cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On Space Syntax as a Configurational Theory of Architecture from a Situated Observer's Viewpoint

A configurational theory of architecture (CTA) from a situated observer's viewpoint (SOV) is discussed. It includes the levels of description, representation, and interpretation and takes a bottom-up approach because a situated observer, who is on the ground with a building, typically builds his or her understanding of the building using immediately available elements, called perceptual primitives. Evidence from geometry, psychology or cognition, and spatial reasoning suggests that the level of description of a CTA from a SOV must include unambiguously defined perceptual primitives and their perceivable elementary topological and projective relations. Subsequently, in the levels of representation and interpretation any complex relational properties of buildings must be constructed and their meanings must be explained using these perceptual primitives. Early space syntax (SS), with its foundations defined using such perceptual primitives as convex space and axial lines, helps capture the structure of visua...
Integrating product mix and technology adoption decisions: a portfolio approach for evaluating advanced technologies in the automobile industry

Abstract Interactions with managers in the automobile industry indicate that efforts to bring potentially profitable new technologies into production are often frustrated by the traditional unit cost-based approach that is used for evaluating new technologies. Opportunities for timely introduction of valuable or even preemptive technologies can be missed because unit cost comparisons, typically applied to a limited set of vehicle configurations with volumes based on current demand figures, invariably favor incumbent over new technologies. In this research, we develop a more complete technology adoption decision model that integrates product mix and technology adoption decisions. Specifically, we recognize that product mix and volume are important variables in determining the cost effectiveness of new technologies, and include in the model customer demand projections that reflect market trends (e.g. growing demand for increasingly sophisticated features and functions in vehicles). Anticipated experience benefits are then applied to the appropriate production volumes to more accurately predict the profit impact of adopting new technologies. The introduction of automotive multiplexing, a technology that is characteristic of current technological advances in the industry, provides a context for considering insights that can be derived from the decision model. Our interaction with a global Tier I automotive systems supplier allowed us to obtain representative cost data and other information relevant to the technology adoption decision.
Coordinated kinematic motion control of Compliant Framed wheeled Modular Mobile Robots

This paper presents coordinated kinematic motion control of a compliant framed wheeled modular mobile robot (CFMMR). Two coordination algorithms are demonstrated here based upon front and rear axles. An error coordinate system is applied to an ideal point on the robot that will be driven to a reference posture or target for motion control. Posture regulation, path following, and trajectory tracking capability is provided by a kinematic motion controller. Axle motion of the robot is then coordinated using a steering ratio and compliant constraints. The allowable steering ratios are established considering path curvature, steering angle limitations, and steering stability. Coordination algorithms are finally evaluated in simulation and experiment on the CFMMR.
Evaluation of the Maquet Neonatal and Pediatric Quadrox I with an integrated arterial line filter during cardiopulmonary bypass

Background:Perfusion equipment has evolved since its introduction into clinical practice more than fifty years ago to include smaller cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuits and components. Perfusionists are now exploring the function of new oxygenators with an integrated arterial line filter (IALF). The purpose of this trial was to examine the Maquet Quadrox-I Neonatal and Pediatric oxygenators with IALF in a clinical setting, with respect to gas transfer, heat exchange co-efficiency (HEC), trans-membrane pressure (TMP) gradient and clinical experience.Methods:The Maquet Quadrox-I Neonatal oxygenator was used on 30 patients ranging from 2.2-13.1 kg. The Maquet Quadrox-I Pediatric oxygenator was used on 15 patients ranging from 12.7-24.5 kg. Arterial and venous blood gases were taken once the patient was stable on CPB and, subsequently, every 30 minutes afterwards, as per institution protocol. The values for gas transfer rates, HEC and TMP gradient were stratified into three main categories with each oxygen...
CANCER CONTROL WITH RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY ALONE IN 1,000 CONSECUTIVE PATIENTS

Purpose: We analyzed the long-term progression-free probability after radical retropubic prostatectomy in a consecutive series of patients with localized prostate cancer.Materials and Methods: From 1983 to 1998, 1,000 patients (median age 62.9 years, range 37.7 to 81.4) with clinical stage T1 to T2 prostate cancer were treated with radical retropubic prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy, without other cancer related therapy before recurrence. Mean followup was 53.2 months (median 46.9, range 1 to 170).Results: Ten years after radical retropubic prostatectomy the mean probability ± 2 standard errors that patients remained free of progression and of any further treatment was 75.0% ± 3.7% and of metastasis 84.2% ± 4.4%. Mean actuarial cancer specific survival rate ± 2 standard error was 97.6% ± 1.7%. In a multivariate analysis pretreatment prostate specific antigen level (p <0.0001), biopsy Gleason sum (p <0.0001) and clinical stage (p=0.0071) were independent prognostic factors for progression. After pr...
Catechol Oxidase-like Oxidation Chemistry of the 1–20 and 1–16 Fragments of Alzheimer's Disease-related β-Amyloid Peptide: THEIR STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY CORRELATION AND THE FATE OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE *

The Cu2+ complexes of the 1-16 and the 1-20 fragments of the Alzheimer's disease-related beta-amyloid peptide (CuAbeta) show significant oxidative activities toward a catechol-like substrate trihydroxylbenzene and plasmid DNA cleavage. The latter reflects possible oxidative stress to biological macromolecules, yielding supporting data to the pathological role of these soluble Abeta fragments. The former exhibits enzyme-like kinetics and is dependent on [H2O2], exhibiting k(cat) of 0.066 s-1 (6000-fold higher than the reaction without CuAbeta) and k(cat)/Km of 37.2 m-1s-1 under saturating [H2O2] of approximately 0.24%. This kinetic profile is consistent with metal-centered redox chemistry for the action of CuAbeta. A mechanism is proposed by the use of the catalytic cycle of dinuclear catechol oxidase as a working model. Trihydroxylbenzene is also oxidized by CuAbeta aerobically without H2O2, affording rate constants of 6.50x10(-3) s-1 and 3.25 m-1s-1. This activity is also consistent with catechol oxidase action in the absence of H2O2, wherein the substrate binds and reduces the Cu2+ center first, followed by O2 binding to afford the mu-eta2:eta2-peroxo intermediate, which oxidizes a second substrate to complete the catalytic cycle. A tetragonally distorted octahedral metal coordination sphere with three coordinated His side chains and some specific H-bonding interactions is concluded from the electronic spectrum of CuAbeta, hyperfine-shifted 1H NMR spectrum of CoAbeta, and molecular mechanics calculations. The results presented here are expected to add further insight into the chemistry of metallo-Abeta, which may assist better understanding of the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease.
Wafer-level packaging of optoelectronic chips using sea of leads electrical and optical I/O interconnections

This paper describes sea of leads (SoL), its processing, its process integration with optoelectronic devices, and its optical, electrical, and mechanical characteristics.
Modeling of plasma-etch processes using well stirred reactor approximations and including complex gas-phase and surface reactions

A 0-D or well stirred reactor model determines spatially and time-averaged species composition in plasma-etch reactors, through solution of species, mass, and electron-energy balance equations. The use of well stirred reactor approximations reduces the computational expense of detailed kinetics calculations and allows investigation of the dependence of plasma chemistry on etch-process parameters. The reactor is characterized by a chamber volume, surface area, net mass flow or residence time, pressure, energy loss to surroundings, power deposition, and inlet-gas composition. The electron-energy equation includes a detailed power balance with losses to ions and electrons through the sheath, as well as inelastic and elastic collision losses. The model employs reaction-rate coefficients for electron-impact reactions, which require an assumption of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF). We compare model results using Maxwellian EEDF's, as well as reaction-rate coefficients determined as a function of average electron energy through solution of the Boltzmann equation, for chlorine chemistry. The Boltzmann rates are determined by time-lagging the equilibration of electrons with applied electric fields. The Maxwellian reaction rates give higher ionization fractions than the Boltzmann rates, affecting the predicted electronegativity and positive ion composition for chlorine plasmas. The model also shows a strong sensitivity of the plasma composition to the assumed surface-recombination probability of atomic chlorine. >
Rapid endocrine responses of young men to social interactions with young women

It is well-established that males of many nonhuman vertebrate species exhibit hormonal reactions to stimuli from potential mates. The present studies were designed to test replication of preliminary findings suggesting that human males may exhibit such reactions as well. In Experiment 1, young men (n=115) provided saliva samples before and after either conversing with a woman confederate or sitting alone for 15 min. Changes from baseline in salivary testosterone concentrations were significantly greater among the men exposed to women, but only among subjects tested in the afternoon. In Experiment 2, male subjects (n=99) interacted with either a male or a female confederate with saliva samples collected before and after these interactions and all experimental sessions conducted in the afternoon. Men who interacted with women exhibited significant elevations of testosterone relative to both their own baseline concentrations and to change scores among the men who interacted with other men. In addition, women confederates' ratings of men's extraversion and degree of self-disclosure were positively correlated with changes in testosterone. In both experiments, furthermore, changes in cortisol concentrations from baseline were significantly greater among men who spoke with women relative to men in the control conditions. The results provide evidence that social interactions with potential mates can in fact trigger specific patterns of endocrine responses in human males.
How Can Collaboration Assist School Leaders in Effectively Implementing New Programs

Elementary school students at a suburban K-12 charter school are facing a difficult transition into the secondary program. In an effort to ease this transition and retain students, the principal re...
The product of the split sunY gene of bacteriophage T4 is a processed protein.

Abstract The sunY gene of bacteriophage T4 contains a self-splicing group I intron. The ligated exons encode an open reading frame of 605 amino acids, whose inferred molecular mass is 68 kDa. However, none of the proteins made following T4 infection have been assigned to the sunY gene, and no mutations have been mapped to this locus. We show here that the primary product of the sunY gene is a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 64 kDa, which is processed to a protein approximately 4 kDa smaller. Unlike most other processed T4 proteins, cleavage occurs independently of both the T4 processing protease, the product of gene 21, and late phage protein synthesis. Insertional mutagenesis demonstrated that the sunY protein is not necessary for normal T4 growth under the conditions tested.
The Experience of the Novice Nurse: A Human Becoming Perspective:

The well-publicized current shortage of nurses and nurse faculty to teach future generations of nurses intensifies the need to recruit and retain nurses engaged in professional practice. This suggests the importance of being concerned with the quality of the work and professional life of the practicing professional nurse. In this column, the stories of 10 new graduates of baccalaureate nursing programs are explored, illuminating experiences of novice nurses. Themes of the new graduates were identified. The themes are: learning a new culture, sharing a journey, being unsure with changing views, considering the possibilities, and being respected. It is hoped that this column will further the dialogue and promote projects among nurses to explore possibilities in originating new ways of being and becoming in nursing practice.
An Aspect-Based Approach to Checking Design Constraints at Run-Time

Design decisions and constraints of a software system can be specified precisely using a formal notation such as the Object Constraint Language (OCL). However, they are not executable, and assuring the conformance of an implementation to its design is hard. The inability of expressing design constraints in an implementation and checking them at runtime invites, among others, the problem of design drift and corrosion. We propose runtime checks as a solution to mitigate this problem. The key idea of our approach is to translate design constraints written in a formal notation such as OCL into aspects that, when applied to a particular implementation, check the constraints at run-time. Our approach enables runtime verification of design-implementation conformance and detects design corrosion. The approach is modular and plug-and-playable; the constraint checking logic is completely separated from the implementation modules which are oblivious of the former. We believe that a significant portion of constraints translation can be automated.
Do inverse ecosystem models accurately reconstruct plankton trophic flows? Comparing two solution methods using field data from the California Current

article i nfo Article history: Despite the increasing use of linear inverse modeling techniques to elucidate fluxes in undersampled marine ecosystems, the accuracy with which they estimate food web flows has not been resolved. New Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) solution methods have also called into question the biases of the commonly used L2 minimum norm (L2MN) solution technique. Here, we test the abilities of MCMC and L2MN methods to recov- er field-measured ecosystem rates that are sequentially excluded from the model input. For data, we use ex- perimental measurements from process cruises of the California Current Ecosystem (CCE-LTER) Program that include rate estimates of phytoplankton and bacterial production, micro- and mesozooplankton grazing, and carbon export from eight study sites varying from rich coastal upwelling to offshore oligotrophic conditions. Both the MCMC and L2MN methods predicted well-constrained rates of protozoan and mesozooplankton grazing with reasonable accuracy, but the MCMC method overestimated primary production. The MCMC method more accurately predicted the poorly constrained rate of vertical carbon export than the L2MN meth- od, which consistently overestimated export. Results involving DOC and bacterial production were equivocal. Overall, when primary production is provided as model input, the MCMC method gives a robust depiction of ecosystem processes. Uncertainty in inverse ecosystem models is large and arises primarily from solution under-determinacy. We thus suggest that experimental programs focusing on food web fluxes expand the range of experimental measurements to include the nature and fate of detrital pools, which play large roles in the model.
Heme Aggregation inhibitors: antimalarial drugs targeting an essential biomineralization process.

Malaria, resulting from the parasites of the genus Plasmodium, places an untold burden on the global population. As recently as 40 years ago, only 10% of the worlds population was at risk from malaria. Today, over 40% of the worlds population is at risk. Due to increased parasite resistance to traditional drugs and vector resistance to insecticides, malaria is once again resurgent. An emergent theme from current strategies for the development of new antimalarials is that metal homeostasis within the parasite represents an important drug target. During the intra-erythrocytic phase of its life cycle, the malaria parasite can degrade up to 75% of an infected cells hemoglobin. While hemoglobin proteolysis yields requisite amino acids, it also releases toxic free heme (Fe(III)PPIX). To balance the metabolic requirements for amino acids against the toxic effects of heme, malaria parasites have evolved a detoxification mechanism which involves the formation of a crystalline heme aggregate known as hemozoin. An overview of the biochemistry of the critical detoxification process will place it in the appropriate context with regards to drug targeting and design. Quinoline-ring antimalarial drugs are effective against the intraerythrocytic stages of pigment-producing parasites. Recent work on the mechanism of these compounds suggests that they prevent the formation of hemozoin. Evidence for such a mechanism is reviewed, especially in the context of the newly reported crystal structure of hemozoin. Additionally, novel drugs, such as the hydroxyxanthones, which have many of the characteristics of the quinolines are currently being investigated. Recent work has also highlighted two classes of inorganic complexes that have interesting antimalarial activity: (1) metal-N4O2 Schiff base complexes and (2) porphyrins. The mechanism of action for these complexes is discussed. The use of these complexes as probes for the elucidation of structure-activity relationships in heme polymerization inhibitor design and the loci of drug resistance is also detailed. As the biochemistry of the complicated interactions between host, parasite, and vector become better understood, the rationale for new antimalarial drug treatments will continue to improve. Clearly, the homeostasis of metal ions is a complicated biochemical process and is not completely understood. For the immediate future, it does, however, provide a clear target for the development of new and improved treatments for malaria.
Building Productive Roles: Occupational Therapy in a Homeless Shelter

Project Employ is a grant-funded program providing occupational therapy services to persons who are homeless. At Project Employ productive role involvement is the primary program outcome. Choices f...
An Evaluation of Selective Depipelining for FPGA-Based Energy-Reducing Irregular Code Coprocessors

As the complexity of FPGA-based systems scales, the importance of efficiently handling irregular code increases. Recent work has proposed Irregular Code Energy Reducers (ICERs), a high-level synthesis approach for FPGAs that offers significant energy reduction for irregular code compared to a soft core processor. ICERs target the hot-spots of programs, and are seamlessly connected via a shared L1 cache with a soft processor that executes the cold code. This paper evaluates the application of the selective depipelining (SDP) technique to ICERs, which greatly reduces both the execution time and energy of irregular computations. SDP enables irregular computations to be expressed as large, fast, low-power combinational blocks. SDP maintains high memory bandwidth by scheduling the many potentially dependent memory operations within these blocks onto a high-frequency, highly-multiplexed coherent memory while scheduling combinational operations at a much lower frequency. SDP is a key enabler for improving the execution properties of irregular computations that are difficult to parallelize. We show that applying SDP to ICERs reduces energy-delay by 2.62× relative to ICERs. ICERs with SDP are up to 2.38× faster than a soft core processor and reduce energy consumption by up to 15.83× for a variety of irregular applications.
Hydrate Research-From Correlations to a Knowledge-based Discipline: The Importance of Structure

: This contribution gives a short historical perspective on the development of fundamental knowledge about gas hydrates, and how such fundamental knowledge is important for a variety of problems related to hydrate prevention (pipelines), hydrate formation (CO2 sequestration), or hydrate decomposition (permafrost or marine natural gas hydrates). It is shown that early correlations derived from measurements on hydrates, many of which were made as early as the 1800s, could not be understood properly until around 1950 when X-ray diffraction measurements gave a structural understanding of the materials we now know as clathrates, or host-guest materials. In turn, this led to a statistical mechanical description and a thermodynamic model that has considerable predictive power. Recently, it has become apparent that there is considerable complexity and subtlety in the relationship between structure and the size of the hydrate formers once more than a single species is present. This emphasizes the need to obtain structural information together with thermodynamic measurements, especially in multicomponent systems. Such developments have encouraged the adoption of additional structural techniques such as NMR and vibrational spectroscopy. Current interest in hydrate formation and decomposition requires the adaptation and development of new approaches that allow the acquisition of time-resolved structural information. Furthermore, an understanding of the morphology of hydrate crystals and how to modify this morphology, as well as understanding of interfacial properties, are all key to learning how to control hydrates. Although a great deal of progress has been made, much remains to be learned.
HIV Therapy and Diabetes Risk

The use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has yielded dramatic clinical benefits for individuals with HIV infection. Benefits include suppression of viral load, improvement in CD4 lymphocyte counts, decrease in the number of opportunistic infections and length of hospital stay, and reduction in AIDS-related mortality (1,2). These advantages have come at the price of increased incidence of unanticipated adverse metabolic effects, including insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and lipodystrophy (2). The clinical presentation of antiretroviral-associated diabetes is consistent with that of type 2 diabetes, and evidence of islet autoimmunity is distinctly uncommon in patients with antiretroviral-associated diabetes (3). Early studies fostered the understanding that inclusion of HIV-1 protease inhibitors most likely accounts for the adverse metabolic effects. The association between protease inhibitors and diabetes was further strengthened by studies showing that switching patients to other regimens improved the hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia observed during use of protease inhibitor–containing regimens. Focusing almost exclusively on the role …
Graduated quizzes in a diabetes mellitus therapeutics module and impact on student learning

Abstract Objective To design a module that students reacted favorably to on diabetes mellitus medications that increases student retention of medication names (including brand and generic), mechanism of action, indications, side-effects (Black Box Warnings), route (and dose), and aids them in their ability to apply that knowledge to "real-world" patient cases. Design A graduated series of quizzes was created at three different levels based on Bloom's Taxonomy. Each quiz was opened once for students, followed by in-class feedback, and then re-opened for mastery. Assessment Students were surveyed and interviewed to better understand their use of and reactions to the graduated quizzes. Quiz and exam scores were also collected and analyzed. Conclusions Students responded favorably to this method of quiz taking. While there was no direct correlation between exam score and number or duration of quiz attempts in the population under study, nearly all students (about 95%) took the quizzes until they received a perfect score and many (about 36%) continued to use the quizzes as study guides. Culminating exam scores were compared between two student populations: students in the present study, who were given the graduated quizzes, were compared with students from the previous year, who were not given the mastery quizzes. The t -test showed a difference at the significance level of 0.05 in the scores for those who were given the graduated quizzes ( M = 84.24, SD=9.94), as compared to those who took the class before the graduated quizzes were instituted ( M = 82.58, SD=10.44), p = 0.05.
Globalization and Its Implications for Domestic Governance, Policy-making, and Administration

(1996). Globalization and Its Implications for Domestic Governance, Policy-making, and Administration. Korean Review of Public Administration: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 29-53.
Important Considerations for Addressing LGBT Health Care Competency

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Finding the Perfect Doctor: Identifying Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender-Competent Physicians" by J. Khalili, L. Leung, and A. Diamant which appears in a 2015 issue of the journal, and it mentions U.S. medical care.
Optimizing continuity-of-care opportunities to reduce health risks: shared qualitative perspectives from CJDATS 2 research

Current Texas Christian University (TCU) research focuses on reducing risk for relapse and other health-related behaviors associated with HIV, HBV, and HCV. The WaySafe curriculum was developed for prisoners in the last phase of their substance abuse treatment before transitioning back to the community, and was designed to improve decisionmaking and recognizing and planning for risky situations. A critical next step is to shift the setting from incarceration to a community setting with probationers during the high-risk transition period after release from prison or completion of residential or intensive outpatient substance abuse treatment. Literature supports the importance of prevention programs [1] as part of the continuity-of-care for offenders and probationers in addressing some service gaps (in the continuum), which are widely recognized to reduce the likelihood of successful client outcomes [2,3]. The purpose of this presentation is to provide evidence from the recently completed second phase of the Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (CJDATS 2), with insight from key stakeholders that informs the relevance of continuity-of-care and the significant role that community corrections and community-based health-care agencies fulfill in transitioning probationers from incarceration to home. These qualitative results come from two protocols conducted as part of CJDATS 2: HIV Services and Treatment Implementation in Corrections (HIV-STIC) and Medication-Assisted Treatment in Community Corrections Environments (MATICCE). The organizational-level findings reflect the opinions and views of criminal justice personnel and health-care providers—agencies in partnership with TCU in HIV-STIC and MATICCE. In CJDATS 2, stakeholders participated in an implementation research initiative, utilizing a change team strategy to identify and implement improvements to service delivery. In both HIV-STIC and MATICCE, the services delivery continuum incorporated elements of prison-based services and transition to community-based services in their respective areas. Qualitative results highlight the important contributions of community correction agencies, their direct contact to probationers, and their ability to facilitate linkages to service providers. Findings are discussed, emphasizing the importance of staff commitment and interorganizational relationships in continuity-of-care from prison to community as essential components to optimizing services to probationers.
Agent-based simulation of large tumors in 3-D microenvironments

Multicellular simulations of tumor growth in complex 3-D tissues, where data come from high content in vitro and bioengineered experiments, have gained significant attention by the cancer modeling community in recent years. Agent-based models are often selected for these problems because they can directly model and track cells' states and their interactions with the microenvironment. We describe PhysiCell, a specific agent-based model that includes cell motion, cell cycling, and cell volume changes. The model has been performance tested on systems of 10^5 cells on desktop computers, and is expected to scale to 10^6 or more cells on single super-computer compute nodes. We plan an open source release of the software in early 2016 at PhysiCell.MathCancer.org.
Unemployment and crime: the role of apprehension

An increase in the unemployment rate decreases the opportunity cost of crime and increases the crime rate according to standard microeconomics models. However, a large body of empirical research has shown that an increase in unemployment may increase or decrease crime. By incorporating the return to crime into standard economic models, this paper shows that an increase in unemployment, as in recessions, decreases the opportunity cost of crime and the return to crime as well. As a result, the effect of unemployment on crime is ambiguous and depends on the apprehension rate. An increase in the unemployment rate tends to decrease the crime rate at lower apprehension rates, but to increase it at higher apprehension rates. An increase in the generosity of unemployment insurance benefits does not necessarily reduce the crime rate, and the effect of more generous unemployment insurance on crime depends again on the apprehension rate.
Sleep patterns of a primarily obese sample of treatment-seeking children.

Study Objectives:To examine the sleep patterns and the role of day of the week and school break in these patterns within a primarily obese sample of children.Methods:Participants included 143 obese...
Can a Diary Encourage Others to be Citizen Scientists

Review of: Diary of a Citizen Scientist Chasing Tiger Beetles and Other New Ways of Engaging the World; Sharman Apt Russell; (2014). Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, OR. 222 pages.
Implementation of a Non-Equilibrium Exergy Analysis for an Aircraft Thermal Management System

System optimization and design of an aircraft is required to achieve multiple objectives. Often one of the main objectives is system efficiency for reduction in fuel use for a given mission. System efficiency can be quantified by either a 1st or 2nd law thermodynamic analysis. A 2nd law exergy analysis can provide a more robust means of accounting for all of the energy flows within and in between subsystems. These energy flows may be thermal, chemical, electrical, pneumatic, etc. The incorporation of a transient system analysis in the design process of an aircraft can provide untapped opportunities for gains in energy efficiency of the aircraft's operation. In order to quantify the efficiency gains utilizing a 2nd law exergy analysis, the non-equilibrium term of exergy generation must be accounted for in the analysis. This paper demonstrates the implementation of a non-equilibrium exergy analysis of a heat exchanger.
A Full-Space Method with Matrix Aggregates for Stress-Constrained Structural Optimization

Stress-constrained structural optimization is challenging due to the nature of the local stress constraints that must be imposed point-wise everywhere within the structural domain. These constraints lead to optimization problems for which classical reduced-space methods scale poorly with increasing number of local stress constraints. To address this issue, a full-space barrier method is developed which is designed for problems with large numbers of constraints. Within this method, local stress constraints are formulated as matrix inequalities using convex optimization methods. Matrix aggregates are introduced which aggregate local stress constraints formulated as linear matrix inequalities. The advantage of the linear matrix inequality formulation is that the resulting stress constraints are convex in both the design and state variables, where non-convexity enters only through the governing equations. The proposed method is demonstrated on a plane stress problem.
Ribosome Crystals in Necrotizing Cells from the Posterior Necrotic Zone of the Developing Chick Limb

Ribosome and ‘protein crystals" were observed in electron micrographs of degenerating cells from the posterior necrotic zone (PNZ) of developing chick limbs, stages 22 through 24. Ribosome crystals were made up of basic units of 4 ribosomes arranged in a square tetramer. They were monomorphic with the surface lattice being of the p4 plane group. The 1-ribosome-thick sheets of crystals were often seen stacked upon one another forming a 3-dimensional P422 configuration. The percentage of crystallized ribosomes within degenerating PNZ cells is nearly directly proportional to the degree of degeneration of the cell. Crystals identical to this have been observed in numerous types of embryonic chick cells subjected to hypothermia. The ‘protein crystals’ were composed of straight filamentous structures separated by a distance of 20-30 nm. They were always closely associated with the ribosome crystals. These crystals are similar to those seen in cells treated with high doses of vinblastine and vincristine. The pathogenesis of the ribosome and protein crystals occurring in degenerating PNZ cells is unknown. They are not associated in any way with hypothermia or vinblastine-vincristine treatment.
The positive association of Association for Academic Surgery membership with academic productivity.

Background To evaluate the academic productivity and National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding of members of the Association for Academic Surgery (AAS).
La madurez de la democracia deliberativa

Reviso tres maneras diferentes como los ideales de la democracia deliberativa han cambiado a la luz de las preocupaciones practicas sobre su viabilidad, es decir, haciendo cada vez mas importante el problema de como este ideal puede acercarse a sociedades caracterizadas por profundos desacuerdos, problemas sociales de enorme complejidad e instrumentos inoperantes en sus instituciones existentes. En primer lugar, las teorias de la democracia deliberativa enfatizan el proceso mismo de la deliberacion, y no sus condiciones y procedimientos ideales y contrafacticos. En segundo lugar, los democratas deliberativos se interesan cada vez mas en los problemas de la institucionalizacion, en hacer del voto, la regla de mayorias, la representacion, los tribunales y el derecho constitucional, instituciones mas deliberativas, en pro de una mayor democracia directa. En tercer lugar, los deliberativistas se ocupan de examinar y comparar los diferentes escenarios y procedimientos de la deliberacion, senalando problemas empiricos y obstaculos que no siempre pueden anticiparse al recurrir unicamente a argumentos conceptuales.
230Th/234U and 14C dating of Quaternary carbonate deposits of Saurashtra, India — Comments

Commentaire sur l'article de Baskaran M. et al., 1989 . Chem. Geol. (Isot. Geosci. Sect.), 79: 65-82 et reponse de l'auteur.
Will climate change leave some desert bat species thirstier than others

Abstract The combined effects of global climate change and increased anthropogenic use of free water are likely to cause decreases in availability and surface area of water in arid environments. Climate change and water loss are predicted to alter community dynamics, but identifying mechanisms underlying differential responses of species remains a critical conservation challenge. Bats drink in flight and rely on accessible water sources, yet the ability to access water is a function of flight maneuverability. By reducing the size of water sources (to simulate predicted water loss due to climate change/increased human use), we demonstrated species-specific responses by desert bats based on differences in morphology and flight maneuverability. Under natural conditions, less-maneuverable bats selected larger water sources while maneuverable bats exhibited no preference. When we experimentally reduced surface area, larger, less-maneuverable bats experienced a 69% decrease in the proportion of drinking attempts that were successful ( p
Systemic Therapy for Colon Cancer

Systemic treatments for patients with colon cancer has expanded broadly beyond 5-fluorouracil based chemotherapy. For early stage colon cancer patients who are considering adjuvant chemotherapy, multiple factors such as the risk of disease recurrence, absolute survival benefit of chemotherapy, treatment toxicity, and patient comorbid medical conditions must be taken into account. In the metastatic setting, biomarkers such as KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutation, microsatellite instability status, and left- versus right-sided colon cancer have helped oncologists to tailor systemic treatment regimens, which include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
Hydron transfer catalyzed by triosephosphate isomerase. Products of isomerization of dihydroxyacetone phosphate in D2O.

The product distributions for the reactions of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) in D2O at pD 7.9 catalyzed by triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) from chicken and rabbit muscle were determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy using glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase to trap the first-formed products of the thermodynamically unfavorable isomerization reaction, (R)-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) and [2(R)-2H]-GAP (d-GAP). Three products were observed from the reactions catalyzed by TIM: GAP from isomerization with intramolecular transfer of hydrogen (18% of the enzymatic products), d-GAP from isomerization with incorporation of deuterium from D2O into C-2 of GAP (43% of the enzymatic products), and [1(R)-2H]-DHAP (d-DHAP) from incorporation of deuterium from D2O into C-1 of DHAP (40% of the enzymatic products). The ratios of the yields of the deuterium-labeled products d-DHAP and d-GAP from partitioning of the intermediate of the TIM-catalyzed reactions of GAP and DHAP in D2O are 1.48 and 0.93, respectively. This provides evidence that the reaction of these two substrates does not proceed through a single, common, reaction intermediate but, rather, through distinct intermediates that differ in the bonding and arrangement of catalytic residues at the enediolate O-1 and O-2 oxyanions formed on deprotonation of GAP and DHAP, respectively.
Land Use Policy and the Symbolic Politics of Environmental Conflict

Environmental quality issues often appear to be discussed in a way that is not amenable to rational analysis or traditional understanding of political behavior. These issues have another kind of rationality, however, in terms of their symbolic or cultural meaning—a fact that planners have frequently failed to understand. This chapter explores the political consequences of this failure and offers some ideas as to how the land use professions can improve their capacity to deal with symbolic meanings. The argument is developed with the aid of a story about a seemingly irrational political decision that sabotages, in the name of open space, a carefully worked out and costly redevelopment project for the former site of Les Halles Market in Paris.
Nobody Can Take Our Story: Competing Representational Narratives of Immigrants without Legal Status

This paper explores the power of representation within the context of undocumented immigrants’ uncertain future in the United States. Guided by forty oral history interviews with undocumented immigrant narrators conducted in New York City, I trace the origins and evolution of reclaimant narratives, that is, the experiential, partial, public, oppositional, and incondensable stories that the narrators use to assert their right to speak and to reframe audience understanding. This project elucidates how the narrators interpret and respond to the thematic commonalities in mainstream portrayals of undocumented immigrants in United States discourse, and how, given the power of representation, these portrayals come to have an outsized effect on the national conversation about immigration. I synthesize existing scholarly analyses of mediated portrayals of immigrants, and put the interviewees into conversation with foundational scholars of media’s persuasive potential and limitations. The narrators testify to how their encounters with secondhand mediated portrayals of immigrants influence their decisions about whether to cultivate a public voice and participate in firsthand narrative immigrant activism. Ultimately, this work offers a critical exploration of the ways undocumented immigrants harness the power of storytelling as a means of self-actualization to mitigate the fear and uncertainty of life without legal status and to advocate for immigration reform.
Cell-Based Therapy Restores Olfactory Function in an Inducible Model of Hyposmia

Stem cell-based therapies have been proposed as a strategy to replace damaged tissues, especially in the nervous system. A primary sensory modality, olfaction, is impaired in 12% of the US population, but lacks treatment options. We report here the development of a novel mouse model of inducible hyposmia and demonstrate that purified tissue-specific stem cells delivered intranasally engraft to produce olfactory neurons, achieving recovery of function. Adult mice were rendered hyposmic by conditional deletion of the ciliopathy-related IFT88 gene in the olfactory sensory neuron lineage and following experimentally induced olfactory injury, received either vehicle or stem cell infusion intranasally. Engraftment-derived olfactory neurons were identified histologically, and functional improvements were measured via electrophysiology and behavioral assay. We further explored mechanisms in culture that promote expansion of engraftment-competent adult olfactory basal progenitor cells. These findings provide a basis for translational research on propagating adult tissue-specific sensory progenitor cells and testing their therapeutic potential.
Career Counselling with Soul

As the world of work continues changing and evolving so must career counsellors. Previous approaches to career counselling have focused on decision-making and standardized assessments, but today’s worker is searching for work that is meaningful and gives them hope. In this chapter, we discuss career counselling with soul, an approach to career counselling rooted in helping clients clarify their authentic self and explore how to live authentically in the workplace. We also discuss the role of meaning and hope in work, identify the tenets of the action hope model, and present strategies for self-clarity, self-reflection, and implementing career counselling with soul.
Current Tasks and Challenges for Exhaust Aftertreatment Research. A Viewpoint from the Automotive Industry

Automotive emission control through modern engine design and active exhaust gas aftertreatment has reached a very high technological level. This led to a considerable decrease of exhaust emissions from automobiles in the last years, despite continuous increase of vehicle numbers and kilometres travelled. Nevertheless, a number of challenges for scientists and engineers remain, to develop further improved catalyst materials and exhaust aftertreatment systems. The paper describes the state of the art of exhaust aftertreatment and the major technological paths that will be followed in further development. It concentrates mainly on aftertreatment systems to achieve near zero emissions for vehicles in especially emissions sensitive regions and on exhaust aftertreatment technologies for lean burn engines, with a special emphasis on nitrogen oxides and particulates. These engines and therefore these aftertreatment systems will be mandatory to fulfil the requirements on CO2 reduction.
Failure mode and effects analysis of linac-based liver stereotactic body radiotherapy.

Purpose Although stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is an attractive noninvasive approach for liver irradiation, it presents specific challenges associated with respiration-induced liver motion, daily tumor localization due to liver deformation, and poor visualization of target with respect to adjacent normal liver in computed tomography (CT). We aim to identify potential hazards and develop a set of mitigation strategies to improve the safety of our liver SBRT program, using failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA). Materials and methods A multidisciplinary group consisting of two physicians, three physicists, two dosimetrists, and two therapists was formed. A process map covering ten major stages of the liver SBRT program from the initial diagnosis to posttreatment follow-up was generated. A total of 102 failure modes (FM), together with their causes and effects, were identified. The occurrence (O), severity (S), and lack of detectability (D) were independently scored using a scale from 1 (lowest risk) to 10 (largest risk). The ranking was done using the risk probability number (RPN) defined as the product of average O, S, and D numbers for each mode. Two fault tree analyses were performed. The failure modes with the highest RPN values as well as highest severity score were considered for investigation and a set of mitigation strategies was developed to address these. Results The median RPN (RPNmed ) values for all modes ranged from of 9 to 105 and the highest median S score (Smed ) was 8. Fourteen FMs were identified to be significant by both RPNmed and Smed (top ten RPNmed ranked and highest Smed FMs) and 12 of them were considered for risk mitigation efforts. The remaining two were omitted due to either sufficient checks already in place, or lack of practical mitigation strategies. Implemented measures consisted of five physics tasks, two physician tasks, and three workflow changes. Conclusions The application of FMEA to our liver SBRT program led to the identification of potential FMs and allowed improvement measures to enhance the safety of our clinical practice.
The role of coping strategies in the pathway between child maltreatment and internalizing and externalizing behaviors

Abstract Background Child maltreatment has been repeatedly linked to internalizing and externalizing disorders, though few studies have examined the mechanisms of this pathway. Furthermore, children cope with difficult demands from their environments in a variety of ways, using emotion-focused (e.g., crying and verbal aggression), avoidant (e.g., disengaging), or problem-focused (e.g., seeking help from an adult) strategies. Objective The current investigation examined if the coping strategies children employ when faced with everyday environmental stresses are a potential mechanism in the pathway between child maltreatment and internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Participants and setting Participants included 198 maltreated and 222 non-maltreated children ages 4–12 who attended a day summer camp for 2 consecutive years. Methods The study utilized a longitudinal design by following the children at two time points to determine if coping at Time 1 mediated the pathway between maltreatment and internalizing and externalizing symptoms at Time 2 (measured one year later). Results Results from path analyses showed that maltreatment was associated with increased emotion-focused (b = .20, SE = .05, p Conclusions The results highlight the impact maltreatment can have on coping strategies and that these strategies can play an important role in the development of psychopathology. This has important implications for clinicians, who could integrate reducing emotion-focused coping into intervention efforts for maltreated children