cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Classification and feature selection with fused conditionally dependent binary valued features

In this paper, the Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm (BDRA) is compared to several neural networks to demonstrate classification performance and feature selection for fused binary valued features, where the statistical dependency (i.e., correlation or redundancy) between the relevant features of each class is varied. The BDRA uses the probability of error, conditioned on the training data, and a "greedy" approach (similar to a backward sequential feature search) for reducing irrelevant features from the data. Results are shown by plotting the probability of error as a function of the conditional probability between adjacent relevant features, where the number of relevant features is varied. In general, it is demonstrated that the performance difference between the BDRA and the neural networks depends on the statistical dependency between the features.
Hearing Screening of High-Risk Newborns with Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials: A Follow-Up Study.

Numerous techniques have been used in attempts to find a reliable and efficient screening method for determining auditory function in the newborn. The brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) is the latest method advocated for that purpose. The BAEP was evaluated as a hearing screening test in 168 high-risk newborns between 35 and 45 weeks of conceptual age. Follow-up data were obtained after 1 year (mean 17.3 months) on 134 of the infants (80%). Normal hearing was defined as a reproducible response in both ears to a 25 dB normal hearing level (nHL) click stimulus; 21 infants (12.5%) failed the initial screening test. Follow-up on 19/21 infants revealed 18 infants with normal hearing and one infant with an 80 dB nHL bilateral hearing loss substantiated. One infant with an abnormal screening test died before retesting, and the other infant was lost to follow-up but had only a unilaterally abnormal BAEP. None of the infants with a normal BAEP screening study had evidence of hearing loss on retesting. Sensitivity of the BAEP was 100%, specificity was 86%, predictive value of a positive test was 5.26%, and the predictive value of a negative test was 100%. The incidence of significant hearing loss in our population was between 0.75% (1/134 infants) confirmed, and 2.24% (3/134 infants) including infants who failed screening but were lost to follow-up. The BAEP is a sensitive procedure for the early identification of hearing-impaired newborns. However, the yield of significant hearing abnormalities was less than predicted in other studies using BAEP for newborn hearing screening.
Evaluation of abnormal cervical cytology during pregnancy with colposcopy.

Abstract During a 6 1/2 year study period the authors used colposcopy to evaluate 174 pregnant patients with abnormal cervical cytology. The technique of colposcopy proved safe, accurate, and effective in determining the presence or absence of cervical cancer in the pregnant patient's cervix. Colposcopy is mandatory for the evaluation of abnormal cervical cytology during pregnancy.
TCAD analysis of FinFET stress engineering for CMOS technology scaling

In this paper, we analyze the mechanical stress induced from source/drain embedded SiGe (eSiGe) in multiple generations of FinFET technologies. By leveraging TCAD simulations, we show that high stress over the entire fin height could be achieved with a proper design of the eSiGe cavity. We also find that the stress should not undergo any reduction as the industry continues to scale down CMOS technologies. Hence, it should still play a major role in boosting semiconductor device performance for the next generation of FinFETs.
Xpress Transport Protocol version 4

The Xpress Transport Protocol (XTP) has been designed to support a variety of applications ranging from real-time embedded systems to multimedia distribution to applications distributed over a wide area network. In a single protocol it provides all the classic functionality of TCP, UDP, and TP4, plus new services such as transport multicast, multicast group management, transport layer priorities, traffic descriptions for quality-of-service negotiation, rate and burst control, and selectable error and flow control mechanisms. XTP has the same interconnectivity as TCP/UDP/TP4 because it operates over any network layer (IP, CLNP), any datalink layer (LLC, MAC), or directly on top of the AAL of ATM. In general, XTP avoids coupling policy with mechanism; XTP offers services but the user's application defines what communications paradigm is most appropriate for its particular environment. XTP is a high performance protocol, and can sustain high throughput (92 Mbits/s over FDDI between a pair of IBM RS/6000 model 370s) and low latency (350 /spl mu/s to move 100 bytes from user memory to user memory on two 50 MHz PCs connected by FDDI). Since XTP can run in parallel with all other transport protocols, and can run over whatever network layer (if any) is provided, it represents a low-risk way to exploit the increased functionality required for distributed applications without sacrificing connectedness or interoperability.
Prophylaxis and Treatment of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major obstacle to successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The ability to prevent GVHD—the application of successful prophylaxis—is crucial as treatment when prophylaxis fails or remains suboptimal. A calcineurin inhibitor in combination with methotrexate is still the mainstream regimen for prophylaxis of GVHD. Despite a steady increase in the repertoire of available drugs, corticosteroids remain the first-line therapy for patients who fail prevention and develop GVHD. Pan T-cell depletion studies suggest that success in prophylaxis and treatment of GVHD will depend on whether GVHD can be prevented without losing anti-malignancy and anti-infectious effects. Better understanding of the allogeneic response that is responsible for GVHD will facilitate the development of such an approach.
Viscosities of aqueous solutions of dipolar ions

Abstract The relative viscosities of aqueous solutions of the 12 dipolar ions sarcosine, hydroxyproline, proline, ϵ-aminocaproic acid, glutathione, sulfamic acid, taurine, glycine, betaine, serine, glycylglycine, and triglycine have been determined at 30 °, 35 °, and 40 °. The viscosity B-coefficient, always positive, decreases with temperature for the first 5 dipolar ions and increases with temperature for the last 7. It is argued that the sign of the temperature dependence of the B-coefficient provides a more satisfactory measure of the structure-making or structure-breaking effects of solute on solvent than the sign of the B-coefficient.
Herpes simplex virus seropositivity and reactivation at delivery among pregnant women infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1

Abstract Objective: Our purpose was to determine whether pregnant women infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 have an increased risk of herpes simplex virus-2 seropositivity and herpes simplex virus reactivation at delivery. Study design: Sixty women infected with human immunodeficiency virus and 8408 other patients who were delivered at the University of Washington between 1989 and 1995 had herpes simplex virus serologic determinations at delivery. Genital herpes simplex virus cultures were obtained for 48 (80%) of the human immunodeficiency virus–infected women and 5567 (66%) of the controls. Logistic regression was used to adjust for possible confounding factors. Results: Forty-five (75%) of human immunodeficiency virus–infected women and 2709 (32%) controls were seropositive for herpes simplex virus-2 ( p p Conclusions: Infection with herpes simplex virus-2 is common among pregnant women infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Herpes simplex virus reactivation complicates labor in this group more often than in other obstetric patients. The role of herpes simplex virus in perinatal human immunodeficiency virus transmission warrants further study. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;177:450-4.)
A Least Weight Circular Cooling Fin

The design of the least weight circular cooling fin is obtained through an application of the Minimum Principle. The fin temperature, thickness, and heat flux are considered to be functions only of the radius. Solutions are obtained for the exact one-dimensional representation and also for the approximate case where the profile curvature is neglected in the convection calculation. A regularization technique is used to avoid computational difficulties, especially near the tip where the fin thickness becomes vanishingly small. In the exact case, an additional degree of freedom allows the selection of the fin root dimension. This flexibility suggests the possibility of optimization in a parameter, the root dimension; this was done by using a pattern search technique. Closed form results are given for the approximate case. For kθo /qo = 100, the fin design obtained in the exact case is about 20 percent shorter and contains about 1 percent to 2 percent less material than the fin obtained in the approximate case.
Position sensing using integrated VCSEL and PIN photodectors

The integration of VCSELs with p-type/intrinsic/n-type (PIN) photodetectors has enabled many applications, primarily in communications links. VCSELs as optical encoders can act as non-interfering and non-contact, long-range position sensors. In this work, we analyze the use of an integrated VCSEL and non-spectrally selective PIN photodetectors in conjunction with a metallic corrugation (grating) as a lateral position sensor.
Comment on the intensity and the temperature dependence of the nitrogen-broadened half-width of the P/6/ line in the CO fundamental

Abstract The recent line-center absorption coefficient measurements on the P(6) line of the CO fundamental have been shown to be consistent with Sv(T) = 273(273/T)cm-2atm-1 and γ0(T) = 0.0652(300/T)0.66 for the absolute intensity of the band and the nitrogen-broadened line width in the temperature range 300–800°K.
Thinking Spatially: Teaching an Undervalued Practice Skill

Spatial thinking, which is taught and practiced in many of the social sciences, is a skill that is often overlooked in the social work curriculum. Spatial thought increases perception, logic, and organized cognition of goals and therefore holds promise for social work practice. Developing skills in spatial thought offers social workers additional tools for problem solving at all practice levels. Finally, thinking spatially raises awareness of problem-solving techniques in relation to environmental resources, a key aspect of systems theory. Fortunately, spatial thinking can be easily integrated into a variety of social work classes helping students master the skill and understand its importance. This article defines and describes spatial thinking, explores its fit in various areas of the social work curriculum, and discusses ways its use can be encouraged.
Effect of ambient temperature and light intensity on physiological reactions of heavy broiler chickens

The effects of ambient temperature, light intensity, and their interaction on blood acid-base balance, metabolites, and electrolytes in broiler chickens under environmentally controlled conditions were examined in 2 trials. The experiment consisted of a factorial arrangement of treatments in a randomized complete block design. The 9 treatments consisted of 3 levels of temperatures (low = 15.6°C; moderate = 21.1°C; high = 26.7°C) from 21 to 56 d of age and 3 levels of light intensities (0.5, 3.0, 20 lx) from 8 to 56 d of age at 50% RH. A total of 540 Ross 708 chicks were randomly distributed into 9 environmentally controlled chambers (30 male and 30 female chicks/chamber) at 1 d of age. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Venous blood samples were collected on d 21 (baseline), 28, 42, and 56. High ambient temperature significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced BW, partial pressure of CO(2), bicarbonate, hematocrit, hemoglobin, K(+), and Na(+) along with significantly (P ≤ 0.05) elevated pH level, Cl(-), glucose, osmolality, and anion gap concentrations. Partial pressure of O(2) was slightly increased in response to increased ambient temperature. There was no effect of light intensity on most of the blood variables examined. Acid-base regulation during high ambient temperature and light intensity exposure did not deteriorate despite a lower partial pressure of CO(2), which consequently increased blood pH because of a compensatory decrease in HCO(3)(-) concentration. Plasma corticosterone was not affected by temperature, light intensity, or their interaction. These results indicate that continuous exposure of broiler chickens to varying light intensities had a minor effect on physiological blood variables, whereas high ambient temperature markedly affected various blood variables without inducing stress in broilers.
Environment and development: Implementing the World Bank's new policies

Abstract Since the reorganization of the World Bank in 1987, increasing attention has been given to environmental matters. The main centers of action in the Bank are the Environmental Department in the Vice Presidency, Planning, Policy and Research, focusing on policy, research and operational support and Environmental Divisions in each of the four regions under the Vice Presidency Operations. Although the World Bank does not have a special policy pertaining to wetlands, many of its guidelines and policies have direct implications for wetland conservation and management. The concept of sustainable development based on renewable natural resource exploitation is analyzed and the conclusion is drawn that without a major change in the definition of development, this is unlikely to be a viable concept. Finally four different models of integrating conservation with development and the World Bank's role in financing these are discussed.
The tempting illusion of genetic virtue.

Mark Walker has put forth a proposal which he calls the Genetic Virtue Program or GVP, whose kernel is that it is both possible and desirable to improve virtue by preimplantation selection or in utero engineering. Walker lists caveats to his thesis, although he consistently implies that their validity is doubtful by stating at each instance that he is including them “merely for the sake of completeness.”
Multiplicity in lean NOX traps

Abstract Multiplicity was experimentally observed during steady-state and periodic lean NO X reduction with propylene on a model Pt/BaO/alumina monolithic catalyst. The dependencies of the monolith temperature, hydrocarbon and NO X conversion were determined as a function of feed temperature in both steady-state and periodic operation. The nonisothermal multiplicity is attributed to the exothermic propylene oxidation and thermal feedback in the solid phase. The steady-state NO X conversion achieves a maximum within the region of multiplicity and very near the extinction point. Periodic experiments, which involve switching between lean and rich operation, reveal an expanding region of multiple states as the amount of propylene is increased by increasing the rich pulse duration. A NO X trap reactor model confirms the existence of multiple branches of states during both steady-state and periodic operation, and captures the main trends that are experimentally observed.
Bias or Responsivity? Sex and Achievement-Level Effects on Teachers' Classroom Questioning Practices

The authors examined rates of both teacher responsiveness and student participation in the classroom question-asking context. Participants were 165 students and their teachers in 6 science classrooms. Teachers in 3 of the 6 classrooms called on male students to answer questions more often than would have been expected on the basis of the number of boys in the classroom. In none of the classrooms, however, did teachers call on boys more often than would be expected on the basis of the heightened volunteering rates of their male students. No systematic sex or achievement-level differences were found in the types of questions that students responded to. These findings suggest the need to focus on the role that both teachers and their students play in creating and maintaining sex differences in the teacher-student interaction context.
The relative brightness of PEG lipid-conjugated polymer nanoparticles as fluid-phase markers in live cells

While conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) have been widely touted as ultra-bright labels for biological imaging, no direct comparative measurements of their intracellular brightness have been reported. Simple in vitro comparisons are not definitive since fluorophore brightness in vitro may not correspond with intracellular brightness. We have compared the fluorescence brightness of J774A.1 cells loaded with 24 nm methoxy-capped 2,000 M r polyethylene glycol lipid PFBT nanoparticles (PEG lipid-PFBT CPNs) to cells loaded with carboxy-functionalized quantum dots (Qdots) or a dextran-linked small molecule organic dye, Alexa Fluor 488 dextran (AF488-dex). Under conditions likely to be used for biological imaging or flow cytometry, these CPNs are 175× brighter than Qdots and 1,400× brighter than AF488-dex in cells. Evaluation of the minimum incubation concentration required for detection of nanoparticle fluorescence with a commercial flow cytometer indicated that the limit of detection for PEG lipid-PFBT CPNs was 19 pM (86 ppb), substantially lower than values obtained for Qdots (980 pM) or AF488-dex (11.2 nM). Investigation of the mechanism of cellular uptake of the three fluid-phase labels indicates that these particles are passively taken into macrophage cells via macropinocytosis without interaction with cell surface receptors, and ultimately localize in lysosomes. In addition, no cytotoxicity could be observed at any of the CPN concentrations tested. Together, these data suggest that these CPNs are appropriate and attractive candidates as fluid-phase markers with significantly greater fluorescence brightness than existing dyes or nanoparticles. We expect that these CPNs will find application in both imaging and flow cytometry.
Multiculturalism and Education for Citizenship in a Context of Neoliberalism.

Multicultural education usually arises from a concern that schools prepare young people for constructive public participation as citizens in a diverse society that is struggling with equity issues. Conventional multicultural education, which I will critique, tends to assume a liberal conception of citizenship that is based on individualism and a simplistic analysis of how power works. I will argue that the growing reach of neoliberalism requires reframing multicultural education and citizenship education. Neoliberalism can be understood as a ‘restoration of elite power’ in which increased privatization and market competition is eroding a sense of the public, linking education more firmly to the needs of large corporations, and facilitating the flow of wealth and power to a small global elite. Multicultural education conceptualized as a political project of social justice that embraces a diverse public, and that links local with global struggles for equity and human rights, offers a potential counter-narra...
Spirituality and depressive symptoms in a school-based sample of adolescents: a longitudinal examination of mediated and moderated effects.

Abstract Purpose To prospectively examine whether personal agency beliefs and direct coping mediate the association between spirituality and depressive symptoms in a school-based sample of adolescents, and whether gender, race, or grade level moderate this model. Method Students ( N = 1096) from sixth through ninth grades in a northeastern public school system were administered self-report instruments in group format at baseline, 6-month follow-up, and 1-year follow-up. Demographic variables and constructs of spirituality, personal agency, direct coping, and depressive symptoms were assessed. Results Structural equation modeling was used to examine the longitudinal associations among the constructs while controlling for socioeconomic status and baseline depressive symptoms. For the total sample, the model predicted 21% of the variance in depressive symptoms over 1 year. The model was moderated by gender but not by race or grade level. The model explained 28% of the variance in depressive symptoms for girls and 16% of the variance in depressive symptoms for boys. Moreover, there was an indirect effect of spirituality on depressive symptoms for girls but not for boys. Conclusion These results suggest mechanisms by which spirituality may maintain lower levels of depressive symptoms among adolescent girls during periods of transition to middle and high school.
Optical properties of rodlike and bipyramidal gold nanoparticles from three-dimensional computations

Near- and far-field optical properties of several types of gold nanoparticle are investigated with rigorous three-dimensional computational electrodynamics. The primary focus is on the results obtained with the finite-difference time-domain method, although some results obtained with the discrete dipole approximation are also given. We first consider spheres and prolate spheroids, where analytical solutions are available for comparison. The spectra of gold nanorods and pentagonal bipyramids are then investigated and excellent agreement with recent experimental optical spectra is found. The local field enhancement $(\ensuremath{\mid}\mathbf{E}\ensuremath{\mid}∕\ensuremath{\mid}{\mathbf{E}}_{0}\ensuremath{\mid})$ is studied at the longitudinal plasmon resonance. Sharper structural features produce more significant enhancement and the largest enhancement of more than a factor of 200 is seen around the poles of the bipyramid. The fields within the nanoparticles are also studied. Whereas the field magnitude is nearly uniform within small spheres and spheroids, it can be nonuniform for nanorods and bipyramids. The field magnitude decreases from the center toward the poles in the case of nanorods, but increases rapidly in the case of bipyramids. A large internal field enhancement by more than a factor of 30 is seen for the bipyramids, which suggests that these particles will exhibit strong optical nonlinearities.
A biochemical and structural analysis of genetic diversity within the HLA-A*11 subtype

The HLA-A*11 subtype includes 17 naturally occurring variants (-A*1101 to -A*1117) distributed among different ethnic groups worldwide. At present, only HLA-A*1101 has been characterized at the molecular, structural, and immunological level. Developing similar knowledge on other HLA-A*11 alleles is highly important for bone marrow and graft transplantation. This is also important to better understand disease linkages within the HLA-A*11 subtype given that HLA-A*11 molecules are associated with resistance to acquisition of HIV-1 infection and various autoimmune diseases. To broaden our understanding of HLA-A*11 molecules, we have determined the impact of natural polymorphism on the peptide-binding properties of several HLA-A*11 molecules: -A*1103, -A*1106, -A*1108, -A*1110, -A*1111, and -A*1114. We used an approach that combines data from thermal stability studies of recombinant, soluble forms of these molecules in complex with HIV-1 peptides, together with a detailed structural analysis of the resulting HLA-A*11 molecule/peptide complexes based on crystal and molecular model structures. Our analysis shows that natural polymorphism within the HLA-A*11 subtype is distributed along the α1 and α2 helices of the peptide-binding groove, in marked contrast to the pattern of polymorphism in HLA-A*2 and HLA-B*27 subtypes. Natural polymorphism greatly altered the abilities of individual -A*11 molecules to form stable complexes with HIV-1 peptides. In comparison to -A*1101, natural polymorphism altered the peptide-presenting properties of -A*1103, -A*1108, and -A*1114 and has the potential to affect the peptide-selecting properties of -A*1106, -A*1110, and -A*1111 as well. Overall, our findings suggest that HLA-A*11 molecules may stimulate alloreactive CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell responses.
Nanovoid nucleation by vacancy aggregation and vacancy-cluster coarsening in high-purity metallic single crystals

A numerical model to estimate critical times required for nanovoid nucleation in high-purity aluminum single crystals subjected to shock loading is presented. We regard a nanovoid to be nucleated when it attains a size sufficient for subsequent growth by dislocation-mediated plasticity. Nucleation is assumed to proceed by means of diffusion-mediated vacancy aggregation and subsequent vacancy cluster coarsening. Nucleation times are computed by a combination of lattice kinetic Monte Carlo simulations and simple estimates of nanovoid cavitation pressures and vacancy concentrations. The domain of validity of the model is established by considering rate-limiting physical processes and theoretical strength limits. The computed nucleation times are compared to experiments suggesting that vacancy aggregation and cluster coarsening are feasible mechanisms of nanovoid nucleation in a specific subdomain of the pressure-strain rate-temperature space.
Experienced Teachers' Reactions to Mandated Reform and Nongraded Primary School Programs

Abstract Experienced teachers sometimes have been viewed as oppositional to education reform and as representing the problems that necessitated reform. The purpose of this study was to describe reactions from highly experienced primary-level teachers to the significant changes mandated in early elementary education by the Kentucky Education Reform Act (KERA). Two groups of teachers received questionnaires: those who retired the year after KERA was enacted and those who were eligible to retire but chose to remain in primary classrooms. The teachers' responses address several beliefs regarding reform and experienced teachers; the teachers also convey strong messages about reform in general and nongraded primary programs in particular. Finally, the teachers remind us of why they chose to work with young children across their careers.
Use of fish gill and liver tissue to monitor zinc pollution.

Many aquatic organisms bioconcentrate heavy metals such as zinc from surrounding waters. Gill and liver tissue appear to be the best tissue for analysis if fish are to be used as biomonitors of zinc pollution. The Spokane River in eastern Washington is contaminated by zinc due to mining and smeltering operations in northern Idaho. A recent analysis indicated that the zinc concentrations in the Spokane River have decreased by 50% between 1973 and 1978 from a mean annual concentration of 320 ..mu..g/l to 160 ..mu..g/l. The objective of this research was to estimate zinc bioconcentration and determine if the zinc concentrations in gill and liver tissue of these wild salmonids has decreased with the decline in ambient concentrations.
Low temperature embrittlement of Ni3(Si, Ti) alloys

Abstract Three ternary L12Ni3(Si,Ti) alloys were tensile tested in various environments at room temperature to evaluate the effect of stoichiometry on the severity of hydrogen embrittlement. In addition, three quaternary alloys, each containing 1 at% Cr were also similarly tested to verify previously reported beneficial effects of the Cr addition. The embrittlement sensitivity to hydrogen partial pressure was studied. The results of this study showed that the severity of embrittlement is strongly dependent on alloy stoichiometry, that Cr addition does not provide any direct benefit, that embrittlement is a function of the hydrogen partial pressure in the environment, and that molecular hydrogen dissociation is more critical than water vapor dissociation. Based on the data, it is argued that hydrogen ‘wetting’ of the crack tip and hydrogen penetration play a role in embrittling the alloys, the relative importance being stoichiometry-dependent.
Searchlight on Domains

In this issue of Structure , Bashton and Chothia (2007) examine in detail the functions of selected domains within proteins both when they are alone and when in combination with others. Domain function is relevant to molecular evolution and to annotation of proteins known only by sequence.
A general method for the large-scale isolation of polysomes and messenger RNA applied to MOPC 21 mouse myeloma tumors

Abstract Procedures are described for the rapid large-seale isolation of undegraded polysomes and biologically active mRNA using nitrogen cavitation for cell disruption. With these procedures, up to several hundred grams of immunoglobulin-producing MOPC 21 mouse myeloma cells or frozen tumors are readily processed into polysomal RNA in a single working day. Milligram quantities of mRNA active in stimulating translation in vitro are obtained from such large polysome preparations. While these procedures have been developed with mouse myeloma cells and tumors, they should be suitable for many other tissues and organs.
A diversity of U1 small nuclear RNAs in the silk moth Bombyx mori.

Abstract Variants of U1 small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) have been previously detected in a permanent cell line (BmN) of the silk moth Bombyx mori. In this study, the existence of U1 snRNA isoforms in the silk gland (SG) of the organism is investigated. The polyploidy (approximately 200,000X the 2N somatic value) state of the B. mori silk gland cells represents a unique system to explore the potential presence and differential expression of multiple U1 variants in a normal tissue. B. mori U1-specific RT-PCR libraries from the silk gland were generated and five U1 isoforms were isolated and characterized. Nucleotide differences, structural alterations, as well as protein and RNA interaction sites were examined in these variants and compared to the previously reported isoforms from the transformed BmN cell line. In all these SG U1 variants, variant sites and inter-species differences are located in moderately conserved regions. Substitutional or compensatory changes were found in the double stranded areas and clustered in moderately conserved regions. Some of the changes generate stronger base pairing. Calculated free energy (ΔG) values for the entire U1 snRNA secondary structures and for the individual stem/loops (I, II, III and IV) domains of the isoforms were generated and compared to determine their structural stability. Using phylogenetic analysis, an evolutionary parallelism is observed between the polymorphic sites in B. mori and variant locations found among animal and plant species.
A Network Text Analysis of Fight Club

Network Text Analysis (NTA) involves the creation of networks of words and/or concepts from linguistic data. Its key insight is that the position of words and concepts in a text network provides vital clues to the central and underlying themes of the text as a whole. Recent research has used an inductive or bottom-up approach to the question of theme extraction. In this paper we take a top-down or deductive approach in that we first establish prior expectations as to the key themes to be found in the text. We then compare and contrast the results of our network analysis with the results of literary and cultural analyses of the film Fight Club as reported in over four dozen other peer-reviewed publications. While our results are remarkably consistent with and complementary to results in those studies, our analysis permits something the others do not—an analytical framework for relating those underlying and central themes to one another.
Decay of small planar perturbations on a strong steady detonation: A differential--difference equation for the shock

In the context of the author’s mathematical analog for reactive flow, the problem of the decay of small planar perturbations on a steady overdriven detonation wave is considered. For particular choices of the reaction rate, the analysis can be carried far enough to yield a simple differential–difference equation for the shock‐state history. Analysis of this equation gives the natural frequencies and decay rates of the system and allows one to identify a ‘‘feedback length.’’ A set of sample ‘‘input’’ (applied perturbation) and corresponding ‘‘output’’ (shock‐state history) signals is presented.
Gynecological malignancy associated with nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE).

Three cases of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis associated with gynecological malignancy have been described, and the clinical aspects have been discussed. The clinical diagnosis should be made when an underlying disease, a murmur, intravascular coagulation, and an embolic phenomena are present. An attempted treatment was made with thrombolysin, steroids, and heparin.
Evaluation of evaporation by cold and humidity receptors in caterpillars.

Abstract In addition to olfactory receptors, the antennae of lepidopterous larvae bear temperature and humidity receptors. Three sensory neurons in the third segment increase their basal rate of firing as temperature falls and increase as temperature rises. They are sensitive to temperature changes caused by evaporation from cut surfaces of fresh leaves as opposed to wilted leaves. Three receptors in the region of the medial sensillum basiconicum increase their basal rate of firing in the presence of moist air and cease firing in dry air. These capacities for detecting changes in temperature and r.h. allow for mediating information to the central nervous system about turgidity of a leaf, which to the animal is an important indicator of the quality of its food.
Thermodynamic and rheological properties of rodlike polymers

Investigations on dilute and concentrated solutions of several rodlike polymers are described. The former includes absolute and intensity fluctuation light scattering, exclusion chromatography and viscometry. The latter includes rheological properties of isotropic and anisotropic solutions. The discussion includes data for four rodlike polymers, each soluble only in strong sulphonic acids. The role of electrostic interactions and molecular association on the properties measured is considered. The similarities and differences of the rheological behaviour with that typically found with flexible chain polymers are pointed out.
Wild annual Helianthus anomalus and H. deserticola for improving oil content and quality in sunflower

Within the past decade, the desire for alternative sources of fuels, chemicals, and other industrial materials has received increased attention. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) oil has the potential to be improved for nutritional and industrial purposes through selection and breeding. The narrow genetic base of cultivated sunflower has been broadened by the infusion of genes from wild species, resulting in a continuous improvement in agronomic traits. The genus Helianthus is comprised of 51 species and 19 subspecies with 14 annual and 37 perennial species. Interest in using wild species in breeding programs has increased, but concerns about the introduction of low oil concentration and quality from the wild species persist. Two annual desert species, Helianthus anomalus Blake and H. deserticola Heiser, are excellent candidates for increasing oil concentration and enhancing quality based on their adaptation to desert environments. The objective of this study was to collect achenes of H. anomalus and H. deserticola from the desert southwest USA and assess their potential for improving oil concentration and quality in cultivated sunflower. The sunflower collection took place from 16 to 23 September 2000 and covered a distance of 4100 km in three states: Utah, Arizona, and Nevada. The only H. deserticola population collected had an average oil concentration of 330 g/kg, whereas the two populations of H. anomalus had an oil concentration of 430 and 460 g/kg, the highest concentration recorded in any wild sunflower species. The linoleic fatty acid concentration in the oil of H. anomalus populations was uncharacteristically high for a desert environment, approaching 700 g/kg. A linoleic acid concentration of 540 g/kg in H. deserticola was more typical for a desert environment. H. anomalus has the largest achenes and the highest oil concentration of any wild sunflower species, and the same chromosome number (n = 17) as cultivated sunflower. These features will facilitate the introduction of genes from this wild annual progenitor into cultivated sunflower. The lower saturated fatty acid profile in this species is also a desirable trait offering the potential to reduce saturated fatty acids in cultivated sunflower. Further research will be needed to determine the inheritance of the fatty acids and oil concentration. Other agronomic traits will need to be maintained during the introgression of these traits into cultivated sunflower oil.
Magnetic resonance-based assessment of global coronary flow and flow reserve and its relation to left ventricular functional parameters: a comparison with positron emission tomography.

Background—Measurement of coronary sinus blood flow (CSF) by phase-contrast magnetic resonance (PC-MR) imaging at rest and during hyperemia may allow noninvasive assessment of global coronary hemodynamics. Methods and Results—Sixteen healthy volunteers (age, 22 to 32 years) were examined with MR and PET in random order within 1 to 2 days. At rest and during hyperemia (dipyridamole 0.56 mg/kg), CSF was measured by a cine PC-MR technique (temporal resolution, 40 ms; spatial resolution, 1.25×0.8 mm2), and myocardial blood flow (MBF) was measured by [13N]NH3 PET. PET and MR agreed closely for coronary flow reserve (CFR; mean difference, 2.2±14.7%; Bland-Altman method). CSF divided by either total left ventricular mass or an estimate of drained myocardium (LVMdrain) correlated highly with PET flow data (r=0.93 and 0.95, respectively) and with measures of oxygen demand, ie, heart rate, afterload-corrected fiber shortening, and peak systolic stress determined by MR (overall correlation coefficients, 0.81 and 0.8...
Multiparticle Generating Function and the Froissart Bound

Rigorous bounds for ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{tot}}(s)$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{el}}(s)$ in terms of the smallest zero of the multiparticle generating function are derived. It is then shown that, if the analogy between this generating function and the grand partition function of a gas can be carried through to the point of establishing analyticity properties analogous to those established by Ruelle for a classical gas, then the Froissart bound can be improved essentially by $\mathrm{ln}s$. It is pointed out that the Ruelle theorem is valid in the multiperipheral model, and the steps needed for studying it in the general case are briefly outlined.
Spectral conditions for sojourn and extreme value limit theorems for Gaussian processes

Abstract Let X ( t ), t ⩾0, be a stationary Gaussian process, and define the sojourn time L u ( t )=mes{ s :0 ⩽ s ⩽ t , X ( s )> u } and the maximum Z ( t )=max( X ( s ): 0 ⩽0⩽ s ⩽ t ). Limit theorems for the distributions of L u ( t ) and Z ( t ), for t , u → ∞, are obtained under specified conditions on the spectral density of the process. The results supplement earlier theorems obtained under suitable conditions on the covariance function.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Segmented Polyionenes Based on Polydimethylsiloxane Soft Segments

Novel polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based polyionenes were synthesized by a modified Menschutkin reaction involving reaction between bromo-terminated PDMS oligomers and various ditertiary amino compounds. In this study, the nature of the hard segment was varied by using various ditertiary amino compounds and in some cases by incorporating chain extenders, while the soft segment content was varied by changing the molecular weight of the PDMS oligomers. The mechanical properties of these materials were found to be dependent on both the nature and amount of the hard segments. These materials also showed distinct evidence of a microphase-separated morphology where under normal conditions, the hard segments formed in what are believed to be cylindrical ion-rich microdomains dispersed randomly in the soft PDMS matrix. When subjected to uniaxial deformation, the ionic cylinders were found to orient along their long axes in the stretch direction.
Localization of rat brain binding sites for [3H]tomoxetine, an enantiomerically pure ligand for norepinephrine reuptake sites

The distribution of binding sites for the potent inhibitor of norepinephrine (NE) reuptake, [3H]tomoxetine, was examined in rat brain using quantitative autoradiography. Scatchard analysis of [3H]tomoxetine-binding to slide-mounted sections of rat forebrain indicated that the ligand bound to two sites, a high-affinity site with a Kd of 0.29 nM and a lower-affinity site with a Kd of 16 nM. Pharmacological characterization of this high-affinity site was consistent with labelling a NE-uptake site in brain. Autoradiographic localization of the binding sites for [3H]tomoxetine was performed at a ligand concentration of 1 nM representing the distribution of high-affinity sites. The radioligand bound with a distribution of binding sites that was consistent with the known distribution of NE-containing neurons. The highest levels of binding were seen in regions, such as the locus coeruleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, anterior ventral nucleus of the thalamus and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Low levels were seen in regions such as the caudate-putamen, ventral tegmental area and zona reticulata of the substantia nigra, where NE-containing neurons have been reported to be low. Binding to all these sites was inhibited by 1 microM desipramine which produced autoradiograms with a uniform nonspecific binding. These results indicate that low concentrations of [3H]tomoxetine can be used to localize and characterize NE-binding sites. Further study will be necessary to determine the nature of the low-affinity binding site.
A New Four-Base Genetic Helix, yDNA, Composed of Widened Benzopyrimidine−Purine Pairs

We describe the properties of stable DNA-like self-assembled helices composed entirely of base pairs involving two new size-expanded pyrimidines. We term this new helix geometry “yDNA” (an abbreviation of “wide DNA”). The new pyrimidine analogues, yT and yC, are increased in size by benzo-homologation and have a geometry that is distinct from previous size-expanded pyrimidines. The yT and yC deoxyribosides were incorporated into oligodeoxynucleotides designed to form four pairs: yT−A, A−yT, yC−G, and G−yC. Helices were characterized by thermal denaturation, mixing data, and circular dichroism spectra. Results showed that highly stable double-stranded helices were formed in several sequence contexts. The data further showed that yT and yC could be segregated onto one strand and used to bind to natural strands of DNA with high sequence selectivity. The combination of yC, yT, G, and A make up a new selective, self-assembling four-base genetic pairing system that functions in many respects like natural DNA, ...
Clinical Assessment Tools for Target PaCO2 and PaO2: A Paradigm to Monitor Ventilation and Gas Exchange and their Variance. 969

Clinical Assessment Tools for Target PaCO2 and PaO2: A Paradigm to Monitor Ventilation and Gas Exchange and their Variance. 969
Mobilization, counter-mobilization and the politics of race

Abstract This article examines the relationships among several political phenomena that have characterized American politics during the post-Second World War era: Republican success in presidential politics, Democratic success in controlling the House of Representatives, and the political mobilization of African-American citizens. We argue that the logic of federalism and single- member districts, combined with geographically concentrated distributions of racial and ethnic groups, has rendered a spatially complex political terrain. In some parts of that terrain, race does not impinge on electoral politics but in other parts, politics revolves around race. And thus both parties' electoral fortunes are tied to coalitional constraints that are associated with particular locales, producing varying consequences for congressional and presidential elections. The empirical focus of our paper is on individual voters in presidential elections from 1952 to 1988, and in off-year congressional elections from 1958 to 1986. We are particularly concerned with the local political environments of coalition formation, and thus we engage in a multilevel analysis of voters in counties, located within particular regions.
PCDD/F and other micropollutants in MSWI crude gas and ashes during plant start-up and shut-down processes

Nonstationary combustion conditions at municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plants cause increased crude gas concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF), and other products of incomplete combustion (PIC). Such transient conditions occur, e.g., during and after start-up processes in MSWI plants. The start-up and shut-down processes of a MSWI plant were investigated in detail. PCDD/F and other PIC concentrations were determined in the crude gas, in the boiler ash, and in the ash from the electrostatic precipitator (ESP ash), with the outcome that only the start-up procedure significantly affected the concentrations of the organic pollutants in the flue gas and in the ESP ash. The shut-down procedure was evaluated as less problematic for the concentration of the organic pollutants. Moreover the concentration of the PCDD/F and other PIC in the boiler ash was determined as not influenced by shut-down and start-up processes. The homologue profiles and the congener patterns as well as the PCDF/PCDD ratio in the flue gas and in the ESP ash change during MSWI start-up. The changing patterns point at a transition from dominant de novo synthesis to precursor synthesis.
Psychotrophic phenylisopropylamines derived from apiole and dillapiole.

IT is an interesting fact that most of the known psychotropic phenylisopropylamines (amphetamines) possess ring-substitution patterns identical to those of natural essential oils. (The single exception is the active 2-methoxy - 4,5 - methylenedioxyamphetamine (MMDA-2, IId1); neither the allyl nor the propenyl counterpart has been observed in plant extracts.) Thus 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA, IIa) is related to safrole (Ia)2 (Table 1), 3,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA) to elemicin3, 3 - methoxy - 4,5 - methylenedioxyamphetamine (MMDA, IIc) to myristicin (Ic)4 (Table 1), 2,4,5-trimethoxy -amphetamine to asarone, and 2-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MMDA-3a, IIb) to croweacin (Ib) (Table 1). C. F. Barfknecht, of Idaho University, tells us that there is preliminary evidence that these olefines may be aminated in the living organism, and this reaction can be readily performed in vitro. There are two additional essential oils known that contain the methylenedioxy ring. These are apiole (Ie) and dillapiole (If) (Table 1). These two naturally occurring aromatic ethers are the two possible ring-methoxylated analogues of myristicin.
Saul Roseman: His many contributions to biochemistry over eight decades

Saul Roseman (born 1921) was the Ralph S. O'Connor Professor of Biology, Emeritus, at The Johns Hopkins University. He died of congestive heart failure on July 2, 2011 at the age of 90.
Ubiquitous Technology for Language Learning: The U-Japan Movement in Higher Education

This paper reviews the u-Japan movement and recent reforms in the higher educational system in Japan, examines the needs as well as readiness for ubiquitous learning in Japanese universities, and reports on a selection of mobile-assisted language learning projects (MALL). It analyzes the current status of ubiquitous technology applications in language learning for millennial or neomillennial learners in Japan and overseas, and discusses the issues and challenges for ubiquitous technology integration in higher education.