cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toward Expanding What Counts as Language for Latina and Latino Youth in an Urban Middle School Classroom

In this article, we report findings from a yearlong design research project that worked to leverage the language brokering skills of Latina/Latino middle school youth in an urban school setting. We began the project by asking seventh-grade students to talk about the many languages they speak in their daily lives. Throughout the project, their teacher, Ms. Reyes, drew on youths’ tacit understandings of language to engage them, metalinguistically, in learning activities that went beyond classroom activities, with specific attention to the various ways language is used to persuade different audiences across contexts. We concluded with documenting their reflections on the project and their understandings of their language use. We share data of transcripts from focus group discussions between four students. Findings revealed that student’s tacit understandings about language fell into four categories, “language of respect,” “diverse ways of speaking,” “what they learned” about language, and an emerging sense o...
Automated Variant Test Program Generator (Manufacturing Technologies)

This paper relates to the field of test program generation. The presence of multiple tester platforms in production testing has created a scenario whereby different tools are required to generate the test programs on different tester architecture and complexity. This caused multiple test program development effort, test content inconsistency and divergence. The need for a single tool that can support the multiple different requirements, such as multiple Intel tester libraries on different platforms such as structural, functional, mixed signal or radio frequency testing, new product requirements such as mix signal, multiple cores and high speed digital testing becomes apparent.
Detecting malicious campaigns in crowdsourcing platforms

Crowdsourcing systems enable new opportunities for requesters with limited funds to accomplish various tasks using human computation. However, the power of human computation is abused by malicious requesters who create malicious campaigns to manipulate information in web systems such as social networking sites, online review sites, and search engines. To mitigate the impact and reach of these malicious campaigns to targeted sites, we propose and evaluate a machine learning based classification approach for detecting malicious campaigns in crowdsourcing platforms as a first line of defense. Specifically, we (i) conduct a comprehensive analysis to understand the characteristics of malicious campaigns and legitimate campaigns in crowdsourcing platforms, (ii) propose various features to distinguish between malicious campaigns and legitimate campaigns, and (iii) evaluate a classification approach against baselines. Our experimental results show that our proposed approaches effectively detect malicious campaigns with low false negative and false positive rates.
Anxiety genetics: Dispatches from the frontier

Anxiety disorders are the most common class of psychiatric disorders and incur an enormous burden in terms of economic costs, disability and personal suffering. Despite their public health importance and documented heritability, genetic research aimed at identifying the genetic contributions to these disorders has had limited success, particularly in comparison to recent advances in the genetics of other major psychiatric disorders. The major factor contributing to this lagging progress has been a dearth of well-powered genomic studies. As a result, the genetic basis of anxiety disorders remains a largely uncharted frontier. In this Special Issue, we bring together dispatches from this frontier, reflecting a range of strategies being pursued including genomewide common variant association studies, exome sequencing, genetic prediction of treatment response, cross-disorder genetic epidemiology, and the prospects for dissecting underlying anxiety domains using the RDoC framework. Overall, these efforts underscore the genetic and phenotypic complexity of pathologic anxiety and the urgent need for more powerful and comprehensive analyses if we are to make real progress in advancing this important frontier. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Putting It All Together: Theories of Desistance from Crime

Why do certain factors seem to be related to desistance and not others? Why do some people desist earlier than others? Just why is it that marriage is associated with a change in life-course trajectories? After all the research that has focused on desistance, finding correlates, and uncovering narratives associated with behavioral change, researchers have yet to figure out why (or if) marriage causally impacts crime. This chapter focuses on theories and perspectives developed in criminology to explain desistance from crime. As will be seen, researchers (in social and biological sciences) have developed a plethora of explanations in order to better understand what desistance is and why it happens. For ease of presentation, Rocque discusses the theories in six categories: (1) pure age; (2) cognitive or neurological; (3) rational choice; (4) personality or psychosocial; (5) identity/cognitive transformation; and (6) social process theories.
The role for ketogenic diets in epilepsy and status epilepticus in adults.

Abstract Ketogenic diet (KD) therapies are high fat, low carbohydrate diets designed to mimic a fasting state. Although studies demonstrate KD's success in reducing seizures stretching back nearly a century, the last 25years have seen a resurgence in diet therapy for the management of drug-resistant epilepsy in children as well as adults. With ≥50% seizure reduction efficacy rates in adults of 22–55% for the classic KD and 12–67% for the modified Atkins diet, diet therapy may be in many instances comparable to a trial of an additional anti-epileptic medication and potentially with fewer side effects and other health benefits. Moreover, ketogenic diets offer promising new adjunctive strategies for the treatment of acute status epilepticus in the intensive care setting. Here, we review the efficacy and utility of ketogenic diets for the management of chronic epilepsy and refractory status epilepticus in adults and offer practical guidelines for diet implementation and maintenance.
Ostracode Biostratigraphy and Paleoecology of the Pliocene of the Isthmian Salt Basin, Veracruz, Mexico

A detailed systematic and cluster analysis study of samples from the Pliocene of the Isthmian Salt Basin, Veracruz, Mexico, shows characteristic ostracode assemblages for the Encanto, Lower and Upper Concepcion, and Agueguexquite strata, and a shallowing-upward trend during the Pliocene. The Encanto strata, the oldest unit (NI9 or upper NI8), are characterized by Ambocythere spp., Argilloecia posterotruncata, Bradleya norrnani, Krithe trinidadensis and Parakrithe spp., indicating a middle to upper bathyal environment. The Lower and Upper Concepcion beds (N19- 20) can be recognized by the presence of Actinocythereis vineyardensis. Touroconcha lapidiscola, and the abundance of Hulingsina sp. 1, Henryhowella ex. gr. asperrima, and Puriana spp. Encanto species persisting in the Lower Concepcion beds indicate an upper bathyal to outer neritic environment. The Upper Concepcion beds lack these species but instead possess abundant Cyprideis and Perissocytheridea spp., Basslerites? sp., Malzella conradi and Echinocythereis margaritifera. The Upper Concepcion assemblage indicates an outer to middle shelf environment. The Filisola and Paraje Solo samples were barren of ostracodes. Their foraminiferal and mollusk fauna indicates nearshore and brackish environments. The Paraje Solo may be in part contemporaneous to the Agueguexquite. The Agueguexquite strata contain the youngest (middle N20), most abundant, and diverse fauna, indicating an inner neritic environment of deposition and representing a local marine transgression of short duration in the northern part of the basin. By upper Agueguexquite time brackish and continental conditions returned.
In Reply: Anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation.

I appreciate Dr. Henning’s letter in response to my editorial.[1][1] Indeed, Dr. Eckman’s Atrial Fibrillation Decision Support Tool (AFDST) is useful for determining quality-adjusted life expectancy on or off anticoagulation, and could possibly help with shared decision-making in regard to
Antithrombotic therapy in 2017: Advances in atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, and valvular disease.

In 2017, several high-impact studies in thrombosis were published. Refinements were made in the optimal therapy for patients with stable atherosclerosis or with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Risk scores to determine duration of antiplatelet therapy were developed. The potential risk of subclinical valve leaflet thrombosis was identified.
Male genitourinary reconstruction and trauma.

On behalf of all the contributing authors, we are excited to extend this focused issue in Translational Andrology and Urology ( TAU ) on new updates in male genitourinary (GU) reconstruction and trauma.
Conversational Agents to Provide Couple Therapy for Patients with PTSD

Conversational agents (CAs) like Amazon Alexa can potentially enable a new way to deliver therapy to patients with serious mental illnesses. Specifically, they can be used to provide support for real-time family therapy and interventions in a scalable way. However, this requires significant changes in traditional therapeutic content since interaction with CAs is fundamentally different than reading or using eHealth applications. In this work, we aim to identify challenges in adapting a clinically validated therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) to conversational agents. Specifically, we describe our initial design and development process to use Amazon Alexa to deliver Cognitive-Behavioral Conjoint Therapy (CBCT) for PTSD. Our initial design process resulted in an interaction model that emphasizes short dialogues and interactivity. This design process and interaction model can potentially be useful for future studies focusing on using conversational agents for therapeutic content delivery.
Teacher Efficacy Calibration in Education Reform: When Highly Efficacious Teachers Don't Spell “Implement”

This article provides a theoretical conceptualization of teacher efficacy calibration to explain instances when highly efficacious teachers fail to implement the pedagogical innovations prescribed ...
Aqua­chloro(1,4,8,11-tetra­aza­un­decane)­nickel(II) chloride

The title compound, [NiCl(C7H20N4)(H2O)]Cl, has the Ni atom in a distorted octahedral coordination with the four amino N atoms occupying a square plane while the chloro and aqua ligands occupy the axial positions. The Ni—N bond distances range from 2.079 (1) to 2.088 (2) A.
Obesity Hypoventilation: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

This is a review of the current understanding of the pathophysiology behind the development of daytime hypercapnia in a subset of obese patients. It provides an overview of the recent evidence to guide physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). OHS results from a complex interplay between obesity-related changes in respiratory mechanics, sleep-disordered breathing, changes in central ventilatory drive, and neurohormonal changes. Diagnosis is important given the associated morbidity, but reliance on a single measurement of PaCO2 on the arterial blood gas has been questioned. Positive airway pressure (PAP) has been shown to improve gas exchange, sleep-disordered breathing, and symptoms in OHS, and is an effective therapy. More recent studies have not shown bilevel positive airway pressure or volume-targeted pressure support to be superior to CPAP in treating stable OHS, but NIV treatment studies are limited by variability in the settings used. The development of daytime hypercapnia in a subset of obese patients is multifactorial. Phenotyping OHS patients can allow for individualization of therapies. Further long-term longitudinal studies exploring varying severities and clinical phenotypes of OHS are needed. There is also a need for additional studies to guide providers on the optimal PAP settings in OHS.
Laser-Induced-Modification Raman Spectroscopy for Probing Microscopic Structural Variation Beyond Conventional Techniques: CZTSe as an Example

Laser-induced-modification Raman spectroscopy coupled with high spatial resolution is demonstrated to obtain additional structure information beyond what the conventional techniques offer, revealing microscopic scale variation between nominally similar alloys. CZTSe films are used as examples. © 2019 The Author(s)
Pregnancy rates to fixed-time AI in Bos indicus-influenced beef cows using PGF2α with (Bee Synch I) or without (Bee Synch II) GnRH at the onset of the 5-day CO-Synch + CIDR protocol.

Abstract Objectives were to 1) characterize fixed-time AI (FTAI) pregnancy rates using the 5-Day CO-Synch + CIDR protocol in mature, suckled Bos indicus-influenced beef cows, 2) compare FTAI pregnancy rates in the latter to a modified version (5-Day Bee Synch + CIDR; Bee Synch I) that included treatment with prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) at CIDR insertion on Day 0, and 3) test the hypothesis that elimination of both GnRH-1 at the onset of synchronization and the double dose of PGF on Day 5 (Bee Synch II) would not reduce FTAI pregnancy rates compared to Bee Synch I. For Experiment 1-trial 1, Brahman x Hereford (F-1) cows (n = 168) at least 40 d postpartum (PP; r = 40–92 d) at the time of CIDR insertion were administered the 5-Day CO-Synch + CIDR protocol with FTAI at 72 h after CIDR removal. Pregnancy rates to FTAI averaged 34.9 ± 1.9%. In Experiment 1-trial 2, fall- and spring-breeding Brahman x Hereford (F-1) beef cows (n = 269) were stratified by days PP and assigned randomly to receive either the 5-Day CO-Synch + CIDR (n = 136) or Bee Synch I (n = 133) protocol, with FTAI at 66 h after CIDR removal. Pregnancy rate to FTAI was greater (P
Association of atypical antipsychotics and mortality for patients hospitalised with pneumonia.

Introduction Atypical antipsychotics are commonly used in patients with psychiatric conditions and dementia. They are also frequently used in patients being admitted with pneumonia; however, there are few safety data. The purpose of this study was to examine whether atypical antipsychotic use prior to admission is associated with increased mortality in patients with pneumonia. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of hospitalised patients with pneumonia over a 10-year period. We included patients 65 years or older and hospitalised with pneumonia. For our primary analysis, we used propensity score matching to balance confounders between atypical antipsychotic users and nonusers. Results There were 102 897 patients and 5977 were taking atypical antipsychotics. After matching there were 5513 users and 5513 nonusers. Atypical antipsychotic use was associated with increased odds of 30-day (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.11–1.31) and 90-day mortality (1.19, 1.09–1.30). Conclusion In patients 65 years or older that are hospitalised with pneumonia, we found an association between atypical antipsychotic use and increased odds of mortality. This was particularly pronounced for patients with pre-existing psychiatric or cardiac conditions. We suggest closely monitoring patients who use these medications and minimising their use in older adult patients.
THE GAP BETWEEN RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE FOR INJURY PREVENTION IN ELITE SPORT: A CLINICAL COMMENTARY

As clinicians strive to apply evidence-based principles, team-based practitioners have identified a large gap as it relates to published research, ideal applications of evidence-based practice, and actual clinical practice related to injury prevention in elite sport within the United States. For rehabilitation professionals, especially those intimately involved in the research of injury prevention, the solution often seems quite clear and defined. However, preventing injury by implementing the latest recommendation from the most recent prospective study on the using the FIFA 11 + warm-up, a Copenhagen Adduction exercise, or a plyometric drill with elite athletes may not be as effective as was seen among the cohort used in the study. In addition to extrapolating research, clinicians face additional challenges such as variance among professions, schedule density, and off-season contacts with athletes. There is an inherent difficulty in the application of research to practice in elite sport as it relies on the teamwork of not only the practitioner and athlete, but the entire sporting organizational structure and those involved in athlete participation. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to explore the difficulty with application of research in clinical practice and to discuss potential strategies for improving carry over from research to clinical practice.
The Repair of Trust: A Dynamic Bi-Lateral Perspective and Multi-Level Conceptualization

This paper investigates the repair of trust by examining the cognitive and interpersonal processes through which people resolve differences in their interpersonal beliefs. It begins by discussing the phenomenon of trust, the ease with which trust can be violated, and the challenge of trust repair. It then draws on numerous literatures to develop a multi-level conceptualization of how trust repair may be pursued. Finally, it integrates these insights to identify three overarching implications for research.
Exploring Student Teachers' 'Stuck Moments': Affect[ing] the Theory-Practice Gap in Social Justice Teacher Education.

This article attends to student teachers’ ‘stuck moments,’ or emotional moments of crisis, in a social justice-oriented teacher education program (SJTE). It seeks to problematise the familiar tende...
The monoclonal antibody combination REGEN-COV protects against SARS-CoV-2 mutational escape in preclinical and human studies.

Monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are a clinically validated therapeutic option against COVID-19. Because rapidly emerging virus mutants are becoming the next major concern in the fight against the global pandemic, it is imperative that these therapeutic treatments provide coverage against circulating variants and do not contribute to development of treatment-induced emergent resistance. To this end, we investigated the sequence diversity of the spike protein and monitored emergence of virus variants in SARS-COV-2 isolates found in COVID-19 patients treated with the two-antibody combination REGEN-COV, as well as in preclinical in vitro studies using single, dual, or triple antibody combinations, and in hamster in vivo studies using REGEN-COV or single monoclonal antibody treatments. Our study demonstrates that the combination of non-competing antibodies in REGEN-COV provides protection against all current SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern/interest and also protects against emergence of new variants and their potential seeding into the population in a clinical setting.
Multivalent interactions with RNA drive RNA binding protein recruitment and dynamics in biomolecular condensates in Xenopus oocytes

RNA localization and biomolecular condensate formation are key biological strategies for organizing the cytoplasm and generating cellular and developmental polarity. While enrichment of RNAs and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) is a hallmark of both processes, the functional and structural roles of RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interactions within condensates remain unclear. Recent work from our laboratory has shown that RNAs required for germ layer patterning in Xenopus oocytes localize in novel biomolecular condensates, termed Localization bodies (L-bodies). L-bodies are composed of a non-dynamic RNA phase enmeshed in a more dynamic protein-containing phase. However, the interactions that drive the biophysical characteristics of L-bodies are not known. Here, we test the role of RNA-protein interactions using an L-body RNA-binding protein, PTBP3, which contains four RNA-binding domains (RBDs). We find that binding of RNA to PTB is required for both RNA and PTBP3 to be enriched in L-bodies in vivo. Importantly, while RNA binding to a single RBD is sufficient to drive PTBP3 localization to L-bodies, interactions between multiple RRMs and RNA tunes the dynamics of PTBP3 within L-bodies. In vitro, recombinant PTBP3 phase separates into non-dynamic structures in an RNA-dependent manner, supporting a role for RNA-protein interactions as a driver of both recruitment of components to L-bodies and the dynamics of the components after enrichment. Our results point to a model where RNA serves as a concentration-dependent, non-dynamic substructure and multivalent interactions with RNA are a key driver of protein dynamics.
Physical Educators’ Attitudes Toward the Teaching Profession and Perceptions of School Climate

Teachers’ attitudes and enthusiasm about teaching are characteristics of effective teachers, and these characteristics affect student achievement. This study compared self-reported perspectives of secondary public school physical education (PE) teachers to all other secondary public school teachers regarding (a) attitudes toward the profession of teaching, (b) perceptions of their school climate and working environment, (c) job satisfaction, and (d) general characteristics and job responsibilities. Data were collected from a nationally representative sample of public school teachers in the United States. This study used descriptive statistics to describe secondary teachers’ perceptions of school climate, general characteristics, and attitudes toward teaching. Compared to teachers of other subjects, physical educators reported more job responsibilities outside of teaching and leadership roles in the school community. PE teachers also reported more positive levels of teacher satisfaction, professional support, and attitudes toward teaching. Based on these findings, recommendations related to physical educators’ attitudes and perceptions are provided.
A methodology for choosing candidate materials for the fabrication of planetary space suit structures

A study of space suit structures and materials is under way at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. The study was initiated by the need for a generation of lightweight space suits to be used in future planetary Exploration Missions. This paper provides a brief description of the Lunar and Mars environments and reviews what has been done in the past in the design and development of fabric, metal, and composite suit components in order to establish criteria for comparison of promising candidate materials and space suit structures. Environmental factors and mission scenarios will present challenging material and structural requirements; thus, a program is planned to outline the methodology used to identify materials and processes for producing candidate space suit structures which meet those requirements.
Enumeration and relative importance of acetylene-reducing (nitrogen-fixing) bacteria in a delaware salt marsh.

Three groups of N2-fixing bacteria were enumerated from the top 1 cm of the surface in four vegetational areas in a Delaware salt marsh. The results over the 9-month sampling period showed that there were no discernible seasonal patterns for any of the groups enumerated (Azotobacter sp., Clostridium sp., and Desulfovibrio sp.). Azotobacter sp. was present in numbers of 107 per g of dry mud, whereas the two anaerobic fixers were present in much lower numbers (103 to 104 per g of dry mud). There were no differences in the numbers of each group among the different vegetational areas, indicating that there was a heterogeneous population of N2 fixers present. Additional studies indicate that the activity of sulfate reducers (Desulfovibrio sp.) may account for as much as 50% of the total observed acetylene reduction activity. Oxygen was found to exert little effect on the observed acetylene reduction activity, indicating that stable aerobic and anaerobic microenvironments exist in the surface layer of marsh sediments.
General introduction to vasopressin and oxytocin: structure/metabolism, evolutionary aspects, neural pathway/receptor distribution, and functional aspects relevant to memory processing.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structure/metabolism, evolutionary aspects, neural pathway/receptor distribution, and functional aspects of vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) relevant to memory processing. VP and OT are nonapeptides derived from large precursor proteins that are derived from even larger molecules known as “prepropeptides.” The prepropeptide differs from the propeptide by an initial sequence of amino acids, called the “signal sequence,” which occurs in the N-terminal portion of the prepropeptide molecule. In peptide synthesis, the amino group of one amino acid is bonded with the carboxyl group of the adjoining amino acid. The side chains of the amino acids identify the various peptides and are responsible for their physical and functional attributes. VP and OT are synthesized within cells located in the brain and in certain peripheral organs of the body. Whatever the location of their synthesis, VP and OT are derived from separate precursor molecules. The VP and OT genes encoding each of the prepropeptides exhibit the same three-exon organization. The chapter describes the methods used to localize these systems in the brain, and provides information on the cell groups and their efferent and afferent inputs that characterize the circuitry of the hypothalamic and extra hypothalamic systems of these peptides.
Review article: the modern management of autoimmune hepatitis

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 31, 771–787 Summary Background The management of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) continues to be refined. However, several issues remain unresolved, primarily as a consequence of the low incidence of the disease. This factor has contributed both to a lack of understanding of and a paucity of large scale clinical trials involving therapeutic agents. Aim To summarize the latest evidence regarding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy and long-term management of AIH with a focus on clinical aspects of the disease. Method We searched PUBMED for articles pertaining to AIH, its pathogenesis, treatment and clinical outcomes, combined with the authors’ own knowledge of the literature. Results Standard therapy (corticosteroids and azathioprine) is effective in more than 80% of patients which renders study of novel agents difficult. Budesonide appears to show equivalence to prednisolone. Available, but limited, data suggest that mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus and ciclosporin are all variably effective second line agents. Patients with AIH and cirrhosis are at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and require screening. Patients with end stage liver disease represent excellent candidates for liver transplantation. Conclusions Despite ongoing limitations in the understanding of pathogenesis and difficulties in evaluating novel therapies, the management of AIH continues to evolve slowly. Multi-centre collaboration is necessary to obtain sufficient patient numbers to undertake good quality therapeutic studies.
Autonomy and Visibility in Undergraduate Social Work Education

Autonomy and visibility are important issues for social work education. Although a specific accreditation standard on autonomy exists, research reveals limitations in autonomy can result in difficulty attaining or maintaining accreditation. In 1980, accredited undergraduate units identified themselves using more than 50 different titles. By 1990, this diversity had been reduced, and the more common title “Social Work Program” was used by more than one third of all units. What is unknown is whether these changes resulted in more freestanding programs or more programs within a host department and greater or less visibility and autonomy. To explore these issues, questionnaires were sent to all U.S. accredited baccalaureate social work programs. Results indicated that the majority of respondents perceived the established governance and administrative structures of their programs as either adequate or very adequate. However, nearly 25% of the respondents found the support staff arrangement unsatisfactory. More...
Evidence for Nutrient Biolifting in Hawaiian Climosequence Soils as Revealed by Alkaline Earth Metal Stable Isotope Systematics

Abstract Plants are known to scavenge nutrients such as phosphorus (P) from rock subtrates and concentrate those nutrients at the surface in order to satisfy long-term nutritional requirements. Using the stable isotope systematics of calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr) and barium (Ba) as proxy tracers, here we test the hypothesis that soils along a Hawaiian climosequence have “biolifted” P and other nutrients such as Ca from depth and concentrated those nutrients at the surface. Relative to isotope compositions in the volcanic soil parent materials, exchangeable Ca, Sr and Ba in the shallowest soils at sites having evidence for P biolifting are light confirming the role for plant uptake of these elements while exchangeable Ca, Sr and Ba of deeper soils at those sites are similar or heavy suggesting a complementary pool. In this pedogenic system Ca and Sr are more susceptible to leaching than Ba, thus Ba isotopes provide the most resilient evidence for biolifting across the climate gradient and a useful proxy for P biodynamics.
Multivariate network-level approach to detect interactions between large-scale functional systems

The question of how large-scale systems interact with each other is intriguing given the increasingly established network structures of whole brain organization. Commonly used regional interaction approaches, however, cannot address this question. In this paper, we proposed a multivariate network-level framework to directly quantify the interaction pattern between large-scale functional systems. The proposed framework was tested on three different brain states, including resting, finger tapping and movie watching using functional connectivity MRI. The interaction patterns among five predefined networks including dorsal attention (DA), default (DF), frontal-parietal control (FPC), motor-sensory (MS) and visual (V) were delineated during each state. Results show dramatic and expected network-level correlation changes across different states underscoring the importance of network-level interactions for successful transition between different states. In addition, our analysis provides preliminary evidence of the potential regulating role of FPC on the two opposing systems-DA and DF on the network level.
Exploring Science Information Literacy Instruction at French and Spanish Libraries

Visits to university libraries in France and Spain offered an initial look at science information literacy practices in Europe. The study provides an overview of the information literacy programs at these libraries, discusses some of the similarities and differences in library instruction for sciences disciplines in these countries, makes comparisons to practices in North American academic libraries, and offers possible ideas that could be implemented in our own programs.
The role of Jews in the transatlantic slave trade

The recent controversy instigated by Leonard Jeffries has prompted discussion of the relationship between the development of the transatlantic slave trade and European Jewish communities. Closer attention to the role played by Jews in the development of the trade, and its associated enterprises, suggests that little direct involvement can be identified. In the Dutch slave trade Jews can be said to have had tangible significance, but even here their involvement was relatively marginal. Through detailed analysis of the historiography of slavery, the ‘conspiracy theory’ approach to the issue is substantially challenged and disproved.
Dimensions of stuttering and relationship to psychopathology

Abstract This article reports two studies. The first attempted to define stable dimensions within the Stuttering Severity (SS) scale. A factor analysis of correlations among its 64 items defined four factor-based subscales, and three additional subscales were developed rationally. Relationships among these seven subscales suggested the existence of two major dimensions. The second study investigated the relationship of the seven subscales to psychopathology. Correlations were obtained among the subscales and MMPI scales for 69 subjects, and were subjected to a second factor analysis. The MMPI scales and the SS subscales clearly loaded on separate factors, indicating little relationship between dimensions of stuttering and psychopathology as defined by MMPI scores. The second analysis also supported the previous identification of two general dimensions for stuttering. Items were selected for two final scales to represent these dimensions, labeled behavior (22 items) and sensitivity (20 items). Norms were developed for them and also for the full 64-item SS scale.
Imaging features of primary and recurrent intrathoracic synovial sarcoma: a single-institute experience

Abstract Objective The objective was to study the imaging features of primary and metastatic intrathoracic synovial sarcoma (ISS). Materials and methods We reviewed the imaging of 42 patients with ISS (31 pleural, 7 intrapulmonary, 4 mediastinal), with baseline imaging of 19 patients and follow-up imaging in all. Results Primary tumors ( n =19) were well circumscribed (15/19), homogeneous or heterogeneously enhancing, with mean size 9.1 cm (range: 1.8–25 cm). Recurrent/metastatic disease developed in 28/42 patients (67%). Lung was the most common site of metastases (21/28), with most of them predominantly pleural (11/21). On pathology, 30 patients had monophasic tumors, and 6 each had biphasic tumors and poorly differentiated tumors. Conclusion Intrathoracic SS most commonly presents as a large heterogeneous pleural mass without associated adenopathy. Lung metastases are often pleural based and ipsilateral.
Immediate and long-term fire effects on total mercury in forests soils of northeastern Minnesota.

Within the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness in northeastern Minnesota, soils were collected from 116 sites in areas of primarily virgin forest with fire-origin stand years (year of last recognizable stand-killing wildfire) that range from the 1759 to 1976. Median concentrations for total mercury in soils for this span of 217 years range from 0.28 ± 0.088 ppm (1759) to 0.09 ± 0.047 ppm (1976) for A-horizon soils and from 0.23 ± 0.062 ppm (1759) to 0.09 ± 0.018 ppm (1976) for O-horizon soils. A separate study of soils collected from 30 sites within an area that burned in a 2004 wildfire at Voyageurs National Park, northern Minnesota, suggested that high soil burn severity resulted in significant mercury loss from both organic and mineral soils. Integrated data from these two studies and additional regional soil data demonstrate that older forests have progressively higher mercury concentrations in O-horizon soils (r2 = 0.423) and A-horizon soils (r2 = 0.456). These results support the hypotheses that a...
Comorbid depression and anxiety impact hip osteoarthritis disability.

Abstract Background Hip osteoarthritis, a common age-associated condition, produces considerable disability that may be influenced by a variety of factors other than age. This study examines the magnitude and impact of the presence of comorbid and/or concurrent depression and anxiety symptoms on the disability experienced before and immediately after total hip replacement surgery for end-stage osteoarthritis—a very understudied, albeit potentially important area for improving the health and well-being of adults with this disabling condition. Methods The available records of 1,000 hip osteoarthritis surgical candidates were examined for any historical/concurrent evidence of depression/anxiety. Additional data on medical comorbidities, pain, function, and discharge destination were extracted. Selected subgroup comparisons between those with depression and anxiety disorder histories and those with no such history and their preoperative and immediate postoperative functional outcomes were conducted. Results (1) Nine percent (90 patients) of the cohort reported having a prior mood disorder. An additional 9% reported anxiety symptoms and 0.8% reported feeling depressed prior to surgery. (2) Those with depression and anxiety histories were more impaired before surgery and tended to recover more slowly than those with no such history (p Conclusion Almost 20% of end-stage hip osteoarthritis cases undergoing replacement surgery may have mood disorder histories and/or prevailing symptoms of emotional distress that may exaggerate preoperative hip osteoarthritis disability and slow the postoperative recovery process. Examining the cognitive as well as the physical status of adults undergoing hip replacement surgery for osteoarthritis and individualizing, rather than promoting generic intervention approaches, is indicated in efforts to optimize outcomes and minimize impairments and disability for adults with this condition.
The physician-patient relationship: models and criticisms.

A review of the philosophical debate on theoretical models for the physician-patient relationship over the past fifteen years may point to some of the more productive questions for future research. Contractual models have been criticized for promoting a legalistic and minimalistic image of the relationship, such that another form of model (such as “convenant”) is required. Shifting from a contractual to a contractarian model (in keeping with Rawls' notion of an original position) provides an adequate response to many criticisms of this type. A deeper criticism, however, is one that advocates a shift to a virtue-based approach. A creative amalgam between a contractarian model and elements of the virtue-based approach, combined with appropriate empirical investigation, may yield richer models in the future.
Whose Name Is It, Anyway? Decentralized Identity Systems on the Web

A new form of personal identity is emerging on the Web. Decentralized identification protocols are a departure from traditional distributed authentication approaches developed for the Internet. From a technical perspective, they're quite similar to distributed systems based on public-key infrastructures or federated identity systems, such as those proposed by the Liberty Alliance, or Microsoft's Passport. What distinguishes the new decentralized approach is its use of URIs as the underlying identifier. The Web - using URIs as the basis for a global hypertext system of documents - set off an unprecedented explosion of human communication and knowledge sharing. So, too, could these new decentralized identity systems potentially augment the Web to let us reliably and scalably communicate with each other about our identities in a more trustworthy manner.
Hierarchically porous graphene as a lithium-air battery electrode.

The lithium–air battery is one of the most promising technologies among various electrochemical energy storage systems. We demonstrate that a novel air electrode consisting of an unusual hierarchical arrangement of functionalized graphene sheets (with no catalyst) delivers an exceptionally high capacity of 15000 mAh/g in lithium–O2 batteries which is the highest value ever reported in this field. This excellent performance is attributed to the unique bimodal porous structure of the electrode which consists of microporous channels facilitating rapid O2 diffusion while the highly connected nanoscale pores provide a high density of reactive sites for Li–O2 reactions. Further, we show that the defects and functional groups on graphene favor the formation of isolated nanosized Li2O2 particles and help prevent air blocking in the air electrode. The hierarchically ordered porous structure in bulk graphene enables its practical applications by promoting accessibility to most graphene sheets in this structure.
Using the Investment Model to Understand Battered Women's Commitment to Abusive Relationships

We replicate and extend research using the Investment Model (Rusbult, 1980, J. Exp. Social Psychol., 45, 101–117) to understand battered women's commitment to abusive relationships. The Investment Model is a nonpathologizing theory that views commitment as a function of one's satisfaction with, alternatives to, and investments in the relationship. These factors were examined in a shelter-based sample of battered women. Investment model variables, particularly satisfaction, were also examined as mediators of the relationship between abuse exposure and commitment. Both Investment Model and abuse exposure constructs were assessed using instruments more fully developed than in previous research. Results indicated that each of the Investment Model factors contributed uniquely to women's commitment, and that relationship satisfaction mediated the relationship between psychological (but not physical) abuse and commitment. Implications for future research and intervention are discussed.
The effects of diffusion on population gratings and the stability of ring lasers

We have studied the effects of diffusion on the coupling between counterpropagating modes in a two-level medium in the rate equation limit. The results show that diffusion can greatly decrease saturation gratings in low-pressure gases and could affect the stability of ring lasers.
Crash Testing and Evaluation of Work Zone Barricades

Proper traffic control and delineation are critical to achieving safety in work zones. However, the work zone traffic control devices themselves may pose a safety hazard to vehicle occupants or work crews when impacted by errant vehicles. Thus, there was a need to research the safety performance of work zone traffic control devices to ensure that they perform satisfactorily and meet NCHRP Report 350 guidelines. Several research studies sponsored by the Texas Department of Transportation evaluated the impact performance of various work zone traffic control devices, such as temporary and portable sign supports, plastic drums, sign substrates for use with plastic drums, traffic cones, and vertical panels. Specifically addressed are the studies on barricades. Standard wooden barricade construction was found to be unacceptable due to a demonstrated potential for intrusion of fractured members into the occupant compartment. In response to deficiencies identified in the wooden barricade tests, several alternate ...
Concentration-dependent diffusion of ion-implanted silicon in In0.53Ga0.47As

In contrast to prior reports, evidence of concentration-dependent diffusion is reported for Si implanted In0.53Ga0.47As. The Fickian and concentration-dependent components of diffusivities were extracted using the Florida object oriented process and device simulator. The migration energy for silicon diffusion in In0.53Ga0.47As was calculated to be 2.4 and 1.5 eV for the Fickian and concentration dependent components of diffusion, respectively. A lack of change in diffusivities at given anneal temperatures suggest that transient-enhanced diffusion has not occurred. Due to these findings, silicon diffusion at high doping concentrations (>1 × 1020 cm−3) should be better characterized and understood for future complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor applications.
Zhuangzi’s questioning of distinctions

Abstract Certain distinctions need to be made when it comes to understanding Zhuangzi’s questioning of distinctions. Among them is the distinction between Descartes’ use of dreaming, which presents us with the problem of how we can justify reliance on (waking) perceptions for access to the world, and Zhuangzi’s use of it to pay tribute to the power of the imagination and help us to become open to change as providing the opportunity for transformation. Zhuangzi is not questioning whether the distinctions that language projects onto the world really are in the world, a reading of him that appeals to philosophers who are conventionalists. To take such a position he would have to make the questionable assumption that there is such a thing as language that has its own mode of existence, and there is no evidence that he makes it. Zhuangzi’s remarks about language should be read as being about what people, especially philosophers who dispute about the dao, have to say, and not about the language that is used in saying it. Zhuangzi does object to the distinction making philosophers do when they mark off their positions from those of their opposition, and his various skill stories may be understood not to rule out philosophical disputation but to suggest that there is a way of doing philosophy that unites rather than divides.
Defensiveness predicts peer rejection of depressed children.

Abstract The present study examined the ironic possibility that defensiveness, far from suppressing depression and staving off negative interpersonal consequences, is actually associated with interpersonal difficulties (e.g. peer rejection). Participants were 72 youth psychiatric inpatients (aged 7–17 years, mean±SD 13.18±2.59 years), who completed self-report measures of defensiveness and depression. Chart diagnoses were available, and peer rejection ratings were collected. Results indicated that depressed children with a defensive style obtained the highest peer rejection ratings; other children, including depressed but non-defensive children, were not as negatively rated by peers. Implications regarding self-presentation and depression, as well as regarding clinical work with depressed people, were discussed.
Ionospheric Models of Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

Abstract Model ionospheres are calculated for Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Protons are the major ions above 150 km altitude measured from a reference level where the hydrogen density is 1 × 1016 molecules cm−3, while below 150 km quick conversion of protons to H3+ ions by a three-body association mechanism leads to a rapid removal of ionization in dissociative recombination of H3+. Electron density maxima are found at about 260 km for Saturn and Uranus and 200 km for Neptune. Present knowledge of the physical and chemical processes in the atmospheres of these planets suggests that their ionospheres probably will not be Jupiter-like.
End-to-end joining of microtubules: Kinetics in crowded solutions

When taxol is present at concentrations approximately equal to the tubulin concentration, microtubules can be assembled from tubulin that has GDP at its exchangeable site. Such microtubules exchange subunits at their ends very slowly, but they undergo a relatively rapid increase in mean length upon incubation in a GDP-containing buffer. Since dynamic instability can be excluded under the conditions of the experiment, the length increase must result from end-to-end joining, or annealing. Measurements of the time-dependent change in length-distribution were analyzed on the assumption that joining takes place as a diffusion-controlled process, and numerical values of a length-independent apparent second-order rate constant were obtained. The rate constant decreases with increasing concentration of microtubules, probably due to excluded volume effects.