cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dysregulated mechanisms underlying Duchenne muscular dystrophy from co-expression network preservation analysis.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder with its primary insult on the skeletal muscle. Severe muscle wasting, chronic inflammation and fibrosis characterize dystrophic muscle. Here we identify dysregulated pathways in DMD utilizing a co-expression network approach as described in Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). Specifically, we utilize WGCNA’s “preservation” statistics to identify gene modules that exhibit a weak conservation of network topology within healthy and dystrophic networks. Preservation statistics rank modules based on their topological metrics such as node density, connectivity and separability between networks. Raw data for DMD was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE6011) and suitably preprocessed. Co-expression networks for each condition (healthy and dystrophic) were generated using the WGCNA library in R. Preservation of healthy network edges was evaluated with respect to dystrophic muscle and vice versa using WGCNA. Highly exclusive gene pairs for each of the low preserved modules within both networks were also determined using a specificity measure. A total of 11 and 10 co-expressed modules were identified in the networks generated from 13 healthy and 23 dystrophic samples respectively. 5 out of the 11, and 4 out of the 10 modules were identified as exhibiting none-to-weak preservation. Functional enrichment analysis identified that these weakly preserved modules were highly relevant to the condition under study. For instance, weakly preserved dystrophic module D2 exhibited the highest fraction of genes exclusive to DMD. The highly specific gene pairs identified within these modules were enriched for genes activated in response to wounding and affect the extracellular matrix including several markers such as SPP1, MMP9 and ITGB2. The proposed approach allowed us to identify clusters of genes that are non-randomly associated with the disease. Furthermore, highly specific gene pairs pointed to interactions between known markers of disease and identification of putative markers likely associated with disease. The analysis also helped identify putative novel interactions associated with the progression of DMD.
Interpretations of the effects of pH on the spectra of purple membrane

The absorption and circular dichroism of the purple membrane in solution and the linear and circular dichroism of the purple membrane oriented in a film were used to detect changes in the membrane protein structure and membrane organization in the pH range of 2.4 to 12.6. Main findings are (a) the membrane protein structure is stable at every level of organization to pH changes over the range of 5.0 to 8.5. (b) Tertiary structural changes occur in the membrane protein structure in the pH range of 2.4 to 5.0 and 8.5 to 11.8 without any secondary structural involvement. (c) An irreversible change occurs in the membrane organization in the pH range of 11.8 to 12.6 involving large tertiary and secondary structural changes in the membrane protein. (d) The retinyl chromophore is influenced by a nearby ionizable group. (e) The membrane crystalline structure is highly stable to pH perturbation except at the high pH range of 11.0 to 11.8.
Computer simulation study of a simple cubic dipolar lattice

The present work reports Monte Carlo calculations on a classical simple cubic lattice, consisting of point dipoles with identical dipole moments. Dipolar interactions are known not to be essential for nematic ordering, but they can play a significant role in some specific cases; along the lines of the lattice model approximation already used in simulation work on liquid crystals, our system can thus be considered as an extreme case of nematogenic potential model. The system possesses an antiferroelectric ground state and, at higher temperature, it undergoes a transition to an orientationally disordered phase; comparison with mean-field and spherical-model treatments of the transition is also reported. The structural properties were investigated by calculating orientational correlation functions and found to exhibit some qualitative differences with respect to other potential models previously investigated for nematics.
Dietary n − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids modify Syrian hamster platelet and macrophage phospholipid fatty acyl composition and eicosanoid synthesis: a controlled study

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effects of varying intakes of dietary n − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the fatty acyl composition and arachidonic acid metabolite synthesis of platelets and macrophages in Syrian hamsters consuming diets that were strictly controlled for n − 6 PUFA content. Animals consumed highly controlled diets which were not supplemented with n − 3 PUFA (control) or supplemented with 0.4%, 0.8% or 2% (w/w) n − 3 fatty acids. The content of n − 3 PUFA in cellular phospholipids increased progressively with the intake of n − 3 PUFA, while n − 6 PUFA, including arachidonic acid, decreased despite the constant intake of 18:2( n − 6); this latter effect was more substantial in macrophages than in platelets. The synthesis by stimulated macrophages of prostaglandin E 2 , 6-keto-prostaglandin F 1α , thromboxane B 2 and 11- and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids decreased with the intake of 0.8% n − 3 PUFA to 30–50% of the control values. Little effect of diets on platelet aggregation and eicosanoid synthesis was observed reflecting the limited effect on platelet arachidonic acid content. The synthesis of 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid by stimulated platelets increased with n − 3 PUFA consumption in a dose-dependent fashion. Circulating triacylglycerols and HDL-cholesterol were decreased only in animals consuming 2% n − 3 PUFA. The strict control of n − 6 PUFA intake allows the determination of the effects of n − 3 PUFA intake on the measured parameters without confounding effects of other dietary lipids.
Impact of Genetics on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Renal Cancer

Kidney cancer is a heterogeneous disease comprised of a number of histologic subtypes, each associated with unique genetic mutations, clinical features, and sensitivity to treatment. By examining families affected with the hereditary kidney cancer syndromes von Hippel-Lindau, hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma, hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma, and Birt-Hogg-Dube, researchers have been able to identify the genes responsible for these syndromes. This work has revealed that kidney cancer is fundamentally a metabolic disorder, and as such, novel targeted therapies specific to their molecular biology have been developed and employed in both the hereditary and sporadic forms of renal cell carcinoma.
A Plea for Uniformity in Radio-active Nomenclature

IN a letter to NATURE (vol. lxxvi., p. 661, 1907) Prof. Rutherford advised against an immediate adoption of a permanent system of nomenclature for the radioelements since the discovery of a new element in the midst of a series would entail the alteration of the names of a possible half-dozen others which follow it. It was considered, however, that the number of products still to be discovered was nearly exhausted, and that when there was a general consensus of opinion that such was the case, chemists and physicists should meet together in order to revise the whole system of nomenclature.
Empirical Cross-Validation of Hermann Rorschach's Theory of Perception

Summary Hermann Rorschach's theory of perception is first presented, and then a method is described which was aimed at testing the theory's implications. Group Rorschach contents were selected, and two types of scoring procedures were worked out. In one case, a simple percentage of total responses was used, and in a second case a weighting was made according to whether or not the S was reporting an interpretation or a perception of the inkblot. Three all-male samples were studied, attending two different high schools. Both social class and racial differences were represented in the samples. Where one or the other of the two Rorschach scoring methods resulted in a significant correlation with independent measures of personality within the samples, it was the measure taking into consideration Rorschach's theory which reflected the over-all advantage.
Molecular dynamics simulations of tethered membranes with periodic boundary conditions

Tethered membranes with periodic boundary conditions are studied using constant temperature-pressure molecular dynamics techniques. Constraint and Nos\'e thermostating are used in conjunction with Andersen and Cleveland-Wentzcovitch constant pressure algorithms. In contrast to earlier work, it is found that the scaling behavior is consistent with the most accurate previous simulation studies (of tethered vesicles). The Poisson ratio for these networks is determined to be ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{P}}$=-0.15\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01. The relative efficiency of the various algorithms is also discussed. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Neonatal maturation of the hypercapnic ventilatory response and central neural CO2 chemosensitivity

The ventilatory response to CO2 changes as a function of neonatal development. In rats, a ventilatory response to CO2 is present in the first 5 days of life, but this ventilatory response to CO2 wanes and reaches its lowest point around postnatal day 8. Subsequently, the ventilatory response to CO2 rises towards adult levels. Similar patterns in the ventilatory response to CO2 are seen in some other species, although some animals do not exhibit all of these phases. Different developmental patterns of the ventilatory response to CO2 may be related to the state of development of the animal at birth. The triphasic pattern of responsiveness (early decline, a nadir, and subsequent achievement of adult levels of responsiveness) may arise from the development of several processes, including central neural mechanisms, gas exchange, the neuromuscular junction, respiratory muscles and respiratory mechanics. We only discuss central neural mechanisms here, including altered CO2 sensitivity of neurons among the various sites of central CO2 chemosensitivity, changes in astrocytic function during development, the maturation of electrical and chemical synaptic mechanisms (both inhibitory and excitatory mechanisms) or changes in the integration of chemosensory information originating from peripheral and multiple central CO2 chemosensory sites. Among these central processes, the maturation of synaptic mechanisms seems most important and the relative maturation of synaptic processes may also determine how plastic the response to CO2 is at any particular age.
The β2 Adrenergic Receptor Gln27Glu Polymorphism Affects Insulin Resistance in Patients with Heart Failure: Possible Modulation by Choice of Beta Blocker

Abstract:Insulin resistance is prevalent in heart failure (HF) patients, and beta2 adrenergic receptors (β2-AR) are involved in glucose homeostasis. We hypothesized that β2-AR Gln27Glu and Arg16Gly polymorphisms affect insulin resistance in HF patients, and we explored if effects of β2-AR polymorphi
Secondary analysis of perceptions and meanings of type 2 diabetes among Mexican American women.

PURPOSEthe purpose of this study was to explore explanatory models of diabetes from the perspective of Mexican American women with type 2 diabetes.METHODSIn-depth interviews were conducted in a secondary analysis of an interpretive interactionism study to investigate the meanings of diabetes from the perspectives of Mexican American women with type 2 diabetes. The sensitizing concept used was Kleinman's explanatory models of illness. The original study sample included 20 Mexican American women between the ages of 27 and 45 with varying lengths of time since diagnosis.RESULTSData analysis was an interactive process. The data were collapsed into explanatory models of diabetes categorized as defining, getting, having, describing, or taking care of diabetes. The meaning of having diabetes was viewed as a life threat with complications and a shortened life.CONCLUSIONSDiabetes complications, viewed as symptoms, were structured in the explanatory models developed from the contextual arenas of family and communit...
Training Faculty Members and Resident Assistants to Respond to Bereaved Students.

The authors provide guidance for conducting workshops on bereavement for faculty members and resident assistants who, because of their regular interactions with students, are well positioned to respond to students in difficulty.
Insect cardioactive peptides: regulation of hindgut activity by cardioacceleratory peptide 2 (CAP2) during wandering behaviour in Manduca sexta larvae.

The functional relationship between cardioacceleratory peptide 2 (CAP2) and hindgut activity during wandering behaviour was investigated in fifth-instar larvae of the tobacco hawkmoth Manduca sexta. Inspection of the alimentary canal on the day prior to wandering showed that the gut, in preparation for metamorphosis, was voided of all contents by 18:00 h. Associated with this event, which we refer to as ‘gut emptying’, was an increase in the frequency of hindgut contractions measured in vivo. No change in heart activity was seen during this developmental period. Measurements of the amount of CAP2 in the central nervous system (CNS) of fifth-instar caterpillars revealed that CAP2 storage levels declined sharply on the day of gut emptying. The drop in CNS levels of CAP2 at gut emptying was temporally correlated with the appearance of CAP2 in the haemolymph. CAP2, when applied at physiological concentrations to an in vitro larval hindgut bioassay, caused changes in several parameters, including contraction frequency and amplitude, and basal tension. In vivo administration of CAP2 elicited hindgut responses that were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those seen in vitro. Developmental studies on changes in CAP2 responsiveness during the last larval instar demonstrated that the hindgut is maximally sensitive to CAP2 on the day of gut emptying. Direct evidence in support of a role for CAP2 in fifth-instar larvae was provided by experiments in which the increase in gut activity in vivo seen at gut emptying was significantly reduced by injections of an anti-CAP antibody. Based on data from cobalt backfills and anti-CAP immunohistochemical staining, we propose that CAP2 exerts its effect on the larval hindgut at wandering via a local release from CAP-containing neurones in the terminal ganglion that project directly to the hindgut.
Association between vitamin B12-containing supplement consumption and prevalence of biochemically defined B12 deficiency in adults in NHANES III (third national health and nutrition examination survey).

Objective To explore the association between vitamin B 12 (B 12 )-containing supplement use, low B 12 concentrations and biochemically defined B 12 deficiency in US adults. Design A cross-sectional study with adjustment for survey design. Prevalence ratios for two age groups (18–50 and >50 years) were estimated using unconditional logistic models. Outcome measures included prevalence of low serum B 12 concentration ( 12 deficiency (serum B 12 10 μmol/l). Setting A population survey of health and nutritional measures. Subjects Subjects were non-institutionalized adults, aged 18 years and older, who participated in Phase 2 of NHANES III (Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). Results Low B 12 concentrations were less prevalent among persons consuming B 12 -containing supplements ( P = 0·001) with an adjusted prevalence ratio of 0·6 (95 % CI 0·3, 1·0). Biochemical B 12 deficiency showed a similar trend ( P = 0·0002), with an adjusted prevalence ratio of 0·3 (95 % CI 0·1, 0·8). Prevalence ratios were similar in adults >50 years of age, although the prevalence of low B 12 and biochemical deficiency was proportionally higher. Conclusions Consumption of B 12 -containing supplements was associated with at least 50 % lower prevalence of both low serum B 12 and biochemical B 12 deficiency in a nationally representative sample of US adults, suggesting increased consumption of B 12 from supplements or from fortified foods may reduce the prevalence of B 12 deficiency. Additionally, the current Recommended Daily Allowance for B 12 of 2·4 μg may be insufficient for those aged >50 years.
A simple approach for construction of algebraic-geometric codes from affine plane curves

The current algebraic geometric (AG) codes are based on the theory of algebraic geometric curves. In this paper, we present a novel approach for construction of AG codes without any background in algebraic geometry. Given an affine plane irreducible curve and its all rational points, based on the equation of this curve, we can find a sequence of monomial polynomials x/sup i/y/sup j/. Using the first r polynomials as a basis of dual code of a linear code called AG code, the designed minimum distance d of this AG code can be easily determined. For these codes a fast decoding procedure with complexity O(n/sup 7/3/) which can correct errors up to [(d-1)/2], is also shown. By this approach it is neither necessary to know the genus of curve nor find a basis of differential form. This approach can be easily understood by most engineers. Some examples are also shown, which indicate that the codes constructed by this approach are better than the current AG codes from same curves.
Economic and Radiation Costs of Initial Imaging Approaches After a Child’s First Febrile Urinary Tract Infection

BACKGROUND. The traditional initial imaging approach following pediatric urinary tract infection is the "bottom-up" approach (cystogram and renal ultrasound). Recently, the "top-down" approach (nuclear renal scan followed by cystogram for abnormal scans only) has gained increasing attention. The relative cost and radiation doses of these are unknown METHODS. The authors used a decision model to evaluate these imaging approaches. Cost and effective radiation dose estimates, including sensitivity analyses, were based on one-time imaging only. RESULTS. Comparing hypothetical cohorts of 100 000 children, the top-down imaging approach cost $82.9 million versus $59.2 million for the bottom-up approach. Per-capita effective radiation dose was 0.72 mSv for top-down compared with 0.06 mSv for bottom-up. CONCLUSIONS. Routine use of nuclear renal scans in children following initial urinary tract infection diagnosis would result in increased imaging costs and radiation doses as compared to initial cystogram and ultrasound. Further data are required to clarify the long-term clinical implications of this increase.
High-Power Transmission Line Transformer Design for Plasma Generators

Efficient and novel design method to implement high-power transmission line transformers (TLTs) that can be used as output balun for plasma generators is presented. The novelty in the presented method involves: the construction of the balun using transmission lines (TLs) in the form of microstrip configuration, which gives higher power handling capacity with larger amount of current and high breakdown voltage, accurate formulation including magnetic design of the balun, such as core selection, flux density, operational current, voltage, and number of turns, and implementation of the balun for radio frequency amplifier section of the plasma generator for the first time. The presented method also integrates Dowell's formulation into microstrip type design and shows that when TLs with rectangular cross sections, such as copper strips, are used for winding, thermal profile of the balun improves since its conductor loss is reduced. Design charts based on analytical formulation to design high-power TLTs are presented. High-power TLT is then constructed, measured, and implemented for 2-MHz plasma generator. All the measurement results, including thermal profile of the TLT and power amplifier performance of the plasma generator at the center frequency, 2 MHz, when the new type of TLT is implemented have been given. It has been shown that the TLT using the design technique presented in this paper can be used as output balun for plasma generators and meet all the requirements of plasma applications.
Small Nonnative Fishes as Predators of Larval Razorback Suckers

Abstract The razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus), an endangered big-river fish of the Colorado River basin, has demonstrated no sustainable recruitment in 4 decades, despite presence of spawning adults and larvae. Lack of adequate recruitment has been attributed to several factors, including predation by nonnative fishes. Substantial funding and effort has been expended on mechanically removing nonnative game fishes, typically targeting large predators. As a result, abundance of larger predators has declined, but the abundance of small nonnative fishes has increased in some areas. We conducted laboratory experiments to determine if small nonnative fishes would consume larval razorback suckers. We tested adults of three small species (threadfin shad, Dorosoma petenense; red shiner, Cyprinella lutrensis; fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas) and juveniles of six larger species (common carp, Cyprinus carpio; yellow bullhead, Ameiurus natalis; channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus; rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus ...
Repair of the difficult ventriculotomy

A technique is described that allows the surgeon to repair the difficult ventriculotomy associated with early surgical treatment of myocardial infarction. Complications that occur as a result of suturing the friable myocardium can be avoided using both internal and external repair.
Ensnared into Crime: A Preliminary Test of Moffitt's Snares Hypothesis in a National Sample of African Americans

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relation between alcohol use and individual differences in the desistance process from criminal behavior during young adulthood. This study used Moffitt's (1993) “snares” hypothesis to posit that alcohol use would slow the desistance process of criminal behavior among African Americans. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of the Youth 1997, we conducted dual semiparametric group-based trajectory analysis of criminal behavior and alcohol use among African Americans from ages 16 through 22 (N = 283) using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of the Youth 1997. Results indicate that 3 trajectory groups provided the best representation for the patterns of crime over this period of life. In addition, 4 trajectory groups provided the best representation for the patterns of alcohol use. From our dual-trajectory analysis, we found that African Americans that were desisting slower from crime were using alcohol more often, thus supporting Moffit...
Magnetic wave propagation in a periodic medium

The propagation of magnetic waves in an infinite medium with a periodic dielectric constant is studied as a simplified example to evaluate the applications of periodic structures. Specifically, the use of those structures for filtering and distributed feedback is investigated, and a new scheme for the generation of magnetic waves using drifting charges and a distributed feedback configuration similar to DFB lasers is studied in some detail.
Comparing cognitive interviewing and psychometric methods to evaluate a racial/ethnic discrimination scale

Proponents of survey evaluation have long advocated the integration of qualitative and quantitative methodologies, but this recommendation has rarely been practiced. We used both methods to evaluate the "Everyday Discrimination" scale (EDS), which measures frequency of various types of discrimination, in a multi-ethnic population. Cognitive testing included 30 participants of various race/ethnic backgrounds and identified items which were redundant, unclear, or inconsistent (e.g., cognitive challenges in quantifying acts of discrimination). Psychometric analysis included secondary data from two national studies, including 570 Asian Americans, 366 Latinos, and 2,884 African Americans, and identified redundant items, as well as those exhibiting differential item functioning (DIF) by race/ethnicity. Overall, qualitative and quantitative techniques complemented one another, as cognitive interviewing findings provided context and explanation for quantitative results. Researchers should consider further how to integrate these methods into instrument pretesting as a way to minimize response bias for ethnic and racial respondents in population-based surveys.
From Life to Faith to Life: Some Traces

An intellectual autobiography by Thomas H. Groome is presented, tracing the personal and academic origins of his thought and practice as a religious educator and practical theologian.
Glutamine-mediated regulation of heat shock protein expression in intestinal cells

Background. Glutamine is crucial in the growth and protection of intestinal mucosa ; the molecular mechanisms for these effects are not known. Heat shock proteins (hsp) are stress-responsive genes that protect cells from various injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine whether glutamine alters hsp expression in intestinal cells after injury. Methods. IEC-6 (rat intestinal crypt) cells were grown to 80% confluence, rinsed free of medium and serum, and then grown in medium containing various concentrations of L-glutamine (0.5 to 8.0 mmol/L) for 24 hours. Cells were then exposed to heat shock (43° C for 1 hour) and RNA and protein were extracted at 0, 2, 8, and 24 hours after heat shock. Northern hybridizations were performed using an hsp 70 complementary DNA. Western blots were performed by using antibodies specific to the inducible and constitutive forms of hsp70. Results. Northern blot analysis demonstrated a fourfold stimulation of hsp70 messenger RNA 2 hours after heat shock in IEC-6 cells supplemented with 8.0 mmol/L glutamine compared with 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L glutamine. In addition, inducible Hsp70 protein levels were increased threefold in IEC-6 cells given glutamine (8.0 mmol/L) at 24 hours after heat shock. Conclusions. Glutamine augments hsp70 messenger RNA and protein expression in gut-derived IEC-6 cells after injury. Our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism for the enhanced cytoprotection of gut mucosa conferred by administration of glutamine and suggest that supplemental glutamine may be required after injury to enhance expression of stress-responsive genes in the gut. (SURGERY 1995 ;118 :352-7.)
Variation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Viral RNA Levels in the Female Genital Tract: Implications for Applying Measurements to Individual Women

The short-term detection and variability of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA level was assessed in the blood plasma and genital tracts of 55 HIV-1-infected women. Specimens were collected weekly for 8 weeks from the endocervical canal with wicks and cytobrushes and from the ectocervix and vagina with cervicovaginal lavage. In all, 48 women (87.3%) had detectable genital tract HIV-1 RNA at > or =1 collection times. HIV-1 RNA levels varied least in specimens from endocervical canal wick and most in cervicovaginal lavage samples. The within-subject variation for genital-tract virus level was greater than that for blood. Overall, the odds for viral RNA detection in the genital tract approximately tripled for each 10-fold increase in plasma viral RNA concentration (P<.001) or with concomitant genital tract infection (P=.003). Endocervical canal wicks should be considered as an adjunct to cervicovaginal lavage, to improve the sensitivity and precision of HIV-1 RNA detection.
Design automation for DNA self-assembled nanostructures

DNA self-assembly is an emerging technology with potential as a future replacement of conventional lithographic fabrication. A key challenge is the specification of appropriate DNA sequences that are optimal according to specified metrics and satisfy various design rules. To meet this challenge we developed a thermodynamics-based design automation tool to evaluate the vast DNA sequence space (2.8k base pairs) and select appropriate sequences. We use this tool to design DNA nanostructures that were previously impossible with existing text distance based tools. We also show that for nanoscale structures our approach produces superior results compared to existing tools.
Ca2+-dependent activation of Cl−currents in Xenopus oocytes is modulated by voltage

Ca2+-activated Cl− currents (I Cl,Ca) were examined using fluorescence confocal microscopy to monitor intracellular Ca2+ liberation evoked by flash photolysis of caged inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate ...
Neuropsychological function in college students with and without posttraumatic stress disorder

Previous research on the neuropsychology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has identified several neurocognitive deficits that co-occur with the disorder. However, it remains unclear whether these deficits are due to trauma exposure, PTSD symptomatology or psychiatricysubstance abuse comorbidity. We examined trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms and neuropsychological performance in 235 undergraduate students, i.e. a non-clinical sample. The sample comprised146 subjects with trauma exposure (38 with current PTSD and108 without lifetime PTSD ) and 89 no-trauma comparison (NC) subjects who were administered tests of attention, working memory, psychomotor speed , wordgeneration andexecutive functioning. Relationships of neuropsychological functioning to measures of psychiatric symptoms andsubstance abuse were examined . Current PTSD (PTSDq), trauma-exposedwithout PTSD (PTSDy) andNC subjects d idnot d iffer significantly on the vast majority of neuropsychological tests. There were very few significant associations between neuropsychological performance andclinical variables, andthose that were statistically significant were small in magnitude. The striking lack of differences in neuropsychological performance between the three groups suggests that college students with trauma exposure, regardless of the presence of PTSD symptoms, may be cognitively resilient. Neuropsychological impairment may not be an invariant feature of PTSD, but when it is present, it may be associatedwith poorer functional outcomes. 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Spatio-Temporal Patterns for Problem Determination in IT Services

Problem determination in a large and dynamic IT service is a challenging task. In this paper we propose a framework for problem determination based on monitoring the event streams generated by the different components of an IT service. We give a generic representation of a problem through spatial-temporal patterns, which is a graph where the vertices capture the location and the time of the matching events, and the edges represent the spatio-temporal conditions between two matching events. The spatial conditions are based on the underlying system topology graph, and the temporal conditions are based on event timestamps.A practical implementation of the above framework will require fast algorithms for detecting patterns. We present efficient algorithms when the pattern graph is a range and a tree, which are then used as building blocks for a hierarchical heuristic for detecting general patterns. Finally, we show that our algorithms perform well in practice through extensive numerical simulations.
Phase feeding in a big-bird production scenario: Effect on growth performance, yield, and fillet dimension

Abstract Phase feeding (PF) has been effective at maintaining broiler growth while reducing production cost, but the effect on different broiler strains and sex has not been assessed. An experiment was conducted using 4 commercial broiler strains grown up to 63 d of age (n = 1,440), comparing a PF approach to an industry-type diet. At d 17, birds began either the industry or PF regimen. The industry regimen consisted of average industry nutrient levels with periods from 17 to 32 d, 32 to 40 d, 40 to 49 d, and 49 d to the end of trial. For PF, diets were prepared that contained Lys, sulfur amino acids, and Thr levels matching the predicted requirements for birds at the beginning (high nutrient density) and end (low nutrient density) of PF. Pelleted high and low nutrient density diets were blended to produce rations containing amino acid levels that matched the predicted PF requirements over 2-d intervals. Weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency were calculated through d 58. Birds were commercially processed at 59, 61, or 63 d; yield and fillet dimensions were measured. Phase feeding did not effect weight gain or feed intake of broilers during the overall growth period (17–58 d). For most strains, PF did not effect final BW, yield, or fillet dimensions. However, strain and sex had greater effects on growth performance, yields, and fillet dimensions. Strains B and D had greater breast yield than strains A and C. Reduced feed costs ($0.01 to $0.04 per kilogram of gain, depending on strain) were observed for all strains with PF for the overall growth period (17–58 d). Therefore, potential savings on feed costs are possible for all strains used in this study with the incorporation of the PF regimen.
Bioinformatics and Omics

Bioinformatics has become an essential part of omics research and requires unique practical and analytical skills for appropriate results interpretation. Bioinformatics uses computers and statistics to perform extensive omics-related research by searching biological databases and comparing gene sequences and protein on a vast scale to identify sequences or proteins that differ between diseased and healthy tissues, or between different phenotypes of the same disease.30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 The techniques used in omics are called high throughput because they involve analysis of very large numbers of genes, gene expression, or proteins in one procedure or combination of procedures. The vast amounts of data generated by these high-throughput studies typically require computers for analysis and comparison of differences between diseased and physiological cells and tissues, a key feature of bioinformatics. Omics and bioinformatics are used not only for the study of the genes and signaling pathways involved in human diseases, but also for identifying potential targets of therapy and the design of therapeutic drugs.
Stimulated Convection and Morphological Instability

The directional solidification of a stably stratified binary mixture is examined in the limit of large Rayleigh number. Three distinct modes that correspond to either internal waves, buoyancy edge waves, or interfacial instabilities are identified. Buoyancy is found to localize inter-facial disturbances and destabilize the morphological instability. We find that when internal waves that are normally damped are driven by gravity modulation, their interaction with morphological modes is weak and that this stimulated convection does not significantly alter the onset of interfacial instability.
Gainesboro Machine Tools Corporation

In mid September 2005, Ashley Swenson, the chief financial officer of this large CAD/CAM (computer aided design and manufacturing) equipment manufacturer must decide whether to pay out dividends to the firms shareholders, or repurchase stock. If Swenson chooses to pay out dividends, she must also decide on the magnitude of the payout. A subsidiary question is whether the firm should embark on a campaign of corporate-image advertising, and change its corporate name to reflect its new outlook. The case serves as an omnibus review of the many practical aspects of the dividend and share buyback decisions, including (1) signaling effects, (2) clientele effects, and (3) finance and investment implications of increasing dividend payout and share repurchase decisions. This case can follow a treatment of the Miller Modigliani dividend-irrelevance theorem and serves to highlight practical considerations in setting dividend policy.
An Analysis of Express in Aesthetics: A Reevaluation of the Literature

The formalist-expressionist debate has been successful in pointing out to us that we are not clear as to what, if anything, “express” means. The term seems to be as unclear now as it has ever been. Some have said that no one knows what the expressiveness of music means (Kivy 1989). And others have given up looking for a definition at all.2 It is predictable that without at least a sound theory of meaning and emotion, sentences involving these terms may as well be strung along in any way at all.
Network effects as infrastructure challenges facing utilities and regulators

The regulation of infrastructure in a time of transition Tenth ACCC Regulatory Conference, Surfers Paradise, Queensland, Australia, 30 July 2009
Attenuation of lipopolysaccharide fever in rats by protein kinase C inhibitors.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever and changes in circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in freely moving biotelemetered rats. We used PKC inhibitors with different inhibition constants (Ki): H-7 (Ki = 6 microM) and chelerythrine (Chel; Ki = 0.66 microM; a more potent PKC inhibitor). Rats were injected subcutaneously with either 3 or 15 microM/kg of these inhibitors and then 1 h later were injected intraperitoneally with LPS (50 micrograms/kg). Blood samples for IL-6 bioassay were collected 4 h after LPS injection. H-7 at lower doses did not significantly affect fever and LPS-induced elevation of circulating IL-6, whereas at a higher dose (15 microM/kg) H-7 reduced both fever and the increase of IL-6 (analysis of variance, Scheffe's test, P < 0.05). Chel (3 and 15 microM/kg) significantly reduced fever and almost completely inhibited the LPS-induced elevation of plasma IL-6. In separate experiments, we studied the effect of H-7 on antipyresis due to dexamethasone (Dex). Dex at a dose of 0.6 microM/kg given subcutaneously 1 h before LPS partially prevented fever (approximately 55% inhibition) and attenuated the increase of IL-6 (P < 0.05). Simultaneous pretreatment of the rats with Dex and H-7 (3 microM/kg; a dose that did not affect fever and IL-6 elevation) led to a potentiation of the antipyretic effect of Dex, resulting in no fever. H-7 did not potentiate, however, the inhibitory effect of Dex on LPS-induced elevation of circulating IL-6. We conclude that PKC is involved in the regulation of LPS fever and constitutes a rate-limiting factor in modulation of the fever by glucocorticoids.
The Pathogenic Effect and Nature of a Toxin produced by B. paratyphosus B.

The fact that certain bacteria excrete substances which reproduce the symptoms caused by the organisms themselves, has led to the conclusion that bacteria, in general, produce disease by excreting poisons which are detrimental to a given host. Notwithstanding considerable evidence in favor of this conclusion, it has been possible in but few instances to isolate and identify toxic bacterial products as causes of pathologic effects. This paper presents the results of experiments which indicate the production of soluble toxins by B. paratyphosus B, and make it probable that it is to these particular toxins that the bacillus of Achard and Bensaude owes its disease-producing power. Before entering on the discussion of the details of experimental data, a review of previous work is given.
Catalytic Cycle for Palladium-Catalyzed Decarbonylative Trifluoromethylation using Trifluoroacetic Esters as the CF3 Source

This paper demonstrates a catalytic cycle for Pd-catalyzed decarbonylative trifluoromethylation using trifluoroacetic esters as CF3 sources. The proposed cycle consists of four elementary steps: (1) oxidative addition of a trifluoroacetic ester to Pd0, (2) CO deinsertion from the resulting trifluoroacyl PdII complex, (3) transmetalation of a zinc aryl to PdII, and (4) aryl–CF3 bond-forming reductive elimination. The use of RuPhos as the supporting ligand enables each of these steps to proceed under mild conditions (<100 °C). These studies set the stage for the development of catalytic arene trifluoromethylation and perfluoroalkylation reactions using inexpensive trifluoroacetic acid derived CF3 sources.
Near-field Corrections in Mesoscopic Transport

In dense composites, light transport evolves through both propagating and evanescent channels. A novel propagation model is developed in terms of measurable far- and near-field scattering. Its accuracy is verified by systematic enhanced backscattering experiments.
Movement of Insecticides in Soils Under Leaching and Non-Leaching Conditions

In 1954 a Miami silt loam and a muck soil were treated with aldrin at 20 lb. and 200 lb./acre, lindane at 10 lb. and 100 lb./acre and DDT at 10 lb. and 100 lb./acre. The insecticides were sprayed on the soil as an emulsion with a sprinkling can and then rototilled into the soil to a depth of 4 to 5”;. Seventeen months later 84 to 96% of the insecticides were found in the upper 3-inch level of the loam soil, 4 to 12% in the 3 to 6” layer, and 0 to 5% in the 6 to 9” layer. In the muck soil 62 to 74% was found in the top layer, 19 to 29% in the 3 to 6” layer and 7 to 8% in the 6 to 9” layer. No differences were noticed between individual insecticides. At the same time lindane was found to be unequally distributed in a horizontal direction. Three years after treatment, slightly (5 to 15°) sloping plots contained front 1.3 to 2.2 time more insecticide in the lower half as compared with the upper half of the plot. Experiments, conducted under laboratory conditions, showed that lindane was leached to some extent from a treated soil into an untreated one. The leaching was most notice able in Plainfield sand and least noticeable in muck soil. Under non-leaching conditions, lindane also moved into the untreated layer, but more was retained in a muck soil than in a Plain field sand. When radioactive parathion (P32) was used, it was found that during a period of 6 days, parathion moved upwards, downwards and sidewards as well. The results obtained seem to indicate that the movement of parathion is more rapid in a Plainfield sand than in a muck soil, as the latter retains the insecticide to a greater extent. In a Plainfield sand, 6.6% of all the parathion recovered was in the untreated layers adjacent to the treated one and 3.5% in the untreated layers most distant from the treated one. The respective figures for a muck soil were 10.8% and 1.8%. Preliminary experiments conducted with aldrin under nonleaching conditions indicate movement of this insecticide to a considerable extent.
Model Experiments Implicate a Benzoquinoneketene Intermediate in LCP Synthesis

LCP synthesis from 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) and comonomers involves the formation of phenolic anion end groups at the later stages of polymerization. Model reactions show that these end groups c...
HPV and oropharyngeal cancer mystery: a glimmer of hope!

Viral associated cancer brings to forth the intricate relationships between viruses and host innate immunity and genetic susceptibility1. This interplay is particularly germane to viral associated nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal squamous carcinomas, where lymphoid rich submucosa characterizes these sites. The inability of the existing immune defenses to neutralize EBV and HPV (both are dsDNA viruses) is currently unknown. This is largely due to the lack of direct cause/effect, the ubiquitous presence of these viruses and the unique demographic and epidemiologic characteristics of the affected subjects2. Therefore, multiple interacting factors including genetic, environmental, viral/host susceptibility and innate immunity underlie viral induced tumors at these locations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Treatment and nursing of children measles complicated by severe pneumonia with respiratory

Objective: To study the nursing methods of measles complicated with pneumonia and respiratory failure.Methods: Observed 32 cases of measles complicated by pneumonia,respiratory failure in children with problems and take appropriate nursing interventions.Results: Aggressive treatment and intensive care,5 patients died,giving up five cases,all the rest were cured.Conclusion: According to the differences in children with the disease to take appropriate care measures differentiated care,lay a solid foundation care with the psychological care of children with mental and physical pleasure can improve the cure rate of measles pneumonia in children with respiratory failure.
Overview: Prospects and Options for Local and National Guidelines in the Courts

Local adaptation of national guidelines appears to be widespread, but it is little examined in terms of its extent, appropriateness, and impact. But the worst situation for patient and practitioner would be when a good national guideline exists but a bad local guideline guides practice.
Calbindin-D 28K in the Circulatory System of the Chick

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses about calbindin-D, the vitamin D-induced calcium-binding protein (CaBP), which was first identified in the intestinal mucosa of the chick, and has since been found in a number of tissues and in several different species. The effect of duodenal calcium absorption on the CaBP concentration in the venous blood draining the gut was determined. The calcium concentration in mesenteric venous serum was significantly greater in those chicks receiving the normal or the high calcium diets as compared to the low calcium group. The transfer of CaBP from the interstitial fluid into the lumen of the vein could be a function of the well characterized structural features of the microcirculation. These include the existence of bidirectional endocytotic–exocytotic cycles, and fenestrations in the capillary and the venous walls. The function of CaBP in peripheral nerve cells of the intestinalis nerve is unknown. Its presence in the varicosities in the axon suggests a role in neurotransmitter release because these regions of the axon are thought to be sites of secretion of neurotransmitters.
Wideband acoustic immittance: normative study and test-retest reliability of tympanometric measurements in adults

Purpose The purpose of this study was to present normative data of tympanometric measurements of wideband acoustic immittance and to characterize wideband tympanograms. Method Data were collected i...
Multimodal play–literacy: a preschooler’s storytelling, drawing, and performing of dinosaur extinction theories

ABSTRACTBuilding on relevant research concerning the play–literacy relationship, the social-semiotic theory of multimodality, and the notion of embodiment, this article seeks to explore the possibilities of children’s play as a meaningful context for literacy practices and, more importantly, of play itself as a form of literacy practice. This article presents a descriptive and interpretive analysis of a video-taped, play–literacy event at home to explore socio-cultural as well as multimodal aspects of a preschooler’s meaning-making processes. Particularly, this article focuses on how one preschooler strategically selects, switches, and combines particular semiotic modes available in the situated play–literacy activity, in order to express his understanding of his social world and intended meanings while also highlighting the roles of family members in this process.