cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using JavaScript to introduce social network programming

Social Media and Social Networking are positioned to be an excellent way to draw a diverse population of students into the computing disciplines. At the same time, previous approaches to integrating these topics into the Computer Science curriculum have not involved programming. JavaScript offers several different approaches to accessing this data and integrating it into programming projects, but it is a language that is not widely taught as a required language in computer science programs. In this paper, we argue that JavaScript should be taught more frequently and describe two JavaScript tools that created which allow easy access Social Network APIs. These tools can be integrated into web-programming or web-design classes at any level. The first tool that we describe is Spotter, an extendible JavaScript library that allows for real-time data from Twitter and Facebook to be utilized in client-side applications. We describe how it works, show some examples, and relay our experiences using it in four different classes at three different colleges. Next, we introduce CTwitter, which creates a client-side "streaming" API that is is designed to mirror commonly used server-side JavaScript library called nTwitter. It has the advantage that it exposes an API in Processing.js, which allows students to create a graphical representation of Twitter data.
Student preferences and perceptions of learning from vSIM for Nursing

This study explored BSN students' perceptions of learning with vSim for Nursing™. Using a mixed methods design with 99 students, key points of learning were medication administration and respiratory interventions. Qualitative data demonstrated learning of assessment, prioritization, and emergency management. The top student preferences of how to use virtual simulation were as a clinical makeup or to enhance lecture. The findings support the use of virtual simulation and provide data to guide nurse educators to more strategically integrate virtual simulation exercises.
Rate of Open Reduction for Supracondylar Humerus Fractures Varies Across Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgeons: A Single-Institution Analysis.

OBJECTIVES To (1) define a single institution's rate of open reduction for operative pediatric supracondylar humerus (SCH) fractures; (2) describe variability by surgeon in rates of irreducible fracture (IRF) and open reduction; and (3) determine whether variation in opening rate correlated with surgeon experience. DESIGN Retrospective analytic study. SETTING Urban tertiary care Level 1 trauma center. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS Twelve fellowship-trained pediatric orthopaedists. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Rate of open reduction for operatively treated SCH fractures (OTA/AO 13-M/3). RESULTS One thousand two hundred twenty-nine type II SCH fractures (none of which required open reduction) were excluded from the analysis. A total of 1365 other SCH fractures were included: 1302 type III fractures, 27 type IV fractures, and 36 fractures with unspecified type. 2.9% of type III and 22.2% of type IV fractures required open reduction. None of the injuries with unspecified type required open reduction. The rate of open reduction among 11 surgeons ranged from 0% to 15.0% in type III-IV fractures (P = 0.001). 86% (38/44) of open reductions were performed for IRF. In regression analysis, patient age was associated with open reduction for IRF (odds ratio 1.22, P = 0.001), but surgeon years-in-practice (0.321) and number of previous cases (0.327) were not associated with open reduction. Other indications for opening included suspected vascular or neurologic injury. CONCLUSIONS Open reduction was rarely performed in this sample, but IRF was the dominant indication for opening. We found true variation in surgeons' rates of performing open reductions. More experience was not correlated with decreased likelihood of open reduction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Examination of anthrax lethal factor inhibition by siderophores, small hydroxamates, and protamine.

Background and purpose Based on their ability to chelate metals, hydroxamate molecules and siderophores have been successfully used as metalloenzyme inhibitors. As the anthrax toxin lethal factor (LF) is a zinc (Zn)-metallopeptidase, an investigation of the ability of some small non-siderophore hydroxamate compounds, 5 hydroxamate-containing siderophores, and 1 catecholate siderophore was undertaken to determine whether these compounds would inhibit LF. In addition, salmon sperm protamine and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid were investigated. Methods A spectrophotometric assay of LF activity, based on its reaction with the substrate (Ac-gly-tyr-betaala-arg-arg-arg-arg-arg-arg-arg-arg-val-leu-arg-p-nitroanilide), was used to assess the degree of inhibition of LF by the putative inhibitors. Procedures were implemented to avoid iron contamination of the test solutions and non-ferrated siderophores and hydroxamates were used as potential inhibitors. Results The hydroxamate-containing siderophores displayed limited capacities to inhibit LF, as did the low molecular weight hydroxamate compounds. In contrast, the catecholate siderophore enterobactin and the cationic polyamine salmon sperm protamine demonstrated notable inhibition of LF at concentrations ranging from approximately 10 to 200 microM. Conclusions The polyamine salmon sperm protamine which mimics the target site of proteins cleaved by LF, was the most effective inhibitor of the molecules examined, while the small molecule hydroxamates and the hydroxamate siderophores were among the poorest. If chelation of the Zn of LF results in LF inhibition by the molecules examined, it is most likely secondary to binding of the putative inhibitors to the active site of LF.
Loss Aversion, Instant Endowment and Risk-Bearing:The Relation between Stock-Based Compensation and Managerial Risk-Seeking Behavior

We examine the extent to which the behavioral agency model describes the relation between stock-based compensation and managerial risk-seeking behavior. The behavioral agency model, which incorporates prospect theory, predicts that while managers are more risk-seeking in the loss decision context than in the gain decision context because of loss aversion, such risk-seeking behavior in the loss context is mitigated because managers instantly endow stock-based compensation (i.e., wealth at stake), which increases their risk-bearing. We find that in general, managers are more risk-seeking in the loss context than in the gain context, consistent with prospect theory. Contrary to prospect theory, however, we find that managers endowed with in-the-money stock options are less risk-seeking than managers endowed with at-the-money stock options. This finding is also contrary to agency theory which generally predicts that stock options encourage risk-seeking behavior. We also explore whether managers' subjective valuation of stock options is associated with risk-seeking behavior. We find evidence consistent with managers valuing stock options more than restricted stock of similar objective value. Overall, our results support the propositions based on the behavioral agency model. Moreover, managers appear to consider both risk-bearing as well as subjective valuations of stock-based compensation in their decision-making process. Our findings are important for those using and evaluating the efficacy of different types of stock-based compensation in inducing firm value-increasing risk-seeking behavior.
Mirror states in Li 9 and C 9

I have used a potential model to examine mirror states in $^{9}\mathrm{Li}$ and $^{9}\mathrm{C}$. The mirror energy difference and observed widths of the supposed $7/{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ states are consistent with dominant parentage to the ${3}^{+}$ excited state of $^{8}\mathrm{Li}$ and $^{8}\mathrm{B}$. The newly reported $s$-wave resonance at 4.3 MeV in $^{9}\mathrm{C}$ should have a mirror near ${E}_{x}=5.39(38)\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MeV}$ in $^{9}\mathrm{Li}$.
Multidimensional Analysis of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytokines and Mast Cell Proteases Reveals Interferon-γ as a Key Biomarker in Equine Asthma Syndrome

Abstract Naturally-occurring equine asthma is an inflammatory lung disease characterized by chronic, partially reversible airway obstruction, pulmonary remodeling and lower airway inflammation. The cytokine profiles that distinguish asthma groups or subtypes in horses have not been systematically classified, and mast cell phenotypes, which, in human asthma, correlate with asthma type, lung function, and response to therapy, have not been well-described in horses. The purpose of this study was to: (1) compare mast cell protease mRNA expression between healthy and asthmatic horses, (2) analyze the cytokine profile present in BALF of currently defined equine asthma groups, and (3) use these data to evaluate potential biomarkers of defined asthma groups. Mast cell protease gene expression and select cytokine gene expression in cells isolated from BALF, and BALF multiplex cytokine assays were performed. Multidimensional analysis demonstrated that IFNγ differentiates severe from moderate asthma, and that TNFα and CXCL8 are key biomarkers of equine asthma subtype. Expression of chymase mRNA, a mast cell-specific protease, was significantly decreased in horses with mastocytic asthma. These results will help further define EAS immunopathology, which could improve understanding and definitions of asthma groups, while also potentially identify novel therapeutic strategies.
Does lacking a car put the brakes on activity participation? Private vehicle access and access to opportunities among low-income adults

Abstract Private vehicle travel entails costs to society. However, in a world designed around the automobile, adults who lack access to a vehicle for economic reasons may experience a significant handicap due to constrained mobility and accessibility. This paper examines whether private vehicle access is associated with the quantity and quality of out-of-home activities in which low-income individuals participate. We use pooled data from multiple time use surveys drawn from the Netherlands, Canada, Spain, and the United Kingdom, and employ Cragg two-part hurdle modeling to determine whether there is an association between household vehicle access and participation in twelve out-of-home activity types. As a robustness check, we also estimate multiple discrete continuous extreme value (MDCEV) models. Further, we examine travel time by mode for those with and without vehicles. Finally, we use American Time Use Survey data and fixed-effects panel models to determine the subjective well-being that is associated with our out-of-home activity types. A lack of private vehicle access is associated with significantly less frequent out-of-home activity participation, both in the aggregate and for seven of the twelve individual activities. Moreover, the activities most likely to be foregone are generally associated with high subjective well-being, suggesting that constrained mobility comes with significant emotional costs. We find a greater “activity penalty” for rural residents and for Canadian residents without vehicle access; urbanites without vehicles in the U.K. are the only geographic group which do not exhibit an activity penalty. Finally, respondents with vehicle access spend more total time traveling, although those without private vehicles partially offset spending less time in them with higher use of alternative modes. Overall, the findings suggest that the lack of a private vehicle is deleterious for quality of life, raising troubling questions about inequity possibly arising when people are denied access to vehicles for economic reasons.
Routine Placement of Temporary Epicardial Pacing Leads Is Not Required After Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Replacement

ObjectiveOur objective is to identify the incidence of urgent transvenous (TV) pacing wire placement following minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (mini-AVR).MethodsThis is a single-center,...
Presentation of the report of the E15 Task Force on Investment Policy: “The evolving international investment law and policy regime: Ways forward. Policy options paper”

The presentation focussed on the need for an International Support Program for Sustainable Investment Facilitation and the need for an Advisory Center on International Investment Law.
Fabrication of thermally and mechanically stable superhydrophobic coatings for cellulose-based substrates with natural and edible ingredients for food applications

Abstract This study successfully fabricated double-layer superhydrophobic coatings possessing good thermal and mechanical stability for cellulose-based substrates using natural and edible ingredients by a simple and low-cost casting and spray-coating technique. The first layer of the coatings was prepared by spray-coating the surfactant-free beeswax or camellia wax emulsion for providing high surface roughness and low surface energy to the coatings. Wax concentration (5, 10, and 20 mg/ml) and spray coating time (5, 10, 20, 30 s) were investigated on coating density and superhydrophobicity. The underneath second layer composed of zein particles (ZP)/cellulose nanofiber (CNF) or precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC)/CNF with different thickness (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 mm), was prepared by casting. The prepared coatings had micro/submicron-scale structure surface morphology. A variety of liquid foods could freely roll on the coated filter paper surfaces in spherical without leaving a trace. The introduction of PCC/CNF as the second layer significantly (P
Missouri forests 2018: summary report

This summary report provides an overview of findings from the fourth annualized inventory of Missouri forests based on data collected from 2012 to 2018. Forest land area remained stable at 15.4 million acres, and 80 percent of forest land is in the oak/hickory forest-type group. Forests in the State continue to mature with 64 percent in large diameter stands and 61 percent in stands older than 60 years of age. Live tree net volume on timberland totals 20.9 billion cubic feet, and 79 percent of that volume is in growing-stock trees. Mortality increased by 17 percent from 2013 to 2018 to 333 million cubic feet per year, resulting in a 7 percent decrease in annual net growth to 371 million cubic feet. Additional information on land-use change, fragmentation, ownership, urban forests, species composition, stand structure, forest carbon, down woody material, regeneration, invasive plants, forest pests, tree health, and timber products output are also presented. A detailed interactive report is available at https://doi.org/10.2737/NRS-RB-122-INT, and supplemental information, including (1) tables summarizing quality assurance, (2) a core set of tabular estimates for a variety of forest resources, and (3) user and database guides for P2 and P2+ protocols, can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.2737/NRS-RB-122.
Monolithic CMOS electronic-photonic devices and systems-on-chip for in-package I/O, superconducting electronics and quantum networks

I review progress in monolithic electronic-photonic platforms, including devices and systems-on-chip (SoCs), for communication applications including in-package I/O, cryogenic data egress and quantum photonic networks. I present developments from Ayar Labs towards Terabit to Petabit scale I/O from a single processor package, including co-packaged photonic I/O chiplets with a commercial FPGA, and 1Tbps from a single chiplet; university research demonstrations of record device performances; a cryogenic photonic data link concept and 4K electronic-photonic transmitter demo that could address the I/O bottleneck of superconducting electronics for future supercomputing platforms; and our efforts on electronic-photonic quantum systems-on-chip (epQSoCs) for photonic quantum networks.
International Examples of Coordinated Social Crime Prevention Strategies on the Municipal Level

While addressing the multiple risk factors of crime is itself a daunting challenge, it is complicated by the fact that this undercuts all sectors of society (public and private), and certainly requires a common language for action and coordination that extends far beyond the purview of the police alone. Working for many years with the Washington-based National Strategy Information Center (NSIC), I had the opportunity to be on a team of researchers and practitioners constantly thinking about new ways to make this happen, and then having the opportunity to test them in practice. One aspect of this mentioned previously was rule of law education for all sectors (youths, police, media, etc.) inspired by the important outcomes of the Sicilian Renaissance discussed in an earlier chapter.
Effect of intrauterine stainless steel ring on endometrial structure and function

Abstract 1. 1. Endometrial biopsies were obtained on selected days of the secretory phase before and after insertion of an intrauterine stainless steel ring in 91 fertile women. 2. 2. Hysterectomy specimens from 10 women with intrauterine stainless steel rings in situ were also studied. 3. 3. The tissue was evaluated by standard histological methods as well as P.A.S., Alcian blue, toluidine blue, and alkaline phosphatase technique. 4. 4. There was no evidence of pregnancy or abortion and no increase in incidence of chronic inflammation. 5. 5. There was no disturbance of endometrial function as evidenced by normal cyclic changes and normal glycogen and alkaline phosphatase activity. 6. 6. Failure of depolymerization of mucopolysaccharides of the ground substance was indicated by the persistence of Alcian blue staining during days 22 to 24 in 75 per cent of the postinsertional specimens. 7. 7. The absence of tissue reaction demonstrate the inertness and suitability of stainless steel as a material for intrauterine devices. 8. 8. Biochemical study of endometrial gland secretions was initiated. To date, endometrial mucus specimens obtained from 34 women before and after insertions have been examined for total proteins and carbohydrates. The small number of postinsertional samples examined have shown no significant difference with controls.
Coherence in Natural Language: Data Structures and Applications

The general topic of this thesis is coherence in natural language, where coherence refers to informational relations that hold between segments of a discourse. More specifically, this thesis aims to (1) develop criteria for a descriptively adequate data structure for representing discourse coherence; (2) test the influence of coherence on psycholinguistic processes, in particular, pronoun processing; (3) test the influence of coherence on the relative saliency of discourse segments in a text. In order to address the first aim, a method was developed for hand-annotating a database of naturally occurring texts for coherence structures. The thus obtained database of coherence structures was used to test assumptions about descriptively adequate data structures for representing discourse coherence. In particular, the assumption that discourse coherence can be represented in trees was tested, and results suggest that more powerful data structures than trees are needed (labeled chain graphs, where the labels represent types of coherence relations, and an ordered array of nodes represents the temporal order of discourse segments in a text). The second aim was addressed in an on-line comprehension and an off-line production experiment. Results from both experiments suggest that only a coherence-based account predicted the full range of observed data. In that account, the observed preferences in pronoun processing are not a result of pronoun-specific mechanisms, but a byproduct of more general cognitive mechanisms that operate when establishing coherence. In order to address the third aim, layout-, word-, and coherence-based approaches to discourse segment ranking were compared to human rankings. Results suggest that word-based accounts provide a strong baseline, and that some coherence-based approaches best predict the human data. However, coherence-based algorithms that operate on trees did not perform as well as coherence-based algorithms that operate on more general graphs. It is suggested that that might in part be due to the fact that more general graphs are more descriptively adequate than trees for representing discourse coherence. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Successful Treatment of Spontaneous Low-Pressure Headache Due to Prominent Cervical CSF Leak with Cervical Epidural Blood Patch (P7.178)

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of successful treatment of a patient with chronic spontaneous low-pressure headache correlated with MRI finding of prominent CSF leak at the upper cervical spinal level. BACKGROUND: Spontaneous low-pressure headache (SLPH) is a vexing neurological ailment, that oftentimes cannot be treated with conservative therapy ie bed rest, caffeine, pain medications. We present a case of successful treatment of a 48 year old gentleman with SLPH who has radiographic evidence of prominent CSF leak with fluid collection at the C1-2 level. He did not have lasting relief with lumbar epidural blood patch, but had significant relief of postural headache with the first cervical epidural blood patch for 6 months, and resolution of postural headache to date with repeated cervical epidural blood patch. DESIGN/METHODS: Fluoroscopic guided placement of 18 gauge epidural needle into C7-T1 interlaminar space was performed, a epidural catheter (Braun Perifix 20G) was advanced to C2 level (1st patch) and C3 level (2nd patch). Epidurogram with Omnipaque injections confirmed contrast in the posterior and lateral epidural space. Autologous venous blood was then administered. RESULTS: This patient received two lumbar epidural blood patches without lasting relief. Given the radiographic evidence of prominent CSF leak at C1-2 level, the patient was then treated with a cervical epidural blood patch, of which headache pain relief lasted 6 months. A second cervical epidural blood patch was performed, and the patient has been headache-free for nearly one year to date. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the successful treatment of this patient9s spontaneous low pressure headache, we advocate patients undergo epidural blood patches to target the site of dural leak identified by imaging studies to improve the efficacy of this intervention. This case demonstrated that placement of cervical epidural blood patch, despite its inherent risks, may be more effective than lumbar epidural blood patch in treatment of cervical CSF leak. Disclosure: Dr. Wang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wang has nothing to disclose.
Trip to Trinidad

I made a summer trip to Trinidad to join my son and granddaughter on a study of the culture of Trinidad. The study began with getting information about the Carnival characters. When I saw a play that used the Carnival characters personalities to represent characters in a play about an everyday issue, I realized that people in Trinidad used the Carnival characters stories as a basis of making life decisions. This led to the conclusion that the narrative is the basis of what we know. When you repeat the stories you repeat the culture. When you acted out what the stories say you repeat the culture. Stories are like DNA.
Gas-Chromatographic Determination of Theophylline in Human Serum and Saliva

We report a gas-chromatographic procedure for routine determination of the bronchodilator, theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine), in serum and saliva. Volatile butyl derivatives for gas chromatography were prepared by the method of Greeley [ Clln. Chem. 20, 192 (1974)], with butyliodide as the alkylating agent. Substances that interfere in the classical determination of theophylline, such as theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine) and phenobarbital, are well separated from theophylline by the gas-chromatographic procedure and can be quantitated if desired. It is possible to determine 1 µg of theophylline in 1 ml of serum or saliva. Between-run precision for 15 µg/ml samples was 5.3%. This determination is useful in assessing patient compliance with medication instructions and in adjusting dosage schedules of theophylline in patients attending a pediatric allergy clinic.
From Black Land to Fifth Sun: The Science of Sacred Sites

From Black Land to Fifth Sun: The Science of Sacred Sites. Brian Fagan. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley Longman, 1998.403 pp.
The Noulens Affair in East and Southeast Asia: International Communism in the Interwar Period

In June 1931, British authorities in Singapore arrested a Comintern operative using the name Joseph Ducroux. An address book found on his person then led the Shanghai Municipal Police to Hilaire Noulens and his wife, both Comintern agents, who were collectively in charge of funneling all monies and communications between the Comintern, the Chinese Communist Party, and Communist organizations throughout East Asia. The arrest of the Noulens, and the material found in their apartments, compromised hundreds of Communists and their international networks in East and Southeast Asia. The case materials themselves, found in British, French, and Dutch archives, expose the ways the Comintern’s Far Eastern Bureau used Soviet capital and an international cast of characters to combat European imperialism in East and Southeast Asia during the interwar period. Although these efforts suffered from serious weaknesses, European colonial administrators nevertheless worried constantly about the specter of an all-powerful Soviet machine bent on world domination. Their response was cross-colonial collaboration to undermine and destroy the Comintern’s activities in the region. This article explores the circumstances surrounding the Noulens Affair, as it came to be known, to argue that the global struggle between communism and anti-communism that marked the years of the Cold War after 1945 cannot be adequately understood without reference to this earlier, interwar period.
Behaviour of transversely coupled vertical-cavity lasers

In this paper, we present novel light versus current results for two transversely coupled VCSELs. One or both of the coupled VCSELs are designed to be anti-guided, which yields stronger inter-element coupling over longer distances than is possible with traditional evanescent-wave coupling. We observe that the two VCSELs robustly phase lock, similar to the results that we recently reported for two VCSELs separated by up to 20 /spl mu/m.
Effect of chemical bonding on positive secondary-ion yields in sputtering.

We have studied the effect of chemical bonding on the emission of positive secondary ions from solid surfaces in static mode sputtering. In all the three systems investigated, N-Si(100), O-Si(100), and O-Ge(111), the ${\mathrm{Si}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{Ge}}^{+}$ yields were enhanced by at least 2 orders of magnitude. X-ray photoemission showed that the ion yields were linearly related to the amount of surface nitrides or oxides formed during the reactions. The ion yields were site specific and showed emission-velocity and angle dependences. The results are compared to the predictions of a recently proposed bond-breaking model.
SLEVEs for planar spline curves

Given a planar spline curve and local tolerances, a matched pair of polygons is computed that encloses the curve and whose width (distance between corresponding break points) is below the tolerances. This is the simplest instance of a subdividable linear efficient variety enclosure, short sleve.We develop general criteria, that certify correctness of a global, polygonal enclosure built from a sequence of individual bounding boxes by extending and intersecting their edges. These criteria prove correctness of the sleve construction.
Brain steroid synthesis and metabolism

Abstract We describe two methods for quantifying key enzymes that metabolize testosterone to active metabolites within the central nervous system. These techniques are useful for investigating endocrine control of neural function by steroid hormones. We caution, however, that these assays must be validated in the individual laboratories in which they are used. Without validation, one cannot be sure of the reliability of the data that will be generated.
Characteristics of patients attending an HIV-related psychiatric clinic

Demographic and clinical data were recorded for 324 patients who visited an AIDS-related psychiatric outpatient clinic over a three-year period. Seventy-five percent of the patients had a diagnosis of AIDS, AIDS-related complex, or asymptomatic HIV seropositivity. Intravenous drug use and heterosexual relations were the most common HIV transmission risk factors. Seventy-three percent of the patients were black or Hispanic; 51 percent were female. In all stages of HIV infection, adjustment disorder was the most common diagnosis; one third to one half of the patients had substance abuse diagnoses. Only 5 percent were diagnosed with dementia, with the incidence highest (12 percent) in patients with AIDS. On the basis of their experience with the clinic, the authors discuss issues that have proved important in the treatment of patients with the triple diagnoses of medical illness, mental illness, and substance abuse.
Association of Endodontic Involvement with Tooth Loss in the Veterans Affairs Dental Longitudinal Study

Introduction The effect of endodontic involvement on tooth loss has not been quantified, so the present study aimed to assess this relationship after controlling for other relevant risk factors for tooth loss.
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction vs. hypothermia-induced electrocardiographic changes: a case report and brief review of the literature.

Abstract Background Diagnosed ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) usually prompts rapid cardiac catheterization response. Objective Our aim was to raise awareness that hypothermia can cause electrocardiographic (ECG) changes that mimic STEMI. Case Report Emergency Medical Services (EMS) was called for altered mental status and lethargy in a 47-year-old man with a medical history of paraplegia. His history included hepatitis C, hypertension, seizures, anxiety, and recent pneumonia treated with i.v. antibiotics. When brought in by EMS, the patient was responsive only to painful stimuli. His blood glucose was 89 mg/dL; blood pressure was 80/50 mm Hg, and ECG showed ST elevations diffusely. His vital signs in the emergency department were heart rate 53 beats/min, blood pressure 134/79 mm Hg, respiratory rate 14 breaths/min, pulse oximetry of 100%, and a rectal temperature of 32.7°C (91°F). A second ECG showed diffuse ST elevation, sinus bradycardia with a rate of 56 beats/min, and a first-degree atrioventricular block. J waves were noted in V3−V6, I and II. There were no reciprocal changes or ST depressions. A bedside ultrasound showed no pericardial effusion. The patient underwent cardiac catheterization, which showed no coronary artery disease and a normal ejection fraction. Later, hypercapneic respiratory failure with bilateral pneumonia developed and was intubated. His ECG the following day, once he was rewarmed, showed complete resolution of ST elevation and almost complete resolution of J waves. Conclusion Obtaining a complete set of vital signs is key to making a correct diagnosis. Hypothermia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ST elevation.
Beverage consumption, appetite, and energy intake: what did you expect?

Background: Beverage consumption is implicated in the overweight/obesity epidemic through the weaker energy compensation response it elicits compared with solid food forms. However, plausible mechanisms are not documented. Objective: This study assessed the cognitive and sensory contributions of differential postingestive responses to energy- and macronutrient-matched liquid (in beverage form) and solid food forms and identifies physiologic processes that may account for them. Design: Fifty-two healthy adults [mean ± SD age: 24.7 ± 5.5 y; BMI (in kg/m2): 26.3 ± 6.3] completed this randomized, 4-arm crossover study. Participants consumed oral liquid and solid preloads that they perceived, through cognitive manipulation, to be liquid or solid in their stomach (ie, oral liquid/perceived gastric liquid, oral liquid/perceived gastric solid, oral solid/perceived gastric liquid, or oral solid/perceived gastric solid). However, all preloads were designed to present a liquid gastric challenge. Appetite, gastric-emptying and orocecal transit times, and selected endocrine responses were monitored for the following 4 h; total energy intake was also recorded. Results: Oral-liquid and perceived gastric-liquid preloads elicited greater postprandial hunger and lower fullness sensations, more rapid gastric-emptying and orocecal transit times, attenuated insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 release, and lower ghrelin suppression than did responses after oral-solid and perceived gastric-solid treatments (all P < 0.05). Faster gastric-emptying times were significantly associated with greater energy intake after consumption of perceived gastric-liquid preloads (P < 0.05). Energy intake was greater on days when perceived gastric-liquid preloads were consumed than when perceived gastric solids were consumed (2311 ± 95 compared with 1897 ± 72 kcal, P = 0.007). Conclusions: These data document sensory and cognitive effects of food form on ingestive behavior and identify physical and endocrine variables that may account for the low satiety value of beverages. They are consistent with findings that clear, energy-yielding beverages pose a particular risk for positive energy balance. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01070199.
Analysis and Synthesis in Architectural Designs: A Study in Symmetry

Jin-Ho Park describes and demonstrates methods of analysis and synthesis in architectural composition, based on the algebraic structure of the symmetry groups of a regular polygon. The Popenoe House by Rudolf Schindler is analyzed to show a unique application of symmetry operations with regard to the spatial organization. A similar geometric order and symmetric technique is applied to the generation of a new design.
Calculation of the gating charge for the Kv1.2 voltage-activated potassium channel.

The atomic models of the Kv1.2 potassium channel in the active and resting state, originally presented elsewhere, are here refined using molecular dynamics simulations in an explicit membrane-solvent environment. With a minor adjustment of the orientation of the first arginine along the S4 segment, the total gating charge of the channel determined from >0.5 μs of molecular dynamics simulation is ∼12–12.7 e, in good accord with experimental estimates for the Shaker potassium channel, indicating that the final models offer a realistic depiction of voltage-gating. In the resting state of Kv1.2, the S4 segment in the voltage-sensing domain (VSD) spontaneously converts into a 310 helix over a stretch of 10 residues. The 310 helical conformation orients the gating arginines on S4 toward a water-filled crevice within the VSD and allows salt-bridge interactions with negatively charged residues along S2 and S3. Free energy calculations of the fractional transmembrane potential, acting upon key charged residues of the VSD, reveals that the applied field varies rapidly over a narrow region of 10–15 A corresponding to the outer leaflet of the bilayer. The focused field allows the transfer of a large gating charge without translocation of S4 across the membrane.
Effect of chlorothalonil application frequency on quality factors of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

Yield, disease rating, seed quality and seed size parameters were determined from four peanut (Arachis hypogaea L) genotypes with different levels of resistance to leafspot to evaluate the effects of controlling peanut leafspot with chlorothalonil. In 1981 and 1983, main plot treatments were (i) no fungicide applications, (ii) applications of chlorothalonil (1242 g ai ha-1) at 14-day intervals, and (iii) applications of chlorothalonil (1242 g ai ha-1) at 20-day intervals. After shelling, a narrow seed size range (less than 8.33 mm less than or equal to 7.14 mm width) was used to reduce maturity effects in analyses of free fatty acids, total carbonyls, carbohydrates, oil content, and fatty acid profile. Oil content increased significantly with spray frequency in both years only in Southern Runner, and treatment differences in all genotypes were no more than 1.7%. Oleic and linoleic acid decreased and increased, respectively, with increased spray frequency in Florunner (susceptible) and the resistant genotype with the highest unsprayed disease rating. Florunner median seed size for the unsprayed treatment (8.07 mm) was significantly smaller than the median sizes for the 20-day interval (8.15 mm) and 14-day interval (8.16 mm) treatments.
Evolution of Avian Plumage Color in a Tetrahedral Color Space: A Phylogenetic Analysis of New World Buntings

Abstract: We use a tetrahedral color space to describe and analyze male plumage color variation and evolution in a clade of New World buntings—Cyanocompsa and Passerina (Aves: Cardinalidae). The Goldsmith color space models the relative stimulation of the four retinal cones, using the integrals of the product of plumage reflectance spectra and cone sensitivity functions. A color is represented as a vector defined by the relative stimulation of the four cone types—ultraviolet, blue, green, and red. Color vectors are plotted in a tetrahedral, or quaternary, plot with the achromatic point at the origin and the ultraviolet/violet channel along the Z‐axis. Each color vector is specified by the spherical coordinates θ, φ, and r. Hue is given by the angles θ and φ. Chroma is given by the magnitude of r, the distance from the achromatic origin. Color vectors of all distinct patches in a plumage characterize the plumage color phenotype. We describe the variation in color space occupancy of male bunting plumages, u...
Pseudoaneurysm and hemobilia in a neonate

Abstract Hemobilia, arterial-biliary fistula, and pseudoaneurysm are rare complications of percutaneous liver biopsy in a neonate. We present the management of persistent hemobilia in a previously premature 2877 g neonate. Despite the ongoing correction of coagulation parameters and multiple large volume transfusions our patient's hemobilia persisted. We eventually controlled the arterial-biliary fistula using a selective endovascular embolization technique not commonly used in patients of this size. The pseudoaneurysm was no longer visible on outpatient follow up ultrasound 21 days after embolization. Pseudoaneurysm should be considered in the neonate with persistent hemobilia after percutaneous liver biopsy. Angiography can be both diagnostic and therapeutic in the management of hepatic pseudoaneurysm and arterial-biliary fistula after percutaneous liver biopsy.
Determination of protein by a modified Lowry procedure in the presence of some commonly used detergents

A wide variety of detergents has been employed to solubilize and purify membrane proteins (1,2). The interference caused by certain cationic and nonionic detergents in the Lowry procedure for protein determination (3) and its elimination by inclusion of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)l has been previously described (4-7). However, only for Triton X-100 has this modification been shown definitively to be effective at concentrations of interfering detergent as high as 1% in the final reaction mixture over a range of protein concentrations (45). In this communication, we further document the applicability of a modified Lowry method to protein preparations containing high levels of nonionic and cationic detergents in common use.
Localization of unconventional myosins V and VI in neuronal growth cones.

Class V and VI myosins, two of the six known classes of actin-based motor genes expressed in vertebrate brain (Class I, II, V, VI, IX, and XV), have been suggested to be organelle motors. In this report, the neuronal expression and subcellular localization of chicken brain myosin V and myosin VI is examined. Both myosins are expressed in brain during embryogenesis. In cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, immunolocalization of myosin V and myosin VI revealed a similar distribution for these two myosins. Both are present within cell bodies, neurites and growth cones. Both of these myosins exhibit punctate labeling patterns that are found in the same subcellular region as microtubules in growth cone central domains. In peripheral growth cone domains, where individual puncta are more readily resolved, we observe a similar number of myosin V and myosin VI puncta. However, less than 20% of myosin V and myosin VI puncta colocalize with each other in the peripheral domains. After live cell extraction, punctate staining of myosin V and myosin VI is reduced in peripheral domains. However, we do not detect such changes in the central domains, suggesting that these myosins are associated with cytoskeletal/organelle structures. In peripheral growth cone domains myosin VI exhibits a higher extractability than myosin V. This difference between myosin V and VI was also found in a biochemical growth cone particle preparation from brain, suggesting that a significant portion of these two motors has a distinct subcellular distribution. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 42: 370–382, 2000
Peptide nucleic acids are potent modulators of endogenous pre-mRNA splicing of the murine interleukin-5 receptor-alpha chain.

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) that bind target pre-mRNA with high affinity have been shown to alter splicing patterns and offer promise as therapeutics. Previous studies have shown that ASOs fully modified with 2‘-O-methoxyethyl (2‘-O-MOE) sugar residues redirect constitutive and alternative splicing of the murine interleukin-5 receptor-α (IL-5Rα) chain pre-mRNA in cells, resulting in inhibition of the membrane-bound isoform and enhanced expression of the soluble isoform. Here, we show that antisense peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) alter splicing of the IL-5Rα pre-mRNA in a fashion similar to their 2‘-O-MOE-modified counterparts of the same sequence. Moreover, using PNA as the splicing modulator, the length of the antisense oligomer could be shortened from 20 to 15 nucleobase units to obtain a comparable effect. Treatment of cells with antisense PNA resulted in dose-dependent, specific downregulation of IL-5Rα membrane isoform mRNA expression and enhanced levels of the soluble IL-5Rα isoform transcript, ...
A Holocene pollen record of persistent droughts from Pyramid Lake, Nevada, USA

Pollen and algae microfossils preserved in sediments from Pyramid Lake, Nevada, provide evidence for periods of persistent drought during the Holocene age. We analyzed one hundred nineteen 1-cm-thick samples for pollen and algae from a set of cores that span the past 7630 years. The early middle Holocene, 7600 to 6300 cal yr B.P., was found to be the driest period, although it included one short but intense wet phase. We suggest that Lake Tahoe was below its rim for most of this period, greatly reducing the volume and depth of Pyramid Lake. Middle Holocene aridity eased between 5000 and 3500 cal yr B.P. and climate became variable with distinct wet and dry phases. Lake Tahoe probably spilled intermittently during this time. No core was recovered that represented the period between 3500 and 2600 cal yr B.P. The past 2500 years appear to have had recurrent persistent droughts. The timing and magnitude of droughts identified in the pollen record compares favorably with previously published δ18O data from Pyramid Lake. The timing of these droughts also agrees with the ages of submerged rooted stumps in the Eastern Sierra Nevada and woodrat midden data from central Nevada. Prolonged drought episodes appear to correspond with the timing of ice drift minima (solar maxima) identified from North Atlantic marine sediments, suggesting that changes in solar irradiance may be a possible mechanism influencing century-scale drought in the western Great Basin.
The reduced Gassner representation restricted to a normal free subgroup of the pure braid group

We show that the reduced Gassner representation restricted to a normal free subgroup U n of the pure braid group, P n , is essentially the Magnus representation of U n / U '' n provided that the indeterminate y, used in defining this representation, is set to be one. Then, as a corollary, Lipschutz's result follows easily that is, in general, the kernel of the reduced Gassner representation restricted to U n is a subgroup of U '' n .
Optical polarization: plenty of room for surprise

Solutions to difficult problems in complex environments frequently require methodical approaches and detailed research plans. Fortunately, there is still room for serendipity in disciplines that are relatively mature and well understood. As a case in point, optical sensors that exploit polarized light have matured greatly and the discipline of optical polarization has grown substantially in scope and applications over the last ten years. In spite of this increased understanding, polarization signatures are frequently not well understood. A good example is polarization in the animal kingdom. The potential for polarimetric monitoring of moose populations, and other applications, will be discussed.
An integrated verification and testing environment

A verification and testing environment that includes static analysis, symbolic execution, and dynamic analysis capabilities is presented. Tool integration and co-operation are promoted through use of an intermediate program representation and a system data manager. A substantial user interface aids application of the tools. Their use is guided by a verification and testing methodology on which the system's design is based. The environment has been engineered to support the production of flight control software written in HAL/S. The environment itself is written in Pascal and is designed to be portable. Several development experiences are described. The environment demonstrates that a strong, unified verification and testing environment can be built; it serves as a basis for future investigations.