cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An adaptive robot motivational system

We present a robot motivational system design framework The framework represents the underlying (possibly conflicting) goals of the robot as a set of drives, while ensuring comparable drive levels and providing a mechanism for drive priority adaptation during the robot's lifetime The resulting drive reward signals are compatible with existing reinforcement learning methods for balancing multiple reward functions We illustrate the framework with an experiment that demonstrates some of its benefits.
Recent Developments in the Molecular Biology of Pituitary Tumors

In recent years, significant advances have been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating pituitary tumor growth and development [1–4]. Various studies have shown that most pituitary tumors are monoclonal proliferations [1,2] and that tumor development is related to defects in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. A growing list of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been implicated in pituitary tumor development (Tables 1 and 2). However, most of the genetic abnormalities involved in the development of these tumors have not been uncovered as yet.
Temperature Dependency of Basal and Evoked Release of Amino Acids and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide from Rat Dorsal Spinal Cord

Moderate hypothermia significantly diminishes consequences of spinal and cerebral anoxia. One component of this neuroprotection has been hypothesized to be suppression of excitotoxic transmitter release. Whether this suppression is attributable to reduced hypoxic injury that induces release or an alteration of the release process itself is unclear. We sought to characterize the temperature sensitivity ( Q 10) of basal and evoked calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and amino acid release from dorsal horn slices of rat spinal cord over a range of temperatures from 40 to 8°C. At 40°C, potassium (60 mm) and capsaicin (10 μm) evoked a 21- and 32-fold increase in basal CGRP concentrations, respectively. Capsaicin had no effect on glutamate release, but potassium evoked a 2.7-fold increase. Release evoked by either potassium or capsaicin was reduced in a biphasic fashion with declining temperature. Over the range of 40 to 34°C, the Q 10 values for evoked release for CGRP were 11.3 (potassium) and 39.7 (capsaicin) and for glutamate, 5.5 (potassium). Over the range of 34 to 8°C, Q 10 values were near unity for all evoked release (0.8 and 1.3 for CGRP and 1.2 for glutamate). Although serine, glycine, glutamine, taurine, and citrulline showed no evoked release, basal levels were reduced at temperatures below 34°C. The pronounced temperature dependency of evoked transmitter release between 40 and 34°C is consistent with the profound cerebral protection observed with mild hypothermia in which metabolic activity is only slightly depressed.
A simulation survey of galaxy interactions

Many carefully selected samples of interacting galaxies have been observed extensively in attempts to clarify whether interaction produces activity in galaxies. Because the sample members represent a wide range of encounter parameters and times, one can then study whether there are correlations between observable encounter features and, for example, Seyfert activity. On the other hand, in theoretical studies, simulations typically deal with either time-consuming detailed modelling of single galaxy pairs or tracing a few model encounters over time. The authors extend the observational survey approach by combining it with a simulation survey. The authors are conducting a survey of model encounters, covering the most important encounter parameters over a wide range. Some parameters, such as companion structure and initial velocity, are demonstratably less important and can be ignored in a first pass. The parameter range must be richly enough sampled so that the authors can evaluate the uniqueness of the observable morphology and velocity structure of the resulting simulated pairs to diagnose unobservable companion orbit parameters. They are using a self-gravitating polar n-body code run on the Cray X-MP at the Alabama Supercomputer Network. For each simulation, the authors have stellar and gas distributions predicted over, typically, a billion years, along with information on gas motions within the disk and any material captured by the companion or lost to the system. Features of disturbed spiral galaxies are sensitive enough to time and encounter parameters so that a match of the simulation survey results to observations can be applied as starting points to infer unobservable orbital or system parameters in actual sample members. This should enable them to examine whether interesting observed properties (Seyfert activity, nuclear star-formation rate) are functions of unobservable dynamical properties which characterize each encounter. Any correlations (or lack of some expected ones) will provide strong clues as to how or whether these phenomena are related to interactions. Aside from its use with such observed samples, this survey should greatly speed determination of initial orbital parameters for more detailed subsequent simulations of individual systems.
Retroviruses and Associated Diseases in Humans

1 Introduction and General Properties of the Retroviridae 2 Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type 1 and Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 2 3 Zoonotic Retrovirus Infections 4 Xenotransplantation and other Iatrogenic Risks of Infection with Animal Retroviruses 5 Retroviruses, Cancer, and Diseases of Unknown Etiology Keywords: retroviruses and associated diseases in humans; human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV); long terminal repeats (LTR); reverse transcriptase (RT); human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1); tax response element 1 (TRE-1); HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 receptor; GLUT-1 expression
Identification of calmodulin-sensitive Ca2+-transporting ATPase in the plasma membrane of bovine corneal epithelial cell

Abstract ATP-dependent Ca 2+ uptake was characterized in a plasma membrane enriched fraction obtained from the bovine corneal epithelium. This uptake essentially represented intravesicular accumulation because 72% of the Ca 2+ content was releasable following exposure to 10 −6 M A23187. The substrate and Ca 2+ requirements for maximal transport activity were similar to those described in the red blood cell because: (1) exogenous calmodulin (3 μM) significantly decreased the apparent K m for Ca 2+ to 0.31 μM and increased the rate of Ca 2+ uptake; (2) a hydroxylamine labile Ca 2+ -dependent phosphoenzyme intermediate was identified with an apparent molecular size of 140 kDa; (3) Ca 2+ -dependent binding of 125 I-labelled calmodulin to this protein was demonstrated which could be antagonized with a calmodulin antagonist, trifluoperazine. These results show that the plasma membrane contains an ATP-dependent Ca 2+ transporter. However, its relationship to a previously described high affinity form of Ca 2+ -stimulated Mg 2+ -dependent ATPase is not apparent because their [Mg 2+ ] requirements to elicit maximal activity differed by two orders of magnitude.
A compressive failure model for anisotropic plates with a cutout under compressive and shear loads

The paper introduces a failure model for laminated composite plates with a cutout under combined compressive and shear loads. The model is based on kinking failure of the load-carrying fibers around a cutout, and includes the effect of local shearing and compressive stresses. Comparison of predictions of the model with available experimental results for quasi-isotropic and orthotropic plates with a circular hole indicated a good agreement. Predictions for orthotropic plates under combined loading are compared with the predictions of a point-stress model. The present model indicates significant reductions in axial load-carrying capacity due to shearing loads for plates with principal axis of orthotropy oriented along the axial load direction. A gain in strength is achieved by rotating the axis of orthotropy to counteract the shearing stress, or by eliminating the compressive-shear deformation coupling.
Role of lymphadenectomy in the staging of endometrial cancer.

Pelvic lymphadenectomy offers no therapeutic benefit to women diagnosed with early-stage endometrial cancer according to a new study. Lymphadenectomy can only be recommended as part of a clinical trial in this disease setting; however, it can offer valuable staging information in those with advanced disease.
In vivo measurement of iron concentration using dual-source dual-energy CT

Dual energy computed tomography (CT) has been previously shown to be capable of quantifying iron concentration in a phantom model. In this work, a commercial three material decomposition algorithm was investigated with the aim of quantifying iron concentration in vivo with dual energy CT. Iron (III) nitrate solutions of five/seven different concentrations were placed in syringes of two different cross-sectional areas within anthropomorphic phantoms of three different sizes and scanned using various x-ray tube potentials and beam filtration levels. A commercial three material decomposition software package was used to measure iron concentration values in specified regions of interest. These data were used to assess the effects of tube potential, beam filtration, phantom size, and object size on the ability of dual energy CT to accurately quantify iron concentration. The object's cross sectional area (diameter of syringe containing the iron solution) affected the accuracy of the iron quantification, with measurements averaged over a larger region of interest having improved accuracy. In most cases, the greater spectral separation afforded by the tin filtration improved the accuracy of the iron quantification. Using the larger syringes (approximately 100 mm 2 cross sectional area) and small phantom size, dual energy CT measurements of the three highest iron concentrations (approximately 10 - 18 mg/ml) had a maximum percent difference from the known value of 21%.
Observations of 4U 1700-37 with BATSE

The eclipsing binary X-ray source 4U 1700-37 has been continually monitored by the BATSE experiment on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory since the spring of 1991. Using source measurements at times of Earth occultation, we observe an average (uneclipsed) flux of 0.23 crab in the 20-120 keV band. The flux is highly variable, with occasional flaring behavior on timescales from hundreds of seconds to several hours and intensities as bright as 1 crab. The uneclipsed spectrum is well represented by an optically thin thermal bremsstrahlung model with a temperature of 25 keV independent of source intensity or orbital phase. An upper limit of 4% on the pulse fraction has been obtained for pulse periods between 2 and 700 s. Average orbital light curves from almost 1000 days of occultation measurements have been constructed. These profiles are used to measure: (1) the eclipse semiangle, Theta(sub E) = 28.6 deg +/- 2.1 deg in the 20-120 keV band, and (2) the decrease in orbital period, P(dot)/P = -(3.3 +/- 0.6) x 10(exp -7) 1/ yr. Estimates of system physical parameters are obtained using Monte Carlo simulations to propagate errors in measured and assumed parameters. For the X-ray source mass we find M(sub x) = 2.6(sub -1.4)(sup +2.3) solar mass, and for the mass and radius of the optical companion, M(sub 0) = 30(sub -7)(sup +11) solar mass and R(sub 0) = 18(sub -2)(sup +2) solar radius.
Predictions and observations of the thermal-hydrological conditions in the Single Heater Test

Abstract The Single Heater Test (SHT) is one of two in-situ thermal tests included in the site characterization program for the potential underground nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain. Coupled thermal–hydrological–mechanical–chemical processes in the fractured rock mass around the heater were monitored by numerous sensors emplaced among 30 boreholes. Periodic active testing of cross-hole radar tomography, neutron logging, electrical resistivity tomography, and interference air permeability tests probed the change of moisture content in the rock mass. Thermal–hydrological processes in the SHT have been simulated using a 3-D numerical model and compared to the monitored data. The good agreement between the temperature data and simulated results indicates that the thermal–hydrological responses of the SHT in the 9 months of heating are well-represented by the coupled thermal–hydrological numerical model. The dominant heat transfer process is by conduction and the signature of vapor and liquid counter flow is subtle in the temperature data. The simulated result of a dry-out zone of about 1 m (at the end of the heating phase) around the heater hole, and a condensation zone of increased liquid saturation outside of the dry-out zone, is consistent with the radar tomography and air permeability data. Tomography data and post-test laboratory measurements indicate that the moisture content is larger below than above the heater horizon, suggesting gravity drainage of condensate in the fractures. Model studies show that gravity drainage occurs in simulations using the dual permeability conceptual model, but is absent in the effective-continuum model, where matrix and fractures are required to be in thermodynamic equilibrium at all times.
Impact of disfiguring burn scars on adolescent sexual development

It is popularly believed that disfiguring scars compromise the burned adolescent's ability to establish satisfactory dating relationships and to develop positive identities as sexually attractive people. The purpose of this study was to test that belief by obtaining information about the sexual behaviors and beliefs of adolescents who have disfiguring scars. Nineteen adolescents, ages 13 to 20 and at least 1 year postburn, completed a sexuality survey entitled What Young People Believe and Do--Revised. When compared with the available information, adolescents with disfiguring burn scars appear to have thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are similar to those of nonburned adolescents. The severity of disfigurement as measured by numbers of affected body areas does not seem to be related to the sexual behaviors of the teenagers in this sample.
Requirement of a downstream sequence for generation of a poly(A) addition site

The 3' terminus of most, if not all, eucaryotic polyadenylated mRNAs is formed as a result of endonucleolytic cleavage of a larger precursor RNA. That is, transcription does not terminate at the mRNA 3' sequence but rather proceeds through this site, terminating at some distance downstream. Using a plasmid containing the adenovirus E2A transcriptional unit, we have investigated the sequence requirement for the formation of a mature mRNA 3' terminus, focusing on the role of sequences immediately distal to the poly(A) addition site. Deletion mutants were constructed in the region distal to the poly(A) addition site and assayed by transfection into human 293 cells. The results demonstrate that 35 nucleotides distal to the site of poly(A) addition are sufficient for the formation of a mature E2 mRNA. However, removal of an additional 15 nucleotides, leaving 20 nucleotides distal to the poly(A) site, abolished the ability to produce functional E2A mRNA. The defect in the production of functional mRNA from such a mutant appears to be in the proper cleavage of the primary transcript at the poly(A) addition site. It would thus appear that sequences immediately distal to the site of poly(A) addition do not contribute to the mature mRNA but are essential for the formation of mature mRNA.
Evolution of coherent islands in Si 1 − x Ge x / Si ( 001 )

The evolution of strain driven coherent islands is examined using sensitive real time stress measurements during heteroepitaxial growth of Si{sub 1{minus}x}Ge{sub x}/Si(001), combined with {ital ex situ} microscopy. We show that the sequence of morphological transitions at low mismatch strain is qualitatively identical to that for pure Ge heteroepitaxy on Si(001). In particular, films with strains less than 1{percent} undergo Stranski-Krastanov-like island-on-layer growth, followed by an extended regime of [501]-faceted hut clusters that eventually transform into higher aspect ratio dome clusters. The hut and dome islands are fully coherently strained and do not exhibit lateral composition modulation. Quantitatively, the relevant island length scales are significantly increased at low strain. Scaling of the morphological transitions with strain is directly demonstrated using the real time stress data. We further show that the apparent formation of a ripplelike surface morphology at low strain is actually a consequence of kinetic limitations on adatom diffusion, and does not necessarily signify the presence of a surface instability. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
Parathyroid tumor suppressor on 1p : Analysis of the p18 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor gene as a candidate

Loss of chromosome arm 1p DNA is the most common molecular defect thus far observed in human parathyroid adenomas, suggesting that 1p is the location of a putative tumor suppressor gene (or genes) whose inactivation contributes frequently to parathyroid tumorigenesis. To narrow the genomic location of this tumor suppressor gene, we analyzed 25 sporadic parathyroid adenomas for allelic loss of polymorphic DNA loci on chromosome 1 using 11 microsatellite markers not previously scored for this set of tumors. Allelic loss on chromosome arm 1p DNA was observed in 8 of 25 adenomas. Marker deletion patterns showed some complexity, with the regions most commonly deleted in these tumors being 1p36 and 1p35–p31. The 1p35–p31 region contains an excellent candidate tumor suppressor gene, p18, whose product is a cell cycle regulator that inhibits the cyclin D1-associated kinase CDK6. Given that cyclin D1 is a parathyroid oncogene, inactivation of an inhibitor of cyclin D1 function, like p18, might also cause excessive parathyroid growth. To examine the involvement of p18 in parathyroid tumorigenesis, we analyzed 25 parathyroid adenomas for mutations of the p18 coding exons by single strand conformational polymorphism analysis and sequencing. No point mutations were found in any of the 25 adenomas. These observations indicate that inactivating mutation of the p18 gene occurs uncommonly, if at all, in parathyroid adenomas. In addition, the data raise the important possibility that more than a single tumor suppressor gene on 1p could contribute to parathyroid neoplasia.
Postoperative small-bowel intussusception in children with cancer

The clinical and imaging features of small-bowel intussusception as a complication of abdominal surgery are not well known. Diagnosis may be delayed because symptoms mimic common postoperative complaints. In pediatric cancer patients, the side effects of chemotherapy and symptoms related to the primary malignancy may also obscure the diagnosis. We report the clinical and radiographic features of eight children undergoing evaluation and treatment for solid tumors who developed small-bowel intussusception following laparotomy. These children represent 2.2% of all children and adolescents who underwent laparotomy at a pediatric cancer research and treatment center during a 13-year period. With prompt diagnosis and intervention, morbidity and mortality from this rare but lifethreatening postoperative complication can be avoided.
Formal analysis for logical models of pancreatic cancer

We apply formal verification techniques for studying the behavior of signaling pathways important in cancer. In particular, we use Model Checking for verifying behavioral properties of a single-cell, in silico model of pancreatic cancer. We are interested in properties associated with apoptosis (programmed cell death), cell cycle arrest and proliferation. The properties are specified in temporal logics and include, for example, whether there are checkpoints that the cancer cell should go through before it reaches a given state. Our model includes several major signaling pathways, including the Hedgehog, WNT, KRAS, RB-E2F, NFkB, p53, TGFβ, and apoptosis pathways, which have been recently found to be mutated frequently in pancreatic cancer. The model is formally analyzed via symbolic Model Checking, and shown to agree well qualitatively with experiments. We conclude that Model Checking offers a powerful approach for studying logical models of relevant biological processes.
Incidence and risk factors for axillary web syndrome after breast cancer surgery.

The objective of the study is to estimate the incidence and risk factors of axillary web syndrome (AWS) in early postoperative period (45 days). From the prospective cohort of women undergoing breast cancer surgery, we collected the variables related to patient characteristics, treatment, tumor, and postoperative complications. We performed bivariate and logistic regression. A total of 193 patients are included with a mean age of 58.26 years, majority of which are women who are overweight or obese (72.3%). The incidence of AWS was 28.1%. The presence of pain in the ipsilateral upper-limb associated with AWS was reported in 5.4% of the patients, and the shoulder joint restriction was observed in 11.4%. When controlling for confounding between AWS and the factors that showed statistical significance in bivariate analysis, the variables that explain the occurrence of the AWS were the type of axillary surgery, where women who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy showed 68% less risk compared with those that underwent axillary lymphadenectomy (AL) (RR = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.13−0.79; P value = 0.014) and numbness in the arm after an injury of the intercostobrachial nerve, which is 3.19 times the risk of the AWS (RR = 3.19; 95% CI, 1.40−7.29, P value = 0.006). From the above findings, we concluded that the incidence of AWS was 28.1%, and it was associated with AL and numbness in the arm after injury of the intercostobrachial nerve.
Evaluation of dynamic bandwidth allocation with clustered routing in FiWi networks

The demand for bandwidth in broadband access networks has been increasing exponentially in recent years, due to high-bandwidth applications, such as video on demand (VoD), and peer-to peer (P2P) networking through increasingly powerful mobile devices. The demand for bandwidth and mobility has motivated the development of fiber-wireless (FiWi) networks, which combine the optical access network with the wireless network. FiWi networks support high bandwidth with optical networking mechanisms and mobility through wireless networking. In our previous work, we introduced clustered and localized routing (CluLoR) in FiWi networks. We examined CluLoR, which improves throughput-delay performance compared to a flat (unclustered) topology, only for an elementary dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithm in the optical part of the FiWi network. In this paper, we extend our previous work by conducting an extensive evaluation of DBA algorithms on the CluLoR performance in FiWi networks. In this paper, our focus is how the wireless upstream traffic based on CluLoR going into the optical access network performs when conventional wired traffic is included in the optical network. We evaluate the delay performance for different practical scenarios and examine the underloading and overloading of the wireless and wired traffic respectively on FiWi networks. Our evaluations indicate that the performance impact of DBA algorithms depends on the source of the traffic and we provide comparisons in this paper.
Hybrid Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes/Large-Eddy Simulation Models for Flow Around an Iced Wing

This study evaluates the feasibility of applying a newly developed dynamic hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes/large-eddy simulation modeling framework to predict the massively separated flow around a GLC-305 airfoil with a 22.5 min leading-edge glaze ice accretion. Three-dimensional numerical simulations were performed at Re=3.5×106, M=0.12, and α=6 deg. Comparisons were made between experimental data and simulation results computed using two Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes models (Menter’s shear stress transport k-ω and Spalart–Allmaras) and two hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes/large-eddy simulation models (delayed detached-eddy simulation and the dynamic hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes/large-eddy simulation model). All models overpredicted the mean wall static pressures on the suction surface. Wall pressure predictions obtained using the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes and dynamic hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes/large-eddy simulation models exhibited qualitatively better agreeme...
Stimulation of sanguinarine accumulation in Papaver somniferum cell cultures by fungal elicitors

Abstract Cells of a seven year old strain of Papaver somniferum L. when cultured for 2 weeks and incubated with substances known to elicit the formation of phytoalexins, responded by turning reddish brown within 6 h and accumulating sanguinarine. Morphinan alkaloids were not detected. Media (100 ml) containing 1 ml of Botrytis spec. preparations raised the level of sanguinarine in the cells 26 times over the maximum level found in controls. Over a culture period of 79 h the cells achieved a sanguinarine concentration of 2.9% of dry weight. Media (100 ml) with 1 ml of Rhodotorula rubra preparation, 15 mg arachidonic acid, 1 mg actinomycin, 0.5 ml of Helminthosporium gramineum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum , or 5 ml Colletotrichum gloeosporoides preparation elicited a considerable, but relatively weaker response. Sanguinarine accumulation was also found to occur in the medium and reached a concentration of 43% of total sanguinarine per culture when cells were cultured in 100 ml medium with 5 ml Colletotrichum preparation for 24 h. Young poppy cell cultures initiated 9 months ago responded to the presence of Botrytis material as did 7-year-old cultures.
Deflecting Reactance: The Role of Similarity in Increasing Compliance and Reducing Resistance

On the basis of the approach-avoid dynamics assumed by reactance theory (S. S. Brehm & J. W. Brehm, 1981) and other models (E. S. Knowles & J. A. Linn, 2004), it was predicted that interpersonal similarity can reduce reactance by increasing compliance and by reducing resistance. A communicator's similarity to the participant was manipulated by identical first names and birthdays (Experiment 1) and by congruent values (Experiment 2). People then read essays in which the communicator did or did not threaten their attitudinal freedom. Threats caused boomerang effects only when the communicator's similarity was low or unknown. When the communicator was highly similar to the participant, people agreed strongly, regardless of threat. Similarity increased the force toward persuasion by increasing liking, and it decreased the force toward resistance by making the message seem less threatening. Implications for reactance theory and for resistance to persuasion are discussed.
High-temperature mass-spectrometric determination of the dissociation energies of gaseous ScRh and YRh☆

Abstract The Knudsen-effusion technique coupled with mass spectrometry has been used to determine the dissociation energies of gaseous ScRh and YRh. The values obtained are, Do(ScRh, T = 0) = (440.3 ± 10.5) kJ mol−1, Do(YRh, T = 0) = (441.8 ± 10.5) kJ mol−1. The corresponding Do(298.15 K) values are (444.0 ± 10.5) kJ mol−1 and (445.1 ± 10.5) kJ mol−1. The standard enthalpies of formation for ScRh(g) and YRh(g) have been evaluated as ΔHfo(298.15 K) = (487 ± 17) kJ mol−1 and (533 ± 17) kJ mol−1. A comparison of these values for the dissociation energy with those based on an extension of the Brewer-Engel metallic theory to gas phase, is given.
Expression of haPer1 and haBmal1 in Syrian hamsters: heterogeneity of transcripts and oscillations in the periphery.

The molecular biology of circadian rhythms has been extensively studied in mice, and the widespread expression of canonical circadian clock genes in peripheral organs is well established in this species. In contrast, much less information about the peripheral expression of haPer1, haPer2, and haBmal1 is available in Syrian hamsters despite the fact that this species is widely used for studies of circadian organization and photoperiodic responses. Furthermore, examination of oscillating expression of these genes in mouse testis has generated discrepant results, and little is known about gonadal expression of haPer1 and haBmal1 or their environmental control. To address these questions, the authors examined the pattern of haPer1 and haBmal1 in heart, kidney, liver, muscle, spleen, and testis of hamsters exposed to DD. In most organs, Northern blots suggested the existence of single transcripts of each of these messenger RNAs (mRNAs). haPer1 peaked in late subjective day and haBmal1 during the late subjectiv...
Quantization of collective regular structures of particles

The theory of many-body systems constitutes one of the most complex part of quantum mechanics. Closed results are not readily available and approximations become extremely involved. It is, therefore, of considerable interest that the quantization of certain simple collective motions of particles can describe the energies of atoms, nuclei and particle models rather well. We describe here the most elementary examples of such structures.
Incidents of male exhibitionism in the United States as reported by victimized female college students.

On the basis of legal conviction rates during the 1950s and 196Os, it has been estimated that approximately one third of the sexual offenses in England, Wales, Canada and the United States (Rooth & Marks, 1974) involve indecent exposure. However, Rooth (1971) points out that the conviction rate for indecent exposure bears an unknown relationship to the true offense rate. In a study conducted in Great Britain, Gittleson, Eacott and Mehta (1978) report that only 18% of the women who had ever been victimized by an exhibitionist made statements to the police. Hendrix and Meyer (1975) described an American exhibitionist who reportedly exposed himself to women between 600 to 700 times without ever being apprehended by the police. On the basis of these considerations, it may be fairly concluded that the true incidence of exhibitionism is not known, but may thus far have been grossly underestimated. The only attempt to assess frequency of exhibitionism in the natural environment was made by Gittleson, et al. (1978) who interviewed 100 nurses working in a psychiatric hospital in Great Britain. Of these women, 44% had encountered an exhibitionist, 29 on one occasion and 15 multiple times. No such data are currently available for the United States, however. The purpose of this study was to document the frequency of occurrence and the nature of exhibitionism in the United States, and to compare this to available data from Great Britain. In doing this, an attempt was made to secure a larger, more representative sample than that reported by Gittleson, et al. (1978).
Forebrain Temperature Activates Behavioral Thermoregulatory Response in Arctic Sculpins

Arctic sculpins of the genus Myoxocephalus adapted to water at 5°C escaped from warm water at 20°, 16°, and 12°C when their deep-body temperatures increased from an initial 5°C to about 8°C. Heating parts of the forebrain with water at 25°C circulating through a pair of thermodes astraddle rostral parts of the forebrain shortened the time spent in the warm water and lessened the incease in deep-body temperature before exit from the warm water. Cooling the forebrain to about -1°C caused a large increase in the body temperature and sometimes suppressed the escape from the warm water.
The readout system for the silicon microstrip tracker of the upgraded DØ detector

Abstract The Silicon Microstrip Tracker constitutes one of the key elements of the DO upgrade, in order to fully exploit the physics potential of the Tevatron Run II. The tracker design is briefly overviewed before focusing on its readout system.
Testing of a Pumpless MEMS Microinjection Needle Employing Electrostatic Attraction and Repulsion of DNA

The ultimate goal of this work is to develop an automated MEMS-based lab-on-a-chip microinjector. This paper outlines one phase of that work: testing the feasibility of a pumpless, polysilicon MEMS microneedle for use in the proposed MEMS-based lab-on-a-chip microinjector. The pumpless MEMS microneedle operates on the principle of attraction and repulsion of DNA using electrostatic charges. Prototype microneedles were fabricated using a multi-layer surface micromachining process. DNA stained with a fluorescent dye (4‘, 6-DIAMIDINO-2-PHENYLINDOLE DIHYDROCHLORIDE or DAPI) was visualized using fluorescent illumination as the DNA was attracted to and repelled from the tips of MEMS microneedles using a 1.5 V DC source. The pumpless MEMS microneedle represents an important and significant step in the development of a self-contained, automated, MEMS-based microinjection system.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
SMU.152 Acts as an Immunity Protein for Mutacin IV

Streptococcus mutans, a principal causative agent of dental caries, secretes antimicrobial peptides known as mutacins to suppress the growth of competing species to establish a successful colonization. S. mutans UA159, a sequenced strain, produces at least two major mutacins, mutacins IV and V. Mutacin IV is a two-peptide mutacin encoded by nlmAB genes, which are mapped just upstream of a putative immunity-encoding gene SMU.152. Here we explored the function of SMU.152 as an immunity protein. We observed that overexpression of SMU.152 in two sensitive host strains converted the strains to become immune to mutacin IV. To identify the residues that are important for immunity function, we sequentially deleted residues from the C-terminal region of SMU.152. We observed that deletion of as few as seven amino acids, all of which are highly charged (KRRSKNK), drastically reduced the immunity function of the protein. Furthermore, we identified two other putative immunity proteins, SMU.1909 and SMU.925, which lack the last four charged residues (SKNK) that are present in SMU.152 but contain the KRR residues. Synthetic addition of SKNK residues to either SMU.1909 or SMU.925 to reconstitute the KRRSKNK motif and expressing these constructs in sensitive cells rendered the cells resistant to mutacin IV. We also demonstrated that deletion of Man-PTS system from a sensitive strain made the cells partially resistant to mutacin IV, indicating that the Man-PTS system plays a role in mutacin IV recognition.
Hydrocarbon chlorination promoted by manganese and iron complexes with methylated derivatives of bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine

Abstract Non-heme iron halogenases, such as SyrB2 and CytC3, catalyze the regioselective chlorination and bromination of aliphatic C–H bonds. Reported here is the hydrocarbon chlorination promoted by manganese and iron complexes with methylated derivatives of bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (bispicen). The reactions between these coordination compounds and meta -chloroperbenzoic acid generate oxidants capable of oxidizing weak C–H bonds to C–Cl bonds. This chemistry is regioselective, with a strong preference for activating C–H bonds on secondary carbons over weaker C–H bonds on tertiary carbons. The reactivity is consistent with the methyl groups on the ligands preventing more sterically encumbered substrates from accessing the reactive portions of a [M IV (L Me n)(O)Cl 2 ] oxidant. The iron compounds promote more hydrocarbon chlorination than their manganese analogs.
Numerical Studies of the Shapes of Drift Tubes and Linac Cavities

At the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, a computer program for calculating the nmgaetic and electric fields in resonant cavities has been developed. This program, LALA, will compute the fields in any cavity having cylindrical symmetry; arbitrary shapes for both drift tubes and external boundaries can be treated. Both ?-mode and 2?-mode cavities can be handled. Calculations of several ?-mode cavities at about 800 Mc/sec frequency have been carried out. At this frequency, for the ?-mode, and in a cavity containing a drift tube, an external conducting boundary having a circular cross-section gives about a ten percent increase in ZT2 from the more normal rectangular external boundary.
Credit information sharing and banking crises: An empirical investigation

Abstract We study the effect of credit information sharing on the likelihood of banking crises using a comprehensive cross-country dataset for the period from 1975 to 2006. The empirical analysis shows that credit information sharing reduces the likelihood of banking crises and it does more so in low income countries. The effect is statistically and economically significant, and applies to both public registries and private bureaus. Furthermore, we show that credit information sharing reduces the impact of rapid credit growth on banking crises. Specifically, rapid credit growth is less likely to lead to a banking crisis in countries with credit information sharing.
The effect of picture task cards on performance of the test of gross motor development by preschool-aged children: a preliminary study

Performance on the Test of Gross Motor Development (Second Edition; TGMD-2) by children with autism spectrum disorders improves when picture task cards were implemented into the assessment protocol [Breslin, C.M., & Rudisill, M.E. (2011). The effect of visual supports on performance of the TGMD-2 for children with autism spectrum disorder. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 28, 342–353]. This preliminary study sought to examine the effects of picture task cards on TGMD-2 performance by preschool-aged children without a diagnosed autism spectrum disorder. Participants (N = 10) completed the TGMD-2 under two counterbalanced conditions (traditional protocol and picture task card protocol) in random order. Mean gross motor quotient scores for the traditional protocol and picture task card protocols were 88.90 and 85.00, respectively. A paired samples t-test indicated that scores were significantly higher in the traditional protocol (t (9) = 2.899; η 2 = 0.48, p = 0.018). Therefore, the use of picture task c...
Einstein Observations of Galactic supernova remnants

This paper summarizes the observations of Galactic supernova remnants with the imaging detectors of the Einstein Observatory. X-ray surface brightness contours of 47 remnants are shown together with gray-scale pictures. Count rates for these remnants have been derived and are listed for the HRI, IPC, and MPC detectors.
Cloning the full-length IL-2/15 receptor-β cDNA sequence from mouse brain: evidence of enrichment in hippocampal formation neurons

Numerous studies have implicated interleukin-2 (IL-2) in various brain processes, and more recently, several studies have also attributed neurobiological actions to interleukin-15 (IL-15). On lymphocytes, receptors for IL-2 and IL-15 share a common subunit, the IL-2/15 receptor-beta (IL-2/15Rbeta) that is essential for intracellular signaling. Although a short segment of IL-2/15Rbeta has been cloned (0.35 kb) from normal brain cells, attempts to isolate the full-length cDNA have been unsuccessful, suggesting the possibility that the genes expressed by brain cells and lymphocytes may differ. Using conventional and anchored PCR cloning strategies, we isolated the full-length cDNA of IL-2/15Rbeta (2038 bp) from well-perfused, normal mouse forebrain. The coding sequence and the adjacent 5' and 3' UTR sequences from brain and lymphocyte were found to be fully homologous. Although evidence of expression of IL-2/15Rbeta can be found in many brain regions using PCR, clear evidence of gene expression by in situ hybridization was detectable only in the hippocampal formation, habenula and piriform cortex. This same pattern of mRNA expression in situ was also observed for the common gamma subunit shared by IL-2 and IL-15. In the hippocampus, IL-2/15Rbeta expression was localized to neurons by high resolution in situ hybridization and evidence of IL-2 receptor protein expression was also detected by radioligand receptor binding using hippocampal homogenates. Comparison of undifferentiated and differentiated, immortalized H19-7 hippocampal neurons showed that IL-2/15Rbeta was constitutively expressed across disparate stages of hippocampal neuronal differentiation. These data indicate that IL-2/15Rbeta may serve to modulate neuronal processes in the hippocampus and associated limbic brain regions.
Sediment Distribution in Southwestern Indian Ocean: ABSTRACT

Sediment distribution patterns in the southern Mozambique Channel and adjacent southwest Indian Ocean were investigated from short gravity cores and surface bottom samples. These shelves are covered by terrigenous sediments of varying grain sizes, chiefly silty, and upper slopes by hemipelagic calcareous mud. Areas of nondeposition on parts of the African shelf and upper slope reflect the winnowing action of the Mozambique-Agulhas Current. Relict foraminiferal faunas and exposed beachrock on the African shelf indicate a former lowered sea level. Lower continental slopes (below 1,500 m), continental rises, and plateaus are covered by foraminiferal marl and chalk oozes whose distribution correlates in part with the grain-size distribution. A size analysis of planktonic Fora inifera indicates that concentrations of small and large tests in some oozes are due to sorting. Manganese nodules are abundant on the Mozambique Plateau, which is swept by an eddy of Antarctic Intermediate Water. Natal basin sediments include turbidites, derived from neritic and bathyal depths, which are dispersed from northwest to southeast. Surficial turbidite layers did not reach the southern part of the basin floor, which is covered by pelagic clay and manganese nodules. Average sedimentation rates of sediments younger than approximately 4,000-6,000 years range from 1 to 9 cm/1,000 years, depending on topographic position and distance from land. The average rate of accumulation for undisturbed deep-sea ooze during the entire late Quaternary is 1.5-2.5 cm/1,000 years. End_of_Article - Last_Page 810------------
A small element from the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus genome makes human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression and replication Rev-independent.

Abstract Replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is dependent on the viral Rev protein. This protein acts in concert with the cis-acting rev-responsive element present in intron-containing RNAs to facilitate nuclear export of these RNAs. Here we show that a cis-acting 219-nucleotide sequence from an unrelated "simple" retrovirus, Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV), enables Rev-independent HIV-1 replication. This sequence is present in an untranslated region near the 3' end of the MPMV genome. The MPMV element is also able to efficiently substitute for Rev in expression of Gag/Pol and Env proteins from subgenomic constructs. We hypothesize that the MPMV element functions by interacting with a cellular factor that plays a role in mRNA transport analogous to that of the Rev protein. It might be possible to exploit this element in the development of an HIV vaccine.
Determination of Average Ternary Interdiffusion Coefficients Using Moments of Interdiffusion Flux and Concentration Profiles

We developed a method of rigorous solution of the Onsager’s flow equations using moments of the interdiffusion-parameter integrands for the determination of average ternary interdiffusion coefficients. The analysis developed by Dayananda and Sohn [1] is the basis for this refined approach. Average main and cross interdiffusion coefficients are determined over selected regions in the diffusion zone using the diffusion-distance moments of the interdiffusion flux flow equations. Thermodynamic stability of solid solutions in the light of interdiffusion phenomenon is taken as validation criteria to identify accurate and reliable values of the ternary interdiffusion coefficients. Regulations are proposed for successful application of the analysis method to various ternary diffusion couples in Ni- and Fe-based intermetallics.
Graphene based active and passive component development on transparent substrates

Antennas collect radio waves and channel them into radio frequency (RF) transmission lines which direct the signals to circuits from which information can be demodulated and decoded. Glass, the most common portal between outside and inside environments, is clear at the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum, and it is also relatively transparent to a large portion of the electromagnetic spectrum useful for radio wave communications. Since glass as a building material is used everywhere, it could be a readily accessible substrate upon which to mount or fabricate the antennas and RF electronics, but only if these circuit components are also transparent. In this paper, we present our development to date of glass RF circuits along two tracks: 1) transparent antennas and 2) graphene based active and passive circuit elements. Along the first track we have demonstrated antennas made from nanowire films capable of an optical transparency of 72% and sheet resistance of 4-5Ω/sq. Along the second track, we have in so far demonstrated graphene on glass field effect transistors with an fmax of 7 GHz, varactors with 1.4:1 tuning range, resistors with 3-70 kΩ, and capacitors from 13-860 pF. This is just the start; our plans are to increase the frequency and tuning ranges of the active and passive devices. Since graphene is inherently transparent at visible wavelengths, we ultimately would like to merge these two tracks to integrate active and passive RF circuitry with the antenna either directly on glass or as an applique put on glass, circuits which we’ve termed RF Glass®.
HIV Type 1 Gag as a Target for Antiviral Therapy

Abstract The Gag proteins of HIV-1 are central players in virus particle assembly, release, and maturation, and also function in the establishment of a productive infection. Despite their importance throughout the replication cycle, there are currently no approved antiretroviral therapies that target the Gag precursor protein or any of the mature Gag proteins. Recent progress in understanding the structural and cell biology of HIV-1 Gag function has revealed a number of potential Gag-related targets for possible therapeutic intervention. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of HIV-1 Gag and suggest some approaches for the development of novel antiretroviral agents that target Gag.
TURBULENT DIFFUSION BEHIND VEHICLES: EXPERIMENTALLY DETERMINED INFLUENCE OF VORTEX PAIR IN VEHICLE WAKE

Abstract The wake of a moving vehicle was simulated using a wind tunnel with a moving floor. The vehicle models, both block-shaped and ‘true’ scale models of actual automobiles, were held in a fixed position while the floor moved at the upstream air speed. This simulates an automobile travelling on a straight highway in still ambient air. Vertical and lateral profiles of mean and fluctuating velocities and mean tracer concentration were obtained. Profiles were taken at distances of 15–60 model heights downstream. Two exhaust source positions were used: at the center of the rear of the vehicle and on the side just behind the rear wheel. It was found that the models of true vehicles induce a pair of vortices in the wake that modify the velocity and concentration patterns in a minor way from that of the block-shaped vehicle.