cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of bacteriocin from Streptococcus faecalis on microbial L-forms.

more susceptible than are parent bacterial forms to certain antibiotics [1], to killing action of serum [2], and to staphylococcal a-toxin or streptolysin S [3]. The present study was designed to compare the effect of bacteriocin from Streptococcus faecalis on bacterial and L-forms of strains of 5. faecalis and unrelated microbial species. A few studies were done with strains of Staphylococcus aureus and their L-forms, and several gram-negative bacteria and L-forms.
On fracture mechanics in lifting an ice sheet

The penetration of a wedge-like tool into an ice sheet at the interface with its substrate may develop a semi-elliptic interfacial crack. The Griffith energy-balance concept is employed to determine the critical conditions for interfacial crack propagation. The results show that an interfacial crack of any semi-elliptic shape tends to propagate in a stable manner and change the shape to a critical shape at which the propagation becomes unstable. The interfacial crack propagation may be interrupted by transverse fractures in the ice sheet.
Supercritical extraction of fat from phospholipid biomembrane structures

Abstract The objective of our work was to examine the supercritical-fluid extraction of fat from model biomembrane structures. Data are reported for supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of crude phosphatidylethanolamine, mixed phosphatidylethanolamine + tripalmitin, and phosphatidylethanolamine + tripalmitin model biomembrane structures at 313 K and 15.2 MPa. Extraction of the tripalmitin. from the structures was inhibited for the case of high phospholipid/tripalmitin ratios. No inhibition was observed for the case of low phospholipid/tripalmitin ratios. Extraction of tripalmitin from phospholipid/tripalmitin mixtures, not structures, was comparable to extractions of pure tripalmitin. Our experimental results indicate that pure fat solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide is insufficient for describing the limiting fat extraction from model biomembranes.
Psychotherapeutic approaches to the cancer patient

Three basic therapeutic approaches applicable to the majority of cancer patients are outlined and illustrated with case vignettes. They are: (1) Initial catharsis and validation of feelings, (2) Restoring communication impaired by denial, and (3) Understanding the psychological meaning of the illness. Using this framework, the therapist's professional skills may be organized toward specific interventions, thereby stabilizing the associated ego functions against the regression often induced by the anxieties mobilized by working with seriously ill patients.
Variation in static acute toxicity test results with Daphnia magna exposed to refinery effluents and reference toxicants

Toxicity tests were conducted with Daphnia magna exposed to refinery effluents and reference toxicants in order to compare inter- and intralaboratory variation in acute toxicity test results, and to evaluate the utility of conducted 24 h screening tests on effluents. Significant differences in dose-response curves and EC50 for animals exposed to reference toxicants occurred within and among laboratories. The 48-h EC50s and dose response slopes obtained within laboratories for any effluent sample were reproducible; however, variability among laboratories was considerable and dose-response slopes were not comparable. Analysis of screening test data using a fixed criterion, e.g., 80% survival after 24-h, indicated that survival proportions as low as 62.5% and as high as 92.5% were not significantly different from an 80% criterion.
Introduction of Compressive Residual Stresses in Ti-6Al-4V Simulated Airfoils via Laser Shock Processing

Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-64) simulated airfoils were laser shock processed with two laser power densities (4 and 9 GW/2) for each of three pulse repetition treatments (1, 3, and 5 shocks/spot). The microstructural effects of laser shock processing (LSP) on the Ti-64 were studied via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Ultrasonic nondestructive inspection (NDI) was conducted to ensure that the LSP treatments resulted in no internal damage to the simulated airfoils. In-depth residual stress and cold work measurements were made using x-ray diffraction. No substantial changes due to LSP were found in the microstructure, and no internal damage was detected during NDI or metallographic sectioning. It was found that the in-depth residual stress and cold work states induced by LSP were a function of laser power density and pulse repetition. It was possible to induce compressive residual stresses in the direction most critical for the prevention of fatigue-crack growth throughout the thickness of the simulated airfoil leading edge.
C-Reactive Protein in Giant Cell (Cranial, Temporal) Artentis

A controlled study of C-reactive protein in patients with and without temporal arteritis was performed. C-reactive protein was elevated in 10 of 11 patients with biopsy-proven temporal arteritis before treatment. It was positive in 14 of 32 control patients with negative temporal artery biopsies. This difference is statistically significant. C-reactive protein was elevated in 6 to 9 (depending on the adequacy of therapy) of 34 patients with temporal arteritis after corticosteroids were started. C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate are positively correlated in untreated arteritis. Clinical correlation showed C-reactive protein was more sensitive than the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in following the adequacy of corticosteroid dosages in temporal arteritis probably because many more noninflammatory factors influence erythrocyte sedimentation than influence C-reactive protein.
Learning from small data sets to improve assembly semiconductor manufacturing processes

The use of machine learning algorithms such as Gradient Boosting Trees (GBT) [1] and Random Forest (RF) [2] have enjoyed some successes [3, 4] for Intel class test yield prediction and analysis. However, we have not attempted it on Intel assembly data mainly due to the lack of Design of Experiment (DOE) data. In addition, it is a continual effort to reduce the cost of DOE for data-driven engineering decision. Clearly inadequacy of training data discourages proper machine learning for predictive modeling. We propose the use of machine learning algorithm to implement an adaptive-sequential (A-S) process and accuracy guard band concept for improved recipe generation process development. A chipset assembly process recipe generation process development use case is examined. It has demonstrated a 13–20 folds DOE sample size reduction with equal or better accuracy and coverage than the least square curve fitting method. The model is useful for accurate “What-if” process development simulation.
Genome-wide search for coaxial helical stacking motifs

Motif finding in DNA, RNA and proteins plays an important role in life science research. In this paper, we present a computational approach to searching for RNA tertiary motifs in genomic sequences. Specifically, we describe a method, named CSminer, and show, as a case study, the application of CSminer to genome-wide search for coaxial helical stackings in RNA 3-way junctions. A coaxial helical stacking motif occurs in an RNA 3-way junction where two separate helical elements form a pseudocontiguous helix and provide thermodynamic stability to the RNA molecule as a whole. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Circumcision for preventing urinary tract infections in boys: North American view

Commentary on the paper by Singh-Grewal et al (see page 853) Almost 20 years ago, Wiswell and colleagues1 found that uncircumcised infant boys had a 10-fold greater likelihood of having urinary tract infection (UTI) in the first year of life than boys who had been circumcised as newborns. That finding has been repeatedly confirmed, and the protective effect of newborn circumcision against UTI is well established, as documented in a 1992 meta-analysis of nine separate studies.1 A report from Sweden—where newborn circumcision is unusual—showed a preponderance of UTI in male infants,2 although UTI is much more common in older girls. The procedure at issue is newborn circumcision, because the younger the infant, the more likely and severe is the UTI and the greater the danger of sepsis and death. UTIs in infants manifest as pyelonephritis with high fever, usually requiring hospital admission and parenteral therapy, whereas UTI which develops later in life (usually cystitis) is milder and more easily treated. Imaging studies conducted after UTI in infants has resolved often show evidence of renal damage with scarring.3 In a 1997 Commentary in this journal, I indicated that Europe, in opposing circumcision, was ignoring compelling medical evidence.4 The reply concerning UTI was …
Skeletal muscle lipid accumulation in obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes

In addition to obesity, many factors, including the distribution of body fat, contribute to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Lipid contained within skeletal muscle as triglyceride is a parameter of regional fat accumulation thought to be an important link among obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes, even in the pediatric population. Intramuscular triglycerides can also be a fuel source for healthy muscle during periods of physical activity. Thus, the balance between storage and efficient utilization of muscle triglycerides is likely a key to a better understanding of the interaction between dysregulated fat and glucose metabolism by muscle in both adults and children. This review examines the evidence that muscle lipid accumulation is linked with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes of both adults and children. In addition, we explore the potential mechanisms for muscle lipid accumulation as well as the effects of weight loss and physical activity on muscle lipid. Further defining the links between muscle lipid accumulation and insulin action should help develop more effective strategies to prevent or treat type 2 diabetes and other obesity-associated disorders.
The effect of unilateral dorsal root ganglionectomies or ventral rhizotomies onα2-adrenoceptor binding to, and the substance P, enkephalin, and neurotensin content of, the cat lumbar spinal cord

The density of alpha 2-adrenoceptor binding sites and the content of substance P, enkephalins, and neurotensin were determined in quadrants of the lumbar spinal enlargement of control cats and of cats upon which either unilateral dorsal root ganglionectomies or unilateral ventral rhizotomies had been performed. The performance of unilateral dorsal root ganglionectomies resulted in a significant decrease (45-55%) of substance P content in the ipsilateral dorsal horn 7 and 21 days postoperatively. The concentration of alpha 2-adrenoceptor binding sites ([3H]rauwolscine Bmax) in the ipsilateral dorsal horn was consistently and significantly decreased at these same postganglionectomy times (20% reduced relative to the contralateral dorsal horn). Enkephalin content 7 and 21 days after ganglionectomies was not significantly different from control, whereas the neurotensin content of the ipsilateral dorsal horn was significantly increased in the 21-day survival cats. The performance of unilateral ventral rhizotomies did not produce any statistically significant changes in the density of alpha 2-adrenoceptor binding sites or in the substance P or enkephalin content of any spinal quadrant. The neurotensin content of both the ipsilateral dorsal and ipsilateral ventral quadrants of the ventral rhizotomized cats was significantly increased. The significant decrease of alpha 2-adrenoceptor binding site concentration in the ipsilateral dorsal horn after unilateral dorsal root ganglionectomies suggests that approximately 20% of the alpha 2-adrenoceptors present within the cat lumbar spinal dorsal gray are located on the axons or terminals of primary sensory afferents. Consistent with this interpretation of the ganglionectomy results, we found significant levels of saturable [3H]rauwolscine binding to homogenates of the cat L4-Sl spinal dorsal root ganglia. Because alpha 2-adrenoceptor binding sites in the ipsilateral ventral lumbar spinal gray were not significantly reduced after unilateral ventral rhizotomies, our results provide no evidence for the location of alpha 2-adrenoceptor on lumbar spinal motoneurons.
Vascular compliance limits during sleep deprivation and recovery sleep.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Our previous studies showed that evoked hemodynamic responses are smaller during wake compared to sleep; suggesting neural activity is associated with vascular expansion and decreased compliance. We explored whether prolonged activity during sleep deprivation may exacerbate vascular expansion and blunt hemodynamic responses. DESIGN Evoked auditory responses were generated with periodic 65 dB speaker clicks over a 72-h period and measured with cortical electrodes. Evoked hemodynamic responses were measured simultaneously with optical techniques using three light-emitting diodes, and a photodiode. SETTING Animals were housed in separate 30×30×80 cm enclosures, tethered to a commutator system and maintained on a 12-h light/dark cycle. Food and water were available ad libitum. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS Seven adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS Following a 24-h baseline recording, sleep deprivation was initiated for 0 to 10 h by gentle handling, followed by a 24-h recovery sleep recording. Evoked electrical and hemodynamic responses were measured before, during, and after sleep deprivation. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Following deprivation, evoked hemodynamic amplitudes were blunted. Steady-state oxyhemoglobin concentration increased during deprivation and remained high during the initial recovery period before returning to baseline levels after approximately 9-h. CONCLUSIONS Sleep deprivation resulted in blood vessel expansion and decreased compliance while lower basal neural activity during recovery sleep may allow blood vessel compliance to recover. Chronic sleep restriction or sleep deprivation could push the vasculature to critical levels, limiting blood delivery, and leading to metabolic deficits with the potential for neural trauma.
Randomized double-blind placebo controlled crossover trial documenting oral lorcainide efficacy in suppression of symptomatic ventricular tachyarrhythmias

Abstract Lorcainide, a new antiarrhythmic drug, was given to 10 patients with frequent (> 1/min) premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) on a baseline 24-hour Holter monitor. Each patient received lorcainide, 100 mg twice daily, and an identical placebo, in a randomized double-blind crossover trial, with 1 week in each treatment period. Before the trial and at the end of each period, routine laboratory, clinical evaluation, 12-lead ECG's, and 24-hour ambulatory ECG recordings were performed. Trough drug plasma concentration measurements were done at the end of each treatment period. All patients had reduction in PVCs, comparing drug to placebo, averaging 82.3 ± 19.7% (mean ± SD, p c intervals was evident during drug therapy, as was decrease in heart rate, but these changes were minimal. The major adverse effect noted was sleep disturbance, which was often initially severe, but improved during the week of therapy.
A reformulation of the two-sex problem.

The ability of classical stable population theory to determine the equilibrium growth rate and age structure of a population from its vital rates in a single period depends on assuming that the observed maternity rates are equilibrium rates. This paper resolves the two-sex problem by replacing the fixed, age-specific fertility schedule of classical stable population theory by two basic relationships: a “birth matrix” and a “mating rule.” Placing certain restrictions on the birth matrix and the mating rule (BMMR), I establish that under certain plausible conditions, the BMMR model solves the two-sex problem by allowing matings and births to adjust to changes in population structure. The BMMR model thus provides an equilibrating mechanism in place of a fixed maternity schedule of classical stable population theory.
Cardiovascular effects of and interaction between calcium blocking drugs and anesthetics in chronically instrumented dogs. VI. Verapamil and fentanyl-pancuronium.

To assess the interaction between verapamil and fentanyl-pancuronium, dogs were chronically instrumented to measure heart rate; PR interval; aortic, left ventricular, and left atrial pressures; and coronary, carotid, and renal blood flows. The effect of fentanyl citrate infusion on single-dose verapamil pharmacokinetics was examined in six animals. The effects of verapamil infusion (3 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 and 6 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) were examined in the conscious state and during fentanyl infusion plus pancuronium on two separate occasions in nine dogs. In addition, the effects of fentanyl citrate (500 micrograms.kg-1 followed by 1.5 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) were examined over 1 h of infusion. Fentanyl infusion did not affect single-dose verapamil pharmacokinetics. In the conscious animals, verapamil increased heart rate and PR interval, and slightly decreased LV dP/dt. Fentanyl combined with pancuronium increased mean arterial pressure and LV dP/dt. During fentanyl infusion, verapamil decreased mean arterial pressure and LV dP/dt, increased PR interval, and did not change heart rate. The hemodynamic effects of fentanyl infusion were steady over 1 h. In contrast to the inhalational anesthetics, which alter verapamil pharmacokinetics and have mainly additive effects with verapamil on left ventricular contractility, cardiac conduction, and regional blood flows, fentanyl-pancuronium had no effect on verapamil pharmacokinetics and minimal effect on verapamil pharmacodynamics in healthy dogs.
WHERE NOT TO FIND THE CRITICAL POINTS OF A POLYNOMIAL: VARIATION ON A PUTNAM THEME

(1995). Where Not to Find the Critical Points of a Polynomial—Variation on a Putnam Theme. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 102, No. 2, pp. 155-158.
Plug and Play Mission Operations

Ongoing and planned smallsat programs within NASA, the DoD, and academia have indicated a need to be able to routinely and efficiently operate multiple small spacecraft in support of science and technology missions. However, as the number of these missions is expected to grow rapidly, the associated costs to develop and operate unique ground control stations, tools, and networks may become prohibitive to the sponsoring organizations or universities. In order to inform and raise the awareness of the smallsat space operations community, the University of Hawai'i, NASA Ames Research Center, San Jose State University (SJSU) and American Institure of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) held a workshop entitled Plug ‘n’ Play Mission Operations (PPMO) which held May 16–17, 2011 at the SJSU campus in San Jose, California. The purpose of the workshop was to foster collaboration and leveraging of existing and developing capabilities that may be collectively utilized by the smallsat community for space operations. Although the emphasis of the workshop was on small satellites, many of the techniques discussed would be applicable to large spacecraft mission operations as well. The workshop explored the adoption of standards and existing capabilities as well as the creation of new technologies that will enable space mission developers to plan, design, and operate their spacecraft using a common architecture in order to reduce cost and overall mission risk. The PPMO workshop investigated the various needs of the smallsat communities (military, civil and educational space) and also touched on existing systems and capabilities (such as GSFC's GMSEC, JPL's AMMOS, and NRL's CGA used in the MC3 program) and those under development (such as HSFL's COSMOS and ESA's GENSO). The workshop also held facilitated discussions organized into categories along the lines of Approaches (programmatic and related issues), Implementation (technical solutions and architectures), and Applications (concept of operations, mission types and users). This paper presents the results of this workshop and the path forward.
Exercise Dependence Symptoms in a Sample of Exercise Science Students in the United States

Your article is protected by copyright and allrights are held exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media New York. This e-offprint isfor personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If youwish to self-archive your work, please use theaccepted authors version for posting to yourown website or your institutions repository.You may further deposit the accepted authorsversion on a funders repository at a fundersrequest, provided it is not made publiclyavailable until 12 months after publication.
Activity of the β-catenin phosphodestruction complex at cell–cell contacts is enhanced by cadherin-based adhesion

It is well established that cadherin protein levels impact canonical Wnt signaling through binding and sequestering β-catenin (β-cat) from T-cell factor family transcription factors. Whether changes in intercellular adhesion can affect β-cat signaling and the mechanism through which this occurs has remained unresolved. We show that axin, APC2, GSK-3β and N-terminally phosphorylated forms of β-cat can localize to cell–cell contacts in a complex that is molecularly distinct from the cadherin–catenin adhesive complex. Nonetheless, cadherins can promote the N-terminal phosphorylation of β-cat, and cell–cell adhesion increases the turnover of cytosolic β-cat. Together, these data suggest that cadherin-based cell–cell adhesion limits Wnt signals by promoting the activity of a junction-localized β-cat phosphodestruction complex, which may be relevant to tissue morphogenesis and cell fate decisions during development.
Absence of dorsal fixation of mesentery of small intestine

Abstract 1. 1. A case of absence of dorsal fixation of the mesentery of the small intestine is reported with recovery. 2. 2. The malformation occurred after complete rotation of the intestine and was followed by a failure of the mesentery to attach itself secondarily to the dorsal body wall. 3. 3. A review of embryological events occurring in the rotations, fixation, and development of the midgut is presented. 4. 4. Unusual complication was encountered during the course of treatment. Longitudinal twisting of the gut occurred with complete obstruction. This was followed by resection and anastomosis.
The effects of delay upon compliance with socially undesirable requests in the door-in-the-face paradigm

The efficacy of the foot-in-the-door technique for inducing compliance with socially undesirable requests was investigated using a delay procedure. After refusing the first large request, experimental subjects were presented with a moderate request, which involved a concession on the part of the requester, a relative gain to the subject, or both. The control subjects received the second request only. No significant differences were found between the experimental and control groups. The results were discussed in terms of both contrast and self-perception explanations.
Renal ischemia/reperfusion leads to macrophage-mediated increase in pulmonary vascular permeability.

Renal ischemia/reperfusion leads to macrophage-mediated increase in pulmonary vascular permeability. Background Despite the advent of dialysis, survival with acute renal failure when associated with multiorgan failure is poor. The development of lung injury after shock or visceral ischemia has been shown; however, the effects of isolated renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) on the lungs are unclear. We hypothesized that isolated renal IRI could alter pulmonary vascular permeability (PVP) and that macrophages could be important mediators in this response. Methods Rats ( N = 5 per group) underwent renal ischemia for 30minutes, followed by reperfusion. Lung vascular permeability was evaluated by quantitation of Evans blue dye extravasation from vascular space to lung parenchyma at 1, 24, 48, or 96hours after reperfusion. Serum was collected for blood urea nitrogen and creatinine at each time point. To examine the role of the macrophage, the macrophage pacifant CNI-1493, which inhibits the release of macrophage-derived inflammatory products, was administered in a blinded fashion during renal IRI. Results PVP was significantly ( P Conclusions Increased PVP develops after isolated renal IRI, and macrophage-derived products are mediators in this response. These findings have implications for understanding the mechanisms underlying respiratory dysfunction associated with acute renal failure.
Evaluation of Chromatin Clumping and Myelination of the Spinal Cord of Pigs with Congenital Tremor

Clumps of chromatin in the spinal cord of 2- to 10-day-old pigs with con- genital tremor were of no diagnostic value since they were present also in unaffected pigs of the same age. No differences in shape, size, number, location, and staining charac- teristics of the clumps were found. The clumps were thought to be evidence of cellular necrobiosis. The cords of pigs with tremor had distinctly less myelin than those of normal Pigs. Congenital tremor of swine is characterized by the lack of gross lesions. Microscopically, cerebellar hypoplasia and defective myelination have been associated with the condition (5), but no particular finding has been con- sistent in all cases. In 1969, it was reported (6) that there was mononuclear cell infiltration of the media of several large vessels in the brain stem of adult swine affected previously with congenital tremor; the brains of newborn myoclonic pigs were found to have peculiar intranuclear structures in the regions of the lateral ventricles, cerebral cortex, and brain stem. These struc- tures were spherical, 10-30 pm in diameter, and contained DNA-positive, round bodies each 1-6 pm in diameter. This report concerns a study of a similar structure (fig. 1) in the spinal cords of control pigs and pigs with congenital tremor.
Autophagy Is Required for Neutrophil-Mediated Inflammation

Autophagy, an intracellular degradation and energy recycling mechanism, is emerging as an important regulator of immune responses. However, the role of autophagy in regulating neutrophil functions is not known. We investigated neutrophil biology using myeloid-specific autophagy-deficient mice and found that autophagy deficiency reduced neutrophil degranulation in vitro and in vivo. Mice with autophagy deficiency showed reduced severity of several neutrophil-mediated inflammatory and autoimmune disease models, including PMA-induced ear inflammation, LPS-induced breakdown of blood-brain barrier, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species generation was also reduced in autophagy-deficient neutrophils, and inhibition of NADPH oxidase reduced neutrophil degranulation, suggesting NADPH oxidase to be a player at the intersection of autophagy and degranulation. Overall, this study establishes autophagy as an important regulator of neutrophil functions and neutrophil-mediated inflammation in vivo.
Effects of steep time and SO2 concentration on steepwater profiles and maize milling yields using a continuous countercurrent steep system

Effects of SO 2 concentration and steep time on maize steep profiles and wet milling results were studied using a continuous countercurrent steep system. Maize was steeped at 50 ± 2 °C at different SO 2 concentrations (target value at 1,000. 2,000 and 3,000 ppm) for different lengths of time (18, 24, 30 and 36 h). Steepwater profiles, including pH, SO 2 concentration, total acidity and steepwater solids content versus tank number for each combination of SO 2 level and steep time were generated. Three steeped maize samples for each condition were milled and average product yields were reported. Steeping, from the perspective of maize, can be viewed as a three-stage process including a lactic acid dominated stage, a SO 2 absorption stage and a SO 2 diffusion stage. From the perspective of steepwater. increasing SO 2 concentration increases the total dry solids increase rate and SO 2 decrease rate. Starch yield can be significantly increased by increasing either steep time or SO 2 concentration.
Petrologic, paleomagnetic, and structural evidence of a Paleozoic rift system in Oklahoma, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah

A west-northwest–trending dike swarm consisting of at least 50 mafic dikes cuts Precambrian basement rocks in the area in and south of the Black Canyon of the Gunnison, Colorado, and in Unaweap Canyon near the Colorado-Utah border. The dikes have been studied petrographically, petrochemically, and paleomagnetically, and they have been radiometrically dated. Lithologically, the dike rocks are very similar, consisting of tholeiitic diabase composed primarily of labradorite, augite, and granophyric intergrowths of quartz and alkali feldspar. A Rb-Sr isochron based on mineral separates from one dike yields an age of 495 ±15 m.y. which is statistically identical with a previously reported Rb-Sr date. Pooling the age data for these two dikes gives an age of 497 ± 16 m.y. Whole-rock K-Ar dates on four of the dikes are scattered around the Rb-Sr date and indicate that the dikes have been relatively unaffected by reheating or hydrothermal activity since emplacement. Paleomagnetic directional data from nine of the dikes are well grouped and consistent after both alternating-field (AF) and thermal demagnetization. Several lines of evidence indicate that the remanence reflects the dipolar geomagnetic field direction at the time the dikes were emplaced. Paleopoles corresponding to the mean directions are located at 37.0°N, 101.0°E, δp = 8.6°, δm = 16.4° (AF demagnetization) and 37.0°N, 102.3°E, δp = 4.9°, δm = 9.4° (thermal demagnetization). The consistency of the paleomagnetic data corroborates the idea that the dike swarm is the result of one short pulse of mantle-derived magmatic activity. The dike swarm and other Cambro-Ordovician igneous rocks in Colorado (Powderhorn alkalic complex, Wet Mountains alkalic complexes and dikes) are aligned along a linear west-northwest trend. Cambrian diabase dikes in northeastern New Mexico and a bimodal suite (basalt–gabbro-rhyolite–granite) in southern Oklahoma (Wichita and Arbuckle Mountains, Anadarko Basin) are on line with this trend. Petrologically, all of these Cambrian and Cambro-Ordovician igneous rocks represent types that are typically associated with extensional tectonic regimes. From these data and consideration of documented Paleozoic tectonic activity along the trend of the plutons, it is concluded that throughout the Paleozoic, a west-northwest–trending tectonic zone extended from southeastern Oklahoma, through northeastern New Mexico and Colorado, and into southeastern Utah. Bimodal (basalt-rhyolite) and alkalic igneous activity was restricted to the Cambrian and Cambro-Ordovician, but tectonic activity occurred intermittently along the zone throughout the Paleozoic.
Effects of Corn Oil, Time-Related Changes, and Inter-Laboratory Variability on Tumor Occurrence in Control Fischer 344 (F344/N) Rats

Survival, body weight, and site-specific tumor rates in untreated, corn oil gavage, and water gavage control Fischer 344 (F344/N) rats from 88 National Toxicology Program (NTP) long term carcinogenicity studies were evaluated to determine which factors were primarily responsible for inter-study variability. For male rats, previously-reported decreases in leukemia and increases in body weight, survival, and pancreatic acinar cell tumors attributable to corn oil gavage were confirmed. Corn oil did not appear to affect tumor rates in female rats. The gavage technique per se did not appear to influence tumor rates in rats of either sex. Previously reported time-related increases in certain site-specific neoplasia in control rats appeared to have stabilized in recent years, but control tumor rates are still much greater than those seen a decade ago. More recent studies continue to show increasing rates of leukemia and mammary gland tumors and decreasing survival. Female rats also continue to show time-related increases in maximum mean body weight. Inter-laboratory variability in body weight and in the rates of a number of site-specific neoplasms were also significant. High mean body weights in control groups were found to be associated with increased rates of mammary and pituitary tumors. Our evaluation supports the view that if historical control data are to be utilized in the interpretation of experimental results, primary emphasis should be given to lab and route of administration-specific tumor rates for studies that are contemporary to the study under evaluation. It also suggests that certain experimental design changes (e.g., dietary modifications) may be needed to reduce tumor rates and to increase survival.
The PMHT for maneuvering targets

Via the EM algorithm and a slight modification of the usual target-tracking assumptions, the probabilistic multi-hypothesis tracker (PMHT) of Streit and Luginbuhl (1995) combines data-association and filtering to a simple, elegant, and efficient iterative procedure. The PMHT works well; but part of its appeal is a consistent and extensible statistical foundation. In the paper we show one such extension, that designed to track maneuvering targets. The basis, as is in common with many algorithms designed for maneuvering targets, is of an underlying and hidden "model-switch" process controlled by a Markov probability structure.
A Power Formula for the Mantel–Haenszel Test for Differential Item Functioning

The asymptotic power of the Mantel–Haenszel (MH) test for the differential item function (DIF) is derived. The formula describes the behavior of the power when the number of items is large, so that the measured latent trait can be considered as the matching variable in the MH test. As shown in the derived formula, the power is related to the sample size, effect size of DIF, the item response function (IRF), and the distribution of the latent trait in the reference and the focal groups. The formula provides an approximation of the power of the MH test in practice and thus provides a guideline for DIF detection in practice. It also suggests analytical explanations of the behavior of the MH test as observed in many previous simulation studies. Based on the formula, this study shows how to conduct the sample size calculation. The power of MH test under some practical models such as the two-parameter logistic (2PL) and three-parameter logistic (3PL) item response theory (IRT) models is discussed.
Zno:Al doping level and hydrogen growth ambient effects on CIGS solar cell performance

Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) photovoltaic (PV) cells require a highly conducting and transparent electrode for optimum device performance. ZnO:Al films grown from targets containing 2.0 wt.% Al 2 O 3 are commonly used for this purpose. Maximum carrier mobilities of these films grown at room temperature are ∼20–25 cm2V−1s−1. Therefore, relatively high carrier concentrations are required to achieve the desired conductivity, which leads to free carrier absorption in the near infrared (IR). Lightly doped films (0.05 – 0.2 wt.% Al 2 O 3 ), which show less IR absorption, reach mobility values greater than 50 cm2V−1s−1 when deposited in H 2 partial pressure. We incorporate these lightly doped ZnO:Al layers into CIGS PV cells produced at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Preliminary results show quantum efficiency values of these cells rival those of a past world-record cell produced at NREL that used 2.0 wt.% Al-doped ZnO films. The highest cell efficiency obtained in this trial was 18.1%.
Mucin-type O-glycans and their roles in intestinal homeostasis

Mucin-type O-glycans are the primary constituents of mucins that are expressed on various mucosal sites of the body, especially the bacteria-laden intestinal tract. Mucins are the main components of mucus, which is secreted by goblet cells and forms a protective homeostatic barrier between the resident microbiota and the underlying immune cells in the colon. However, the specific role of mucin-type O-glycans in mucus barrier function has been uncertain. Recent studies utilizing mice deficient in key glycosyltransferases involved in O-glycan biosynthesis on intestinal mucins have underscored the importance of mucin-type O-glycosylation in mucus barrier function. This review will highlight recent advances in our understanding of mucin-type O-glycan function in the mucus barrier and how they promote mutualism with our resident microbiota.
Review: partner-notification interventions can reduce sexually transmitted infections.

Source Citation Trelle S, Shang A, Nartey L, Cassell JA, Low N. Improved effectiveness of partner notification for patients with sexually transmitted infections: systematic review. BMJ. 2007;334:35...
PSiFR: an integrated resource for prediction of protein structure and function

Summary: In the post-genomic era, the annotation of protein function facilitates the understanding of various biological processes. To extend the range of function annotation methods to the twilight zone of sequence identity, we have developed approaches that exploit both protein tertiary structure and/or protein sequence evolutionary relationships. To serve the scientific community, we have integrated the structure prediction tools, TASSER, TASSER-Lite and METATASSER, and the functional inference tools, FINDSITE, a structure-based algorithm for binding site prediction, Gene Ontology molecular function inference and ligand screening, EFICAz 2 ,a sequence-based approach to enzyme function inference and DBDhunter, an algorithm for predicting DNA-binding proteins and associated DNA-binding residues, into a unified web resource, Protein Structure and Function prediction Resource (PSiFR).
Iridium, Dichlorodi‐μ‐hydrobis[(1,2,3,4,5‐η)‐1,2,3,4,5‐pentamethyl‐2,4‐cyclopentadien‐1‐yl]di‐

[84029-37-8] C20H32Cl2Ir2 (MW 727.81) InChI = 1S/2C10H15.2ClH.2Ir.2H/c2*1-6-7(2)9(4)10(5)8(6)3;;;;;;/h2*1-5H3;2*1H;;;;/q;;;;2*+1;;/p-2 InChIKey = UJBRNSQETRDVQC-UHFFFAOYSA-L (reagent used for oxidation, hydrogenation, hydrodesulfurization, and arylation reactions) Alternate Names: [Cp*IrCl(μ-H)]2, [Cp*IrHCl]2, where Cp* = η5-C5Me5. Physical Data: mp 210 °C (dec.).1 Solubility: sol toluene, benzene, aromatics, alcohols insol hexanes, slightly sol ethers. Form Supplied in: dark blue solid that is not currently commercially available. Analysis of Reagent Purity: 1H NMR1, 2 and IR1. Preparative Methods: prepared from a slurry of [Cp*IrCl2]2 in benzene, isopropanol, and triethylamine at room temperature for 24 h in 95% yield.1 Also, can be prepared from [Cp*IrCl2]2 with KBH4 in isopropanol for 12 h in 90% yield.2 A deuterated derivative can be prepared from a slurry of [Cp*IrCl2]2 with triethylamine under D2 for 36 h (80% yield).1 Purification: recrystallized from addition of hexanes to isopropanol solutions or from addition of light petroleum to benzene solutions. Common impurities are [Cp*IrCl2]2, [Cp*IrCl]2(μ-Cl) (μ-H), and [Cp*Ir]2 (μ-H)3+. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: blue solid exhibiting moderate air stability. Solids are preferentially stored under an inert atmosphere. Detailed toxicological information is unknown. [Cp*IrCl(μ-H)]2 reacts with dienes in polar solvents (ethanol or acetone) resulting in η1-methylallyl complexes.1 [Cp*IrCl(μ-H)]2 can also isomerize olefins (i.e., 4-methylcyclohexene and 1-methylcyclohexene).1
Schematic Knowledge and Memory in Young Children

This research examined the relationship between domain-specific knowledge and memory in 3 and 4-year-old children. Schematic knowledge of a farm and a living room was assessed by asking children to (a) decide what objects belonged in a given scene, and (b) place objects on scenes. Both recall and location memory were assessed for objects in scenes. General memory skills were assessed for recall and location memory using unrelated objects, and general knowledge was measured with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. For location memory, schematic knowledge and memory were unrelated for 3-year-olds but were significantly correlated for 4-year-olds. Recall performance was not reliably predicted by schematic knowledge. Three-year-olds' location memory in scenes, but not 4-year-olds', was predicted by location memory for unrelated objects. Vocabulary scores were related to schematic knowledge, but not scene memory. Domain-specific knowledge was differentially related to memory as a function of age, suggesting t...
Controlling stochastic externalities with penalty threats: the case of bycatch

Previous literature has shown that when there is a deterministic relationship between abatement choices and outcomes, policies with penalty threats can be designed to induce polluting firms to undertake efficient abatement measures voluntarily. We develop a game theoretic model to investigate whether a similar policy can be designed and applied to reduce stochastic bycatch. The policy design would involve a penalty threat that would induce fishers to undertake efficient avoidance measures voluntarily to reduce interactions between fishing vessels and bycatch species. Our findings indicate that both individual and group performance standards (a threshold of allowable bycatch mortalities per fishing season) can be designed such that the penalty threat is sufficient in inducing risk-neutral agents to undertake the first-best level of avoidance activity voluntarily. The optimal threshold depends on the degree of variability in the bycatch level and the discount factor. The net impact of environmental uncertainty on the optimal threshold is ambiguous and depends on the underlying distribution of bycatch mortalities, given the efficient level of avoidance measures. The paper identifies and emphasizes the information requirements that arise when environmental policies involving penalty threats are applied to mitigate stochastic externalities by inducement of efficient (voluntary) abatement behavior.
Antigenic drift of H1N1 influenza A virus in pigs with and without passive immunity

Background The genetic and antigenic characteristics of influenza A viruses (IAV) within and between species change over time due to antigenic shift and drift. Although pigs are known to play a key role in the epidemiology of IAV between species, little is known about the molecular evolution of IAV hemagglutinin (HA) in pigs. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the HA drift of an H1N1 IAV after infecting weaned pigs with or without maternally derived passive immunity. Methods Three- to four-week-old piglets born either to vaccinated or unvaccinated sows were contact-infected upon exposure with an IAV-infected pig. Nasal swabs were collected daily from each pig and tested for IAV by RRT-PCR. Full-length HA sequences were obtained directly from positive nasal swabs and compared between groups. Results Synonymous and non-synonymous mutations were detected in pigs with and without passive immunity. Most of the non-synonymous mutations occurred within the HA1 region of the HA. Changes within HA1 region were only identified in antigenic site B in pigs without passive immunity and in antigenic sites A, B, and D in pigs with passive immunity. However, there was no association between the immune status of the pig and the amino acid substitutions observed. Conclusions Overall, we demonstrated that amino acid substitutions within antigenic sites can happen in weaned pigs with or without passive immunity shortly after infection.
Experimental range extension of concurrent cooperative transmission in indoor environments at 2.4GHz

Concurrent cooperative transmission (CCT) is a cooperative transmission (CT) technique where multiple radios transmit diversity versions of the same message at the same time. Through array gain and diversity gain, CCT achieves a signal-to-noise (SNR) advantage, which can be used for better link reliability and transmission range extension. CCT range extension can enable broadcasting with fewer hops, balance energy in wireless sensor networks, and overcome network partitions. However, there are few experimental studies of CT range extension in the literature. In this paper, we consider two-hop directional range extension and two-hop coverage area extension as function of relay cluster topology. In particular, we measure average packet error rate (APER), which is averaged over multipath fading. We estimate path loss and shadowing parameters from the APER, and compare outage rate contours based on the log-distance path loss model to the measured APERs.
RF Power Sources for High-Brightness RF Linacs

This paper will discuss the types of devices and system architectures that show promise in providing rf power sources for future rf linear accelerators. Different types of sources will probably be required at different frequencies, but in all cases, efficiency and unit cost will be prime considerations. In many applications, high power-to-weight ratios will also be advantageous.
BRCA1 down-regulates cellular levels of reactive oxygen species

Previous studies have shown that the breast cancer suppressor BRCA1 stimulates antioxidant gene expression and protects cells against oxidative stress. To further examine this important function, we tested whether BRCA1 could modulate intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Wild-type BRCA1 (but not a cancer-associated mutant) significantly reduced ROS levels, determined by DCF fluorescence assays by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The BRCA1 and REF1 pathways for reduction of ROS levels appear to exhibit cross-talk. BRCA1 also reduced the levels of protein nitration and H2O2-induced oxidative damage to DNA. Thus, BRCA1 may protect cellular macromolecules by reducing intracellular ROS levels.
Stress Management Techniques in Childhood and Adolescence Relaxation Training, Meditation, Hypnosis, and Biofeedback: Appropriate Clinical Applications

Many childhood and adolescent stress-related symptoms have a psychophysiological component that involves muscular tension and/or autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Examples of this include recurrent headache, chest pain, abdominal pain, syncope, and dizziness. After a careful medical and psychosocial evaluation, the clinician may identify many patients who are appropriate for the application of stress reduction techniques such as progressive muscular relaxation, meditation, biofeedback, and relaxation/mental imagery (self-hypnosis). This review describes these techniques and their application with selected children and adolescents.
Foreword to Social Theory After Strathern

Today, somewhat counter-intuitively, we no longer have an obvious venue for thinking-in-the world about our actuality. Despite, or because of, the endless conferences, seminars, mobility, publication outlets, new media and the like in which it is easier and easier to be connected, it is increasingly difficult to avoid the diagnostic that it is harder and harder to relate. This Foreword to the special issue ‘Social Theory After Strathern’ considers the contemporary problem of the inversion of connectedness and relatedness in the light of Marilyn Strathern’s oeuvre. Proceeding from a discussion of the three kinds of friendship distinguished by Aristotle, Deleuze and Guattari’s notion of conceptual persona is invoked as a way of thinking through conceptual friendship and the forms of relationality that an engagement with Strathern’s work requires and sustains.
A CONDENSED MATTER ANALOG OF QCD WITH QUARKS

It is well known that the d = 1 + 1 nonlinear sigma model is a remarkable analog of pure Yang-Mills theory in d = 3 + 1 and that the former in turn arises in the study of Quantum Spin Chains. It is shown that, upon doping with holes, the chain is described by a fully relativistic theory of Dirac fermions coupled to the sigma model by a gauge interaction. The theory is seen to mimic QCD with quarks in many remarkable ways.