cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coherent manipulation and decoherence of s=10 single-molecule magnets.

We report coherent manipulation of $S=10$ ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{8}$ single-molecule magnets. The temperature dependence of the spin decoherence time ${T}_{2}$ measured by high-frequency pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance indicates that strong spin decoherence is dominated by ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{8}$ spin bath fluctuations. By polarizing the spin bath in ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{8}$ single-molecule magnets at magnetic field $B=4.6\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{T}$ and temperature $T=1.3\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$, spin decoherence is significantly suppressed and extends the spin decoherence time ${T}_{2}$ to as long as 712 ns. A second decoherence source is likely due to fluctuations of the nuclear spin bath. This hints that the spin decoherence time can be further extended via isotopic substitution to smaller nuclear magnetic moments.
Refinements in XAFS Theory

Refinements in the theory of XAFS (x-ray absorption fine structure) are discussed. These include spherical wave corrections and multiple scattering contributions. The conventional theory, with these refinements included, can be recovered using effective scattering amplitudes, appropriate Debye-Waller factors, and many-body amplitude reduction factors.
Mucin 1 Oncoprotein Blocks Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1α Activation in a Survival Response to Hypoxia

Resistance of carcinoma cells to hypoxic stress is of importance to the growth of solid tumors. The mucin 1 (MUC1) oncoprotein is aberrantly overexpressed by most human carcinomas; however, there is no known relationship between MUC1 and the hypoxic stress response. The present work has demonstrated that MUC1 attenuates activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a regulator of gene transcription in the response of cells to hypoxic stress. In cells with stable gain and loss of MUC1 function, we have shown that MUC1 up-regulates prolyl hydroxylase 3 (PHD3) expression and promotes HIF-1α degradation. PHD activity is attenuated by increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the hypoxic stress response. Our results further demonstrate that MUC1 blocks hypoxia-induced increases in ROS and thereby potentiates PHD-mediated HIF-1α suppression. Importantly, MUC1 also blocks hypoxia-induced apoptosis and necrosis by suppressing accumulation of ROS. These findings indicate that MUC1 attenuates HIF-1α activation in a survival response to hypoxic stress.
Value-based management: Can it be quantified?

To determine more specifically whether values can be quantified, a partnership between decision scientists and qualitatively oriented experts is necessary.
Experimental determination of partition coefficients for rare earth and high-field-strength elements between clinopyroxene, garnet, and basaltic melt at high pressures

Clinopyroxene/melt and garnet/melt partition coefficients have been determined for Ti, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Hf, and rare earth elements from 19 doped experiments on 1921 Kilauea basalt. The experiments were carried out from 2.0 to 3.0 GPa and 1310° to 1470 °C. The purpose was to derive a set of partition coefficients for high-field-strength elements (HFSE) and rare earth elements (REE) in a systematic, linked set of experiments at P and T conditions relevant to basalt petrogenesis. These data are used in melting models to understand the development of negative HFSE anomalies observed in many abyssal peridotite clinopyroxenes. It is shown that melting can account for the observed trace element patterns in some residual peridotites, but that other processes may also be needed to account for most residual mantle compositions in mid-ocean ridge systems. It is also shown that REE are more strongly fractionated by garnet at these P-T conditions than previously thought.
One-pot synthesis of silica-coated magnetic plasmonic tracer nanoparticles

We demonstrate a one-pot procedure to synthesize and embed silver nanoparticles inside silica shells together with iron oxide nanoparticles and Raman reporter molecules, followed by fluorophore attachment to the silica, to form a class of tracer nanoparticles suitable for biological and environmental applications.
STUDIES ON MOUSE LEUKEMIA : XI. METABOLIC EFFECTS OF HOST CONSTITUTION

1. Two highly inbred strains of mice of different genetic constitution (Storrs-Little and C58) were used in a study of the influence of hosts on metabolism of cells of transmissible lymphatic leukemia. The experiments were carried out with leukemic cells of transmission Line I as well as with Line M-liver. About 50 per cent of the Storrs-Little mice were killed by each line of cells at this time, while 100 per cent of the C58 mice were killed. 2. The normal lymphoid tissues of the two strains of mice were significantly the same in regard to rates of oxygen consumption and both aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis. 3. Leukemic cells of Line I, growing in hosts of Strain Storrs-Little, gave significantly lower rates of aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis than when growing in hosts of Strain C58. Oxygen consumption was significantly higher. Leukemic cells of Line M-liver, growing in hosts of Strain Storrs-Little, gave significantly lower rates of aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis than when growing in Strain C58. Oxygen consumption was not significantly different. 4. After one to three passages through hosts of Strain Storrs-Little, the cell lines were returned to hosts of Strain C58, with immediate return to significantly the same metabolic rates originally given by each line in hosts of Strain C58. 5. These results lead to the more general conclusions that: (a) The genetic constitution of the host modifies the metabolism of the cell line. (b) The same host constitution may modify the metabolism of different cell lines in different ways. (c) Host constitution does not appear to modify the inherent constitution of the leukemic cells, but acts as a determining environmental factor on their metabolism.
Three-dimensional neutron source models for toroidal fusion energy systems

Abstract Developments in computer architecture and neutronics code capabilities have enabled high-resolution analysis of complex 3D geometries. Thus, accurately modeling 3D source distributions has become important for nuclear analyses. In this work two methods are described which generate and sample such 3D sources based directly on the plasma parameters of a fusion device and which facilitate the ability to update the neutron source following changes to the plasma physics configuration. The cylindrical mesh method is for toroidally symmetric machines and utilizes data in a standard file format which represents the poloidal magnetic flux on an R–Z grid. The conformal hexahedral mesh method takes plasma physics data generated in an idealized toroidal coordinate system and uses a Jacobian transformation and a functional expansion to generate the source. This work describes each methodology and associated test cases. The cylindrical mesh method was applied to ARIES-RS and the conformal hexahedral mesh method was applied to a uniform torus and ARIES-CS. The results of the test cases indicate that these improved source definitions can have important effects on pertinent engineering parameters, such as neutron wall loading, and should therefore be used for high-resolution nuclear analyses of all toroidal devices.
Historic Preservation and Progrowth Politics in U.S. Cities

The author considers the proposition that a historic preservation strategy helps unify progrowth coalitions. Preservation was facilitated by restructuring development policies in response to the br...
Gender and White College Students' Racial Attitudes

New forms of racial attitudes among whites, including racial resentment, help to uphold institutionalized inequalities in the United States. As a way to dismantle institutionalized forms of racial inequalities, colleges and universities have implemented various curricula and programs designed to expose students to diversity and reduce social inequalities. This study attempts to uncover the extent to which college experiences affect levels of racial resentment among white students, with emphasis on whether the effects differ for women and men. Findings from a representative sample of students at a large Midwestern university revealed that white men showed higher levels of racial resentment than white women and that their attitudes were significantly affected by many college experiences. By contrast, white women are less affected by aspects of their college experience.
AFIT's laboratory test equipment to optimise the integrated communication systems for polish military helicopters

The paper has been intended to present a research/testing tool used in the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) to build, actuate, test, and optimise integrated communication systems as far as both a set of devices the system is composed of and the applied software are concerned. Particular attention has been paid to the so-called integration station (built under the Mi-8, Mi-17, Mi-24 upgrade project), i.e. the laboratory equipment to optimise and unify communication systems integrated on the basis of digital data buses (following the MIL-1553B standard, among other ones). Such equipment has allowed AFIT to integrate new communication devices/systems while upgrading the W-3PL helicopter. Some selected tasks performed with this equipment engaged have been discussed. Also, problems arising while actuating and testing the developed software to integrate communication devices/systems (including digitally controlled radio stations of the RRC, HARRIS, and MR6000 types, communication control panels of the PSŁ-1 type and multifunction displays of the MW-1 type) have been given consideration in the scope of the software functionality and reliability. Presented are also additional monitoring and measuring systems used to test this software, just to mention the M230 rugged laptop computer used to diagnose the system and prepare plans of the radio communication.
It's about time: team-based editing at the American Journal of Public Health.

Public health researchers and practitioners seek to expeditiously publish their findings to share them with the scientific and practice communities, thereby informing the public and advancing public health. In this information age, authors benefit from ever-evolving technology that permits electronic submission of papers at portals around the globe. A corollary is that an ever-increasing multitude of papers now arrive at the American Journal of Public Health (AJPH), many of which are only marginally related to public health or fail to meet minimum criteria for scientific and statistical rigor.1,2 Here we explicate our team-based approach to the screening and review of papers submitted to the AJPH, along with the time required for the process to proceed step-by-step from electronic submission by authors to formal online publication by production staff. Red Gate Garden, Brooklyn, NY, 1999. Gardener: James Williams, Jr. Photographer: Steffi Graham. Printed with permission.
Physiological Correlates of Social Avoidance Behavior in Children and Adolescents With Fragile X Syndrome

Objective To investigate whether eye-gaze avoidance, a striking phenotypic feature in fragile X syndrome (FXS), is associated with high levels of “hyperarousal” during social interactions with others. To date, almost all studies in this area have been confounded by inclusion of task demands in addition to social demands.
An Exploration of Gender Bias in Computer Clip Art

A growing body of literature presenting the results of research regarding text book illustrations indicates that visual gender bias is obvious in several acade mic fields, including business communication. To date, however, no study has extended those observations to clip art files in popular computer programs. The current study examines over 14,000 clip art images for gender bias from six different Windows-based programs: WordPerfect Presentations, PowerPoint 4.0, Microsoft Publisher 2.0, Harvard Graphics 3.0, Power Up!, and Corel 3.0, CD-ROM. Tabulations indicate that only 4.54% of total images depict women and that they are typically presented in stereotypical roles, such as secretaries, nurses, teachers. Reasons include a male bias in the computer science field (a 3:1 ratio in programming), apparent gender-based differences in relationships with machines, and a societal gap in traruitioning between old and new media.
Immunoglobulin E receptor‐activated calcium conductance in rat mast cells.

1. The nystatin perforated-patch method was used to record macroscopic currents from anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) immunoglobulin E (IgE)-sensitized rat basophilic leukaemia (RBL-2H3) cells at 37 degrees C. 2. An inwardly rectifying Ca2+ current (ICa) was activated upon stimulation with the multivalent antigen trinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin (TNP-BSA). Induction of ICa was not observed at room temperature. ICa was reversed and reinduced upon cyclical addition of the monovalent hapten dinitrophenyl (DNP)-lysine and multivalent antigen, indicating that a specific interaction of antigen with IgE was required to elicit ICa. 3. The antigen-induced current was also carried by Ba2+ or Sr2+, and to a lesser extent by Na+, in the nominal absence of Ca2+. ICa did not exhibit time-dependent opening (< or = 1 ms) in response to hyperpolarizing voltage steps to -100 mV, although it did accumulate steady-state inactivation of approximately 40-50% over 100 ms. 4. Two inorganic blockers of antigen-stimulated 45Ca2+ influx and secretion, La3+ and Zn2+, inhibited ICa by approximately 50% at concentrations known to produce 50% block of 45Ca2+ influx. In contrast, cromolyn sodium (0.5 mM) and the L-type Ca2+ channel antagonist nitrendipine (5 microM) had no effect on ICa. 5. ICa also was induced by the intracellular Ca2+ mobilizer thapsigargin. Because the actions of thapsigargin and antigen were not additive, IgE receptor cross-linkage appears to activate the recently described capacitative Ca2+ entry channels.
Mouse model of GM2 activator deficiency manifests cerebellar pathology and motor impairment

The GM2 activator deficiency (also known as the AB variant), Tay–Sachs disease, and Sandhoff disease are the major forms of the GM2 gangliosidoses, disorders caused by defective degradation of GM2 ganglioside. Tay–Sachs and Sandhoff diseases are caused by mutations in the genes (HEXA and HEXB) encoding the subunits of β-hexosaminidase A. The GM2 activator deficiency is caused by mutations in the GM2A gene encoding the GM2 activator protein. For degradation of GM2 ganglioside by β-hexosamindase A, the GM2 activator protein must participate by forming a soluble complex with the ganglioside. In each of the disorders, GM2 ganglioside and related lipids accumulate to pathologic levels in neuronal lysosomes, resulting in clinically similar disorders with an onset in the first year of life, progressive neurodegeneration, and death by early childhood. We previously have described mouse models of Tay–Sachs (Hexa −/−) and Sandhoff (Hexb −/−) diseases with vastly different clinical phenotypes. The Hexa −/− mice were asymptomatic whereas the Hexb −/− mice were severely affected. Through gene disruption in embryonic stem cells we now have established a mouse model of the GM2 activator deficiency that manifests an intermediate phenotype. The Gm2a −/− mice demonstrated neuronal storage but only in restricted regions of the brain (piriform, entorhinal cortex, amygdala, and hypothalamic nuclei) reminiscent of the asymptomatic Tay–Sachs model mice. However, unlike the Tay–Sachs mice, the Gm2a −/− mice displayed significant storage in the cerebellum and defects in balance and coordination. The abnormal ganglioside storage in the Gm2a −/− mice consisted of GM2 with a low amount of GA2. The results demonstrate that the activator protein is required for GM2 degradation and also may indicate a role for the GM2 activator in GA2 degradation.
SIMsim: an end-to-end simulator for the SIM Mission

In this paper we discuss the use of an innovative SIM simulator, called SIMsim, to perform end-to end simulations of the SIM mission. The inputs to the simulator are a physically-based parameterization of the major SIM error sources and the output is the mission astrometric accuracy for various observing scenarios such as narrow-angle (NA) and wide-angle (WA) observations. The primary role of SIMsim is to validate the SIM astrometric error budget (AEB), bit it is also being used to study a variety of mission performance issues as well as being a test-bed for prototype data reduction algorithms. SIMsim is giving us confidence that the SIM AEB is a valid estimate of mission performance. It also is illustrating where analytical formulas for estimating certain effects breakdown and a numerical approach has to be adopted.
Assessing the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loading in the Alabama (USA) River Basin Using PLOAD Model

Pollutant loadings in two watersheds, Mulberry and Catoma were assessed using the pollutant loading (PLOAD) model and model results were compared with those obtained from field sampling followed by laboratory analysis. The PLOAD model was used to determine water pollutants including total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), orthophosphate (PO43-), nitrite (NO2–) and nitrate (NO3–) in two watersheds, Mulberry and Catoma that are part of the Alabama River Basin. Results revealed that both Mulberry and Catoma watersheds had TN and TP values that exceeded the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) limits set for rivers and streams. The TN and TP values were in the range of hypertrophic for lakes, and eutrophic for rivers. The PLOAD model results were in agreement with analytical results. We conclude that PLOAD is a valid model for determining pollutant loading in watersheds and provides a relatively faster and cheaper method of assessing impairment of watershed bodies compared to conventional methods.
Self-deception and self-discovery in fieldwork

This paper shows how fieldwork experiences create a situation in which the researcher and the native reveal their characters in the course of requesting and offering information about the study. The personalities of the fieldworker and the natives help to color and may even define the nature of the interaction. It would be a mistake to ignore the effect of character on the content of studies. Researchers learn about their own strengths and weaknesses as fieldworkers by examining that effect.
Cable Television: Applied Anthropology in a New Town

The article examines the role of the anthropologist in using cable television as a tool of applied anthropology in a new town. The purpose of the project was to give a group of people a new usage for a communications medium. The anthropologist's role was one of a highly specialized advisor and advocate and required knowledge of anthropology, communications, and television news production.
Design and testing of a Self-Mooring AUV

The Virginia Tech Self-Mooring AUV is capable of mooring itself on the seafloor. Its principal mission is to deploy bottom-mounted sensors without the need for a support ship to visit the mooring location. The mooring concept was previously demonstrated using a small-scale prototype. It has, more recently, been transitioned to a full-scale system and successfully demonstrated in the field. In this paper, we document the design of the full-scale vehicle and present results from field trials.
Gas-liquid mass transfer with a tangentially moving interface: Part I. Theory

A theoretical investigation has been made of the effect of a moving interface upon gas-liquid mass transfer, where the control of the mass transfer is entirely within the gas phase and where the control is distributed between the two phases. An analytical model is proposed for laminar interphase mass transfer in infinite media. Computer solutions have been obtained for gas-liquid mass transfer in confined phases. A cocurrent moving interface increases mass transfer confficients over what they would be for the same flow rate without interfacial motion.
Visually lossless JPEG2000 at fractional resolutions

JPEG2000 images with K wavelet decomposition levels inherently support K + 1 spatial resolutions. Other resolutions can be obtained through resampling adjacent native resolution images. In this paper, we propose a method of encoding images that can be decoded at arbitrary resolutions in a visually lossless manner with minimum bitrates. To achieve this, visibility thresholds for resampled quantization distortions are studied, and a technique of applying thresholds that vary with the display resolution is introduced.
Abstract 3719: Simultaneous targeting of ER-stress and PI3K/AKT pathways as novel anticancer and chemosensitization approach against castration resistant prostate cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men in the United States. The recurrence of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a therapeutic challenge. Docetaxel (DTX) - based chemotherapy is the preferred first-line treatment for men with CRPC. However, DTX extends life expectancy by an average of only 2 months and manifests significant systemic toxicities. Hence, there is a need to evaluate safer agents for CRPC, either as an adjunct treatment to decrease DTX doses or as a chronic regimen following DTX treatment to prevent tumor recurrence. Enhanced tumor-specific killing may be achieved by targeting multiple metabolic pathways that are critical to tumor growth and survival. The inherent Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress and PI3K/AKT pathways are crucial survival mechanisms in aggressive tumors, such as CRPCs. We hypothesize that simultaneous induction of ER-stress and suppression of PI3K/AKT pathway by clinically approved drugs, such as Nelfinavir (NFR) and Curcumin (CUR), will be a very effective antitumor and chemosensitization strategy against CRPCs. NFR is a clinically approved HIV-1 protease inhibitor and CUR is a phytochemical used as a safe dietary supplement. Individually, both drugs possess antiproliferative properties against cancer cells and induce severe ER-stress and suppress PI3K/AKT pathways; however, the doses needed are supra-physiological. Therefore, we have investigated whether coexposure to NFR and CUR at physiologically achievable concentrations ( Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3719. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3719
Factors affecting protozoan predation of bacteria clogging laboratory aquifer microcosms

Laboratory aquifer microcosms were used to test the ability of a protozoan predator(Acanthamoeba castellanii) to mitigate reductions in saturated hydraulic conductivity of a porous medium caused by its bacterial prey (Bacillus sp.). Predation was able to prevent clogging and reduced bacterial numbers in the short term in continuous‐flow sand columns inoculated with bacteria and protozoa used to simulate aquifer conditions. However, over the longer term, increased pressure in columns with bacteria and protozoa was similar to control columns inoculated with bacteria alone. Several factors allowed the bacteria to persist and clog the columns in spite of predation. Bacteria were able to migrate from the point of inoculation up a nutrient gradient against flow toward the column inlet, whereas amoebae were not able to migrate. The availability of the bacterial prey was limited by growth of the bacteria in crevices of the sand particles that were not accessible to the amoebae. The availability of bacterial prey ...
Reciprocal specialization in multihost malaria parasite communities of birds: a temperate-tropical comparison.

AbstractHow specialization of consumers with respect to resources varies with respect to latitude is poorly understood. Coexistence of many species in the tropics might be possible only if specialization also increases. Alternatively, lower average abundance of more diverse biotic resources in the tropics might force consumers to become more generalized foragers. We examine levels of reciprocal specialization in an antagonistic system—avian malaria—to determine whether the number of host species used and/or parasite lineages harbored differ between a temperate and a tropical assemblage. We evaluate the results of network analysis, which can incorporate both bird and parasite perspectives on specialization in one quantitative index, in comparison to null models. Specialization was significantly greater in both sample sites than predicted from null models. We found evidence for lower per-host species parasite diversity in temperate compared to tropical birds. However, specialization did not differ between t...
Tamm-Horsfall protein in bladder tissue: morphologic spectrum and clinical significance

Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) is a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein synthesized exclusively by the ascending loop of Henle and the distal tubule of normal kidney. In pathologic conditions, THP may accumulate in renal parenchyma, perirenal soft tissue, or renal hilar lymph nodes. Our recent finding of a cystectomy specimen showing large mural deposits of THP prompted a pertinent literature search, which uncovered only a single article in which THP deposition in bladder is briefly mentioned. In the current study, the clinical and morphologic features of THP were studied in 247 consecutive bladder biopsies and 15 cystectomies obtained in a 1-year period. A total of 18 cases were found (an incidence of 6.9%), with cystectomy specimens being much more frequently affected than biopsy specimens (60 versus 3.6%). Most patients were elderly men (45-78 years, with a mean 61 years; a male/female ratio of 16:2). In seven cases, THP appeared as large, "waxy," pale or weakly eosinophilic masses, so characteristic that the diagnosis could be readily made without any special studies. THP in these cases was strongly positive by periodic acid-Schiff, pale blue on Masson's trichrome stain, and ultrastructurally composed of nonbranching 4-nm-wide fibrils arranged in a parallel fashion. In 11 cases, THP appeared as inconspicuous flecks or interconnecting strands of eosinophilic material obscured by a large amount of adjacent fibrinous exudate or necrotic tissue. In these cases, the PAS and trichrome stains were not always helpful in the diagnosis. Immunostaining using an anti-THP antibody clearly identified even small amounts of THP in all 18 cases. This immunostaining was not only sensitive but also specific, giving a negative result for 64 control cases containing such materials as amyloid, fibrin, dense fibrosis, tissue necrosis, and edema fluid, all of which can potentially simulate THP. Although diagnoses for the specimens with THP were variable (nine transitional cell carcinomas, one squamous cell carcinoma, two nephrogenic adenomas, and five cases of cystitis), the areas where THP was deposited in each of these cases invariably showed necrosis, inflammation, fibrinous exudate, ulcer, or crystalline material. The mechanism for THP precipitation is not clear but is probably related to the mucosal changes, including inflammation and necrosis, which is always seen in areas of THP deposition. Follow-up study did not show any bladder abnormalities pertinent to THP deposition. In summary, THP is frequently seen in bladder tissue and most probably represents an incidental finding of morphologic interest but of no clinical significance.
Norepinephrine inhibits calcium-dependent potentials in rat sympathetic neurons

Norepinephrine reversibly antagonizes three calcium-dependent potentials recorded from rat postganglionic neurons. Norepinephrine inhibits the development of a shoulder on the aciton potential, the magnitude of the hyperpolarizing afterpotential, and the rate of rise and amplitude of the calcium spike. The action of norepinephrine is antagonized by the alpha-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine, but not by MJ 1999, a beta-adrenergic antagonist. These results suggest that activation of an alpha-adrenergic receptor may antagonize a voltage-sensitive calcium current.
Anoxic brain injury following near-drowning in children. Rehabilitation outcome: three case reports.

Primary objective: To describe the outcome of near-drowning and rehabilitation contexts for recovery.Methods and procedures: Standardized measures were used to emphasize the functional impact of deficits over the first year post-injury in three children <2 years. Multimodal contexts for meaningful interplay were early adapted to the three cases.Main outcomes and results: The clinical pathways of recovery are identified. Initially all three cases manifested a generalized dystonia. Case 1 exhibited a good outcome with transient dyskinetic-dystonic syndrome; subsequently Balint's syndrome emerged. In this case, the rehabilitation approach was organized on the pickup of direct perception of task-specific affordances. Cases 2 and 3 had poor outcomes presenting the worsening of torsion dystonia (status dystonicus) that hindered rehabilitation intervention.Conclusions: The dynamic reaggregation of spatial organization through meaningful interaction in specific ecological contexts is the principal goal of rehabil...
Health-related stigma as a determinant of functioning in young adults with narcolepsy

Symptoms of narcolepsy tend to arise during adolescence or young adulthood, a formative time in human development during which people are usually completing their education and launching a career. Little is known about the impact of narcolepsy on the social aspects of health-related quality of life in young adults. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between health-related stigma, mood (anxiety and depression) and daytime functioning in young adults with narcolepsy compared to those without narcolepsy. Young adults (age 18–35) with narcolepsy (N = 122) and without narcolepsy (N = 93) were mailed a packet that included questionnaires and a self-addressed postage paid envelope. The questionnaire included demographic information and a composite of instruments including the SF 36, Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ), Fife Stigma Scale (FSS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Variable associations were assessed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U Test, correlations, stepwise multiple regression and path analysis. Young adults with narcolepsy perceived significantly more stigma and lower mood and health-related quality of life than young adults without narcolepsy (p<0.01). Health-related stigma was directly and indirectly associated with lower functioning through depressed mood. Fifty-two percent of the variance in functioning was explained by the final model in the young adults with narcolepsy. Health-related stigma in young adults with narcolepsy is at a level consistent with other chronic medical illnesses. Health-related stigma may be an important determinant of functioning in young adults with narcolepsy. Future work is indicated toward further characterizing stigma and developing interventions that address various domains of stigma in people with narcolepsy.
Calcium content of rat fast and slow muscle after denervation

Abstract 1. 1. Muscle weights and calcium contents after denervation were examined in rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscle. 2. 2. An initial modest increase in EDL and SOL wet weight occurs following which atrophy to about 33% control weight occurs within one month. 3. 3. Dry weight does not increase but begins to decrease on the second day after denervation. 4. 4. EDL calcium content remains constant for the first ten days following which it decreases for two weeks then returns to control values. 5. 5. SOL calcium content increased in the first two weeks then remains at control values. 6. 6. Since calcium content remains constant but wet weight decreased markedly an apparent increase in calcium concentration occurs.
Changes in sediment composition during seasonal resuspension in small shallow dimictic inland lakes

Abstract Resuspension at Edinboro Lake, Pennsylvania, USA, and East Twin Lake, Ohio, USA, was studied with the aid of sediment traps with special time-marking capabilities. Resuspension resulted from both seasonal holomictic circulation and from continual entrainment of material from the shallow portions of the lake by the circulating epilimnion. Rainstorms appeared to have negligible effects on trapping rates. Trapping rates varied widely through the year with minimum sedimentation rates noted at time of winter ice cover, and maximum rates noted during autumn circulation. Most material collected by the sediment traps was material which had been resuspended from the lake bottom. The process of resuspension was active through almost the entire year, with the exception being the time period under winter ice cover. Compositional variations in the suspended sediment are seasonal and include enrichment of Si in winter, Ca, P, S, Mg, Na, Zn, Ni, and Cr in summer, and Mn (and to a lesser extent Fe and Al) in late summer and autumn. The sediment is generally enriched in detrital minerals during spring and autumn and in amorphous mineraloids (mainly diatomaceous silica in winter and complex particles containing Ca, P, S, and some Fe and Mn in summer) during times of reduced circulation. Endogenic minerals include calcite, pyrite, and possibly some kaolinite. Most of the mineral fraction present is detrital. Trap sample differs in composition from bottom sediment, but samples collected in traps in early winter closely resemble bottom material. Trapping rates in early winter appear closest to true rates of fill.
Leveling Tenure Locating Tenure and Other Controversies

This article delineates the four most significant areas of potential tenure reform. The author offers the strengths and weaknesses of each proposal and provides examples of why such suggestions have been made and what has occurred. The article concludes with an alternative suggestion about how to solve some of the problems that currently exist in the academy that does not necessitate changing tenure.
An extinct juglandaceous fruit from the Upper Palaeocene of southern England

A new genus of juglandaceous winged fruit, is described from the Reading Beds (Upper Palaeocene) of southern England. It comprises one of the earlier macrofossil records of the Juglandaceae, and is the earliest from the European Tertiary. The fruit represents an extinct genus related to the extant tribe Engelhardieae, but excluded from it by its simple unlobed bract. Cladistic analysis shows Casholdia to display generalized engelhardioid fruit morphology. It lacks the tri-lobed bract diagnostic of the Engelhardieae, and predates the first occurrence of such bracts in the fossil record. Casholdia adds to the mounting evidence indicating an early Palaeogene radiation of the Juglandaceae.
On Operations for Hochschild Homology

This note gives a geometric description of the lambda operations for Hochschild homology of a commutative algebra as defined in [G-S] and [Lo2].
High-speed optical frequency-domain imaging

We demonstrate high-speed, high-sensitivity, high-resolution optical imaging based on optical frequency-domain interferometry using a rapidly-tuned wavelength-swept laser. We derive and show experimentally that frequency-domain ranging provides a superior signal-to-noise ratio compared with conventional time-domain ranging as used in optical coherence tomography. A high sensitivity of -110 dB was obtained with a 6 mW source at an axial resolution of 13.5 microm and an A-line rate of 15.7 kHz, representing more than an order-of-magnitude improvement compared with previous OCT and interferometric imaging methods.
Long-term results of a smoking reduction program.

Introduction There have been few comprehensive evaluations of smoking reduction, especially in health care delivery systems, and little is known about its cost, maintenance of reduced smoking, or robustness across patient subgroups. Methods A generally representative sample of 320 adult smokers from an HMO scheduled for outpatient surgery or a diagnostic procedure was randomized to enhanced usual care or a theory-based smoking reduction intervention that combined telephone counseling and tailored newsletters. Outcomes included cigarettes smoked, carbon monoxide levels, and costs. Results Both intervention and control conditions continued to improve from 3- to 12-month assessments. Between-condition differences using intent-to-treat analyses on both self-report and carbon monoxide measures were nonsignificant by the 12-month follow-up (25% vs. 19% achieved 50% or greater reductions in cigarettes smoked). The intervention was implemented consistently despite logistical constraints and was generally robust across patient characteristics (eg, education, ethnicity, health literacy, dependence). Conclusions In the absence of nicotine replacement therapy, the long-term effects of this smoking reduction intervention seem modest and nonsignificant. Future research is indicated to enhance intervention effects and conduct more comprehensive economic analyses of program variations.
Propagation of surface waves at the planar interface of a columnar thin film and an isotropic substrate

Surface-wave propagation at the planar interface of a columnar thin film (CTF) -- a biaxial dielectric medium -- and an isotropic dielectric substrate may occur over a narrow range of propagation directions, range being dependent on (i) the bulk matgerial that is evaporated to deposit the CTF, (ii) the vapor incidence angle used for the deposition, and (iii) the refractive index of the substrate material.
Mechanism for Detecting Partially Husked Macadamia Nuts

Abstract A method was found to detect partially husked macadamia nuts. The device consists of a single incline plane which can separate unhusked nuts from husked nuts with correct classification of 90% of the husked nuts; 100% of the partially husked nuts; and 80% of the unhusked nuts. When the correct classification for partially husked and unhusked nuts approaches 100%, the correct classification of husked nuts is only 50%. The effects of the operating parameters on correct classification near optimal operating conditions were determined. A design change is proposed to improve performance.
Nurses' Perceptions of Administrative Social Support

A meta-analysis of 125 nurses in three types of nursing roles investigated whether these nurses received social support from their administrators, the types of social support received, and whether more or less social support from these managers was desired. The Arizona Social Support Interview Schedule (ASSIS) was used to assess these questions. Results showed that home health nurses received social participation and physical assistance, whereas staff nurses received positive feedback and physical assistance. Nursing faculty received little support from their managers. Social exchange theory predicts that intangibles such as social support should exist in equitable relationships. It is possible that the difference in the nurses' and administrators' statuses and power levels affected staff nurses' results. Mental health clinical nurse specialists can use these results to help nurses understand their work relationships.
Effects of controlled-release fertilizer on root and shoot growth of Cotoneaster divaricata Rehd. & Wils.

Abstract Semi-hardwood cuttings of Cotoneaster divaricata grown in 926 cm3-containers were top-dressed with controlled-release Osmocote (18.0 N-2.6 P-10.0 K) at levels of 0, 2, 3 or 6 g/l of container. Optimum shoot and root growth was obtained at 2 g/l. Applications of controlled-release fertilizer significantly increased foliar N and P concentration, but not foliar K. The most desirable shoot-to-root ratio occurred at 2 g/l.
Antipsychotic Medications, Psychological Side Effects and Treatment Engagement

Patient complaints of antipsychotic-induced apathy, emotional indifference, mental “fogginess,” “blankness,” and “clouding,” among others, are undoubtedly familiar to practicing psychiatric clinici...
Epilepsy: Improving care for patients with epilepsy.

Quality of care for patients with epilepsy can be variable. The American Academy of Neurology has recently published measures to guide physicians during treatment of epilepsy patients. Are these considerations enough to provide optimal care?
SU-E-J-175: A Patient-Specific 4D Digital Phantom for Dynamic Dose Estimation of External Ionizing Radiation.

Purpose: To develop a realistic yet flexible 4D digital phantom based on patient anatomy for dynamic estimation of organdoses due to external ionizing radiation.Methods: In this work, we propose to build a 4D digital phantom based on patient CT anatomy and time‐tagged CT information. A regional 4D‐CT is first acquired on the patient around lesion with a RPM system. By binning CT information at various phases of respiratory motion, we can create a regional 4D phantom. By applying non‐uniform rational B‐spline (NURBS) surface technology, we can easily accommodate the size‐specific and gender‐specific differences in the organ shapes and body contours, often observed during a long course of radiotherapy treatments. Based on the ICRP reference phantoms, we can extend the patient‐specific 4D regional phantom into a 4D whole‐body phantom unique to each patient. The resultant 4D phantom will serve as the digital representative of the patient himself or herself in the virtual environment and is ready for Monte Carlo particle transport. Results: Considering the newborn skin thickness (0.663 mm), 0.5 mm is defined as the maximum voxel resolution available in our 4D digital phantom. The resultant 4D digital phantom is essentially a high‐resolution voxel phantom (with voxel dimensions down to 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm) capable of non‐uniform scaling of organs and body contours based on NURBS surface technology. Conclusions: It is feasible to build a 4D patient‐specific digital phantom suitable for Monte Carlo radiation transport simulation. With a digital phantom for each patient, an accurate estimation of the organdoses in 4D will be made possible, which will contribute to a better tumorcontrol because of the detailed knowledge of dose distributions in patient anatomy not only spatially but also temporally. The proposed 4D phantom will also allow for deformable dose registration for adaptive radiotherapy.
Virtual Warrensburg: Using Cooperative Learning and the Internet in the Social Studies Classroom

The author discusses how high school social studies teachers can have their students investigate local history topics and share their findings by producing Web pages, using a cooperative learning structure. The author discusses his firsthand experiences using this approach with high school students at Warrensburg High School. He emphasizes the need to rethink how technology is being used in the social studies classroom—in particular, by having students share their local history findings with others beyond the walls of the classroom rather than being passive learners with the Internet. In addition, he emphasizes the benefits of having students work together to collaboratively construct knowledge using technology—specifically, by using the PIES cooperative learning structure to ensure there is positive interdependence, individual accountability, equal participation, and simultaneous interaction among group members. Examples of Web pages, produced by his students using the PIES cooperative learning structure...
Object-oriented data model for skeletal development

This paper describes our research toward the development of an intelligent database management system that supports queries based on image content, queries based on evolutionary processes, and queries that use imprecise medical terms. We use an extended object-oriented data model that includes novel temporal and evolutionary modeling constructs. Our initial clinical application concentrates on characterizing the development of the human hand. Our data model demonstrates the need for medical scientific databases to include the concepts of object life spans, object creation (e.g., bone ossification centers), the fusion of objects (e.g., metaphysis and epiphysis), the fission of an object, the gross transformation of object properties, and object inheritance involving entities that exist in various time- space domains.
Synthesis and evaluation of 18F labeled alanine derivatives as potential tumor imaging agents.

Abstract Introduction This paper reports the synthesis and labeling of 18 F alanine derivatives. We also investigate their biological characteristics as potential tumor imaging agents mediated by alanine–serine–cysteine preferring (ASC) transporter system. Methods Three new 18 F alanine derivatives were prepared from corresponding tosylate-precursors through a two-step labeling reaction. In vitro uptake studies to evaluate and to compare these three analogs were carried out in 9L glioma and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines. Potential transport mechanisms, protein incorporation and stability of 3-(1-[ 18 F]fluoromethyl)-L-alanine (L-[ 18 F]FMA) were investigated in 9L glioma cells. Its biodistribution was determined in a rat-bearing 9L tumor model. PET imaging studies were performed on rat bearing 9L glioma tumors and transgenic mouse carrying spontaneous generated M/tomND tumor (mammary gland adenocarcinoma). Results New 18 F alanine derivatives were prepared with 7%–34% uncorrected radiochemical yields, excellent enantiomeric purity (>99%) and good radiochemical purity (>99%). In vitro uptake of the L-[ 18 F]FMA in 9L glioma and PC-3 prostate cancer cells was higher than that observed for the other two alanine derivatives and [ 18 F]FDG in the first 1h. Inhibition of cell uptake studies suggested that L-[ 18 F]FMA uptake in 9L glioma was predominantly via transport system ASC. After entering into cells, L-[ 18 F]FMA remained stable and was not incorporated into protein within 2h. In vivo biodistribution studies demonstrated that L-[ 18 F]FMA had relatively high uptake in liver and kidney. Tumor uptake was fast, reaching a maximum within 30min. The tumor-to-muscle, tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-brain ratios at 60min post injection were 2.2, 1.9 and 3.0, respectively. In PET imaging studies, tumors were visualized with L-[ 18 F]FMA in both 9L rat and transgenic mouse. Conclusion L-[ 18 F]FMA showed promising properties as a PET imaging agent for up-regulated ASC transporter associated with tumor proliferation.
Enhanced Religiosity Following Illness? Assessing Evidence of Religious Consolation Among Black and White Americans

This study assesses variation among Black and White Americans in the impact of ill-health on public and subjective religiosity. It is the first longitudinal assessment of race-based variation in “religious consolation.” The under-explored consolation thesis anticipates ill-health influencing religiosity rather than the reverse, with religiosity functioning as a coping resource marshaled by the ill. Effects across races of physical ill-health indicators (chronic illnesses and impaired functioning) on religiosity outcomes are the main focus; but across-race variation in psychological distress-induced “consolation” is also assessed. Findings yield only limited evidence of consolation in each race, and restricted variation across races: Change in impaired functioning slightly enhances Whites’ subjective religiosity; but that effect does not significantly eclipse the impact among Blacks. There is no evidence of physical illness-induced consolation among Blacks; and the proposition that Blacks are more inclined toward consolation than Whites is affirmed only for psychological distress. There are no signs in either race that consolation is intensified by aging or higher religiosity, and no significant across-race differentials in effects of these illness-age and illness-religiosity interactions on subsequent religiosity. The multi-population model utilizes Americans’ Changing Lives data.