cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Virial series expansion and Monte Carlo studies of equation of state for hard spheres in narrow cylindrical pores.

In this paper, the virial series expansion and constant pressure Monte Carlo method are used to study the longitudinal pressure equation of state for hard spheres in narrow cylindrical pores. We invoke dimensional reduction and map the model into an effective one-dimensional fluid model with interacting internal degrees of freedom. The one-dimensional model is extensive. The Euler relation holds, and longitudinal pressure can be probed with the standard virial series expansion method. Virial coefficients ${B}_{2}$ and ${B}_{3}$ were obtained analytically, and numerical quadrature was used for ${B}_{4}$. A range of narrow pore widths $(2{R}_{p})$, ${R}_{p}l(\sqrt{3}+2)/4=0.9330...$ (in units of the hard sphere diameter) was used, corresponding to fluids in the important single-file formations. We have also computed the virial pressure series coefficients ${B}_{2}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, ${B}_{3}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, and ${B}_{4}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ to compare a truncated virial pressure series equation of state with accurate constant pressure Monte Carlo data. We find very good agreement for a wide range of pressures for narrow pores. These results contribute toward increasing the rather limited understanding of virial coefficients and the equation of state of hard sphere fluids in narrow cylindrical pores.
Dialectical Constellations Of Progress: New Visions Of Public Higher Education For The Twenty-First Century

Neoliberalism is in the process of transforming higher education from a social good into a market good. For neoliberals, all social institutions, including education, should be subject to the market. Yet this market vision can have detrimental effects on higher education because it negates all critical and humanistic aspects of it. The Virginia Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2011 is a state policy that aims to restructure higher education into a market good and is a direct reflection of neoliberalism. This paper will argue that scholars and educationalists must not only fight neoliberalism and return education to a social good, but also help higher education progress to something totally new. Dialectics entails the simultaneous preservation of what is beneficial and the destruction of what is oppressive in state affairs. It is the hope that a dialectical critique of the Virginia Higher Education Opportunity Act can transform higher education from its current state as a market good into a rich and complex entity that can contribute to true progress for the state of Virginia.
Conductivity measurement of electrospun PAN-based carbon nanofiber

Although electrostatic generation, or electrospinning, of ultrafine fibers was invented as early as in 1930s [1], the technique has been used to produce conductive polymer fibers only recently [2]. Reneker and Chun et al. [3] electrospun polyaniline fibers from sulfuric acid into a coagulation bath. Chun et al. [4] electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers, and pyrolyzed them into carbon nanofibers. Because of their obvious high specific surface area, electrospun ultrafine fibers are expected to be used as high performance filters, or scaffolds in tissue engineering [5]. For the same reason, one may expect that chemisorbed gases may modulate the electrical conductivity, leading to the fabrication of sensor devices. Unfortunately, the electrical transport properties of these electrodeposited materials have caught the interest of few researchers except for Norris et al. [5], who used the indirect four-point probe method to measure the conductivity of the electrospun non-woven ultra-fiber mat of polyaniline doped with camphorsulfonic acid blended with polyethylene oxide (PEO). As the non-woven mat is highly porous and the “fill factor” of the fibers is less than that of a cast film, the measured conductivity tends to be lower than that of bulk [5]. In this paper, a direct method is used to measure the I -V curve and conductivity of the electrospun PAN-based carbon nanofibers. Commercial PAN powder and N,N-Dimethyl Formamide (DMF), in a ratio of 600 mg PAN to 10−5 m3 DMF, were used to prepare a solution. This mixture was vigorously stirred by an electromagnetically driven magnet at room temperature before it became a homogeneous polymer solution. The electrospinning was conducted in a homemade setup shown in Fig. 1. The DC power supply was an ES30-0.1P Model HV
Clawback provision of SOX, financial misstatements, and CEO compensation structure

Section 304 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (hereafter, SOX), commonly known as the clawback provision, entitles the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to sue the CEO and CFO in an attempt to recov...
Creative Agency: Empowerment in Art and Design Education

Creativity has long been the battle cry of the arts in education. This started changing some time ago, and now almost everyone thinks creativity is a good idea. School mission statements embrace cr...
High fat diet increases cognitive decline and neuroinflammation in a model of orexin loss

Abstract Midlife obesity is a risk factor for cognitive decline and is associated with the earlier onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Diets high in saturated fat potentiate the onset of obesity, microglial activation, and neuroinflammation. Signaling deficiencies in the hypothalamic peptide orexin and/or orexin fiber loss are linked to neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment, and neuroinflammation. Prior studies show that orexin is neuroprotective, suppresses neuroinflammation, and that treatment with orexin improves cognitive processes in orexin/ataxin-3 (O/A3) mice, a transgenic mouse model of orexin neurodegeneration. Our overall hypothesis is that loss of orexin contributes to high fat diet (HFD)-induced hippocampal neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. To examine this, we tested male O/A3 mice (7–8 mo. of age) in a two-way active avoidance (TWAA) hippocampus-dependent memory task. We tested whether (1) orexin loss impaired cognitive function; (2) HFD worsened cognitive impairment; and (3) HFD increased microglial activation and neuroinflammation. O/A3 mice showed significant impairments in TWAA task learning vs. wild type (WT) mice (increased escapes p
Cell-based therapy for Crohn's disease: time to consider optimization.

Cell-based therapies for the treatment of perianal Crohn’s disease have well-established safety profiles and improved efficacy compared with conventional therapy. However, stem cells are not a homogeneous product and questions remain before we can optimize clinical trials of these treatments and achieve best patient outcomes.
Accurate colorization for holographic imaging of pathology slides using absorbance spectrum estimation of histochemical stains (Conference Presentation)

Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) has various unique advantages, such as large depth-of-field, simplicity of the optical setup, and the capability to reconstruct both the amplitude and phase images of samples. However, due to the use of narrow-band illumination sources, holographic imaging of pathology samples is limited by imperfect color representation, which might negatively impact diagnostic decisions. Here, an accurate-color holographic microscopy framework is presented using absorbance spectrum estimation of histochemical stains with a minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion. Using this method, a pathology slide is imaged using a holographic microscope at a small number of wavelengths (e.g., three to six). These multispectral images are then used to estimate the absorbance spectrum of the sample at each pixel location, and to calculate a color-corrected tristimulus image. Based on this approach, we further optimize the selection of wavelengths by minimizing the color error of the reconstructed image compared to the ground truth, color-accurate image that is obtained using 31 illumination wavelengths (acquired sequentially). Based on this absorbance spectrum estimation method and the selection of optimal illumination wavelengths, we significantly improved the average color error of holographic images of 25 samples with different tissue-stain combinations, including breast, kidney, esophagus, lung, liver, artery, and Pap smear samples combined with H&E, PAS, MT, EVG, Congo Red, GMS, Alcian Blue, Jones, Gram, and Pap stains. The presented method provides a practical guide for accurate-color holographic imaging of stained tissue samples and cells for digital pathology and telemedicine applications.
State Obligations in the European System

The issue: In March 2015, the Italian Constitutional Court judgment on the Varvara case concluded that only consolidated law (diritto consolidato) of the Strasbourg Court is binding erga omnes in the domestic legal order. Although the notion of consolidated law is not clearly established, it includes at least Grand Chamber and pilot judgments and eventually committee judgments. Chamber judgments are binding only inter partes and have no other effect in similar cases sharing the same structural problems. In July 2015, the Russian Constitutional Court delivered a judgment on the Federal Law on the Accession of the Russian Federation to the ECHR, which affirmed that the judgments of the Strasbourg Court would not be enforceable if and when they contradict the Russian Constitution, according to its reading by the Russian Constitutional Court. This line of domestic case law puts in question the legal force of the European Court’s case law and of the European Convention itself. Other cases in UK and German jurisdictions raise similar concerns. The tense relationship between some Supreme and Constitutional Courts and the European Court raises the question of principle: what are the obligations of the contracting parties to the Convention to implement the European Court’s judgments?
Induced radioactivity and influence of materials selection in deuterium-deuterium and deuterium-tritium fusion reactors

The radioactivity, biological hazard potential, and afterheat levels in the deuterium-deuterium (D-D) fuel cycle fusion reactor, SATYR, have been evaluated for two types of structural materials: ferritic steel (HT-9) and sintered aluminum product. Results are compared to the corresponding levels in the deuterium-tritium (D-T) fuel cycle systems, STARFIRE and WITAMIR-I, both during operation and after plant decomissioning. The influence of blanket replacements on the radioactivity levels has been considered in the comparative analysis. It has been found that the long-term radioactivity level (100 to 1000 yr after plant shutdown) in the ferritic steel blanket of the SATYR design is somewhat higher, by a factor of 2 to 6, than that found for a D-T reactor system employing the same structural alloy. The high levels are attributed to the softer spectrum and the larger structure volume fraction encountered in the D-D machines. However, the levels during plant operation ( about30 yr) are comparable. Isotopic tailoring and elemental substitution in alloys to reduce the long-term radioactivity levels in the SATYR design are discussed. It is found that three orders of magnitude reduction in radioactivity levels can be achieved by isotopically tailoring the molybdenum in the ferritic steel to 100% /sup 97/Mo. The more » elemental substitution of vanadium for nickel and molybdenum in ferritic steels is shown to reduce long-term radioactivity levels by four orders of magnitude. These low levels at long times after shutdown are below those found for blankets using aluminum alloy structure. The results make clear that elemental composition should be a primary consideration in alloy formulation if the goal of a low radioactivity level in fusion reactor radwaste is to be achieved. « less
Programming Pulse Driven Quantum Computers

Arrays of weakly-coupled quantum systems can be made to compute by subjecting them to a sequence of electromagnetic pulses of well-defined frequency and length. Such pulsed arrays are true quantum computers: bits can be placed in superpositions of 0 and 1, logical operations take place coherently, and dissipation is required only for error correction. Programming such computers is accomplished by selecting the proper sequence of pulses.
Characterization of LrgAB as a stationary phase-specific pyruvate uptake system in Streptococcus mutans

Our recent ‘-omics’ comparisons of Streptococcus mutans wild-type and lrgAB-mutant revealed that this organism undergoes dynamic cellular changes in the face of multiple exogenous stresses, consequently affecting its comprehensive virulence traits. In this current study, we further demonstrate that LrgAB functions as a S. mutans pyruvate uptake system. S. mutans excretes pyruvate during growth as an overflow metabolite, and appears to uptake this excreted pyruvate via LrgAB once the primary carbon source is exhausted. This utilization of excreted pyruvate was tightly regulated by glucose levels and stationary growth phase lrgAB induction. The degree of lrgAB induction was reduced by high extracellular levels of pyruvate, suggesting that lrgAB induction is subject to negative feedback regulation, likely through the LytST TCS, which is required for expression of lrgAB. Stationary phase lrgAB induction was efficiently inhibited by low concentrations of 3FP, a toxic pyruvate analogue, without affecting cell growth, suggesting that accumulated pyruvate is sensed either directly or indirectly by LytS, subsequently triggering lrgAB expression. S. mutans growth was inhibited by high concentrations of 3FP, implying that pyruvate uptake is necessary for S. mutans exponential phase growth and occurs in a Lrg-independent manner. Finally, we found that stationary phase lrgAB induction is modulated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and by co-cultivation with H2O2-producing S. gordonii. Pyruvate may provide S. mutans with an alternative carbon source under limited growth conditions, as well as serving as a buffer against exogenous oxidative stress. Given the hypothesized role of LrgAB in cell death and lysis, these data also provide an important basis for how these processes are functionally and mechanically connected to key metabolic pathways such as pyruvate metabolism.
Topical Review: Enhancing Understanding of the Clinical Meaningfulness of Outcomes to Assess Treatment Benefit from Psychological Therapies for Children with Chronic Pain.

Objective Despite the availability of measures for assessing physical, psychological, and health impact in children with chronic pain, there are not established guidelines for interpretation of children's pain outcomes following psychological treatment. The purpose of this topical review is to discuss clinical significance as a neglected area of consideration in pediatric chronic pain assessment and to make recommendations on how the field can move toward benchmarking on core outcome domains. Method We review definitions of clinical significance and examples of several methodologies that have been used in other populations or are emerging in pediatric chronic pain including anchor-based methods, distribution-based methods, or multimethod approaches. Results Few measures across pediatric chronic pain outcome domains have established clinical significance of scores to interpret meaningful change following treatment limiting the interpretability of findings from clinical trials. In the context of clinical practice, several efforts to examine clinical significance to improve the translation of evidence-based measurement into standard clinical decision-making exist. Conclusions Recommendations are provided to encourage additional validation efforts of outcome measures in pediatric chronic pain and to encourage authors to report clinical significance in clinical trials of psychological interventions for pediatric chronic pain.
Old Gods, New Enigmas: Marx’s Lost Theory

To say that the second centenary of Karl Marx’s birth arrived at an opportune moment would be an understatement bordering upon cruelty. Our conjuncture unites the accelerating horror of capitalism’...
Advances in Genomics Research of Pneumocystis Species

Abstract Pneumocystis species are fungi found in the lungs of most mammals. These fungi are opportunistic and host-obligate pathogens that cause Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in humans with the compromised immune system. Due to a parasitic life style and lack of an ex vivo culture system, Pneumocystis species still present a challenge to understanding their pathobiology and developing new drugs. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in the study of these organisms that became possible with the advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies. Such aspects of Pneumocystis biology as metabolism, life cycle, host-pathogen interaction, polymorphism, and drug resistance are discussed.
The Interface Between Zinc Phosphate-Deposited Steel Fibers and Cement Paste

In an attempt to protect steel fiber reinforcements from corrosion and improve the adherence of cement pastes to steel fiber reinforcement, we deposited a zinc phosphate (Zn∙Ph) conversion coating on the surface of the fibers. At the interfacial contact zones between the cement paste and Zn∙Ph, the alkali-induced dissolution caused the dissociation of abundant P0 4 3- ions from the Zn∙Ph. The interaction of P0 4 3- ions with Ca2+ ions from the pastes led to the formation of hydroxyapatite and brushite in the vicinity of the dissolved Zn∙Ph surface. Such intermediate Ca-phosphate compounds played important roles 1) in improving the cement-fiber interfacial bonds, and 2) in repairing the damage of the Zn∙Ph surface dissolved by alkali. These processes protected the steel fiber from corrosion.
Muscle-Derived Differentiation Factor and its Regulation of the Tyrosine Hydroxylase Gene in the Developing, Adult and Lesioned Rat Brain

Publisher Summary This chapter describes muscle-derived differentiation factor (MDF) and its regulation of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene in the developing, adult, and lesioned rat brain. MDF is a soluble protein that has been extracted and partially purified from rat, bovine, or cloned (L6) muscle cells. MDF was first discovered and its effects first defined in the cultures of embryonic brain neurons where it has profound dose-dependent effects on the expression of transmitter-specific genes. Its striking ability to both induce and regulate gene expression has led to postulate a role for MDF in the development and maintenance of a catecholamine (CA) phenotype and to examine its potential usefulness in modifying transmitter status in response to injury or disease. MDF possesses the unique ability to initiate the transcription of the gene for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the first enzyme in CA biosynthesis, in neurons that do not normally contain the enzyme or synthesize CA transmitters in vivo . The in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that MDF may be an important factor in (1) the specification of a CA/dopamine phenotype during differentiation of the brain; (2) influencing the levels of CA neurotransmitters synthesized by brain CA neurons; and (3) developing new strategies for the treatment of neurological disease.
Platelet and Leukocyte Concentration in Equine Autologous Conditioned Plasma Are Inversely Distributed by Layer and Are Not Affected by Centrifugation Rate

Background: Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is used extensively in equine regenerative medicine. Differences in preparation protocols give rise to significant variability in the cellular composition of PRP making it very difficult to establish a standard of care in the field. This study aimed to optimize the preparation protocol for leukocyte-reduced PRP (P-PRP). Methods: Blood (100 mL) was collected from horses (n = 5) and divided into 2 purple top EDTA tubes and 6 (15 mL) double syringesa with a final concentration of 10% acid citrate dextrose anticoagulant. Six double syringesa were collected from each horse; PRP samples were prepared in duplicate and centrifuged at 1,100 rpm (188 × g), 1,300 rpm (263 × g), or 1,500 rpm (350 × g). Duplicates were subjected to +/- braking at the end of centrifugation. The total volume of PRP generated was measured and divided into thirds. Each third (top, middle, and bottom) were drawn off separately using the inner (6 mL syringe) and placed in purple top EDTA tubes. Automated complete blood counts were performed on all peripheral whole blood and PRP samples. Results: The concentration of leukocytes was higher in the bottom layer of PRP compared to the top and middle layers (p < 0.0001). The concentration of platelets was slightly lower in the bottom layer of PRP than the middle layer (p = 0.02). Centrifugation braking increased the leukocyte concentration in the top (p = 0.03) and middle layers of PRP (p = 0.001). Centrifugation rate had no effect on the cellular composition of PRP (p = 0.1-0.6). Conclusions: Because layer of plasma affected both platelet and leukocyte concentrations in PRP, the most important modification for the current single spin, double syringe, plasma based PRP preparation protocols is to exclude the bottom 1/3 layer of PRP.
Persistence of Extreme Events in Micro Resonators

Here we report a novel method utilizing a four-wave-mixing time lens to observe and characterize rogue waves in microresonators. We also experimentally measure, for the first time, persistence of these extreme events.
Baseline Clinical Skill of Medical Students Entering the Obstetrics and Gynecology Core Clinical Clerkship

Determine baseline clinical skills of medical students entering the Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN) clerkship with prior clinical curricular exposure. Students are introduced to clinical correlates sooner in the preclinical curriculum to facilitate adult learning. There are few studies determining clerkship-specific clinical skills readiness in OB/GYN, a specialty with historically limited previous exposure. An anonymous 15-question clinical readiness survey (1–5 Likert scale) was administered to medical students during their OB/GYN Orientation at the University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio over four academic years, 2014–2018, to determine baseline OB/GYN clinical skill knowledge and confidence. Statistical analysis included Spearman rank correlation and Kruskal-Wallis tests, with significance defined as p < 0.05. The survey was completed by 346 students (77% participation). Overall, students felt most confident in knot tying skills (17%) and closed gloving technique (7%) and least confident in knowledge of labor curve (86%), Leopold’s maneuvers (88%), and Montevideo units (MVU) (90%). Confidence in performing closed gloving (4% vs. 11%, p < 0.01) and tying knots (8% vs. 27%, p < 0.01) was significantly higher during rotations later in the academic year. Students who expressed a higher level of interest felt more prepared for the clerkship (rs = 0.21, p < 0.01). Results indicate that confidence in obstetric-specific clinical skills is relatively low throughout the academic year; however, baseline surgical skills show improvement. It is important for teaching faculty to know baseline clinical skills of the medical student with earlier clinical exposure to enhance adult learning and optimize clinical competency. In medical students receiving earlier clinical exposure, confidence in baseline obstetric-specific clinical skill is relatively low throughout the academic year. Confidence in general surgical skills demonstrates improvement over the academic year.
Developing Emotion Research: Insights From Emotional Development:

A full understanding of emotion necessitates the bridging of disciplinary perspectives and methodological approaches. This special section uses emotional development as a foil to illustrate how suc...
Store brand vs. national brand prices: Willingness to pay ≠ willingness to accept

Determining the appropriate price for store brands relative to national brands is important. When setting the price, consumers’ perceptions of price and quality need to be considered. Two past appr...
Home-Based Evaluation and Management of Sleep Disordered Breathing via Telehealth

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a common clinical problem. The demand for specialized care for SDB and other sleep-related problems is increasing with a declining number of board-certified sleep physicians. The convenience of telemedicine (TM) is especially noteworthy for the management of chronic illnesses such as SDB as many patient visits can be conducted remotely utilizing a secure HIPPA compliant system without sacrificing quality of care. This chapter outlines a TM-based approach for the diagnosis and management of SDB and defines patient populations in whom it can be used. Given the advantages of a TM-based approach, we expect it to assume an expanding role in the management of patients with OSA over time. Evolving technology will further facilitate the role of TM in the diagnosis and management of SDB.
Does Belatacept Provide a Safe Renal Sparing Immunosuppression in Lung Transplant Recipients? A Single-Center Experience

Purpose Belatacept reduces calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) nephrotoxicity in kidney transplant recipients. However, its use in lung transplantation is extremely limited and it remains unclear whether it can provide a safe and effective renal sparing immunosuppression in patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods This is a prospective cohort study of patients who were started on Belatacept with lower CNI goals post lung transplantation at our institution between 2018 and 2020. Institutional IRB approval was obtained. Patients aged 18 years or older were included and multiorgan recipients were excluded. Continuous data was reported as median and categorical data as proportions. Paired data analyses that include Wilcoxan signed rank test and McNemar's test were performed. Results 85 patients satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Median time to initiation of Belatacept after transplantation was 293 days, interquartile range (IQR) (148-611). The cohort was followed for a median of 311 days IQR (182-465). 28 patients (33%) stopped the infusion with the majority due to infectious complications. There was a median of 1ml increase in GFR (p=0.68). The FEV1 increased a median of 40ml during the same duration (p=0.0034). Conclusion In this large cohort, Belatacept provided an effective renal sparing immunosuppression. There was no decline in graft function with stabilization of GFR. There was a tendency towards a higher rate of opportunistic infections and cancers; however, this did not achieve statistical significance.
Outcomes of curative intent treatment in advanced gynecological cancer with recurrent, distant lymph node, or visceral organ metastasis: Retrospective study from a single community center.

e17566Background: Uterine, cervical and ovarian cancers with isolated recurrences in the pelvic, para-aortic or distant lymph nodes, such as axillary, supraclavicular lymph node, or visceral organs...
Vehicle Length Estimation Using an LTE Transmitter Combined With a Software-Defined Receiver

Unobtrusive determination of an intruding vehicle's length is useful for threat assessments in perimeter surveillance, law enforcement, and antiterrorism applications. We describe a passive radar architecture wherein a broadcast signal from a cellular mobile communication system radio transmitter is bistatically scattered by a moving vehicle and received and processed in a software-defined radio platform. Measurement of the maximum Doppler frequency and the target viewing time combined with the known geometry of the measurement scenario permits the estimation of the target vehicle's length. Good agreement is observed between actual and estimated lengths for various vehicle types.
Catch them all: Impacts of location-based augmented reality mobile applications on local businesses

Abstract Mobile applications implemented with location-based and augmented reality (LBAR) technologies have become a new trend. They alter the app usage patterns, expand their mobility areas, and shape their daily lives. Consequently, local businesses may experience spillover effects in terms of store visits and online reputation. Anecdotal evidence is mixed regarding whether businesses gain from the LBAR apps. There is limited research on how the penetration of LBAR apps impacts local businesses and the potential economic value. To fill the gap in the research literature, we leverage a natural experiment involving the launch of an LBAR mobile app to examine its business impacts on the online reputation of nearby restaurants. We find that, in general, restaurants near the app portals do gain indirect benefits from the entry of the LBAR application in improving their online reputation. This spillover benefit of LBAR applications changes over time, and its internalization depends on the restaurant features, location, and the agglomeration of surrounding businesses. This paper provides useful theoretical and practical insights into the business impacts of LBAR technologies.
Environmental and Health Aspects of Glass Furnace Repairs

Concerne les particules respirables degagees durant les phases de reparation-demolition des fourneaux: les teneurs relevees depassent les normes d'expositon. Plan de protection du personnel et gestion des dechets contamines par le plomb et l'arsenic
Group vibrations: Part II. Methyl-d3 groups

Abstract The methods developed previously for the analysis of characteristic group frequencies are applied to an analysis of the CD3 group. It is found that this group exhibits five frequencies that are characteristic of the group. Effective CD3 group masses and force constants were computed such that a secular equation of reduced order can be derived by simple methods for calculating the noncharacteristic or framework frequencies of molecules containing CD3 groups. In addition, an empirical relation is given for estimating the frequencies of the symmetric CH3 and CD3 group frequencies in molecules.
Juvenile Detention: Another Boundary Issue for Physicians

It is estimated that there are 500,000 youngsters in detention in the United States per year. Detention facilities offer a unique environment in which adolescents at high risk for medical problems can be identified and treated. A health care program within the secure juvenile detention facility for New York is described in order to demonstrate how an academic medical center can effect improvement in the health status of underserved, incarcerated youth while meeting professional educational objectives for health trainees. Results of medical services are given for the past 11 years. Medical problems were diagnosed in 46% of the 47,288 adolescents examined. The conditions were grouped into those related to the legal status of the youngsters, socioeconomic background, and/or the institutional setting. The interrelationship of medical conditions with legal, ethical, and youth advocacy issues were demonstrated. The setting affords on opportunity to train primary care physicians with special emphasis on issues such as the nature of the doctor-patient relationship, confidentiality, and patient advocacy, while providing a necessary service to medically disadvantaged adolescents.
The effect of adhesive layer elasticity on the fracture mechanics of a blister test specimen

An analytical model of a blister type specimen for evaluating adhesive bond strength was developed. Plate theory with shear deformation was used to model the deformation of the plate, and elastic deformation of the adhesive layer is taken into account. It is shown that the inclusion of the elastic deformation of the adhesive layer can have a significant influence in the energy balance calculations of fracture mechanics.
Research Institute for the Study of Learning Disabilities (Columbia University)

The Bureau of Education for the Handicapped, through Title VI-G of PL 91–230 has funded five research institutes in learning disabilities. These institutes are to: a) conduct research on the nature and educational treatment of children with specific learning disabilities, b) work directly with client populations, and c) produce a set of responsible educational interventions. The reasearch institutes are located at the following universities: University of Illinois - Chicago, Columbia University - Teachers College, University of Kansas, University of Minnesota, and University of Virginia.During this first year of funding all institutes are involved in program planning and the refinement of their research missions. Programmatic research efforts will begin in the summer or fall of 1978 and will continue for as long as four years.The establishment of five major research institutes is a very significant step in the learning disability field. Historically, Title VI-G funds have focused primarily on the demonstr...
Working With Strainmeter Data

The Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO), the geodetic component of the U.S. National Science Foundation–funded Earthscope program, includes 75 borehole and 6 laser strainmeters (http://pbo.unavco.org). The strainmeters are installed at several locations: on the Cascadia forearc in Washington state and on Vancouver Island, Canada; in arrays of two to nine instruments along the North American–Pacific plate boundary in California; at Mount St. Helens; and in Yellowstone National Park. For deformation signals seconds to weeks in duration, strainmeters have a resolution and a signal-to-noise ratio superior to those of seismometers and GPS. However, this high sensitivity can introduce nontectonic signals into strain data, presenting data interpretation challenges, especially for borehole strainmeters.
Mice Transgenic for IL-1 Receptor Antagonist Protein Are Resistant to Herpetic Stromal Keratitis: Possible Role for IL-1 in Herpetic Stromal Keratitis Pathogenesis

Ocular infection with HSV may result in the blinding immunoinflammatory lesion stromal keratitis (SK). This represents a CD4+ T cell-mediated immunopathologic lesion in both humans and a mouse model. Early events in the pathogenesis that set the stage for SK are poorly understood. The present study evaluates the role of IL-1 using a transgenic mouse that overexpresses the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) protein. Such transgenic mice were markedly resistant to SK compared with IL-1ra(-/-) and C57BL/6 control animals. The resistance was shown to be the consequence of reduced expression of molecules such as IL-6, macrophage-inflammatory protein-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor, normally up-regulated directly or indirectly by IL-1. A critical event impaired in IL-1ra transgenic mice was vascular endothelial growth factor production with a consequent marked reduction in angiogenesis, an essential step in SK pathogenesis. Targeting IL-1 could prove to be a worthwhile therapeutic approach to control SK, an important cause of human blindness.
Penoscrotal plication as a uniform approach to reconstruction of penile curvature

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 OBJECTIVE To present our 4-year experience of using a minimally invasive technique, penoscrotal plication (PSP), as a uniform treatment for men with debilitating penile curvature resulting from Peyronie’s disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS In 48 men (median age 58.7 years) with penile curvature the penis was reconstructed by imbricating the tunica albuginea opposite the curvature with multiple nonabsorbable sutures. All patients, regardless of the degree or direction of curvature, were approached through a small penoscrotal incision made without degloving the penis. Detailed measurements of penile shaft angle and stretched penile length were recorded and analysed before and after reconstruction, and the numbers of sutures required for correction were documented. RESULTS Nearly all patients had dorsal and/or lateral deformities that were easily corrected via a ventral penoscrotal incision. The median (range) degree of correction was 28 (18–55)° and number of sutures used was 6 (4–17). Stretched penile length measurements before and after plication showed no significant difference. A single PSP procedure was successful in 45/48 (93%) patients; two were dissatisfied with the correction, one having repeat plication and the other a penile prosthesis; one other required a suture release for pain. CONCLUSIONS PSP is safe and effective and should be considered even for cases with severe or biplanar curvature.
Effects of silicon on osteoclast cell mediated degradation, in vivo osteogenesis and vasculogenesis of brushite cement

Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are being widely used for treating small scale bone defects. Among the various CPCs, brushite (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, DCPD) cement is widely used due to its superior solubility and ability to form a new bone. In the present study, we have studied the physical, mechanical, osteoclast-like-cell differentiation and in vivo osteogenic and vasculogenic properties of silicon (Si) doped brushite cements. The addition of Si did not alter the phase composition of the final product and regardless of the Si level, all samples included β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and DCPD. 1.1 wt% Si addition increased the compressive strength of undoped brushite cement from 4.78 ± 0.21 MPa to 5.53 ± 0.53 MPa, significantly. Cellular activity was studied using a receptor activator of nuclear factor κβ ligand (RANKL) supplemented osteoclast-like-cell precursor RAW 264.7 cells. Phenotypic expressions of the cells confirmed successful differentiation of RAW 264.7 monocytes to osteoclast-like-cells on undoped and doped brushite cements. An increased activity of osteoclast-like cells was noticed due to Si doping in the brushite cement. An excellent new bone formation was found in all cement compositions, with significant increase in Si doped brushite samples as early as 4 weeks post implantation in a rat femoral model. After 4 weeks of implantation, no significant difference was found in blood vessel formation between the undoped and doped cements, however, a significant increase in vasculogenesis was found in 0.8 and 1.1 wt% Si doped brushite cements after 8 weeks. These results show the influence of the Si dopant on the physical, mechanical, in vitro osteoclastogenesis and in vivo osteogenic and vasculogenic properties of brushite cements.
Incidence of Internal Mammary Lymph Nodes with Silicone Breast Implants at MR Imaging after Oncoplastic Surgery.

Internal mammary lymph nodes are commonly seen at implant-protocol breast MR imaging; the interpreting radiologist should be aware of this finding because the likelihood that it represents metastatic disease is extremely low, suggesting that imaging follow-up would be more appropriate than full oncologic work-up.
Prolongation of the QT Interval Related to Cisapride-Diltiazem Interaction

Cisapride, a cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrate, is widely prescribed for the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders. Prolongation of QT interval, torsades de pointes, and sudden cardiac death have been reported after concomitant administration with erythromycin or azole antifungal agents, but not with other CYP3A4 inhibitors. A possible drug interaction occurred in a 45-year-old woman who was taking cisapride for gastroesophageal reflux disorder and diltiazem, an agent that has inhibitory effect on CYP3A4, for hypertension. The patient was in near syncope and had QT-interval prolongation. After discontinuing cisapride, the QT interval returned to normal and symptoms did not recur. We suggest that caution be taken when cisapride is prescribed with any potent inhibitor of CYP3A4, including diltiazem.
Inverse problems for unilevel block α‐circulants

SUMMARY We consider the following inverse problems for the class of unilevel block α-circulants , where k > 1, C0, C1, …, , α ∈ {1,2, … ,k −1}, gcd(α,k) = 1, and ∥ ⋅ ∥ is the Frobenius norm. Problem 1 Find necessary and sufficient conditions on and for the existence of such that CZ = W, and find all such C if the conditions are satisfied. Problem 2 For arbitrary and , find characterize the class and find C in this class with minimum norm. Problem 3 If is given, find and find such that ∥ C −A ∥ = σα(Z,W,A). We also consider slightly modified problems for the case where gcd(α,k) > 1. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feynman Diagrams, Problem Spaces, and the Kuhnian Revolution to Come in Teacher Education

A blue-ribbon panel convened by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) concluded in 2010 that teacher education in the United States must be “turned upside down,” with practical experience at its center and academic content woven around the practical. It might seem that the new clinical model based on medical education, which has been adopted by eight states, would be well-aligned with a Deweyan inquiry-based pedagogy. Dewey himself recognized a paradox, however: preparation for the combination of rigor and flexibility needed for inquiry-based pedagogical skills absolutely requires immersion in clinical settings, even as immersion in the teaching environment that prevails in U.S. public schools systematically socializes new teachers to a very different set of skills than those needed for this model of effective pedagogy. Recent scholarship by Kuhnian scholars provides practical guidance for an alternative understanding of how changes in practice occur and may be transmitted to future generations.
High Speed InAs/AlSb and In0.53Ga0.47As/AlAs Resonant Tunneling Diodes

We report a comparison of InAs/AlSb and In0.53Ga0.47As/AlAs resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) for high speed switching applications. Theoretical simulations are performed for both heterostructure systems using a two band tunneling model, which includes the effects of strain and band bending. Experimental peak current densities are observed to agree well with the calculated values over the range 1×104 A/cm2 to 5× 105 A/cm2. In both types of structures, the maximum peak current density (directly related to switching speed) is determined by device heating. In this regard, InAs/AlSb RTDs are found to be slightly superior to In0.53Ga0.47As/AlAs RTDs due to the low contact and series resistances of InAs. However, higher peak-to-valley ratios and swing voltages are obtained in the In0.53Ga0.47As/AlAs devices up to their maximum attainable peak current density (3.1×105 A/cm2 in this study). Both heterostructure systems yield RTDs with estimated switching times near 1 ps.
Processing of Laminated Barium Titanate Structures for Stress‐Sensing Applications

High-purity, chemically prepared barium titanate was doped with 0.3 at% lanthanum and, in some cases, counter-doped with 0.04 at% manganese by precipitation. Using standard techniques, tape-cast sheets of the positive temperature coefficient of resistance (PTCR) compositions as well as the base insulating powder were made. A multilayer sensor was laminated and sintered, with upper and lower PTCR regions separated by an insulating BaTiO 3 region. The sensor was loaded using a four-point bend test configuration. The change in resistivity with increased load was observed to be linear, with positive and negative piezoresistive coefficients for the PTCR layers under compression and tension, respectively. These trends were in general agreement with a stress-dependent permittivity and the Heywang model of grain-boundary potential barriers. Piezoresistivity values were derived from the resistivity-stress slope; these were examined as a function of temperature and sensor geometry.
Response of the Joint Ocean-Atmosphere Model to the Seasonal Variation of the Solar Radiation

Abstract The effect of the seasonal variation of solar radiation is incorporated into the joint ocean-atmosphere model developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the resulting system is integrated for the 11/2-yr model time. The purpose of this study is to analyze the response of the joint air-sea model to seasonal changes in the solar zenith angle rather than to obtain a true equilibrium state. Comparisons are also made with results previously presented for the case of annual mean conditions. The most important feature that emerges as a direct result of this seasonal variation is a significant warming of the lower troposphere in high latitudes. This warming is found to be caused by (1) the removal of the snowpack during the summer season, which decreases the earth's albedo there during this time, and (2) a net rise in the temperature of the ocean surface in high latitudes as a result of the seasonal variation of convective activity i...
Dissociative electron attachment to the hydrogen-bound OH in water dimer through the lowest anionic Feshbach resonance.

The lowest energy Feshbach resonance state of the water dimer anion is computationally studied as the hydrogen-bonded OH moiety is stretched from its equilibrium position toward the hydrogen bond acceptor. The purpose is to treat a simple model system to gain insight into how hydrogen bonding may affect dissociative electron attachment to water in condensed phases. In the case of a water monomer anion, the analogous potential surface is known to be repulsive, leading directly to dissociation of H−. In contrast, in the dimer anion, a barrier is found to dissociation of the hydrogen-bonded OH moiety such that the migrating hydrogen can be held near the Franck-Condon region in a quasibound vibrational state for a time long compared to the OH vibrational period. This behavior is found both for the case of an icelike dimer structure and for a substantial majority of liquidlike dimer structures. These findings raise the possibility that due to effects of hydrogen bonding, a molecule-centered anionic entity that...
Anti-Sm autoantibodies in MRL mice: Analysis of precursor frequency

Abstract Individual MRL- lpr mice vary in their capacity to generate anti-Sm autoantibodies spontaneously. We have compared the frequency of B-cell precursors for this autoantibody in serologically negative and serologically positive MRL- lpr mice, and in normals. Anti-Sm precursors were present in a frequency of approximately 1 per 10–30,000 in spleen cell cultures from anti-Sm positive mice, but were undetectable when spleen cells from serologically negative MRL- lpr mice or from normal mice were examined. Despite LPS stimulation, neither IgM nor IgG precursors could be detected. In parallel cultures, in contrast, anti-DNA autoantibody precursors were readily detected. The results thus indicate that, for the lupus-specific autoantibodies, the absence of antibody in autoimmune mice reflects a deficit in precursor B lymphocytes rather than an active regulatory mechanism. It is suggested that the generation of anti-Sm may reflect a low-probability random event in the generation of B-cell diversity.
Mens sana in corpore sano.

Larson and colleagues provide important evidence that more physical exercise is associated with lower rates of dementia, adding significantly to several other recent studies on the association betw...