cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Milk Thistle Constituents Inhibit Raloxifene Intestinal Glucuronidation: A Potential Clinically Relevant Natural Product–Drug Interaction

Women at high risk of developing breast cancer are prescribed selective estrogen response modulators, including raloxifene, as chemoprevention. Patients often seek complementary and alternative treatment modalities, including herbal products, to supplement prescribed medications. Milk thistle preparations, including silibinin and silymarin, are top-selling herbal products that may be consumed by women taking raloxifene, which undergoes extensive first-pass glucuronidation in the intestine. Key constituents in milk thistle, flavonolignans, were previously shown to be potent inhibitors of intestinal UDP-glucuronosyl transferases (UGTs), with IC50s ≤ 10 μM. Taken together, milk thistle preparations may perpetrate unwanted interactions with raloxifene. The objective of this work was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of individual milk thistle constituents on the intestinal glucuronidation of raloxifene using human intestinal microsomes and human embryonic kidney cell lysates overexpressing UGT1A1, UGT1A8, and UGT1A10, isoforms highly expressed in the intestine that are critical to raloxifene clearance. The flavonolignans silybin A and silybin B were potent inhibitors of both raloxifene 4′- and 6-glucuronidation in all enzyme systems. The Kis (human intestinal microsomes, 27–66 µM; UGT1A1, 3.2–8.3 µM; UGT1A8, 19–73 µM; and UGT1A10, 65–120 µM) encompassed reported intestinal tissue concentrations (20–310 µM), prompting prediction of clinical interaction risk using a mechanistic static model. Silibinin and silymarin were predicted to increase raloxifene systemic exposure by 4- to 5-fold, indicating high interaction risk that merits further evaluation. This systematic investigation of the potential interaction between a widely used herbal product and chemopreventive agent underscores the importance of understanding natural product–drug interactions in the context of cancer prevention.
The Low-Energy Telescope (LET) and SEP Central Electronics for the STEREO Mission

The Low-Energy Telescope (LET) is one of four sensors that make up the Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) instrument of the IMPACT investigation for NASA’s STEREO mission. The LET is designed to measure the elemental composition, energy spectra, angular distributions, and arrival times of H to Ni ions over the energy range from ∼3 to ∼30 MeV/nucleon. It will also identify the rare isotope 3He and trans-iron nuclei with 30≤Z≤83. The SEP measurements from the two STEREO spacecraft will be combined with data from ACE and other 1-AU spacecraft to provide multipoint investigations of the energetic particles that result from interplanetary shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and from solar flare events. The multipoint in situ observations of SEPs and solar-wind plasma will complement STEREO images of CMEs in order to investigate their role in space weather. Each LET instrument includes a sensor system made up of an array of 14 solid-state detectors composed of 54 segments that are individually analyzed by custom Pulse Height Analysis System Integrated Circuits (PHASICs). The signals from four PHASIC chips in each LET are used by a Minimal Instruction Set Computer (MISC) to provide onboard particle identification of a dozen species in ∼12 energy intervals at event rates of ∼1,000 events/sec. An additional control unit, called SEP Central, gathers data from the four SEP sensors, controls the SEP bias supply, and manages the interfaces to the sensors and the SEP interface to the Instrument Data Processing Unit (IDPU). This article outlines the scientific objectives that LET will address, describes the design and operation of LET and the SEP Central electronics, and discusses the data products that will result.
Packaging and Provisioning in Plant Reproduction

Plant reproductive ecologists investigate many aspects of reproductive design not covered by simple offspring size/number models or simple sex allocation models, such as inflorescence design, pollen packaging or fruit design. General models for hierarchical packaging of reproductive allocation which cover these and other cases are developed here. These demonstrate that selection will tend to equalize fitness elasticities of reproductive components when these are properly scaled to take account of reproductive costs. Elasticities are defined as the proportional change in a fitness component with a proportional change in the trait contributing to that component (e.g. the proportional change in the fitness per seed with a proportional change in seed size). For the simplest reproductive design models, selection will favour the equalization of the elasticities of all female hierarchical provisioning and packaging fitness components or all male packaging components, both in single sex models or cosexual models. For simple cosexual models, selection favours allocation to each sex in proportion to the gender-specific fitness elasticities. More generally, selection tends to equalize all component elasticities when these are properly scaled to account for the total resource costs of changes in each component. The models are extended to cover more complex biology, including links between female and male packaging components, packaging components that contribute to the fitness of both genders, accessory costs that may or may not contribute to both genders, and allometric costs and trade-offs. As assumptions about fitness interactions and life history trade-offs become less restrictive, the models more closely approach a general equal-marginal-advantage model. The models provide tools for understanding how and when different components of the reproductive design constrain and selectively impact each other. The utility of the model for aiding in the design and analysis of specific research problems is discussed with reference to some empirical examples.
Mutant WT1 is associated with DNA hypermethylation of PRC2 targets in AML and responds to EZH2 inhibition

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with deregulation of DNA methylation; however, many cases do not bear mutations in known regulators of cytosine guanine dinucleotide (CpG) methylation. We found that mutations in WT1, IDH2, and CEBPA were strongly linked to DNA hypermethylation in AML using a novel integrative analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data based on Boolean implications, if-then rules that identify all individual CpG sites that are hypermethylated in the presence of a mutation. Introduction of mutant WT1 (WT1mut) into wild-type AML cells induced DNA hypermethylation, confirming mutant WT1 to be causally associated with DNA hypermethylation. Methylated genes in WT1mut primary patient samples were highly enriched for polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2) targets, implicating PRC2 dysregulation in WT1mut leukemogenesis. We found that PRC2 target genes were aberrantly repressed in WT1mut AML, and that expression of mutant WT1 in CD34+ cord blood cells induced myeloid differentiation block. Treatment of WT1mut AML cells with short hairpin RNA or pharmacologic PRC2/enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitors promoted myeloid differentiation, suggesting EZH2 inhibitors may be active in this AML subtype. Our results highlight a strong association between mutant WT1 and DNA hypermethylation in AML and demonstrate that Boolean implications can be used to decipher mutation-specific methylation patterns that may lead to therapeutic insights.
Performance tuning with AIMS/spl minus/an Automated Instrumentation and Monitoring System for multicomputers

Whether a researcher is designing the "next parallel programming paradigm", another "scalable multiprocessor", or investigating resource allocation algorithms for multiprocessors, a facility that enables parallel program execution to be captured and displayed is invaluable. A software toolkit that facilitates performance evaluation of parallel applications on multiprocessors, the Automated Instrumentation and Monitoring System (AIMS), is described in this paper. It has four major software components: a source-code instrumentor, which automatically inserts event recorders into the application; a run-time performance-monitoring library, which collects performance data; a trace-file animation and analysis toolkit; and a trace post-processor which compensates for the data collection overhead. We illustrate the process of performance tuning using AIMS with two examples. Currently, AIMS accepts FORTRAN and C parallel programs written for TMC's CM-5, Intel's iPSC/860, iPSC/Delta, Paragon, and HP workstations running PVM. >
Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act of 2005

Objective:To review Public Law (PL) 109-41—the Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act of 2005 (PSQIA)—and summarize key medication error research that contributed to congressional recognition of the need for this legislation.Data Sources:Relevant publications related to medication error research, patient safety programs, and the legislative history of and commentary on PL 109-41, published in English, were identified by MEDLINE, PREMEDLINE, Thomas (Library of Congress), and Internet search engine–assisted searches using the terms healthcare quality, medication error, patient safety, PL 109-41, and quality improvement. Additional citations were identified from references cited in related publications.Study Selection and Data Extraction:All relevant publications were reviewed. Summarization of the PSQIA was carried out by legal textual analysis.Data Synthesis:PL 109-41 provides privilege and confidentiality for patient safety work product (PSWP) developed for reporting to patient safety organizations (P...
Bipolar fuzzy cognitive mapping and bipolar visualization for OLAP/OLAM

Bipolar fuzzy sets and bipolar fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) are introduced for online analytical processing (OLAP) and online analytical mining (OLAM). As cognitive models CMs hold great potential for visualization in OLAP and OLAM. Due to the lack of formal mathematical basis, however, CM-based OLAP and OLAM have not become popular. Compared with existing approaches, bipolar fuzzy sets and CMs have a number of advantages. First, they are formal logical as well as cognitive models. Secondly, strict bipolarity leads to the notions of fuzzy equilibrium that provides a theoretical basis for bipolar information or knowledge fusion, clustering, and coordination. Thirdly, a fuzzy equilibrium relation or FCM induces bipolar fuzzy clusters that distinguish fuzzy coalition, fuzzy conflict and fuzzy harmony subsets. Fourthly, equilibrium energy and stability analysis provides perspectives and support for strategic decision-making. Basic ideas are illustrated with FCMs in international relations.
Role of oxidative stress-induced endothelin-converting enzyme activity in the alteration of carotid body function by chronic intermittent hypoxia

Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) leads to remodelling of the carotid body function, manifested by an augmented sensory response to hypoxia and induction of sensory long-term facilitation (LTF). It was proposed that endothelin-1 (ET-1) contributes to CIH-induced hypoxic hypersensitivity of the carotid body. The objectives of the present study were as follows: (i) to delineate the mechanisms by which CIH upregulates ET-1 expression in the carotid body; and (ii) to assess whether ET-1 also contributes to sensory LTF. Experiments were performed on adult, male rats exposed to alternating cycles of 5% O2 (15 s) and room air (5 min), nine episodes per hour and 8 h per day for 10 days. Chronic intermittent hypoxia increased ET-1 levels in glomus cells without significantly altering prepro-endothelin-1 mRNA levels. The activity of endothelin-converting enzyme increased with concomitant elevation of ET-1 levels in CIH-exposed carotid bodies, and MnTMPyP, a membrane-permeable antioxidant, prevented these effects. Hypoxia facilitated ET-1 release from CIH-treated carotid bodies, which is a prerequisite for activation of ET receptors; however, hypoxia had no effect on ET-1 release from control carotid bodies. In CIH-exposed carotid bodies, mRNAs encoding ETA receptor were upregulated, and an ETA receptor-specific antagonist abolished CIH-induced hypersensitivity of the hypoxic response, whereas it had no effect on the sensory LTF. These results suggest that ECE-dependent increased production of ET-1 coupled with hypoxia-evoked ET-1 release and the ensuing ETA receptor activation mediate the CIH-induced carotid body hypersensitivity to hypoxia, but the ETA signalling pathway is not associated with sensory LTF elicited by CIH.
Theoretical models for molecular mechanisms in biological systems: Tryptamine congeners acting on an LSD—Serotonin receptor

Molecular reactivity criteria obtained for a congeneric series of tryptamine derivatives have led to the following hypothesis for the interaction of these molecules with an experimentally defined LSD-serotonin high-affinity binding site: the difference between the affinity of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and that of any other congener is related to the discrepancy between the preferred electrostatic orientation of 5-HT and that of the congener in the field of the receptor. Ab initio LCAO-SCF calculations of complexes between 5-HT, 6-HT, 5-hydroxyindole (5-HIND), and 6-HIND with imidazolium cation, were used to test this hypothesis. For the particular configurations of the complexes presented here, the results indicate that the electrostatic orientation vectors determined from the reactivity characteristics of the molecules are good predictors of the preferred mutual orientations of the molecules in these complexes. The decomposition of the stabilization energies into electrostatic (ES), polarization (PL), exchange repulsion (EX), and “charge-transfer” (CT + mix) terms provide the basis for the possible validity of the reactivity criteria by indicating that the complexes are electrostatic in nature. The small contribution of the (CT + mix) term indicates that the main changes in electron distribution upon complex formation are in the form of charge polarization. Density-difference maps and partial integrations (in chosen planes) of the total electron density support this conclusion. These maps also indicate that the same pattern of charge redistribution is observed with all the tryptamine congeners studied, if the configuration of the complex is electrostatically equivalent to that formed between 5-HT and the common receptor site. This is in full agreement with the biological data that show that all tryptamine congeners we study here have the same intrinsic activity. The polarization complexes with imidazolium are therefore considered a useful model for further studies of the molecular mechanisms in the interaction with the LSD-serotonin binding site.
Studies on the Mechanism of Esophagitis-Induced Lower Esophageal Sphincter Hypotension in Cats

Perfusion of 0.1 N HCl 5 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in cats for 30 min on 4 consecutive days produced biopsy-documented esophagitis and marked decreases in LES pressure. Using this model the effects of experimental esophagitis on the LES response to edrophonium, pentagastrin, and bethanechol were determined. The sphincter response to both edrophonium and pentagastrin after esophagitis was induced was significantly less than preperfusion responses. When the esophagitis had resolved, the pressure response to edrophonium and pentagastrin returned to preperfusion levels. In contrast, the sphincter response to bethanechol during esophagitis was not different from the preperfusion response and remained unchanged after resolution of the esophagitis. Lower esophageal smooth muscle taken from cats with active esophagitis appeared normal by both light and electron microscopy. These studies indicate that besides decreasing resting LES tone, esophageal inflammation causes functional impairment of a cholinergic mechanism regulating LES pressure. In contrast, the smooth muscle appears to be unaffected by inflammation despite the LES hypotension.
Hormones, Radiosurgery and Virtual Reality: New Aspects of Meningioma Management

The understanding and management of meningiomas is changing significantly today. One of the most striking features of their pathophysiology is their predominance in women. In a series of 517 patients with meningiomas seen by the Brain Tumor Group at Brigham and Women's Hospital, the female:male ratio was 24:1. The progesterone receptor appears to be the major candidate to explain this difference. Although meningioma cells variably express receptors for estrogen, androgen, platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and somatostatin, these molecules do not explain the differences because they are not differentially expressed or are not activated. Progesterone receptor can be shown to be expressed in 81% of women and 40% of men with meningiomas; it can also be shown to be activated by transfecting a construct with the progesterone responsive element and a reporter in it and using the cell's own receptors to activate this construct. Surgery remains the mainstay of meningioma management. At the Brigham and Women's Hospital three-dimensional reconstruction techniques have markedly improved the ability to visualize the tumor as well as its relation to vascular structures. With MRI reconstruction, it is possible to know the tumor's relation to the sagittal and other sinuses, to identify feeders and proximity to major arteries, and to establish its location and relation to cortex by frameless stereotaxis. These techniques can be used in a virtual reality format are some of the most powerful in neurosurgery both for teaching and for the surgical procedure itself. External beam radiation has been shown by others to be an effective adjunctive treatment to prevent meningioma recurrence. Recently, linear accelerator radiosurgery and stereotactic radiotherapy have changed the pattern of radiation at our institution. In a series of 56 skull base meningiomas, for example, 95% were controlled (i.e., showed no growth) over a four year period. Fractionated focal radiation potentially offers the same control rate with fewer complications. With increasing understanding and treatment possibilities, meningiomas remain one of the most intriguing and challenging tumors in the nervous system.
Introduction: International Review of Constitutionalism Special Issue on Law, Poverty and Economic Inequality

Editors introduction: This collection of articles by noted scholars examines what law and legal institutions can do to alleviate poverty and economic inequality in the new economic and political environment. The articles explore the contours of many struggles for distributive justice. They describe contemporary constitutional strategies, such as the incorporation of economic, social and cultural rights in constitutions in relation to grassroots anti-poverty campaigns in many parts of the world, including campaigns for rights in South Africa, and poor people's economic and human rights campaigns in the United States. Such campaigns face well-known disadvantages in contending with entrenched, powerful, and vastly wealthier interests.
Can Consumer Groups Have More Political Clout than Regulated Industries?: An Analysis of the Political Economy of the Reclaim Emissions Market

Regulatory reform through the use of economic incentive programs such as emissions-trading markets has become increasingly popular because of the promise of substantial cost savings. However, these prospective economic benefits will not be the sole determinant of whether these reforms will be politically feasible. Obstacles arising due to representation bias, political entrepreneurs, difficulties in enforcement, and uncertainty can make even highly efficient policies too dangerous politically. These conclusions were reached from analyzing decisions made by the agency responsible for air quality in Los Angeles during the development of RECLAIM emissions market for Los Angeles. These decisions concerned the scope of regulation and the choice of regulatory instrument. The following new insights about the implementability of emissions trading are obtained. The inability to allocate grandfathered permits directly to consumers can result in substantial welfare losses for some from the adoption of an emissions market. The political significance of this effect may be exaggerated due to representation bias. Additionally, the political power of these consumer groups may be significantly enhanced by the expected appearance of a political entrepreneur. Through this entrepreneur, these groups may overcome their traditional organization and information problems. Under these circumstances, it is possible that consumer groups can indeed have more political clout than regulated industries. Another lesson focuses on the effects of underlying uncertainty. Previous analyses had emphasized the role of the variance of uncertain variables on the efficiency of economic incentive programs. Our experiences with RECLAIM further suggest that decisions concerning the expected mean of uncertain variables can generate political obstacles to emissions trading. These two effects appear responsible for the political infeasibility of the potentially extremely efficient program of RECLAIM. These lessons suggest that certain steps must occur before RECLAIM may become politically feasible.
Nanoindentation of Films of Perfluorotridecyl, Perfluorodecyl, and Perfluoroheptyl End-Functionalized Polystyrene at the Micron Scale

Polystyrenes (PS) end-functionalized with perfluorotridecyl (PFTD), perfluorodecyl (PFD), and perfluoroheptyl (PFH) groups are synthesized using the corresponding perfluoroalkyl initiators by atom transfer radical polymerization. Polymer thin films deposited on silicon wafers are studied by dynamic nanoindentation (NI). NI measurements of the 15k PFTD-PS sample showed increases of about 80 and 300% in the storage and loss moduli, respectively, compared to the 15k PS homopolymer. Measurements made on different regions of the PFTD-functionalized PS show a fivefold greater standard deviation compared to the 15k PS homopolymer. The effects for the PFD and PFH groups are smaller in all respects consistent with expectations.
Quality Measures and Efforts in Head and Neck Cancer Care

An often cited and influential Institute of Medicine report entitled “Crossing the Quality Chasm” succinctly describes quality, patient-centric care as having six key attributes:[1][1] The U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) summarizes this tersely, by noting that quality
Application of DAMS-IV Type Intelligent Distributed Safety Monitoring System in Three Gorges Ship Gate

The overall structure of the safety monitoring automation system in Three-Gorge ship gate is introduced.The field monitoring network architecture of the DAMS-Ⅳ intelligent distributed safety monitoring system as well as its function and performance is described so as to provide a reference for safety monitoring automation systems of dams and hydraulic buildings.
The Actualities and Thinks of Main Transmission Medium in Rural Information Services

The current situation of main transmission mediums,such as broadcast,TV,newspapers and magazines,network and communication(telephony,mobile phones),was analyzed with the discussion of their existing problems and chances.And the new thought way and suggestions were advanced.
Characterization and behavior of salmonella Javiana during manufacture of mozzarella-type cheese

A patient isolate of Salmonella javiana implicated in an outbreak of salmonellosis in Minnesota was characterized and used to examine its response to Mozzarella manufacturing conditions. The strain possessed biochemical-metabolic activities typical of Salmonella species. Growth was observed in 6.5% NaCl Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB) but not in 12% NaCl TSB. This S. javiana strain was resistant to two antibiotics, penicillin G and erythromycin. Pasteurization trials indicated the strain did not survive pasteurization and that pasteurization affected a log reduction of greater than 9 cycles. Mozzarella-type cheese was manufactured from milk inoculated with S. javiana at levels of 1 × 104 and 1 × 106 per ml milk. Manufacturing process was monitored by following pH, titratable acidity, and temperature. Survival of S. javiana was monitored using traditional enrichment procedures and direct plating procedures. S. javiana survived and grew through the acid-ripening phase, but temperatures attained in cheese mass during stretching and molding (60°C, 140°F) killed all Salmonella present. No subsequent process steps were found positive for Salmonella .
Treatment of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders with SSRIs.

Background Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders (OCSDs) are now recognised as distinct diagnostic entities related to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The features of OCSDs and OCD overlap in many respects including demographics, repetitive intrusive thoughts or behaviours, comorbidity, aetiology and preferential response to anti-obsessional drugs such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Method Literature was reviewed and preliminary data from various studies were re-examined to assess the relationship between compulsivity and impulsivity, and between OCD and OCSDs. Results OCSDs include both compulsive and impulsive disorders and these can be viewed as lying at opposite ends of the dimension of risk avoidance. Compulsiveness is associated with increased frontal lobe activity and increased serotonergic activity, while impulsiveness is associated with reduced activity of these variables. Neural circuits affected by serotonergic pathways have been identified and pharmacological challenge of OCSD patients with serotonin receptor agonists have supported the involvement of serotonergic processes. Conclusions SSRIs such as fluvoxamine have established efficacy in OCD and preliminary studies indicate that they are also effective in OCSDs. The features of three specimen OCSDs--body dysmorphic disorder, pathological gambling and autism--and their treatment with SSRIs are reviewed.
Provisioning patterns in the cooperatively breeding acorn woodpecker: does feeding behaviour serve as a signal?

Acorn woodpeckers, Melanerpes formicivorus, are cooperative breeders in which social groups consist of both nonbreeding helpers at the nest (offspring from prior reproductive attempts) and cobreeders of one or both sexes (usually siblings or a parent and his/her offspring). Regardless of composition, groups generally have one nest at a time at which all individuals participate in provisioning offspring. We tested the hypothesis that provisioning behaviour serves a signalling function used to gain social advantages within groups by enhancing dominance or social prestige, or by reducing the likelihood of being expelled from the group (‘pay-to-stay’). We found that birds adjusted their provisioning behaviour based on the activities of other group members by clumping their visits and by alternating their visits with other group members, thus synchronizing and coordinating provisioning within groups. Despite this evidence that acorn woodpeckers respond to the provisioning behaviour of other group members, analyses of feeding rates and patterns of overlap revealed no support for the hypothesis that provisioning functions as a signal to other group members in any of three ways: breeder males signalling to breeder females to increase their probability of mating; helpers signalling to other helpers to enhance their dominance or social prestige; or helpers signalling to breeders to reduce the probability that they will be considered ‘lazy’ and be evicted from the group. Our results add to previous studies that have thus far failed to support a signalling function for provisioning behaviour in avian cooperative breeders.
Evidence That Antarctica Is Cooling, Not Warming

Abstract Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent, covering 5.4 million square miles (14 million square km). The average winter temperature in Antarctica is −81°F (−63°C) and has reached −128.6°F (−89.2°C). About 98% of the Antarctic continent is covered by glacial ice that averages about 1.2 miles (1.9 km) in thickness. The total volume of ice in Antarctica is about 6.4 million cubic miles (26.5 million cubic km), comprising about 90% of the world's ice and about 70% of the world's fresh water. The average height of the ice sheet is approximately 10,000 ft above sea level. At its thickest point, the ice is 15,700 ft (4776 m) thick. The East Antarctic Ice Sheet is by far the biggest ice sheet, making up 92% of the total glacial ice, while the West Antarctic Ice Sheet makes up only about 8%. The Steig et al. analysis that all of Antarctica is warming was refuted by O'Donnell et al., who showed that their methodology was badly flawed. Using the same data as Steig et al., but with better technology, they produced a map showing cooling dominating most of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet with warming primarily constrained to the Antarctica Peninsula. Satellite and surface temperature measurements demonstrate that the Steig et al. contention that all of Antarctica is warming is clearly false. Antarctic satellite temperatures show no warming for 37 years. The Southern Ocean around Antarctica has cooled markedly since 2006. Sea ice has increased substantially, especially since 2012. Surface temperatures at 13 stations on or near the Antarctic Peninsula have been cooling sharply since 2006. Ocean temperatures have been plummeting since about 2007, sea ice has reached all-time highs, and temperatures have been cooling since 2000. The Larsen Ice Shelf Station has been cooling at an astonishing rate of 1.8°C per decade (18°C per century) since 1995. The thickness of most of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is more than 6000 ft (2000 m) and large areas are more than 10,000 ft (3000 m) thick. The importance of ice thickness is that virtually all of the ice sheet is considerably thicker than the depth below sea level to bedrock, so the ice is grounded and will not float. If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet melts away, where the ice is 10,000 ft thick, the land beneath will rebound isostatically several 1000 ft, bringing most of the subglacial bed above sea level. The Pine Island and Thwaites outlet glaciers are only about 30 miles across, so draining 2.2 million km3 of ice through their narrow channels or sending sea water 1000 miles under the ice sheet is not plausible. Studies of subglacial geothermal heat flow show that the area under the Thwaites glacier is unusually high and is the most likely cause of subglacial melting, rather than ocean water. The West Antarctic Ice Sheet is not collapsing, the retreat of these small glaciers is not caused by global warming, and sea level is not going to rise 10 ft.
Accidental intrauterine ventriculography during termination of mid trimester pregnancy by Boero technique.

A case is presented in which during an attempt to perform amniography before injection of hypertonic saline solution for termination of mid trimester pregnancy, a fetal ventriculography resulted, with demonstration of the whole subarachnoidal space. Diagnostic procedures by amniocentesis and amniography are reviewed and the authors express the hope that procedures for the antenatal diagnosis of central nervous system malformations will be developed.
Impact of rituximab on the course of low-grade follicular lymphoma.

8572 Background: Rituximab has revolutionized the treatment of lymphomas and has been shown to improve clinical outcomes in patients with follicular lymphoma. Our study evaluated the progression fr...
Emergent reintubation following elective cervical surgery: A case series

Aim To review cases of emergent reintubation after cervical surgery. Methods Patients who were emergently intubated in the post-operative period following cervical surgery were identified. The patients' prospectively documented demographic parameters, medical history and clinical symptoms were ascertained. Pre-operative radiographs were examined for the extent of their pathology. The details of the operative procedure were discerned. Results Eight hundred and eighty patients received anterior- or combined anterior-posterior cervical surgery from 2008-2013. Nine patients (1.02%) required emergent reintubation. The interval between extubation to reintubation was 6.2 h [1-12]. Patients were kept intubated after reintubation for 2.3 d [2-3]. Seven patients displayed moderate postoperative edema. One patient was diagnosed with a compressive hematoma which was subsequently evacuated in the OR. Another patient was diagnosed with a pulmonary effusion and treated with diuretics. One patient received a late debridement for an infected hematoma. Six patients reported residual symptoms and three patients made a complete recovery. Conclusion Respiratory compromise is a rare but potentially life threatening complication following cervical surgery. Patients at increased risk should be monitored closely for extended periods of time post-operatively. If the airway is restored adequately in a timely manner through emergent re-intubation, the outcome of the patients is generally favorable.
The equal opportunity harasser, sexual harassment, gender-neutral words, and Ludwig Wittgenstein:

The equal opportunity harasser (EOH) in sex discrimination cases is an employer who harasses both male and female employees alike. The EOH principle postulates that equal harassment of both genders equates to an absence of disparate treatment and therefore an absence of the discriminatory conduct necessary to violate antidiscrimination laws. In comparing the equality of the harassment, courts have generally focused on external indicators consisting mainly of perceptible manifestations of the harassment, such as the number of harassing episodes, the nature of the harassment, and most, notably, the words used during such episodes. This note’s focus is on the words used during the harassment. Its premise maintains that the external indicators analysis fails to consider implicit indicators, that is, the societal hierarchy and norms which shape the persons’ sentiments long before the employer employee relationship is formed. It is this less palpable background which lends meaning to the words used during the h...
Introduction to the Special Highlands Conference on Plethodontid Salamander Biology

Abstract In August 2016, scientists from the United States and Mexico assembled at Highlands, North Carolina, a temperate-zone hot spot of salamander biodiversity, to participate in the Special Highlands Conference on Plethodontid Salamander Biology. Hosted by the Highlands Biological Station (HBS), the conference celebrated the 90th year of the HBS, and especially the productive collaboration at Highlands of Drs. Lynne Houck, Steve Arnold, and Rick and Pam Feldhoff. The conference showcased the increasing value of plethodontids as research models, exemplified by eight papers in this special issue of Herpetologica stemming from invited minireviews presented at the 2016 Special Conference. The papers contribute to the dramatic rise in journal articles that use plethodontids to address diverse questions of broad relevance to modern biology. We hope that this special issue of Herpetologica sparks new research on these fascinating salamanders, and we look forward to future conferences on plethodontid salamand...
Examining the Role of Communication Activities in Perceived Collective Efficacy and Neighborhood Violence

This study examines two communication-based sources of neighborhood collective efficacy: communication ties with neighbors and local media use. Data from a Web survey of Chicago residents reveal that communication characterized by weak and strong ties has a positive association with perceived collective efficacy. Data also show a positive link between attention to neighborhood social news and perceived collective efficacy. Weak- and strong-tie communication and attention to neighborhood social news also have indirect negative relationships with perceived violence in the neighborhood through perceived collective efficacy. Implications are discussed for the role of interpersonal and mediated communication in neighborhood safety.
Modeling formation resistivity changes due to invasion and deformation during initial leak-off test build-up

Abstract Leak-off tests (LOTs) are performed to determine the strength of a newly drilled formation below a cased interval and to characterize the upper bound of mud weight that can be safely used while drilling the next section, without risk of formation breakdown and lost circulation. In an LOT, drilling mud is pumped into the wellbore, causing the wellbore pressure to increase and exceed the formation pore pressure. During the initial LOT build up, excess pressure in the wellbore causes the surrounding rock to deform and mud filtrate to invade into the formation via porous flow. In this paper, change in formation resistivity around a wellbore during initial LOT build-up has been investigated. Invasion is modeled assuming two-phase radial Darcy flow and deformation using a 3D finite element model. Invasion may result in an exchange of conductive ions between water-based drilling mud and formation water both by diffusion in the direction favored by the concentration gradient of the ions and by convective transport. This process is incorporated into the model by solving the radial convection-diffusion equation for the aqueous phase using a finite difference method. Archie's law is used to determine the formation resistivity. Findings show that the direct effect of deformation on porosity, therefore on formation resistivity during an LOT, is negligibly small even when the formation rock is highly compressible with compressibility in the order of 10−3 psi−1. While salinity solely controls formation resistivity during an LOT conducted in a fully water-saturated interval, water saturation change and salinity change compete to produce a compound effect on formation resistivity of an oil-bearing zone where water saturation varies dynamically due to displacement of formation fluids. Unlike compressibility, the effect of permeability on formation resistivity response is found to be evident and readily observable. While analyzing the formation resistivity responses at various depths of investigation (DOIs), it is found that the effect of DOI on resistivity response can be useful in studying invasion and assessing formation damage during an LOT. In addition to this, through comparing time-lapse resistivity logs at multiple DOIs during an LOT with numerically synthesized resistivity responses, the model promises a novel approach towards determining the permeability of a freshly drilled and unaltered interval.
The Role of Machine Learning in Business Optimization

In a trend that reflects the increasing demand for intelligent applications driven by business data, IBM today is building out a significant number of applications that leverage machine learning technologies to optimize business process decisions. This talk highlights this trend; and describes the many different ways in which leading edge machine learning concepts are being utilized in business applications developed by IBM for its internal use and for clients.
Perinatal outcomes after intrauterine growth restriction and umbilical artery Doppler pulsatility index of less than the fifth percentile

Objective: To analyze perinatal morbidity and stillbirth after intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) with an umbilical artery Doppler pulsatility index (UA PI) less than the fifth centile.Study de...
Retaining Women Air Force Officers: Work, Family, Career Satisfaction, and Intentions:

Despite efforts to improve women’s military representation, mid-career female officers attrit at twice the rate of male peers. Research and theory suggest women’s turnover is influenced by family l...
Apixaban for Routine Management of Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis (ARM-DVT): Methods of a prospective single-arm management study.

Background Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) constitutes approximately 10% of all deep vein thromboses (DVTs). The incidence of UEDVT is increasing in association with use of peripherally inserted central venous catheters. Treatment for UEDVT is derived largely from evidence for treatment of lower extremity DVT. Limited evidence exists for the use of a direct oral anticoagulant for the treatment of UEDVT. Population Sequential patients identified within the Intermountain Healthcare System and University of Utah Healthcare system with symptomatic UEDVT defined as the formation of thrombus within the internal jugular, subclavian, axillary, brachial, ulnar, or radial veins of the arm. Intervention Apixaban 10 mg PO twice daily for 7 days followed by apixaban 5 mg twice daily for 11 weeks. Comparison The historical literature review rate of venous thrombosis reported for recurrent clinically overt objective venous thromboembolism (VTE) and VTE-related death. If the confidence interval for the observed rate excludes the threshold event rate of 4%, we will conclude that treatment with apixaban is noninferior and therefore a clinically valid approach to treat UEDVT. Sample size We elected a sample size of 375 patients so that an exact 95% confidence interval would exclude an event rate of VTE in the observation cohort of 4%. Outcome Ninety-day rate of new or recurrent objectively confirmed symptomatic venous thrombosis and VTE-related death. The primary safety outcome is the composite of major and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding.
Heat and Mass Transfer on the Mixed Convection of Non-Newtonian Fluids Over a Vertical Wedge with Soret/Dufour Effects and Internal Heat Generation: Variable Wall Temperature/Concentration

This numerical analysis investigated the effects of heat and mass transfer characteristics on the mixed convection flow of non-Newtonian fluids over the vertical wedge in a saturated porous medium with Soret/Dufour effects and internal heat generation. The numerical modeling of this problem has attracted considerable attention from researchers because it has practical applications in biological sciences, electronic cooling, advanced nuclear systems, etc. The internal heat generation is assumed to be an exponential decaying form. The power-law model of Ostwald–de Waele for non-Newtonian fluids is considered. The surface of the vertical wedge is kept at variable wall temperature and concentration. In the analysis of mixed convection, which included free convection and forced convection, parameter varies from 0 (pure free convection) to 1 (pure forced convection). The transformed equations are obtained by using a suitable coordinate transformation, and then, Keller box method is utilized to solve the non-similar equations. Comparisons with data published previously showed good agreement. Both the local Nusselt number and the local Sherwood number increase with increasing the exponent of variable wall temperature/concentration. Increasing the internal heat generation coefficient decreases (increases) the local Nusselt (Sherwood) number. As the power-law index is increased, the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are decreased.
Pregnancy anxiety in expectant mothers predicts offspring negative affect: The moderating role of acculturation.

Abstract Background Pregnancy anxiety predicts adverse developmental outcomes in offspring from infancy through late childhood, but studies have not examined associations with outcomes in early childhood, nor clarified ethnic or cultural variations in these processes. Aims (1) To examine differences in pregnancy anxiety and related concerns between non-Hispanic White women, Latina women who prefer to speak in English, and Latinas who prefer Spanish; (2) To test prospective associations between pregnancy anxiety and child negative affect and moderation by ethnicity and language preference, used as a proxy for acculturation. Study design and methods This longitudinal study included 95 women (40 Non-Hispanic Whites, 31 Spanish-preference Latinas, and 24 English-preference Latinas). Language preference was provided at study entry. Pregnancy anxiety was assessed in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy with two standardized measures. Mothers reported child negative affect at age 4. Results Spanish-preference Latinas had significantly more pregnancy-related anxiety about their health and safety in childbirth and concerning the medical system compared to English-preference Latinas and non-Hispanic White women. Adjusting for covariates, pregnancy anxiety in the second trimester, though not the third trimester, predicted significantly higher child negative affect in the full sample. A significant moderation effect indicated that the association was strongest among the lower acculturated Latinas, i.e., those who preferred Spanish. Conclusion These results document higher risk for offspring associated with pregnancy anxiety in the second trimester especially among less acculturated Latina women, and suggest the need for culturally-sensitive screening tools and interventions to improve outcomes for Latina mothers and their children.
Abstract P432: Racial Differences In Endothelial Function And Insulin Sensitivity

Racial disparities in health outcomes continue to be a significant public health concern and African Americans (AA) are disproportionately burdened by several risk factors for cardiovascular diseas...
‘Contending Modernities’ in Indonesia: An Introduction

This special issue navigates crucial concerns facing plural societies today. Pluralism constitutes an important feature of modern society and poses challenges that must be taken seriously and trans...
A conversation with Felix Kerger: taking small steps to mitigate the universal problem of information overload

In this interview, Ubiquity's senior editor Dr. Bushra Anjum chats with Felix Kerger, an experienced developer advocate working for King.com (Spain). They focus on the increasing challenges of information overload for computing professionals and students. The discussion then moves to some of the strategies that can be employed to make information easier to find and ensure the right audience receives the right information directly.
Longitudinal monitoring of dose-dependent hemodynamic responses to chemotherapy in rodent breast cancer models using diffuse optics

Diffuse optics are deep-tissue non-invasive monitoring techniques that quantify total hemoglobin concentration, blood oxygen saturation and blood flow. Although many demonstrated that diffuse optics are sensitive to changes induced by neoadjuvant chemotherapy in human with breast cancer, the effects of chemotherapeutic drug type, dose, duration, and timing on longitudinal hemodynamic responses are still not well-established. To investigate these effects, we performed longitudinal monitoring of hemodynamic parameters on syngeneic rodent models of breast cancer treated with various chemotherapeutic drugs often used in the clinic. Various doses and combination were explored based on the clinically equivalent dose and median lethal dose.
Garbage Collection as a Joint Venture: A collaborative approach to reclaiming memory in heterogeneous software systems

Cross-component tracing is a way to solve the problem of reference cycles across component boundaries. This problem appears as soon as components can form arbitrary object graphs with nontrivial ownership across API boundaries. An incremental version of CCT is implemented in V8 and Blink, enabling effective and efficient reclamation of memory in a safe manner.