cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Time-Variant Aerodynamics of Oscillating Airfoil Surfaces in a Supersonic Flowfield

The results of an experimental study of the time-variant aerodynamics associated with harmonically oscillating single airfoil surfaces in a supersonic flowfield are presented. Six single airfoil configurations were investigated: a flat plate, wedge, flat plate-convex corner, wedge-convex corner, MCA suction surface, and MCA pressure surface. The basic time-variant aerodynamic data obtained for each of these configurations included the chordwise distribution of the unsteady pressure magnitude (expressed as an unsteady pressure coefficient) and its phase lag as referenced to the airfoil motion, with Mach number as parameter. All of the data obtained are correlated with a low reduced frequency prediction which includes the effects of airfoil camber and thickness distribution.
Common community respiratory viruses in patients with cancer: more than just "common colds".

Community respiratory viruses long have been recognized as primary respiratory pathogens among infants and young children. More recently, it has become clear that these viruses cause a considerable disease burden throughout life. The consequences of repeated infections are most evident in elderly and immunocompromised persons. Even in otherwise healthy persons, reinfections often require medical attention but generally are undiagnosed and unrecognized. These reinfections may spread from healthy persons to those at highest risk. Control requires a multifaceted approach combining vaccination, chemoprophylaxis, and aggressive early antiviral treatment of high-risk individuals, as well as education of all populations affected by these viruses.
In vivo dynamics of luteinizing hormone secretion and clearance in man: assessment by deconvolution mechanics.

The dynamics of LH secretion and clearance were studied in vivo in eight healthy young men using a novel multiple parameter deconvolution procedure to resolve underlying secretion and clearance rates simultaneously from serial serum immunoactive LH concentrations. This deconvolution analysis disclosed random LH secretory bursts occurring at a mean (+/- SEM) interpulse interval of 72 +/- 5 min. The frequency of these secretory bursts was 6.9 +/- 0.6 episodes/8 h. Each resolved LH secretory event had an average half-duration of only 7.8 +/- 0.5 min, which was remarkably shorter than the LH concentration peak duration of 60 +/- 6 min. The maximal LH secretory rate achieved within a secretory burst averaged 0.40 +/- 0.05 mIU/min.mL (0.14 IU/min.L), which corresponded to a mass of LH released of 3.2 +/- 0.3 mIU/mL distribution vol (IU/L). By linear regression analysis, both the maximal rate and mass of LH released per secretory burst were positively correlated with the duration of the subsequent interpulse interval (P less than 0.001). In physiological experiments, the mass of LH released per secretory burst was increased by iv GnRH injections or primary gonadal failure, and decreased by sc administration of a selective GnRH antagonist (Nal,Glu-GnRH). The mean endogenous LH production rate calculated by deconvolution [180 +/- 40 mIU/min (0.18 IU/min)] was not different from a nominal value of 228 +/- 80 mIU/min (0.228 IU/min) extrapolated from earlier steady state LH infusions. Deconvolution estimated single phase half-times of endogenous LH disappearance of 87 +/- 8 min, were in general harmony with values of 44-106 min obtained previously in four LH-deficient men injected with purified LH. Moreover, creation of synthetic LH series using our deconvolution estimates yielded 24-h LH pulse profiles similar quantitatively and qualitatively to those in normal men. In summary, we applied a new multiple parameter deconvolution procedure to immunoactive LH pulse profiles to discern the nature of physiological LH secretory events and estimate endogenous LH disappearance rates. These studies in normal men have revealed that 1) LH secretory bursts occur every 72 min; their mean half-duration is 7.8 min; and 3.2 mIU/mL (3.2 IU/L) are released per secretory peak; 2) amplitudes of in vivo LH secretory bursts are augmented in primary gonadal failure and/or by exogenous GnRH injections and attenuated by a GnRH antagonist; 3) the duration of a postsecretory pause is proportional to the amplitude of the preceding LH secretory burst; and (4) 95% of total daily LH release occurs in only 5 h/day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Quantitative Assessment of Effect of Preanalytic Cold Ischemic Time on Protein Expression in Breast Cancer Tissues

Background Companion diagnostic tests can depend on accurate measurement of protein expression in tissues. Preanalytic variables, especially cold ischemic time (time from tissue removal to fixation in formalin) can affect the measurement and may cause false-negative results. We examined 23 proteins, including four commonly used breast cancer biomarker proteins, to quantify their sensitivity to cold ischemia in breast cancer tissues.
Flexible Sketches and Inflexible Data Bases: Visual Communication, Conscription Devices, and Boundary Objects in Design Engineering:

Engineering sketches and drawings are the building blocks of technological design and production. These visual representations act as the means for organizing the design to production process, hence serving as a "social glue" both between individuals and between groups. The author discusses two main capacities such visual representations serve in facilitating distributed cognition in team design work As conscription devices, they enlist and organize group participation. As boundary objects, they facilitate the reading of alternative meanings by various groups involved in the design process. The introduction of computer-aided design into this visual culture of engineering restructures relationships between workers in ways that can hamper the flexibility necessary for these crucial capacities to take place. The data are drawn from a study of the daily practices of engineers engaged in redesigning a turbine engine package. The method is participant observation.
Quantifying infrared target signature evolution using AM-FM features

In this paper we combine a new method of measuring infrared target signature evolution with current research and developmental tracking algorithms. Thermal images are decomposed by a set of Gabor filters and demodulated to produce a set of spatiospectrally localized AM-FM functions corresponding to oriented texture regions from within the original image. Critical updates are detected and issued to a particle filter based tracker, operating only on a modulation domain target model, by applying an empirically determined threshold to a new target evolution measurement introduced in this paper. We achieve results comparable to several other theoretical tracking algorithms at a significantly reduced computational cost by eliminating the need to perform parallel tracking in both the pixel and modulation domains.
MOSFET Performance Scaling—Part I: Historical Trends

A simple analytical model that describes MOSFET operation in saturation from subthreshold to strong inversion is used to derive a new formulation of the intrinsic switching delay of the transistor. The proposed model follows the scaling trend of experimental ring-oscillator data better than the conventional CV/I metric. The historical trend of MOSFET performance scaling is examined, and it is shown that the continuous increase of the carrier velocity in the channel has been the main driver for the improved transistor performance with scaling. The dependence of velocity and mobility in recent strain-engineered devices is studied based on published experimental data, and a theory is proposed to justify this dependence. It is shown that the virtual-source velocity depends on low-field mobility more strongly than what was previously believed, in spite of the fact that state-of-the-art MOSFETs operate at 60%-65% of their ballistic limit. These observations will be used in Part II of this paper to explore the tradeoffs between key device parameters in order for the commensurate scaling of the device performance with its dimensional scaling to continue in the future high-performance CMOS generations.
Effect of ramipril on walking times and quality of life among patients with peripheral artery disease and intermittent claudication: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 2013; 309: 453–460

Study objective:The objective of the trial was to examine whether ramipril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), improves walking distance and health-related quality of life in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) associated with claudication.Study population:The study enrolled 212 patients with risk factors and symptoms of PAD treated by conventional therapies at three centers in Australia. All patients had an ankle–brachial index (ABI) of less than 0.90 at rest and intermittent claudication in at least one leg, which were stable for at least 6 preceding months along with the medication regimen. The patients were excluded if blood pressure was not controlled (brachial blood pressure of 160/100 mmHg or greater); if there was current or recent use of either ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers, potassium-sparing diuretics, or potassium supplements; renal failure (serum creatinine level 2.3 mg/dL or greater [200 µmol/L]); renal artery stenosis; previous coronary or peripheral arter...
Preventing Youth Violence through Health Realization

>> This article proposes that youth violence is primarily a function of the generally poor mental health of American youth. It asserts, therefore, that the optimal solution to this vexing problem is to teach young people how to live in the experience of psychological health that is their birthright. It then suggests that this can be best accomplished by helping youth understand the principles behind Health Realization—a psychospiritual model that purports to account for all youthful behavior. The three principles behind Health Realization (i.e., Mind, Consciousness, and Thought) are delineated, contemporary research in support of its major assumptions cited, and the results of applied Health Realization programs with at-risk youth in clinical, educational, and community empowerment settings described.
Effects of Chromium Supplementation on Urinary Cr Excretion of Human Subjects and Correlation of Cr Excretion with Selected Clinical Parameters

Daily urinary chromium (Cr) excretion of 15 healthy free-living female subjects was 0.20 +/- 0.03 microgram (mean +/- SEM) and nearly identical for 27 male subjects, 0.17 +/- 0.02 microgram. Minimum Cr absorption calculated from urinary Cr excretion was about 0.4 percent. Increasing intake fivefold by Cr supplementation led to a nearly fivefold increase in Cr excretion suggesting that the extent of absorption of supplemental inorganic chromium was similar to that from normal dietary sources. Correlations between 24-hour Cr excretion and urine volume, age, total creatinine and body weight were not found. Urinary Cr concentration of samples obtained following a morning void correlated with creatinine and Cr concentration following a glucose challenge but not with serum glucose, insulin, lipid parameters, age or body weight. Similar results were obtained for urine samples obtained from subjects during Cr supplementation. These results suggest that urinary Cr excretion does not appear to be a meaningful indicator of Cr status but is a meaningful indicator of Cr intake and that the absorption of supplemental inorganic Cr was similar to that of Cr from normal dietary sources.
Extended Operation of a Solvent Refined Lignite Process Development Unit

Abstract Extended operation of the University of North Dakota's process development unit for production of solvent-refined lignite is reported. Gas and solvent recycles were successful during three 28-day runs. Solids accumulation in the liquefaction reactors and limited operability of the solid-liquid separation system presented problems in integrated operation over extended time periods.
Multivariable sliding mode control for autonomous diving and steering of unmanned underwater vehicles

A six-degree-of-freedom model for the maneuvering of an underwater vehicle is used and a sliding-mode autopilot is designed for the combined steering, diving, and speed control functions. In flight control applications of this kind, difficulties arise because the system to be controlled is highly nonlinear and coupled, and there is a good deal of parameter uncertainty and variation with operational conditions. The development of variable-structure control in the form of sliding modes has been shown to provide robustness that is expected to be quite remarkable for AUV autopilot design. It is shown that a multivariable sliding-mode autopilot based on state feedback, designed assuming decoupled modeling, is quite satisfactory for the combined speed, steering, and diving response of a slow AUV. The influence of speed, modeling nonlinearity, uncertainty, and disturbances, can be effectively compensated, even for complex maneuvering. Waypoint acquisition based on line-of-sight guidance is used to achieve path tracking. >
Effect of electrical stimulation on chronic wound healing: a meta-analysis.

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to quantify the effect of electrical stimulation on chronic wound healing. Fifteen studies, which included 24 electrical stimulation samples and 15 control samples, were analyzed. The average rate of healing per week was calculated for the electrical stimulation and control samples. Ninety-five percentage confidence intervals were also calculated. The samples were then grouped by type of electrical stimulation device and chronic wound and reanalyzed. Rate of healing per week was 22% for electrical stimulation samples and 9% for control samples. The net effect of electrical stimulation was 13% per week, an increase of 144% over the control rate. The 95% confidence intervals of the electrical stimulation (18‐26%) and control samples (3.8‐14%) did not overlap. Electrical stimulation was most effective on pressure ulcers (net effect = 13%). Findings regarding the relative effectiveness of different types of electrical stimulation device were inconclusive. Although electrical stimulation produces a substantial improvement in the healing of chronic wounds, further research is needed to identify which electrical stimulation devices are most effective and which wounds respond best to this treatment. (WOUND REP REG 1999;7:495‐503) Electrical stimulation (ES) is a largely unknown and poorly understood treatment modality for chronic wound healing. Appreciation for the potential contribution of ES in promoting chronic wound healing has been limited by the scientific community’s failure to collectively consider the entire body of clinical research in this area. Instead, attention has focused on the limited data available for each specific type of ES device and the unanswered questions regarding the optimal ES dose-response. 1 Examination of ES based on the entire body of evidence, regardless of the ES device or dose parameters, can provide valuable information about the merits of using this adjunctive therapy in practice and the utility of pursuing further research in this area. ES is believed to restart or accelerate the wound
Targeting Airway Inflammation in Asthma: Current and Future Therapies

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway that requires long-term antiinflammatory therapy. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are recommended for first-line treatment of persistent disease, but not all patients achieve asthma control even when these agents are used in high doses and in combination with other medications, including a long-acting β2-agonist or a leukotriene modifier. Such patients may require additional therapy. As information about asthma pathophysiology and inflammatory phenotypes continues to increase, and additional antiinflammatory options become available, it may be possible to target antiinflammatory therapy to various aspects of the disease and consequently to improve the treatment of patients with inadequate responses to standard ICS-based therapy. Several novel antiinflammatory therapies are in different stages of clinical development. The most clinically advanced of these is omalizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that specifically targets IgE and is indicated for patients with moderate-to-severe asthma caused by allergies. Omalizumab has demonstrated efficacy in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma and documented evidence of allergen sensitivity. Other key therapy options in clinical development either target proinflammatory cytokines (eg, interleukin-4 and tumor necrosis factor-α) or inflammatory cells (eg, T-helper type 2 cells and eosinophils). This review provides an overview of the current and future approaches targeting airway inflammation in patients with asthma.
Dosimetric comparison of preoperative single-fraction partial breast radiotherapy techniques: 3D CRT, noncoplanar IMRT, coplanar IMRT, and VMAT

The purpose of this study was to compare dosimetric parameters of treatment plans among four techniques for preoperative single-fraction partial breast radiotherapy in order to select an optimal treatment technique. The techniques evaluated were noncoplanar 3D conformal radiation therapy (3D CRT), noncoplanar intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRTNC), coplanar IMRT (IMRTCO), and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT). The planning CT scans of 16 patients in the prone position were used in this study, with the single-fraction prescription doses of 15 Gy for the first eight patients and 18 Gy for the remaining eight patients. Six (6) MV photon beams were designed to avoid the heart and contralateral breast. Optimization for IMRT and VMAT was performed to reduce the dose to the skin and normal breast. All plans were normalized such that 100% of the prescribed dose covered greater than 95% of the clinical target volume (CTV) consisting of gross tumor volume (GTV) plus 1.5 cm margin. Mean homogeneity index (HI) was the lowest (1.05 ± 0.02) for 3D CRT and the highest (1.11 ± 0.04) for VMAT. Mean conformity index (CI) was the lowest (1.42 ± 0.32) for IMRTNC and the highest (1.60 ± 0.32) for VMAT. Mean of the maximum point dose to skin was the lowest (73.7 ± 11.5%) for IMRTNC and the highest (86.5 ± 6.68%) for 3D CRT. IMRTCO showed very similar HI, CI, and maximum skin dose to IMRTNC (differences <1%). The estimated mean treatment delivery time, excluding the time spent for patient positioning and imaging, was 7.0 ± 1.0, 8.3 ± 1.1, 9.7 ± 1.0, and 11.0 ± 1.5min for VMAT, IMRTCO, IMRTNC and 3D CRT, respectively. In comparison of all four techniques for preoperative single-fraction partial breast radiotherapy, we can conclude that noncoplanar or coplanar IMRT were optimal in this study as IMRT plans provided homogeneous and conformal target coverage, skin sparing, and relatively short treatment delivery time.
Staying Positive: Women's illness narratives and the stigmatized vernacular

This article uses the stigmatized vernacular (Goldstein & Shuman, 2012) as a conceptual framework for examining the public construction and reception of women’s illness narratives. I begin by making the case that personal illness narratives – a genre that works to translate the subjective illness experience to a public audience – are rich sites for exploring how discourses of veneration and repudiation can become inextricably intertwined. Discussing illustrative examples of the construction and reception of women’s illness narratives shared in contexts of breast cancer and fibromyalgia, I show how popular understandings of emotions, particularly positive emotions like happiness, play a major role in the regimes of value shaping how women’s illness experiences become tellable or untellable, and thereby valued or devalued. Integrating scholarship on illness narratives, stigma, and happiness, I aim to contribute to a richer and more multifaceted view of the illness narrative genre and the discursive contagion of stigma.
Identification of co-occurring insertions in cancer genomes using association analysis

Collections of tumor genomes created by insertional mutagenesis experiments, e.g., the Retroviral Tagged Cancer Gene Database, can be analyzed to find connections between mutations of specific genes and cancer. Such connections are found by identifying the locations of insertions or groups of insertions that frequently occur in the collection of tumor genomes. Recent work has employed a kernel density approach to find such commonly occurring insertions or co-occurring pairs of insertions. Unfortunately, this approach is extremely compute intensive for pairs of insertions, and even more intractable for triples, etc. We present a novel approach that combines kernel density and association analysis (frequent pattern mining) techniques to efficiently find commonly co-occurring sets of insertions of any length. More generally, this approach can be used to find other commonly occurring features in collections of genomes.
STUDIES ON DELAYED CUTANEOUS INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS ELICITED BY INOCULATION OF HOMOLOGOUS CELLS INTO HAMSTERS' SKINS

The intracutaneous inoculation of lymph node cell suspensions from normal hamsters into normal, homologous hosts causes the development of delayed inflammatory reactions, normal lymphocyte transfer (NLT) reactions, the intensities of which reflect the antigenic disparity between donor and recipient. The immunogenetic situations in which they occur indicate that these reactions are due to sensitization in situ on the part of inoculated immunologically competent cells against alien antigens of the host. They are graft versus host reactions. If hamsters are sensitized by cellular or solid tissue homografts and then challenged intracutaneously with lymphoid or epidermal cells from the donor strain, direct reactions are provoked. A positive correlation exists between the development of transplantation immunity and the capacity to give direct reactions. The sensitivity responsible for direct reactions can be suppressed by irradiation or administration of cortisone, and it is transferable by means of viable lymphoid tissues or cells but not by means of serum. Intracutaneous inoculation of viable node or splenic cells from specifically sensitized hamsters into hosts of the donor strain incites transfer reactions, the intensities of which depend upon the number of cells transferred and the level of sensitivity in the animal that provided them. These reactions are not incitable by thymocytes, by killed lymphoid cells, or by serum. Transfer reactions differ from NLT reactions only on a quantitative and chronologic basis. However, a sharp experimental distinction can be drawn between them. For example, if normal MHA node cells and node cells from MHA hamsters sensitized against CB antigens are injected into the skins of MHA's tolerant of CB tissue, only the sensitized cells incite reactions. Both direct and transfer reactions are highly specific immunologically. The inability of node cells to incite NLT or transfer reactions in heavily irradiated hosts and other findings sustain the thesis that it is host cells of hematologic origin, rather than indigenous skin cells, that contribute the antigenic stimulus required for these reactions. All the findings presented are consistent with the hypothesis that the various delayed inflammatory reactions described are manifestations of immunological responses on the part of immunologically competent cells against alien transplantation antigens.
Intuition in decision-making.

The purpose of this research was to explore intuitive experiences of nurses in critical care and home care settings. Fifty-six nurses were interviewed and transcriptions of interviews were analyzed for emergent themes. Nurses described their experiences in terms of feeling and knowledge and gave examples of types of intuition. Further analysis showed themes consistent with three attributes of intuition found in the nursing literature. Recognition of intuitive experiences has consequences for communication and decision making in clinical practice.
Precursor photoexcitation and photoionization of argon in shock tubes

A chemical kinetic model describing photochemical reactions that are likely to be important in "cold" argon ahead of a strong shock wave in a shock tube is examined on a quantitative basis. The model includes the propagation of resonance radiation far from the shock front in the wings of the resonance absorption line, imprisonment of the absorbed resonance radiation, subsequent photoionization of excited atoms, photoionization of ground state argon, and certain recombination and de-excitation processes. Specific consideration is given to shock tube geometry, the finite extent of the equilibrium region and the (experimentally) known shock tube wall reflectivity. Theoretical predictions of excited atom and argon ion concentrations in the precursor region are presented for typical shock tube operating conditions. The regimes favorable to the production of argon ions by photoionization of ground state argon and by photoionizati on of photoexcited argon, respectively, are delineated.
Modeling the Coronal Magnetic Field in a Polar Hole

The coronal magnetic field in the northern polar coronal hole in 1986 is predicted on the basis of the photospheric magnetic field observations and the horizontal current-current sheet coronal model (Zhao and Hoeksema, 1993). The predicted magnetic field intensity is stronger near the center of the hole than near the edge. The calculated expansion factor for the entire hole does not match the expansion factor of any flux tube in the hole, suggesting that it would not be appropriate to use the expansion factor for entire hole to represent the divergence of the flux tube in analyzing the acceleration and heating of the plasma in coronal holes.
Should inventory policy be lean or responsive? Evidence for US public companies 1

Using financial accounting panel data from the COMPUSTAT database for a representative sample of 722 manufacturing, retailing and wholesaling companies accounting for 30% of US business inventories, we develop a statistical methodology that links managerial decisions related to inventory with accounting returns. We find that superior earnings are associated with the speed of change/responsiveness in inventory management, after controlling for industry- and firm-specific effects. Namely, we find that, in the pooled sample, inventory elasticity with respect to sales, lead times and sales uncertainty is consistently positively associated with both current and forwarded returns on assets. This result provides statistical evidence that public companies that are more responsive in inventory management are, on average, more profitable. Furthermore, we show that higher relative volatility of sales and longer lead times are negatively associated with profitability, due to difficulties in matching supply with demand. Surprisingly, we find no support for the "lean operations" principle: inventory levels alone do not have a significant and negative relation with current or future profitability. Our findings indicate the importance of matching supply with demand when (i) the environment is volatile and (ii) demand is nonstationary, such that responsiveness in inventory management matters more to profitability than do absolute inventory levels.
The Role of the Military in Middle East Politics.

During the past four years several Middle Eastern countries have experienced governmental changes in which the army took an active part. In Syria and Egypt the army deliberately intervened to overthrow discredited regimes and to depose the heads of state. In Lebanon and Iraq the heads of state, themselves alarmed by an intense struggle among rival political parties, invited the army to intervene in order to maintain order. In Lebanon the army refused to crush the opposition, acting only as a caretaker; in Iraq the army agreed to support authority against disorder and the effect of its intervention cannot yet be foreseen.This control of government by the military is indicative both of serious defects in democratic processes in the Middle East and of the eagerness with which Middle Eastern leaders seek high political office. In Western democratic countries, traditions have developed which tend to keep the army isolated from domestic politics, although military advice has often been sought on foreign policy, and persons whose careers have been in the military service are not infrequently elected, or appointed, to high political positions. This is a quite different matter, however, from the military's choosing to occupy high political office through the weapons of its own profession.
PITCH RANGE VARIATION IN ENGLISH TONAL CONTRASTS: CONTINUOUS OR CATEGORICAL?

The importance of pitch range variation for intonational meaning and theory is well known; however, whether pitch range is a phonetic dimension which is treated categorically in English remains unclea
Apoptosis of Bone Cells

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the phenomenon of apoptosis of bone cells. Apoptosis is controlled by a variety of physiological and pathological factors and is involved in the control of cell number during development, repair, and maintenance of regenerating epithelial tissues. This chapter begins by describing general features of apoptosis and its regulation. It then focuses on the occurrence and control of apoptosis in chondrocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes. Furthermore, it highlights the role of apoptosis of osteoclasts and osteoblasts during remodeling by the basic multicellular unit (BMU), the role of osteocyte apoptosis in adaptation to mechanical strain, and the significance of bone cell apoptosis in the pathophysiology of bone disease and its treatment. Apoptosis of chondrocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes plays a critical role in the development of the skeleton and in the maintenance of bone mass and strength throughout life. Dysregulation of bone cell apoptosis contributes to joint disease, as well as to the development of osteoporosis that occurs with sex steroid deficiency, glucocorticoid excess, and aging. Apoptosis may also be an important therapeutic target because the beneficial effects of intermittent parathyroid hormone are associated with a reduction in osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis. Future innovations that facilitate detection of this important event in human bone, as well as a deeper understanding of the factors and signaling pathways that control bone cell survival, should provide a better appreciation of the role of apoptosis in bone physiology, pathophysiology, and treatment.
A Mathematical Approach To Demand Estimation In Multi-Segment Oligopoly Markets - With An Application To The Automobile Market

The purpose of this paper is to develop a purely mathematical approach to determining consumer demand. The model developed allows the researcher to derive demand in an oligopoly market from observed firm output and market prices using only assumptions about each firm, modest restrictions on consumer behavior, and limitations on market structure. The advantage of this revealed demand approach is that it does not require the specification of the consumer’s utility function or any firm’s production function. In addition, this mathematical approach allows for the estimation of own price and cross price elasticities of demand without statistical regression. The mathematical model developed is applied to the automobile industry assuming a market characterized by Cournot-Nash behavior and divided into five homogenous vehicle segments. A global optimization program is used to mathematically determine the range of values the coefficients of demand must take in each segment to satisfy market equilibrium. These coefficients can be used to estimate own and cross price elasticities of demand and construct demand equations. The elasticity estimates generated by the mathematical model of the automobile industry are compared to other estimates of elasticity found by statistical estimation. It is shown that the mathematical model generates results that are consistent with the statistical methods of the automobile market used by other researchers.
Terahertz Conductivity of Copper Surfaces

Terahertz (THz) radiation holds great promise for applications in communications, molecular detection, and imaging. Effective THz system design requires accurate models for the frequency-dependent conductivity of metals and the effect of surface roughness on conduction loss. However, predictive methods are currently unverified in the region between 0.3 and 0.9 THz because few experimental data exist in this regime. In order to address this problem, we have measured the conductivity of copper, of various surface roughnesses, using a semi-confocal open resonator system. This paper describes our measurements of the THz conductivity, dc conductivity, roughness, and microstructure of copper. We show that the classical Drude theory is sufficient for predicting the THz conductivity of copper at room temperature and that dissipation loss enhancement caused by surface roughness is modeled better by the Hammerstad–Bekkadal formula than second-order small perturbation theory.
Advanced Simulation and Computing Fiscal Year 2016 Implementation Plan, Version 0

The Stockpile Stewardship Program (SSP) is an integrated technical program for maintaining the safety, surety, and reliability of the U.S. nuclear stockpile. The SSP uses nuclear test data, computational modeling and simulation, and experimental facilities to advance understanding of nuclear weapons. It includes stockpile surveillance, experimental research, development and engineering programs, and an appropriately scaled production capability to support stockpile requirements. This integrated national program requires the continued use of experimental facilities and programs, and the computational capabilities to support these programs. The purpose of this IP is to outline key work requirements to be performed and to control individual work activities within the scope of work. Contractors may not deviate from this plan without a revised WA or subsequent IP.
Psychosocial Work Environment and Health in U.S. Metropolitan Areas: A Test of the Demand-Control and Demand-Control-Support Models

The authors use confirmatory factor analysis to investigate the psychosocial dimensions of work environments relevant to health outcomes, in a representative sample of five U.S. metropolitan areas. Through an aggregated inference system, scales from Schwartz and associates' job scoring system and from the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) were employed to examine two alternative models: the demand-control model of Karasek and Theorell and Johnson's demand-control-support model. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the two models. The two multidimensional models yielded better fits than an unstructured model. After allowing for the measurement error variance due to the method of assessment (Schwartz and associates' system or DOT), both models yielded acceptable goodness-of-fit indices, but the fit of the demand-control-support model was significantly better. Overall these results indicate that the dimensions of Control (substantive complexity of work, skill discretion, decision authority), Demands (physical exertion, physical demands and hazards), and Social Support (coworker and supervisor social supports) provide an acceptable account of the psychosocial dimensions of work associated with health outcomes.
CN-13RECURRENT ASEPTIC MENINGITIS IN PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC BRAIN TUMORS; A NOVEL PERSPECTIVE

Meningitis due to infectious or neoplastic infiltration is a commonly considered differential diagnosis in metastatic brain tumor patients presenting with altered mentation. However, aseptic meningitis, a disease marked by CSF pleocytosis, elevated protein, sterile cultures and negative cytology is rarely encountered. Aseptic meningitis has been described in benign CNS neoplasms that occur in the vicinity of ventricles, such as dermoid and epidermoid cysts. It has been postulated that rupture of a cystic CNS tumor nearby ventricles leads to leakage of neoplastic content into the CSF resulting in aseptic meningitis. A similar process has not been described in metastatic brain tumor patients. Here, we present a case of recurrent aseptic meningitis due to leakage of necrotic and neoplastic content into CSF in a patient with brain metastasis. 62 year old male presented with progressive aphasia 6 months after diagnosis of squamous cell lung cancer. Imaging revealed a left temporal lobe brain metastasis. Radiation therapy provided minimal improvement. Upon symptom progression, imaging favored radiation necrosis and bevacizumab was initiated with no improvement. On further deterioration, his CSF profile was consistent with aseptic meningitis with further spontaneous clinical improvement. He later presented with worsening symptoms and his repeat imaging showed enlargement of the previously noted left temporal mass with communication with the posterior temporal ventricle. A repeat CSF was consistent with recurrent aseptic meningitis. The patient underwent a left temporal craniotomy. The surgeon encountered liquid necrotic material at a depth of 5 mm and wide-open ventricles with easily discernable choroid plexus. Pathologic examination revealed mostly necrosis with some cancerous tissue. The patient continued to decline without recurrence of the meningitis and expired. This case signifies the importance of considering the leakage of necrotic tissue into subarachnoid space as the cause of recurrent aseptic meningitis in patients with cranial tumors close to the ventricles.
Waveguide Properties of Cone Photoreceptors

Photoreceptors waveguide light, but the extent to which they do remains controversial. We provide new insight into the complexity of this process using AO-OCT to isolate reflections that originate in the inner and outer segments
In-Situ Patterning and Critical Current Density Measurements in Laser Deposited High-Tc Superconducting Thin Films

We have performed transport critical current density, Jc, measurements on epitaxial superconducting thin films which were in-situ patterned during the laser deposition process. Shadow masks of various dimensions were placed close to the substrate to generate different patterns. Epitaxial films of YBa2Cu3O7 on (100) SrTiO3, (100) YSZ, and (100) LaA1O3 substrates were fabricated at low processing temperatures (500-650°Q by the biased laser deposition technique in an oxygen ambient of 200 mtorr. Excellent quality superconducting thin films were formed on patterned areas. The critical temperature of the films was found to be in the range of 88 to 90 K, and the best critical current density values (at 77K, and zero magnetic field) greater than 6.5 x106 Amps/cm2 were obtained for silver doped YBa2Cu3O7 films on (100)LaAlO3 substrates.
Primary Sequence Confirmation of a Protein Therapeutic Using Top Down MS/MS and MS3

Mass spectrometry has gained widespread acceptance for the characterization of protein therapeutics as a part of the regulatory approval process. Improvements in mass spectrometer sensitivity, resolution, and mass accuracy have enabled more detailed and confident analysis of larger biomolecules for confirming amino acid sequences, assessing sequence variants, and characterizing post translational modifications. This work demonstrates the suitability of a combined approach using intact MS and multistage top down MS/MS analyses for the characterization of a protein therapeutic drug. The protein therapeutic granulocyte-colony stimulating factor was analyzed using a Thermo Fusion Tribrid mass spectrometer using a multistage top down MS approach. Intact mass analysis identified the presence of two disulfide bonds based on exact mass shifts while a combined collision induced dissociation (CID), higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD), and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) MS/MS approach obtained 80% pro...
Performance analysis of realistic multipath modeling using a multiple detail-level approach in cognitive communication systems

In this paper, the performance of an existing Multiuser Wireless Communication System is analyzed using accurate site specific propagation modelling data (such as path gain, angle of arrival/departure and delay spread) of a typical urban environment. For optimal utilization of realistic temporal, spectral and spatial data, obtained from the available ray-tracing tools, a novel multiple detail-level adaptive cognitive communication system is proposed. Desirable system performance in terms of bit-error rate and capacity is shown to be achievable using only AoA and path gain information of as little as 5 paths in generating the channel matrix. As a result, significant savings (85%) in computational cost are achieved, thus emphasizing the potential practical implementation of the proposed approach in cognitive communication applications.
DETERMINATION OF ACTIVITIES OF S AND Fe IN MELTS OF MATTE CONVERTING PROCESS BY EMF METHOD

Activities of S and Fe in melts of matte, white metal and blister Cu were determined by the cells, respectively, as: W, WS_2, (Na~+, S~(2-)) |β-3-Al_2O_3| (Na~+, S~(2-)), [Cu-Fe-S],W and Fe, (Fe~(2+), O~(2-)) |ZrO_2(CaO)| (Fe~(2+), O~(2-)), [Cu-Fe-S],W The activities of S and Fe were measured to decrease gradually from 0.22 to 6.0×10~(-5) and from 0.51 to 0.010, respectively, at 1473 K during matte converting process.
Recurrent urolithiasis following anatrophic nephrolithotomy.

AbstractAnalysis of 18 patients who suffered recurrent urolithiasis after anatrophic nephrolithotomy is presented. These patients form a subgroup of 80 patients who underwent 100 consecutive extensive anatrophic nephrolithotomies between 1967 and 1972. Careful documentation of the 18 patients who had recurrent calculi was done in an effort to delineate the causative factors. The recurrence interval varied from less than 6 months to more than 8 years during an over-all followup period of 9.94 years. Marked differences in the characteristics between 14 male and 4 female patients were noted. In the male patients a significant relationship among recurrent staghorn calculi, anomalous urinary drainage and Pseudomonas urinary tract infections was noted. The female patients had recurrent or persistent urinary tract infections or undiagnosed recurrent urolithiasis.
Connections Underlying Translation and mRNA Stability.

Gene expression and regulation in organisms minimally depends on transcription by RNA polymerase and on the stability of the RNA product (for both coding and non-coding RNAs). For coding RNAs, gene expression is further influenced by the amount of translation by the ribosome and by the stability of the protein product. The stabilities of these two classes of RNA, non-coding and coding, vary considerably: tRNAs and rRNAs tend to be long lived while mRNAs tend to be more short lived. Even among mRNAs, however, there is a considerable range in stability (ranging from seconds to hours in bacteria and up to days in metazoans), suggesting a significant role for stability in the regulation of gene expression. Here, we review recent experiments from bacteria, yeast and metazoans indicating that the stability of most mRNAs is broadly impacted by the actions of ribosomes that translate them. Ribosomal recognition of defective mRNAs triggers “mRNA surveillance” pathways that target the mRNA for degradation [Shoemaker and Green (2012) ]. More generally, even the stability of perfectly functional mRNAs appears to be dictated by overall rates of translation by the ribosome [Herrick et al. (1990), Presnyak et al. (2015) ]. Given that mRNAs are synthesized for the purpose of being translated into proteins, it is reassuring that such intimate connections between mRNA and the ribosome can drive biological regulation. In closing, we consider the likelihood that these connections between protein synthesis and mRNA stability are widespread or whether other modes of regulation dominate the mRNA stability landscape in higher organisms.
The dispersion of the dielectric constant of some dilute solutions of polar compounds in non-polar solvents

A method of measuring at microwave frequencies both the real (e') and imaginary (e″) part of the complex dielectric constant of liquids with a loss tangent less than 0,05 is described. The method uses a vertical section of rectangular waveguide for both propagation and for the liquid cell, which is sealed from the rest of the waveguide by a thin mica window. The waveguide cell is terminated by a micrometer driven open circuit plunger. A klystron, square wave modulated at 1000 cps, is used to generate the signal, while a slotted section of waveguide, directly below the cell, with a probe coupled to a silicon crystal is the detection device. The probe is micrometer driven. The signal power level at the probe is indicated by the output of an audio amplifier fed by the crystal and tuned to the modulation frequency.
Introduction: Homelessness Yesterday and Today — Repression or Relief?

To the contemporary reader, the 200 years separating us from the Romantic period may appear a formidable barrier; like the speaker of Wordsworth’s “The Solitary Reaper,” perhaps we only indistinctly perceive in its poetry and prose “old, unhappy, far-off things, /And battles long ago” (19–20). To scholars seeking a more profound understanding of the culture of the era, this gap may seem wider still. Typically recipients rather than providers of charity, the homeless nevertheless offer this gift to us: a particular and immediate opportunity to reduce this distance. Unlike the poor who have housing, however inadequate, the homeless in today’s cities and towns are unique in their visibility. If the French Revolution or the Napoleonic Wars seem remote, many Americans have become all too familiar with one of the most common occurrences in the tumultuous Romantic era generally and in Wordsworth’s poetry in particular – an encounter with the homeless. Then, as now, these encounters engendered the twin responses of pity and fear, of relief and repression. Then, as now, the homeless were perceived both as broken people in need of help – as victims of economic and social forces beyond their control – and as willfully idle, as dangers to life, as threats to the value of homes and property. Their poverty elicits pity, even as their social alienation evokes the frightening specter of disorder and crime.
Social Concern and Delinquency: An Empirical Assessment of a Novel Theory

Using the Pathways to Desistance data, this study provides a test of Agnew’s social concern theory. Social concern is hypothesized to reduce criminality through four components: care about the welf...
Thick aluminum nitride contour-mode resonators mitigate thermoelastic damping

We demonstrate that the use of thick AlN films in Very-High-Frequency (VHF) contour-mode resonators (CMRs) enables a reduction of thermoelastic damping (TED) occurring in the metallic layers sandwiching the AlN film. This technique leads to a large improvement of the device quality factor (Q increase >72%) with respect to thin-film counterparts, resulting into the highest Q ever measured in air (4980) for CMRs operating in the same frequency range. This novel approach to reduce TED in AlN CMRs simultaneously enables a similar Q but a five times larger k t 2 than previously demonstrated AlN resonators using electrodes suspended over the AlN film.