cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Murine aggression induced by a boar chemosignal: a stimulus presentation dependency.

Abstract Male mice were used to assess for the presence of aggression-promoting cues in the boar chemosignal, 5α-androst-16-ene-3-one. The findings of Experiment 1 indicated that this steroid has no aggression-promoting properties when mixed in water. When mixed in urine from castrated males, however, the steroid was shown to induce agonistic behavior in aggressors. Thus, the steroid was shown to possess aggression-promoting cues when associated with urine. Experiment 2 was designed to assess the chemosignal properties of the steroid when mixed in urine or juxtaposed either proximally or distally to urine. It was determined that the steroid needed to be either adjacent to or mixed in urine for chemosignal activity to be evidenced. It was concluded that (1) urine may function as an orienting stimulus for the appropriate detection of the steroid or (2) the conjoint presentation of the steroid and urine provided a qualitatively different stimulus complex than either stimulus presented alone. The findings of both experiments question the species specificity of the boar chemosignal and have methodological implications for studies attempting to isolate a chemocommunicative substance. Appropriate stimulus presentation procedures need to be considered for future research projects.
Nicotine in Combination With a High-Fat Diet Causes Intramyocellular Mitochondrial Abnormalities in Male Mice

Smoking is a major risk factor for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The health risk associated with smoking can be exaggerated by obesity. We hypothesize that nicotine when combined with a high-fat diet (HFD) can also cause ectopic lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle, similar to recently observed hepatic steatosis. Adult C57BL6 male mice were fed a normal chow diet or HFD and received twice-daily ip injections of nicotine (0.75 mg/kg body weight) or saline for 10 weeks. Transmission electron microscopy of the gastrocnemius muscle revealed substantial intramyocellular lipid accumulation in close association with intramyofibrillar mitochondria along with intramyofibrillar mitochondrial swelling and vacuolization in nicotine-treated mice on an HFD compared with mice on an HFD treated with saline. These abnormalities were reversed by acipimox, an inhibitor of lipolysis. Mechanistically, the detrimental effect of nicotine plus HFD on skeletal muscle was associated with significantly increased oxidative stress, plasma free fatty acid, and muscle triglyceride levels coupled with inactivation of AMP-activated protein kinase and activation of its downstream target, acetyl-coenzyme A-carboxylase. We conclude that 1) greater oxidative stress together with inactivation of AMP-activated protein kinase mediates the effect of nicotine on skeletal muscle abnormalities in diet-induced obesity and 2) adipose tissue lipolysis is an important contributor of muscle steatosis and mitochondrial abnormalities.
HYDRATION AND DISSOCIATION OF CALCIUM HYDROXIDE IN WATER CLUSTERS: A QUANTUM CHEMICAL STUDY

The structure, stability, and properties of the hydrated clusters of calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2(H2O)n, n = 1–6, were investigated using density functional and ab initio quantum chemical methods. The results show that six water molecules are needed to result in the complete dissociation of Ca(OH)2. The stable and ionic conformer of Ca(OH)2(H2O)6 has C3 symmetry. Its surprising stability and high IR activity render hydrated clusters of Ca(OH)2 potentially significant in the nucleation of noctilucent clouds in the mesosphere. Trends in the interaction energies (ΔEe) of the complexes show that water molecules in the first shell of Ca2+ are highly stable, further alluding to the role of hydrated Ca(OH)2 in aerosol formation.
No evidence for the development of acute tolerance to analgesic, respiratory depressant and sedative opioid effects in humans.

abstract It is widely accepted that chronic opioid therapy is associated with the development of pharmacologicaltolerance.Morecontroversialisthequestionastowhetheracuteopioidadministrationcanresultin‘‘acutetolerance.” The aim of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study in thirty-six healthy human volunteerswastoexaminewhethera3-hintravenousinfusiondeliveringtwodifferentbutclinicallyrelevantdosesofthe l -opioid receptor agonist remifentanil would result in tolerance to analgesic, respiratory depressantand/or sedative opioid effects. The blood remifentanil concentration versus opioid effect relationshipwas determined before and after the 3-h infusion. Tolerance was inferred if the potency of remifentanilwas signiﬁcantly lower after the 3-h infusion. Opioid analgesia was assessed with the aid of the cold pres-sor test and models of electrical and heat pain. Respiratory depression was assessed by measuring arterialpCO 2 and minute ventilation. Subjective sedation scores were assessed on a visual analogue scale. Mixedeffects modeling was used to relate the steady-state blood remifentanil concentration to each pharmaco-dynamic assessment. Neither dose of remifentanil produced detectable tolerance to any of the measuredopioid effects following a 3-h infusion. The study was adequately powered to detect a decrease in potencyof 5–24% for analgesia, 20–48% for respiratory depression, and 32% for sedative effects. These results sug-gest that short-term administration of clinically useful doses of remifentanil is not associated with thedevelopment of signiﬁcant tolerance to analgesic, respiratory depressant, or sedative opioid effects. 2008 International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Effect of ACTH and camp on human adrenocortical growth and function in vitro.

Viable adrenal cells have been isolated from human fetuses and have been maintained in monolayer cell culture. In response to several days of ACTH treatment these cultures exhibit increasing capacity for corticosteroidogenesis. In the presence of a low-serum medium, this ACTH treatment also results in increased growth of these cultures. cAMP stimulates steroidogenesis but not growth, while fetal calf serum stimulates growth but not steroidogenesis. (Endocrinology 94: 685, 1974)
Normal mode multiplet coupling along a dispersion branch

Summary We investigate normal mode multiplet coupling along the fundamental spheroidal mode branch using three different numerical methods. A suite of 300 synthetic vertical accelerograms computed using the great-circle approximation and the first-order subspace-projection algorithm are compared with accurate accelerograms computed using a Rayleigh-Ritz variational method. In each case, the accelerograms are computed by summing the responses of the hybrid multiplets 0S10–10S55; the resulting waveforms correspond to mantle Rayleigh waves with periods between 150 and 600 s. The great-circle approximation correctly represents all but 5 per cent of the waveform variance produced by the degree-8 model of upper mantle heterogeneity M84A, for each of the sequentially arriving wavegroups R1-R6. For a contrived model with a modest amount of additional heterogeneity up to degree 20, the relative great-circle error is substantially greater, approximately 30 per cent. The first-order subspace-projection algorithm requires an order of magnitude more computer time than the great-circle approximation; however it is much more accurate. For the first arriving wavegroup R1, it correctly represents all but 2 per cent of the waveform variance produced by model M84A; this relative error decreases for subsequent wavegroups to less than 1 per cent for R2 and less than 0.2 per cent for R3. For the contrived degree-20 model, the relative subspace-projection error is 6 per cent for R1, 1.5 per cent for R2 and 0.9 per cent for R3; the relative error is less for the later arriving wavegroups because of the increasing effect of the lateral heterogeneity as well as the more rapid attenuation of the higher frequency multiplets that are not as well modelled by the approximation.
Heat Shock Protein-70 Induction Mediates Luteal Regression in the Rat

Induction of heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) is associated with inhibition of hormone-sensitive steroidogenesis and interruption of cholesterol translocation to or into the mitochondria. A number of pharmacological and physiological inhibitors of luteal cell function stimulate HSP-70 synthesis via activation of the heat shock transcription factor (HSF). In the present study we address the following questions: 1) is HSP-70 synthesis increased during prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha)-induced luteolysis or natural luteal regression? 2) Does blocking HSP-70 synthesis reverse the inhibition of hormone-sensitive steroidogenesis induced by heat stress and PGF2 alpha? Gel-retardation assays demonstrated HSF activation within 7.5 min after PGF2 alpha (400 micrograms) administered in vivo. Western blotting revealed HSP-70 synthesis by 1 h with higher levels seen at 2 h. The stress response was similarly activated during natural regression of the corpus luteum in rats. Gel retardation assays demonstrated maximal HS...
Guarded power gating in a multi-core setting

Power gating is an increasingly important actuation knob in chip-level dynamic power management. In a multi-core setting, a key design issue in this context, is determining the right balance of gating at the unit-level (within a core) and at the core-level. Another issue is how to architect the predictive control associated with such gating, in order to ensure maximal power savings at minimal performance loss. We use an abstract, analytical modeling framework to understand and discuss the fundamental tradeoffs in such a design. We consider plausible ranges of software/hardware control latencies and workload characteristics to understand when and where it makes sense to disable one or both of the gating mechanisms (i.e. intra- and inter-core). The overall goal of this research is to devise predictive power gating algorithms in a multi-core setting, with built-in "guard" mechanisms to prevent negative outcomes: e.g. a net increase in power consumption or an unacceptable level of performance loss.
Diffraction of gravity waves by a barrier reef

The gravity-wave scattering matrix for a barrier reef that separates two different depths of water is calculated by an extension of a variational analysis of diffraction by a discontinuity in depth (Miles 1967). The resulting transmission coefficient for equal depths differs from that obtained by Johnson, Fuchs & Morison (1951), which appears to be incorrect. The results are applied to the calculation of resonant amplification of incoming swell or tsunamis by a shallow lagoon that is bounded by the reef and a vertical inner boundary. The results for this last problem agree closely (exactly for equal depths) with those obtained by Tuck (1980) through a rather different approach.
Patient Satisfaction and Normative Decision Theory

This article explores the application of normative decision theory (NDT) to the challenge of facilitating and measuring patient satisfaction. Patient satisfaction is the appraisal, by an individual, of the extent to which the care provided has met that individual's expectations and preferences. Classic decision analysis provides a graphic and computational strategy to link patient preferences for outcomes to the treatment choices likely to produce the outcomes. Multiple criteria models enable the complex judgment task of measuring patient satisfaction to be decomposed into elemental factors that reflect patient preferences, thus facilitating evaluation of care in terms of factors relevant to the individual patient. Through the application of NDT models, it is possible to use patient preferences as a guide to the treatment planning and care monitoring process and to construct measures of patient satisfaction that are meaningful to the individual. Nursing informatics, with its foundations in both information management and decision sciences, provides the tools and data necessary to promote care provided in accord with patient preferences and to ensure appraisal of satisfaction that aptly captures the complex, multidimensional nature of patient preferences.
The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society

The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society. David Garland (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001).
Verifying Balanced Trees

Balanced search trees provide guaranteed worst-case time performance and hence they form a very important class of data structures. However, the self-balancing ability comes at a price; balanced trees are more complex than their unbalanced counterparts both in terms of data structure themselves and related manipulation operations. In this paper we present a framework to model balanced trees in decidable first-order theories of term algebras with Presburger arithmetic. In this framework, a theory of term algebras (i.e., a theory of finite trees) is extended with Presburger arithmetic and with certain connecting functions that map terms (trees) to integers. Our framework is flexible in the sense that we can obtain a variety of decidable theories by tuning the connecting functions. By adding maximal pathand minimal pathfunctions, we obtain a theory of red-black trees in which the transition relation of tree self-balancing (rotation) operations is expressible. We then show how to reduce the verification problem of the red-black tree algorithm to constraint satisfiability problems in the extended theory.
Image-based method for retrospective correction of physiological motion effects in fMRI: RETROICOR.

Respiration effects and cardiac pulsatility can induce signal modulations in functional MR image time series that increase noise and degrade the statistical significance of activation signals. A simple image-based correction method is described that does not have the limitations of k-space methods that preclude high spatial frequency correction. Low-order Fourier series are fit to the image data based on time of each image acquisition relative to the phase of the cardiac and respiratory cycles, monitored using a photoplethysmograph and pneumatic belt, respectively. The RETROICOR method is demonstrated using resting-state experiments on three subjects and compared with the k-space method. The method is found to perform well for both respiration- and cardiac-induced noise without imposing spatial filtering on the correction. Magn Reson Med 44:162‐167, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Stratigraphy and Hydrocarbon Potential of Upper Jurassic Formations in Northeastern Gulf of Mexico Area: ABSTRACT

End_Page 598------------------------------Upper Jurassic Norphlet, Smackover, and Haynesville deposition in Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida was controlled by the Mississippi Interior Salt Basin (MISB) and the Manila and Conecuh Embayments. Salt movement produced local variations in sediment distribution, and pre-Jurassic paleo-highs modified sedimentation. Norphlet lithofacies include eolian quartzose sandstone, alluvial-fluvial red-bed sandstone, alluvial conglomeratic sandstone, and bay black shale. The eolian lithofacies is best developed in the MISB area. The Conecuh Embayment and northern parts of the MISB and Manila Embayment are characterized by red-bed deposits, whereas the conglomerate lithofacies occurs in the updip parts of the study area. The shale lithofacies is present in the MISB and the Conecuh Embayment are s. In the tristate region, the Smackover Formation consists of a lower intertidal to subtidal, laminated mudstone lithofacies that overlies the Norphlet and an upper subtidal to intertidal lithofacies sequence dominated by grain-supported textures. The upper subtidal oolitic grainstone lithofacies is best developed in the MISB area. The Conecuh Embayment is characterized by subtidal peloidal packstone and intertidal laminated mudstone. Peritidal dolostone is the dominant lithology in the Manila Embayment area. The Buckner Anhydrite Member of the Haynesville Formation usually overlies the Smackover. This evaporite lithofacies is well developed in the southeastern part of the MISB, but thins eastward into the Conecuh Embayment. Upper Haynesville lithofacies change from alluvial-fluvial red bed dominated lithologies in the northern parts of the study area to supratidal-intertidal evaporite, limestone, and shale to the south. Over 100 oil and gas fields have been discovered in the tristate area with Smackover carbonate and Norphlet sandstone the primary reservoirs. Petroleum traps are combination traps involving favorable stratigraphy and salt features. Smackover algal mudstone is probably the source rock for the Jurassic oil. End_of_Article - Last_Page 599------------
Antigenized antibodies expressing Vβ8.2 TCR peptides immunize against rat experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

Immunity against the T cell receptor (TCR) is considered to play a central role in the regulation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model system of autoimmune disease characterized by a restricted usage of TCR genes. Methods of specific vaccination against the TCR of pathogenetic T cells have included attenuated T cells and synthetic peptides from the sequence of the TCR. These approaches have led to the concept that anti-idiotypic immunity against antigenic sites of the TCR, which are a key regulatory element in this disease. The present study in the Lewis rat used a conventional idiotypic immunization based on antigenized antibodies expressing selected peptide sequences of the Vβ8.2 TCR (93ASSDSSNTE101 and 39DMGHGLRLIHYSYDVNSTEKG59). The study demonstrates that vaccination with antigenized antibodies markedly attenuates, and in some instances, prevents clinical EAE induced with the encephalitogenic peptide 68GSLPQKSQRSQDENPVVHF88 in complete Freunds' adjuvant (CFA). Antigenized antibodies induced an anti-idiotypic response against the Vβ8.2 TCR, which was detected by ELISA and flowcytometry. No evidence was obtained of a T cell response against the corresponding Vβ8.2 TCR peptides. The results indicate that antigenized antibodies expressing conformationally-constrained TCR peptides are a simple means to induce humoral anti-idiotypic immunity against the TCR and to vaccinate against EAE. The study also suggests the possibility to target idiotypic determinants of TCR borne on pathogenetic T cells to vaccinate against disease.
Barriers to Evidence-Based Practice Implementation: Results of a Qualitative Study

This study reports on a qualitative study of barriers to EBP implementation in one state that sought to implement supported employment and integrated dual diagnosis treatment. The study found that the most significant obstacles emanated from the behavior of supervisors, front-line staff and other professionals in the agency. A lack of synergy profoundly impeded implementation.
Comparison of Individual and Group/Consultation Treatment Methods for Preschool Children With Developmental Delays

OBJECTIVES Although alternative treatment methods are becoming more widely discussed and implemented in pediatric occupational therapy, empirical data demonstrating the effectiveness of these treatment methods are lacking. The present study compares the effectiveness of an alternative treatment method (group/consultation) to traditional direct therapy. METHOD Eighteen preschool subjects classified as developmentally delayed received either individual/direct therapy or group/consultation therapy. Each child was assessed initially and again 7 months later with three standardized tests assessing fine motor and gross motor development, functional skills in the home, and nonverbal intelligence. RESULTS Subjects in both treatment methods demonstrated significant increases in both fine and gross motor skills with the rate approximating that of the normal distribution of typically developing children. CONCLUSION There were no statistically significant differences between treatment methods on any of the assessments.
An analysis of evaporative self-assembly of micro particles in printed picoliter suspension droplets

article i nfo We report systematic experimental and computational studies to analyze evaporative self-assembly of micro particles in printed picoliter suspension droplets. Evaporative self-assembly of micro particles in picoliter droplets is enabled by a droplet-printing system for small-scale particle suspension droplets. Experiments were performed to study the regime where particle interactive forces become comparable to hydrodynamic, evaporative forces of an evaporating droplet. A particle-based computational method was developed to calculate the particle-to-particle clustering time. In this study, we verify that there is a time-scale competition between particle-to-particle clustering and evaporation of the liquid medium that determines the final morphology of micro particle assemblies.
The Clinical Significance of Statistical Significance

Modern clinical trials provide the evidence for most therapeutic advances, and that evidence, expressed in a statistical format, is used to draw inferences about a population from the study’s results. Clinician judgment translates these inferences for best individual patient care, but many cliniciansstrugglewiththestatisticalinterpretationoftrial results. This review provides a clinical and non-Bayesian perspective on some key elements in the statistical design, analysis, and interpretation of randomized, comparative, phase III clinical trials intended to demonstrate a better outcome (superiority) than with a control treatment. The Oncologist 2008;13:1129–1133
Asympotic capacity bounds for ad-hoc networks revisited: the directional and smart antenna cases

Directional and smart antennas can be useful in increasing the capacity of wireless ad hoc networks. A number of media access and routing protocols have been recently proposed for use with such antennas, and have shown significant performance improvements over the omni-directional case. However, it is important to explore if and how different directional and smart antenna designs affect the asymptotic capacity bounds, derived by Kumar and Gupta (2000). These bounds are inherent to specific ad-hoc network characteristics, like the shared nature of the wireless media and multihop connectivity, and may pose major scalability limitations for such networks. In this paper, we look into how directional and smart antennas can affect the asymptotic behavior of an ad-hoc network's capacity. Specifically, we perform a capacity analysis for an ideal flat-topped antenna, a linear phased-array antenna, and a fully adaptive array antenna model. Finally, we explain how an ad-hoc network designer can manipulate different antenna parameters to mitigate the scalability problem of ad-hoc networks.
The Promotion of Self‐Regulation as a Means of Enhancing School Readiness and Early Achievement in Children at Risk for School Failure

This article reviews the literature on self-regulation and the development of school readiness and academic competence in early childhood. It focuses on relations between the development of cognitive aspects of regulation-referred to as executive functions and defined as abilities used to regulate information and to organize thinking in goal-directed activities-and the development of reactivity and regulation in stimulus-driven emotion, attention, and physiological stress response systems. It examines a bidirectional model of cognition-emotion interaction in the development of self-regulation in which top-down executive control of thought and behavior develops in reciprocal and interactive relation to bottom-up influences of emotion and stress reactivity. The bidirectional model is examined within the context of innovative preschool interventions designed to promote school readiness by promoting the development of self-regulation.
Suppression of antiferroelectricity in TiSe2 by excess carriers

Analysis of the optical reflectivity spectra of TiSe2 at room temperature shows that the lattice polarizabilityet* as well as the electronic polarizability ɛ∞ are unusually large. This suggests to us that the phase transition atT0=200 K is a phonon-driven antiferroelectric transition. The properties of such a soft-mode transition in a semi-metal are investigated. It is found that excess carriers suppress the transition and that the excess resistivity at the transition varies as |T−T0|−1.
On the evolution of thunderstorm rotation

Abstract A vertical velocity field is chosen which imitates that of the initial stages of cloud development as simulated numerically by Wilhelmson and Klemp (1978). Given this, an approximate version of the equation for the vertical component of the vorticity is solved. The vertical velocity is assumed to vary with height as sin πz/H where a is the altitude and H is the depth of the domain. At the level of nondivergence (z=H/2), the solutions indicate the development of a vortex pair which then splits into two vortex pairs one moving to the right of the mean wind and the other to the left (as observed in the numerical model). At lower levels, owing to the convergence in the updraft and divergence in the downdraft, the cyclonic/anticyclonic member of the vortex pair in the rightward/leftward moving storm is greatly enhanced. The vorticity maximum is initially on the maximum gradient of vertical velocity. At mid-levels the maximum vorticity migrates with time close to the position of maximum vertical veloci...
A program for total parenteral nutrition at home.

Total parenteral nutrition is of undisputed value in improving and maintaining patients who are otherwise unable to ingest food adequately by mouth or by tube. A relatively simple closed system for the preparation of solutions and their administration permits safe application of total parenteral nutrition at home. Selected patients who otherwise will remain in hospital or die are able to have an acceptable quality of life at home in a good state of nutrition and with freedom from their intravenous solutions for many hours per day. Based on experience with eleven patients main- tamed on total parentral nutrition at home, recommendations are made for patient selection, train- ing, total parenteral nutrition composition, and follow-up. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 28: 1429-1435,
Extraneous Affect and Credit Card Offers

Credit cards are one of the most common forms of credit offered to consumers and one in which information is highly standardized through mandated disclosures. Three experiments examine the effects of affect inductions (mild positive or anxious affect) on the use of credit card disclosure information by college undergraduates. Overall, these consumers made use of federally mandated disclosures but also show evidence that their affect or mood influences the process. Participants in whom positive affect was induced were more likely to notice omitted or missing information in the disclosure as well as to seek more items of information than controls. This is consistent with positive affect being associated with broader and also more flexible thinking. These results suggest that credit disclosure policies should include all relevant information if a goal is more complete use of information by consumers across various moods. Also, activities which even briefly force consumers to use the information in a disclosure enhance the ability of those in non positive moods to use the disclosure.
Novel immunotherapeutic approaches to the treatment of urothelial carcinoma.

Immunotherapy has long played a role in urothelial cancers with the use of bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) being a mainstay in the treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. Novel therapeutic approaches have not significantly impacted mortality in this population and so a renaissance in immunotherapy has resulted. This includes recombinant BCG, oncolytic viruses, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, and adoptive T-cell therapy. Herein, we provide a review of the current state of the art and future therapies regarding immunotherapeutic strategies for urothelial carcinoma.
The historical archaeology of the impact of colonialism in 17th-century South Africa

The written sources are overwhelming for that great historical event, the conquest of the world by Europeans between the 15th and the 19th centuries. Historical archaeology, especially in north America, now provides an important source of evidence of a different character. But what was it like to receive Europeans on your shore, what was it like to be dispossesed? Here is a report specifically concerned with relations between native and newcomer at the Cape, one of those African regions which first felt the European impact.
Revenue-Generating Projects on Highway Rights-of-Way: State of the Practice

AbstractThis paper presents in detail the results of the first phase of a Florida Department of Transportation (DOT) funded research project on the alternative uses of highway rights-of-way (ROWs) to generate revenue and establishes the state-of-the-practice of the subject matter in the United States. Two major data collection modes were used to achieve the objectives of this paper including a comprehensive literature review and a national survey of state DOTs, which collectively provide valuable up-to-date information on the experience and practices of the state DOTs that have implemented or investigated projects designed for highway ROWs. The results suggest that state DOTs are very receptive to some newly emerging renewable-energy-related and sustainability-related projects in highway ROWs, specifically solar arrays, EV charging infrastructure, and LED lighting retrofits. The application of wind-energy, biomass-conversion, and carbon-sequestration projects in highway ROWs seem to be emerging relatively...
Role of Marine Fungi in the Biochemistry of the Oceans. VI. Interactions of Zalerion Maritimum with the Pesticides Aldrin and Dieldrin

The marine deuteromycete Zalerion maritimum was grown in a simulated marine environment containing the chlorinated cyclodiene pesticides aldrin and dieldrin, with and without glucose. Fungal respon...
Objective structured clinical examination as a novel tool in inflammatory bowel disease fellowship education.

BACKGROUND Experiential learning in medical education, as exemplified by objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs), is a well-validated approach for improving trainee performance. Furthermore, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has identified OSCEs as an ideal method for assessing the core competency of interpersonal and communication skills. Here, we describe a novel educational tool, the inflammatory bowel disease OSCE (IBD OSCE), to assess and improve this clinical skill set in Gastroenterology fellows. METHODS We developed a 4-station IBD OSCE that assessed shared decision making, physician-physician communication, and physician-patient consultative skills specifically related to the care of patients with IBD. Each station was videotaped and observed live by faculty gastroenterologists. Behaviorally anchored checklists were scored independently by a faculty observer and the standardized patient/physician, who both provided feedback to the fellow immediately after each case. Post-OSCE, fellows attended a debriefing session on patient communication and were surveyed to assess their perspective on the examination's educational value. RESULTS Twelve second-year gastroenterology fellows from 5 fellowship programs participated in the IBD OSCE. Fellows performed well in all measured domains and rated the experience highly for its educational value. Fellows cited IBD as an area of relative deficiency in their education compared with other knowledge areas within gastroenterology. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first OSCE designed specifically for the evaluation of skills as they relate to IBD management. Using OSCEs for IBD education provides an opportunity to robustly assess core competencies and the role of the physician as an educator.
The Nematode Neoaplectana carpocapsae Weiser and its Effect on Selected Ichneumonid and Braconid Parasites

The exposure of larvae of the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth), containing the ichneumonid parasites, Hyposoter exiguae (Viereck), to the nematode, Neoaplectana carpocapsae Weiser, adversely affected the parasites. When armyworms containing 8-day-old H. exiguae fed on alfalfa leaves treated until runoff with a suspension of 500 or 1000 nematodes/ml, the majority of the parasites which farmed cocoons were infected with the nematode. Only 34 and 14%, respectively, of these cocoons yielded adult parasites in contrast to 93% of the cocoons in the control. Pupae of H. exiguae , Apanteles medicaginis Muesebeck and Chelonus sp. in intact cocoons were resistant to infection by N. carpocapsae while parasite pupae in intentionally punctured cocoons had infection rates between 56 and 100%. Scanning electron microscope observations on cocoon structure indicated that the resistance of these parasites to infection in intact cocoons was due to the presence of a pore-free layer of silk within the cocoon which acted as a mechanical barrier to the nematode. The impact of other microbial agents and N. carpocapsae on insect parasites is discussed.
Rank estimation for the functional linear model

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the estimation of the parameter function for a functional linear regression model under heavy-tailed errors' distributions and in the presence of outliers. Standard approaches of reducing the high dimensionality, which is inherent in functional data, are considered. After reducing the functional model to a standard multiple linear regression model, a weighted rank-based procedure is carried out to estimate the regression parameters. A Monte Carlo simulation and a real-world example are used to show the performance of the proposed estimator and a comparison made with the least-squares and least absolute deviation estimators.
Be care of reading new edition "Chinese Library Taxonomy", do well in book distributing work

ln this paper, the effect on book signing work after mending of "Chinese Library Taxonomy" is dis- cussed. The author also gives some examples to instruct how to distribute books according to present books col- lected.
Detection of Interleukin-6,18、TNF-α and INF-γ in Children with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Objective To study the changes of interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-18,TNF-α、INF-γ in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP).Methods The serum of IL-6,IL-18,TNF-α、INF-γ in 40 ITP patients and 20 normal control children were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The serum IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α、INF-γ in ITP patients were all elevated.There were significant difference between ITP group and normol group(P0.01).Conclusion IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α、INF-γ maybe take part in the etiology of ITP.
Screen-identified selective inhibitor of lysine demethylase 5A blocks cancer cell growth and drug resistance.

// Molly Gale 1 , Joyce Sayegh 1, 3 , Jian Cao 1 , Michael Norcia 2 , Peter Gareiss 2 , Denton Hoyer 2 , Jane S. Merkel 2 , Qin Yan 1 1 Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA 2 Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA 3 Current address: Department of Biology and Chemistry, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA, USA Correspondence to: Qin Yan, email: qin.yan@yale.edu Keywords: histone demethylase inhibitor, KDM5A, anti-cancer drug, drug resistance, epigenetics Received: February 23, 2016 Accepted: May 05, 2016 Published: May 21, 2016 ABSTRACT Lysine demethylase 5A (KDM5A/RBP2/JARID1A) is a histone lysine demethylase that is overexpressed in several human cancers including lung, gastric, breast and liver cancers. It plays key roles in important cancer processes including tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug tolerance, making it a potential cancer therapeutic target. Chemical tools to analyze KDM5A demethylase activity are extremely limited as available inhibitors are not specific for KDM5A. Here, we characterized KDM5A using a homogeneous luminescence-based assay and conducted a screen of about 9,000 small molecules for inhibitors. From this screen, we identified several 3-thio-1,2,4-triazole compounds that inhibited KDM5A with low μM in vitro IC 50 values. Importantly, these compounds showed great specificity and did not inhibit its close homologue KDM5B (PLU1/JARID1B) or the related H3K27 demethylases KDM6A (UTX) and KDM6B (JMJD3). One compound, named YUKA1, was able to increase H3K4me3 levels in human cells and selectively inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells whose growth depends on KDM5A. As KDM5A was shown to mediate drug tolerance, we investigated the ability of YUKA1 to prevent drug tolerance in EGFR-mutant lung cancer cells treated with gefitinib and HER2+ breast cancer cells treated with trastuzumab. Remarkably, this compound hindered the emergence of drug-tolerant cells, highlighting the critical role of KDM5A demethylase activity in drug resistance. The small molecules presented here are excellent tool compounds for further study of KDM5A’s demethylase activity and its contributions to cancer.
Animism among Western Buddhists

AbstractMyriad instances of animist phenomena abound in the Buddhist world, but due to the outdated concepts of thinkers such as Edward Tylor, James George Frazer, and Melford Spiro, commonly scholars perceive this animism merely as the work of local religions, not as deriving from Buddhism itself. However, when one follows a number of contemporary scholars and employs a new, relational concept of animism that is based on respectful recognition of nonhuman personhoods, a different picture emerges. The works of Western Buddhists such as Stephanie Kaza, Philip Kapleau Roshi, and Gary Snyder express powerful senses of relational animism that arise specifically from Buddhist thought and practice. Recognizing the role of relational animism within Buddhism opens a new window on the dynamics of the tradition and this perspective can clarify issues such as the distribution of Buddhist (non)vegetarianism.
Global analysis of overweight prevalence by level of human development.

Background Less developed countries are increasingly afflicted with over–nutrition, and the escalating overweight prevalence has become a global problem. However, a problem as global as this may not be amenable to a general set of remedial interventions applicable to all countries.
A Comparison of Herbivore Damage on Three Invasive Plants and Their Native Congeners: Implications for the Enemy Release Hypothesis

ABSTRACT One explanation for the success of exotic plants in their introduced habitats is that, upon arriving to a new continent, plants escaped their native herbivores or pathogens, resulting in less damage and lower abundance of enemies than closely related native species (enemy release hypothesis). We tested whether the three exotic plant species, Rubus phoenicolasius (wineberry), Fallopia japonica (Japanese knotweed), and Persicaria perfoliata (mile-a-minute weed), suffered less herbivory or pathogen attack than native species by comparing leaf damage and invertebrate herbivore abundance and diversity on the invasive species and their native congeners. Fallopia japonica and R. phoenicolasius received less leaf damage than their native congeners, and F. japonica also contained a lower diversity and abundance of invertebrate herbivores. If the observed decrease in damage experienced by these two plant species contributes to increased fitness, then escape from enemies may provide at least a partial expl...
Communication, Spirituality, and Health

The number of studies linking spirituality and health has grown exponentially in recent years, and communication research in this area is beginning to gain momentum as well. Spirituality and religion, although difficult to conceptualize, have been related to both positive and negative health outcomes. Perhaps more important are the ways in which interpersonal communication processes can affect health through religion and spirituality. Communication with healthcare providers, as well as with religious professionals, often touches on spiritual issues during periods of health crisis. Communication delivered through social support networks can help or impair an individual's health status. Many studies focusing on African American populations have acknowledged the importance of religious and spiritual beliefs in health behaviors, but more research is needed. Keywords: diversity; healthcare; health communication; Race and Ethnicity Studies; religion
Abstract 4735: Single-cell sequencing from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast cancers: a powerful tool to address intratumor genetic heterogeneity

Background: At diagnosis, tumors often consist of multiple, genotypically distinct cell populations. Genome sequencing of single cells has opened new avenues of investigation, yet the application of this technology remains limited to fresh/frozen tissue samples. Here, we describe and validate a method to perform single-cell massively parallel sequencing using DNA extracted from individual nuclei from FFPE tumor samples. Methods: Tissue sections are deparaffinized and the area of interest microdissected, DNA is reverse-crosslinked and the extracellular matrix is digested. Extracted single nuclei are then FACS-sorted, lysed and the whole genome repaired using a broad-spectrum DNA-repair enzyme cocktail. Repaired DNA is whole genome amplified (WGA) using GenomePlex WGA4 (Sigma-Aldrich) with modifications for heavily damaged genomic templates. Illumina sequencing libraries are generated using standard approaches followed by multiplex sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq2000. To obtain copy number (CN) profiles, single-cell sequencing data are mapped to the reference genome with PCR duplicates removed. Uniquely mapped reads are allocated and counted in genomic intervals of variable length (bins) with CN states roughly proportional to the number of allocated sequencing reads. Bin counts are then normalized on the basis of GC-content, segmented and transformed to CN values to identify long contiguous regions of equivalent CN. Results: As a proof-of-principle we performed single-cell CN profiling on two aneuploid synchronous ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS)/invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs), where both FFPE and frozen material was available. Using our novel methodology, 24 single nuclei were multiplexed/lesion. An average of 3 million reads/cell (average coverage of 0.1X/cell) was obtained, providing sufficient data to infer CN profiles of single cells accurately. These data were successfully employed to identify non-neoplastic cells and distinct clonal lineages of neoplastic cells within each lesion. The data obtained from the analysis of FFPE samples were concordant with those obtained from the analysis of matched frozen samples. Conclusions: We developed a robust procedure to perform single-cell massively parallel sequencing of individual nuclei isolated from FFPE samples, providing the opportunity to unlock pathology archives for studies aiming to catalog and dissect the biological and clinical relevance of intra-tumor genetic heterogeneity. Citation Format: Luciano G. Martelotto, Rita A. Sakr, Timour Baslan, Linda Rodgers, Hilary Cox, Jude Kendall, Tari A. King, Britta Weigelt, James Hicks, Jorge S. Reis-Filho. Single-cell sequencing from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast cancers: a powerful tool to address intratumor genetic heterogeneity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4735. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4735
New venture creation as establishing stakeholder relationships: A trust-based perspective

Abstract The importance of trust in numerous dyadic relationships (e.g., romantic relationships, co-workers) is well documented, yet trust within the context of entrepreneurship—specifically, enabling the emergence of new ventures—is largely unexplored. In particular, we know very little about how entrepreneurs use trust to establish each of the unique strategic alliances they must form with stakeholders to enable a new venture to enter the market. We present a theory-based approach, developed from existing literature on trust, to specify multiple stakeholder-oriented insights related to trust that may facilitate new venture creation. In sum, during venture initiation, stakeholders require entrepreneurs to convey nuanced interpersonal messages to develop, initially, dimensions of trust – ability, benevolence, and integrity – to effectively build these relationships that enable successful new firm emergence.
Deposition and drying dynamics of liquid crystal droplets.

Drop drying and deposition phenomena reveal a rich interplay of fundamental science and engineering, give rise to fascinating everyday effects (coffee rings), and influence technologies ranging from printing to genotyping. Here we investigate evaporation dynamics, morphology, and deposition patterns of drying lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal droplets. These drops differ from typical evaporating colloidal drops primarily due to their concentration-dependent isotropic, nematic, and columnar phases. Phase separation occurs during evaporation, and in the process creates surface tension gradients and significant density and viscosity variation within the droplet. As a result, the drying multiphase drops exhibit different convective currents, drop morphologies, and deposition patterns (coffee-rings). When particle-laden drops evaporate, coffee ring patterns form which can affect particle deposition. Here Davidsonet al. show that unlike previously investigated drops, the flows in drying drops of liquid crystals are driven by an increase in surface tension due to liquid crystal concentration.
Positioning Newer Agents: Riociguat, Selexipag, and Oral Treprostinil in the Current Landscape

The availability of newer oral agents for therapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension entails both opportunity and uncertainty. There is the opportunity for less intrusive therapy and the potential to further lessen risk of disease progression, but there is also uncertainty regarding optimal role of these agents, concern about their expense, and risk of preventable deterioration if these agents are used in settings that clearly warrant parenteral prostanoids. Among the newer agents, the evidence is strongest for the use of the prostacyclin receptor agonist selexipag, which has been shown to reduce events in functional class II and III patients, even in the setting of background therapy with a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor and an endothelin receptor antagonist. Riociguat is a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator that has been shown to be beneficial, including in combination with an endothelin receptor antagonist, and may be a useful alternative to a PDE5 inhibitor in properly selected patients. ...
Regulation of purine biosynthesis in cultured human cells. I. Effects of orotic acid.

Abstract Orotic acid, an intermediate in the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides, has been shown in the present study to inhibit an early step of purine biosynthesis de novo in cultured human cells as manifested by the decreased synthesis of N-formylglycinamide ribonucleotide (FGAR). Concentrations of orotic acid that inhibited purine synthesis also reduced intracellular levels of 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate (PP-ribose-P), an essential substrate for the first enzyme unique to this pathway. Orotic acid had no inhibitory effect on FGAR synthesis in mutant cells with high PP-ribose-P levels or in normal cells if depletion of PP-ribose-P by orotic acid was prevented with azaorotate. These studies provide substantial evidence that the inhibitory effect of orotic acid on purine synthesis in cultured human cells is due to a depletion of intracellular PP-ribose-P.
Measurement of Nonlinear Refractive Index of Solids in the Mid-Infrared

We report experimental measurements of nonlinear refractive index of solids in the mid-infrared. We present results for fused silica and for silicon, and our results are consistent with theoretical predictions.