cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Volumetric determination of apolipoprotein stoichiometry of circulating HDL subspecies

Although HDL is inversely correlated with coronary heart disease, elevated HDL-cholesterol is not always protective. Additionally, HDL has biological functions that transcend any antiatherogenic role: shotgun proteomics show that HDL particles contain 84 proteins (latest count), many correlating with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of HDL. ApoA-I has been suggested to serve as a platform for the assembly of these protein components on HDL with specific functions - the HDL proteome. However, the stoichiometry of apoA-I in HDL subspecies is poorly understood. Here we use a combination of immunoaffinity chromatography data and volumetric analysis to evaluate the size and stoichiometry of LpA-I and LpA-I,A-II particles. We conclude that there are three major LpA-I subspecies: two major particles, HDL[4] in the HDL3 size range (d = 85.0 ± 1.2 A) and HDL[7] in the HDL2 size range (d = 108.5 ± 3.8 A) with apoA-I stoichiometries of 3 and 4, respectively, and a small minor particle, HDL[1] (d = 73.8 ± 2.1A) with an apoA-I stoichiometry of 2. Additionally, we conclude that the molar ratio of apolipoprotein to surface lipid is significantly higher in circulating HDL subspecies than in reconstituted spherical HDL particles, presumably reflecting a lack of phospholipid transfer protein in reconstitution protocols.
Surface Abundances Resulting from Deep Mixing

Dr Sugimoto has just presented a cause for deep mixing. We wish to report here the kind of surface abundances that result if one assumes deep mixing.
Spectrum of sodium channel disturbances in the nondystrophic myotonias and periodic paralyses.

Spectrum of sodium channel disturbances in the nondystrophic myotonias and periodic paralyses. Several heritable forms of myotonia and periodic paralysis are caused by missense mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel of skeletal muscle. Mutations produce gain-of-function defects, either disrupted inactivation or enhanced activation. Both defects result in too much inward Na current which may either initiate pathologic bursts of action potentials (myotonia) or cause flaccid paralysis by depolarizing fibers to a refractory inexcitable state. Myotonic stiffness and periodic paralysis occur as paroxysmal attacks often triggered by environmental factors such as serum K+, cold, or exercise. Many gaps remain in our understanding of the interactions between genetic predisposition and these environmental influences. Targeted gene manipulation in animals may provide the tools to fill in these gaps.
Cellular Metabolism and Disease: What Do Metabolic Outliers Teach Us?

An understanding of metabolic pathways based solely on biochemistry textbooks would underestimate the pervasive role of metabolism in essentially every aspect of biology. It is evident from recent work that many human diseases involve abnormal metabolic states—often genetically programmed—that perturb normal physiology and lead to severe tissue dysfunction. Understanding these metabolic outliers is now a crucial frontier in disease-oriented research. This Review discusses the broad impact of metabolism in cellular function and how modern concepts of metabolism can inform our understanding of common diseases like cancer and also considers the prospects of developing new metabolic approaches to disease treatment.
Extrapolation-based and QoS-aware real-time communication in wireless mobile ad hoc networks

In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), it is increasingly important to devote attention to real-time and quality of service (QoS) issues. We present here a novel extrapolation-based and QoS-aware technology for providing soft real-time services in MANETs. The proposed technology combines elements of proactive and location-based techniques. Each node maintains a global view, which is periodically updated through state exchange among all the nodes. At any time, a node is able to extrapolate the location of a given node based on its velocity vector. Resource management, dynamic scheduling, velocity-based extrapolation, and multipath search techniques are employed to meet the realtime and QoS requirements despite network contention and frequent topology changes. We demonstrate this technology by presenting a real-time and QoS routing protocol. We evaluate the performance of the protocol and compare it to the performance of other well-known routing protocols.
Vascular dysfunction in S1P2 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor knockout mice

There is growing evidence that sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) plays an important role in regulating the development, morphology, and function of the cardiovascular system. There is little data, howe...
Asymmetric responses of commercial banks to monetary policy in a transitional economy: the case of Vietnam

This study investigates how Vietnamese commercial banks respond to countercyclical monetary policy. At first glance, the empirical findings suggest the asymmetrical response of Vietnamese commercial banks to countercyclical monetary policy to be competitive and monetary authority successfully utilizes monetary policy instruments to achieve its objectives. In light of the known characteristics of the Vietnamese economy, the empirical results may be alternatively interpreted as the consequence of graft maximizing behavior of bank management operating in a corrupt and opaque environment. Thus, to correct these problems, a strong political will and commitment to reforming the system and implementing appropriate checks and balances in the political system in the country to formulate policy measures needed to establish a competitive, transparent, and efficient banking and financial system which would be conducive to further economic and social progress.
The Popeye domain containing protein family - a novel class of cAMP effectors with important functions in multiple tissues.

Popeye domain containing (Popdc) proteins are a unique family, which combine several different properties and functions in a surprisingly complex fashion. They are expressed in multiple tissues and cell types, present in several subcellular compartments, interact with different classes of proteins, and are associated with a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Moreover, Popdc proteins bind the second messenger cAMP with high affinity and it is thought that they act as a novel class of cAMP effector proteins. Here, we will review the most important findings about the Popdc family, which accumulated since its discovery about 15 years ago. We will be focussing on Popdc protein interaction and function in striated muscle tissue. However, as a full picture only emerges if all aspects are taken into account, we will also describe what is currently known about the role of Popdc proteins in epithelial cells and in various types of cancer, and discuss these findings with regard to their relevance for cardiac and skeletal muscle.
All in the family? A twin-based analysis of associations between occupational risk factors, drinking, and tobacco use in employed men

BACKGROUND: Employment-related substance use can negatively affect both workplace and worker. Relationships between workplace characteristics and substance use may be explained by genetic and environmental effects; this research uses a co-twin control (discordant twin) design to disentangle these influences. METHODS: This study compared population-level to discordant twin pair relationships to analyze the genetic and environmental influences of work-related risks on substance use in N = 2,138 dizygotic and monozygotic male twins from the Virginia Adult Twin Study of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders. Negative binomial and logistic regressions were fit to predict differences in the frequency of drinking, typical and maximum number of drinks, the number of cigarettes per day, and any binge drinking or any tobacco use across occupation, work hours, job strain, problems with coworkers, and perceived job insecurity. RESULTS: In population-level analyses, several work-related variables were associated with substance use. The population-level associations of occupation with typical and maximum drinks per day and of problems with coworkers to binge drinking were not significant at the twin level. At both the population and discordant twin levels, only higher occupational status was associated with a lower likelihood of regular tobacco use (odds ratio 0.44, 95% confidence interval 0.21, 0.94). CONCLUSIONS: Variation in genes and shared environment appears to account for many of the population-level relationships between work-related stressors and substance use. Work stressors may not be the most fruitful intervention point when aiming to reduce alcohol or tobacco use, although men in certain high-stress occupations may be at greater risk for substance use.Copyright © 2016 by the Research Society on Alcoholism. Language: en
Stereoselective UV Sensing of 1,2-Diaminocyclohexane Isomers Based on Ligand Displacement with a Diacridylnaphthalene N,N′-Dioxide Scandium Complex

Stereoselective displacement of diacridylnaphthalene N,N'-dioxide ligands, 1, from a scandium(III) complex can be used for quantitative detection of 1,2-diaminocyclohexane isomers. The diastereoselective sensing assay with Sc(syn-1)(2) shows excellent linearity between the sample de and the measured UV absorption change, and sensing of mixtures comprising both low and high de values gave results within 5% accuracy. All three stereoisomers of 1,2-diaminocyclohexane can be differentiated using Sc[anti-(-)-1](2) in the same ligand displacement assay.
A Classroom Presentation of the Definite Integral

The elementary calculus student must make peace with a trilogy of ideas about the definite integral. On the one hand it represents the area under a curve; again, it is the limit of a sum; and finally, it is a particular anti-derivative. After the definite integral is defined in terms of one of these concepts its relatedness to the other concepts needs to be argued. Some authors define area as the limit of the sum but then never explain what this area has to do with conceptualized area. Nor does this induce a reticence to use the integral to find such conceptualized areas as, for example, in finding the work performed as the area under a curve in the,distance-force space. Alternate approaches, appealing to the geometrically obvious, assert that the error, which derives from approximating an area by rectangles, vanishes in the limiting process. If this is indeed intuitively evident the obviousness must at best result from consideration of a particular partitioning of a particular curve. The object of this note is to propose a sequential development which does not impose upon the student the need "to see" that the error is approaching zero. In this way the obviousness of the argument can be made independent of special curves or special partitionings. Existence theorems for the definite integral will be assumed, in particular, the theorem that the integral of a continuous function exists. Let a single-valued9 continuous function, y = f (x), be defined over the interval a < x < b. Partition the interval into n parts, denoting the parti-
Analysis of Cancer Mortality 2006-2010 in Chengdu

Objective To analyze the distribution and trends of cancer mortality during year 2006 to 2010 in Chengdu,and to provide the base data for prevention of cancer.Methods Cancer mortality data came from death cause report system in Chengdu,and were analyzed for the mortality,the standardized mortality,the constitute of death causes and the ranks of the death causes.Results During 2006-2010 in Chengdu,the average mortality rate was 151.44/100 000,the standardized mortality rate was 137.71/100 000.The crude death rate of male was higher than that of female(χ2=8563.23,P0.01).The crude death rate of the urban was higher than that of the rural(χ2=314.45,P0.01).The top five of the malignant tumors mortality were lung cancer,liver cancer,stomach cancer,esophageal cancer and colon cancer,accounting for 73.91% of all malignant cancer deaths,and the top five in urban were lung cancer,liver cancer,colon cancer,stomach cancer,esophageal cancer,and that in rural were lung cancer,liver cancer,stomach cancer,esophageal cancer and colon cancer.Conclusion The mortality of malignant cancer has increase trend in past five years in Chengdu.The crude death rate of male is higher than that of female,and the urban rate is higher than the rural one,lung cancer death ranked the first always.
The localization of lipids in human blood and bone marrow cells.

By Baker’s method for the staining of lipids, various types of cytoplasmic rods and granules in leukocytes give a positive acid hematein test but are negative after the pyridine-extraction test. According to Baker,8 this combination of results indicates the presence of phospholipids. Some of the rods and granules which are stained appear to be mitochondria, judging from their shape, size and distribution. as well as from the fact that they coincide in all respects with mitochondria demonstrable by supravital staining. Baker8 pointed out that in a great variety of cells his method stained mitochondria, although he did not report having examined leukocytes. In addition to mitochondria, Baker’s method stains the specific granules of the three varieties of granular leukocytes. In the neutrophilic leukocytes, the granules appear gray or black; in some of the eosinophilic leukocytes, they are intensely black, while in others they are unstained although surrounded by stained ground substance; and in the basophilic leukocytes, some of the granules of individual cells are stained while others are not. Provided the method is chemically specific, it follows that the specific granules of these leukocytes contain phospholipids. The appearance of the eosinophils indicates that many of them possess granules composed of protein surrounded by phospholipid, although some of them contain granules with lipid in their interiors. These differences in the eosinophils suggest possible functional stages, related perhaps to the age of the cells or some other metabolic factors. In the monocytes, besides a general stippling of the cytoplasm corresponding to mitochondria, the region of the attraction sphere often contains numerous deeply stained granules. Sudan black B stains both the mitochondria and the specific leukocytic granules in a manner similar to Baker’s method. However, certain slight differences were noticed. Platelets were brought out moderately distinctly by the acid hematein procedure, whereas in sudan black preparations they were barely visible. A variability was noted in the staining of the granules of the eosinophilic leukocytes in Baker’s method, in contrast to the uniformity of their staining with sudan black. This difference should perhaps be interpreted as indicating that the eosinophilic granules contain other lipid substances besides phospholipids. Mitochondnia, in whatsoever type of leukocyte they are observed, appear to stain more deeply and distinctly by Baker’s method than with sudan black, a circumstance suggesting that mitochondria are very rich in phospholipids.
Role of nitric oxide in leukotriene C4-induced increases in microvascular transport.

The goal of this study was to determine the role of nitric oxide in alterations in macromolecular transport of the hamster cheek pouch in vivo in response to leukotriene C4. We used intravital fluorescent microscopy to examine the transport of macromolecules across the hamster cheek pouch in response to leukotriene C4 before and after application of an enzymatic inhibitor of nitric oxide, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA; 1.0 microM). Increases in transport of macromolecules across the hamster cheek pouch were quantitated by the formation of venular leaky sites and clearance of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran; mol wt = 70 K). Leukotriene C4 (1.0 and 3.0 nM) produced an increase in the number of venular leaky sites and clearance of FITC-dextran-70K. Superfusion of L-NMMA (1.0 microM) significantly decreased leukotriene C4-induced increases in venular leaky sites and clearance of FITC-dextran-70K. In addition, superfusion of LY-83583 (10 microM) significantly decreased leukotriene C4-induced increases in venular leaky sites. In contrast, superfusion of NG-monomethyl-D-arginine (D-NMMA; 1.0 microM), indomethacin (10 mg/kg iv), or diphenhydramine hydrochloride; 15–20 mg/kg iv) did not significantly alter leukotriene C4-induced increases in venular leaky sites. Thus these findings suggest that production of nitric oxide and subsequent activation of guanylate cyclase play an important role in formation of venular leaky sites and clearance of FITC-dextran-70K in response to application of leukotriene C4.
Resources for library assessment: tools for a new era

Les ressources et services electroniques prenant une place grandissante dans les bibliotheques, l'A. propose une serie d'outils appropries aux bibliothecaires afin qu'ils puissent mesurer l'usage qui en est fait : logiciels d'etude d'utilisation du Web et d'analyses statistiques, sites fournissant des donnees de references economiques ou documentaires sur d'autres bibliotheques, sites d'informations demographiques.
The effect of PKA-mediated phosphorylation of ryanodine receptor on SR Ca2 + leak in ventricular myocytes

Functional impact of cardiac ryanodine receptor (type 2 RyR or RyR2) phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA) remains highly controversial. In this study, we characterized a functional link between PKA-mediated RyR2 phosphorylation level and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release and leak in permeabilized rabbit ventricular myocytes. Changes in cytosolic [Ca2+] and intra-SR [Ca2+]SR were measured with Fluo-4 and Fluo-5N, respectively. Changes in RyR2 phosphorylation at two PKA sites, serine-2031 and -2809, were measured with phospho-specific antibodies. cAMP (10μM) increased Ca2+ spark frequency approximately two-fold. This effect was associated with an increase in SR Ca2+ load from 0.84 to 1.24mM. PKA inhibitory peptide (PKI; 10μM) abolished the cAMP-dependent increase of SR Ca2+ load and spark frequency. When SERCA was completely blocked by thapsigargin, cAMP did not affect RyR2-mediated Ca2+ leak. The lack of a cAMP effect on RyR2 function can be explained by almost maximal phosphorylation of RyR2 at serine-2809 after sarcolemma permeabilization. This high RyR2 phosphorylation level is likely the consequence of a balance shift between protein kinase and phosphatase activity after permeabilization. When RyR2 phosphorylation at serine-2809 was reduced to its "basal" level (i.e. RyR2 phosphorylation level in intact myocytes) using kinase inhibitor staurosporine, SR Ca2+ leak was significantly reduced. Surprisingly, further dephosphorylation of RyR2 with protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) markedly increased SR Ca2+ leak. At the same time, phosphorylation of RyR2 at serine 2031 did not significantly change under identical experimental conditions. These results suggest that RyR2 phosphorylation by PKA has a complex effect on SR Ca2+ leak in ventricular myocytes. At an intermediate level of RyR2 phosphorylation SR Ca2+ leak is minimal. However, complete dephosphorylation and maximal phosphorylation of RyR2 increases SR Ca2+ leak.
Shoppable Videos Are In: How Do Consumers Respond?

As the Internet is becoming an ever more pervasive part of consumers’ lives, businesses constantly find innovative ways of incorporating it into their marketing strategies. Recently, companies introduced “shoppable videos” as a channel to promote and distribute their products. Shoppable videos are short clips that feature a company’s products, which allow consumers to click and buy them. The links to products are usually available over the video or on the side of the screen. They also display the available sizes, prices, colors, and other attributes related to the items on the videos. Our exploratory approach indicated that shoppable videos offered significant benefits for consumers. Shoppable videos save time and effort for consumers, give them ideas and information on how to use products, and provide entertainment at the same time. Overall, shoppable videos are ubiquitously accessible and are more effective than still pictures or text alone in the online shopping context.
Discovery Lab Global: Accelerating Innovations... Growing Innovators

Discovery Lab Global (DLG) is a not-for-profit Entrepreneurial STEM Lab and Concepts Accelerator for strategic workforce development that focuses primarily on bridging the last 2 years of high school first 2 years of college. It builds on the insights and lessons-learned gained in the 10-year operation of the original Air Force Research Laboratory's (AFRL) Discovery Lab workforce development program (2005–2015). AFRL Discovery Lab ended in 2015 when the founding director retired to start up Discovery Lab Global as a not-for-profit STEM and strategic workforce development initiative. The presentation will focus on the crucial role that collaboration technologies will play in scaling up from a 100-student program into a 1,000-plus student program with global reach.
LINE-1 is preferentially hypomethylated within adenomatous polyps in the presence of synchronous colorectal cancer

Conventional tubular adenomas are frequently detected in patients undergoing average risk screening colonoscopy and are over-represented in patients who will develop colorectal cancer (CRC). Whether features of adenomas could serve as predictors of synchronous CRC is not known. Here, we investigate whether global methylation markers, including LINE-1, differ within adenomas in patients with and without synchronous CRC. Colorectal tubular/tubulovillous adenomatous polyps in the absence (P group, n = 45) and in the presence of synchronous CRC (PC group, n = 32) were identified. Global methylation and demethylation by ELISA for 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine (5-hmC), respectively, were assessed in polyps and adjacent normal non-neoplastic tissue. LINE-1 hypomethylation was assessed by pyrosequencing of bisulfite-converted DNA as well. Global methylation (5-mC) showed no differences in overall methylation status in the adenomatous polyps in the two groups (5-mC relative to control %, PC group 0.117; P group 0.161, p = 0.148). Global hydroxymethylation 5-hmC was also not significantly different in adenomatous polyps of the PC group than in those of the P group (0.0059 vs 0.0097, p = 0.681). Similarly, global 5-hmC was not different between normal tissues from patients without neoplasia in comparison to those from CRC patients (0.0461 ± 0.080 vs 0.039 ± 0.159, p = 0.215). In contrast, adenomatous polyps of the PC group had lower levels of LINE-1 methylation compared to the adenomas in the P group (53.07 ± 4.5 vs 59.95 ± 5.4, p < 0.001). LINE-1 methylation was also significantly lower in the normal tissue from cancer patients compared to that from patients without any neoplasia (58.07 ± 3.78 vs 71.50 ± 6.47, p < 0.001). LINE-1 hypomethylation of precancerous adenomas correlates with the presence of synchronous CRC. Measurement of DNA hypomethylation levels of colorectal adenomas by LINE-1 could have future implications in approaches to defining CRC risk in screening programs.
The Archaeological Study of Funerary Practices

The funerary remains of past cultures have long exerted a strong attraction on students of prehistory. Funerary sites typically are not only a rich source of intact and often exotic artifacts, but they also represent one of the few archaeological contexts in which we have direct access to specific individuals from the past. The individual may be a very specific one, in the case of literate societies in which the individual’s name may adorn the tomb, or it may be a more anonymous individual of deep prehistory. While the typical archaeological site could easily be mistaken for a complex geological deposit, in funerary studies the archaeologist confronts individual people and often the intentionally configured arrangement of those individuals’ final resting places. The intentional organization of a tomb or burial enables us to imagine the feelings and emotions of people in the past, in much the same way that we are enabled to do so by another variety of intentionally configured archaeological context, that of cave painting and rock art. The challenge for the anthropological archaeologist is how to use the patterned traces represented in the archaeaological record of funerary activities to gain a fuller understanding of the past culture, without falling prey to the fanciful speculation about the past that has characterized both earlier and postmodern archaeologies. In this chapter, I will briefly summarize the theoretical background and basis for the current social approach to the study of funerary remains and then describe the procedures and methods employed in this study.
Psychosocial outcomes in cancer survivors treated at a comprehensive cancer center or a minority-serving institution.

e20523 Background: Cancer health disparities are well described for incidence, diagnosis and treatment. Little is known about disparities among long-term survivors. Methods: At Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), an NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center and Meharry Medical College (MMC), minority serving institutional partner, we evaluated quality of life (QOL) using the FACT-G, FACT-B, FACT-L, and FACT-P; posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using the PTSD Checklist (PCL); and posttraumatic growth (PTG) using the PTG Inventory (PTGI) among breast, lung or prostate cancer survivors. We used linear regression to compare the scale mean values by institution while adjusting for confounding variables. Results: Among 111 breast, 53 lung and 68 prostate cancer survivors, mean age was 62 years, 61% were female, 33% were black, 65% were married, 22% and 67% respectively had a high school degree or some college/higher education, 36% were employed and 94% were insured. MMC survivors were younger (p = 0.000...
Optimal status updating to minimize age of information with an energy harvesting source

In this paper, we consider a scenario where an energy harvesting sensor continuously monitors a system and sends time-stamped status updates to a destination. The destination keeps track of the system status through the received updates. We use the metric Age of Information (AoI), the time that has elapsed since the last received update was generated, to measure the “freshness” of the status information available at the destination. We assume energy arrives randomly at the sensor according to a Poisson process, and each status update consumes one unit of energy. Our objective is to design optimal online status update policies to minimize the long-term average Aol, subject to the energy causality constraint at the sensor. We consider three scenarios, i.e., the battery size is infinite, finite, and one unit only, respectively. For the infinite battery scenario, we adopt a best-effort uniform status update policy and and show that it minimizes the long-term average AoI. For the finite battery scenario, we adopt an energy-aware adaptive status update policy, and prove that it is asymptotically optimal when the battery size goes to infinity. For the last scenario where the battery size is one, we propose a threshold based status update policy. We analytically characterize the long-term average AoI under this policy, and prove it is optimal. Simulation results corroborate the theoretical bounds.
Irradiation stability and thermo-mechanical properties of NITE-SiC irradiated to 10 dpa

Abstract Five variants of nano-infiltration transient eutectic (NITE) SiC were prepared using nanopowder feedstock and sintering additive contents of
Shame and Alienation Related to Child Maltreatment: Links to Symptoms across Generations.

Objective The current study investigated associations between appraisals of shame and alienation related to mothers' own experiences of child maltreatment and symptoms across generations-in mothers themselves as well as their toddler/preschool-aged children. Method Mothers who survived maltreatment (N = 113) with a child between the ages of 2 and 5 were recruited to participate in an online study on Maternal Coping, Attachment and Health. Mother participants completed a series of questionnaires, including those that asked about posttrauma appraisals of their own maltreatment experiences as well as their child's and their own mental health symptoms. Results When taking into account other posttrauma appraisals (e.g., fear, betrayal, anger, self-blame), maternal shame and alienation were both significantly associated with maternal trauma-related distress (a composite of anxiety, PTSD, dissociation, and depressive symptoms). Maternal shame was also significantly linked to child internalizing symptoms and externalizing symptoms. Lower levels of fear and higher levels of betrayal were associated with externalizing symptoms as well. Maternal trauma-related distress mediated the relationship between maternal shame and child externalizing symptoms, and partially mediated the relationship between shame and internalizing symptoms. Conclusion This study is the first of its kind to examine the role of posttrauma appraisals among mother survivors of maltreatment as they relate to symptoms in their young children. Although additional research is necessary, findings suggest that mothers' posttrauma appraisals, such as shame, could be a relevant factor in the early social-emotional development of survivors' children. (PsycINFO Database Record
Monitoring of somatosensory evoked potentials during surgical procedures on the thoracoabdominal aorta. III. Intraoperative identification of vessels critical to spinal cord blood supply.

Somatosensory evoked potentials were used to locate intercostal arteries critical to spinal cord blood flow in nine dogs. To mimic a clinical situation, the proximal descending thoracic aorta (left subclavian artery to T7) was excluded with cross-clamps, and partial pulsatile left atrial–femoral artery bypass was instituted to maintain distal aortic pressure at 100 mm Hg. Progressively lower aortic segments were excluded (T7-10, T10-L1, L1-3, L3-6, L6-7) until loss of somatosensory evolved potentials occurred. Spinal cord blood flow measurements at the time of evoked potential loss revealed significant ischemia (p
Two Sides of the Same Coin? Trade and University Press Publishing of Revised Dissertations, 2007–2016: Some Observations

In academia, humanists, social scientists, and those in the various sciences, write books that assume major cultural capital for promotion, tenure, and for dissemination of scholarship. For the beginning academic, doctoral education is the acculturative process by which nascent scholars achieve competence in their respective disciplines. The capstone research experience culminates in the doctoral dissertation in the humanities and social sciences, often, and with substantial revision, the first book in professorial life. This study attempts to frame the production, illustrative bibliographic characteristics, and major publishers of revised dissertations published by university and scholarly trade presses. This study is grounded in data provided by YPB’s Gobi database and further articulated by utilization of the Library of Congress Classification system, and further frames the degree of interdisciplinarity, pricing, geographical concentrations, and other aspects of these books and investigates the similarities and dissimilarities between university press and scholarly trade presses. Illustrative examples display trends and provides suggestions for future analysis and research.
Obesity-Associated Family with Sequence Similarity 13 Member A Gene Regulates Adipocyte Differentiation

Obesity and its associated morbidities represent the major and most rapidly expanding health epidemic in the world. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants in Family with Sequence Similarity 13, Member A (FAM13A) gene to be highly associated with waist-hip ratio (WHR) with adjustment for body mass index (BMI) (WHRadjBMI). However, the exact function of this gene in adipose tissue development and obesity remains largely uncharacterized. We for the first time identified Fam13A as an adipose tissue abundant gene whose expression was highly regulated by fasting/refeed and dramatically reduced in epididymal and subcutaneous fat depots in murine models of genetic obesity and diet-induced obesity (DIO). Its expression was enriched in mature adipocytes and significantly upregulated during murine and human adipogenesis potentially through a PPARγ-dependent mechanism. However, FAM13A-/- mice only exhibited a tendency of higher adiposity and maintained normal glucose clearance and insulin resistance. They are also not protected from high fat diet-induced obesity and metabolic perturbation. The dispensable role of FAM13A was further supported by normal adipogenesis in FAM13A-/- Stromal vascular cells (SVCs). Interestingly, overexpression of FAM13A in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes downregulated beta-catenin expression, impaired preadipocyte survival and enhanced its susceptibility to serum starvation-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, FAM13A-overexpressing preadipocytes failed to differentiate into mature adipocytes through interfering early-stage C/EBPα/PPARγ-mediated adipogenesis. These data for the first time reveal new details of an obesity-associated FAM13A gene in mediating beta-catenin action and adipocyte differentiation, providing novel insight into a relationship between FAM13a and adipose biology. Disclosure J. Tang: None. H. Zhou: None. J. Yang: None. W. Chen: None.
The Cardiac Function Curve

Stroke volume is defined as end-diastolic volume minus end-systolic volume; cardiac output is the stroke volume times the heart rate. The left ventricular pressure–volume loop is drawn and the work of the heart is considered as the area within the loop. Total cardiac work, however, includes the kinetic work, PV work, and gravitational work. The stretch of the heart caused by the preload determines the stroke volume. This becomes the Frank–Starling Law of the Heart. The plot of cardiac output against right atrial pressure is considered to be the cardiac function curve. The effect of afterload and preload on the PV loop is considered. The effect of sympathetic stimulation on the left ventricular pressures and the PV loop is shown. Experimental determination of cardiac output by Fick’s principle and the indicator dilution method are discussed.
Organizing the Intentions of Teaching

In learning to teach mindfulness as a professional, the questions about what gets taught and when are of equal weight with the questions of how the teaching happens. Within the mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), particularly those that explicitly include meditation practices, many of the answers to what and when (as well as how) have been based on the template curriculum of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). As described in Chapter 1, many of the MBIs, such as mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), mindfulness-based art therapy (MBAT), mindfulness-based relationship enhancement (MBRE), and mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP), assume the basic MBSR curriculum of formal mindfulness practices as an armature for specific didactic material and specially elaborated meditations and experiential explorations for their own target populations. In this way, the pedagogy of mindfulness unfolds relatively consistently from intervention to intervention. The measured success and exciting possibilities of the MBIs, we believe, are attributable in no small part to the MBSR armature — a metastructure of the what and when of teaching mindfulness.
Impact of the 1993 Chinese student protection act on American and Chinese societies

To protect Chinese students from possible political persecution, in 1993 a U.S. presidential executive order took effect, declaring that all Chinese nationals who came to the States before April 12, 1990, were eligible to apply for permanent residency in the United States. It is estimated that 50,000 Chinese students and their dependents obtained green cards, and the number is still growing today. This article analyzes how this group of immigrants changes the Chinese American community in its overall educational and occupational attainment, and how it affects China in its democratic progress. Due to their high educational achievement, these student immigrants will be a positive input to the Chinese American community in its educational and occupational attainment, and their stay also diversifies Chinese America in its demographic composition. On the other hand, although their stay in America will not severely affect China’s scientific development, since they can and do come back to China to offer help in that respect, it does have a detrimental effect on the growth of a news-born professional class in China and thus generates a negative impact on China’s long-term democratic progress. From this perspective, the article concludes that the Protection Act was politically short-sighted.
4.1 Overview of Weathering and Soils Geomorphology

Weathering and soil geomorphology constitutes a specific subfield of earth surface processes, equally important in the process system in creating the surface landscape. While weathering and soils are of interest to a broad range of sciences, their role in geomorphology is specific and important. Weathering is the precursor to both chemical and mechanical erosion, thus important to the generation of sediments carried by other surface processes. Weathering is essential to the creation of soils. Weathering in all the cases is relevant to erosional and depositional landforms. However, specific in this volume are the landforms and landform processes dominated by weathering.
The relationship of sleep and sleep stages to neuroendocrine secretion and biological rhythms in man.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the major new observations made regarding the temporal organization of the 24-hour pattern of hypothalamic-pituitary function in regard to sleepwaking function. It discusses the recent application of these results to certain clinical disorders. All the pituitary hormones studied with the technique of frequent plasma sampling have been found to be secreted in an episodic manner throughout the 24-hour day. These hormones have important temporal secretory pattern relationships with the sleepwaking 24-hour cycle. In addition, the sleep stage cyclic pattern during nocturnal sleep is closely related to the timing of several pituitary hormones indicating state control by the central nervous system (CNS) over the timing and amount of secretion under normal physiological conditions. Each system appears to have its own temporal organization and response to manipulations of the sleepwaking cycle, and no single principle or mechanism can be invoked to explain these differing patterns. The concept that a homesotatic steady state or basal level is present for any extended time period of the 24-hour day is clearly not the case. The data suggest that a major mechanism of control takes place by CNS 24-hour temporal programs that initiate secretion independent of existing plasma concentrations under normal stable conditions.
Self-organized, ordered array of coherent orthogonal column nanostructures in epitaxial La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 thin films

We report direct transmission electron microscopy evidence of self-organized, ordered array of coherent orthogonal column nanostructures in epitaxial La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSMO) thin films grown on (001) LaAlO3 (LAO) using pulsed-laser ablation. The orthogonal column nanostructures have an orthorhombic structure and are epitaxially grown on a continuous cubic perovskite LSMO thin-film layer that is epitaxially grown on (001) LAO substrate. The orthogonal column nanostructures exhibit a narrow size distribution, with the short edges having a length of about 25 nm and the long edge (growth direction) of ∼70 nm. The short edges are parallel to the [100] and [010] directions of LAO. All columns are encapsulated by uniformly thick amorphous-like grain boundaries and are “quasi” periodically arranged along the [100] and [010] directions of LAO. The continuous epitaxial layer of cubic perovskite structure grows along the [001] direction with an in-plane orientation relationship with respect to the substrate of 〈100〉LSMOC∥〈100〉LAO, while the orthorhombic column structures grow along its [110] direction with an in-plane orientation relationship of [110]LSMOO∥[100]LAO and [001]LSMOO∥[010]LAO. The spontaneous formation of such self-organized, coherent column nanostructures can be considered to follow a type of Stranski–Krastanov growth mode without Oswald ripening.
Biometric authentication revisited: understanding the impact of wolves in sheep's clothing

Biometric security is a topic of rapidly growing importance, especially as it applies to user authentication and key generation. In this paper, we describe our initial steps towards developing evaluation methodologies for behavioral biometrics that take into account threat models which have largely been ignored. We argue that the pervasive assumption that forgers are minimally motivated (or, even worse, naive), or that attacks can only be mounted through manual effort, is too optimistic and even dangerous. To illustrate our point, we analyze a handwriting-based key-generation system and show that the standard approach of evaluation significantly overestimates its security. Additionally, to overcome current labor-intensive hurdles in performing more accurate assessments of system security, we present a generative attack model based on concatenative synthesis that can provide a rapid indication of the security afforded by the system. We show that our generative attacks match or exceed the effectiveness of forgeries rendered by the skilled humans we have encountered.
NOx reduction on Ceria: Impact of lean-rich cycling

Abstract NOx storage and reduction (NSR) is a cyclic catalytic process that eliminates NOx from lean burn vehicles. Lean-rich switching can achieve a higher conversion than steady state operation. There is an active debate about the NOx reduction mechanism for NSR catalysts containing CeO2 (ceria), particularly at high temperatures and fast cycle frequency. In order to isolate the role of ceria, we examine the performance of a ceria-washcoated monolith for a wide range of operating conditions, including temperature, cycling frequency, reductant type and feed concentration of oxidants (O2, CO2 and H2O). The results reveal enhancement of NO conversion with faster cycling particularly at elevated temperatures (> 550 °C). The data are consistent with a cyclic mechanism in which oxygen vacancies are created during the rich feed through reduction by H2, CO, or C3H6 and filled during the lean feed through NO and/or O2 oxidation. An excess of O2 is detrimental to NO conversion, due to the competing oxidation of reduced ceria by O2. The data reveal that at least two types of vacancy sites participate in the cyclic redox process. Surface vacancy sites provide rapid NO reduction, while utilization of bulk vacancy sites is slowed by solid-state diffusion limitations. For a fixed duty cycle, lean/rich switching operation is superior to steady-state operation and an optimal lean/rich switching frequency exists for different reaction conditions. Fast cycling is especially favorable for stoichiometric feeds or cycle-averaged rich feeds.
Image Transport through Anderson Localization

Anderson localization has been a subject of intense research for sixty years. It is highly desirable to harness its curious and interesting properties in practical applications. I will survey recent advances in this direction by using this phenomenon for high-quality image transport in optical fibers.
Daratumumab-based therapies in patients with AL amyloidosis.

8053Background: Treatment options for patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory (RR) AL amyloidosis are limited. Daratumumab (dara) has been approved as monotherapy (DMT) or combination therapy (DCT) for multiple myeloma (MM). Data for dara-based therapy (DBT) in AL are sparse. Methods: We studied pts with RR AL without coexisting MM seen at Mayo Clinic from 11/2015 to 02/2018 & treated with DBT. Hematologic response (HR) & organ response (OR) were defined per Consensus criteria. All time to event analyses were done from the time of DBT initiation. Pts with dFLC < 4 mg/dL at the time of start of DBT were considered non evaluable (NE) for HR other than disease progression. DCT included dara, pomalidomide & dexamethasone (dex) (35%), dara, lenalidomide & dex (26%), dara, bortezomib & dex (22%) & other DBT regimens (17%). Results: 45 pts (DMT, n = 22; DCT, n = 23) received DBT; median age at DBT initiation was 64 years (range: 46-82). Data for HR assessment were available in 44 pts & 31 were evaluable for HR. ...
Design Of An Electron Energy Analyzer For Dc And Laser Activated Emission From A Carbon Fiber Cathode Using Electron Optics

A carbon fiber cathode is currently being investigated by the Air Force Research Lab as an electron source for use in compact microwave sources and electron microscopes. Cathode characterization includes determining the electron energy spectrum emitted by the cathode when illuminated by an ultra-short pulse laser and during DC field emission. An electrostatic electron energy analyzer is developed to measure this spread. Electrons are assumed to diverge from the cathode tip at $100 ^{o}$, requiring an electron optics system to insure that the electrons enter normal to the electrostatic electron energy analyzer. In DC field emission mode, the electrons will be accelerated across $\sim 3$ kV during extraction. This extraction energy must be removed while maintaining the ability to measure electron energy with a resolution of at least one quarter of an eV. The electron optics must also operate in the laser activated mode, which will have an extraction voltage of 100 V. The geometry must be configured such that the laser can access the cathode. An electron optics system was designed to achieve these conditions for both the DC field emission and laser activated modes. Multiphysics software was used to model the system and test the electron optics design and energy analyzer.
Gross Domestic Product

Gross domestic product is defined. Keywords: depreciation; inflation; nominal income and prices
Radiative Properties of Coal Ash Deposits with Sintering Effects

The heat-transfer characteristics in the fireside of a pulverized-coal furnace are affected, among other factors, by the physical and chemical characteristics of the ash deposits. Indeed, the physical state of the ash deposits and their chemical composition determine the radiative and conductive properties of the furnace walls. Particularly, several complex mechanisms are involved in the radiative heat-transfer process at the walls that restricts the absorption of the incident radiation of the flame, particles, and hot gases. These mechanisms involve dependencies on the radiation spectrum due to the ash chemical composition and ash-sintering effects that enhance or hinder the overall heat transfer. In this paper, we discuss the complex mechanisms that describe the heat exchange in the presence of ash deposits and their impact on the prediction of the wall emissivity and ultimately the wall heat transfer in a real system.