cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Micronucleus induction and phagocytosis in mammalian cells treated with diesel emission particles.

Abstract Micronucleus induction and phagocytosis in V79 and CHO cells treated with diesel emission particles (DEP) were studied. After separation of the sample into supernatant and sediment fractions, the genotoxic activity of DEP was shown to reside in the supernatant fraction for the DMSO-extracted sample, and in the sedimented fraction for the dipalmitoyl lecithin (DPL), a primary component of pulmonary surfactant, dispersed sample. More particles from DMSO sediment samples were phagocytized than DPL sediment by both types of cells. This had no effect, however, on micronucleus induction. CHO cells phagocytized fewer particles, but gave a higher number of micronuclei than V79 cells. CHO cells seem to be more sensitive to DEP. Evidently, micronucleus induction is not the result of phagocytosis per se, but is due to the different response of the indicator cells to the DEP sample tested. These results further indicate that most, if not all, genotoxic compounds associated with DEP can be extracted by DMSO and that genotoxic activity associated with DEP inhaled into the lung may also be expressed by dispersion of particles in pulmonary surfactant.
Measurements of radar wave speeds in polar glaciers using a down-hole radar target technique

Abstract A new technique for measuring the speed of radar waves in polar ice sheets was developed to investigate a previously reported disagreement between the permittivities of laboratory and glacier ice. The technique involves lowering a cylindrical radar target to several carefully measured depths in a borehole and measuring the travel time of a radar wave transmitted from a surface radar unit to the target in the borehole. The experiment was performed at Dome C, East Antarctica, and Dye-3, Greenland, and useable data were collected for target depths between 200 and 800 m. After computing the range to the target along a straight ray path and after correcting the travel time for delays in the radar receiver, the velocities determined from these experiments were found to be in good agreement with the velocities predicted by Robin's empirical formula. The apparent discrepancy between the permittivity of glacier ice, as measured using the radar wide-angle reflection method, and laboratory ice now seems to be due in large part to signal delay in the radar receiver that was ignored in earlier experiments.
Total Soot Yield from a Propane Diffusion Flame in Cross-Flow

Abstract In this paper, we examine the soot yield from a propane diffusion flame in a cross-flowing air stream. Soot yield, defined as the net amount of soot per gram of fuel, from a diffusion Hame in cross-flow was compared to that from a diffusion flame in co-flowing air. We observed that the orientation of the fuel jet relative to the air stream has a significant effect on the flame shape and on the soot yield. We varied the air velocity, fuel velocity, and jet diameter to determine The effect of each of these on the soot yield from the flame in cross-flow. At low air velocities, increasing the air velocity decreases the soot yield dramatically but further increases do not have a significant effect unless the fuel velocity is increased also. The jet diameter does not affect the soot yield at a constant velocity. Finally, we propose a correlation of our data to a "mixing index" defined as the product of the air and fuel velocities.
STRUCTURE AND ASSIGNMENT OF THE LUMINESCENCE OF A NEW MIXED-LIGAND COPPER(I) POLYMER

The synthesis and crystal structure of a new copper(I) polymer, [{(Ph3P)2Cu2(μ-Cl)2(μ-pyrazine)}∞], are reported. The polymer is photoluminescent with its emission maximum at 16 340 cm-1 at a temperature of 20 K. The emitting state is assigned with the assistance of excited state distortions determined by using resonance Raman intensities. The polymer consists of (PPh3)(pyz)Cu(μ-Cl2)Cu(pyz)(PPh3) units in which pyrazine ligands bridge copper pairs to form a chain of dimers. The packing arrangement contains two inversion centers. Each dimer has an inversion center between the two coppers and the bridging chlorine atoms. A second inversion center is located in the center of the pyrazine ligand, which links the dimers in an infinite linear chain. The nitrogen atom of the pyrazine, the phosphorus atom of one triphenylphosphine, and the two chlorine atoms form a slightly distorted tetrahedron about the copper. The largest distortions in the lowest excited electronic state, determined from the resonance Raman i...
Environmental stress and transposon transcription in the mammalian brain

We recently reported that acute stress causes a substantial upregulation of the epigenetic mark, Histone H3 Lysine 9 Trimethyl (H3K9me3) in the rat hippocampus within an hour of acute stress exposure. To determine the function of this change we used ChIP-sequencing to determine where this silencing mark was being localized. We found that it showed a strong bias toward localization at more active classes of retrotransposable elements and away from genes. Further, we showed that the change was functional in that it reduced transcription of some of these elements (notably the endogenous retrovirus IAP and the B2 SINE). In this commentary we examine these results, which appear to describe a selective genomic stress response and relate it to human health and disease, particularly stress related maladies such as Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, which have recently been shown to have both epigenetic elements in their causation as well as differences in epigenetic marking of retrotransposons in human patients.
A numerical simulation of trichromatic equations in chlorophyll estimation using the spectrophotometric technique

A numerical simulation of trichromatic pigment equations is made with the aid of a computer utility program. Significant quantitative differences in the estimates of pigment concentration result from using different sets of trichromatic equations. Estimates of chlorophylls a, b, and c were found highly correlated with the application of the equations, even though the absorbance values used as input for the stimulation are not correlated. There has been a marked increase in the use of pigment estimations, especially in the use of chlorophylls a, b and c, for assessing the abundance of planktonic algae and in studies on primary productivity. Large variances have been observed with respect to estimates of the chlorophylls a, b, and c, based on differences in the use of analytical methodologies, extraction solvents, and extraction procedures in the spectrophotometric technique. A significant portion of the variance in the spectro- photometric technique for chlorophyll analysis can be also accounted for by the trichromatic equations used in the computation of chlorophyll concentra- tion. Significant quantitative differences in the estimates of pigment concentration result from using different sets of trichromatic equations, and significant correlations are found between esti- mates of chlorophylls a, b, and c by the application of the equations, even though the absorbance values used as input for the simulation are completely uncorrelated. The numerical simulation of these equations is made with the aid of a
The Pediatrician's Role in Drug Education

Pediatricians involved with local schools are often asked to help in dealing with child and adolescent drug use. Most states have mandated schools to provide drug education programs; the use of drugs has become endemic to American life. The pediatrician is likely to be considered a resource in the area of drug education because of his or her knowledge of pharmacology and the potential detrimental effects of drugs. School personnel may not be aware of the pediatrician9s interest and expertise in related areas such as child development and human behavior. PROBLEM OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT DRUG USE Prior to 1960, most illicit drug use was confined to inner city poverty groups or isolated fringe groups. During the late 1960s, the American public became alarmed by increasing illicit drug use by the middle and upper class, especially among the young. The spread of illicit drug use was first apparent in the urban middle-class college students and eventually spread to high school students and rural populations. The use of drugs also spread in terms of the numerous types of drugs used. Marijuana became a popular drug and, in some communities, tended to be used like alcohol, as a social drug. LSD and other hallucinogens hit their peak use in the late sixties and early seventies.
Influence of droplet spacing on drag coefficient in nonevaporating, monodisperse streams

It is well established that droplet interactions profoundly influence the ignition and combustion behavior of droplet clouds and fuel sprays. Four-group combustion modes of a droplet cloud have been identified, with that of single-droplet combustion possibly being applicable in practice to only a very limited number of special situations. Such a special situation, however, can arise during the incineration of liquid hazardous wastes, where droplets with large diameters congregate at the outer edge of fuel-spray cones. One or more of these stray droplets then may individually pass through, or bypass, the main flame zone and lead to a failure mode in the incinerator. In this document, the influence of droplet spacing on the drag coefficient of individual drops injected into a quiescent environment has been determined through measurement of trajectories of single, monodisperse, nonevaporating droplet streams.
Tarantula toxins interacting with voltage sensors in potassium channels

Voltage-activated ion channels open and close in response to changes in membrane voltage, a process that is crucial for electrical signaling in the nervous system. The venom from many poisonous creatures contains a diverse array of small protein toxins that bind to voltage-activated channels and modify the gating mechanism. Hanatoxin and a growing number of related tarantula toxins have been shown to inhibit activation of voltage-activated potassium (K(v)) channels by interacting with their voltage-sensing domains. This review summarizes our current understanding of the mechanism by which these toxins alter gating, the location of the toxin receptor within K(v) channels and the disposition of this receptor with respect to the lipid membrane. The conservation of tarantula toxin receptors among voltage-activated ion channels will also be discussed.
Potential applications of digital angiography in GU imaging

A brief review of the development and current and potential applications of digital subtraction angiography to imaging of the urinary tract is presented. The technique is described in a general way, and the potential applications and drawbacks of the method in its current form are illustrated.
Whitehead and a new look at teaching elementary science

If Whitehead is right, science teachers who try to increase student interest by making the science they teach more “pure” and by “covering more material” are going about their work in just the wrong way. Science, for purposes of precision in measurement, translates the dynamic world of feeling and force, of “causal efficacy” (for example, the San Francisco earthquake), into a static representation spatialized and given “presentational immediacy” (for example, the Richter scale). But notice that the Richter scale isn't very interesting (even as abstract art) apart from its connection, via “symbolic reference,” to the earthquake. Such reference is essential to give both a sense of reality and a feeling of interes to the subject, but it makes the science less “pure,” and it takes more time to “cover the material.” An example of teaching “pure” and “impure” formal logic is given as a case study.
The transport of ions and electrons through microscopically inhomogeneous passive films: Breakdown implications

Abstract The effects of microscopic non-uniformity (e.g. impurities and other point defects, dislocations and grain boundaries) on current flow in passive layers are examined. The approach is to model inhomogeneity effects by a distribution (spatial and energetic) of activation barriers to simulate the imperfections in question. The response of the resulting system to the driving force provided by the electrochemical potential gradient is obtained numerically by solving self-consistently the microscopic hopping equations for the local currents over the unequal barriers. The results of the calculations show that if the microscopic regions surrounding Cl − (or similar impurity) ions have somewhat lower activation energies for charge motion than the medium itself, the current increases exponentially (to first order) with the Cl − concentration in the passive film. This could be a very important factor for the breakdown of passivity. It is found that lower amounts of Cl − can lead to breakdown if there are grain boundaries and other easy diffusion paths in the passive layer, thus indicating that non-crystalline films can be more effective than crystalline films for maintaining passivity. Plots of the product of conductivity with temperature vs reciprocal temperature, which are exponential for uniform activation energy barriers, are shown to be non-exponential when there are easy diffusion paths in the passive layer.
Functional and biochemical indicators of pneumoconiosis in mice: Comparison with rats

Mice were injected intratracheally with silica or Mt. St. Helens volcanic ash (0.2 mg/g body weight) and examined 6 mo later for changes in pulmonary function, histology, and hydroxyproline content. Results were compared with a similar study using rats. Mice injected with volcanic ash showed significant changes only in wet lung weights. Those injected with silica showed an approximate doubling of lung wet weight and dry weight and hydroxyproline content. Larger increases in lung weight were seen if lymph nodes were left attached. Lung compliance, total lung capacity, and the shape of the pressure‐volume curve of the lung were changed as much as 22% in the silica‐treated mice. A mild degree of fibrosis with no dense lung consolidation was noted microscopically in silica‐treated mice. In contrast, silica‐treated rats showed dense lung consolidation, threefold to fivefold increases in both wet and dry lung weights and hydroxyproline content, and up to 40% reductions in pulmonary function measurements. It is ...
Separation of Metal Species by Supported Liquid Membranes

Abstract The works performed in the Separation Chemistry Group of the Chemistry Division of Argonne National Laboratory on the transport and separation properties of supported liquid membranes (SLM) are reviewed. The models and equations which describe the permeation through SLMs of metal species are described. These models have been tested with various carriers absorbed on flat-sheet and hollow-fiber SLMs by measuring the permeation of several metal species of hydrometallurgical and nuclear interest. An equation for the separation factor of metal species in SLM processes and examples of separations of metal ions are reported. The possibility of bypassing the single stage character of SLM separations by using multilayer composite SLMs, arranged in series, is also analyzed. Finally, the factors which control the stability of SLMs are briefly discussed.
Comparison of Pr-doped Ca 122 and Ca 112 Pnictides by low-field microwave absorption spectroscopy

Praseodymium doped CaFe2As2 (122 structure) and CaFeAs2 (112 structure) are characterized by modulated Low Magnetic Field Microwave Absorption (LFMA) spectroscopy. In both (Pr,Ca)122 and (Pr,Ca)112 structures, a strong hysteretic LFMA is found, with a $$T_c^H$$ of ~30 K and ~26 K, respectively. However, in (Pr,Ca)122, measurements also show an unusual Narrow Peak (NP) LFMA signal appearing at higher temperatures, above the lower $$T_c^H$$ superconducting state until a $$T_c^{NP}$$ of 49 K. We associate this NP LFMA with interfacial superconductivity, which has been found previously by highly anisotropic magnetization measurements. Furthermore, the absence of NP in (Pr,Ca)112 correlates with the absence of an interfacial phase. These results give useful information about the microwave signature of interfacial superconductivity present in the (Pr,Ca)122 system, and may form a roadmap towards a stabilized high temperature superconducting phase in pnictides.
Discourse, interaction, and testimony: The making of selves in the U.S. Protestant dispute over homosexuality

Ethnography helps to elaborate Foucault's conception of power at work to produce subjects through micro-level interactions. I examine interactions among Protestants as they discuss homosexuality in two sites, an ex-gay movement seminar and a pro-gay liberal congregation. In two opposed groups, the genre of testimony produced an authentic-seeming truth, working performatively to produce group boundaries, to legitimate authority and hierarchies in the group, and to tacitly define certain categories as abject, unlivable. That groups can produce this effect in spite of their intentions illustrates how certain forms of social power inhere in language and work through everyday talk.
Use of ponazuril paste to treat coccidiosis in shelter-housed cats and dogs.

Cystoisospora (synonym Isospora) spp. infections are common in dogs and cats worldwide, especially in crowded or unsanitary environments. Ponazuril (toltrazuril sulfone) is a widely used oral treatment, but protocols that will produce oocyst excretion below the detection limit in shelter-housed animals have not been determined. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of ponazuril paste at each of three dosages (dosage 1, 50mg/kg q24 h for 3 days, dogs n=14, cats n=16; dosage 2, 50mg/kg as a single dose, dogs n=13, cats n=25; or dosage 3, 20mg/kg as a single dose, dogs n=16, cats n=23) in shelter-housed dogs (n=43) and cats (n=64) with confirmed coccidiosis. Fecal oocyst counts and identification and fecal consistency scoring was performed pre-treatment (Day 1) and again at Day 3-4 and Day 8. There were higher proportions of animals with oocyst excretion below the detection limit at both Day 3-4 and Day 8 in the dosage 1 group (dogs 92.9%, cats 87.5%) than in the other two groups (dosage 2, dogs 76.9%, cats 80.0%; dosage 3, dogs 68.8%, cats 47.8%). Animals with high fecal oocyst counts at Day 1 were significantly more likely to be infected at Day 3-4 (dogs, P<0.001; cats, P=0.013). Fecal consistency score at Day 3-4 was not significantly related to infection status (dogs, P=0.898; cats, P=0.136). Further studies are warranted to investigate a ponazuril protocol that can safely reduce fecal oocyst burdens in infected dogs and cats to levels below the detection limit. Environmental decontamination is also important to reduce the likelihood of re-infection.
COMPLEXITY AND FAMILIARITY WITH COMPUTER ASSISTANCE WHEN MAKING ILL-STRUCTURED BUSINESS DECISIONS

Using high-level tasks typical of managerial decisions, this experimental study examined the influence of computer assistance on solving ill-structured problems. Of specific interest were the influences of complex and simple assistance on decision performance and decision maker attitudes. Our findings suggest that performance and user attitudes can be enhanced by technology that provides clear and simple instruction in good problem-solving practices. However, when that technology adds a complex array of technical options and features, the assistance may fail to improve or/and may even diminish performance and damage user attitudes. Familiarization with such complex technology may not improve these outcomes. The findings regarding the relationship between assistance complexity and decision performance are consistent with those of studies that suggest complexity has a curvilinear influence on performance. When considering the application of technological assistance to ill-structured decision tasks, the complexity of the assistance should not be ignored.
Membrane charge-associated heterogeneity of B-lymphocytes from human peripheral blood as reflected by cell partition in two-polymer aqueous phases.

Abstract Aqueous solutions of dextran and of poly-(ethylene glycol) when mixed give rise to immiscible aqueous-aqueous two-phase systems which, when buffered and rendered isotonic, are suitable for the separation by partition of cells based on subtle differences in selected membrane surface properties. Mononuclear cells from human peripheral blood were obtained on a Hypaque-Ficoll cushion and were then separated on the basis of size on a velocity sedimentation gradient at unit gravity. Lymphocytes obtained in this manner were subjected to countercurrent distribution (CCD) in a phase system which reflects membrane surface charge-associated properties. Cells in the different cavities of the extraction train were examined by fluorescent techniques utilizing goat antihuman IgM and anti-human IgD (either separately or mixed) and for their ability to form rosettes with a sheep erythrocyte-antibody-complement (EAC) complex. Results indicate that the highest percentage of fluorescing cells and EAC rosetting cells are under the left part of the distribution. B-lymphocytes are highly heterogeneous and consist of at least two distinct sub-populations not attributable to a difference in surface immunoglobulins. Experimental variation and error preclude, at present, a statement relating to the partial separability of IgM- and IgD-bearing cells. Conversely, the differences in surface charge-associated properties of IgM- and IgD-bearing cells, if they exist, must be small.
The Teaching of Ernst Troeltsch of Heidelberg

In these days of world-wide intercommunication, the hope of unity and demand for it among men are very strong, so strong that the optimistically inclined often think they already see the rosy hues of a dawn heralding the day of universal harmony. Perhaps these good people are right; but in no respect do modifying considerations appear more clearly than in matters of religion and religious thought. In these things racial as well as individual differences exist; and even between nations so near akin as Germany and the United States mutual understanding seems hard to attain. No doubt the average religious man in America looks upon Germany as a hot-bed of religious radicalism, opposed to all those principles of piety which good men wish to see preserved. There is ground for this opinion, in that German theologians have led the way in the application of the critical method to the facts of religion, and it is often still true, though far less than a few decades ago, that the theories advanced contain poison for the springs of pure religion. But this is not the whole of the picture. Besides the forces of stanch conservatism, which are as strong and as active in Germany as elsewhere, there exists also there at present a vigorous and increasing body of men, as much interested in religion as any conservatives, who are attempting to mediate the great truths of religion to the modern man, whose views are no longer in agreement with orthodoxy. To some these teachers may seem radical, but to those who realize that the great crux is the religious life itself and not this or that particular formulation of it, they convey a distinct impression of constructive renewal—renewal, because they reckon with the knowledge and forces of the new day; constructive, because they build upon and further the knowledge which the past has bequeathed and the forces to which man has ever turned for help and strength.Such a man is Ernst Troeltsch of Heidelberg, too little known on this side of the Atlantic, but a man to be reckoned with in the future here, as he already is in his own land. That a new school will form itself about him is unlikely; his teaching is too individualistic for that. But many a student is attracted by his powerful reasoning, fearlessly critical of all the prevailing tendencies—orthodox, Ritschlian, Hegelian, pragmatic—and gets from him a deeper hold on the realities of the spiritual life and a stronger faith in Christianity as the permanent expression of that life. It is this broad aspect of Troeltsch's teaching which will interest us here rather than his views concerning the history of Protestant Christianity, which is his special field.
Characterization of a toroidal well stirred reactor

A stirred combustion reactor has been deveoped to provide substantially better mixing characteristics than in the classis spherical desig. Mixing is achieved in a toroidal design with a high velocity swirling flow. The premixed fuel and air enter the reactor at sonic velocity through 32 jets located on the outside circumference of the toroid. The jets are angled so that they can penetrate and be rapidly dispersed, into the swirling flow. The reactor exhausts through ports on the inside circumference of the toroid. For fuel lean conditions, time average temperature, is evenly distributed in the reactor; however, under fuel rich conditions the temperature is lower than average at the centerline and at the walls. Time resolved measurements, of ion concentration, in an ethylene flame, show no evidence of unburned eddies. A theoretical study of the reactor behavior for CO+H 2 combustion with heat losses based on a comprehensive reaction scheme is compared with experimental data for temperature and blowout, with good agreement. Soot free toluene and ethylene combustion was possible in the reactor with substantially less oxygen than reported in the literature for hemispherical reactors. A coalescence-dispersion model of CO/H 2 combustion gave time average radical concentrations that deviate a maximum of 12% from the completely mixed case for mixing frequencies in the range estimated from jet entrainment estimates and from an isotropic turbulence model. While fluctuations in the concentration of the most reactive flame intermediates are indicated and require futher study, the reactor is judged to be useful for study of reactions such as nitric oxide formation, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon synthesis, soot formation, and combustion of near limit fuel-lean mixtures.
Evaluation Of Magnification Mammography

Physical measurements have been made to determine image quality performance of an x-ray unit designed for conventional nonmagnification and magnation mammography using screen-film and xeroradiographic image recording systems. The unit has 2 focal spots: one for nonmagnification mammography and a microfocus spot for the magnification technique. The measurements include the geometric resolution at the extremes of focal spot-to-object distances of the breast for 1.5x magnification and for the nonmagnification technique. Unsharpness due to the image receptor and due to motion will be discussed relative to the geometric resolution. Half value layer and radiation dose measurements using both the nonmagnification and magnification techniques are presented for various kVp and filtration combinations. The effect of reciprocity law failure when screen-film systems are used for the magnification technique is also described. The tradeoff between radiation output and adequate "beam hardening" to maintain low patient exposure, an especially important consideration for this unit, is discussed. Conventional nonmagnification and magnification xeroradiegraphs are shown.© (1978) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Chromosomal investigation ofCtenopharyngodon idella x Aristichthys nobilis hybrids

Diploid, triploid, and gynogenetic offspring resulted from hybridizing femaleCtenopharyngodon idella with maleAristichthys nobilis.
Rates of physical activity among Appalachian adolescents in Ohio.

ABSTRACT: Purpose: The purpose of this study was todescribe the physical activity behavior of high schoolstudents living in the Appalachian region of Ohio. Methods: A cross-sectional sample of 1,024 subjects from11 schools in Appalachian Ohio was drawn. Previouslyvalidated instruments were used to measure physicalactivity behavior over 7 days. Findings: Appalachianadolescents fell short of recommended levels of activity.They reported high rates of sedentary behavior by 9thgrade. Appalachian adolescents may be acquiringsedentary behaviors earlier than adolescents living inother regions. Low rates of activity make this populationparticularly at risk for the health consequences associatedwith inactivity. A ppalachia has the third highestpremature death rate in the UnitedStates. 1 Appalachian populations are atelevated risk for obesity, cardiovasculardisease, and cancer. 1,2 They are also themost sedentary population in the nation. 3 The surgeongeneral has recognized that regular physical activitycontributes to the prevention of overweight andobesity, heart disease and diabetes, and lowers the riskof certain cancers.
Time variability of cardiac output and stroke volume in persons without cardiac disease

FIGURE 1. Short-axis P-dimensional flow mapping view shows the flow from the flstula which was green (allased) and turbulent, extending Into the RV outflow tract (NO) just below the pulmonary valve. LVO = left ventricular outflow tract. The spectral dlsplay from thls area shows continuously turbulent flow wlth accentuation In late dlastole and very early systole. ping of the RV body and outflow tract revealed a leftto-right jet of high-velocity turbulent flow exiting in systole and especially in diastole from the RV outflow tract septal surface just below the pulmonary valve (Fig. 2). Postoperative cardiac catheterization showed a systolic RV outflow gradient of 4 mm Hg and moderate pulmonary valve regurgitation. A 4% step-up in oxygen saturation was noted in the right ventricle, resulting in a calculated left-to-right shunt of 0.7 liter/ min/m2 and a pulmonary to systemic flow ratio (Qp/Qs) of
Determining presentations of sofic shifts

A sofic shift is a symbolic dynamical system which consists of all sequences of labels occurring in bi-infinite paths in a finite labelled directed graph. The graph defines a presentation of the sofic shift. Determining presentations of a sofic shift S are a generalization of resolving (or deterministic) presentations. The collection of minimal determining presentations is a conjugacy invariant of~S. We give a procedure for constructing all minimal determining presentations of an irreducible sofic shift, which is a generalization of the construction of the Fischer covers of~S.
High-efficiency capillary isoelectric focusing of protein complexes from Escherichia coli cytosolic extracts

High-efficiency capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) separations of protein complexes obtained from soluble protein fractions are demonstrated. Size-exclusion chromatography was used as a first dimension separation to fractionate putative protein complexes with apparent molecular masses of up to 1 500 000 from an Escherichia coli cytosolic fraction. Non-denaturing cIEF separations using highly hydrophilic polymer-coated capillaries constituted the second dimension. The conditions developed produced reproducible and high-efficiency separations, corresponding to ∼2.10 6 theoretical plates and peak capacities of ∼10 3 for pH 3-10 cIEF separations in 65 cm long capillaries. Combination of the two non-denaturing separation dimensions permitted isolation and analysis of individual protein complexes from complicated biological samples. Studies indicated that many E. coli complexes were stable on the time scale of the cIEF separations, but were degraded upon more extended periods of storage on ice, necessitating rapid sample processing and fast analysis techniques.
XPS characterization of beryllium carbide thin films formed via plasma deposition

Beryllium carbide thin films were deposited onto selected substrates. Such films may serve as inertial confinement fusion target coatings and have potential for magnetic fusion reactors. The films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and four-point probe electrical conductivity measurement (FPPM) among others. XPS analyses established that: (1) beryllium carbide is the dominant chemical composition; (2) atomic Be in excess of stoichiometric carbide is dispersed within a carbide matrix and small amount of carbon is present; (3) increasing charging shifts in the XPS spectra with decreasing Be content suggests higher electrical resistivity in these films which is confirmed by FPPM of film electrical conductivity.
Vitamin E attenuates the effects of FMLP on rabbit circulating granulocytes.

Summary: Exposure of circulating rabbit granulocytes to the chemoat-tractant N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) in vivo results in transient granulocytopenia, hypotension, and car-diorespiratory distress. The effectiveness of vitamin E in attenuating these responses was tested. Vitamin E accelerated the rate of return of granulocytes to the peripheral circulation after FMLP-induced granulocytopeniaand mitigated the hypotension. The reversible adherence of FMLP-stimulated granulocytes to endothelium offers a plausible mechanism to explain the transient granulocytopenia. From in vitro studies it was found that FMLP-activated granulocytes from animals treated with vitamin E showed decreased adherence to cultivated aortic endothelial monolayers when compared with FMLP-activated granulocytes from control animals.
BRITISH TEACHER PERCEPTION RESEARCH

(1976). BRITISH TEACHER PERCEPTION RESEARCH. The Review of Education: Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 344-352.
Attitudes toward School as Related to Nongrading and Intelligence

Sf~mnzrry.-This investigation compared attitudes toward school of nongraded and graded school children. participants were 117 pupils enrolled in two public elementary schools in the same district. Both above and below average intelligence groups were represented. An analysis of variance showed that brighter children liked school better than less bright children. There was also a significant interaction reflecting more favorable attimdes in nongraded than in graded schools for less intelligent pupils but less favorable attitudes in nongraded than in graded schools for mote intelligent pupils. It was speculated that more clear-cut symptoms of recognition provided by graded programs enhanced morale for brighter pupils but lowered morale for less bright pupils. Since the Quincy Grammar School opened its doors in 1848, a tradition of vertical graded organization has pervaded American public education. Graded organization has come to be defined in terms of an amounc of learning or an educational distance to be "covered" in a single school year. The inflexibility of graded schools in relation to promotion and retention of pupils has focused attention on the need for alternative organizational patrerns for public education. One such alternative is the concepc of nongrading, an idea which has gained in popularity among educators largely due to the work of Goodlad and Anderson ( 1963). These authors hypothesized that the increased flexibility allowing for individualized instruction and opportunity to work at one's own pace induces more positive attitudes toward teachers, educational institutions, and learning in general. However, there srems to be little research evidence, or even educated guesses, concerning the validity of such an assertion (Miller, 1967). Therefore, the purpose of the present scudy was to test the Goodlad and Anderson hypothesis by comparing attitudes toward school and school-related matters (teachers, homework, math, etc.) of elementary school pupils in nongraded schools with a comparable group of pupils in rraditional graded school programs. It was also coasidered important to determine to what extent the intelligence of the pupils influenced the relationship between educational program and attitudes. METHOD Participants were 117 pupils of both sexes enrolled in 2 public elementary schools in the same school district. Fifcy-nine of these pupils were enrolled in the 5th grade of a traditional graded class school, whereas 58 pupils of a comparable age were enrolled in a school with a nongraded program. Intact classes were used. Four teachers including interns, were involved in each program, reducing the likelihood of teachers' actitudes biasing the results.
Blind Spots and Mirages: A Dyadic Approach to the Study of Team Conflict

This paper examines team member accuracy in identifying the presence of conflict between fellow team members. We argue that like other social interactions, individuals differ in the extent to which they see conflict and that specific factors determine when it is seen and when it is not. We propose that conflict accuracy is a function of individual, interpersonal, and social factors. We therefore develop a study framework for understanding individual conflict accuracy that takes into account preexisting beliefs about the consequences that conflict has on team performance, the extent to which one is in conflict with other team members, and one’s structural position within the network of team relationships. Analyses of 2,860 episodes of respondents assessing dyadic conflict between team members support the proposition that each of the factors examined—individual, interpersonal, and social—plays a role in explaining team members’ conflict accuracy. We conclude by discussing this study’s implications.
A test of the DSM-5 severity scale for alcohol use disorder.

Abstract Background For the DSM-5-defined alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnosis, a tri-categorized scale that designates mild, moderate, and severe AUD was selected over a fully dimensional scale to represent AUD severity. The purpose of this study was to test whether the DSM-5-defined AUD severity measure was as proficient a predictor of alcohol use following a brief intervention, compared to a fully dimensional scale. Methods Heavy drinking primary care patients (N = 246) received a physician-delivered brief intervention (BI), and then reported daily alcohol consumption for six months using an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system. The dimensional AUD measure we constructed was a summation of all AUD criteria met at baseline (mean = 6.5; SD = 2.5). A multi-model inference technique was used to determine whether the DSM-5 tri-categorized severity measure or a dimensional approach would provide a more precise prediction of change in weekly alcohol consumption following a BI. Results The Akaike information criterion (AIC) for the dimensional AUD model (AIC = 7623.88) was four points lower than the tri-categorized model (AIC = 7627.88) and weight of evidence calculations indicated there was 88% likelihood the dimensional model was the better approximating model. The dimensional model significantly predicted change in alcohol consumption (p = .04) whereas the DSM-5 tri-categorized model did not. Conclusion A dimensional AUD measure was superior, detecting treatment effects that were not apparent with tri-categorized severity model as defined by the DSM-5. We recommend using a dimensional measure for determining AUD severity.
DSM-5 and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

The latest iteration of the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) criteria presented in The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) includes specific elaborations of the gatekeeper criteria, a new category of stressor, an expansion in the number of symptoms, addition of a new subtype of PTSD, and an enlarged text discussion that breaks new ground in defining the criteria. We first trace the rationale underlying these changes and their impact on the prevalence of PTSD diagnoses in clinical studies and then present potential implications of the new criteria for forensic assessment methodology and the detection of malingering, interpretations of criminal responsibility and mitigation, evaluation of the reliability of witnesses, the scope of claims in civil and employment cases, and eligibility for disability.
Antagonism of Free Fatty Acid Release from Rat Epididymal Fat Tissue by Desmethylimipramine

Desmethylimipramine(DMI) has been shown to be an antagonist of free fatty acid(FFA). mobilization from rat adipose tissue by both in vivo and in vitro techniques. Utilizing in vitvo adipose tissue slices, homogenates, and cell-free preparations, it has been established that ( a ) the in vitro antagonism of FFA mobilization occurred whether the mobilization was induced by catecholamines or by other means and ( b ) the addition of DMI to an already activated lipase preparation caused a prompt cessation of lipolytic activity. These results indicate that DMI directly antagonized lipolytic enzymes and that effects on the adrenergic receptor are secondary to the primary inhibition phase. Desmethylimipramine antagonism of catecholamine-induced free fatty acid (FFA) mobilization was also observed to occur in vivo .
Review of nanostructured carbon materials for electrochemical capacitor applications: advantages and limitations of activated carbon, carbide‐derived carbon, zeolite‐templated carbon, carbon aerogels, carbon nanotubes, onion‐like carbon, and graphene

Electric double layer capacitors, also called supercapacitors, ultracapacitors, and electrochemical capacitors, are gaining increasing popularity in high power energy storage applications. Novel carbon materials with high surface area, high electrical conductivity, as well as a range of shapes, sizes and pore size distributions are being constantly developed and tested as potential supercapacitor electrodes. This article provides an overview of the electrochemical studies on activated carbon, carbide derived carbon, zeolite-templated carbon, carbon aerogel, carbon nanotube, onion-like carbon, and graphene. We discuss the key performance advantages and limitations of various nanostructured carbon materials and provide an overview of the current understanding of the structure–property relationships related to the transport and adsorption of electrolyte ions on their surfaces, specific and volumetric capacitance, self-discharge, cycle life, electrolyte stability, and others. We discuss the impact of microstructural defects, pore size distribution, pore tortuosity, chemistry and functional groups on the carbon surface, nanoscale curvature, and carbon-electrolyte interfacial energy. Finally, we review state-of-the art commercial large scale applications of supercapacitors, including their use in smart grids and distributed energy storage, hybrid electric and electric vehicles, energy efficient industrial equipment, ships, wind power stations, uninterruptible power supplies, power backup, and consumer devices. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Macrophage-dependent Apoptosis of CD4+ T Lymphocytes from HIV-infected Individuals Is Mediated by FasL and Tumor Necrosis Factor

Apoptosis of bystander uninfected CD4+ T lymphocytes by neighboring HIV-infected cells is observed in cell culture and in lymphoid tissue of HIV-infected individuals. This study addresses whether antigen-presenting cells such as human macrophages mediate apoptosis of CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected individuals. Uninfected human macrophages, and to a larger degree, HIV-infected macrophages mediate apoptosis of T cells from HIV-infected, but not from uninfected control individuals. This macrophage-dependent killing targets CD4+, but not CD8+ T lymphocytes from HIV-infected individuals, and direct contact between macrophages and lymphocytes is required. Additional analyses indicated that the apoptosis-inducing ligands, FasL and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), mediate this macrophage-induced apoptosis of CD4+ T cells. These results support a role for macrophage-associated FasL and TNF in the selective depletion of CD4+ T cells in HIV-infected individuals.
Fourier and Hadamard Transforms in Pattern Recognition

The advent of high-speed, stored-program, general-purpose digital computers as powerful information-handling devices has led to revolutionary developments in many fields. Among these are several fields that deal with important problems that previously appeared to have only extremely difficult, complex, or even unrealizable solutions. A large number of such problems have proven amenable to attack by a set of techniques known as pattern recognition. Pattern recognition has become a fertile area for the development of concepts and techniques now being applied routinely to problems formerly considered to be approachable only by humans. It is for this reason that pattern recognition is often considered to be a subset of the artificial or machine intelligence field.
Integrating microbial physiology and physio-chemical principles in soils with the MIcrobial-MIneral Carbon Stabilization (MIMICS) model

Abstract. A growing body of literature documents the pressing need to develop soil biogeochemistry models that more accurately reflect contemporary understanding of soil processes and better capture soil carbon (C) responses to environmental perturbations. Models that explicitly represent microbial activity offer inroads to improve representations of soil biogeochemical processes, but have yet to consider relationships between litter quality, functional differences in microbial physiology, and the physical protection of microbial byproducts in forming stable soil organic matter (SOM). To address these limitations, we introduce the MIcrobial-MIneral Carbon Stabilization (MIMICS) model, and evaluate it by comparing site-level soil C projections with observations from a long-term litter decomposition study and soil warming experiment. In MIMICS, the turnover of litter and SOM pools is governed by temperature-sensitive Michaelis–Menten kinetics and the activity of two physiologically distinct microbial functional types. The production of microbial residues through microbial turnover provides inputs to SOM pools that are considered physically or chemically protected. Soil clay content determines the physical protection of SOM in different soil environments. MIMICS adequately simulates the mean rate of leaf litter decomposition observed at temperate and boreal forest sites, and captures observed effects of litter quality on decomposition rates. Moreover, MIMICS better captures the response of SOM pools to experimental warming, with rapid SOM losses but declining temperature sensitivity to long-term warming, compared with a more conventional model structure. MIMICS incorporates current microbial theory to explore the mechanisms by which litter C is converted to stable SOM, and to improve predictions of soil C responses to environmental change.
Massive Magnetic Monopoles: Indirect and Direct Limits on Their Number Density and Flux

The existence of very massive magnetic monopoles is a necessary consequence of most unified theories of the strong, electromagnetic, and weak interactions. Estimates of their masses range from 10/sup 15/ to 10/sup 17/ that of a proton. Monopoles should have been produced in the ''big bang'' and survived to the present, either trapped in matter or in flight. By virtue of their huge mass, these monopoles might have eluded previous searches designed to detect monopoles with much smaller mass. I review the indirect limits which can be placed on monopoles because of the existence of large-scale galactic magnetic fields. I also review the experimental searches and reinterpret them to obtain limits for very massive monopoles. If the monopole masses are < or approx. =5 x 10/sup 14/ GeV/c/sup 2/, their concentration must be < or approx. =10/sup -27/ monopoles/nucleon from searches for monopoles trapped in meteorites. This limit is several orders of magnitude lower than the astrophysical limits.