cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, patterns and predictors of depression treatment among community-dwelling older adults with stroke in the United States: a cross sectional study.

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric conditions among stroke survivors and is associated with several negative health outcomes. However, little is known about the depression treatment patterns among stroke survivors. The objective of this study was to examine national-level prevalence, patterns and predictors of depression treatment among community-dwelling stroke survivors. This study adopted a retrospective, cross-sectional study design using multiple years of Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) (2002–2012) data. The study population consisted of older adults (age ≥ 50 years) who (i) were stroke survivors (ICD-9-CM codes of 430–438), (ii) did not die during the calendar year, and (iii) had co-occurring depression (ICD-9-CM code of 296.xx, or 311.xx). Depression treatment, identified by antidepressant medication and/or psychotherapy use, was the dependent variable of this study. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of individual level factors with depression treatment among stroke survivors with co-occurring depression. The final study sample consisted 370 (unweighted) community-dwelling older adults with self-reported stroke and depression. The prevalence of co-occurring depression among stroke survivors was 22.03% [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 19.7–24.4%]. An overwhelming majority (87.6%) of stroke survivors with co-occurring depression reported some form of depression treatment. Antidepressants only and combination therapy was reported by 74.8% (95% CI, 71.6–78.0%] and 12.8% (95% CI, 10.5–15.1%) by stroke survivors with co-occurring depression respectively. Approximately, 61% of stroke survivors with co-occurring depression reported using SSRIs, followed by SNRIs (15.2%), miscellaneous antidepressants (12.1%), TCAs (9.8%), phenylpiperazine antidepressants (5.2%), and tetracyclic antidepressants (4%). Sertraline (15.8, 95% CI, 12.7–19.0%) had the highest reported use among individual antidepressants. Vast majority (nearly 90%) of the study sample received some form of depression treatment and several individual level factors (such as age, education) were associated with the report of depression treatment use. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to assess the comparative treatment benefits of antidepressants, psychotherapy and their combination. Healthcare providers should carefully assess the risks and benefits of antidepressant (such as SSRIs or TCAs) use in this vulnerable population prior to their use.
Simulation of separated flow past a bluff body using Navier-Stokes equations

An analysis is developed for simulating two-dimensional flow past a bluff body, using the incompressible unsteady Navier-Stokes equations in terms of vorticity and stream function. The conservation-law form of the equations is employed, in generalized orthogonal curvilinear coordinates, using the contravariant component of the vorticity. The fully implicit time-marching alternating-direction implicit-block Gaussian elimination (ADI-BGE) method employed is a direct method, with second-order spatial accuracy and, hence, avoids introduction of any artificial viscosity. This unsteady analysis has been carefully applied to simulate flow past a circular cylinder with and without symmetry, requiring the use of either the half or the full cylinder, respectively. For the latter configuration, at early time levels, the evolution of some flow characteristics in the near wake is compared extensively with existing experimental data, in order to partially validate the present analysis. For the half-cylinder configuration, the asymptotic flow structure predicted by the present analysis conforms, to some extent, with the existing numerical and analytical solutions. This analysis has the potential advantage of computing symmetric unstable modes as well as solution bifurcations which may result for flow up to Reynolds number Re = 104 or even Re = 105.
The need for transcription and translation for differentiation of bone marrow cells by thymic factors in man.

The exact mechanism by which the thymus influences differentiation of bone marrow precursor cells into thymocytes after their migration into its environment is not fully understood. Studies in vitro with normal human marrow cells (1, 2) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) (3) have demonstrated that one or more small populations of cells are inducible to express T cell markers after incubation in the presence of human or calf thymic factors. The molecular nature of the steps induced by these factors prior to the appearance of specific markers on the cell membrane are unknown. In an attempt to elucidate the mode of action of thymic factors on precursor human marrow cells in vitro, we have studied the effect produced by partially purified human thymic factors (HTF) on RNA and protein synthesis in different marrow cell populations, isolated by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation (2). In addition, we have studied the effect of specific inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis on these events during incubation of the different marrow cell populations with HTF.
Teaching Qualitative Marketing Research: An Experiential Approach.

The demand for marketing researchers is at an all-time high and continues to grow. Yet a disconnect exists between marketing research in industry and in academia; qualitative research is standard i...
Upscaling panel size for Cu plating on FOPLP (Fan Out Panel Level Packaging) applications to reduce manufacturing cost

Abstract Electrolytic metal deposition is a key process step in the manufacturing of vertical and horizontal interconnections used in today's PCBs and IC substrates on one hand and advanced packaging applications on the other hand. Historically both application areas were clearly defined and separated by different requirements in feature sizes and substrate formats. PCBs and IC substrates were based on organic large scale substrates with rather large features while advanced packaging technology is wafer based with the capability to incorporate fine features down to a few microns. The ever increasing demand of higher performance, lower cost and thinner end user devices like smartphones require intense developments and innovation in all areas of the electronic component design including the substrate and chip packaging. Latest manufacturing technologies in both areas like fan-out wafer level packaging and advanced substrates are constantly emerging and promise to be a critical piece to meet these requiremen...
Triangle singularity in the production of X ( 3872 ) and a photon in e + e − annihilation

If the $X(3872)$ is a weakly bound charm-meson molecule, it can be produced in ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ annihilation by the creation of ${D}^{*0}{\overline{D}}^{*0}$ from a virtual photon followed by the rescattering of the charm-meson pair into $X$ and a photon. A triangle singularity produces a narrow peak in the cross section for ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}X\ensuremath{\gamma}$ about 2.2 MeV above the ${D}^{*0}{\overline{D}}^{*0}$ threshold. We predict the normalized cross section in the region near the peak. The peak from the triangle singularity may be observable by the BESIII detector.
The re-usability of heat-exposed poly (ethylene terephthalate) powder for laser sintering

Abstract Selective laser sintering, also called laser sintering (LS), is an additive manufacturing process that requires micronized plastic powder. Recently, we showed poly (ethylene terephthalate (PET) powder is a suitable material for LS, with a comparable printing performance as the current front-runner, polyamide 12 (PA12). However, the LS process, by its nature, leaves unused powder that has been exposed to heat for prolonged time, and this powder may not be fully re-usable due to degradation. In this work, the re-use potential of heat-exposed PET powder is established. This is a matter of crucial importance as powders suitable for LS are very expensive, and the powder left after a building episode has to be re-used. Heat-exposed PA12 has to be blended or refreshed with virgin powder, to avoid printing defects. In contrast, heat-exposed PET powder, after 96 h at 210 °C, could be used, without refreshing with a portion of virgin powder. The printed articles from heat-exposed powders were as good as those from the fresh powder. There was no cross-linking and there was only a minor increase in the molecular weight of the powder after 96 h, at 210 °C.
Third-order nonlinear optical properties of phycobiliproteins from cyanobacteria and red algae

Abstract Second hyperpolarizability (γ) measurements as well as third harmonic generation (THG) imaging was performed to determine if phycobiliproteins contribute to cyanobacteria THG, and to establish if phycobiliproteins are suitable dyes for THG microscopy. Three phycobiliproteins and one phycobilin were investigated via THG ratio γ measurements, revealing phycocyanobilin has ~7× higher γ than β-carotene, a standard THG dye. Phycobiliproteins also had large γ values, showing they are promising THG dyes. Stoichiometric summations of phycobilin γ values revealed they are the dominant source of THG signal from phycobiliproteins. THG imaging was performed to demonstrate phycobiliproteins and phycobilins can be useful THG dyes.
Characterizing Swisher Little Cigar-Related Posts on Twitter in 2018: Text Analysis.

Background: Little cigars are growing in popularity in the United States, and Swisher is the market leader. The contexts and experiences associated with the use of Swisher-related products is understudied, but such information is available via publicly available posts on Twitter. Objective: This study aimed to analyze Twitter posts to characterize Twitter users’ recent experiences with Swisher-related products. Methods: Twitter posts containing the term “swisher” were analyzed from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018. Text classifiers were used to identify topics in posts (n=81,333). Results: The most prevalent topic was Person Tagging (mentioning a Twitter account in a post; 32.77%), followed by Flavors (eg, Grape and Strawberry; 20.96%) and Swisher use (eg, smoke swisher; 17.44%). Additional topics included Cannabis use (eg, blunt, roll, and gut swisher; 6.26%), Appeal (eg, like Swisher; 5.92%), Dislike (eg, posts that showed dissatisfaction with Swisher products; 3.53%), Purchases (eg, buy swisher; 1.90%), and Cigar comparison (eg, mentions of other cigar products including White-owl and Backwoods; 1.64%). Conclusions: This paper describes common contexts and experiences associated with the use of Swisher little cigars from the population posting on Twitter in 2018. These online messages may have offline consequences for tobacco-related behaviors, indicating the need for countering from public health officials. Findings should inform us about targets for surveillance, policy, and interventions addressing Swisher little cigars as well as communication planning and tobacco product counter messaging on Twitter.
[Analysis of malaria epidemic situation in Pingguo County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 1951 to 2014].

OBJECTIVE To explore the law and distribution characteristics of malaria prevalence in Pingguo County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the targeted control strategy and measures after malaria elimination. METHODS The data of malaria epidemic situation in Pingguo County from 1951 to 2014 were collected and analyzed with the retrospective epidemiological method. RESULTS From 1951 to 2014, there were 71 365 malaria cases reported in the county. The malaria incidence dropped from 429.43/10 000 in 1960 to 0 in 1993. Since 2002, there was no local endogenous infection case reported. In 1993, this county achieved the standard of malaria elimination basically, and in 2014, passed the examination and evaluation of malaria elimination. CONCLUSIONS In Pingguo County, the comprehensive malarial control strategy is effective in different stages. In the future, the monitoring of mobile population and dealing with imported malaria cases timely is the key of consolidation of malaria control achievements.
2-D Strain FET (2D-SFET) Based SRAMs—Part I: Device-Circuit Interactions

In this article, we analyze the characteristics of a recently conceived steep switching device 2-D Strain FET (2D-SFET) and present its circuit implications in the context of 6T-SRAM. We discuss the dependence of 2D-SFET characteristics on key design parameters, showing up to $2.7\times $ larger ON-current and 35% decrease in subthreshold swing when compared to 2D-FET. We analyze the performance of 2D-SFET (as drop-in replacement for standard 2D-FET) in 6T-SRAM for a range of design parameters and compare those to 2D-FET 6T-SRAM. 2D-SFET 6T-SRAM achieves up to 5.7% lower access time, 63% higher write margin, and comparable hold margin, but at the cost of comparable to 11% lower read stability and 16% increase in write time. In Part II of this article, we mitigate the read stability issues of 2D-SFET SRAMs by proposing ${V}_{{\mathrm {B}}}$ -enabled SRAM designs.
Day-of-the-week variations and temporal instability of factors influencing pedestrian injury severity in pedestrian-vehicle crashes: A random parameters logit approach with heterogeneity in means and variances

Abstract Using pedestrian-vehicle crash data in North Carolina from 2007 to 2018, this study explores the potential variation in the influence of factors affecting pedestrian injury severity in different time periods (weekday/weekend and three-year period). To capture unobserved heterogeneity, random parameters logit models with heterogeneity in means and variances are employed. In developing the model, several categories of factors are considered, including characteristics of the pedestrian, driver, crash, locality and roadway, time and environment, traffic control, and work zone. Transferability tests are conducted to examine the possible temporal instability of the estimation results between different time periods. According to the results, factors such as “ambulance rescue” and “curved roadway” produce temporally stable effects on pedestrian injury severity. However, strong temporal instabilities in effects on pedestrian injury severity are found for most factors across the three-year period and the weekday/weekend. In regard to structure, the model offers more insights by accounting for possible heterogeneity in the means and variances of the random parameters. Detailed policy-related recommendations are provided based on the analysis results. The findings of this work should be helpful to policymakers in future planning on safety improvements for pedestrians within the transportation system.
The need to incorporate communities in compartmental models

Tian et al provide a framework for assessing population-level interventions of disease outbreaks through the construction of counterfactuals in a large-scale, natural experiment assessing the efficacy of mild, but early interventions compared to delayed interventions The technique is applied to the recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak with the population of Shenzhen, China acting as the mild-but-early treatment group and a combination of several US counties resembling Shenzhen but enacting a delayed intervention acting as the control To help further the development of this framework and identify an avenue for further enhancement, we focus on the use and potential limitations of compartmental models In particular, compartmental models make assumptions about the communicability of a disease that may not perform well when they are used for large areas with multiple communities where movement is restricted To illustrate this phenomena, we provide a simulation of a directed percolation (outbreak) process on a simple stochastic block model with two blocks The simulations show that when transmissibility between two communities is severely restricted an outbreak in two communities resembles a primary and secondary outbreak potentially causing policy and decision makers to mistake effective intervention strategies with noncompliance or inefficacy of an intervention AMS 2000 subject classifications: Primary 37M05;secondary 62P10 © 2021 All Rights Reserved
The Ideological Stakes of Rural Broadband in Georgia

Rural areas in Georgia are systemically underserved by internet corporations, leaving local, state, and federal governmental agencies to try and fill the gap. Additionally, though, in the last few years, electric membership cooperatives (EMCs), historically tasked with rolling out and maintaining electrical infrastructure, have struggled with the state’s charge to facilitate internet access in rural Georgia. This paper analyzes the history of EMCs, current legislative activity, and broadband deployment strategies within the theoretical framework of multi-stakeholder processes and using ideology as proxy for deliberation.
A Case Study Heller Financial

First, the goal of this paper is to examine this case study about Heller Financial as they focus on enterprise risk management (ERM), credit risk (CR) and operational risk management (ORM). Heller Financial began implementing the process that would evaluate the overall procedures that now makes their ERM program successful. Heller decided that they would adapt to risk management a process that would eventually lead senior management to create a Credit Risk Officer (CRO) as well as, the creation the (ORO) Operational Risk Officer. Both of these officers, Heller believes will contribute to the sustainability at Heller Financial, in an attempt to avoid credit risk exposure, management risk exposure, and operational risk exposure.
A Full-Duplex Rake Receiver Using RF Code-Domain Signal Processing for Multipath Environments

This article presents a full-duplex (FD) rake receiver (RX) that uses the orthogonality properties of pseudo-noise (PN) codes to reject transmitter (TX) self-interference (SI) in the RF domain, allowing simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) operation in the same frequency channel. The rake RX also exploits multipath propagation in wireless channels and PN code orthogonality to gather signals across multipath components to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) while avoiding the fading effects of multipath channels. The rake RX shares a low-noise amplifier (LNA) between the three rake fingers and a high-linearity baseband (BB) section with the second-order filtering to improve the rejection with low power consumption. Measurements indicate that TX SI rejection is 41.2 dB in the RF domain with 9-dB SNR improvement in a multipath channel. The rake RX is implemented in a 45-nm RFSOI CMOS process and occupies an active area of 1.6 mm2 while consuming 45.8 mW per finger, including clock power consumption.
Cancer screenings during the COVID-19 pandemic: An analysis of public interest trends.

Abstract Introduction The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted breast, colon, prostate, and lung cancer screenings in the U.S. by decreasing screening numbers.​We believe multiple types of cancer screenings may have been impacted during the pandemic as a result of cancellations of elective procedures and patient fear of seeking cancer screenings during a pandemic and that Google Trends may be a marker to estimate screening usage. Methods Google Trends (trends.google.com) was utilized to assess public interest in multiple cancer types. We then constructed a forecasting model to determine the expected search interest had the pandemic not occurred. We then compared our models to actual screening usage during the pandemic. Results Public interest in cancer screenings decreased precipitously at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that the Google Trends estimated the decrease in mammogram usage 25.8% below the actual value. Similarly, Google Trends estimated the decrease in colon cancer screening usage 9.7% below the true value. Discussion We found the decrease in public interest in breast and colon cancer screenings slightly underestimated the actual screening usage numbers, suggesting Google Trends may be utilized as an indicator for human behavior regarding cancer screening, particularly with colon and breast cancer screenings. If the negative trend in cancer screening continues and missed screenings are not appropriately corrected for, socioeconomic and racial disparities in cancer diagnoses, morbidity, and mortality will widen.
Radiation Therapy as Bridging Treatment to CAR T Cell Therapy in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Purpose/Objective(s) Anti-CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CART) is a new treatment option for patients with relapsed and/or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). We reviewed the outcomes of patients receiving CART and the potential role of bridging radiation therapy (bRT) in reducing local recurrences. Materials/Methods Following IRB approval, we retrospectively reviewed 120 patients with NHL who received CART between 2018 and 2020 at a multi-site single institution. Baseline clinical and treatment characteristics were compared between patients who received bRT (≤30 days prior to CART or after leukapheresis) and those who did not using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Overall-survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were defined from date of CART infusion and estimated by Kaplan-Meier curves. Response rate was based on the post-CART PET scan with the best attained response. Results Of 120 patients who received CART, 2 (1.7%) died soon after CART infusion from infection. Of the 118 remaining patients (88% diffuse large B-cell, 7.5% high-grade B-cell, 2.5% mantle cell, 2% primary mediastinal B-cell), 14 (12%) received bRT, while 104 (88%) did not (noRT). There were no significant differences in the baseline clinicopathological characteristics between the two groups. bRT was delivered with a median dose of 20 Gy (range 15-36) in 5 fractions (range: 3-24). No grade 2+ radiation-related toxicities were noted. Median time between end of bRT and the CART infusion was 19 days (range: 8-38). Rates of grade > 2 ICANS (21% vs 16%; P = .70) and CRS (7% vs 2%; P = .32) were not significantly different between bRT and noRT, respectively. Median follow-up was 7 months (range: 1-31). There were 42 (36%) deaths: 31 due to progression, 9 due to infection and 2 of unknown causes. The 6-month and 1-year OS were 67% and 67% for the bRT, and 76% and 63% for the noRT groups, respectively (P = .96). The median time to CART failure for the cohort was 78 days (range: 22-627). The 6-month and 1-year PFS were 47% and 47% for the bRT, and 47% and 42% for the noRT groups, respectively (P = .73). Median time to achieve the best response on PET scan was 30 days (range 22-382). Sixty patients (51%) achieved complete remission to CART, 7 (50%) in the bRT group and 53 (51%) in the noRT group, while 40 (34%) achieved partial remission, 5 (36%) in the bRT group and 35 (34%) in the noRT group (P = .97). For the entire cohort, pattern of failure analysis revealed that progression in pre-existing sites alone or in combination with new sites was the predominant site of failure in the bRT and noRT groups (86% and 88%, respectively). However, 71.4% of progressions in the bRT group occurred outside the RT field (n = 5), compared to 28.6% (n = 2) inside the RT field. Conclusion Bridging RT prior to CAR T-cell infusion is well tolerated and appears to provide excellent in-field local control. Large prospective studies evaluating the value of integrating bRT with CAR T-cell therapy are needed.
COVID-19-Related Disruptions to HIV Testing and Prevention Among Young Sexual Minority Men 17-24 Years Old: A Qualitative Study Using Synchronous Online Focus Groups, April-September 2020.

Prior research has highlighted the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV prevention services within the U.S., but few studies have explored this impact through an exploratory, qualitative lens. In this study, we sought to highlight the voices of young sexual minority men (YSMM) 17-24 years old and explored the perceived impact of the pandemic on HIV prevention among a diverse, nationwide sample of YSMM who participated in synchronous online focus group discussions between April and September 2020. Forty-one YSMM described the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV testing and prevention services, including limited and disrupted access to HIV testing, HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and HIV post-exposure prophylaxis. COVID-19-related challenges were compounded by ongoing, pre-COVID-19 barriers experienced by YSMM in the U.S. For instance, many YSMM relocated back home with family, causing men to avoid HIV prevention services for fear of outing themselves to relatives. YSMM also worried about placing their family at increased risk of COVID-19 by attending clinical appointments. YSMM who did seek HIV prevention services, including access to PrEP, experienced significant barriers, including limited appointment availability and services not tailored to YSMM. Further efforts are needed to support YSMM re-engaging in HIV prevention during and after the COVID-19 era.
Discrete-time extensions of mixed-/spl mu/ bounds to monotonic and odd monotonic nonlinearities

Using the parameter-dependent Lyapunov function framework of Haddad and Bernstein this paper extends and connects some of the classical absolute stability results on discrete-time systems with monotonic and odd monotonic feedback nonlinearities to modern robust stability and performance problems for constant real parameter uncertainty. As in the continuous-time case, it is shown that an immediate application of this framework provides a generalization and reformulation of discrete-time mixed-/spl mu/ theory in terms of Lyapunov functions and Riccati equations while blending H/sub 2/ robust performance within the /spl mu/ framework.
Sustained muscle contraction induced by agonists, growth factors, and Ca2+ mediated by distinct PKC isozymes

The role of protein kinase C (PKC) in sustained contraction was examined in intestinal circular and longitudinal muscle cells. Initial contraction induced by agonists (CCK-8 and neuromedin C) was abolished by1) inhibitors of Ca2+ mobilization (neomycin and dimethyleicosadienoic acid), 2) calmidazolium, and3) myosin light chain (MLC) kinase (MLCK) inhibitor KT-5926. In contrast, sustained contraction was not affected by these inhibitors but was abolished by 1) the PKC inhibitors chelerythrine and calphostin C, 2) PKC-e antibody, and 3) a pseudosubstrate PKC-e inhibitor. GDPβS abolished both initial and sustained contraction, whereas a Gαq/11 antibody inhibited only initial contraction, implying that sustained contraction was dependent on activation of a distinct G protein. Sustained contraction induced by epidermal growth factor was inhibited by calphostin C, PKC-α,β,γ antibody, and a pseudosubstrate PKC-α inhibitor. Ca2+ (0.4 μM) induced an initial contraction in permeabilized muscle cells that was blocke...
The potential for developing algebraic thinking from purposeful guessing and checking

Two contrasting problem solving episodes are presented in which a prealgebra student uses systematic guessing and checking to solve algebra word problems with the underlying structure: "For a given y, m, and b, find x such that y=mx+b." The first episode illustrates how the student initially engages in systematic guessing and checking organized in a table (a "Guess and Check chart") to converge to the solution to a given word problem. The second episode describes the student's activity in a later problem solving session where he discovers a deterministic and essentially algebraic algorithm (linear interpolation) for solving word problems of this same form. The evolution of the student's thinking from purposeful guessing and checking to an algebraic algorithm illustrates that this activity structure can potentially offer a context in which the meaningful development of the fundamental concepts of variable, function, and rate of change can be engaged.
The Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Self-Esteem on the Compulsive and Non-Compulsive Buyers in NCR

In the post-modern consumerist economies, the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is circumvented at a faster pace. As a result of the impact of globalization and the forces of post-modern consumerism, the hierarchy of needs of individual is moving unnaturally, not exactly in the same order as Maslow predicted in the continuum. In the past few decades compulsive buying has moved from anonymity to a frequently mentioned topic in many of our leading institutions ranging from the various forms of media to the courts. In fact, compulsive buying is now commonly recognized and addressed by psychiatrists globally and has become an issue of serious concern. The present investigation is unique in its approach in studying the comparison of the psychological characteristics of compulsive and non-compulsive buyers in an emerging economy, India. The current study aims to address the current knowledge of compulsive buying and address key facets of its social circumstance and construction specifically in the metropolitan region of NCR (New Delhi, India).The current research will help in improving the limited understanding, and examine how self-esteem is a key motivator, which makes individuals more vulnerable to compulsive buying. There is paucity of research on how self-esteem influences compulsive buying behaviour. The current research will be particularly helpful to comprehend the behaviour of young adults of emerging countries like India who are most susceptible to be influenced by globalization and consumerism and are particularly concerned about elevating their self-image and status. Additionally, the present research aims to improve understanding of compulsive buying and better predict this growing consumer phenomenon in emerging economies like India
Principles of Trauma Therapy: A Guide to Symptoms, Evaluations, and Treatment, by John Briere and Catherine Scott

A 40-year-old woman arrives at a community mental health clinic claiming to have posttraumatic stress disorder due to a beating she experienced at her nearby housing project. Neighbors report that ...
The effect of field orientation on current transfer in multifilamentary superconductors

Experimental data and discussion are presented on the current distribution along the length of a superconducting wire when subjected to multiple parallel and perpendicular magnetic fields. The experimental data were taken on a rectangular pancake coil with the applied magnetic field in the plane of the coil. These data indicate that significant current transfer occurs in the first and last perpendicular magnetic field sections and little transfer occurs between these two sections. The implication for superconducting magnet design will also be discussed.
The size of national assemblies

Abstract A simple model is presented, to express the size of national (and provincial) assemblies in terms of the size of the total population and of its degree of social mobilization. The basic assumption is that efficiency is optimized when the number of communication channels within the assembly equals the number of interest aggregation channels in each constituency. Adult literacy is taken as a measure of social mobilization. This leads to the equation A = (2LWP 0 ) 1 3 N where A is the assembly size, LW is the fraction of literate adults in the total population P 0 , and N is a term representing the effects of all other factors. For the model to be valid, the world-wide average of log N should be zero, and its range should be small compared to the range of log A . This is so, indeed.
Transient neurogenic bladder in genital herpes

Summary Transient retention of urine has been observed in seven cases of genital herpes. The presence of pain radiating down the back of thigh and calves indicating inflammed sacral ganglia was noted in all cases. There was a good response to a parasympathominetic drug in those with recurrent attacks. For those with primary herpes, catheterisation remained the only effective therapeutic manoeuver.
Influences of Cartilaginous Rings on Tracheobronchial Fluid Dynamics

AbstractFluid dynamics patterns within tracheobronchial (TB) airways reflect interactions between cartilaginous rings and inspiratory flow rates. The results of supercomputer simulations performed herein were complex, yet systematic. The effects of cartilaginous rings upon TB fluid dynamics patterns were investigated using FIDAP software. A sequence of cartilaginous ring morphologies was examined. The distributions of rings varied from contiguous to spaced. A range of physiologically realistic flow conditions was simulated corresponding to these physical states: sedentary, light, and heavy activity. At the lowest inspiratory flow rate (14 L min−1) the primary convection flow within an airway occupied a prominent portion of its cross-sectional area and ring effects were confined along the rough surface. At the highest inspiratory flow rate (120 L min−1) the core flow was very narrow, with the disturbances created at the irregular walls being propagated to the very center of the airway. The fluid dynamics a...
Mothers’ and Adolescents’ Perceptions of Family Environment and Adolescent Social-Emotional Functioning

Research has emphasized the importance of the relationship between family functioning and adolescent behavioral development. The present study examines family environment and social-emotional functioning of primarily minority adolescents, viewed from both adolescents’ and mothers’ perspectives. Participants were a school-based sample of adolescents with and without risk for emotional and behavioral disabilities and their mothers (N = 86 dyads). Results suggested an association between the mothers’ views of their adolescent children’s problem behaviors and the adolescents’ self-ratings of risk-taking behaviors across 5 years. Overall, mothers of the at risk youth receiving special education services reported higher ratings of youth problem behaviors, but results also indicated that mothers of the at risk adolescent boys not receiving special education services perceived greater depressive symptoms in their children and more family conflict in their homes. Mothers of youth at risk but not receiving special education services experienced higher levels of stress associated with being a parent than mothers of the not-at-risk adolescents. The parent measures of adolescent behavior and depressive symptoms, family conflict, and parental stress were not predictive of the social-emotional functioning of these adolescents in the multilevel models. Implications of these findings for early identification and family focused intervention programs are discussed.
THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL TRAINING LABORATORIES UPON THE EFFECTIVENESS AND INTERACTION OF ONGOING WORK GROUPS

Summary The impact upon four work groups (N= 31) which participated in organizational training laboratory sessions is evaluated in comparison with eight similar groups (N= 60) which did not participate. Criteria were six-factored dimensions, each composed of items gathered from earlier interviews which group members perceived as problems. Significant changes occurred in training groups in the following three dimensions: group effectiveness, mutual influence, and personal involvement. No significant changes occurred in leader approachability, intragroup trust, or in the evaluation of group meetings. The relevance of a work unit participating in training as a total group, rather than each member participating in a separate session, is discussed.
Predation by Wild Coyotes: Behavioral and Ecological Analyses

Predatory behavior of coyotes ( Canis latrans ) was studied between 1977 and 1980 in the Grand Teton National Park, Jackson, Wyoming. Major prey were voles ( Microtus spp.), Uinta ground squirrels ( Spermophilus armatus ), pocket gophers ( Thomomys talpoides ), and grasshoppers (Locustidae). Coyotes typically rushed and ran down squirrels; when hunting mice, coyotes pounced and stabbed at them with their forepaws. Sequence structure was similar, though sequences directed to squirrels were significantly more variable. When juvenile coyotes hunted mice, sequences were similar to those performed by adults that hunted mice. Adults and juveniles were about equally successful. The size of prey last eaten influenced the interval until the next search was initiated; the larger the prey, the longer the interval. However, the time interval since the last capture and the outcome (capture or failure) of the next predatory attempt were not correlated. Durations of search, orient, and stalk were longer in short (<10 cm) grass than in tall grass; stalk, orient, and total durations also were more variable in short grass. Coyotes that hunted in short grass were more successful. Durations of all acts were shorter and coyotes were more successful in snow less than 10 cm deep than in deeper snow. Mean orient and total durations were more variable in deep snow. Height of ground-cover apparently affected coyote movements and the way in which cues from prey were perceived. Local wind conditions did not affect capture success. Coyotes were least successful when they hunted mice and more successful when they hunted squirrels. More time was spent searching and stalking squirrels.
Synthetic biology: Division of logic labour.

Cellular compartmentalization is an effective way to build gene circuits capable of complex logic operations, in which binary inputs are converted into binary outputs according to user-defined rules. See Letters p.207 & p.212 For the creativity of synthetic biologists to be unleashed, basic circuits must become truly interchangeable — that is, modular and scalable. Two papers in this week's Nature take steps towards that goal — one from the Escherichia coli camp and the other using yeast. Tamsir et al. harness bacterial 'quorum sensing' in E. coli and Regot et al. exploit yeast pheromone communication to achieve complex computation through communication between individual cells performing simple logic functions. Such extracellular 'chemical wiring' is one promising way to get around the difficulty of insulating different genetic circuits when these operate within a single cell.
Synthesis of strapped porphyrins: toward isolation of the chromophore on semiconductor surfaces.

Strapped porphyrins, designed to bind planar to semiconductor surfaces, were synthesized as model dyes to study the sensitization processes on metal oxide semiconductor nanoparticles surfaces. The strap was added to limit porphyrin−porphyrin stacking and contacts with the semiconductor, while constraining the anchoring groups’ orientation. Diester ZnPorOMe2 (2b) was made of a Zn(II) 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) with the 5 and 15 meso-phenyl groups tethered by a 1,4-phenylenebis(butyl-4-oxy) unit (the strap) and carrying a methylbenzoic ester (the anchoring group) in the meta position. The synthesis involved a useful intermediate, dibromide ZnPorOBr2 (2a). The X-ray structure of the corresponding metal-free H2PorOBr2 shows that, in the crystal, the strap is located on one side above the macrocycle and tilted with respect to the porphyrin plane. The characterization included 1H−1H COSY, 1H−13C HMQC, and DEPT. The spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of 2b varied little when compared to Zn...
Linear integro-differential-boundary-parameter problems

Necessary and sufficient conditions for a linear vector differential system, involving integral, boundary, and vector parameter terms, to be symmetric (self-adjoint) are developed and applied to obtain canonical forms for symmetric problems. In addition, the concept of the equivalence of two such linear problems under nonsingular transformations is examined, and a relationship between equivalence of a problem with its adjoint and symmetry is obtained.
Fantasy as Addition to Reality? An Exploration of Fantasy Aggression and Fantasy Aggrace-ion in Violent Media

In a generation where the average American spends two-thirds of their waking hours before a digitized screen, the arc of media influence consciously and unconsciously informs thoughts and behaviors. So pervasive is media’s influence, that for some the lines between fantasy and reality are blurred. This interdisciplinary study examines the long history of research connecting exposure to violent media (i.e., television, videogames, music, social networking sites) with heightened aggression. Utilizing tools of narrative inversion in Jesus’ parable of the Tenants, a model of care, particularly designed for youth engagement with media, is introduced that reframes fantasy aggression into a more compelling narrative capable of individual and collective transformation. (For an audiovisual introduction to this article please see uploaded video at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0GKbPjP4xbY&feature=email)
Metabolism of N6,O2′-[3H]dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate and macromolecular interactions of the products in perfused rat liver

Abstract The perfusion of rat liver with N6,O2′-[3H]dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (Bt2-cAMP) has been used as a method to evaluate the site(s) of action of cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP). The metabolites produced from [3H]Bt2-cAMP have been determined by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography and electrophoresis. The accumulation of [3H]Bt2-cAMP within the cell was associated with the formation of N6-monobutyryl cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (N6-Bt-cAMP) and a product tentatively identified as either N6-monobutyryl AMP or N6,O2′-dibutyryl AMP. The latter product achieved a higher concentration in the liver than any other metabolite of [3H]Bt2-cAMP. Gel filtration of cytosol performed rapidly after termination of perfusion identified binding of [3H]N6-Bt-cAMP and [3H]cAMP to the macromolecular fraction. This binding was only decreased slightly if all extraction procedures were performed in the presence of cAMP, thus indicating that the binding observed occurred while the cells were intact. The only binding species detected in cytosol could be attributed to the regulatory subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. This assignment was made on the basis of: (i) sedimentation characteristics (5.2 S), (ii) the interaction with the catalytic subunit of skeletal muscle cAMP-dependent protein kinase, (iii) the equivalent degree of dependence of this interaction with the catalytic subunit on ATP-Mg2+ in correlation with the isozyme composition of the protein kinase in rat liver, (iv) the binding to nitrocellulose membranes, and (v) the correlation of the extent of binding of [3H]N6-Bt-cAMP and [3H]cAMP with the amount of 3H-labeled nucleotides produced within the cell and with the respective Ka values of the two cyclic nucleotides for the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Treatment of the fraction with a 1:500 ratio of trypsin at 0 °C for 5 min results in the conversion of the binding species to a form that sediments at 3.2 S. A similar form was identified in extracts from frozen tissues, possibly due to the release of lysosomal proteases.
Basic-level emergency medical technician administration of fluids and glucose via enzyme-assisted subcutaneous infusion access.

Introduction During disasters and mass-casualty incidents (MCIs), there may be insufficient numbers of advanced life support (ALS) providers to provide intravenous (IV) access to all patients requiring parenteral fluids and/or medications. Enzyme-assisted subcutaneous infusion (EASI) access, in which human recombinant hyaluronidase (HRH) augments subcutaneous fluid dispersion and absorption, may be useful when ALS resources are insufficient to meet intravascular access needs. The utility of the use of the EASI lies, in part, in its ease of placement by ALS personnel. Objectives The objectives of this study were to document the feasibility, comfort, and speed/degree of infused-glucose uptake through EASI lines placed by basic-level emergency medical technicians (EMT-Bs). Methods Eighteen EMT-Bs instituted EASI access on each other. A total of 150 units (1 mL) of HRH were administered through the EASI line, followed by the administration of 250 mL of tracer-labeled D5W. Timed phlebotomy enabled gas chromatography/mass spectrometry characterization of glucose uptake. Enzyme-assisted subcutaneous infusion placement and comfort ratings were tracked and analyzed using non-parametric statistics and Fisher's Exact Test. Results In all 18 subjects, EASI access required only one attempt and was rated by the EMT-Bs as easy to accomplish. Glucose was absorbed quickly (within five minutes) in all subjects. The rate of infusion was rapid (median 393 mL/hour) and was comfortable for the recipients (median pain score 1/10). Conclusions The use of EASI may be viable as a fast, simple, and reliable method for the administration of fluid and glucose by EMT-Bs. Soremekun OA, Shear ML, Connolly J, Stewart CE, Thomas SH. Basic-level emergency medical technician administration of fluids and glucose via enzyme-assisted subcutaneous infusion access. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(3):1-6.
Atrial and accessory pathway activation direction in patients with orthodromic supraventricular tachycardia: Insights from vector mapping☆

Abstract Objectives. The purpose of this study was to utilize vector mapping to investigate atrial and accessory pathway activation direction during orthodromic supraventricular tachycardia. Background. Although advances have been made in the electrophysiologic evaluation and management of accessory pathways, our understanding of accessory pathway anatomy and physiology remains incomplete. Vector mapping has been validated as a method of studying local myocardial activation. Methods. In 28 patients with a left-sided or posteroseptal accessory atrioventricular (AV) pathway referred for ablation, atrial and accessory AV pathway activation direction was determined during ventricular pacing or orthodromic supraventricular tachycardia, or both, by summing three orthogonally oriented bipolar electrograms recorded from the coronary sinus to create three-dimensional vector loops. Atrial and accessory AV pathway activation direction was determined in all patients from the maximal amplitude vectors of the vector loops. Because of beat to beat variability in the directions of the vector loops, data from 8 of 28 patients could not be analyzed. Results. At 81 of 83 sites, atrial activation direction along the long axis of the coronary sinus corresponded with the direction suggested by activation time mapping. Activation direction along the anteroposterior and inferosuperior axes was variable, potentially due to variations in the level of the atrial insertion of the accessory AV pathway and in the depth or angling of pathway fibers in the AV fat pad. In eight patients, at least one recording was obtained at the site of an accessory AV pathway potential. Accessory AV pathway activation proceeded superiorly and to the right in seven of eight patients; in one patient with a posteroseptal pathway, accessory AV pathway activation proceeded superiorly and to the left. Conclusions. 1) Vector mapping is a useful technique for localizing accessory AV pathways; 2) left-sided accessory AV pathways angle from left to right as they traverse the AV groove; and 3) variable activation directions of the atrial myocardium adjacent to the coronary sinus suggest that accessory AV pathway insertion into the atrium differs from patient to patient.
Public debt, taxation, and capital intensiveness☆

This chapter provides an overview of the steady-state behavior and certain propositions in comparative dynamics, in particular, that across steady-state sign ( d Δ/ dk ) = signer( sr − n ). The chapter presents a full dynamic analysis. A certain stability analysis and a closely related assumption about uniqueness of the balanced growth state seems to be fundamental to Diamond's claim that d Δ/ dk d Δ/ dk d Δ/ dc > 0.
The devil is in the dust

Mars is a highly dynamic planet — at least as far as dust is concerned. A better knowledge of how dust is lofted into the atmosphere will help to untangle the complex evolutionary history of the planet's surface.