cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Non-Flooding Hybrid Polymer Fuel Cell

One of the chief difficulties associated with low temperature (<100°C) fuel cells is water management. Specifically, nucleation of liquid water droplets in the electrodes (i.e., flooding) causes a drop in power output as reactants are prevented from arriving at the electrodes. Here, we describe first attempts at a hybrid polymer fuel cell that prevents flooding. A proton exchange membrane and an alkaline exchange membrane are placed on opposite sides of a porous, water-soaked layer. Water formed in the porous layer is shunted to the exterior of the fuel cell. Though the design is promising, preliminary attempts have shown that the electrolytic resistance is too high for practical use.
0064 The Odp Takes The Lead

Background Simulation in healthcare is continuing to gain popularity and is recognised in anaesthesia as an invaluable method of teaching anaesthetists both non-technical and technical skills. 1 Evidence of similar training for Operating Department Practitioners (ODPs) is lacking. We designed and piloted a unique multidisciplinary high fidelity simulation course aimed at teaching student ODPs clinical skills and human factors. Methodology This course took place in situ in the theatre complex. Six high fidelity scenarios were designed with specific learning objectives. These included; local anaesthetic toxicity, high spinal, anaphylaxis and malignant hyperpyrexia. Key learning objectives included early recognition of an emergency and the importance of communication during critical incidents. Results Ten student ODPS participated in this pilot course. They were given a questionnaire pre and post course with questions related to the course, and a few generic anaesthetic questions thrown in. The mean pre course questionnaire score was 46% (11%–63%) and this improved to 94% (84%–100%) following the course. All students rated the course as ‘excellent’, and all students felt ‘more confident’ when dealing with anaesthetic emergencies after the course. Potential impact There was a 48% improvement in questionnaire results, which would suggest that the students had learnt from the scenarios. Our next step is to regularly carry out this course for all student ODPs rotating through this hospital and to map this specifically to the University syllabus. Reference Weller J, Wilson L, Robinson B. Survey of change in practice following simulation-based training in crisis management. Anaesthesia, 2003;58(5):471–473
Current Nuclear Deterrence Thinking

There is an active debate in both the academic and policy communities regarding both strategic nuclear doctrine and the American force configuration supporting that doctrine. The major purpose of this review article is to examine the major issues that affect the debate and the solutions proposed to deal with those problems. Since the debate centers on the adequacy of mutual assured destruction (MAD), the discussion begins by reviewing that doctrine. The nature of the Soviet challenge, both doctrinally and in terms of force characteristics, is discussed as the major impetus to the debate, followed by an analysis of proposed doctrinal alternatives and force options potentially available in the 1980s. The paper concludes with a brief assessment of the Soviet thermonuclear threat and proposed countermeasures to it.
Immunization against experimental staphylococcal mastitis in the goat by the intramammary infusion of cell-toxoid vaccine.

SUMMARY Each of 7 goats received 2 intramammary infusions of a staphylococcal cell-toxoid vaccine, in the left side of the udder, shortly before parturition. Together with 7 unvaccinated controls, the goats were challenged 1 to 5 weeks after kidding by the intramammary infusion in the left side of the udders of 10 4 viable units of Staphylococcus aureus strain BB suspended in milk. There was a marked staphylococcal alpha antitoxin response to vaccination, and a smaller increase in staphylococcal agglutinin levels in the vaccinated goats, in samples of serum and milk collected at parturition and challenge. Clinical observations, milk yield measurements, bacterial and leucocyte counts on milk samples and the post-mortem examination findings 10 days after challenge all indicated that the vaccinated group of goats was more resistant to challenge than the control group, although infection of the udders with strain BB was established in all the vaccinated goats. Vaccinationreduced the milk yield in 5 goats, and evidence of mammary involution was detected histologically in 4 of these.
The Ram Accelerator: Review of Experimental Research Activities in the U.S.

The ram accelerator, conceived at the University of Washington in 1983, is a scalable hypervelocity launcher, capable, in principle, of accelerating projectiles to velocities greater than 8 km/s. The device operates as an in-bore ramjet in which a subcaliber projectile, shaped like the centerbody of a cylindrical supersonic ramjet, is propelled through a stationary tube filled with a pressurized gaseous propellant mixture of fuel, oxidizer, and diluent. This propellant burns near the base of the moving projectile, generating thrust. The chemical energy density and speed of sound of the propellant can be adjusted, via gas pressure and composition, to control the in-tube Mach number and acceleration history of the projectile. Successful ram accelerator operation has been obtained at gas fill pressures up to 200 bar and projectile velocities up to 2.7 km/s. Scaling has been demonstrated in bore sizes ranging from 25 to 120 mm in research facilities around the world. Potential applications of the ram accelerator include hypervelocity impact studies, hypersonic propulsion research, kinetic energy weapons, and direct launch of acceleration-insensitive payloads to low Earth orbit. This paper presents an overview of the technology of the ram accelerator and its history and state-of-the-art in the United States.
Design Consideration for Multicast Adaptive Error Control Protocols in Broadband Satellite Networks

In this paper, we propose several design considerations of adaptive error control protocols for multicast services in broadband satellite networks. Error control protocols in point-to-multipoint satellite links impose several problems such as unreliability, receiver-heterogeneity, and feedback implosion problems. Satellite links are characterized by higher error rate and burstier error pattern than terrestrial wireline networks. Sources of channel impairment include fading, shadowing, and atmospheric conditions. Consequently, error statistics on the satellite channel are time-varying. Also, depending on where the receiver is located, receivers experience different channel conditions. Because of these problems, i.e., time-varying unreliability and receiver heterogeneity, receivers suffer from errors with respect to space and time. Also, most of the automatic repeat request (ARQ) error control protocols require (negative or positive) feedbacks. This causes feedback implosion problem at the satellite. We will investigate how we need to consider these effects on the design of the adaptive error control protocols for multicast satellite services
2.5D spectral finite-difference method for geophysical applications

The 2.5D forward method has been widely used in geophysical applications such as single-well, cross-well and controlled source electromagnetic measurements [1]. In this work, we proposed a two-dimensional (2-D) finite-difference frequency domain method for solving geophysical prospecting problems. The method is based on spectral domain and all the field quantities are expanded using Fourier transformation. Starting from the two-curl Maxwell equations, the longitudinal field components are eliminated and four transverse field components are used to represent the unknown fields [2]. The discretization is based on staggered Yee grid. The perfect electric conductor (PEC) boundary condition is employed to truncate the interested domain provided that the source is sufficiently far away to the boundary. The resulted system matrix is being solved using different methods and validated through eigenvalue problems. When finite source excitation is used, our numerical results show that good agreement is achieved compared with analytic solution.
“Why Should I, the One Who Was Raped, Be Forced to Take Training in What Sexual Assault Is?” Sexual Assault Survivors’ and Those Who Know Survivors’ Responses to a Campus Sexual Assault Education Program:

This study critically examines sexual assault survivors’ (people with histories of sexual assault) and those who know survivors’ (those who know and/or who are close to people with histories of sexual assault) responses to a mandatory online campus sexual assault education program using both quantitative survey data (N = 1,899) and qualitative narratives (n = 41) from a sample of students at a large southern university with special attention to gender, sexual identity, race, ethnicity, college group affiliations (student athletics, fraternities/sororities, LGBTQ [lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender, queer] ally programs), and the intersections between these identities and affiliations. The quantitative findings show that knowing/being a woman survivor is positively related to supportive attitudes toward the sexual assault education program and inversely, knowing/being a man survivor is negatively related to support of the program. In addition, being a woman, being gay/lesbian, being Black/African Amer...
Months into minutes: Rolling out changes faster with service management automation

Service Management Automation is widely regarded as the foundation for improving both productivity as well as quality of Service Delivery. For large Service Providers such as IBM Global Technology Services (GTS), Hybrid IT deployments present a variety of challenges in large deployments on a global scale. We describe an approach and our experiences to drastically improve the cycle times of change management, based on an extensive Service Request Catalog and a CMDB. We point out the key design points of our architecture and describe the tradeoffs we had to make, which we subsequently distill into a set of best practices.
Sacred Place: An Interdisciplinary Approach for the Social Science

This chapter presents a model of sacred place and sacred place-making that may contribute to the social science literatures on place, spirituality, and health in two ways: (1) attending to the embodied and emplaced nature of religious beliefs and spiritual practices and (b) exploring how sacred places may directly and indirectly affect human well-being. Sacred place is conceptualized in relation to spirituality, both as central to religious traditions and as experienced apart from specific religious traditions. From this perspective, sacred places are defined in terms of how they point to the transcendent, whether or not such places are explicitly grounded in specific religious traditions, with physical features that have been richly imbued with symbol and meaning through rituals and ceremonies over time. Sacred place-making represents efforts to create authentic, meaningful places and occurs through the reciprocal processes of sacralization (the myriad of socially constituted ways in which people create and sustain sacred places) and sacrilization, (the ways in which places help sensitize individuals to the spiritual, and to orient them to the transcendent). Contributions of essentialist, social constructivist, and person–place frameworks to an understanding of sacred place and sacred place-making are examined, along with their health implication.
The Master's Degree: Perceptions of Corporate Professionals from Three Segments of the Hospitality Industry

(1995). The Master's Degree: Perceptions of Corporate Professionals from Three Segments of the Hospitality Industry. Hospitality & Tourism Educator: Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 51-54.
Ernst Mach und die Geschichte des Positivismus

Zwischen 1910 und 1914 langten beim Nobelpreiskomitee in Stockholm zahlreiche Briefe und Petitionen von Wissenschaftlern ein, die Ernst Mach fur den Nobelpreis in Physik vorschlugen. Ein Brief stammte von H. A. Lorentz, der Machs „schone Arbeiten“, besonders auf den Gebieten der Akustik und der Optik, deren Glanz auch tatsachlich bis zum heutigen Tage nicht verblast ist, lobte und hinzufugte, das „alle Physiker“ Machs historische und methodologische Bucher kennen und „zahlreiche Physiker ihn als Lehrer und als Leitfigur fur ihre Gedanken verehren“. (Einige Jahre spater for-mulierte es Albert Einstein, in seinem Nachruf auf Mach aus dem Jahr 1916, noch eindrucksvoller: „Ich glaube sogar, das diejenigen, welche sich fur Gegner Machs halten, kaum wissen, wieviel von Machscher Betrachtungsweise sie sozusagen mit der Muttermilch eingesogen haben.“) Ferdinand Braun wies in seinem No- minierungsbrief darauf hin, das der Nobelpreis wohl bald fur die neue Theorie uber Raum und Zeit verliehen werden musse, und folglich der Preis zuerst an Mach, als fruhen Verfechter der Ideen, die in diese Richtung weisen, und als bedeutenden Experimentalphysiker, gehen sollte; auch Braun betonte den weitreichenden Einflus, den Mach durch „seine klaren und profunden historischphysikalischen Studien“ und seine philosophischen Erlauterungen ausubte.1
Volumetric Analysis of the Basal Ganglia and Cerebellar Structures in Patients with Phelan-McDermid Syndrome.

ABSTRACT Objective Phelan-McDermid syndrome is caused by haploinsufficiency of SHANK3 on terminal chromosome 22. Knowledge about altered neuroanatomic circuitry in Phelan-McDermid syndrome comes from mouse models showing striatal hypertrophy in the basal ganglia, and from humans with evidence of cerebellar atrophy. To date, no studies have performed volumetric analysis on Phelan-McDermid syndrome patients. Methods We performed volumetric analysis of baseline brain MRIs of Phelan-McDermid syndrome patients (ages three to 21 years) enrolled in a prospective natural history study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02461420). Using MRI segmentations carried out with PSTAPLE algorithm, we measured relative volumes (volume of the structure divided by the volume of the brain parenchyma) of basal ganglia and cerebellar structures. We compared these measurements to those of age- and sex-matched healthy controls part of another study. Among the patients, we performed linear regression of each relative volume using Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised total score and Aberrant Behavior Checklist stereotypy score. Eleven patients with Phelan-McDermid syndrome (six females, five males) and 11 healthy controls were in this analysis. Results At time of MRI, the mean age of the patients and controls was 9.24 (5.29) years and 9.00 (4.49) years, respectively (P = 0.66). Compared to controls, patients had decreased caudate (P ≤ 0.013), putamen (P ≤ 0.026), and left pallidum (P = 0.033) relative volumes. Relative volume of cerebellar vermal lobules I to V (beta coefficient = −17119, P = 0.017) decreased with increasing Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised total score. Conclusions The volumes of the striatum and left pallidum are decreased in individuals with Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Cerebellar vermis volume may predict repetitive behavior severity in Phelan-McDermid syndrome. These findings warrant further investigation in larger samples.
Self-Knowing Interpreters

The paper illustrates and clarifies the distinction between first-personal and third-personal self-knowledge. It is argued that the characteristic traits of first-personal self-knowledge are groundlessness, transparency and authority. It is maintained that each of these characteristics is a necessary and a priori aspect of first-personal self-knowledge.
Computational study of cobalt-modified nickel-ferrite/PZT magnetoelectric composites for voltage tunable inductor applications

Abstract Control of magnetic permeability through voltage in magnetoelectric materials promises to create novel voltage tunable inductors. Domain-level phase field modeling and computer simulation are employed to study magnetoelectric composites of Co-modified NiCuZn ferrite and PZT, where ferrite outperforms metallic magnetostrictive materials at high frequencies important for inductor applications. The simulations focus on the interplay between magnetocrystalline anisotropy and stress-induced anisotropy and reveal different regimes of permeability and tunability behaviors. It is shown that the permeability and its tunability can be significantly increased by reducing the intrinsic magnetocrystalline anisotropy through doping NiCuZn-ferrite with Co2+ to form solid solution (1-x)(Ni0.6Cu0.2Zn0.2)Fe2O4-xCoFe2O4, and the optimal performance is achieved at vanishing magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant K1 = 0 corresponding to composition x∼0.02. The findings are confirmed by complementary experiments with good agreements. The effect of internal bias stress is further investigated, which is shown to shift the permeability regimes and thus provides an effective engineering technique to optimize the voltage tunable inductor performance. A tunability as high as ∼500% is obtained under the optimal condition, which is much higher than that obtained in conventional high-frequency voltage tunable inductors.
Superatom spin-state dynamics of structurally precise metal monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs).

Electronic spin-state dynamics were studied for a series of Au25(SC8H9)18q and Au24Pd(SC8H9)18 monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs) prepared in a series of oxidation states, q, including q = −1, 0, +1. These clusters were chosen for study because Au25(SC8H9)18−1 is a closed-shell superatomic cluster, but Au25(SC8H9)180 is an open-shell (7-electron) system; Au25(SC8H9)18+1 and PdAu24(SC8H9)180 are isoelectronic (6-electron) closed-shell systems. Carrier dynamics for electronic fine structure spin states were isolated using femtosecond time-resolved circularly polarized transient-absorption spectroscopy (fs-CPTA). Excitation energies of 1.82 eV and 1.97 eV were chosen for these measurements on Au25(SC8H9)180 in order to achieve resonance matching with electronic fine structure transitions within the superatomic P- and D-orbital manifolds; 1.82-eV excited an unpaired Pz electron to D states, whereas 1.97-eV was resonant with transitions between filled Px and Py subshells and higher-energy D orbitals. fs-CPTA measurements revealed multiple spin-polarized transient signals for neutral (open shell) Au25(SC8H9)18, following 1.82-eV excitation, which persisted for several picoseconds; time constants of 5.03 ± 0.38 ps and 2.36 ± 0.59 ps were measured using 2.43 and 2.14 eV probes, respectively. Polarization-dependent fs-CPTA measurements of PdAu24(SC8H9)18 clusters exhibit no spin-conversion dynamics, similar to the isoelectronic Au25(SC8H9)18+1 counterpart. These observations of cluster-specific dynamics resulted from spin-polarized superatom P to D excitation, via an unpaired Pz electron of the open-shell seven-electron Au25(SC8H9)18 MPC. These results suggest that MPCs may serve as structurally well-defined prototypes for understanding spin and quantum state dynamics in nanoscale metal systems.
ABNORMALITIES IN MEMBRANE LIPIDS ASSOCIATED WITH DEFICIENCIES IN LITHIUM COUNTERFLOW

ABSTRACT Recent studies have shown that abnormalities of erythrocyte intra/extra cellular Li concentrations (Li ratios) are present in many bipolar and some schizophreniform disordered patients. In our laboratory we have found that schizophreniform patients with a high (> 0.39) in vitro Li ratio frequently have an antipsychotic response to Li alone. The present study examines the possibility that a high Li ratio is associated with significant differences in the lipid content of ghost membranes. Three groups were examined: age and sex matched controls (n = 7, Li+ ratio = 0.30 ± 0.005), normal ratio hospitalized psychotic patients (n = 9, Li+ ratio = 0.30 ± 0.01) high ratio hospitalized psychotic patients (n = 7, Li+ ratio − 0.55 ± 0.02). High ratio patients (as compared to hospitalized and non-hospitalized controls) had a significant decrease in membrane phosphatidylcholine, but had no significant change in the fatty acid composition of this phospholipid. In contrast the ratio of 22:0/22:1 in sphingomyelin was markedly decreased from 14 in the control group to 0.11 in the high ratio patient group. Overall, these data suggest that an elevated Li+ ratio is associated with several abnormalities in membrane lipid composition.
Real world validation of the nonhyperemic index of coronary artery stenosis severity-Resting full-cycle ratio-RE-VALIDATE.

OBJECTIVE The primary objective was to demonstrate diagnostic equivalence between RFR and iFR in clinical practice. BACKGROUND The instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR), a nonhyperemic pressure ratio (NHPR), has been shown to be noninferior to fractional flow reserve (FFR) in determining coronary artery stenosis severity in intermediate lesions. However, iFR has a number of inherent limitations, including sensitive landmarking of the pressure waveform and the assumption that maximal flow and minimal microcirculatory resistance occur during a fixed period within diastole. The resting full-cycle ratio (RFR) is a novel NHPR which evaluates the entire cardiac cycle independent of the ECG, landmark identification, and timing within the cardiac cycle. METHODS RE-VALIDATE RFR was designed to determine the diagnostic utility of RFR for the physiological assessment of coronary artery disease in clinical practice compared to iFR. RFR was also tested for equivalence (1% margin), diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), areas under the receiver operated characteristic curve (AUC), and correlations compared to calculated iFR (iFRcalc ). RESULTS From two centers, 501 blinded rest- and hyperemic pressure recordings from 431 patients were suitable for analysis according to a core laboratory. The mean FFR, RFR, and iFRcalc were 0.80 ± 0.09, 0.90 ± 0.08, and 0.90 ± 0.08, respectively. Based on a binary cut-off approach (RFR/iFR ≤0.89), RFR demonstrated equivalence with iFRcalc (95% confidence interval: 0.025-0.019) with overall diagnostic accuracy 97.8%, sensitivity 97.8%, specificity 97.8%, PPV 96.2%, NPV 98.7%, and AUC 0.96 (0.94-0.97, p < .001). RFR had a mean bias 0.003 (95% limits of agreement: 0.019, -0.025). CONCLUSIONS RFR was equivalent to iFR in clinical practice. RFR is an alternative NHPR, avoiding the need for hyperemic agents, thus potentially reducing side effects, procedural time and cost compared to FFR.
2.07 – Autobiographical Memory

Autobiographical memory is a complex blend of memories of single, recurring, and extended events integrated into a coherent story of self that is created and evaluated through sociocultural practices. Autobiographical memory is distinct from episodic memory in that (1) it relies on autobiographical consciousness, which emerges by the end of the preschool years; (2) it is formed within social interactions in which multiple developing skills are brought to bear on the construction of coherent stories of self and a narrative identity that emerges in adolescence; and (3) through this developmental process, autobiographical memories come to serve uniquely sociocultural functions of defining self and regulating emotion.
Making Sense of Mutation: What D614G Means for the COVID-19 Pandemic Remains Unclear.

In this issue of Cell, Korber et al. found that a SARS-CoV-2 variant in the spike protein D614G rapidly became dominant around the world. Although clinical and in vitro data suggest that D614G changes the virus phenotype, the impact of the mutation on transmission, disease, and vaccine and therapeutic development are largely unknown.
A Systematic Review of Adenomyosis: It Is Time to Reassess What We Thought We Knew about the Disease.

ABSTRACT Objective To summarize and update our current knowledge regarding adenomyosis diagnosis, prevalence, and symptoms. Data Sources Systematic review of PubMed between January 1972 and April 2020. Search strategy included: “adenomyosis [MeSH Terms] AND (endometriosis[MeSH Term OR prevalence study [MeSH Terms] OR dysmenorrhea[text word] OR prevalence[Text Word] OR young adults [Text Word] OR adolesce* [Text Word] OR symptoms[Text Word] OR imaging diagnosis [Text Word] OR pathology[Text Word]. Methods of Study Selection Articles published in English that addressed adenomyosis and discussed prevalence, diagnosis, and symptoms were included. The included articles described pathology diagnosis, imaging, biopsy diagnosis, prevalence and age of onset, symptoms, and concomitant endometriosis. Tabulation, Integration, and Results Sixteen articles were included in the qualitative analysis. The studies are heterogeneous when diagnosing adenomyosis with differing criteria, protocols, and patient populations. The prevalence estimates range from 20% to 88.8% in women who are symptomatic (average 30%–35%), with most diagnosed between the ages of 32 years and 38 years. The correlation between imaging and pathology continues to evolve. As imaging advances, newer studies report that younger women who are symptomatic are being diagnosed with adenomyosis on the basis of both magnetic resonance imaging and/or transvaginal ultrasound. High rates of concomitant endometriosis create challenges when discerning the etiology of pelvic pain. Symptoms that are historically attributed to endometriosis may actually be caused by adenomyosis. Conclusion Adenomyosis remains a challenge to identify, assess, and research because of the lack of standardized diagnostic criteria, especially in women who wish to retain their uterus. As noninvasive diagnostics such as imaging and myometrial biopsies continue to improve, younger women with variable symptoms will likely create criteria for diagnosis with adenomyosis. The priority should be to create standardized histopathologic and imaging diagnoses to gain a deeper understanding of adenomyosis.
Eco-justice Pedagogy All’Italiana: Radical Italian Art in the Italian-language Classroom

The climate crisis threatens our very existence in a myriad of urgent ways and thus merits imperative focus in pedagogic practices in general. This focus is achievable in Italian-language classrooms, where issues of global warming and climate crises are seldom mentioned, through artistic themes from Italy’s rich cultural heritage of the arts. The radical art movement of Arte Povera has the potential to bring ecological concerns to the forefront through a critical cultural lens of the country. By drawing upon images of the Arte Povera movement, concepts of eco-justice and eco-pedagogy can occur through paradigms of art-based education to not only discuss the impact of the climate crisis in Italy, but also achieve Italian-language acquisition critically.
Wagyu-Angus cross improves meat tenderness compared to Angus cattle but unaffected by mild protein restriction during late gestation.

For the spring-calving beef herds, late gestation coincides with winter and early spring, when cows are dependent on feed supplements with low quality hay, which is hard to meet their nutrient requirements. However, the effects of deficiencies of metabolizable protein intake during late gestation on offspring beef quality are unclear. Wagyu cattle have excellent marbling, and insemination with Wagyu vs Angus semen is a practical option for beef producers to improve beef quality. To test, Angus cows (621 ± 73 kg) were selected and randomly separated into two groups. Each group was inseminated with either Angus or Wagyu semen. During the last 90 days of gestation, cows in each group were further separated and received either a low protein diet (85% of the NRC metabolizable protein requirement), which was a low quality hay-based diet common in northwestern region of the U.S., or an adequate protein diet (108% NRC requirement). All progeny was managed together and harvested at a final BW of 576.5 ± 16.6 kg. Wagyu-sired offspring had higher marbling scores and quality grades than Angus (P < 0.01). Protein supplementation did not affect Slice Shear Force (SSF) in either breeds (P = 0.60). However, Wagyu-sired cattle had lower SSF than Angus-sired (P < 0.01). In addition, Wagyu-sired cattle had higher intramuscular fat (P < 0.05) and total collagen content (P < 0.05), but Angus-sired had greater mature collagen cross-links, as shown by higher contents of Pyridinoline (P < 0.01) and Ehrlich Chromogen (P < 0.01). Consistently, the mRNA expression of enzymes catalyzing collagen cross-linking was higher in Angus-sired offspring, including Plod 1 (P < 0.05), Plod 2 (P = 0.08), and P4Hα 2 (P < 0.01). In conclusion, Wagyu-sired cattle had greater tenderness and marbling score compared to Angus-sired, which was associated with lower collagen cross-links. Feeding mature grass hay-based diet with relatively low protein content during late gestation had no major effect on beef quality of subsequent cattle.
Initiator-dependent kinetics of lyotropic liquid crystal-templated thermal polymerization

In this study, we examine the polymerization kinetics with different thermal initiators in lamellar and hexagonal lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) structures directed by Pluronic L64. Ammonium persulfate is used to initiate the polymerization from the water phase, whereas azobisisobutyronitrile and benzoyl peroxide are employed to commence the reaction through the monomer phase. While the mesophase structure remains intact for all the initiation systems, the kinetics of polymerization and conversion vary significantly. The obtained differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results reveal that, under the same conditions, the initiation from water (IFW) system results in enhanced reaction rates as well as higher monomer conversions compared to the initiation from oil (IFO) system. A higher termination rate in LLC nanoconfinements induces lower reaction rates in the IFO system. Moreover, our work on different LLC structures shows that the effect of nanoconfinement on the polymerization rate can be minimized through IFW. Chemorheology not only confirms the results obtained from DSC, but also shows that, in similar monomer conversions, the polymers obtained from the IFW system exhibit improved mechanical properties over the samples produced through the IFO process.
Outcomes of Tibial Nerve Repair and Transfer: A Structured Evidence-Based Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

ABSTRACT Although nerve transfer and repair are well-established for treatment of nerve injury in the upper extremity, there are no established parameters for when or which treatment modalities to utilize for tibial nerve injuries. The objective of our study is to conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness of end-to-end repair, neurolysis, nerve grafting, and nerve transfer in improving motor function after tibial nerve injury. PubMed, Cochrane, Medline, and Embase libraries were queried according to the PRISMA guidelines for articles that present functional outcomes after tibial nerve injury in humans treated with nerve transfer or repair. The final selection included Nineteen studies with 677 patients treated with neurolysis (373), grafting (178), end-to-end repair (90), and nerve transfer (30), from 1985 to 2018. The mean age of all patients was 27.0 ± 10.8 years, with a mean preoperative interval of 7.4 ± 10.5 months, and follow-up period of 82.9 ± 25.4 months. The mean graft repair length for nerve transfer and grafting patients was 10.0 ± 5.8 cm, and the most common donor nerve was the sural nerve. The most common mechanism of injury was gunshot wound, and the mean MRC of all patients was 3.7 ± 0.6. Good outcomes were defined as MRC ≥ 3. End-to-end repair treatment had the greatest number of good outcomes, followed by neurolysis. Patients with preoperative intervals less than 7 months were more likely to have good outcomes than those greater than 7 months. Patients with sport injuries had the highest percentage of good outcomes in contrast to patients with transections and who were in MVAs. We found no statistically significant difference in good outcomes between the use of sural and peroneal donor nerve grafts, nor between age, graft length, and MRC score.
COVID-19 Narratives in a Carpatho-Rusyn Village in Transcarpathian Ukraine

In a Carpathian village whose tradition I have been studying for a number of years, in pre-COVID-19 narratives about illness, an unexpected illness— especially a potentially fatal one—was often viewed as a sign from above. Depending on the relation between the speaker and the affected person, it might either cast doubt on the person's behavior or indicate an undeserved tragic stroke of fate. Uis paper examines whether that has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. I explore how people in this village talk about the pandemic, and how their narratives fit into, and possibly add to, our understanding of traditional values, supernatural beliefs, and the linguistic expression of these values and beliefs in the village.
Lung dendritic cells migrate to the spleen to prime long-lived TCF1 hi memory CD8 + T cell precursors after influenza infection

CD8+ T cell responses to pulmonary challenges are primed by lung migratory dendritic cells (mDCs), which capture antigens in the lungs and migrate to the lung-draining mediastinal lymph node (med-L...
Making the university matter

Introduction Pondering the University's Future Barbie Zelizer Part I On Teaching and Learning Introduction: Models of Teaching and Learning, Brittany Griebling and Adrienne Shaw 1. The Life of the University Paddy Scannell 2. The Problem of General Education in the Research University Michael Schudson 3. The University (or College) Keeps Us Honest Robin Wagner-Pacifici 4. Rethinking Doctoral Education and Careers Larry Gross Part II Models of Intellectual Engagement Introduction: Against McCollege Michael Serazio 5. University in the Age of a Transnational Public Sphere Slavko Splichal 6. Surviving Through Engagement: The Faculty Responsibility to Defend Liberal Education S. Elizabeth Bird 7. Monks, Managers and Celebrities: Refiguring the European University Isabel Capeloa Gil 8. Universities and Globalization: Models and Countermodels Marwan M. Kraidy Part III Making Intellectual Work Public Introduction: Closing the Gap Between the Philosophical and the Practical Susan Mello and Rocio Nunez 9. Thinking While Black Mark Anthony Neal 10. iPhones and Eyeshades: Journalism and the University's Role in Promoting a Dynamic Public Sphere Michael Bromley 11. Making Art Matter: Navigating the Collaborative Turn Ien Ang and Philip Mar 12. Metaphor and Institutional Crisis: The Near-Death Experience of Antioch College Paula Treichler Part IV Economies of Knowledge Introduction Resistances and Affordances of the Economic "Bottom Line" Mario Rodriguez 13. Post-Neoliberal Academic Values: Notes from the UK Higher Education Sector Nick Couldry 14. Claims of Time(s): Notes on Post-Welfare Public Reason Risto Kunelius 15. The Entrepreneurial University: Or, Why the University Is No Longer a Public Space (If It Ever Was) Don Mitchell 16. Outlearning John Hartley Part V Institutionalization and Technology Part V Introduction: Assessing the Influence of Institutional and Technological Change, Angela M. Lee and Deborah Lubken 17. The Institutional Transformation of Universities in the Era of Digital Information Dominic Boyer 18. How to Read Hyper-Text: Media Literacy and Open Access in Higher Education Richard Cullen Rath 19. Lost in Abundance? Reflections on Disciplinarity Kaarle Nordenstreng 20. Another Plea for the University Tradition: The Institutional Roots of Intellectual Compromise Jeff Pooley Part VI Default Settings and Their Complications Part VI Introduction: Politics By Default and Choice Keren Tenenboim-Weinblatt 21. Models of Transnational 'Cooperation': A Site of Geopolitical Struggles? Elizabeth Jelin 22. Legal Education and the Rise of Rights Consciousness in China John Nguyet Erni 23. The Academic Career Pipeline: Not Breaking But Pouring Katherine Sender 24. Producing Cosmopolitan Global Citizens in the U.S. Academy Radhika Parameswaran
Toward a Theory of the Desegregation of the Workplace

higher education. Conceptual clarity about the kinds of people relationships that make education equity a possibility; clarity in the implementation of strategies aimed at changed institutional behavior; and clarity of the communication process and what that communication means to other institutions and to the people of our society. Furthermore, because of the special nature of higher education, that lack of conceptual clarity or theory has helped lead to confusion and counter-productive fads.
Differences in functional performance of the shoulder musculature with obesity and aging

The workforce includes an increasing number of workers who are obese and/or older, which may lead to higher rates of workplace injuries. We examined the main and interactive effects of obesity and age on strength and functional performance during sustained isometric exertions involving shoulder flexion in two postures. Four groups of eight participants each (non-obese (18.5 < BMI < 25 kg/m2) young (18–25 years), non-obese older (50–65 years), obese (30 < BMI < 40 kg/m2) young, and obese older) completed static endurance tasks in each posture, at fixed target levels of shoulder moment. Shoulder strength was ∼25% higher with obesity and equivalent between age groups. Both obesity and age affected endurance time, with the obese and younger groups both having shorter endurance. Obesity and age did not have an interactive effect on endurance time and the results were inconclusive regarding acute fatigue effects for individuals who are older and obese. Further work is needed under more realistic task conditions, to explore the likely complex effects of these individual differences.
Immunohistochemical localization and quantification of glial fibrillary acidic protein and synaptosomal-associated protein (mol. wt 25 000) in the ageing hippocampus following administration of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine

Abstract Responses to injury in the ageing hippocampus were assessed utilizing the synaptic markers glial fibrillary acidic protein and synaptosomal-associated protein (mol. wt 25 000) following administration of the neurotoxin, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, into the fimbria–fornix and cingulum bundle to denervate serotonergic afferent input to the dorsal hippocampus. Age-dependent alterations in hippocampal immunohistochemical localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein and synaptosomal-associated protein were evaluated in female Fischer 344 rats following serotonergic deafferentation with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. Across the lifespan, as indicated by measurements taken at three, 18, 21 and 29 months, marked increases in glial fibrillary acidic protein, but not synaptosomal-associated protein immunoreactivity, occurred throughout the hippocampus at 21 and 29 months compared to three and 18 months. Following three weeks pretreatment with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (20 μ g total dose) or vehicle (0.1% ascorbic saline; 2 μ l total volume) infused in the fimbria–fornix/cingulum bundle, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated marked increases of glial fibrillary acidic protein, but not synaptosomal-associated protein, in the 18-month 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine group compared to the 18-month vehicle and 3-month 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine groups. Additionally, a significant increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein concentration was found by enzyme-linked immunosorbent asssay in the 18-month 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine group compared to the 18-month vehicle and three-month 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine groups. These results demonstrate that selective neurotoxicant damage of the hippocampal serotonergic system differentially alters the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein. This approach may provide a valuable tool to determine the ability of the hippocampus to respond to age-related neurodegenerative injury.
Considerations When Working with Interpreters

With the U.S. population becoming increasingly culturally and linguistically diverse, more and more professionals, such as speech—language pathologists, need to rely on the services of interpreters...
Emissions from Premixed Combustion of Polystyrene

Pyrolysis of polystryrene (PS) followed by combustion was tested in a two-stage drop-tube furnace at steady-state steady-flow conditions. PS particles were pyrolyzed at 1000 °C in nitrogen, and sub...
Modal Analysis and Optimization of Electric Vehicle’s Fast-Swap Battery Box

This paper studies the structures of electric vehicle’s fast-swap battery box by modal analysis. With the software of HyperMesh and MSC.Nastran, the free mode and constrained mode of electric vehicle fast-swap battery box are analyzed. The result is given with modal parameter and vibration mode that depicts each mode. And then, this paper studies the acceleration of battery box with the frequency scanning analysis, and focuses on the distance between of mounting edge on inner box and the pins on outer box on the basis of frequency-scanning results under different frequencies. At Last, this paper analyses the vibration mode which leads to the offset, proposes the method of improving vibration mode of battery box. In the road test process of fast-swap battery box, the structure of battery box shows the best performance of vibration resistance.
Dysregulation of Macrophage Activation Profiles by Engineered Nanoparticles

Although the potential human health impacts from exposure to engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are uncertain, past epidemiological studies have established correlations between exposure to ambient air pollution particulates and the incidence of pneumonia and lung infections. Using amorphous silica and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) as model high production volume ENPs, we examined how macrophage activation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or the lung pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae is altered by ENP pretreatment. Neither silica nor SPIO treatment elicited direct cytotoxic or pro-inflammatory effects in bone marrow-derived macrophages. However, pretreatment of macrophages with SPIO caused extensive reprogramming of nearly 500 genes regulated in response to LPS challenge, hallmarked by exaggerated activation of oxidative stress response pathways and suppressed activation of both pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways. Silica pretreatment altered regulation of only 67 genes, but there was strong correlation with gene sets affected by SPIO. Macrophages exposed to SPIO displayed a phenotype suggesting an impaired ability to transition from an M1 to M2-like activation state, characterized by suppressed IL-10 induction, enhanced TNFα production, and diminished phagocytic activity toward S. pneumoniae. Studies in macrophages deficient in scavenger receptor A (SR-A) showed SR-A participates in cell uptake of both the ENPs and S. pneumonia and co-regulates the anti-inflammatory IL-10 pathway. Thus, mechanisms for dysregulation of innate immunity exist by virtue that common receptor recognition pathways are used by some ENPs and pathogenic bacteria, although the extent of transcriptional reprogramming of macrophage function depends on the physicochemical properties of the ENP after internalization. Our results also illustrate that biological effects of ENPs may be indirectly manifested only after challenging normal cell function. Nanotoxicology screening strategies should therefore consider how exposure to these materials alters susceptibility to other environmental exposures.
Fire severity alters plant regeneration patterns and defense against herbivores in mixed aspen forests

Fire and herbivory are primary disturbances that often overlap and strongly influence plant community development, but it is unclear how herbivory changes in relation to variability in burn severity. With climate change expected to alter fire regimes globally there is a critical need to understand how heterogeneity in post-fire habitat conditions modifies plant–herbivore interactions. We examined herbivory patterns, growth responses and defense chemistry expression (phenolic glycoside, condensed tannins) of regenerating aspen Populus tremuloides that experienced variable burn severity in the 2010 Twitchell Canyon Fire, Utah, USA. Browse damage was approximately 60% lower in moderate and high burn severity plots compared to low severity and unburned plots. Aspen regeneration density was 2.3 and 3.1 fold greater in high and moderate severity burn plots than in low severity and unburned plots. High burn severity stimulated photosynthesis, vertical growth and biomass accumulation. Defense chemistry expression responded dynamically over time depending on burn severity. From June to August, phenolic glycoside concentrations showed no significant change in unburned and low severity fire conditions but increased 79% and 139% in moderate and high severity burn environments. By the end of summer, condensed tannins increased six-fold in high severity burn plots, with increases of 50% or less in the lower burn severity plots. Deer activity, as defined by pellet counts, was inversely related to fire severity and positively related to browse damage. Elk and cattle activity showed no significant relationship with browse activity. Greater light availability in higher severity burn environments appears to enhance tolerance and resistance of aspen against herbivory by increasing growth potential and defense chemistry expression of aspen. These results suggest that burn severity influences plant–herbivore interactions through bottom–up and top–down mechanisms, and that higher fire severity increases post-disturbance vegetation recruitment potential by increasing resilience to herbivory.
Preschool children's perceptions of food and their food experiences.

Abstract Objective Developmental theory suggests that children learn from their experiences. However, little is known about preschool children's interpretation of their daily food experiences. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to describe the criteria preschool children use to classify foods and their interpretation of their daily food experiences. Design Semistructured interviews and observations of children's play in toy kitchens were conducted with children enrolled in public preschool programs. Subjects Data were collected over a 2-year period. During the first year of the study, observations and interviews were collected from 24 children. Interviews with an additional 79 children were conducted the following year. Variables Measured The variables measured included the children's criteria for food classification and their play behaviors in a toy kitchen. Results The children relied primarily on physical characteristics such as color, shape, and texture to classify foods. The activities that children demonstrated during play sessions included meal planning, food preparation, table preparation, serving food, eating, and cleaning. Pattern coding of the observational data revealed variability in (1) boys' and girls' kitchen play, (2) children's food selection and preparation methods and postmeal clean-up activities, and (3) children's responses to picky eating. Implications These data may be used to develop a play-based nutrition education program.
The relationship of race to women's use of health information resources☆☆☆

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine, among the general public, the independent effect of race on women's use of health information resources. Study design: A population-based random-digit dialing survey of adult women, aged 18 to 64 years, was conducted between October 1999 and January 2000. Subjects included 509 women (341 white women, 135 black women, and 33 women of other races). The response rate was 66%. The main outcome variable was the use of health information resources (print health or news media, broadcast media, computer resources [Internet], health organizations, organized health events). Logistic regression was used to determine the independent effect of race/ethnicity on the use of different information resources, with an adjustment for age, income, education, and marital status. Results: After the adjustment for socioeconomic factors, black women had Conclusion: There is a large racial disparity in women's use of health information resources. Traditional sources that are used to provide patient information may not be effective in certain populations. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188:580-5.)