cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Victor M. Rios, Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys, New York, NY: New York University Press, 2011, 218 pages, ISBN 978-0-8147-7638-4, $21.00 (Paperback).

Victor M. Rios’s Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys is a timely and worthy book for readers interested in gaining a multiple-layered understanding of the lives of policed young people in Oakland, California. It is also instrumental for readers examining issues relevant to the school-to-prison pipeline in the United States. But more importantly, Punished is a book that can be purposefully used in education courses as part of efforts to critically examine interactions between youth, schools, and their communities.
Round-Table Architecture for Communication in Multi-agent Softbot Systems

This paper proposes a new communication architecture which is based on a round-table mechanism. Communication channels are preliminarily defined according to the matching of agent requests. A channel connects an agent to a queue of matched agents with the same interests and is scheduled to become periodically active based on their proportions in total demand and the amount of available resources. The order to activate channels and the sequence of agents in matched queues are defined based on agent time constraints. Our evaluation shows that the proposed model achieves a good balance of performance and quality of service compared with the other methods and is especially useful when the number of agents is large and the capacity of systems is limited.
Exactly Solvable Dielectrics and the Abraham-Minkowskii Controversy

We present an exactly solvable model of a classical dielectric medium that gives an unambiguous local decomposition of field and charge motion and their contribution to the conserved quantities. This is done with special care to the forces that exist at surfaces, coatings and the ends of packets and yields impulses from a hidden “standing wave” and the “ring up” of relaxing media absorbing energy and momentum simultaneously. The result is a mathematically simpler and more intuitive understanding of causality in media than the Brillouin and Sommerfeld theories and an understanding of the Kramers-Kronig relations in terms of dynamics and conservation laws. The Abraham-Minkowskii paradox is clarified from this point of view and the export of such notions to realistic media and metamaterials are discussed. This model can be extended to manifestly maintain these features as general nonlinear and time and space dependent changes in medium response are introduced and provides a universal description for all dielectrics. The Abraham-Minkowskii paradox has led to a century long debate on the proper assignment of momentum to electromagnetic waves in media [16]. Some now argue that this is now resolved and both assignments are correct when boundary conditions are correctly applied [16]. The purpose of this article is not so much to dispute that position but to view this problem and general dielectric response from a different and more intuitive point of view that does support a particular decomposition. The physical questions we can ask of an electromagnetic wave interacting with a dielectric medium are 1. What are the forces at the surface? 2. What stresses exist due to a steady state beam traversing the medium? 3. What are the impulses (and transient losses) associated with a wave packet traversing the medium? 4. How many photons are involved? 5. What are causal, damping and nonlinear (and nonlocal) effects on propagation? To be able to answer such questions, hopefully easily and with physical intuition, is a sign that we truly do understand the system and are in a good position to extend the theory to more challenging configurations that can arise from nonlinearity, confined geometries and quantum effects. In this article, we will see that the energy and momentum in the photons in a medium can be unambiguously specified and separated from that in the charge and core motions. Internal stresses can be identified with phase shifts/time lags at the charges and induced standing waves in the medium. The phase velocity turns to out be the rate at which the spatially oscillating part of the
Storytelling as a Qualitative Method for IS Research: Heralding the Heroic and Echoing the Mythic

Storytelling in organizations has long been overlooked (and sometimes derided) as a qualitative research method. However, we propose the use of storytelling as a powerful approach for information systems (IS) researchers. We conceptualize stories within the framework of the social construction of technology, using an interpretivist perspective. Each story serves an intended purpose, which corresponds to the functions of classical myths. We recommend that researchers characterize stories as performing one of four functions we classified as the experiential, explanatory, validating, or prescriptive identified. We emphasize complete stories, rather than narrative fragments. Stories possess many common elements. We provide caveats and limitations to the use of storytelling as a qualitative research method. We reveal the usefulness of storytelling for IS researchers as distinct from other favored qualitative methods such as interviewing, metaphors, observation, and the use of analysis software packages.
Maternal Obesity Alters Offspring Muscle Mitochondrial Function in Nonhuman Primates

Offspring of obese mothers have increased risk for early obesity and insulin resistance. Impairment in mitochondrial (MT) function may be a primary mechanism leading to insulin resistance. This stu...
Inpatient High-Dose Chemotherapy with Outpatient Autologous Stem Cell Support: A Model of Continuous Pharmaceutical Care

The adult autologous bone marrow transplant (ABMT) program at Duke University Medical Center has developed an innovative outpatient approach to managing patients with solid tumors with ABMT during their postchemotherapy period of myelosuppression and recovery. The use of colony-stimulating factors in combination with peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) and bone marrow for hematologic support plus implementation of prophylactic antibiotics with sequential once-daily empiric antibiotic modification regimen were key to the success of this approach. This program reduces the duration of hospitalization, and thus the costs associated with a traditionally complex and difficult therapy. More than 400 patients have been treated in the outpatient setting since May 1992. Patients are initially admitted for 5 days of hospitalization to receive combination high-dose chemotherapy with continuous hydration and antiemetic support. Twenty-four hours after completion of chemotherapy, patients are discharged on oral p...
Integrated Company and the Price Squeeze under the Sherman Act and Section 2(a) of the Clayton Act, as Amended

The subject assigned for this paper, as the title which appears in the program suggests, was, generally, buying and selling for the corporate family. This covers a very considerable amount of terri tory. If one could encompass all the problems, to say nothing of their solution, in a matter of thirty minutes, I suspect there would be many fewer antitrust lawyers and a much happier business com munity. Because my first loyalty is to my profession, I will make no attempt to accomplish any such drastic end.1
MicroRNA Systems Biology

In the past few decades, gene regulatory networks and cellular signaling networks have been regarded as the major regulatory systems in a cell. In contrast, RNAs have been thought as molecules which are only transferring genetic information for protein production. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as another layer of gene regulation. They regulate many key biological processes, including cell growth, death, development and differentiation. This discovery hints that cells have more complicated regulation systems. Genes are working together by forming cellular networks. It has become an emerging concept that miRNAs could intertwine with cellular networks to exert their function. Thus, it is essential to understand how miRNAs take part in cellular processes at a systems-level. In this chapter, I will summarize the most recent progress in understanding of miRNA biology at a systems-level: the principles of miRNA regulation of the major cellular networks including signaling, metabolic, protein interaction and gene regulatory networks. A common miRNA regulatory principle is emerging: miRNAs preferentially regulated the genes that have high regulation complexity. In addition, miRNAs preferentially regulate positive regulatory loops, highly connected scaffolds and the most network downstream components of cellular signaling networks, while miRNAs selectively regulate the genes which have specific network structural features on metabolic networks.
Modeling human bipedal navigation in a dynamic three dimensional virtual environment

The current research sought to construct a computational model of human navigation for virtual three dimensional environments. The model was implemented within the ACT-R cognitive architecture [1]. The navigation model incorporates visual search, encoding object features and spatial relationships, motion, obstacle avoidance, and incidental visual memory.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Cloning Vectors for Antiretroviral Resistance Testing

Better detection of minority human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) populations containing gene mutations may improve the usefulness of antiretroviral resistance testing for clinical management. Molecular cloning of HIV-1 PCR products which might improve minority detection can be slow and difficult, and commercially available recombinant virus assays test drug susceptibility of virus pools. We describe novel plasmids and simple methods for rapid cloning of HIV-1 PCR products from patient specimens and their application to generate infectious recombinant virus clones for virus phenotyping and genotyping. Eight plasmids with differing deletions of sequences encoding HIV-1 protease, reverse transcriptase, or Gag p7/p1 and Gag p1/p6 cleavage sites were constructed for cloning HIV-1 PCR products. A simple HIV-1 sequence-specific uracil deglycosylase-mediated cloning method with the vectors and primers designed here was more rapid than standard ligase-mediated cloning. Pooled and molecularly cloned infectious recombinant viruses were generated with these vectors. Replicative viral fitness and drug susceptibility phenotypes of cloned infectious viruses containing patient specimen-derived sequences were measured. Clonal resistance genotyping analyses were also performed from virus isolates, plasma HIV-1 RNA, and infected cell DNA. Sequencing of a limited number of molecular clones detected minorities of resistant virus not identified in the pooled population PCR product sequence and linkage of minority mutations.
Weighted generalized least squares estimation for complex survey data

Abstract If data are stratified and clustered, the intra-cluster correlation can be used to improve the efficiency of weighted estimators. However, ‘weighted generalized least squares’ (WGLS) is potentially biased. Two specification tests are presented, along with an unbiased ‘conditional WGLS’ estimator.
Assessing personnel practices in higher education: A misleading note of caution

Abstract Williams and I provided a model of the ideal or random flow of people from a pre-selection pool of applicants to a post-selection work force. Dometrius and Sigelman claim that our test of the ideal versus actual work force composition lacks statistical power. They also claim that our assumption of random terminations is unreasonable. I show that their two claims are wrong, because they did not use relative measures of female representation in the work force, and because they base their modification of our model on unsupported supposition.
THE EFFECT OF EARLY ENVIRONMENTAL MANIPULATION ON LOCOMOTOR SENSITIVITY AND METHAMPHETAMINE CONDITIONED PLACE PREFERENCE REWARD

Early life stress leads to several effects on neurological development, affecting health and well-being later in life. Instances of child abuse and neglect are associated with higher rates of depression, risk taking behavior, and an increased risk of drug abuse later in life. This study used repeated neonatal separation of rat pups as a model of early life stress. Rat pups were either handled and weighed as controls or separated for 180 min per day during postnatal days 2-8. In adulthood, male and female rats were tested for methamphetamine conditioned place preference reward and methamphetamine induced locomotor activity. Tissue samples were collected and mRNA was quantified for the norepinephrine transporter in the prefrontal cortex and the dopamine transporter in the nucleus accumbens. Results indicated rats given methamphetamine formed a conditioned place preference, but there was no effect of early separation or sex. Separated males showed heightened methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity, but there was no effect of early separation for females. Overall females were more active than males in response to both saline and methamphetamine. No differences in mRNA levels were observed across any conditions. These results suggest early neonatal separation affects methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity in a sex-dependent manner but has no effects on methamphetamine conditioned place preference.
PIGMENTATION AND SPORULATION IN SELECTED MYXOMYCETES

Chemical, chromnatographic and spectrometric methods are used to characterize plasmodial pigments and determine relationships between pigmentatioin and sporulation in selected Myxomycetes. In Physarum gyrosum (white) a single pigmenit is identified and characterized as a flavone. Physarum polycephalum (yellow) and Didymiurn iridis (brown) contain four and six components, respectively, in their plasmodial pigments which test negatively for flavones but show the presence of some type of phenolic compound. No detectable component is identified in the white plasmodium of Didyinium squamulosumn which proved to be independent of light for fruiting. The absorption spectra of all species that were light sensitive for fruiting showed common peaks in the 300-400-mu region, among others. Pigment changes associated with light absorption are reported for some white, yellow and brown plasmodial types. In Physarum gyrosum a yellow pigment forms in light which did not show the characteristic flavones present in the white plasmodial stage. Changes in absorption spectra are reported for Physarum polycephalum, Didymium iridis and Didymium squamulosum as the plasmodial pigments change prior to fruiting. Results show a close relationship between the physiology of plasmodial pigmentation and sporulation in the Myxomycete species studied. THE ROLE of plasmodial pigments in the sporulation process of slime molds was reported by Gray as early as 1938. Since then information about this relationship has been published by many investigators and summarized by Alexopoulos (1963). There is general agreement that colored pigments are in some way related to sportulation as photoreceptive agents. The report by M\IcManus (1961), however, showing the dependence on light of colorless Stemonitis fusca for fruiting, suggested that white pigments are also involved. The chemical nature of the plasmodial piginents has not been precisely described for most slime molds, and there is disagreement about many of the species on which studies have been made. In this study, chemical, chromatographic and spectrometric methods are used to characterize plasmodial pigments and establish relationships between pigmentation and sporulation in selected Myxomycetes. Changes that occur in the plasmodial pigments on absorption of light are also examined to determine their significance to the fruiting process. MTETHODS AND MATERIALS Species and general culture procedures-Myxomycetes used in this study include Physarum gyrosum Rost., characterized by a white plasmodium; Didymium iridis (Ditmar) Fries., having a brown plasmodium; yellow Physarella oblonga (Berk and Curt)Morgan;
A Standard for Storage and Transport of Damaged Spent Nuclear Fuel

The paper provides background on the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s April 1984, Director’s Decision on failed and damaged spent fuel, DD-84-9. Examples of damaged fuel transports and the recently issued NRC interim staff guidance on damaged SNF, ISG-1, are discussed. These preliminary topics form the basis for discussion of the need, development and status of an American National Standards Institute standard, ANSI N14.33, for damaged spent fuel.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Hardware-in-the-loop experiments with a simulated electric ship power system utilizing a 5 MW Variable Voltage Source converter amplifier

Real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulations demonstrate the utility of a hybrid approach to total system modeling. Part of a system is modeled and simulated with computational hardware, which interacts in real-time with physical equipment operating in the real world. In order to achieve a realistic system environment for a physical device, both the dynamics and the power required must be included in the simulation. In this power-hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) study, a Variable Voltage Source (VVS), under the control of a real-time power systems simulator, is used to emulate the dynamics of a ship-board electrical bus. This bi-directional, controllable bus supplies power to a commercial 2.5 MW variable speed drive (VSD) and induction motor (IM). To complete the environment, realistic ship propeller loads are provided by a 2.5 MW dynamometer which is also under the control of the real-time simulator. The simulation includes multiple features of an all-electric ship, including multiple generator dynamics, propulsion motor power regeneration, and pulse loads.
Development and function of a psychiatric liaison clinic.

Abstract The author explains the rationale behind the formation of an outpatient psychiatric liaison clinic at Boston City Hospital, describes the services provided there, and reviews the clinic's first year of operation. The clinic is an outgrowth of a consultation-liaison service and it integrates consultation and liaison functions within a clinic setting. It provides diagnostic evaluation and treatment of a wide range of psychosomatic disorders within the context of active liaison with the medical staff, and adds an important dimension to the research and educational needs of the traditional consultation-liaison service.
Monospecific antibody plaque formation by spleen cells from mice immunized with sheep and chicken erythrocytes.

Milzzellenaufschwemmungen von Mausen, die mit einem Gemisch von Schaf- und Huhnererythrocyten einmal injiziert wurden, verursachen lokalisierte, hamolytische Zonen (antibody plaques), die nicht aus den beiden Zelltypen, sondern entweder nur aus Schaf- oder nur aus Huhnerzellen bestehen. Lymphatische Zellen, die gleichzeitig zwei verschiedene Hamolysine abscheiden konnen, sind in Milzzellenaufschwemmungen von zweifach immunisierten Mausen anscheinend abwesend oder nur in ganz geringer Anzahl vorhanden.
Manufacturing and shear response characterization of carbon nanofiber modified CFRP using the out-of-autoclave-vacuum-bag-only cure process.

The interlaminar shear response is studied for carbon nanofiber (CNF) modified out-of-autoclave-vacuum-bag-only (OOA-VBO) carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP). Commercial OOA-VBO prepregs were coated with a CNF modified epoxy solution and a control epoxy solution without CNF to make CNF modified samples and control samples, respectively. Tensile testingwas used to study the in-plane shear performance of [±45°]4s composite laminates. Significant difference in failure modes between the control and CNF modified CFRPs was identified. The control samples experienced half-plane interlaminar delamination, whereas the CNF modified samples experienced a localized failure in the intralaminar region. Digital image correlation (DIC) surface strain results of the control sample showed no further surface strain increase along the delaminated section when the sample was further elongated prior to sample failure. On the other hand, the DIC results of the CNF modified sample showed that the surface strain increased relatively and uniformly across the CFRP as the sample was further elongated until sample failure. The failure mode evidence along with microscope pictures indicated that the CNF modification acted as a beneficial reinforcement inhibiting interlaminar delamination.
Peculiar spin echo in thick 3 He films on boron nitride

Results are reported for pulsed NMR studies of thick films (25 layers) of ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ physisorbed on carefully prepared hexagonal boron nitride substrates. Peculiar doublet structures in the NMR spin-echo shapes have been observed for temperatures $0.9l~Tl~1.2\mathrm{K}.$ These echo shapes are interpreted in terms of a two-component system: (a) a solid phase (up to 4.6 layers) near the substrate, and (b) a liquid phase near the free surface of the film.
Computer Evaluation of Indexing and Text Processing

Automatic indexing methods are evaluated and design criteria for modern information systems are derived.
Crude and Protein Nitrogen Bases for Protein Measurement and Their Impact on Current Testing Accuracy

Abstract As the value of milk protein increases, accuracy of measurement of milk protein content becomes more important. Traditionally, milk protein content has been estimated from total N. However, about 5 to 6% of milk total N is not associated with protein and varies among farms, regions, and seasons. Currently, most milk protein testing is done with infrared milk analyzers using Kjeldahl total N as a basis for protein calibration. Analytical errors occur as a result of using total N as the basis for protein calibration of infrared analyzers instead of true protein. These errors are caused by two factors: differences in mean NPN as a percentage of total N from one set of calibration samples to the next and differences in NPN as a percentage of total N between samples within each set of calibration milks. Examples of the magnitude of errors created by these factors are calculated using actual data from industry laboratories. The accuracy of protein testing using infrared analyzers for payment and record-keeping purposes could be improved substantially by using true protein as a basis for calibration instead of total N.
On the anonymity and traceability of peer-to-peer VoIP calls

Voice over Internet protocol is a technology that enables people to use the Internet, rather than the traditional public switched telephone network, as the transmission medium for voice communications. VoIP is becoming increasingly popular due to its significant advantages in cost and flexible features compared with the plain old telephone system. The proliferation of VoIP calls has significant implications on the security and privacy aspects of voice calls. For example, the use of VoIP has made it much easier to achieve confidentiality and anonymity in voice communications. On the other hand, VoIP has imposed significant new challenges in providing the same call-identifying and wiretapping capabilities as those that exist in traditional circuit-switched networks. In this article we examine the privacy and security aspects of peer-to-peer (P2P) VoIP calls and show how the use of VoIP has substantially shifted the previous balance between privacy and security that exists in traditional PSTN calls. In particular, we show that the use of strong encryption and available low-latency anonymizing network at the same time does not necessarily provide the level of anonymity to VoIP that people would intuitively expect
SU‐DD‐A1‐02: Variations of Energy Spectra and Water‐To‐Material Stopping‐Power Ratios in Three‐Dimensional Conformal and IMRT Photon Fields

Purpose: Complex dose distributions and dose gradients in IMRT may cause spatial variations in photon‐ and electron‐energy spectra. This study examined the change of photon‐ and electron‐energy spectra, and their effects on dosimeter response and water‐to‐material stopping power ratios (SPR) for 3D and IMRT beams. The later term is an important factor for dosimetry protocols and obtaining dose‐to‐water conversion in Monte Carlo dose calculations. Method and Materials: The Monte‐Carlo BEAM‐EGSnrc system was used to simulate external‐beam photon fields with 3D or IMRT features. Electron and photon energy fluences and spectra were calculated on a voxel‐by‐voxel basis using track‐length estimation for 3D and IMRT treatment plans. The water‐to‐material SPR were averaged over the voxel of interest with the electron spectra using the Spencer‐Attix theory. The relative response of ion chambers, films, and TLDs were modeled using the photon and electron spectra. Results: There was a strong spatial dependence of photon‐energy spectra in both the 3D and IMRT fields. The low‐energy (<100 keV) component of the photon spectra increased inversely with doses because of the contribution of the scatteredphotons. A similar effect was observed for electrons but to a much smaller extent. As a result, the response of film could increase by more than 10% in the low‐dose region, whiles the changes of ion chamber and TLD response were within 3%. On the other hand, the variation of the water‐to‐material SPR with energy spectra and spatial locations was not clinical significant (< 1%) for soft tissue, cortical bone, and lung, and was less than 2% for dry air. Conclusion: Photon‐ and electron‐spectra are spatial‐ and dose‐dependent in 3D and IMRTphoton fields. The spectra variation should be considered for certain dosimeters whose responses are energy dependent. For patient‐like materials, the water‐to‐material SPR was relative stable in spite of the spectral variation.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE TIC CRITERION FOR ACCEPTING TAX‐EXEMPT BOND BIDS UNDER CERTAINTY

Several analysts have advocated the TIC criterion for the selection of bids in the tax-free bond market. The proponents, however, have overlooked the bias introduced by the TIC method. An analysis is developed which shows that use of TIC can result in economically incorrect rankings for the issuer. We prove, under conditions of certainty, that given any Bid A, it is possible to construct Bid B with coupon rates arbitrarily close to Bid A such that the TIC criterion leads to acceptance of the bid with the higher present value of interest costs.
Prediction of Isothermal Equation of State of an Explosive Nitrate Ester by van der Waals Density Functional Theory

A new energetic material, nitrate ester 1 (NEST-1), has shown promise as a powerful, technologically attractive explosive. Its physical properties under compression, however, are currently unknown. Accurate density functional calculations together with a reliable empirical van der Waals correction are employed to predict the isothermal hydrostatic equation of state for this material prior to any known experimental results. The accuracy of results obtained from this approach was tested against experimentally known NEST-1 equilibrium properties and found to be excellent.
Serum protein electrophoresis in the taxonomy of some species of the ground squirrel subgenus Spermophilus.

Abstract 1. 1. Serum protein patterns of Sperhophilus undulatus, Spermophilus columbianus and Spermophilus beldingi were analyzed by two-dimensional starch-gel electrophoresis. 2. 2. The patterns, although generally similar, exhibited variation in nine fractions or groups of fractions and these fractions had taxonomic significance at the level of population, subspecies or species. Intraspecific variability of two unidentified protein fraction was observed in S. undulatus kennicotti and S. beldingi and a third protein polymorphism involving transferrin was also observed in S. undulatus kennicotti. Intraspecific divergence between Artic and sub-Arctic subspecies of S. undulatus was found and proteins from the latter show a closer resemblance to S. columbianus. 3. 3. The protein characters support present taxonomic concepts of the species of Spermophilus that indicate a close relationship between all three species and a closer relationship between S. undulatus and S. columbianus. 4. 4. Protein characters, as observed in the genus Spermophilus, appear to offer great promise as a method for systematic investigation at intraspecific levels where gross morphologic characters are least definitive.
Finding Someone to be: Studies on the Role of Intrinsic Motivation in Identity Formation.

In resolving an identity crisis, how can better identity choices be distinguished from less promising alternatives? Waterman (1990) proposed that intrinsic motivation, in the form of "feelings of personal expressiveness," serves as a third defining dimension of identity, along with the dimensions of exploration and commitment. Foundations for this perspective can be traced in philosophy to the work of the eudaimonists (e.g., Aristotle, 1985) and the existentialists (e.g., Heidegger, 1927/1962), and in psychology to the work of Horney (1950), Erikson (1958), and Maslow (1968), among others. Findings from a program of research on personal expressiveness are reviewed in terms of their potential for understanding the quality of outcomes to the process of identity formation.
Spoofing GPS Receiver Clock Offset of Phasor Measurement Units

We demonstrate the feasibility of a spoofing attack on the GPS receiver of a phasor measurement unit (PMU). We formulate the attack as an optimization problem where the objective is to maximize the difference between the PMU's receiver clock offset (with respect to the GPS time measured by the onboard satellite clocks) before and after the attack. Since the PMU uses this clock offset to compute a synchronized time stamp for its measurements, an error in the receiver clock offset introduces a proportional phase error in the voltage or current phase measurements provided by the PMU. For the most general case, the decision variables in the optimization problem are the satellites' ephemerides, pseudoranges, and the receiver's Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed (ECEF) coordinates. The constraints are cast such that the decision variables and the satellite positions computed from the solution of the optimization problem are close to their pre-attack values, so as to avoid possible detection schemes that check for large jumps in the values of these variables. We show that the spoofing attack is feasible for any number of visible satellites. As an illustration of the impact of such spoofing attacks, we present simulation results in which the attack induces errors in a real-time voltage stability monitoring algorithm that relies on the phase information from measurements provided by PMUs.
Proton Beam Irradiation Effects on Magnetic Nanocomposites

A magnetic nanocomposite material has been obtained by dispersing ball milled magnetic nanoparticles of barium ferrite within a styrene- isoprene- styrene block copolymer, sonicating the solution, and spin coating it onto a quartz crystal. Ferromagnetic resonance spectra of pristine and irradiated magnetic nanocomposites are reported. Although the flux of incoming protons was not large, modifications in the ferromagnetic resonance spectra were noticed. This suggests that the future ultra high-density media would present an enhanced sensitivity to the radiation component of the space environment.
Effect of M-E design guide inputs on flexible pavement performance predictions

ABSTRACT In support of the initiatives for implementing the new Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) in Iowa, a preliminary sensitivity study was undertaken to assess the comparative effect of design input parameters pertaining to material properties, traffic and climate on performance of two existing flexible pavements in Iowa with relatively thick Asphalt Concrete (AC) layers. A total of 20 individual inputs were evaluated by studying the effect of each input on five different performance measures (longitudinal cracking, alligator cracking, transverse cracking, rutting, and roughness) for each pavement structure resulting in about 200 simulations using the MEPDG software. The results showed that the predicted longitudinal cracking and total rutting were influenced by most input parameters. Alligator cracking, transverse cracking, and roughness remained insensitive to most input parameters. Future research will focus on comparing the predicted measures against the recorded pavement distres...
Centroid-moment tensor solutions for July–September 1987

Abstract Centroid-moment tensor solutions are presented for 186 earthquakes that occurred during the third quarter of 1987. The solutions are obtained using corrections for aspherical Earth structure.
Proteomic Signatures of Human Oral Epithelial Cells in HIV-Infected Subjects

The oral epithelium, the most abundant structural tissue lining the oral mucosa, is an important line of defense against infectious microorganisms. HIV infected subjects on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are susceptible to comorbid viral, bacterial and fungal infections in the oral cavity. To provide an assessment of the molecular alterations of oral epithelia potentially associated with susceptibility to comorbid infections in such subjects, we performed various proteomic studies on over twenty HIV infected and healthy subjects. In a discovery phase two Dimensional Difference Gel Electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) analyses of human oral gingival epithelial cell (HOEC) lysates were carried out; this identified 61 differentially expressed proteins between HIV-infected on HAART subjects and healthy controls. Down regulated proteins in HIV-infected subjects include proteins associated with maintenance of protein folding and pro- and anti-inflammatory responses (e.g., heat-shock proteins, Cryab, Calr, IL-1RA, and Galectin-3-binding protein) as well as proteins involved in redox homeostasis and detoxification (e.g., Gstp1, Prdx1, and Ero1). Up regulated proteins include: protein disulfide isomerases, proteins whose expression is negatively regulated by Hsp90 (e.g., Ndrg1), and proteins that maintain cellular integrity (e.g., Vimentin). In a verification phase, proteins identified in the protein profiling experiments and those inferred from Ingenuity Pathway Analysis were analyzed using Western blotting analysis on separate HOEC lysate samples, confirming many of the discovery findings. Additionally in HIV-infected patient samples Heat Shock Factor 1 is down regulated, which explains the reduced heat shock responses, while activation of the MAPK signal transduction cascade is observed. Overall, HAART therapy provides an incomplete immune recovery of the oral epithelial cells of the oral cavity for HIV-infected subjects, and the toxic side effects of HAART and/or HIV chronicity silence expression of multiple proteins that in healthy subjects function to provide robust innate immune responses and combat cellular stress.
Radiative muon capture

It is shown by relating the transition amplitude of radiative muon capture to that of radiative pion capture, that the transition amplitude of radiative muon capture proposed recently by Hwang and Primakoff differs from the others mainly by Low's counter terms. Despite the fact that the ''original'' transition amplitude does not violate seriously the conservation of the hadronic electromagnetic current, Low's counter terms, as introduced via Low's prescription to secure the presence of small conservation-of-hadronic-electromagnetic-current-breaking terms, are confirmed to be of numerical importance. Further, it is found in the ''elementary-particle'' treatment of radiative muon capture that the uncertainty arising from the nuclear structure can be reduced to become negligible. Therefore, an exclusive radiative muon capture experiment can in principle differentiate the Hwang-Primakoff theory from the others and yet provide a comprehensive test of partial conservation of axial-vector current.
Simulation Methodology and Evaluation of Through Silicon Via (TSV)-FinFET Noise Coupling in 3-D Integrated Circuits

Bulk FinFETs have emerged as the solution to short-channel effects at the 22-nm technology node and beyond. The capability of 3-D stacking of dies from various technologies will eventually enable stacking FinFET dies within 3-D integrated circuits. Within 3-D circuits, through silicon vias (TSVs) are a known source of substrate noise in planar bulk technologies. While FinFETs are expected to demonstrate superior noise immunity relative to planar devices due to superior gate control over and volume inversion of the active fin, the impact of TSV noise on FinFETs has not been previously quantified. To evaluate TSV-FinFET noise coupling, we develop in this paper a simulation methodology that extends the state of the art by accurately modeling substrate noise due to digital signals on nearby TSVs and improving the extraction of substrate circuit models from full-wave electromagnetic simulations. To overcome the lack of high-fidelity FinFET SPICE models that accurately capture the effects of substrate noise, we use high-fidelity technology computer-aided design (TCAD) FinFET models. Our results show that FinFETs exhibit an order of magnitude less leakage current noise transients, and two orders of magnitude less saturation current noise transients, relative to comparable planar technologies. Our findings are generalizable, showing that FinFETs are significantly more robust to substrate noise than equivalent planar devices.
Proliferation of abnormal bone marrow histiocytes, an undesired effect of granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor therapy in a patient with Hurler's syndrome undergoing bone marrow transplantation.

Granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has shown promise as a means of alleviating leukopenia associated with a wide variety of disorders. It is currently undergoing evaluation as an adjunct to bone marrow transplantation but its use in patients with metabolic disorders, such as Hurler's syndrome (HS), has not been explored. We followed bone marrow morphology in a 2-year-old male with HS who received up to 8 μg/kg GM-CSF per day because of failure of allogeneic bone marrow engraftment. Both premortem and postmortem bone marrow sampling revealed almost complete replacement of the marrow space by sheets of histiocytes demonstrating metachromatic cytoplasmic granules. Such cells were present in far greater numbers than are usually seen in untreated patients with HS or patients with HS undergoing successful bone marrow transplantation without GM-CSF. Moreover, the in vitro culture of bone marrow from a second HS patient showed a GM-CSF dose-related increase in colony formation up to a dose of 250 units/ml. Microscopic examination of these colonies showed a high percent-age of histiocytes identical to those seen in the patient's bone marrow. These observations suggest that caution should be exercised when considering administration of CSFs to patients with HS and similar metabolic storage diseases. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Temperature and humidity dynamics of cutaneous and respiratory evaporation in pigeons,Columba livia

Using a two-compartment metabolism chamber, we measured oxygen consumption simultaneously with evaporative water loss (EWL) separately from the skin and respiratory tract of pigeons exposed to various air temperatures and humidities. Both respiratory (REWL) and cutaneous (CEWL) water loss increased markedly with increasing air temperature, and latent heat loss through both routes dissipated large fractions of internal heat production during mild heat stress. CEWL as a percentage of total EWL significantly exceeded REWL (60±1.5%) at thermoneutral air temperatures, and was also a substantial fraction of total EWL at lower and higher temperatures. Both REWL and CEWL were inverse functions (apparently linear) of ambient humidity at 20 and 30 °C. These observations verify suggestions by other investigators that CEWL in birds plays a greater role in water balance and in counteracting heat stress than was previously believed.
Radial basis function method for 1-D and 2-D groundwater contaminant transport modeling

In this paper we develop a meshless method for modeling groundwater contaminant transport. The algorithm uses collocation method with radial basis functions. Numerical results are presented for several cases: pure diffusion; advection and dispersion for continuous source; advection and dispersion for instantaneous source; advection and dispersion for patch-source. The results show that the method is very simple and accurate.
Effective wettability of minerals exposed to crude oil

This review focuses on the macroscopic phenomena that can be used to assess effective wetting, especially the use of contact angles to quantify wetting conditions in the presence of brine and crude oil or on surfaces that have previously been exposed to brine and crude oil. Reservoir wettability has long been a puzzle. Wetting is almost certainly changed during all but the most careful core recovery processes and there is no guarantee that it can be preserved or recreated in the lab. Thus a great deal of effort has been directed at trying to understand reservoir wetting at a more fundamental level. The most important recent advances have demonstrated that there are multiple ways that crude oil components can adsorb to alter effective wetting, especially when an aqueous phase is also present.
Lever Arm Length Determines The Azimuthal But Not The Axial Orientation Of Myosin V During Processive Motility

In order to assess how lever arm length affects the three-dimensional motions of myosin V during processive motility, two constructs were studied using single molecule polarized total internal reflection fluorescence (polTIRF) microscopy. MyoV6IQ and MyoV4IQ contain 6 and 4 calmodulin (CaM) binding IQ motifs, and otherwise consist of the native myosin V excluding the tail domain. Bifunctional rhodamine labeled CaM replaced a native CaM, giving probe angles βP relative to the actin axis and αP, the azimuth around actin. As with other processive myosins, αP and βP exhibited tilting of the probe with each step. With MyoV6IQ, αP often returned to its initial value after two steps, as expected for nearly straight walking. This behavior enabled us to determine the orientation of the lever arm, αL and βL, as well as θL and fL, the probe angles relative to CaM. βL was 100° and 40° in the leading and trailing heads, respectively. In MyoV4IQ, βP was similar to 6IQ, but αP seldom returned to its earlier value after two steps. This indicates considerable net azimuthal rotation, as expected for smaller step sizes. Thus, lever arm length determines the azimuthal angular path, whereas the axial orientation is likely determined by structural constraints in the motor domain. Modified gliding filament assays were performed using polTIRF to detect twirling of actin about its axis during motility. MyoV6IQ twirled almost exclusively left-handed with a pitch of 1.4 μm. MyoV4IQ twirled with both right- and left-handed pitches of 1.0 and 1.2 μm, respectively. Bidirectional twirling of MyoV4IQ contrasts with every isoform of myosin previously tested (II, native V, VI and X) all of which twirled with a single handedness. This work was supported by NIH grant AR05117.
TU‐E‐BRC‐08: Investigation of Anatomical Surrogate for 4DCT Imaging

Purpose: Respiratory signal for 4DCT is typically extracted using an external respiratory positioning management device (RPM) which is often inconvenient and time consuming. The efficiency of 4DCT imaging could be substantially improved if anatomical body could be used as respiratory surrogate. The purpose of this study is to compare similarity of 4DCT sorted using respiratory signals extracted from anatomical surrogate (AS) to those extracted from RPM.Methods: 4DCT data of 31 cancer patients (15 male, 16 female, 67.0 mean age, 17 lungcancers, 14 abdominal cancers) were retrospectively analyzed. Respiratory signals/phases were derived from AS (body area of axial CTimage) using pre‐sorted CTimages and compared to those from RPM. The correlation coefficient (r) and absolute phase difference (|d|) between the two were calculated. Image quality of 4DCT reconstructed using the two methods (4DCTAS and 4DCTRPM) was scored (1 to 5, 1 is the best) for comparison. Results: The mean correlation coefficients were 0.92±0.05, 0.90±0.06, and 0.94±0.03, and mean absolute phase differences were 11.40±4.62%, 13.83±4.56%, and 8.45±2.56 for all patients, the lungcancer patients, and the abdominal cancer patients, respectively. The match between AS‐ and RPM‐derived phases was significantly better for the abdominal cancer patients than for the lungcancer patients (p‐value=0.04 and 0.001 for comparisons in r and |d| respectively. The phase difference was the greatest near the diaphragm in the lungcancer patients. No slice‐location dependency for phase difference was observed in the abdominal cancer patients. The 4DCTRPM slightly outperformed the 4DCTAS in image quality evaluation: mean scores were 2.5±0.6 and 3.1±0.8 (p‐value=0.02) respectively for the lungcancer patients, and were 2.6±0.7 and 2.8±0.9 (p‐value=0.59) respectively for the abdominal cancer patients. Conclusions: Anatomical surrogate for 4DCT sorting is comparable to RPM. Its performance is better for abdominal cancer patients than for lungcancer patients.
Diffractive interface theory: nonlocal susceptibility approach to the optics of metasurfaces

We present a formalism for understanding the electromagnetism of metasurfaces, optically thin composite films with engineered diffraction. The technique, diffractive interface theory (DIT), takes explicit advantage of the small optical thickness of a metasurface, eliminating the need for solving for light propagation inside the film and providing a direct link between the spatial profile of a metasurface and its diffractive properties. Predictions of DIT are compared with full-wave numerical solutions of Maxwell’s equations, demonstrating DIT’s validity and computational advantages for optically thin structures. Applications of the DIT range from understanding of fundamentals of light-matter interaction in metasurfaces to efficient analysis of generalized refraction to metasurface optimization.
Current Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Certified Athletic Trainers Regarding Recognition and Treatment of Exertional Heat Stroke

Abstract Context: Previous research has indicated that despite awareness of the current literature on the recommended prevention and care of exertional heat stroke (EHS), certified athletic trainer...
The synthetic epoxyquinoids jesterone dimer and epoxyquinone A monomer induce apoptosis and inhibit REL (human c-Rel) DNA binding in an IκBα-deficient diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell line

Abstract The NF-κB transcription factor signaling pathway is constitutively active in many human cancers, and inhibition of this pathway can often kill cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. In this study, we show that two synthetic epoxyquinoids, jesterone dimer (JD) and epoxyquinone A monomer (EqM), are equally effective at inhibiting the growth of two human lymphoma cell lines that have constitutively nuclear REL (human c-Rel) DNA-binding complexes, but either express (SUDHL-4 cells) or do not express (RC-K8 cells) the NF-κB inhibitor IκBα. Furthermore, in these cells, both JD and EqM dose-dependently induced apoptosis, inhibited REL DNA-binding activity, and converted REL to a high molecular weight form. In A293 cells, JD and EqM inhibited the DNA-binding activity of overexpressed REL, but not p50. Replacement of Cys-27 with Ser in REL reduced JD- and EqM-mediated inhibition of REL DNA-binding activity. These results suggest that JD and EqM can induce apoptosis in IκBα-deficient lymphoma cells through a mechanism involving direct inhibition of transcription factor REL.