cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Binding of Codeine, Morphine, and Methadone to Human Serum Proteins

The binding properties of codeine, morphine (as representative opium alkaloids), and methadone (a synthetic pharmacologically similar compound) were studied with selected human serum proteins. The methodology involved equilibrium and dynamic dialysis using 3H-and/or 14C-labeled compounds. For estimation of the percent binding with equilibrium dialysis, concentrations of the ligand used were approximately therapeutic blood levels and another concentration 30-60 times higher. The percent binding to whole human serum ranged from about 20% for morphine to almost 60% for methadone. Of the human serum proteins investigated, the highest percent binding was found with albumin, except for methadone for which it was beta-globulin III. The affinity for other serum proteins varied with the ligand. In studies with albumin using dynamic dialysis, the plots of nubar divided by free concentration versus nubar were similar for all three ligands studied and had positive slopes, unlike those reported for acidic compounds for which the slope is always negative. In studies of binding of one ligand in the presence of another, significant competition was demonstrated, suggesting that the same binding sites were involved.
Constructing Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series

Let Φ be a reduced root system of rank r. A Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series for Φ is a Dirichlet series in r complex variables s1, . . . , sr, initially converging for Re(si) sufficiently large, that has meromorphic continuation to C and satisfies functional equations under the transformations of C corresponding to the Weyl group of Φ. A heuristic definition of such series was given in [BBC06], and they have been investigated in certain special cases in [BBC06,BBF06,BBFH07, BBF08, BBFa, CG07, CFG08, CG, Chi05]. In this paper we generalize results in [CG] to construct Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series by a uniform method, and show in all cases that they have the expected properties.
From flop to megaflops: Java for technical computing

Although there has been some experimentation with Java as a language for numerically intensive computing, there is a perception by many that the language is unsuited for such work because of performance deficiencies. In this article we show how optimizing array bounds checks and null pointer checks creates loop nests on which aggressive optimizations can be used. Applying these optimizations by hand to a simple matrix-multiply test case leads to Java-compliant programs whose performance is in excess of 500 Mflops on a four-processor 332MHz RS/6000 model F50 computer. We also report in this article the effect that various optimizations have on the performance of six floating-point-intensive benchmarks. Through these optimizations we have been able to achieve with Java at least 80% of the peak Fortran performance on the same benchmarks. Since all of these optimizations can be automated, we conclude that Java will soon be a serious contender for numerically intensive computing.
Spectral Mapping of Quasiperiodic Structures in a Vortex Flow

Steady vortex flows over highly swept wings develop quasiperiodic velocity fluctuations. The nature of such fluctuations was explored extensively using a 59.3-deg cropped delta wing at 25-deg incidence in a low-speed wind tunnel. Additional single point tests were conducted over a range of incidences (16-32 deg) and Reynolds numbers (1.2 x 105 to 5.6 x 10 s) based on the root chord. Cross-spectral analysis of velocity fluctuations, sensed by two hot-wire sensors, was used to track these phenomena to the region of their origin as well as study the evolution and growth of the fluctuations. Results show the existence of narrow, dominant frequency bands containing the majority of the fluctuation energy. At 25 deg the quasiperiodicity originates near the 30% span region and the intensity amplifies downstream as the corresponding peak frequency decreases. Further downstream the frequency levels off while the intensity peaks, then decreases. Coherence trajectory mapping displays a helical path around the core of the vortex system. At a fixed location relative to the model, the product of the Strouhal number and the nominal wake scale was relatively constant with respect to freestream speed.
Design and implementation of an information base for decision makers

When considering the design and implementation of systems for decision support, a crucial point is the power and flexibility of available tools for representing data contexts. The value of such systems is constrained by the "richness" of patterning allowed by their data structure mechanisms. We introduce the notion of an information base as a natural step forward in the continuing evolution of data structures. The outstanding features of the information base are (1) its accommodation of the horizontal and vertical integration of information parcels into a single semantic mechanism, and (2) the integration of operators into this semantic structure.
A Global Approach to the Physics Validation of Simulation Codes for Future Nuclear Systems

Abstract This paper presents a global approach to the validation of the parameters that enter into the neutronics simulation tools for advanced fast reactors with the objective to reduce the uncertainties associated to crucial design parameters. This global approach makes use of sensitivity/uncertainty methods; statistical data adjustments; integral experiment selection, analysis and “representativity” quantification with respect to a reference system; scientifically based cross-section covariance data and appropriate methods for their use in multigroup calculations. This global approach has been applied to the uncertainty reduction on the criticality of the Advanced Burner Reactor (both metal and oxide core versions) presently investigated in the frame of the GNEP initiative. The results obtained are very encouraging and allow to indicate some possible improvements of the ENDF/B-VII data file.
Sliding phases via magnetic fields

We show that three-dimensional ``sliding'' analogs of the Kosterlitz-Thouless phase, in stacked classical two-dimensional $\mathrm{XY}$ models and quantum systems of coupled Luttinger liquids, can be enlarged by the application of a parallel magnetic field, which has the effect of increasing the scaling dimensions of the most relevant operators that can perturb the critical sliding phases. Within our renormalization-group analysis, we also find that for the case of coupled Luttinger liquids, this effect is interleaved with the onset of the integer quantum Hall effect for weak interactions and fields. We comment on experimental implications for a conjectured smectic metal phase in the cuprates.
Second-generation color filter array and demosaicking designs

Recent developments in spatio-spectral sampling theory for color imaging devices show that the choice of color filter array largely determines the spatial resolution of color images achievable by subsequent processing schemes such as demosaicking and image denoising. This paper highlights the cost-effectiveness of a new breed of color filter array patterns based on this sampling theory by detailing an implementation of the demosaicking method consisting of entirely linear elements and comprising a total of only ten add operations per full-pixel reconstruction. With color fidelity that rivals the state-of-the-art interpolation methods and an order of complexity near to that of the bilinear interpolation, this joint sensor-demosaicking solution to digital camera architectures can fulfill the image quality and complexity needs of future digital multimedia simultaneously.
Child Soldiers in the East of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

According to the academic literature, the most widely used estimate is that approximately 300,000 children are part of regular and irregular armies worldwide, either as combatants or as support personnel. Moreover, most scholars believe that their numbers are growing. However, the truth is that no one really knows the actual number of child soldiers fighting in some seventy-two government or rebel forces in about twenty countries. This is simply because field work on this subject is notoriously difficult. And as it is in breach of international humanitarian law to engage a child under the age of 18 years, regular armies and guerrilla forces are hardly going to publicize the number of child soldiers in their ranks. Whatever the true number of child soldiers may be, the fact remains that child soldiers have become a principal component of military forces across Africa, Asia, and Latin America. For Africa alone, estimates suggest that there are 120,000 children, 40 per cent of all child soldiers. Moreover, not only has Africa experienced the fastest growth in the use of child soldiers, but the average age of the children enlisted in some African countries is declining as well. And this is despite the fact that there are a number of international treaties and principles that prohibit the use of child soldiers. Successfully bringing peace, security, and the rule of law in the Kivu provinces, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), will be a massive challenge that will require domestic and regional measures implemented over probably several years. This will necessitate the continued active political and financial support of the international community.
Human bocavirus: clinical significance and implications.

Purpose of reviewHuman bocavirus (HBoV), a parvovirus, was discovered in 2005 with the use of nonspecific genome amplification techniques. Since its discovery, HBoV has been identified worldwide. This review will focus on the epidemiology and clinical features associated with HBoV infection.Recent f
Density of states and tunneling characteristics of layered superconductors

We have studied the structure of the density-of-states (DOS) curves and tunneling characteristics of layered superconductors with two distinct layers in a unit cell. In general, the peaks of the DOS curves do not correspond to energy gaps of each layer, but depend on the gaps and the interlayer hopping strengths in a complex manner. This makes the interpretation of tunneling data of layered superconductors much less straightforward than isotropic superconductors. Our simulated tunneling characteristics bear certain resemblance to experimental results.
DETECTION OF A BIPOLAR MOLECULAR OUTFLOW DRIVEN BY A CANDIDATE FIRST HYDROSTATIC CORE

We present new 230 GHz Submillimeter Array observations of the candidate first hydrostatic core Per-Bolo 58. We report the detection of a 1.3 mm continuum source and a bipolar molecular outflow, both centered on the position of the candidate first hydrostatic core. The continuum detection has a total flux density of 26.6 ± 4.0 mJy, from which we calculate a total (gas and dust) mass of 0.11 ± 0.05 Mand a mean number density of 2.0 ± 1.6 × 10 7 cm −3 . There is some evidence for the existence of an unresolved component in the continuum detection, but longer-baseline observations are required in order to confirm the presence of this component and determine whether its origin lies in a circumstellar disk or in the dense inner envelope. The bipolar molecular outflow is observed along a nearly due east-west axis. The outflow is slow (characteristic velocity of 2.9 km s −1 ), shows a jet-like morphology (opening semi-angles ∼8 ◦ for both lobes), and extends to the edges of the primary beam. We calculate the kinematic and dynamic properties of the outflow in the standard manner and compare them to several other protostars and candidate first hydrostatic cores with similarly low luminosities. We discuss the evidence both in support of and against the possibility that Per-Bolo 58 is a first hydrostatic core, and we outline future work needed to further evaluate the evolutionary status of this object.
Precision target tracking for small extended objects

We present a methodology for tracking the centroid of small extended objects using measurements from a forward looking infrared imaging sensor. The statistical characterization of the centroid of a frame as a noisy linear measurement of the centroid of the target is obtained. The offset measurement noise is shown to be autocorrelated. State variable models and the corresponding filters for tracking the target centroid with these measurements are presented. Their performances are compared, and it is verified with simulations that the filter that models the autocorrelated measurement noise provides the best performance.
A Stereoselective Method for the Direct Preparation of 2′-Deoxycytidine

Abstract 2′-Deoxycytidine is prepared from 2-deoxy-α-D-ribofuranosyl chloride via novel stereoselective glycosylation conditions.
An Efficient Finite Difference Method for Parameter Sensitivities of Continuous Time Markov Chains

We present an efficient finite difference method for the computation of parameter sensitivities that is applicable to a wide class of continuous time Markov chain models. The estimator for the method is constructed by coupling the perturbed and nominal processes in a natural manner, and the analysis proceeds by utilizing a martingale representation for the coupled processes. The variance of the resulting estimator is shown to be an order of magnitude lower due to the coupling. We conclude that the proposed method produces an estimator with a lower variance than other methods, including the use of common random numbers, in most situations. Often the variance reduction is substantial. The method is no harder to implement than any standard continuous time Markov chain algorithm, such as “Gillespie's algorithm.” The motivating class of models, and the source of our examples, are the stochastic chemical kinetic models commonly used in the biosciences, though other natural application areas include population p...
Radio emission from radio-quiet quasars

In a search for radio emission from bright, optically selected quasars, we detected ∼50% of the quasars at 5 GHz. This radio detection rate is so much higher than that for faint quasars (<10%)1–4, that it requires that the distribution of radio(R)-to-optical(O) luminosity ratios (LR/LO) be correlated with optical properties and/or with distance (or cosmic epoch). The values of LR/LO in our sample range from ∼10−2 to <10−5 (where radio detection is no longer possible). So broad and smooth a distribution argues against a distinct dichotomy between ‘radio-quiet’ and ‘radio-loud’ quasars. The quasars in our sample which remain undetected at radio frequencies must exhibit a spectral-flux distribution rising from the radio to optical, previously considered an ‘abnormal’ spectrum for a quasar.
Nanoparticle-Supported and Magnetically Recoverable Ruthenium Hydroxide Catalyst: Efficient Hydration of Nitriles to Amides in Aqueous Medium

Magnetic attraction not filtration: A magnetic nanoparticle-supported ruthenium hydroxide catalyst (see figure) was readily prepared from inexpensive starting materials and shown to catalyze the hydration of nitriles with excellent yield in a benign aqueous medium. Catalyst recovery using an external magnetic field, superior activity, and the inherent stability of the catalyst system are additional sustainable attributes of this protocol. No Abstract
Position and Variability of 2A 1704+241

We present results of analyses of observations of the X-ray source 2A 1704241 with the ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) and the High Resolution Imager (HRI). The source 2A 1704241 was first associated with the M giant star HD 154791 based on observations with the HEAO 1 scanning modulation collimator and the Einstein IPC and analysis of a spectrum of HD 154791 obtained with the International Ultraviolet Explorer. This identification was unusual because there are few bright X-ray binaries associated with an M giant star. We observed 2A 1704241 with the PSPC and the HRI in order to determine more accurately the position of the X-ray source and in order to study the previously seen 900 s variability in the Einstein data. Based on the previous identification and determination of the position of MS 1703.72417, an active galactic nucleus in the field, and the position of three previously unreported X-ray sources that we have associated with stars in the USNO-A2.0 catalog, we have greatly reduced the X-ray positional error of 2A 1704241. HD 154791 remains the prime candidate as the optical counterpart of the X-ray source. While the 50% modulation in the X-ray flux seen by the Einstein IPC is apparent in the ROSAT data, it appears to be at a slightly different frequency.
Price Limits and Margin Requirements in Futures Markets

This paper investigates the hypothesis that futures exchanges could use daily price limits as a substitute for higher margin requirements. The empirical results show that the size of margin is negatively correlated with the presence of price limits. Evidence points to the portfolio adjustment costs theory as an explanation of the benefits from price limits. The empirical results cast doubt on the notion that price limits should be abolished. The results also confirm that exchanges have set margin requirements according to economic theories.
Stochastic inlet conditions for large-eddy simulation of a fully turbulent jet

A numerical study using the large-eddy simulation technique is performed to compare the behaviors of two different stochastic inlet condition methodologies, which are each intended to simulate a turbulent inflow for a round jet. The simple technique of Gaussian random forcing is tested as a baseline, and a version of the weighted amplitude wave superposition spectral representation method is tested as an improved technique
Offshoring, unemployment, and wages: The role of labor market institutions ☆

Abstract It is shown that when wages are determined through collective bargaining, there is a non-monotonic relationship between the cost of offshoring and unemployment. Starting from a high cost of offshoring, a decrease in the cost of offshoring reduces unemployment first and then increases it. The non-monotonicity of unemployment in the cost of offshoring does not obtain if wages are determined by individual Nash bargaining instead of collective bargaining. The non-monotonic relationship between the cost of offshoring and unemployment is verified through a calibration exercise performed using parameters for Sweden. The calibration exercise predicts that a decrease in the cost of offshoring, starting from the present level, would reduce unemployment in Sweden. In a two country framework of offshoring (source country and host country) it is shown how changes in the labor market institutions in one country affect labor market outcomes in both countries.
Origin of the Mass in Massive Star Outflows

The molecular outflows associated with massive star formation regions often contain more mass than the central stars that presumably drive the outflows. This Letter deals with the origin of the mass. It is shown that neither accumulated stellar winds nor entrained interstellar matter in bipolar jets is likely to be able to account for the observed outflow masses. It is proposed here that the outflow masses are the result of infalling matter that has been diverted outward into bipolar jets; some important consequences of this idea are explored.
The forward-backward top asymmetry in a singlet extension of the MSSM

The CDF and DO collaborations have recently reported a large forward- backward asymmetry in the $ t\overline t $ system which deviates from the next to-leading order QCD standard model prediction. We study the asymmetry in the $ t\overline t $ system within the framework of singlet extensions of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. For this purpose, we introduce non-renormalizable couplings between first and third generation of quarks to scalars. We analyze two limiting cases of the model, characterized by the size of the supersymmetric mass for the singlet superfield. We study both the small and large limits of this mass parameter. We find that in the region of small singlet supersymmetric mass we can obtain a large asymmetry while being consistent with limits on the $ t\overline t $ production cross section. These results are also consistent with constraints arising from flavor physics, quark masses and top quark decays.
Long-Term Patient and Graft Survival in the Eurotransplant Senior Program: A Single-Center Experience

BACKGROUND The Eurotransplant Senior Program (ESP) was launched in 1999, targeted to increase the supply of donor kidneys to the elderly. This program requires local allocation of kidneys from cadaveric donors >>65 years to recipients >>65 years. METHODS Of all patients >>65 years who received a kidney transplant in 1999-2002 at our center, 59 patients were transplanted through the ESP protocol (ESP group), and 44 patients received a transplant from a younger donor (EuroTransplant Kidney Allocation System, ETKAS group). Recipients were followed for up to 5.3 years using the Austrian Dialysis and Transplant Registry. Outcomes studied included all-cause mortality and allograft loss. RESULTS Age, sex, and comorbid conditions did not differ by group. Donor age was higher (69 vs. 36 years; P < 0.001) and cold ischemia time shorter in the ESP group (10 vs. 15 hr; P < 0.001). Number of HLA mismatches was greater in the ESP group (3.8 vs. 3.0; P = 0.003). ESP patients were more likely to receive induction therapy and less likely to receive cyclosporine A. Primary nonfunction, delayed graft function, operative mortality, rate of acute rejection episodes, and length of stay did not differ by group. Although serum creatinine at discharge was higher in ESP patients (1.7 vs. 1.4 mg/dL; P < 0.001), 4-year mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.31-1.49) and graft loss (HR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.29-1.28) tended to be less. CONCLUSIONS Long-term patient and graft survival were comparable between elderly patients who received their organ via the ESP and the regular ETKAS algorithm.
Hom Functor and the Associativity of Tensor Products of Modules for Vertex Operator Algebras

Abstract We give a new and shorter proof of the associativity of tensor product for modules for rational vertex operator algebras under certain convergence conditions.
Computation of counting distributions arising from a single-stage multiplicative process☆

Abstract The cumulative distribution of the number of secondary electrons in a single-stage photomultiplier is calculated by numerically integrating the inversion integral for its probability generating function along a suitably chosen contour. A residue series applicable in certain cases is also presented. Saddlepoint approximations to the contour integral are described, which are the more accurate, the greater the numbers of secondaries. Recurrent relations are developed for computing values of the distribution for purposes of comparison. Computation of the Neyman Type-A distribution is treated as a limiting case.
On the field anomaly of near wakes in a collisionless plasma

Abstract A variational approach is proposed to determine the induced electric field by charge separation in the near wake of a large negatively charged body moving at mesothermal speeds in a tenuous plasma. The presence of potential well is discussed.
Inclusive isolated photons in pp and PbPb collisions at 2.76 TeV with CMS

Abstract The CMS detector at the LHC has been used to measure the yield of isolated photons in both proton–proton and lead–lead collisions at a nucleon–nucleon center of mass energy of 2.76 TeV. Photons were detected in the pseudorapidity range | η | 1.44 and with transverse energies E T between 20 and 80 GeV. The E T spectra found using next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations are in good agreement with the data. The centrality dependence of the ratio of isolated photon yields in PbPb over those in pp is well described by the number of incoherent nucleon–nucleon collisions. Therefore, the yields of isolated photons in PbPb are consistent with there being no modification of their production in the initial state and no absorption of these photons as they traverse the hot and dense medium created in these very high energy heavy ion collisions.
Even-harmonic lasing

Operation of a free-electron laser at harmonics of the fundamental frequency is explored with the numerical simulation code HELEX. This code includes coupling to the harmonics caused by misalignment of the electrons with the optical beam and coupling due to transverse gradients. Albeit weak, the transverse gradient of the electron beam density produces the dominant coupling of the electrons to the even-harmonic light. Even-harmonic lasing occurs in a TEM0.2m+1-like mode where the field on-axis is zero. As bunching of the electron beam progresses, radiation at the higher odd harmonics is suppressed owing to the absence of higher-order odd-harmonic Fourier components in the bunch. Growth of the even-harmonic power from small signal requires suppression of competing harmonics (including the fundamental) that have higher gain. Lasing at an even harmonic has yet to be experimentally demonstrated in an open resonator (i.e. optical cavity). Strategies to make possible such an experiment are discussed.
Stellar Explosions by Magnetic Towers

We propose a magnetic mechanism for the collimated explosion of massive stars relevant for long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), X-ray flashes (XRFs), and asymmetric core collapse supernovae. In particular, we apply Lynden-Bell's magnetic tower scenario to the interior of a massive rotating star after the core has collapsed to form a collapsar with a black hole accretion disk or a millisecond magnetar as the central engine. Of key importance, the toroidal magnetic field, continuously generated by differential rotation of the central engine, drives a rapid expansion, which becomes vertically collimated after lateral force balance with the surrounding gas pressure is reached. The collimation naturally occurs because hoop stress concentrates magnetic field toward the rotation axis and inhibits lateral expansion without affecting vertical expansion. This leads to the growth of a self-collimated magnetic structure that Lynden-Bell termed a magnetic tower. When embedded in a massive star, the supersonic expansion of the tower drives a strong bow shock, behind which an overpressured cocoon of shocked stellar material forms, as observed in hydrodynamic simulations of collapsar jets. The cocoon confines the tower by supplying collimating pressure support. Because the tower consists of closed field lines starting and ending on the central engine, mixing of baryons from the cocoon into the tower is suppressed. The channel cleared by the growing tower is thus plausibly free of baryons and allows the escape of magnetic energy from the central engine through the star. While propagating down the stellar density gradient, the expansion of the tower accelerates and becomes relativistic. Eventually, fast collisionless reconnection becomes possible, with the resulting dissipation of magnetic energy into accelerated particles being responsible for GRB prompt emission.
Plasma catecholamines ph and blood pressure during cardiac arrest in pigs

This study examined plasma epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) concentrations, pH, and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) in a cardiac arrest model. Twenty-three domestic swine (15-26 kg) were anesthetized with ketamine 20 mg/kg, i.m. and alpha-chloralose 25 mg/kg, i.v. and ventilated with a respirator. Catheters were placed in the right ventricle, left ventricle and femoral arteries for MAP recordings and blood pH sampling every 2 min. Catecholamine samples were taken from the femoral artery every 2 min. Cardiac arrest was induced by endocardial stimulation with a Grass S88 stimulator. Five minute post arrest resuscitation was initiated with a mechanical resuscitator. Ten minute post arrest NaHCO3 1 mEq/kg was administered by the peripheral i.v. (P; n = 6), central (CE; n = 5), or intraosseous, via the tibia, (I; n = 6), route. Controls (C; n = 6) did not receive NaHCO3. MAP (mean +/- S.D.) prior to arrest was: C 144 +/- 16, P 139 +/- 11, CE 137 +/- 13 and I 133 +/- 11 mmHg. Five and 25 min post arrest it was: C 21 +/- 5 and 17 +/- 6, P 34 +/- 8 and 23 +/- 7, CE 17 +/- 7 and 14 +/- 10 and I 26 +/- 6 and 11 +/- 3 mmHg, respectively. A 2-way analysis of variance did not reveal any difference in MAP values in the four groups. In all groups the blood pH from the femoral artery demonstrated a respiratory alkalosis that peaked at approximately 7.48 5 min after initiation of mechanical resuscitation. In the groups receiving NaHCO3, it peaked at 7.77 +/- 0.09 CE and 7.65 +/- 0.06 P 2 min post infusion and at 7.71 +/- 0.06 I 8 min post infusion. An analysis of variance revealed that the CE and I routes were significantly different (P less than 0.05) from the P group and that all three groups were different (P less than 0.05) from the C. Plasma E and NE concentrations at 0, 6, 10, 12, 20 and 30 min post arrest in the C group were, respectively: 3 and 10, 94 and 327, 119 and 329, 92 and 234, 33 and 135, and 127 and 62 ng/ml, respectively. All 3 groups receiving NaHCO3 demonstrated similar patterns and were not significantly different from C when compared with a 2-way analysis of variance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Effects of random member length errors on the accuracy and internal loads of truss antennas

The effects of random member length errors on the surface accuracy, the defocus, and the residual, internal loads of tetrahedral truss antenna reflectors have been studied analytically. The analytical procedure involves performing multiple, deterministic finite element structural analyses for a particular truss. For each analysis, the normally distributed, random member length errors are selected by random number generator. A best fit paraboloid analysis is used to determine a root mean square error and defocus from each analysis. The statistical properties of these quantities as well as the internal loads are calculated from the results of many independent analyses. Results indicate that the number of members in a tetrahedral truss antenna of a given diameter has a significant effect on surface accuracy, defocus and internal loads. It was also found that the member axial stiffnesses and antenna focal length have a very small effect on reflector surface accuracy.
Inheritance of ocular dominance

Evidence for an inherited component in the determination of the preferred eye in sighting dominance is presented that replicates the earlier findings by Merrell (1957). Significantly more left-sighting-preferent individuals were found in the progeny of R×L and L×L matings than in the R×R matings.
Sublanguage terms: dictionaries, usage, and automatic classification

The use of terms from natural and social scientific titles and abstracts is studied from the perspective of sublanguages and their specialized dictionaries. Different notions of sublanguage distinctiveness are explored. Objective methods for separating hard and soft sciences are suggested based on measures of sublanguage use, dictionary characteristics, and sublanguage distinctiveness. Abstracts were automatically classified with a high degree of accuracy by using a formula that considers the degree of uniqueness of terms in each sublanguage. This may prove useful for text filtering or information retrieval systems. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lewis acid and high pressure promoted Diels-Alder cycloadditions of N-alkyl-N-sulfinyl dienophiles

Abstract Normally unreactive N-alkyl-N-sulfinyl compounds act as dienophiles in both inter and intramolecular Diels-Alder processes in the presence of Lewis acids or optimally under high pressure.
Imaging small absorbing and scattering objects in turbid media using diffuse optical tomography structurally guided by reconstructive ultrasound tomography

We report on an imaging technique that combines near-infrared diffuse optical tomography and reconstructive ultrasound tomography. We also experimentally demonstrate that a 2mm size target embedded in a 5cm diameter background can be reconstructed quantitatively.
Post-regulation G findings

Abstract Researchers generally recognize that the stated goal of Regulation G (Reg. G), the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) conditions for use of non-Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) financial measures, is to improve the quality and transparency of non-GAAP financial measures rather than to specifically affect various reporting trends of such measures. Various researchers continue to report substantial deceases in the number of non-GAAP disclosures and/or discloser firms since its implementation in early 2003. By using a sampling criteria in line with the SEC’s definition of non-GAAP financial measures and by reviewing actual corporate press releases, rather than relying on proxies (such as keyword searches), our results indicate that the proportion of companies releasing non-GAAP financial measures has decreased only moderately. We further examine recent changes in two areas of reporting trends noted in prior literature and conclude: (1) the most common pre-Reg. G categories of adjustments have changed and non-GAAP terminology remains as inconsistent as noted in pre-Reg. G research; and (2) the business services sector, which had previously been identified as a prominent non-GAAP discloser (reporting) sector is still an avid discloser of non-GAAP financial measures.
Loop symmetry of integrable vertex models at roots of unity

It has been recently discovered in the context of the six-vertex or XXZ model in the fundamental representation that new symmetries arise when the anisotropy parameter (q+q−1)/2 is evaluated at roots of unity qN=1. These new symmetries have been linked to an U(A(1)1) invariance of the transfer matrix and the corresponding spin-chain Hamiltonian. In this paper these results are generalized for odd primitive roots of unity to all vertex models associated with trigonometric solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation by invoking representation independent methods which only take the algebraic structure of the underlying quantum groups Uq(g) into account. Here ĝ is an arbitrary Kac–Moody algebra. Employing the notion of the boost operator it is then found that the Hamiltonian and the transfer matrix of the integrable model are invariant under the action of U(g). For the simplest case g=A1(1) the discussion is also extended to even primitive roots of unity.
Fatigue of Tubular Joints: Hot Spot Stress Method Revisited

A series of well-known tubular joints tested in UKSORP II have been re-evaluated using the mesh-insensitive structural stress method as a part of the on-going Battelle Structural Stress JIP efforts. In this report, the structural stress based analysis procedure is first presented for applications in tubular joints varying from simple T joints, double T Joints, YT joints with overlap, and K joints with various internal stiffening configurations. The structural stress based SCFs are then compared with those obtained using traditional surface extrapolation based hot spot stress methods. Their abilities in effectively correlating the fatigue data collected from these tubular joints are demonstrated. These tests are also compared with the T curve typically used for fatigue design of tubular joints as well as the structural stress based master S-N curve adopted by ASME Section VIII Div 2. Finally, some of the implications on fracture mechanics based remaining life assessment for tubular joints are discussed in light of the results obtained in this investigation.
The Variable Jet of the Vela Pulsar

Observations of the Vela pulsar-wind nebula (PWN) with the Chandra X-ray Observatory have revealed a complex, variable PWN structure, including inner and outer arcs, a jet in the direction of the pulsar’s proper motion, and a counter-jet in the opposite direction, embedded in diffuse nebular emission. The jet consists of a bright, 8 ′′ -long inner jet, between the pulsar and the outer arc, and a dim, curved outer jet that extends up to ∼ 100 ′′ in approximately the same direction. From the analysis of thirteen Chandra observations spread over ≈ 2.5 years we found that this outer jet shows particularly stron g variability, changing its shape and brightness. We observed bright blobs in the outer jet moving away from the pulsar with apparent speeds (0.3‐0.6) c and fading on time-scales of days to weeks. If the blobs are carried away by a flow along the jet, the observed variations suggest mildly relativistic flow velocities, ab out (0.3‐0.7) c. The spectrum of the outer jet fits a power-law model with a photon index = 1.3 ± 0.1. For a distance of 300 pc, the apparent average luminosity of the outer jet in the 1‐8 keV band is about 3 × 10 30 erg s -1 , compared to 6 × 10 32 from the whole PWN within 42 ′′ from the pulsar. The X-ray emission of the outer jet can be interpreted as synchrotron radiation of ultrarelativistic electrons/positrons. This interpreta tion allows one to estimate the magnetic field, ∼ 100 µG, maximum energy of X-ray emitting electrons, ∼ 2 × 10 14 eV, and energy injection rate, ∼ 8 × 10 33 erg s -1 , for the outer jet. In the summed PWN image, we see a faint, strongly bent, extension of the outer jet. This bending could be caused by combined action of a wind within the supernova remnant, with a velocity of a few ×10 km s -1 , along with the ram pressure due to the pulsar’s proper motio n. The more extreme bends closer to the pulsar, as well as the apparent side motions of the outer j et, can be associated with kink instabilities of a magnetically confined, pinched jet flow. Another feature fou nd in the summed image is a dim, ∼ 2 ′ -long outer counter-jet, which also shows a power-law spectrum with ≈ 1.2‐1.5. Southwest of the jet/counter-jet (i.e., approximately perpendicular to the direction of pulsar’s p roper motion), an extended region of diffuse emission is seen. Relativistic particles responsible for this radia tion are apparently supplied by the outer jet. Subject headings: ISM: jets and outflows — pulsars: individual (Vela) — stars: n eutron — stars: winds, outflows — supernova remnants: individual (Vela) — X-rays: s tars
Application of Tandem Ring-Closing Enyne Metathesis: Formal Total Synthesis of (—)-Cochleamycin A

A tandem ring-closing metathesis of a silaketal-based dienyne substrate proceeded efficiently to provide a bicyclic siloxane, which upon removal of the silicon tether afforded an (E,Z)-1,3-dienediol. Further manipulation of this key functional motif rendered synthesis of the entire C1−C19 linear skeleton of (−)-cochleamycin A, a late-stage intermediate employed in the previous total synthesis of (+)-cochleamycin A by Roush and co-workers.
Lorentz violation and neutrino oscillations

Lorentz violation naturally leads to neutrino oscillations and provides an alternative mechanism that may explain current data. This contribution to the proceedings of The XXII International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics provides a brief review of possible signals of Lorentz violation in neutrino-oscillation experiments.
Studies of target detection algorithms that use polarimetric radar data

Algorithms are described which make use of polarimetric radar information in the detection and discrimination of targets in a ground clutter background. The optimal polarimetric detector (OPD) is derived. This algorithm processes the complete polarization scattering matrix (PSM) and provides the best possible detection performance from polarimetric radar data. Also derived is the best linear polarimetric detector, the polarimetric matched filter (PMF), and the structure of this detector is related to simple polarimetric target types. New polarimetric target and clutter models are described and used to predict the performance of the OPD and the PME. The performance of these algorithms is compared with that of simpler detectors that use only amplitude information to detect targets. The ability to discriminate between target types by exploring differences in polarimetric properties is discussed. >
Fast algorithms for estimating local image properties

A common task in image analysis is that of measuring image properties within local windows. Often usefulness of these property estimates is determined by characteristics of the windows themselves. Critical factors include the window size and shape, and the contribution the window makes to the cost of computation, A highly efficient procedure for computing property estimates within Gaussian-like windows is described. Estimates are obtained within windows of many sizes simultaneously.
6-Deoxycarbovir: A Xanthine Oxidase Activated Prodrug of Carbovir

Abstract (-)-(cis)-4-(2-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopentenyl carbinol (6-deoxycarbovir) was prepared in order to evaluate prodrug approaches to increased bioavailability of the anti-HIV agent, (-)-carbovir. Incubation experiments demonstrated that 6-deoxycarbovir was rapidly converted to (-)-carbovir by the enzyme, xanthine oxidase. Since xanthine oxidase activity is present in both the intestine and liver, a high first pass conversion to carbovir would be expected in vivo.
NEW SIMPLE SYNTHESIS OF THE HOUSEFLY SEX ATTRACTANT

(1997). NEW SIMPLE SYNTHESIS OF THE HOUSEFLY SEX ATTRACTANT. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 494-496.
Orographic effects during winter cold-air outbreaks over the Sea of Japan (East Sea): Results from a shallow-layer model

Abstract We study the effects of the coastal topography on the western shore of the Sea of Japan (East Sea) on the flow of cold-air coming from the interior during winter cold-air outbreaks. The flow was modeled using a rotating 1– 1 2 shallow-layer model. We consider two cases in detail: a layer constrained to follow the valley north of Vladivostok, the only direct access to the ocean, and a thicker layer able to flow over the coastal range as well. Several interesting phenomena emerge, related to the transition to supercritical flow near topographic features. It is shown that the flow along the Vladivostok valley will detach from the eastern side of the channel to form a jet aligned with the coast southwest of the opening. For the flow over the range, we were able to reproduce some of the features observed from satellite scatterometer wind measurements, such as the wakes (vortex street) in the lee of peaks along the range. Our model supports the existence of a heat-flux center for the formation of deep water southeast of Vladivostok during outbreaks only when the layer is thicker than the coastal range.
SYNTHESIS OF ENANTIOMERICALLY PURE PHOSPHOROTHIOLATE ASSAY SUBSTRATE FOR PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-SPECIFIC PHOSPHOLIPASE C

Abstract An optimized synthesis of enantiopure (2 R )-1,2-dioctanoyloxy- and (2 R )-1,2-dipalmitoyloxypropane-thiophospho-(1D- myo -inositol) is reported starting from R -glycidol and the readily available 1D-1- tert -butyldiphenylsilyl- myo -inositol. The key synthesis of the phosphothiolester bond is carried out by the phosphoramidite chemistry. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Amphotericin B-induced myelopathy.

• Two patients with coccidioidal meningitis experienced transient neurologic deficits shortly after receiving intrathecal injections of amphotericin B. Continuation of treatment eventually led to a severe flaccid paraparesis with a thoracic sensory level in one patient, and a partial Brown-Sequard's syndrome in the other. Myelography was normal in both, with no evidence of arachnoiditis. Autopsy findings in the first patient showed a focal area of necrosis in the left half of the spinal cord consistent with the patient's clinical findings during life. The distribution of the lesion corresponded to the area supplied by a central sulcal artery. Amphotericin B may exert a direct toxic effect on the spinal cord or its vascular supply when given intrathecally. (Arch Intern Med 140:1189-1192, 1980)
Trapping of hydrogen by metallic substitutional impurities in niobium, vanadium, and tantalum

Abstract The elastic interaction of hydrogen with substitutional metallic impurities in niobium, vanadium and tantalum has been calculated using lattice statics. The elastic interaction is found to be attractive at the 1st and 2nd nearest neighboring sites to the impurity if the impurity causes the host lattice to expand and is repulsive at these distances if the impurity contracts the lattice. The electronic interaction energy between hydrogen and substitutional impurities is also estimated using a crude phenomenological model. The electronic interaction is found to be attractive if the metal impurity has an electron deficit with respect to the host, and is repulsive if the impurity has an electron excess. Because of the general relationship between atomic size and number of valence electrons, the two interactions tend to occur in a complementary fashion, giving the “rule of thumb” that impurities to the left of the host in the periodic table trap hydrogen and those to the right do not. It is concluded that elastic and electronic interaction energies both play an important role in determining whether substitutional impurities trap, in marked contrast to the case of interstitial impurities where it has been found that trapping is due primarily to elastic interactions. The effect of substitutional trapping on hydrogen solubility in the host is discussed. It is concluded that trapping has only a secondary effect on solubility changes; rather the primary effect appears to be changes in the host's elastic properties upon addition of the substitutional impurity.
Determination of conductors from Galois module structure

Let E denote an unramified extension of ${{\bf Q}_p}$ , and set $F = E({\zeta_{p^n}})$ for an odd prime p and $n \ge 1$ . We determine the conductors of the Kummer extensions $F({\root p^n \of{a}})$ of F by those elements $a \in F{^{\times}}$ such that $F({\root p^n \of{a}})/E$ is Galois. This follows from a comparison of the Galois module structure of $F{^{\times}}$ with the unit filtration of F.
Rapid construction of isatin derivatives via addition of bis(alkylthio)carbenes to aryl isocyanates

Abstract Thermally induced cyclization between bis(alkylthio)carbenes, derived from the corresponding oxadiazolines, and substituted aryl isocyanates provides access to a variety of isatin derivatives with good efficiency.
Rolling the ‘DICE’: an optimal transition path for controlling greenhouse gases

Abstract Economic analyses of efficient policies to slow climate change require combining economic and scientific approaches. The present study presents a dynamic integrated climate-economy (‘DICE’) model. This model can be used to investigate alternative approaches to slowing climate change. Evaluation of five policies suggest that a modest carbon tax would be an efficient approach to slow global warming, while rigid emissions-stabilization approaches would impose significant net economic costs.
Learning integer lattices

The problem of learning an integer lattice of ${\bf Z}^k $ in an on-line fashion is considered. That is, the learning algorithm is given a sequence of k-tuples of integers and predicts for each tuple in the sequence whether it lies in a hidden target lattice of ${\bf Z}^k $. The goal of the algorithm is to minimize the number of prediction mistakes. An efficient learning algorithm with an absolute mistake bound of $k + \lfloor k\log (n\sqrt k ) \rfloor $ is given, where n is the maximum component of any tuple seen. It is shown that this bound is approximately a $\log \log n$ factor larger than the lower bound on the worst case number of mistakes given by the VC dimension of lattices that are restricted to $\{ - n, \cdots ,0, \cdots ,n \}^k $. This algorithm is used to learn rational lattices, cosets of lattices, an on-line word problem for abelian groups, and a subclass of the commutative regular languages. Furthermore, by adapting the results of [D. Helmbold, R. Sloan, and M. K. Warmuth, Machine Learning...