cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mass-forming extramedullary hematopoiesis diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology.

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is usually a microscopic finding. However, it may present as a mass-forming lesion making it amenable to fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). When mass-forming EMH occurs, it can simulate a neoplasm clinically and radiologically. Additionally, the megakaryocytes can mimic malignant neoplastic cells, particularly if EMH is not a considered diagnosis. We report six cases of mass-forming EMH diagnosed by FNAB and evaluate the utility of FNAB in diagnosing EMH. Four patients had prior diagnoses of hematologic disorders, one patient had malignant mastocytosis who presented with lymphadenopathy and one patient had a history of carcinoma. The patients' ages ranged from 46 to 78 yr with an equal sex distribution. Aspirate smears showed trilineage hematopoiesis. The cytomorphologic differential diagnosis included metastatic carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma and myeloid sarcoma. No special stains were necessary due to the classic cytologic findings and prior hematologic history. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006; 34:807–811. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Consumer Attitudes and Perceptions on mHealth Privacy and Security: Findings From a Mixed-Methods Study

This study examined consumers’ attitudes and perceptions regarding mobile health (mHealth) technology use in health care. Twenty-four focus groups with 256 participants were conducted in 5 geographically diverse locations. Participants were also diverse in age, education, race/ethnicity, gender, and rural versus urban settings. Several key themes emerged from the focus groups. Findings suggest that consumer attitudes regarding mHealth privacy/security are highly contextualized, with concerns depending on the type of information being communicated, where and when the information is being accessed, who is accessing or seeing the information, and for what reasons. Consumers frequently considered the tradeoffs between the privacy/security of using mHealth technologies and the potential benefits. Having control over mHealth privacy/security features and trust in providers were important issues for consumers. Overall, this study found significant diversity in attitudes regarding mHealth privacy/security both wi...
Wave propagation effects of broadband electrostatic noise in the magnetotail

An analysis of the wave and particle data from ISEE 1 for 1978 yielded several examples of crossings between the lobe and the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL) which exhibited the signatures predicted by the theoretical analysis of the generation of broadband electrostatic noise (BEN) by ion beam instabilities. These signatures are a gradual rise in the upper frequency of BEN as the spacecraft approaches the plasma boundary layer, and a very rapid rise in the upper frequency near the crossing into the PSBL from the lobe. Several examples of crossings are presented that exhibit both signatures, as well as a case of crossings in which the gradual frequency rise signature is absent but the rapid rise is present. This case exhibits a BEN in the range expected for the low-frequency ion-ion two-stream and the high-frequency Buneman instability.
The AJC in March 1959

The March 1959 issue of The American Journal of Cardiology was an extremely exciting issue that was almost entirely dedicated to arrhythmias. Many topics were included with regard to the mechanisms of a variety of arrhythmias, a clinical description of several important arrhythmias, including those caused by digitalis intoxication, bidirectional tachycardia and reciprocal rhythms, and the therapy for them. Several articles discussed proposed mechanisms for a variety of arrhythmias. These reports reveal the great ingenuity of investigators who had nothing more than a surface ECG from which to deduce the intricate mechanisms of these arrhythmias. Many issues are not settled even today despite further development and refinement of microelectrode and voltage-clamping techniques, experimental animal models, computerized activation mapping, and human investigation using programmed stimulation and endocardial catheter recording. Two articles in the symposium, 1 by Fox entitled, “The Mechanisms of Atria1 Fibrillation and Flutter” and the other by Scherf and Schott entitled, “Mechanism of Origin of Ectopic Beats,” dealt with explanations of the mechanisms of atria1 flutter/fibrillation and the mechanisms for ventricular ectopic beats. Both studies had lengthy discussions and the authors used skilled reasoning to try to prove that these arrhythmias were due to ectopic impulse formation and not reentry. Many of the mechanisms currently being evaluated, including triggered activity due to oscillatory afterpotentials, abnormal ectopic impulse formation and reentry, were discussed by these investigators. The main reason reentry was discarded was that at the time there were no data that suggested that an impulse could conduct slowly enough to allow the reentrant circuit to exist in a small amount of ventricular or atria1 tissue. Experimental evidence for oscillatory afterpotentials and relation of preceding cycle length to the extra beats, be they atria1 or ventricular, led these investigators to conclude that the extra beats arose by the triggering “automatic foci,” the characteristics of which could have been due to afterpotentials. We now know from the extremely fine work of Wit, Cranefield, Hoffman and Spach and their colleagues that slow conduction can occur in the presence of high potassium levels, a physiologic consequence of ischemia, in either normal or diseased tissue due to varying degrees of uniform or heterogeneous anisotropy, and due to cells manifesting the slow inward current.1-5 Thus, the main criticisms of these authors militating against reentry as a mechanism were re-
Evaluation of a new fletcher applicator using cesium-137

Abstract The improved Fletcher Applicator ∗ ∗Nuclear Associates is a recent modification of the afterloading Fletcher system. Its aluminum construction reduces the weight by 50 % and is more comfortable for the patient. Removable caps contain medially placed tungsten screens that shield tissues anteriorly and posteriorly. When the caps are removed, the colpostats can be used as Delclos mini-ovoids. A method for evaluating the dosimetry of brachytherapy applicators in a water phantom was devised so this applicator could be studied and compared with other gynecologic applicators. The results show that the transmission ratios—the fraction of radiation transmitted through the tungsten shields—differ from those of the preloaded Fletcher colpostat, but are similar to the transmission ratios of the Fletcher-Suit applicator. There is a 10 % to 25 % reduction in the radiation dose to the region of the bladder trigone and anterior rectum with the shield containing cap in place. This percent reduction in dose is in agreement with other Fletcher applicators. Misalignment of the source basket within the colpostat, and motion of the source in the carrier cause variations in the dose rate at specific distances from the colpostat.
Misalignment Torques of Hydrodynamic Gas-Lubricated Journal Bearings

Design curves for misalignment torques are presented which are valid for high eccentricity ratios. Instead of perturbation analysis, numerical analysis is used to solve the governing Reynolds equation. A comparison of the two methods is also included.
Speech Perception and Production Skills of Students With Impaired Hearing From Oral and Total Communication Education Settings

This study examined the degree to which students with profoundly impaired hearing who had been educated in oral and total communication (TC) environments developed auditory and speech skills. The sample consisted of 227 16- and 17-year-old students with profoundly impaired hearing: 127 from TC programs (63 with normal-hearing parents and 64 with deaf parents) and 100 from oral programs. Subject groups were matched in terms of age, unaided residual hearing, and IQ. On average, students from oral programs acquired more intelligible speech and made significantly better use of their limited residual hearing than did the TC students. This finding held for all TC students—those with deaf parents as well as those with normal-hearing parents. Although results of this study indicate that auditory and speech production skills are comparatively well developed in students who have consistently used spoken language throughout the day as the primary means of communicating, other factors associated with this oral sample...
Chondrocyte miRNAs 221 and 483-5p respond to loss of matrix interaction by modulating proliferation and matrix synthesis

AbstractAim: The purpose of this study was to identify the microRNAs that regulate the response of chondrocytes to loss of matrix interaction.Materials and methods: MicroRNA and gene expression was compared in bovine cartilage and isolated chondrocytes using array analysis. Those microRNAs showing more than three-fold change in expression were verified by quantitative PCR after a stem-loop reverse transcription in bovine and human cartilage, and chondrocytes. Their function was investigated using target gene reporter construct expression, quantification of cell proliferation, and analysis of gene expression and matrix synthesis after transfection with microRNA mimics.Results: Only four microRNAs were confirmed to have a greater than three-fold change in expression after isolation of bovine or human chondrocytes from their extracellular matrix; miRs-221, -222 and -21 showed increased expression and miR-483-5p showed decreased expression. Transfection with a miR-221 mimic was shown to suppress expression of...
Representing publication and distribution practices for scholarly materials: a cross-disciplinary comparison

This poster presents a pluralistic approach for representing discipline-specific, cross-disciplinary, and discipline-independent work practices related to scholarly communication. This approach has been applied to qualitative analysis from an investigation of publication and distribution practices of scholars within the biological sciences and the field of communication. The resulting representations illustrate shared work practices and areas where diverse practices exist, both of which can guide the development of digital collections of scholarly materials. This poster also considers challenges related to aligning data collection methods with the application of these representational techniques.
Spectroscopic studies of Er3+ doped Ge-Ga-S glass containing silver nanoparticles

Abstract The spectroscopic characteristics of an erbium-doped Ga 10 Ge 25 S 65 (GGS) glass containing silver were studied and compared with that of an erbium-doped GGS glass without silver. The optical absorption spectra revealed the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) related characteristic of silver nanoparticles (NPs) around 490 nm. Enhancement of Er 3+ luminescence was observed for a broad excitation wavelength region, and the largest enhancement was observed for the excitation at 488 nm, which is near the peak of SPR of silver NPs in GGS glass and in resonance with Er 3+ ions. For the excitation at 405 nm, enhancement of luminescence from both GGS host and Er 3+ ions was observed. A smaller enhancement was observed for a two-step upconversion luminescence excited at 801 nm. The observed enhancement of Er 3+ luminescence is mainly attributed to the local field effects: the SPR of Ag NPs causes an intensified electromagnetic field around NPs, resulting in enhanced optical transitions of Er 3+ ions in the vicinity.
Childhood awaits every person

This article briefly describes the activity we call Magic Spots (others use the name Sit-spots), silent solitude in the natural world with children; explores the notion of metaxic space, the space between one and another, and with the help of children’s voices introduces the important of the context in which of facilitating times of solitude in the natural world (which I call ‘stretching this in-between space enough for children to experience spirit’) takes place. The second half of the article shares examples of children’s own agency of their spirituality and finally, reflects on the characteristics needed for adults who are privileged to accompany them.
Heat transfer on a film-cooled rotating blade using different turbulence models

A three-dimensional Navier Stokes code has been used to compute the heat transfer coefficient on a film-cooled, rotating turbine blade. The blade chosen is the ACE rotor with five rows containing 93 film cooling holes covering the entire span. This is the only film-cooled rotating blade over which experimental data is available for comparison. Over 2.278 million grid points are used to compute the flow over the blade including the tip clearance region. using Wilcox's k-omega model, Coakley's q-omega model, and the zero-equation Baldwin-Lomax (B-L) model. A reasonably good comparison with the experimental data is obtained on the suction surface for all the turbulence models. At the leading edge, the B-L model yields a better comparison than tile two-equation models. On the pressure surface however the comparison between the experimental data and the prediction from the k-omega model is much better than from the other two models. Overall, the k-omega model provides the best comparison with the experimental data. However, the two-equation models require at least 40% more computational resources than the B-L model.
Magmatic precursors to the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, USA

Perhaps the most difficult task facing volcanologists today is that of distinguishing between low-level volcanic restlessness and activity that presages a full-scale eruption. We illustrate these difficulties by reexamining the sequence of events that led to the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, activity that is often presented as a classic example of early phreatic explosions leading to a magmatic eruption. This interpretation is problematic, however, given the known ascent of juvenile magma to within ∼250 m of the surface prior to the climactic event. Reexamination of ash samples from several precursory events shows that small amounts of juvenile material were erupted as early as 28 March 1980, just two weeks after the first seismic signals of reawakening, and that the juvenile content of the ash had probably increased by early May. The magmatic component of these eruptions was not recognized at the time because of the high crystallinity of the juvenile material—a signature of extensive degassing-induced crystallization during magma ascent. Identification of juvenile material in the precursory ash from Mount St. Helens has important implications for initiation of eruptive activity.
Sound velocities in MgSiO3‐garnet to 8 GPa

Velocities of acoustic compressional (P) and shear (S) waves were measured to 8 GPa at room temperature for dense (99.7% of theoretical density), isotropic polycrystalline specimens of MgSiO3-majorite garnet using the phase comparison method of ultrasonic interferometry in a 1000-ton split-cylinder apparatus (USCA-1000). The pressure derivatives of the adiabatic bulk modulus (KS) and the shear modulus (G) are Ko′ = (∂Ks/∂P)T =6.7±0.4 and Go′ = (∂G/∂P)T =1.9±0.1. Substitution of Si for Mg and Al in these garnets increase Ko′ by 26%, and Go′ by 16%, from Mg3Al2Si3O12-pyrope to majorite. The high values of Ko′ and Go′ from this study lead to much steeper velocity-depth profiles in the transition zone (400–700 km) than those calculated from the Ko′ and Go′ estimates from elasticity systematics by Duffy and Anderson (1989).
A new type of non-linear approximation with application to the duffing equation

Abstract A new type of trial solution which differs from the usual linear combination of approximating functions is considered. It involves modifying the approximating functions with “form functions;” functions containing undetermined parameters appearing non-linearly, the proper choice of which provide a closer approximation to the large local curvatures which appear in some non-linear problems. In this paper the “form function” approximation is demonstrated for steady-state solutions of the Duffing equation. This equation arises in the problem of non-linear vibration of buckled beams and plates. It is shown that the stability behavior of these steady-state solutions is governed by a Hill equation. It is found that the “form function” approximation gives noticeably better numerical results than, for example, those given by the harmonic balance method. The method also provides additional insight into the non-linear behavior, particularly in the low frequency response region.
Computation of flow problems with the Mixed Interface-Tracking/Interface-Capturing Technique (MITICT)

Abstract In computation of flow problems with fluid–solid interfaces, an interface-tracking technique, where the fluid mesh moves to track the interface, would allow us to have full control of the resolution of the fluid mesh in the boundary layers. With an interface-capturing technique (or an interface locator technique in the more general case), on the other hand, independent of how accurately the interface geometry is represented, the resolution of the fluid mesh in the boundary layer will be limited by the resolution of the fluid mesh at the interface. In computation of flow problems with fluid–fluid interfaces where the interface is too complex or unsteady to track while keeping the remeshing frequency under control, interface-capturing techniques, with enhanced-discretization as needed, could be used as more flexible alternatives. Sometimes we may need to solve flow problems with both fluid–solid interfaces and complex or unsteady fluid–fluid interfaces. The Mixed Interface-Tracking/Interface-Capturing Technique (MITICT) was introduced for computation of flow problems that involve both interfaces that can be accurately tracked with a moving mesh method and interfaces that are too complex or unsteady to be tracked and therefore require an interface-capturing technique. As the interface-tracking technique, we use the Deforming-Spatial-Domain/Stabilized Space–Time (DSD/SST) formulation. The interface-capturing technique rides on this, and is based on solving over a moving mesh, in addition to the Navier–Stokes equations, the advection equation governing the time-evolution of the interface function. For the computations reported in this paper, as interface-capturing technique we are using one of the versions of the Edge-Tracked Interface Locator Technique (ETILT).
Fly-by-light flight control system development for transport aircraft

The Fly-By-Light Advanced System Hardware (FLASH) program is developing and demonstrating dual use fly-by-light (FBL) hardware for flight control systems On military and commercial aircraft. Under the transport aircraft portion of this program, we and our industry team-mates are demonstrating two representative fly-by-light systems. These fly-by-light demonstrations include a ground demonstration of a partial primary flight control system and a flight demonstration of-an aileron trim control system. This paper describes these and discusses the dual use fly-by-light hardware developed for transport aircraft as well as the associated FLASH program demonstrations.
The Rescue From Relativism: Two Failed Attempts and an Alternative Strategy

Widespread acceptance of the notion of relativism has been prompted by post-positivist philosophers’ discussions of the role that paradigms play in empirical inquiry and their claims that empirical evidence is inadequate for settling paradigm disputes. Problems with relativism, in turn, have encouraged certain epistemologists and methodologists to resurrect aspects of local positivism. In this article, the author critiques attempts to resurrect aspects of positivism and argues that the work of certain post-positivist philosophers of science–in particular, Toulmin’s discussions of the role that purpose plays in rational decisionmaking–provides a more adequate response to the problems associated with relativism.
An integrative conceptual framework for assessing and treating suicidal behavior in adolescents

Suicidal adolescents represent a uniquely demanding clinical population. Regardless of psychotherapeutic orientation, the existing standards of care demand a relatively broad and integrative approach with multiple and specific treatment targets, as well as ongoing and repeated risk assessment. The current article provides an integrative conceptual framework for these tasks in day to day clinical practice with essentially two goals: (1) to provide a summary of therapeutic and assessment tasks (i.e. the content of therapy and assessment) consistent with existing standards of care and supported by empirical findings, and (2) to emphasize the varied roles, tasks, demands and limitations of psychotherapy with suicidal adolescents.
Local demagnetizing tensor calculation for arbitrary non-ellipsoidal bodies

The distribution of the magnetization in planar ferrite devices is nonuniform due to the non-uniformity of the demagnetizing field. A method for calculating the local demagnetizing tensor for arbitrary 3-dimensional shapes, using the Finite Difference Method (FDM), is developed. The sample is discretized into rectangular elements and the magnetostatic interaction between each pair of elements is computed. The local demagnetizing tensor is obtained as the superposition of all interactions at the given element. With proper boundary conditions the method can be applied to the computation of the local demagnetizing tensor for arbitrarily shaped bodies. The local demagnetizing tensor can be used to calculate the non-uniform distribution in the ferrite, and to optimize the shape and size of the ferrite in the CAD of microwave devices.
1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulates the transcription of carbonic anhydrase II mRNA in avian myelomonocytes.

Abstract Carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) is highly expressed in the osteoclast, where it is involved in the process of extracellular acidification required for bone resorption. We have previously shown that 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], a steroid hormone that regulates the differentiation of macrophages and osteoclasts, induces the expression of CAII mRNA and protein in avian bone marrow cells. To determine whether this regulation occurred at the gene level, we have studied the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on CAII expression in a transformed myelomonocytic avian cell line (BM2). As observed in nontransformed cells, 1,25(OH)2D3 markedly increased CAII biosynthesis and mRNA levels. The increase in CAII mRNA was detected as early as 3 hr after adding the hormone (1.9-fold) and reached 4.7-fold by 48 hr. These effects were completely blocked by actinomycin D, and nuclear run-on analysis confirmed that 1,25(OH)2D3 increased the rate of CAII gene transcription. In contrast, induction of CAII mRNA expression was not affected by inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide, and no significant changes in mRNA stability were seen. Thus, 1,25(OH)2D3 modulates CAII gene expression at the transcriptional level, and this effect does not require de novo synthesis of other gene products. These results suggest that activation of the CAII gene occurs early in the differentiation events triggered by vitamin D3 in myelomonocytic cells.
Error sources and feasibility for microwave remote sensing of ocean surface salinity

A set of geophysical error sources for the microwave remote sensing of ocean surface salinity have been examined. The error sources include the sea surface temperature, sea surface roughness, atmospheric gases, ionospheric Faraday rotation, and solar and Galactic emission sources. It is shown that the brightness temperature effects of a few kelvin can be expected for most of these error sources. The key correction requirements for accurate salinity measurements are the knowledge accuracy of 0.5/spl deg/C for the sea surface temperature (SST), 10 mbar for the surface air pressure, 2/spl deg/C for the surface air temperature, 0.20 accuracy for the Faraday rotation, and surface roughness equivalent to 0.3 m s/sup -1/ for the surface wind speed. We suggest the use of several data products for corrections, including the AMSR-type instruments for SST and liquid cloud water, the AMSU-type product for air temperature, the scatterometer products or numerical weather analysis for the air pressure, coincidental radar observations with 0.2 dB precision for surface roughness, and on-board polarimetric radiometer channel for Faraday rotation. The most significant sky radiation is from the Sun. A careful design of the antenna is necessary to minimize the leakage of solar radiation or reflection into the antenna sidelobes. The narrow-band radiation from Galactic hydrogen clouds with a bandwidth of less than 1 MHz is also significant, but can be corrected with a radio sky survey or minimized with a notched (band-rejection) filter centered at 1.421 GHz. The other planetary and Galactic radio sources can also be flagged with a small data loss. We have performed a sampling analysis for a polar-orbiting satellite with 900 km swath width to determine the number of satellite observations over a given surface grid cell during an extended period. Under the assumption that the observations from different satellite passes are independent, it is suggested that an accuracy of 0.1 psu (practical salinity unit) is achievable for global monthly 10 latitude by 10 longitude gridded products.
Gaining a Voice: Feminist Organizational Communication Theorizing

Feminist organizational communication theorizing offers an analysis of how varied feminist approaches can provide unique insights into the consequences of traditional gender interactions in everyday organizing processes. Traditional societal and organizational themes of competition, cause-effect linear thinking, and separation/autonomy are juxtaposed with alternative themes focusing on community, integrative thinking, and connectedness. By exploring these alternatives and generating specific questions from numerous perspectives, this article advocates change toward these feminine/feminist values in theorizing and in practice.
An econometric model for forecasting regional population growth.

An econometric model for forecasting net migration and natural increase is proposed and then estimated using time-series data for Texas. The model is simulated five years out-of-sample and found to be quite accurate in forecasting future population growth. It outperforms simpler prediction methods thus indicating that explicit modeling of net migration and natural increase is superior to modeling only total population. (EXCERPT)
A Graph-based Framework for Multi-Task Multi-View Learning

Many real-world problems exhibit dual-heterogeneity. A single learning task might have features in multiple views (i.e., feature heterogeneity); multiple learning tasks might be related with each other through one or more shared views (i.e., task heterogeneity). Existing multi-task learning or multi-view learning algorithms only capture one type of heterogeneity. In this paper, we introduce Multi-Task Multi-View (M2TV) learning for such complicated learning problems with both feature heterogeneity and task heterogeneity. We propose a graph-based framework (GraM2) to take full advantage of the dual-heterogeneous nature. Our framework has a natural connection to Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS). Furthermore, we propose an iterative algorithm (IteM2) for GraM2 framework, and analyze its optimality, convergence and time complexity. Experimental results on various real data sets demonstrate its effectiveness.
Fire as a Restoration Tool: A Decision Framework for Predicting the Control or Enhancement of Plants Using Fire

Wildfires change plant communities by reducing dominance of some species while enhancing the abundance of others. Detailed habitat-specific models have been developed to predict plant responses to fire, but these models generally ignore the breadth of fire regime characteristics that can influence plant survival such as the degree and duration of exposure to lethal temperatures. We provide a decision framework that integrates fire regime components, plant growth form, and survival attributes to predict how plants will respond to fires and how fires can be prescribed to enhance the likelihood of obtaining desired plant responses. Fires are driven by biotic and abiotic factors that dictate their temporal (seasonality and frequency), spatial (size and patchiness), and magnitude (intensity, severity, and type) components. Plant resistance and resilience to fire can be categorized by a combination of life form, size, and ability to disperse or protect seeds. We use a combination of life form and vital plant attributes along with an understanding of fire regime components to suggest a straightforward way to approach the use of fire to either reduce or enhance particular species. A framework for aiding decisions is organized by life form and plant size. Questions regarding perennating bud and seed characteristics direct restoration practitioners to fire regimes that may achieve their management objectives of either increasing or decreasing plants with specific life form characteristics.
GA-binding protein and p300 are essential components of a retinoic acid-induced enhanceosome in myeloid cells.

Expression of CD18, the β chain of the leukocyte integrins, is transcriptionally regulated by retinoic acid (RA) in myeloid cells. Full RA responsiveness of the CD18 gene requires its proximal promoter, which lacks a retinoic acid response element (RARE). Rather, RA responsiveness of the CD18 proximal promoter requires ets sites that are bound by GA-binding protein (GABP). The transcriptional coactivator, p300, further increases CD18 RA responsiveness. We demonstrate that GABPα, the ets DNA-binding subunit of GABP, physically interacts with p300 in myeloid cells. This interaction involves the GABPα pointed domain (PNT) and identifies p300 as the first known interaction partner of GABPα PNT. Expression of the PNT domain, alone, disrupts the GABPα-p300 interaction and decreases the RA responsiveness of the CD18 proximal promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and chromosome conformation capture demonstrate that, in the presence of RA, GABPα and p300 at the proximal promoter recruit retinoic acid receptor/retinoid X receptor from a distal RARE to form an enhanceosome. A dominant negative p300 construct disrupts enhanceosome formation and reduces the RA responsiveness of CD18. Thus, proteins on the CD18 proximal promoter recruit the distal RARE in the presence of RA. This is the first description of an RA-induced enhanceosome and demonstrates that GABP and p300 are essential components of CD18 RA responsiveness in myeloid cells.
Human Placental Transport of Oxytocin

Oxytocin (OX) has been suggested as a signal for parturition. Although OX is produced by both mother and fetus, concentrations are higher in umbilical than maternal blood. In addition, umbilical artery OX concentrations (15-40 pg/ml) are higher than umbilical vein (4-12 pg/ml) and maternal (1-10 pg/ml) concentrations. The umbilical A-V difference suggests that placental uptake and transport may be one path from fetal (F) to maternal (M) circulation. However, this difference may also reflect placental oxytocinase activity, which is known to metabolize biologically active peptides such as OX. We have investigated placental transport of OX from F to M and M to F circulation using in vitro dually perfused isolated cotyledons from term human placenta. Term human placentae from uncomplicated pregnancies were obtained immediately after delivery. A single peripheral cotyledon and corresponding lobule was cannulated and perfused. After stabilization and demonstration of adequate M to F perfusion-perfusion overlap, we studied the transport of OX (3H) with 14C-inulin (14C-IN) as permeability reference in both M to F (n = 8) and F to M (n = 6) directions during 2 h of perfusion. In addition to the higher tissue uptake observed in M to F than F to M transport direction as measured by the drop in the concentration of both 3H-OX and 14C-IN in the circuits in which both compounds were added, the same trend was found for the transfer rates of both compounds. These transfer rates which reflect the permeability of placental tissue to OX and IN were 15.17 +/- 2.79 (mean +/- SD) and 6.28 +/- 0.93 microliters/min/g (M to F) and 11.79 +/- 1.77 and 4.91 +/- 0.81 microliters/min/g (F to M). Although the permeability of both compounds is higher in the M to F than in the F to M transport direction, comparing these permeability values with respect to their molecular weight (MW) showed a significant correlation when known permeability values of polar compounds between MW 60 and 68,000 daltons were included. This correlation indicates that OX crosses the placenta in both directions by simple diffusion. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that there is little evidence of placental metabolism and degradation of OX over the period of these experiments. Oxytocin is the main therapeutic drug that is frequently used in obstetrics for the induction of labor and parturition. Under such circumstances and with respect to the placental permeability results, oxytocin could reach the fetal circulation.
Research on Text Conceptual Relation Extraction Based on Domain Ontology

At present, the ontology learning research focuses on the concept and relation extraction; the traditional extraction methods ignore the influence of the semantic factors on the extraction results, and lack of the accurate extraction of the relations among concepts. According to this problem, in this paper, the association rule is combined with the semantic similarity, and the improved comprehensive semantic similarity is applied into the relation extraction through the association rule mining relation. The experiments show that the relation extraction based on this method effectively improves the precision of the extraction results.
Knowledge and Use of Ethnomedical Treatments for Asthma Among Puerto Ricans in an Urban Community

PURPOSE Puerto Ricans have higher lifetime and current asthma prevalence than other racial and ethnic groups in the United States. A great many Hispanics use ethnomedical therapies for asthma. This study elicited participant knowledge of ethnomedical therapies, developed a typology of the therapies, and considered whether some types are used or deemed effi cacious based, in part, on informa- tion source. METHODS Eligible participants were randomly selected from the medical records of an inner-city primary care clinic serving a predominantly Hispanic community in Buffalo, New York. Thirty adult Puerto Ricans who had asthma or were care- givers of children with asthma were interviewed in person using a semistructured instrument. Qualitative data analysis followed a content-driven immersion-crystal- lization approach. Outcome measures were ethnomedical treatments for asthma known to participants, whether these treatments were used or perceived effec- tive, and the participant's information source about the treatment. RESULTS Participants identifi ed 75 ethnomedical treatments for asthma. Behav- ioral strategies were signifi cantly more likely to be used or perceived effective compared with ingested and topical remedies (P <.001). Among information sources for ingested and topical remedies, those recommended by community members were signifi cantly less likely to be used or perceived effective (P <.001) compared with other sources. CONCLUSIONS This sample of Puerto Ricans with a regular source of medical care was signifi cantly more likely to use or perceive as effective behavioral strate- gies compared with ingested and topical remedies. Allopathic clinicians should ask Puerto Rican patients about their use of ethnomedical therapies for asthma to better understand their health beliefs and to integrate ethnomedical therapies with allopathic medicine.
Verifiable Privacy-Preserving Range Query in Two-Tiered Sensor Networks

We consider a sensor network that is not fully trusted and ask the question how we preserve privacy for the collected data and how we verify the data reply from the network. We explore the problem in the context of a network augmented with storage nodes and target at range query. We use bucketing scheme to mix the data for a range, use message encryption for data integrity, and employ encoding numbers to prevent the storage nodes from dropping data.
Jesse Burkhead: An Appreciation

This article is an overview of the distinguished career of Jesse Burkhead, Professor Emeritus, Maxwell School, Syracuse University, and for eight years editor of Public Budgeting & Finance. For forty years he has influenced the field of budgeting through his teaching, articles and books. The article reflects on some of Burkhead's budgetary principles and observations which remain relevant to today's decision making.
Interaction Between an Oblique Shock and a Detached Shock Upstream of a Cylinder in Supersonic Flow

This paper describes an experimental study concerning the interaction, in supersonic flow, between an oblique shock, generated by a wedge, and a detached shock upstream of a cylinder. The experiments were performed in the Berkeley supersonic wind tunnel at a Mach number of 2.4. The experiments differ from those carried out earlier in the application of new interferometric techniques to measure the density. These experimental results were compared with established numerical results. The data obtained were used in order to understand the phenomena which appear, for example, when an oblique shock is generated at the entry to a duct on the aerospace plane. It is known that these interactions can cause significant increases in pressure and heat transfer rate.
Interrelationships Among Inbreeding Depression, Plasticity in the Self-incompatibility System, and the Breeding System of Campanula rapunculoides L. (Campanulaceae)

Abstract The evolution of breeding systems in plants is often viewed as a balance between the adverse consequences of selfing (inbreeding depression and the loss of opportunities to sire seeds on conspecifics) and the benefits of selfing (a genetic transmission advantage and reproductive assurance when cross pollen limits seed production). In this paper we examine the genetic and environmental causes of variation in the expression of self-incompatibility (SI) in Campanula rapunculoides and explore the consequences of this variation on the breeding system. Campanula rapunculoides has an S-RNase based SI system similar to that described in the Solanaceae. However, our studies of plants from two natural populations have revealed that the flowers of most individuals are self-incompatible when they first open but become more self fertile as the flowers age. Moreover, when both cross and self pollen are deposited onto the stigmas of older flowers, the cross pollen tubes grow faster and sire a disproportionate number of the seeds. In short, self-fertilization occurs only after most opportunities for outcrossing have occurred. We also found that there is significant heritable genetic variation in the population for the strength of SI in young and old flowers and for the amount of breakdown in SI indicating that natural selection could operate on the strength of SI and its breakdown. In a multigenerational study, we used controlled crosses to create families of plants with a range of inbreeding coefficients (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75). We found that fitness declined significantly over the range of inbreeding coefficients and that the decline in fitness was less for families derived from weak SI phenotypes. Consequently, it is only advantageous for C. rapunculoides to produce selfed seed when seed production is limited by the availability of cross pollen. Because of plasticity in the SI system,C. rapunculoides has a breeding system that combines the best of both worlds.
Inhibition of interleukin-10 during pregnancy results in neonatal growth retardation

PROBLEM: Interleukin 10 is considered to be important in the survival of the fetus in murine pregnancies that are known to be at risk for fetal wastage. The function of IL-10 in a normal pregnancy is not known. METHODS: In this report, we attempted to neutralize Interleukin 10 by administering anti IL-10 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to pregnant mice that have a low background risk for fetal resorptions. The first group of mice was sacrificed on gestation day 18 to study the fetal effects of anti IL-10 administration. The second group of mice was allowed to deliver to study the effects on the neonatal outcome. RESULTS: Administration of anti IL-10 mAb did not affect the duration of gestation or the fetal outcome. Neonates exposed to anti IL-10 mAb in utero showed signs of transient growth deficiency starting at 4 weeks of age that spontaneously corrected by 6 weeks of age. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of anti IL-10 mAb does not alter the duration of gestation or the fetal outcome in normal murine pregnancies; however, it appears to be associated with transient neonatal growth problems.
The ionization balance of a non-equilibrium plasma

Most of the quantitative information we have about the cosmos comes from spectroscopy. Whether it is the cosmic expansion, deviations within the CMB, the chemical evolution of galaxies, or the events that occur during a supernova explosion, our knowledge can be traced back to the analysis of a spectrum of some sort. The gas in a stellar atmosphere is often dense enough for equilibrium thermodynamic to apply. In this case a local temperature is meaningful and the excitation and ionization of the gas will follow from thermodynamic principles. The text Mihalas (1978) gives much of the underlying physics for this “local thermodynamic equilibrium” (LTE) case. The LTE limit is seldom achieved in emission-line objects. Emission lines are commonly observed when energy is deposited into a gas by some external process, perhaps mechanical or by exposure to ionizing radiation, so that the gas becomes hot. If the column density is small enough for the gas to be optically thin to continuous absorption, an emission-line spectrum will result. Complications are introduced because of the low density of most emission-line gas. Collisions between various constituents are too slow for different species to share their energy and for kinetic equilibrium to dominate. This means that a variety of processes, some with a vast range of energies, determine the properties of the gas. An atom may be irradiated by the CMB, a true blackbody with a low temperature; starlight, with typical energies of 104 K to 105 K but highly diluted; and by emission from neighboring atoms. Cosmic rays, with relativistic energies, are often present. Collisions between various constituents of the gas are not fast enough to bring them into statistical equilibrium. Even if a temperature is defined by a Boltzmann equation, that temperature would be different for each ion and level. The result is that the level populations and the observed spectrum are quite sensitive to microphysical details. This is why the spectrum reveals so much about the intrinsic properties of the gas, such as its composition, heating, temperature, and pressure. But this is a two-edged sword. We need to understand the microphysical processes that govern the ionization, excitation, and chemistry of the gas to harvest the information present in a spectrum. The Arnaud & Rothenflug (1985, hereafter AR85) paper, and the supplement for Fe by Arnaud & Raymond (1992, hereafter AR92), did much of the difficult work needed to assemble the data base that is essential for understanding the properties of a low-density gas. These two papers have over 1300 citations at the time of this writing, placing them in the highest “renowned” citation category recognized by SPIRES. A good part of these citations are because of the quality and comprehensiveness of the work. But another reason is that basic atomic rates have universal value. The data derived by AR85 can be applied to regions ranging from the solar corona to the intergalactic medium. Such atomic data are among the foundations for how we understand the universe giving them timeless value.
MPISec I/O: Providing Data Confidentiality in MPI-I/O

Applications performing scientific computations or processing streaming media benefit from parallel I/O significantly, as they operate on large data sets that require large I/O. MPI-I/O is a commonly used library interface in parallel applications to perform I/O efficiently. Optimizations like collective-I/O embedded in MPI-I/O allow multiple processes executing in parallel to perform I/O by merging requests of other processes and sharing them later. In such a scenario, preserving confidentiality of disk-resident data from unauthorized accesses by processes without significantly impacting performance of the application is a challenging task. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of ensuring data-confidentiality in MPI-I/O on the performance of parallel applications and provide an enhanced interface, called MPISec I/O, which brings an average overhead of only 5.77% over MPI-I/O in the best case, and about 7.82% in the average case.
The Neoliberal Project and Governmentality in Rural Mexico: Emergent Farmer Organization in the Michoacán Highlands

This article explores the neoliberal project in the context of Mexico's new agrarian reform and the disjuncture between neoliberal ideals and on-the-ground reality. This is examined through the case of small-scale dairy farmers in northwestern Michoacan as they struggle to understand their relationship with a medium-scale dairy processor who is urging them to organize in the name of quality. This activity is consistent with the position of the neoliberal state that advocates farmer organization and new production techniques as the solution to problems of quality, efficiency, productivity, and competitiveness—concepts articulated in new ways in Mexico by transnational corporations and the agrarian policies of the state. Framed by the Foucauldian concept of governmentality, this article examines the complex, hierarchical web of state agents and their practices through which these new neoliberal concepts and practices produce and transform markets, people, and everyday relations at the local level in intende...
Critics’ and public perceptions of violence in television programs

The following article is one of the first fruits of a million dollars’ worth of research by some two dozen investigators that was sponsored by the Surgeon General's Scientific Advisory Committee in an attempt to examine the possible links between the mass media and violence. The research upon which this particular publication is based was performed pursuant to Contract No. HSM 42–70–32 with the National Institute of Mental Health, Health Services and Mental Health Administration, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Dr Greenberg, associate professor in the Department of Communication at Michigan State University, and a frequent contributor to the Journal, was the principal investigator. Mr. Gordon, a Ph.D. candidate, was senior research assistant in the same department.
Amplitude modulation of QPM interactions and tuning curve side-lobe suppression in PPLN waveguides

Several techniques for amplitude modulation and apodization of QPM interactions are proposed and demonstrated. Using these techniques, tuning curve side-lobes are suppressed 13-17 dB compared to that of a uniform grating.
Pressureless Sintering of Zirconium Diboride: Particle Size and Additive Effects

Zirconium diboride (ZrB 2 ) was densified by pressureless sintering using <4-wt% boron carbide and/or carbon as sintering aids. As-received ZrB 2 with an average particle size of ∼ 2 μm could be sintered to ∼ 100% density at 1900°C using a combination of boron carbide and carbon to react with and remove the surface oxide impurities. Even though particle size reduction increased the oxygen content of the powders from ∼ 0.9 wt% for the as-received powder to ∼ 2.0 wt%, the reduction in particle size enhanced the sinterability of the powder. Attrition-milled ZrB 2 with an average particle size of <0.5 μm was sintered to nearly full density at 1850°C using either boron carbide or a combination of boride carbide and carbon. Regardless of the starting particle size, densification of ZrB 2 was not possible without the removal of oxygen-based impurities on the particle surfaces by a chemical reaction.