cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Display Simulation Toolbox for Image Quality Evaluation

The output of image coding and rendering algorithms are presented on a diverse array of display devices. To evaluate these algorithms, image quality metrics should include more information about the spatial and chromatic properties of displays. To understand how to best incorporate such display information, we need a computational and empirical framework to characterize displays. Here we describe a set of principles and an integrated suite of software tools that provide such a framework. The display simulation toolbox (DST) is an integrated suite of software tools that help the user characterize the key properties of display devices and predict the radiance of displayed images. Assuming that pixel emissions are independent, the DST uses the sub-pixel point spread functions, spectral power distributions, and gamma curves to calculate display image radiance. We tested the assumption of pixel independence for two liquid crystal device (LCD) displays and two cathode-ray tube (CRT) displays. For the LCD displays, the independence assumption is reasonably accurate. For the CRT displays it is not. The simulations and measurements agree well for displays that meet the model assumptions and provide information about the nature of the failures for displays that do not meet these assumptions.
MONITORING STRUCTURAL HEALTH USING A PROBABILISTIC MEASURE

A Bayesian probabilistic methodology for structural health monitoring is presented. The method uses a sequence of identified modal parameter data sets to continually compute the probability of damage. In this approach, a high likelihood of a reduction in model stiffness at a location is taken as a proxy for damage at the corresponding structural location. The concept extends the idea of using as indicators of damage the changes in model parameters identified using a linear finite-element model and modal parameter data sets from the structure in undamaged and possibly damaged states. This extension is needed because of uncertainties in the updated model parameters that in practice obscure health assessment. These uncertainties arise due to effects such as variation in the identified modal parameters in the absence of damage, as well as unavoidable model error. The method is illustrated by simulating on-line monitoring, wherein specified modal parameters are identified on a regular basis and the probability of damage for each substructure is continually updated. Examples are given for abrupt onset of damage and progressive deterioration.
Compressive response of notched glass-fiber epoxy/honeycomb sandwich panels

Abstract The quasi-static uniaxial compressive response of E-glass/epoxy-Nomex™ sandwich panels containing circular through-holes was studied experimentally. Specimens with four and eight-harness satin weave fabric face-sheets were tested. In both materials the principal failure mechanism consisted of linear damage zones (LDZs) emanating from the hole edge. LDZs are macroscopically similar to fiber-bridged cracks in tension, and propagated in a stable manner. Cross-sectioning indicated that the LDZ wake was characterized by fiber-kinking in all warp tows, and weft tow cracking. Strain gauges were used to measure local deformation as the LDZ propagated across the width of the specimen; a strain-softening behavior was observed in the LDZ wake. A damage zone model (DZM) was applied in order to determine its validity and mechanistic basis. This was assessed by examining its ability to predict three experimentally observed phenomena: the notched strength, local strain distribution, and LDZ growth characteristics. Two models were created in order to interrogate the DZM. The damage growth model was used to determine the ability of the DZM to predict the LDZ growth behavior and notched strength. A finite element model was implemented to predict the local strain distribution. In both cases discrete nonlinear springs acting in the wake of an equivalent crack were used to model the LDZ. This approach provided a good correlation with whichever set of measurements was used to calibrate it. Extension of the model to the other phenomena resulted in weaker correlations with the data, suggesting that further work is required to develop a true mechanism-based model.
The Computer-Email-Web (CEW) Fluency Scale-Development and Validation

The purpose of this research was to develop an instrument to assess people's fluency with the computer, e-mail, and the Web (CEW fluency). Such an instrument, tapping into digital divides, could fill the existing void that exists between previously developed computer literacy or experience scales and the ever faster development of Internet technology. The research was conducted in 2 stages. The first study (N = 284) tested 52 Internet fluency items. A principle component factor analysis with varimax rotation resulted in 21 remaining items in 4 constructs: computer fluency (α = .85), e-mail fluency (α = .89), Web navigation (α = .84), and Web editing (α = .82). The 4-factor solution accounted for more than 67% of the total variance. Correlation analysis showed that there was no multicolinearity of items. The second study (N = 143) aimed at testing the CEW Fluency Scale for reliability and validity. Participants completed a 77-item questionnaire containing the CEW Fluency Scale, the Computer Use Scale (Pane...
Lameness Associated with Coxofemoral Soft Tissue Masses in Six Dogs

Six cases of mechanical lameness involving the coxofemoral joint are presented. All dogs had a history of chronic rear leg pain and lameness, and decreased range of motion of the hip. On physical examination, ventral subluxation of the coxofemoral joint during extension was present in three dogs. A radiographic diagnosis of subluxation was made in five dogs. In each dog, surgical exploration of the area caudal to the coxofemoral joint revealed a fibrous mass between the lesser or third trochanters and the ischium, diagnosed as a nonneoplastic fibrous reaction by microscopic examination. The clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic signs were similar to previously described cases of myositis ossificans. Five dogs returned to normal function after excision of the soft tissue mass, and one dog was normal when lost to follow-up 4 weeks postoperatively.
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: Role of Toxicologic Pathologists for an Emerging Medical Technology

Tissue Engineering Regenerative Medical (TERM) products are a new technology currently in human clinical testing for a variety of unmet medical needs involving tissue and organ dysfunction and failure. Safety evaluation of TERM products overlaps 3 established product paradigms: pharmaceuticals (biologically active substances), transplantation (cells or tissue), and devices (biomaterials). As TERM products recapitulate organ or tissue structure and function with unique biological activity and characteristics, they require new preclinical paradigms to bring TERM products through to clinical trials. Establishing TERM-product safety programs requires broad-based knowledge of tissue and organ homeostasis, regenerative biology, and translational medicine to design new preclinical paradigms. Therefore, toxicologic pathologists have a compelling scientific role in evaluating TERM products, characterizing tissue responses, and helping distinguish optimal (regeneration) from deficient or incomplete outcomes indicative of substandard functionality (repair). As new-tissue engineering and regenerative medical technologies develop for tissue and organ regeneration, the toxicologic pathologist will be asked to develop novel testing, reevaluate established toxicologic diagnostic criteria, and reinterpret tissue responses that may extend beyond current standards.
Baryon momentum effects in resonance dominated strangeness changing nuclear reactions

Abstract Explicit inclusion of the baryon momentum operator in the input t K − N → Λπ amplitude in impulse approximation calculations of (K − , π − ) reactions results in significant (angular dependent) reductions compared to earlier results. Agreement between theory and experiment is improved.
Novel non-active site inhibitor of Cryptosporidium hominis TS-DHFR identified by a virtual screen

The essential enzyme thymidylate synthase-dihydrofolate reductase (TS-DHFR) is a validated drug target for many pathogens, but has been elusive in Cryptosporidium hominis, as active site inhibitors of the enzymes from related parasitic protozoa show decreased potency and lack of species specificity over the human enzymes. As a rational approach to discover novel inhibitors, we conducted a virtual screen of a non-active site pocket in the DHFR linker region. From this screen, we have identified and characterized a noncompetitive inhibitor, flavin mononucleotide (FMN), with micromolar potency that is selective for ChTS-DHFR versus the human enzymes. These results describe a novel allosteric pocket amenable to inhibitor targeting, and a lead compound with which to move towards potent, selective inhibitors of ChTS-DHFR.
Some Types of Nonsymmetric Homogeneous Domains

Current research in the classification theory of bounded homogeneous domains is mainly concerned with Siegel domains. Pyateckii-Shapiro gave the first example of nonsymmetric bounded homogeneous domains in 1959. Based on that, he introduced the concept of Siegel domains, and proved the following fundamental result [3]: any bounded homogeneous domain is analytically equivalent to an affine homogeneous Siegel domain of the first or second kind. Up to now, the research on Siegel domains has yielded many results. But these works are mainly on the algebraic constructions of automorphism groups of the Siegel domains; the results on properties of geometry and function theory are not numerous.
Health, Masculinity and Smokeless Tobacco Use Among College-Aged Men

Existing work on smokeless tobacco (SLT) often focuses on correlates and predictors of use, ignoring the social and cultural context surrounding initiation and continued use of SLT products. The current study takes a qualitative approach using guided focus groups to examine this unexplored context. The findings show that male SLT users gain social rewards from dipping with other men, and usage is initiated and continued in spite of known potential health consequences. For the men participating in this study SLT use was primarily initiated at social or athletic events with the encouragement of other men and continued for relational maintenance and bonding. Additionally, the men reported that the social rewards received from using SLT far outweighed any potential health consequences or negative social repercussions they might also experience. Implications for future research and health interventions targeting SLT use are discussed.
SCALING AND EXTRAPOLATING SMALL-SCALE IN-FLOW WIND TUNNEL JET NOISE TO FULL-SCALE FLYOVER JET NOISE

In the development of noise suppressor nozzles and other aircraft systems, it is often cost effective and appropriate to build and test small-scale prototype systems instead of expensive full-scale systems. The difficulty with this approach lies in the interpretation of the scale model data in terms of quantities that would be produced by an actual fullscale nozzle. This paper will discuss a procedure for predicting the full-scale flyover noise of jet nozzles/suppressors from in-flow acoustic wind tunnel measurements of small-scale nozzle/suppressor models. Before data manipulations are considered, requirements for the set-up of the small-scale experiment are reviewed. The data manipulations are then discussed in four parts: removal of test day and test set-up effects, scaling to full scale, extrapolation to simulation distance, and flight simulation.
GABA, Not Glutamate, a Primary Transmitter Driving Action Potentials in Developing Hypothalamic Neurons

Neuronal activity is critical for many aspects of brain development. It has often been assumed that the primary excitatory transmitter driving this activity is glutamate. In contrast, we report tha...
Active Site Threonine Facilitates Proton Transfer during Dioxygen Activation at the Diiron Center of Toluene/o-Xylene Monooxygenase Hydroxylase

Toluene/o-xylene monooxygenase hydroxylase (ToMOH), a diiron-containing enzyme, can activate dioxygen to oxidize aromatic substrates. To elucidate the role of a strictly conserved T201 residue during dioxygen activation of the enzyme, T201S, T201G, T201C, and T201V variants of ToMOH were prepared by site-directed mutagenesis. X-ray crystal structures of all the variants were obtained. Steady-state activity, regiospecificity, and single-turnover yields were also determined for the T201 mutants. Dioxygen activation by the reduced T201 variants was explored by stopped-flow UV-vis and Mossbauer spectroscopy. These studies demonstrate that the dioxygen activation mechanism is preserved in all T201 variants; however, both the formation and decay kinetics of a peroxodiiron(III) intermediate, T201peroxo, were greatly altered, revealing that T201 is critically involved in dioxygen activation. A comparison of the kinetics of O2 activation in the T201S, T201C, and T201G variants under various reaction conditions revealed that T201 plays a major role in proton transfer, which is required to generate the peroxodiiron(III) intermediate. A mechanism is postulated for dioxygen activation and possible structures of oxygenated intermediates are discussed.
Synthesization of Edge Noises for Touch Probe and Laser Sensor Measurement

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the spatial distribution of measurement noise at sharp edges. A local cylindrical coordinate system is used to decompose the measurement noise at sharp edges into to two components, magnitude and angle. The spatial distributions of these two components are analyzed at sharp edges for both touch probe and laser sensor. A new concept, statistical binary tree, is proposed for representing the spatial noise distribution on a sharp edge, and a synthesis simulator is proposed for accurate reproduction of measurement noise at sharp edges.
Spin transport in n-type single-layer transition metal dichalcogenides

Valley asymmetry of the electron spectrum in transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) originates from the spin-orbit coupling. Presence of spin-orbit fields of opposite signs for electrons in $K$ and ${K}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ valleys in combination with possibility of intervalley scattering result in a nontrivial spin dynamics. This dynamics is reflected in the dependence of nonlocal resistance on external magnetic field (the Hanle curve). We calculate theoretically the Hanle shape in TMDs. It appears that, unlike conventional materials without valley asymmetry, the Hanle shape in TMDs is different for normal and parallel orientations of the external field. For normal orientation, it has two peaks for slow intervalley scattering, while for fast intervalley scattering, the shape is usual. For parallel orientation, the Hanle curve exhibits a cusp at zero field. This cusp is a signature of a slow-decaying valley-asymmetric mode of the spin dynamics.
Alternative Knowledges and the Future of Community Psychology: Provocations from an American Indian Healing Tradition

In the early years of this globalized century, alternative health knowledges and wellness traditions circulate faster and farther than ever before. To the degree that community psychologists seek collaboration with cultural minority and other marginalized populations in support of their collective wellbeing, such knowledges and traditions are likely to warrant attention, engagement, and support. My purpose in this article is to trace an epistemological quandary that community psychologists are ideally poised to consider at the interface of hegemonic and subjugated knowing with respect to advances in community wellbeing. To this end, I describe an American Indian knowledge tradition, its association with specific indigenous healing practices, its differentiation from therapeutic knowledge within disciplinary psychology, and the broader challenge posed by alternative health knowledges for community psychologists.
Abstract 381: IL-19 Inhibits Atherosclerosis in LDLR-/- Mice by Modulating Cholesterol Uptake in Macrophages and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

IL-19 is a recently described, putative anti-inflammatory cytokine which had previously been ascribed to be leukocyte specific. IL-19 is not detected in normal artery, but we detected IL-19 in multiple cell types in human atherosclerotic plaque suggesting a role for this interleukin in atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether administration of exogenous IL-19 could attenuate development of pre-formed atherosclerotic plaque, and to identify potential molecular mechanisms. LDLR-/- mice were fed high-fat diet for 12 weeks and then administered with 10ng/g/day IL-19 or PBS for an additional 8 weeks. En face analysis demonstrated that IL-19 could halt, but not reverse existing plaque (26.7+/-1.7%, 41.03+/-3.1%, 23.70+/-2.6% for baseline, PBS control, and IL-19-treated mice). Foam cell formation by macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is a hallmark event during atherosclerosis. Nothing has been reported regarding IL-19 effects on macrophage or VSMC lipid uptake; we therefore investigated whether IL-19 affects macrophage and VSMC cholesterol handling. Addition of IL-19 to wild-type bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) significantly promoted oxLDL uptake, conversely, BMDM from IL-19-/- mice had significantly less oxLDL uptake compared to wild-type BMDM. Addition of IL-19 to wild type BMDM significantly increased expression of scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1), and decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-12b, MCP1. Interestingly, converse results were obtained with VSMC, as addition of IL-19 to wild-type VSMC decreased uptake of oxLDL ( p<0.05 ) and decreased expression of scavenger receptor CD36. VSMC isolated from IL-19-/- mice had increased uptake of oxLDL (p<0.0001). It is reported that M2 macrophages participate in plaque regression. IL-19 decreased IL-12b and significantly promoted the polarization of anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype in BMDM as evidenced by the increased expression of YM1 and IL-10 mRNA. These data demonstrate that IL-19 can inhibit progression of existing atherosclerotic plaque by modulating lipid metabolism in VSMC and macrophages and by promoting macrophage differentiation into an alternative, anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype.
Examining Scaling Laws: Bivariate Descriptions of Urban Layouts

Using bivariate regression models, this chapter presents studies on scaling laws—rank-size distributions and allometric relations—in the geometric measures of urban layout maps. Before presenting these studies, I define the statistical methods used, introduce the concept of scaling and its mathematical expressions, and discuss previous studies on scaling in biology and cities to provide context.
High Electricity Demand in the Northeast U.S.: PJM Reliability Network and Peaking Unit Impacts on Air Quality.

On high electricity demand days, when air quality is often poor, regional transmission organizations (RTOs), such as PJM Interconnection, ensure reliability of the grid by employing peak-use electric generating units (EGUs). These “peaking units” are exempt from some federal and state air quality rules. We identify RTO assignment and peaking unit classification for EGUs in the Eastern U.S. and estimate air quality for four emission scenarios with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model during the July 2006 heat wave. Further, we population-weight ambient values as a surrogate for potential population exposure. Emissions from electricity reliability networks negatively impact air quality in their own region and in neighboring geographic areas. Monitored and controlled PJM peaking units are generally located in economically depressed areas and can contribute up to 87% of hourly maximum PM2.5 mass locally. Potential population exposure to peaking unit PM2.5 mass is highest in the model domain’s mos...
HIV-1-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

Characterization of the host immune response to HIV-1 infection is central to issues regarding viral pathogenesis and vaccine development. Although HIV-1 infection is generally associated with immune suppression, a very vigorous cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response has been detected in infected individuals [1,2]. Surprisingly, the magnitude of this response in most infected individuals is such that CTL activity can be detected using freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). With this methodology, CTL responses to HIV-1 envelope, gag, reverse transcriptase (RT), nef and vif proteins have been detected, and these responses have generally been MHC Class I-restricted [1-8].
Of 'Scalpels' and 'Sledgehammers': Religious Liberty and the Policing of Muslim Charities in Britain and America Since 9/11

Several commentators have remarked that, since 9/11, Muslim charities have met with a softer and more flexible hand in the United Kingdom and continental Europe than in the United States. The American federal government has resorted to "sledgehammer" - style tools - wholesale freezing of assets, designation of entire entities as terrorist organizations, and aggressive criminal prosecutions - in its efforts to police Islamic philanthropy. By contrast, the Charity Commission in Britain has employed "scalpel" - like measures, such as the removal of individual trustees or temporary transfer of a charity’s management, that have generally spared British Muslim charities from American-style criminalization. The continental European states, for their part, have tended to gravitate more closely to the British than the American pole of this comparative dichotomy. The sweeping assertion of executive branch authority during the Bush administration only partly explains this difference. Contrasting traditions of religious liberty are also at stake. A First Amendment culture of “non-entanglement” has historically kept the federal government out of the business of administering religious institutions. In the U.K. and continental Europe, albeit to differing degrees, traditions of state involvement in religious institutions and functions (including the classic Christian function of providing charity) have permitted a more targeted and nuanced approach to the regulation of Muslim charities. Lacking the administrative and legal tools descended from those traditions, American policymakers have resorted to criminalization and its accessories as a path of first, rather than last, resort.
Surgical Unroofing of Hemodynamically Significant Left Anterior Descending Myocardial Bridges.

Background Left anterior descending artery myocardial bridges (MBs) range from clinically insignificant incidental angiographic findings to a potential cause of sudden cardiac death. Within this spectrum, a group of patients with isolated, symptomatic, and hemodynamically significant MBs despite maximally tolerated medical therapy exist for whom the optimal treatment is controversial. We evaluated supraarterial myotomy, or surgical unroofing, of the left anterior descending MBs as an isolated procedure in these patients. Methods In 50 adult patients, we prospectively evaluated baseline clinical characteristics, risk factors, and medications for coronary artery disease, relevant diagnostic data (stress echocardiography, computed tomography angiography, stress coronary angiogram with dobutamine challenge for measurement of diastolic fractional flow reserve, and intravascular ultrasonography), and anginal symptoms using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire. These patients then underwent surgical unroofing of their left anterior descending artery MBs followed by readministration of the Seattle Angina Questionnaire at 6.6-month (range, 2 to 13) follow-up after surgery. Results Dramatic improvements were noted in physical limitation due to angina (52.0 versus 87.1, p Conclusions Surgical unroofing of carefully selected patients with MBs can be performed safely as an independent procedure with significant improvement in symptoms postoperatively. It is the optimal treatment for isolated, symptomatic, and hemodynamically significant MBs resistant to maximally tolerated medical therapy.
Free Radicals in Andrology

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive oxidizing agents that, at physiologic levels, play an essential role in the health and well-being of aerobic organisms. When supraphysiological levels of ROS are produced or when the cells’ antioxidant defense mechanisms fail, a state of oxidative stress (OS) ensues. Immature sperm cells and leukocytes are the principal sources of ROS in seminal fluid. OS has been recognized as an important factor in the pathophysiology of male infertility as it can enhance sperm apoptosis, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and DNA fragmentation. Several assays that can directly or indirectly measure the amount of ROS in seminal fluid have been developed and should be considered during male fertility assessment. Once detected, OS should be properly managed through lifestyle modification, elimination of potential sources of ROS production, and oral antioxidant supplementation.
Fundamentals of the Economic Role of Government

(1991). Fundamentals of the Economic Role of Government. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 239-241.
Distinct physiological effects of β1- and β2-adrenoceptors in mouse ventricular myocytes: insights from a compartmentalized mathematical model.

The β1- and β2-adrenergic signaling systems play different roles in the functioning of cardiac cells. Experimental data show that the activation of the β1-adrenergic signaling system produces signi...
Analysis of Transforming Growth Factor Receptor Type II in Patients with Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia (AMM).

Abstract We previously reported that blood TIMP-1 (Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase), OPG (Osteoprotegerin), and TPO (Thrombopoietin) levels are increased and blood MMP-3, and bone marrow SDF-1 levels are decreased in patients with AMM. Enhanced TGF-s 1 activity with Transforming Growth Factor Receptor Type II (TGF s RII) abnormalities is likely to be associated with these findings. It has been previously reported that TGF-s RII levels are decreased in AMM patients. The current study was undertaken to explore the defects in the TGF-s1 pathway in this disease. We cloned and sequenced the full length TGF s RII cDNA from AMM patients and no mutations were detected on sequencing. We then determined the expression levels of TGF s RII in the CD34+ progenitor cells by Real-Time RT-PCR and found it to be reduced in patients with AMM compared to normal volunteer CD34+ cells used as controls. Hence we cloned the promoter region of TGF s RII (−1233 to +50) from the genomic DNA of Peripheral Blood Monocytes by PCR, using gene specific primers. On sequencing, no mutations were detected in the promoter regions. The same promoter region when cloned upstream of a luciferase gene, drove the transcription of the reporter gene similar to the levels observed with the promoter from controls. This augmented the absence of any structural abnormalities in the region of the TGF b RII promoter. We then analyzed the methylation status of TGF s RII promoter using the technique, Sodium Bisulfite-PCR for Sequencing. Genomic DNA was modified using Sodium Bisulfite and the TGF s RII promoter was amplified by PCR with Primers capable of amplifying both unmethylated and methylated DNA. The modified PCR products were cloned into TOPO TA sequencing vector from Invitrogen, CA and sequenced. The sequencing results revealed absence of any CpG hyper-methylation in the promoter region of TGF s RII. To account for reduced TGF s RII expression in the absence of coding region abnormalities, promoter abnormalities or hypermethylation, we determined Histone Deacetylase Activity HDAC activity in the CD34+ cells of AMM patients. There was an indirect correlation between HDAC activity and TGF s RII mRNA levels implying HDAC mediated silencing of the TGF s RII promoter in AMM patients.
Abstract 75: Cardiomyocyte-specific Conditional Deletion of GSK-3β Leads to Global Metabolic Defects and Cardiac Dysfunction in a HFD Induced Obesity Model

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disease, resulting in enhanced morbidity and mortality. Indeed, the primary cause of mortality in patients with diabetes is cardiovascular disease, accounting for 50-80% of deaths. Numerous studies have implicated GSK-3β in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. However, these studies are primarily relies on non-isoform specific inhibitors. We and others have reported not only isoform-specific functions of GSK-3 but also their distinct roles in various tissues. At present, all available inhibitors of GSK-3 are non-isoform-specific; therefore it’s impossible to assess the isoform-specific functions by employing these agents. The primary goal of present study was to determine the role of cardiac GSK-3β in obesity-induced metabolic perturbations and cardiac dysfunction. An oral glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed on cardiomyocyte-specific GSK-3β KO (GSK-3β KO) and controls. At baseline, GSK-3β KO and controls displays a comparable lean mass, fat mass and oral glucose tolerance. To determine the functional role of cardiac GSK-3β in obesity-induced glucose intolerance, GSK-3β KO and controls were subjected to HFD for 24 wks and an oral GTT assay was performed on fasting mice (6h). The hyperglycemic response was significantly increased in the obese GSK-3β KO mice in comparison to obese WT mice. Importantly, body weight and food consumption were comparable between groups confirming that observed glucose intolerance in GSK-3β KO were not confounded by variable body mass composition. Furthermore, HFD leads to accelerated cardiac dysfunction in GSK-3β KO hearts compared to controls as reflected by significantly reduced ejection fraction (EF) and functional shortening. In summary, these data suggest that cardiac-specific deletion of GSK-3β lead to systemic glucose intolerance and cardiac dysfunction. These findings suggest that cardiac GSK-3β is required for the maintenance of global metabolic homeostasis and cardiac function in diabetic hearts and strategies to maintain GSK-3β activity may lead to therapeutic benefits for the disease.
Investigation of Biomimetic Adaptive Mechanisms for Hybrid Power Plant Control

In this paper, biologically inspired adaptive control mechanisms are investigated for highly integrated, complex energy plants. The adaptive mechanisms are designed to augment the performance and robustness of baseline control laws under normal and abnormal operating conditions. Novel artificial neural network-based and artificial immune system-based approaches are developed and investigated for an advanced power plant through linear model simulation. Abnormal conditions are simulated by altering the parameters of the transfer functions (gains, delays, and time constants). The performance metrics used to analyze the different control solutions include integral and mean of absolute value of tracking error and overshoot. Comparative results demonstrate the promising capability of the biomimetic adaptive mechanisms to increase robustness of baseline control laws under plant abnormalities. The proposed approach creates premises for the development of comprehensive technologies for complex power plant control with high performance within nominal and outside design boundaries.
Computing research in the academy: insights from theses and dissertations

Computational technologies have become increasingly pervasive in recent decades. Computing research in academia has commensurately seen dramatic increases, both in computing-specific research and research using computing. This article maps out the academic computing landscape by examining the connections between computing-related keywords used to describe theses and dissertations. Specifically, data from 29,435 dissertations and theses found in the ProQuest Theses and Dissertation database in the years 2009–2014 were analyzed. Results identify interdisciplinary clusters, as well as identify key differences in connections between the four computing disciplines in the database: computer science (CS), computer engineering (CE), information technology (IT), and information science (ISci). For example, authors who primarily identify with CS rarely list secondary keywords, while authors from a high variety of other disciplines list CS as a secondary keyword. CE is tightly focused and growing, but rarely seen as a relevant secondary keyword by other fields. Meanwhile, the highly interdisciplinary nature of IT and ISci is shown, along with different subgroups within those areas. While the total number of unique theses with computing-related keywords has remained steady, they have shifted dramatically between specific computing fields (e.g., away from CS toward CE and IT). Visualizations present information on the growth and change in focus of computing-related theses and dissertations, as well as networks of keywords that co-occur. We discuss potential explanations of the patterns, as well as their implications on the future of graduate work in computing disciplines.
Consumers’ food safety risk perceptions and willingness to pay for fresh-cut produce with lower risk of foodborne illness

Abstract There has been an increasing number of foodborne illness outbreaks associated with fresh and fresh-cut produce recently; however, few studies have examined consumers' risk perceptions and their willingness to pay (WTP) for fresh-cut produce with lower foodborne illness risk (FBIR). Hence, the objectives of this study were to examine how consumers perceived different food safety risk factors associated with fresh-cut produce and explore the factors associated with consumers' WTP for the fresh-cut produce with lower FBIR. The results showed that consumers' risk perception of foodborne pathogens was significantly lower than that of pesticides, which was mainly because consumers with optimistic bias perceived a very low probability of the occurrence of foodborne illness related to fresh-cut produce. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that millennial and female consumers had higher risk perceptions compared to other demographic groups. In addition, the WTP data demonstrated that the majority of consumers were willing to pay a premium for fresh-cut produce with lower FBIR. Millennial consumers with high-risk perceptions of pathogens and high fresh-cut produce purchasing frequency were more willing to pay a premium. The results provide useful information for fresh-cut produce processors to make decisions on enhancing the compliance of food safety practices. In addition, the results suggest that food safety regulatory agencies that develop public education materials should include information to reduce consumers' optimistic bias and enhance consumers' awareness of the risks associated with foodborne pathogens related to fresh-cut produce.
Green on What Side of the Fence? Librarian Perceptions of Accepted Author Manuscripts

INTRODUCTION There is a growing body of accepted author manuscripts (AAMs) in national, professional, and institutional repositories. This study seeks to explore librarian attitudes about AAMs and in what contexts they should be recommended. Particular attention is paid to differences between the attitudes of librarians whose primary job responsibilities are within the field of scholarly communications as opposed to the rest of the profession. METHODS An Internet survey was sent to nine different professional listservs, asking for voluntary anonymous participation. RESULTS This study finds that AAMs are considered an acceptable source by many librarians, with scholarly communications librarians more willing to recommend AAMs in higher-stakes contexts such as health care and dissertation research. DISCUSSION Librarian AAM attitudes are discussed, with suggestions for future research and implications for librarians.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids in heart failure: should we give more and give earlier?

There is an emerging paradox that confronts the care for patients with heart failure. On the one hand is the well-chronicled, woeful underutilization of evidence-based, guideline-supported therapies ([1][1]). On the other hand is the growing recognition that a monolithic approach to this very
Prevalence and side effects of pediatric home tube feeding.

Summary Background & aims Tube feeding ensures growth, but can have negative effects on health and psychosocial functioning, resulting in health related costs. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of pediatric home tube feeding in the Netherlands and to assess the clinical characteristics of tube fed children and side effects of tube feeding. Methods The prevalence of pediatric home tube feeding was calculated using data (2010–2014) of both the Medicines and Devices Information Project of the National Health Care Institute, and Statistics Netherlands. Subsequently, a cross-sectional parental online questionnaire was used to obtain data regarding clinical characteristics of tube fed children and side effects of tube feeding. Children aged ≤17 years receiving tube feeding ≥2 weeks were included. Results The prevalence of pediatric home tube feeding was 83–92:100,000 children/year. Parents of 279 children (53% boys) completed the questionnaire. Most children (88%) had ≥1 medical diagnosis, of which congenital abnormalities (42%), perinatal problems (38%) and neurologic diseases (16%) were most common. They had gastrostomy (60%), nasogastric (33%), or other tube types (7%). Parents of most children (74%) mentioned ≥1 side effect due to tube feeding. Vomiting (37%), lack of appetite (29%), and gagging (29%) were reported most frequently. Nasogastric tube placement resolved in negative experiences (94%). Conclusions The prevalence of pediatric home tube feeding varies between 83 and 92:100,000 children/year in the Netherlands. These children are characterized by various underlying medical diagnoses. Side effects of tube feeding are frequently reported by parents. Further studies should focus on methods reducing side effects.
Leveraging science teachers' identities to support meaningful and actionable professional learning

This review explores Lucy Avraamidou’s “Stories we live, identities we build: how are elementary teachers’ science identities shaped by their lived experiences?” which is a multiple case study of the lived experiences of four beginning elementary teachers and the influence of these experiences on their identities as teachers of science. The strength of Avraamidou’s work lies in the way she characterizes participants’ experiences in terms of Figured Worlds. Her work elucidates the multiple, complex influences of personal and professional experiences on professional identity. I extend this conversation by arguing for professional learning that attends to identity work throughout the professional lives of science teachers so as to support professional growth and sustainable change to classroom practice. In this essay, I provide a set of recommendations for professional learning, which includes elucidating the multiple identities that comprise teachers’ professional identities, leveraging knowledge of teachers’ professional identities in professional learning, and blurring the boundaries between public–private and individual-collective forms of professional knowledge that influence teachers’ professional identities.
Formal Modeling and Verification of CloudProxy

Services running in the cloud face threats from several parties, including malicious clients, administrators, and external attackers. CloudProxy is a recently-proposed framework for secure deployment of cloud applications. In this work, we present the first formal model of CloudProxy, including a formal specification of desired security properties. We model CloudProxy as a transition system in the UCLID modeling language, using term-level abstraction. Our formal specification includes both safety and non-interference properties. We use induction to prove these properties, employing a back-end SMT-based verification engine. Further, we structure our proof as an “assurance case”, showing how we decompose the proof into various lemmas, and listing all assumptions and axioms employed. We also perform some limited model validation to gain assurance that the formal model correctly captures behaviors of the implementation.
E-004 Comparison of treatment outcomes for ruptured and unruptured anterior cerebral artery aneurysms: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction/purpose Neuroendovascular therapies are increasingly used in treatment of cerebral aneurysms. However, data is sparse on outcomes of various treatment strategies for anterior cerebral artery (ACA) territory. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare outcomes of treatment strategies for ruptured or unruptured ACA aneurysms from prior high quality published data. Materials and methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane from January 2000 until January 2018. High quality studies were included that had reported initial morbidity indices, occlusion rates, late follow up data, and operative complications (ischemic, hemorrhagic, retreatment rate) for endovascular coiling vs pipeline flow-diversion vs neurosurgical clipping separately reported for ruptured and unruptured aneurysms of ACA territory. Random-effect or fixed-effect models were used to pool estimates across studies using R software. Results Overall, 1230 ACA aneurysms from 22 studies including 910 (775 ruptured) coiling, 105 pipeline (All unruptured) and 140 clipping (130 ruptured) treatments were identified using a systematic method. For ruptured ACA aneurysms treated with coiling, occlusion rates were 0.86 (0.84–0.89) and 0.85 (0.72–0.93) in immediate and late assessment respectively. Final occlusion rate was 0.96 (0.87–0.99) for ruptured ACA aneurysms treated with clipping. For unruptured ACA aneurysms treated with coiling, occlusion rates were 0.93 (0.85–0.97) and 0.86 (0.73–0.93) in immediate and late assessment respectively. Final occlusion rate was 0.82 (0.71–0.89) for unruptured ACA aneurysms treated with pipeline device. For ruptured ACA aneurysms treated with coiling, secondary ICH occurred in 0.08 (0.07–0.11) (n=731) and retreatment rate was 0.10 (0.05–0.18). For those treated with clipping, ICH occurred in 0.12 (0.03–0.37) and retreatment rate was 0.06 (0.02–0.13) (n=110). No study of ruptured ACA aneurysm treated with pipeline device was eligible to be included in our meta-analysis. For unruptured ACA aneurysms treated with coiling, the risk of ischemic stroke was 0.09 (0.05–0.18) (n=121), ICH occurred in 0.05 (0.02–0.12) (n=121) and retreatment rate was 0.10 (0.05–0.18) (n=100). For those treated with pipeline device, the risk of ischemic stroke was 0.03 (0.01–0.09) (n=103), ICH occurred in 0.04 (0.02–0.11) and retreatment rate was 0.02 (0.01–0.08) (n=105). Meta-analysis was not technically possible for unruptured ACA aneurysm treated with surgical clipping due to small numbers. Conclusion Endovascular and surgical treatment modalities appear safe and effective in treatment of ACA aneurysm. There is a large amount of heterogeneity in reporting baseline characteristics and final outcomes in the literature limiting number of studies for comparison of outcomes by vascular territory. Disclosures H. Saber: None. G. Rajah: None. H. Fadel: None. B. Kolb: None. A. Luqman: None. S. Narayanan: None.
Analysis of Information Exchange: How Does It Affect Patient-Hospital Relationship?

The purpose of this paper is to propose a systematic solution to improve human healthcare situation and to amend the current medical and healthcare systems. The paper first evaluates the current smart healthcare technologies and their progress in different regions, then identifies the major limitation of current smart healthcare systems, specifically the current challenges of patient-hospital relationship and how insufficient communication between hospitals and patients jeopardize the patient-hospital relationship. The paper analyzes several impacting factors, including the interactions between smart healthcare system and other smart systems under the framework of smart cities, and how these factors would affect the whole systems systematically. Under such a framework we discuss in this paper how to enhance the patient experience in hospital by smart healthcare technologies and solve the problems of unsatisfying relationship between patients and hospitals. The studies are conducted from the following three aspects: hospitals exchange information, patients learn about hospitals, and hospitals gather data from patients. The research introduces different examples of medical technology and of intersections between healthcare system and other systems. However, due to the difference of medical resources and the development of infrastructures in different countries, smart healthcare system still need amendment.
An Efficient Deterministic Approach to Model-based Prediction Uncertainty Estimation

Prognostics deals with the prediction of the end of life (EOL) of a system. EOL is a random variable, due to the presence of process noise and uncertainty in the future inputs to the system. Prognostics algorithm must account for this inherent uncertainty. In addition, these algorithms never know exactly the state of the system at the desired time of prediction, or the exact model describing the future evolution of the system, accumulating additional uncertainty into the predicted EOL. Prediction algorithms that do not account for these sources of uncertainty are misrepresenting the EOL and can lead to poor decisions based on their results. In this paper, we explore the impact of uncertainty in the prediction problem. We develop a general model-based prediction algorithm that incorporates these sources of uncertainty, and propose a novel approach to efficiently handle uncertainty in the future input trajectories of a system by using the unscented transformation. Using this approach, we are not only able to reduce the computational load but also estimate the bounds of uncertainty in a deterministic manner, which can be useful to consider during decision-making. Using a lithium-ion battery as a case study, we perform several simulation-based experiments to explore these issues, and validate the overall approach using experimental data from a battery testbed.