cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 176: Early development of GMC1, a novel molecule targeting FKBP52 for the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer

Purpose: GMC1 directly inhibits FKBP52, effectively blocking androgen receptor dependent gene expression and androgen-stimulated proliferation. This make it an attractive option for the treatment of hormone-dependent and hormone-independent prostate cancer. This study investigated an analytical method for GMC1 quantification, pre-formulation characteristics of GMC1, and developed intravenous formulations for the evaluation of GMC1 in animal models. Method: An LC/MS/MS method for the quantification of GMC1 in solution, plasma and urine was developed, validated and applied to the determination of the stability, log P, plasma protein binding and solubility of GMC1 in various solvents. Liposomal formulations and co-solvent systems with various ratios of high capacity vehicles were formulated and the optimal formulation applied, at 2 mg/kg single IV bolus dose, to the pharmacokinetic study of GMC1 in a rat model. Result: The intra- and inter-day accuracy (%RE) and precision (%CV) of the LC/MS/MS method ranged from 1.6 – 11.7 % and 1.4 – 8.8 %, respectively. GMC1 is stable in solid and solution state, moderately lipophilic (log P = 1.38 ± 0.05), poorly water soluble (0.4 ± 0.01 mg/mL), and highly plasma protein bound (>71%). The optimal formulation consisting of PEG 300 and Labrasol ® (1:1, v/v) allowed us to achieve a GMC1 concentration of 10 mg/mL, and tolerated an aqueous environment. GMC1 has a tri-exponential disposition with a Cmax of 7.6 ± 1.97 mg/L, clearance of 0.53 L/kg/hr, α-distribution, β-phase and terminal elimination half-lives of 0.1 ± 0.04 hr, 1.2 ± 0.34 hr, and 19.7 ± 5.09 hr respectively. Conclusion: The LC/MS/MS method, formulations and pharmacokinetic study can be applied to the pre-clinical and clinical development of GMC1. Grant Support: This work was performed under funding from NIH/NIGMS grant (5SC3GM102018) and NIH/NIMHD/RCMI grant (5G12MD007605). Citation Format: Huan Xie, Oscar Ekpenyong. Early development of GMC1, a novel molecule targeting FKBP52 for the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 176. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-176
A bridge to systems thinking in engineering design: An examination of students’ ability to identify functions at varying levels of abstraction

This paper aims to situate functional abstraction in light of systems thinking. While function does not extensively appear in systems thinking literature, the literature does identify function as part of systems thinking that enables us to recognize and connect that function has a role in building a systems thinking approach for students. A systems thinking approach is valuable for students since it helps them view a system holistically. In this research, we measure how well students are able to abstract function. We asked students to generate functions for two different products and examined how students taught functional modeling and function enumeration compare to students who are only taught function enumeration. The student responses were examined using a rubric that we developed and validated for assessing function. This rubric may be used to classify functions by correctness (correct, partially correct, and incorrect) and categories (high level, interface, low level, and ambiguous). On questions where students were not explicitly asked to write a high-level function or low-level function, and so on, students who were taught functional modeling were able to better demonstrate systems thinking in their responses (low-level and interface functions) than those students who were only taught function enumeration.
Playing With Shame: The Temporal Work of Rape Jokes for the Cultural Body

Legal scholar Christopher Stone wrote that humor often functions in culture as a way of dealing with “social growing pains.” In this context, jokes about rape become a form of testimony to the anxi...
Quality Metrics and Quality Improvement in Pediatric Heart Failure

Abstract In the 2000 report, Crossing the Quality Chasm, the Institute of Medicine broadly outlined the changes needed to reinvent the delivery of health care in the United States. This report highlighted the limitations of traditional scientific discovery methods to translate knowledge into consistent, high-quality medical care. Since the release of this report, the health care industry has seen an increased application of quality improvement methods developed by Dr. Walter Shewhart and implemented with great success by W. Edwards Deming in the manufacturing industries. This systems-based approach is predicated on the concept of learning from sequential changes and establishing objective measures to assess if those changes result in improvement (Langley, 2009).
Unicentric epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the calcaneus: a case report and review of literature.

This review of the literature combined with a clinical case will allow the illustration of a favorable outcome of this variable low grade malignancy, display a role for limb salvage surgery with intralesional treatment, and offer a clinical example of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, a rare malignancy. The case report presents a case of solitary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) of the calcaneus in a 60-year-old male. Primary vascular tumors of the bone are rare; however, EHE is one of the most common primary malignant vascular tumors to occur in bone. A review of the literature found few cases that involved the calcaneus; those cases found that involved the calcaneus were either part of a multifocal or metastatic disease process. Our case presents a 45-month clinical follow-up of solitary EHE in the calcaneus treated with surgical excision by curettage and cementing. This case has clinical follow-up greater than 2 years post-operatively and could be a guide for treatment of a rare disorder with a substantial paucity of literature.
Semantic weldability prediction with RSW quality dataset and knowledge construction

Abstract This paper presents a semantic Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) weldability prediction framework. The framework constructs a shareable weldability knowledge database based on the regression rules from inconsistent RSW quality datasets. This research aims to effectively predict the weldability of RSW process for existing or new weldment design. A real welding test dataset collected from an automotive OEM is used to extract decision rules using a decision tree algorithm, Classification and Regression Trees (CART). The extracted decision rules are converted systematically into SWRL rules for capturing the semantics and to increase the shareability of the constructed knowledge. The experiments show that the RSW ontology, along with SWRL rules that contains weldability rules constructed from the datasets, successfully predicts the weldability (nugget width) values for RSW cases. The predicted nugget width values are found to be in-close proximity of the actual values. This paper shows that semantic prediction framework construes an intelligent way for constructing accurate and transparent predictive models for RSW weldability verification.
Appropriate use of glucose management in successful 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET imaging

1023 OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical case studies involving patients whose blood glucose levels were appropriately and inappropriately managed immediately prior to 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) injection and subsequent imaging. BODY: Strict adherence to generally accepted guidelines for blood glucose management as determined by established protocols (University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics PET Imaging Center,Iowa City, IA, http://pet.radiology.uiowa.edu) typically yields successful, interpretable PET studies. Patients should be in a fasting state with a blood glucose level of 200mg/dL or below. Specific case studies resulting in uninterpretable PET images as a result of changes in patients9 blood glucose were examined. Examples included an oncology patient who received subcutaneous insulin two hours prior to a whole body PET exam, and a cardiology patient who received a continuous insulin drip preceding a myocardial viability PET exam. These examples were compared with additional PET images when the same patients9 blood glucose levels were under appropriate management. The second set of images were of high quality and easily interpretable, while the first set were of poor quality and were uninterpretable.
The Scientist as a Socially Situated Reasoner: From Scientific Communities to Transscientific Fields

Gina: Look at the tiny star out there.… For all we know that star disappeared millions of years ago and it's taken that light, travelling 186,000 miles a second, millions of years to reach us. Kleinman: You're saying that star may not still be out there? Gina: That's right. Kleinman: Even though I see it with my own eyes? Gina: That's right. Kleinman: That's very scary, because if I see something with my own eyes, I like to think it's there. … Gina: Kleinman, who knows what's real? Kleinman: What's real is what you can touch with your hands. Gina: Oh? (He kisses her; she responds passionately) That'll be six dollars, please. (Woody Allen, Death (A Play)) Full-size table Table options View in workspace Download as CSV
Philosophical Underpinnings of Environmental Music

The effectiveness of environmental music is explored through the lens of philosophers Gregory Bateson, through his theory of ecology of mind, and Timothy Morton, through his theory of hyperobjects. Bateson's and Morton's philosophies are concerned with how art can be used to communicate our interconnectedness to nature. Their philosophical underpinnings are applied as a framework for evaluating artists' success in communicating this interconnectedness through environmental music. Works by composers Barry Truax, Hildegard Westerkamp, David Dunn, and Leah Barclay are discussed within these frameworks.
Deep Disagreement and the Virtues of Argumentative and Epistemic Incapacity

Fogelin’s (1985) Wittgensteinian view of deep disagreement as allowing no rational resolution has been criticized from both argumentation theoretic and epistemological perspectives. These criticisms typically do not recognize how his point applies to the very argumentative resources on which they rely. Additionally, more extremely than Fogelin himself argues, the conditions of deep disagreement make each position literally unintelligible to the other, again disallowing rational resolution. In turn, however, this failure of sense is so extreme that it partly cancels its own meaning as a failure of sense. Consequently, it paradoxically opens new possibilities for sense and therefore rationally unexpected resolutions.
Creating the Framework for a Healthy Practice Environment.

The link between healthy work environments and patient safety, nursing satisfaction, and quality outcomes is well established, yet many nurses work in environments that are unsafe and uncivil. What are the essential elements that contribute to a healthy practice environment? How can we create roles
Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

This section will outline the phenomenology and epidemiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), paying special attention to the diagnostic criteria as described in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The neurobiology of OCD will be discussed with a special emphasis on the associated aberrant findings in neurocircuitry and neurochemistry, as identified through neuroimaging, psychopharmacological, and genetic studies. Current concepts surrounding the role of the immune system in OCD will also be highlighted. Finally, the major challenges of OCD research and future directions in research will be considered.
Re)Validating Cognitive Introductory Computing Instruments

\beginabstract Cognitive tests have been long used as a measure of student knowledge, ability, and as a predictor for success in engineering and computer science. However, these tests are not without their own problems relating to priming, difficulty (resulting in test fatigue) and time on exam. This paper discusses efforts to modify Parker et al.'s Second CS1 aptitude test (SCS1) \citeParker16 to reduce the time spent on the exam, provide greater customization to match concepts taught across three universities, and reduce redundancy of test questions all while maintaining the instrument's reliability. This instrument was modified for use on an ongoing grant investigating whether spatial abilities impact the success of students in introductory CS courses. The instrument developed in this paper is a revised shortened version of Second Computer Science 1 (SCS1) aptitude test, designated as SCS1R. \endabstract
Abstract 4049: Cellular phenotypes of spleen cells in cancer patients targeted for adoptive cellular therapy

The spleen is a rich resource of large numbers of lymphocytes, with potential for use in adoptive cellular therapy (ACT). This is of particular relevance to patients with a distal pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) who frequently undergo a pancreatectomy that required a splenectomy to clear the nodal basin. In this study we compared the phenotypes of eight paired sets of peripheral blood (PB) and spleen cell populations to assess the frequency of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and lymphocyte subpopulations. Because a positive clinical response to ACT requires a low frequency of T-regs and MDSC’s, both systemically and in the tumor microenvironment these cells were one of the foci for our studies. A high frequency of these cells negatively correlate with survival and positively with tumor burden. Indeed, in this study we observed a significant decrease in the frequency of granulocytic, monocytic and immature MDSC’s in the spleen vs PB (4.8±1.6 vs. 54.4±6.1; 0.2±0.1 vs. 0.9±0.4; and 0.6±0.1 vs. 2.3±0.8 percent respectively) but not T-regulatory (T-reg) cells (0.8+0.5 vs. 0.1+0.04 percent) supporting the potential superiority of spleen cells relative to PB as a cellular source for ACT. In addition to a significantly higher number of spleen cells as compared to the PB for expansion/infusion, spleens have a higher frequency of T-cells as compared to the PB including CD3+ (35+5 vs. 16+4%), CD4+ (19+2 vs. 10+2%) and CD8+ (10+1 vs. 5+2%) T-cells. The frequency of transitional memory (Ttm) T-cells, which have a high proliferative potential were also significantly increased in the spleen vs. PB (37.5±6 vs. 26±3.0%) as was the frequency of PD1+CD8+ T-cells (8+2 vs 1+0.5%), which have been shown to have tumor specific cytotoxicity in cancer patients. In summary the increased frequency of PD-1+CD8+ cells, a Ttm memory phenotype and low levels of an exhaustion phenotype (TIM3 and Lag3 expression) in spleen cells vs the PB is supportive of the potential utility of these cells for expansion and therapeutic utility for these cells. Citation Format: Kathryn Cole, Quan Ly, Jesse L. Cox, Michael A. Hollingsworth, James C. Padussis, Jason M. Foster, Luciano M. Vargas, James E. Talmadge. Cellular phenotypes of spleen cells in cancer patients targeted for adoptive cellular therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4049.
Modeling oscillations in connected glacial lakes

Mountain glaciers and ice sheets often host marginal and subglacial lakes that are hydraulically connected through subglacial drainage systems. These lakes exhibit complex dynamics that have been the subject of models for decades. Here we introduce and analyze a model for the evolution of glacial lakes connected by subglacial channels. Subglacial channel equations are supplied with effective pressure boundary conditions that are determined by a simple lake model. While the model can describe an arbitrary number of lakes, we solve it numerically with a finite element method for the case of two connected lakes. We examine the effect of relative lake size and spacing on the oscillations. Complex oscillations in the downstream lake are driven by discharge out of the upstream lake. These include multi-peaked and anti-phase filling–draining events. Similar filling–draining cycles have been observed on the Kennicott Glacier in Alaska and at the confluence of the Whillans and Mercer ice streams in West Antarctica. We further construct a simplified ordinary differential equation model that displays the same qualitative behavior as the full, spatially-dependent model. We analyze this model using dynamical systems theory to explain the appearance of filling–draining cycles as the meltwater supply varies.
Identifying Metabolic Inhibitors to Reduce Bacterial Persistence

Bacterial persisters are rare phenotypic variants that are temporarily tolerant to high concentrations of antibiotics. We have previously discovered that stationary-phase-cell subpopulations exhibiting high redox activities were less capable of producing proteins and resuming growth upon their dilution into fresh media. The redox activities of these cells were maintained by endogenous protein and RNA degradation, resulting in self-inflicted damage that transiently repressed the cellular functions targeted by antibiotics. Here, we showed that pretreatment of stationary-phase cells with an ATP synthase inhibitor, chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ), significantly reduced stationary-phase-redox activities and protein degradation, and yielded cells that were more susceptible to cell death when exposed to antibiotics in fresh media. Leveraging this knowledge, we developed an assay integrating a degradable fluorescent protein system and a small library, containing FDA-approved drugs and antibiotics, to detect medically relevant drugs that potentially target persister metabolism. We identified a subset of chemical inhibitors, including polymyxin B, poly-L-lysine and phenothiazine anti-psychotic drugs, that were able to reduce the persistence phenotype in Escherichia coli. These chemical inhibitors also reduced Pseudomonas aeruginosa persistence, potentially verifying the existence of similar mechanisms in a medically relevant organism.
Accuracy of Nonexercise Prediction Equations for Assessing Longitudinal Changes to Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Apparently Healthy Adults: BALL ST Cohort

Background Repeated assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) improves mortality risk predictions in apparently healthy adults. Accordingly, the American Heart Association suggests routine clin...
Outcomes and Costs for Women After Breast Cancer: Preparing for Improved Survivorship of Medicare Beneficiaries.

PURPOSE:Increasing health care costs, longer life expectancy, improved breast cancer (BC) survival, and higher levels of complex comorbidities have important implications for future Medicare expend...
Alzheimer's Disease Warning Signs: Gender and Education Influence Modifiable Risk Factors-A Pilot Survey Study.

The aim of this research was to determine the relationships among diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease warning signs, and lifestyle factors such as fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity. Adults...
Molecular Aging: a Termination Antigen Appears on Senescent Cells

Abstract The antigen which appears on senescent somatic cells was isolated. It is a 62, 000 dalton glycopeptide. Data suggest that the senescent cell antigen is not derived from PAS 1-4, spectrin, or a molecule present in sialoglycoprotein preparations.
Plate Versus Lag Screw Only Fixation of Unstable Ankle Fractures Involving the Fibula in Adolescent Patients.

Background Plate fixation has been the traditional technique for fracture repair of unstable ankle injuries with an associated lateral malleolus fracture. Recently, biomechanical and clinical data have demonstrated lag screw only fixation to be an effective alternative to plate fixation in the adult population. This comparison has yet to be studied in the adolescent or pediatric population. The objective of this study was to compare lag screw only fixation with traditional plating for lateral malleolus fractures in adolescents. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of 83 adolescents with unstable oblique lateral malleolus fractures treated at a single pediatric level-1 trauma center between 2011 and 2019 with a minimum clinical follow-up until fracture union. Patients were divided into 2 surgical groups: (1) plate fixation (n=51) or (2) lag screw fixation (n=32). Radiographic and clinical outcomes and complications were measured in both groups. Results All patients in both groups achieved our primary outcome measure of fracture union without loss of reduction. The mean surgical time for subjects treated with a plate was 15 minutes longer (64 vs. 49 min) (P=0.001) and these patients were 3.8 times more likely to have symptomatic implants (P 0.05) between the 2 treatment methods. Conclusions Lag screw only fixation is a safe and effective procedure for noncomminuted, oblique fibula fractures in the adolescent population as demonstrated by equivalent fracture healing rates without loss of reduction and similar outcome scores. Given these comparable results with the additional benefits of shorter surgical time and less symptomatic implants, lag screw only fixation should be considered as a viable treatment alternative to traditional lateral plating in the adolescent population. Level of evidence Level III.
Area Division of the Yellow Brick Road on the Regular Dodecahedron

In a recent Monthly note [1], Athreya and Aulicino found a closed geodesic on the regular dodecahedron at a vertex not passing through any other vertices. This work has been popularized in a Number...
Chinese Fazhi and the International Order: How Chinese Legal Rhetoric Undermines Rule of Law

An effective rules-based international order requires that States accept the restraining power of the law. While China has acknowledged the importance of international law and observed legal norms when convenient, China’s cost-benefit approach to legal compliance ultimately rejects the supremacy and power of law as a restraining force. This view derives from its own conception of law as an expression of the Party’s will, nothing more. States that engage with China and those that consider China a reliable partner or fellow adjudicator in furthering the rules-based international order should understand its cost-benefit approach to the law and, consequently, how this influences its behavior. Of course, while undermining established norms and institutions that frustrate perceived interests may weaken respect for the rule of law over time, from the Party’s perspective it’s simply a matter of perfecting fazhi.
Microtubule motor-dependent formation of tubulovesicular networks from endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi membranes

Publisher Summary This chapter describes methods for forming tubulovesicular networks, separating the membranes into at least two fractions with little loss of network-forming activity, and extracting peripheral membrane proteins. It also presents various problems encountered in working with the tubulovesicular membrane networks. Several cell lines have been used to make networks, such as chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF), African green monkey kidney cells (CV-I), rat liver, and Xenopus egg extracts. The standard network mixture is placed between parallel lines of high-vacuum silicon grease that form a sample chamber. The mixture is incubated in a humidified chamber for 1–2 hours at room temperature or 30–60 minutes at 37°C. The microtubule motors kinesin and cytoplasmic dynein can be selectively removed from the high-speed supernatant. Standard differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy can be used to a limited extent to visualize the tubulovesicular networks. Because the tubulovesicular membranes are about 0.1–0.2 μ m in diameter and network formation is highly dependent on microtubule motility. The use of video-enhanced DIC microscopy is recommended.
The Preparation and Structural Characterization of 1-methylimidazolium and 1,3-dimethylimidazolium Tetrachlorobismuthate(III)

In attempting to synthesize complexes of BiCl3 with 1-methyl-2(3H)-imidazolethione and 1,3-dimethyl-2(3H)-imidazoletellurone, the respective imidazolium salts stabilized by the tetrachlorobismuthate(III) anion were obtained. The two new compounds are characterized via standard methods and X-ray crystallography. One compound, 1,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrachlorobismuthate(III), crystallizes in space group C2/c with a = 14.7000(12), b = 12.7200(8), c = 7.3150(6) A, and β = 117.744(5)○. The other compound, 1-methylimidazolium tetrachlorobismuthate(III), crystallizes in space group P21/c with a = 11.1534(12), b = 12.9635(14), c = 7.2856(8) A, and β = 94.319(2)○. The large anion is comprised of polymeric zig-zag chains of octahedrally coordinated bismuth sharing alternating edges through cis chlorine bridging. The resulting long linear channels house the planar cations stacked parallel to each other. Differences in anion geometries can be attributed to hydrogen bonding in the 1-methyl imidazolium salt, and there is no strong evidence of lone-pair stereoactivity in either of the compounds.
Rhetoric versus Reality in Arbitration Jurisprudence: How the Supreme Court Flaunts and Flunks Contracts (and Why Contracts Teachers Need Not Teach the Cases)

Supreme Court rhetoric about the role of contracts and contract law in arbitration jurisprudence differs sharply from the reality of its applications. In the name of contracts, the Court administers a self-declared national policy favoring arbitration, a policy directly benefiting the judicial branch of government. This often puts the Court’s preferences ahead of those of contracting parties while declaring its mission as solely to enforce contracts in accordance with contract law. The Court thus cloaks in the rhetoric of volition a policy in tension with constitutionally-pedigreed access to justice and venerable principles of federalism. This Article documents the rhetoric-reality gap and explores why it exists and why it matters. The rhetoric-reality gap is attributable in part to a dilemma the Court created for itself: its national policy favoring arbitration is constitutionally-suspect unless people assent, yet letting people make what contracts they wish would prevent implementing the national policy. The jurisprudence diminishes the Court’s legitimacy, tempts defiance, creates doctrinal incoherence, and poses other costs. This Article calls for reconciling these conflicting positions rather than sustaining the status quo: the Court should either give up its national policy favoring arbitration and truly respect freedom of contract or come clean about its national policy’s real implications and acknowledge its narrow conception of contract and contract law.
A Distribution-Free Phase I Control Chart for Subgroup Scale

A Phase I control chart that is distribution free is proposed for processes that are in control. The proposed method achieves in-control performance when used with both normal and nonnormal data and is sensitive to subgroup differences in process scale...
The Macroeconomic Effects of Fund-Supported Adjustment Programs: An Empirical Assessment

This paper reviews the existing evidence on the macroeconomic effects of Fund-supported adjustment programs, and provides new estimates of these effects for 67 developing countries with programs during 1973-86. The empirical analysis indicates that in the short run programs have led to an improvement in the current account, the balance of payments, and inflation, but this was accompanied by a decline in the growth rate. In the longer run the positive effects of programs on the external balance and inflation are strengthened, and the adverse growth effects reduced. These results are more definitive than those from previous studies.
Time Series Analysis in Historiometry: A Comment on Simonton

Time series analysis (TSA) is one of a number of new methods of data analysis appropriate for longitudinal data. Simonton (1998) applied TSA to an analysis of the causal relationship between two types of stress and both the physical and mental health of George III. This innovative application demonstrates both the strengths and weaknesses of time series analysis. Time series is applicable to a unique class of problems, can use information about temporal ordering to make statements about causation, and focuses on patterns of change over time, all strengths of the Simonton study. Time series analysis also suffers from a number of weaknesses, including problems with generalization from a single study, difficulty in obtaining appropriate measures, and problems with accurately identifying the correct model to represent the data. While careful attempts are made to minimize these problems, each is present in the Simonton study, although sometimes in a subtle manner. Changes in how the data could be gathered are suggested that might help to solve some of these problems in future studies. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of employing alternative methods for analyzing multivariate time series data, including dynamic factor analysis, are discussed.
Ultra-wide IF bandwidth — The next frontier for SIS receivers

Tucker's theory of quantum mixing can be extended to model distributed series connected SIS mixers, which offer a lower capacitance and a higher dynamic range. These mixers have wider IF bandwidth than single junction mixer. Coupled with the emerging ultra-wide band technologies in low noise amplifier and fast digital signal processing, they open a new frontier of ultra-wide band receivers. We report on the development of the wideband SIS receivers for the Submillimeter Array, designed with Tucker's theory.
Characterization of K+ currents and the cAMP-dependent modulation in cultured Drosophila mushroom body neurons identified by lacZ expression

Electrophysiological analysis of cultured neurons provides a potential approach toward understanding the physiological defects that may contribute to abnormal behavior exhibited by mutants of the fruit fly Drosophila. However, its application has been restricted by an inability to identify a particular functional or anatomical subpopulation of neurons from the CNS. To study neurons composing the CNS mushroom body proposed as a center for insect olfactory learning, we utilized a Drosophila enhancer detector line that expresses a lacZ reporter gene in these neurons and identified them in acutely dissociated larval CNS cultures by vital fluorescent staining. The patch-clamp analysis suggests that whole-cell voltage-activated K+ currents can be classified into two types in identified mushroom body neurons. Type 1 current comprises a TEA-sensitive slowly inactivating current and noninactivating component while type 2 current contains a 4-AP-sensitive transient A-current and a noninactivating component. Application of cAMP analogs induced distinct modulation of type 1 and type 2 currents. Our results demonstrate that the expression of the lacZ gene and the subsequent staining do not significantly alter the different types of K+ currents. This initial characterization provides a basis for further analysis of mutations that impair learning and memory resulting from an abnormal cAMP cascade preferentially expressed in the mushroom body.
Air shower detection of diffuse PeV gamma‐rays

There are two distinctively different sources of diffuse γ‐rays in the PeV region. Galactic γ‐rays contain information about the matter distribution and the cosmic ray gradient in the Galaxy. Extragalactic ones are related to the sources of ultra‐high energy cosmic rays. This brief write‐up attempts to discuss the physics behind these backgrounds and evaluate their detectability by shower arrays.
Carr, Karen L., and Philip J. Ivanhoe, The Sense of Antirationalism: The Religious Thought of Zhuangzi and Kierkegaard

In the “XU Wugui 徐無鬼” chapter of the Zhuangzi, Zhuangzi laments that since the death of his friend Huizi, he has had “nothing to work with, no one to talk to” (translation mine). Although Zhuangzi’s ethos and worldview departed dramatically from Huizi’s, he nevertheless believed that he could still “have a word” with his friend. In a similar manner, Karen L. Carr and Philip J. Ivanhoe want to suggest that Zhuangzi and Kierkegaard, despite the enormous gaps in historical context, philosophical background, and religious vision, could likewise “have a word,” particularly in regard to their shared senses of “antirationalism,” a philosophical position “marked, on the one hand, by the belief that the improper use of reason is harmful in the pursuit of religious truth, and on the other, a thorough-going realism which makes truth claims non-arbitrary, universal, and putatively objective” (xvii-xviii). The Sense of Antirationalism: The Religious Thought of Zhuangzi and Kierkegaard represents a signal work in field of the philosophy of religion that introduces a genuinely novel approach to comparative religious studies, demonstrating how we can compare competing traditions not merely on the compatibility of first order beliefs but also on the basis of analytical categories like antirationalism. Beyond enriching the methods of comparative religious studies, the volume also makes meaningful contributions to the fields of early Chinese philosophy and Kierkegaard studies in its sustained, nuanced readings of Zhuangzi and Kierkegaard. The authors begin with questions of methodology in the “Introduction” and suggest that although “there is good evidence to support the claim that significant similarities exist between any two religious traditions” (xiv) because religions fulfill a similar range of functions, any interesting comparison will highlight the deeper differences of those traditions as a way of offering “the distinct perspectives needed to enrich both our understanding of ourselves and our understanding of the general phenomenon of religion” (xv). In regard to Zhuangzi and Kierkegaard, “they share Dao (2011) 10:245–249 DOI 10.1007/s11712-011-9216-3
Selenium and Vitamin E Status: Impact on Viral Pathogenicity

Selenium (Se), an essential trace element, and vitamin E, a lipid soluble antioxidant, are important mediators for protection against oxidative stress. Recent work has demonstrated that deficiencies in either Se or vitamin E result in increased viral pathogenicity and altered immune responses. Furthermore, deficiencies in either Se or vitamin E results in specific viral mutations, changing relatively benign viruses into virulent ones. Thus, host nutritional status should be considered a driving force for the emergence of new viral strains or newly pathogenic strains of known viruses.
Sorbitol in Tracheal Sap of Apple as Related to Temperature

The influence of dormant-season temperatures on levels of sorbitol was determined in an effort to provide further informa­ tion on the possible role of sorbitol in dormancy of apple trees (Ma/us sylvestris Mill.). Two-year-old shoots were collected throughout the dormant season; sorbitol and sugars were determined in tracheal sap extracted under vacuum and in ground dried wood extracted in a soxhlet apparatus. Sorbitol and sugar trimethylsilyl derivative were detected by gas chro­ matography. Levels of sorbitol in the sap generally increased during subfreezing temperatures and decreased during warm periods throughout the dormant season. Early peak increases in sap sorbitol appeared to coincide witl1 the beginning of leaf senescence. Postharvest levels of reducing sugars, sorbitol, and particularly sucrose in the wood, increased as the temperature decreased during the dormant season, and the sugar levels decreased with warming temperatures in the spring. Our data indicate that sorbitol and sucrose are important reserves of storage carbohydrates in resting apple trees.
Acceptor Raman scattering in GaAs-AlxGa1−xAs quantum-well structures

Abstract We report resonant Raman scattering from Be acceptors in GaAs-Al x Ga 1− x As quantum well structures, grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Center- and edge-doped samples with well widths in the range 70–165 A were investigated as a function of temperature and uniaxial stress. The data show confinement-induced shifts and splittings of the lowest-lying acceptor levels in good agreement with recent calculations, and also excitations that may involve impurity states derived from higher subbands. The stress dependence of the spectra reveals coupling of the lowest acceptor transition to transverse acoustic phonons. Confinement-split lines exhibit a not fully understood intensity exchange with increasing temperature.
Ecosystem Management in the Great Lakes: Some Observations from Three RAP Sites

Abstract The development of Remedial Action Plans represents a first effort to apply the ecosystem approach to Great Lakes water management. This paper proposes several preconditions to ecosystem management: intergovernmental and interdisciplinary participation t he creation of a mutually agreed upon decision making process political and public support and funding. The level of attainment of these preconditions was studied in three RAP sites (Green Bay, Wisconsin; Saginaw Bay, Michigan and Hamilton Harbour, Ontario) through on-site indepth interviews of thirty-five RAP participants. Two RAPs achieved the preconditions to varying degrees. The Green Bay RAP is distinguished in its utilization of ecosystem-level data and its intergovernmental participation. The Hamilton Harbour RAP stands out for its conceptualization of the ecosystem approach, and its commitment to consensual decision making. To date, the Saginaw Bay RAP has not achieved the preconditions outlined in this study. Overall, the participation of key individuals, a movement toward consensual decision making and adequate funding appear to be very important factors in the development and implementation of RAP plans using the ecosystem approach
Osmotic hemolysis and fragility. A new model based on membrane disruption, and a potential clinical test.

Abstract Red cell osmotic hemolysis has traditionally been defined by the loss of hemoglobin, in response to reduced osmotic pressure, as measured spectroscopically. Previous work from this laboratory using resistive pulse spectroscopy (RPS) has shown that in a mixed population of hemolyzing cell, ghosts can be detected as being more deformable, and hence appearing distinctly smaller, than the remaining intact cells. Other researchers using similar methods have reported detection of ghosts as apparently smaller objects, resulting from their greater sensitivity to dielectric breakdown. We now confirm both of these results, and demonstrate by kinetic studies that changes which occur in the rheological and electrical properties of ghosts are independent phenomena. We include in our analysis the explicit calculation of ghost and intact spherocyte resistivity after dielectric breakdown. The two different characterizations for ghosts are integrated into a proposed model of osmotic hemolysis based on known red blood cell membrane and cytoplasmic properties. This work provides both a theoretical and a practical foundation for RPS-based measures of osmotic fragility, including a potential new clinical test, measures which provide very early detection of the ultimate fate of osmotically stressed red cells.
Search for heterobimetallic dihydrides from the reaction of H2 with metal-metal bonds

Abstract The arsenic-bridged bimetallic compounds (CO)4 FeAs(CH 3 ) 2 M (M = Mn(CO)4, 1 ; M = Co(CO)3, 2 ; M = Mo(C5H5)(CO)2, 3) were investigated as possible CO and alkene hydrogenation catalysts. Heating these compounds under H2 did not lead to any observable metal dihydride species but gave thermal decomposition. Thermal stabilities were found to be in the order 3 > 1 > 2. 1 and 3 reacted with CO at 45 °C and 110 °C, respectively, to give compounds 5 and 6 in which the metal/3-metal bond has been cleaved and CO added. Heating 1, 2, or 3 under CO and H2 gave no observable CH3OH or CH4. Evidence that metal hydride species might be in equilibrium with 1, 2, or 3 was obtained from the observation that solutions of 1, 2, or 3 which are heated under H2 catalyze the hydrogenation of 1-octene to n-octane and the isomerization of 1-octene to cis- and trans-2-octene.
RU 486 action after estrogen priming in the endometrium and oviducts of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

Recently, we reported that in rhesus monkeys, RU 486 treatment could inhibit the ability of estradiol (E2) to stimulate endometrial regeneration without inhibiting E2-dependent oviductal regeneration. In that work, RU 486 had been administered at the end of an artificial luteal phase when the oviducts were regressed, the endometrium was in a late secretory state, and estrogen and progestin receptors (ER and PR, respectively) were at minimal levels in both organs. In the current work, we administered RU 486 after 2 weeks of estrogen priming when the oviducts were fully differentiated, the endometrium was in a proliferative state, and ER and PR levels were maximal. Our goal was to determine whether the degree to which RU 486 inhibited E2 action in either organ varied depending on their initial state. Spayed rhesus monkeys were primed with E2 for 2 weeks and then treated in four different ways for an additional 2 weeks as follows: I) E2; II) E2 plus P; III) E2, P, and RU 486; and IV) E2 plus RU 486. Menstrua...
Renal dialysis and kidney transplantation program for the state of Maine.

Abstract The challenges associated with the establishment of a kidney dialysis and transplantation program for the state of Maine are enumerated. Experiences to date are mentioned. Collaboration with the New England Regional Medical Program enables sharing of cadaver kidneys in a wider geographic area.
The influence of schmidt number and reynolds number on the behavior of rotating ring-disk electrodes

Abstract Numerical computations using a finite volume numerical technique have been performed to study the effect of Reynolds and Schmidt numbers on the rotating ring-disk system. A least-squares correlation which gives a positive correction to the infinite Sc collection efficiency is provided to account for the Re and Sc effects: The correction ranges from 2 to 7%. The results agree with previous theoretical treatments but not with a first-order perturbation analysis.
Expression of cytokine genes in human cardiac allografts: correlation of IL‐6 and transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) with histological rejection

Cytokines may play critical roles in allograft rejection. Currently, a clear pattern of cytokine production that correlates with rejection has not emerged. Our preliminary studies suggested a trend toward increased IL-6 and TGF-beta gene expression in cardiac allografts during rejection. We have extended these studies using reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR) to detect the expression of IL-6, TGF-beta, and T cell receptor beta chain constant region (TCR-beta) genes in 21 additional consecutive myocardial biopsies obtained from six heart transplant patients and from five pre-transplant donor hearts. Cytokine gene expression was compared with histological diagnosis of rejection. There was strong correlation between IL-6 as well as TGF-beta gene expression, and histological rejection (6/8 biopsies with versus 0/7 without rejection (P = 0.006) and 7/9 biopsies with versus 0/7 without rejection (P = 0.003) respectively). Neither IL-6 nor TGF-beta transcripts were detected in any pre-transplant donor heart. TCR-beta chain mRNA was found in all allograft biopsies regardless of the presence of rejection, but was absent in pre-transplant donor hearts. Our results indicate that expression of IL-6 and TGF-beta is highly correlated with allograft rejection and thus may play an important role in regulation of cardiac allograft rejection. T cell infiltration of allografted myocardium is invariably detected by PCR regardless of histological rejection. The long-term functional significance of these cells in transplanted hearts needs further investigation.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION CHANGE IN THE WEST NORTH CENTRAL STATES

(1962). SOME ASPECTS OF THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION CHANGE IN THE WEST NORTH CENTRAL STATES. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 17-23.
The reaction of sulfur dioxide with ozone in water and its possible atmospheric significance

The rate of the reaction between ozone and dissolved sulfur dioxide is strongly pH dependent. This is so because sulfite ion reacts extremely rapidly (second order rate constant four orders of magnitude higher than that of bisulfite ion). These results suggest that under some conditions, atmospheric oxidation of sulfur dioxide may involve ozone.
Splenic Erythropoiesis and Thrombopoiesis in Elasmobranchs: An Ultrastructural Study

Zapata, A. 1980. Splenic erythropoiesis and thrombopoiesis in elasmobranchs: an ultrastructural study. (Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, U.S.A.) — Acta zool. (Stockh.) 61(1): 59–64. Erythropoiesis and thrombopoiesis occured in splenic red pulp of Raja clavata and Torpedo marmorata (Elasmobranchs, Batoidea). Both processes are intravascular and later developmental stages of erythrocytes can be also found in peripheral blood. Stages of erythropoiesis showed a successive increase of nuclear condensed chromatin and cytoplasmic hemoglobin content. Aspects of cytoplasmic granules suggested the existence of two thrombocytic precursors in these elasmobranchs. The importance of hemopoietic microenvironments for blood formation is emphasized in this work.
Are Good Texts Always Better? Interactions of Text Coherence, Background Knowledge, and Levels of Understanding in Learning From Text

Two experiments, theoretically motivated by the construction-integration model of text comprehension (W. Kintsch, 1988), investigated the role of text coherence in the comprehension of science texts. In Experiment 1, junior high school students' comprehension of one of three versions of a biology text was examined via free recall, written questions, and a key-word sorting task. This study demonstrates advantages for globally coherent text and for more explanatory text. In Experiment 2, interactions among local and global text coherence, readers' background knowledge, and levels of understanding were examined. Using the same methods as in Experiment 1, we examined students' comprehension of one of four versions of a text, orthogonally varying local and global coherence. We found that readers who know little about the domain of the text benefit from a coherent text, whereas high-knowledge readers benefit from a minimally coherent text. We argue that the poorly written text forces the knowledgeable readers t...
The Political World of the Clergy

The Roles of Religion in American Democracy Evangelical Protestantism: The Politics of Conversion Mainline Protestantism: The Politics of Individualism Roman Catholicism: The Politics of Community Religious Leadership and the Political Cultures of Democracy Appendix: Questions for Clergy Selected Bibliography
Electron-Capture GLC Determination of Timolol in Human Plasma and Urine

Abstract A GLC procedure was developed for measuring nanogram quantities of timolol in plasma and urine. The unchanged drug was extracted into heptane–4% isoamyl alcohol from alkalinized plasma or urine, together with a homolog of timolol which served as the internal standard. The compounds were subsequently back-extracted into 0.1 N HCl and then into chloroform following adjustment of the acid phase to an alkaline pH. The compounds in the chloroform extract were derivatized with heptafluorobutyrylimidazole to form the diheptafluorobutyryl derivatives; these were quantitated by electron-capture GLC. Recovery of timolol added to normal plasma and urine was quantitative and reproducible, and no interfering substances were observed in normal biological samples. The method is capable of measuring concentrations as low as 2 ng/ml in plasma or 20 ng/ml in urine. After a 10-mg oral dose of 14 C-timolol, peak plasma levels of approximately 30 ng/ml were observed in 1–2 hr.