cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of infant death among black and white non-Hispanic populations in Hampton Roads, Virginia.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the presence of racial disparities in infant mortality rates and assess risk factors for infant death among black and white populations in Hampton Roads, Virginia. METHODS A retrospective study with secondary analyses of linked birth/death certificate data was conducted using a sample of 201,610 live-born infants and 1659 infant deaths identified between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2008 in Hampton Roads. RESULTS Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates were significantly (P < 0.0001) higher among black compared with white populations. Racial disparities were noted whereby black infants were significantly (P < 0.0001) more likely to die of conditions originating in the perinatal period, whereas white infants were significantly more likely to die of congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities (P < 0.0001) or neoplasms (P = 0.03). Multivariable logistic modeling suggested significantly higher odds of black infants dying in the first year of life than white infants. Among blacks, the odds of infant death were inversely related to maternal education. Among whites, the odds of infant death declined with increasing parity. Among black and white populations, history of child death, presence of maternal morbidities and the Kotelchuck Maternal Utilization of Prenatal Care Index were key determinants of infant death. CONCLUSIONS Black infants are at higher odds of dying compared with white infants in Hampton Roads, Virginia. Continued efforts should target prenatal care, preterm delivery, and low-birth-weight infants and neonates to reduce infant mortality rates.
The Impact of Three Factors on the Recovery of Item Parameters for the Three-Parameter Logistic Model

ABSTRACTThis article provides a detailed description of three factors (specification of the ability distribution, numerical integration, and frame of reference for the item parameter estimates) that might affect the item parameter estimation of the three-parameter logistic model, and compares five item calibration methods, which are combinations of the three factors, using a simulation study. The five item calibration methods are Normal-Midpoint-Prior (NMPr), Normal-Hermite-Prior (NHPr), Normal-Midpoint-Posterior (NMPo), Normal-Hermite-Posterior (NHPo), and Empirical-Midpoint-Prior (EMPr). In addition, four item response theory computer programs (BILOG-MG, PARSCALE, flexMIRT, and ICL) are compared in terms of their default specifications and available options of the three factors. The EMPr method recovered item parameters accurately regardless of the shape of the population ability distribution and the number of quadrature points. The NMPr, NHPr, NMPo, and NHPo methods returned item parameter estimates wi...
Model-based sizing of battery packs for minimum cost

Lithium ion (Li-ion) battery life and performance significantly depend on operating temperature and usage. There are four battery characteristics that are interlinked: Life, capacity, operating temperature, and usage. The goal of battery pack design is to minimize the battery pack cost or to maximize the battery pack life or both if possible. This paper develops a model based process that selects battery operating temperature and capacity to optimize the life and cost of the battery pack under prescribed usage. Simulations using experimentally validated performance and aging models demonstrate that for a particular application, battery cost can be reduced by 30% if the battery pack is operated at 45° C. Also there exists an optimal battery pack size for a specified battery temperature, and over-sizing the battery pack does not further increase the battery life.
Determination of alternative ceftolozane/tazobactam dosing regimens for patients with infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC values between 4 and 32 mg/L.

Background Optimization of the antibiotics for patients with infections due to MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PA) often requires consideration of alternate dose and infusion times that can be influenced by renal function. Objectives We sought to identify ceftolozane/tazobactam dosing schemes that optimized the probability of target attainment (PTA) against infections due to MDR-PA with ceftolozane/tazobactam MICs between 4 and 32 mg/L across different categories of renal function. Methods A prior validated ceftolozane/tazobactam population pharmacokinetic model was used for Monte Carlo simulation of 128 alternate permutations of dose, infusion time and renal function in 5000 cases/permutation. Four ceftolozane/tazobactam doses (250/125 mg to 2/1 g) every 8 h with infusion durations of 1-7 h and as continuous infusions were simulated. The model simulated ceftolozane/tazobactam clearance as a function of creatinine clearance (CLCR) within four categories of estimated renal function: 15-29, 30-50, 51-120 and 121-180 mL/min. The PTA was benchmarked on 40% free ceftolozane/tazobactam concentration time above the MIC. Results The 512 alternate scenarios identified the current ceftolozane/tazobactam dose of 1/0.5 g to be optimal for MICs ≤32 mg/L (CLCR 15-50 mL/min), ≤16 mg/L (CLCR 51-120 mL/min) and ≤8 mg/L (CLCR 121-180 mL/min). Extended infusion of 4-5 h had a higher PTA than shorter and continuous infusions in simulations of augmented renal clearance across infections with MICs of 4-32 mg/L. Conclusions Extended infusion ceftolozane/tazobactam regimens should be investigated as a potential dosing solution to improve the PTA against infections due to MDR-PA with higher ceftolozane/tazobactam MICs.
Thermal and fluid analysis of dry cask storage containers over multiple years of service

Abstract A detailed three-dimensional thermal and fluid analysis of a vertical dry storage cask with a canister containing 32 high-burnup pressurized water reactor (PWR) spent fuel assemblies for a storage of 50 years was carried out using a CFD simulation. The input decay heat value was calculated based on a Westinghouse 17 × 17 PWR fuel assembly using the well validated package ORIGAMI imbedded in SCALE, with a total heat load of 38.44 kW for year 5 and 10.67 kW for year 55. The temperature-dependent and anisotropic thermal properties of the fuel assemblies, filling gas within the canister, and air covering the canister were considered in order to preserve accuracy. A peak temperature of 621.4 K occurred in the upper part of the fuel assemblies for at year 5, deceasing to 423.0 K after 50-year service. The simulation results shed light on the temperature and flow environment within the canister for an operational time of 50 years.
Social Media Analytics: The Effectiveness of Promotional Events on Brand User Base in Social Media

This paper studies a pioneering social media venture and seeks to understand the effectiveness of promotional events in social media platforms by evaluating their impact on participating brands. We employ a promising research approach, based on the event study methodology, and use a rich database consisting of all the promotional events on Twitter by American Express Company and its participating partners. Based on the results of the presented econometric analysis and focusing on the long-term business value of this novel use of social media, we find that promotional events combined with implicit or explicit advocacy on social media platforms result in significant abnormal returns for the participating brand, in terms of fan base and new followers on the social media platform. Finally, we both contribute to the related literature, discovering new rich findings, and provide actionable insights with major implications for brands, marketers, and social media platforms.
Hepatitis D and Hepatitis E in Children

Hepatitis D virus is a defective virus whose replication depends on an obligatory simultaneous infection with hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis D virus has a worldwide but non-uniform distribution. The clinical presentation of hepatitis D varies from asymptomatic infection to, more typically, severe icteric hepatitis. Chronic hepatitis D is associated with rapid progression to cirrhosis and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no effective therapy for HDV infection. Universal vaccination for hepatitis B is key to prevention of chronic hepatitis D. Hepatitis E is transmitted predominantly by the fecal-oral route The clinical presentation of acute hepatitis E is similar to that of other forms of viral hepatitis; hence the diagnosis needs to be suspected in the appropriate ­clinical context. Hepatitis E therapy is supportive; HEV vaccines are being developed.
Homology of CW-complexes

The purpose of this chapter is to develop a systematic procedure for determining the homology groups of a certain class of topological spaces. The class of topological spaces chosen consists of the CW-complexes of J. H. C. Whitehead. The procedure developed is a natural generalization and extension of the method used in the preceding chapter to determine the homology groups of graphs and compact 2-manifolds.
Discussion of the Neuronal Compartmentation of 5-Hydroxytryptamine Stores

Publisher Summary In all vertebrate species, there is 5-HT in the brain, especially in those centers functionally connected with the autonomic system, the reticular activating system or both, suggests a physiologic role in the brain. The fraction that contains synaptosomes provides a suitable starting material for the isolation and identification of unknown transmitter substances in the brain. The presence of bioactive material in this fraction does not prove that it is involved in chemical transmission, but localization suggests its possible implication in transmitter activity. The percentage distribution for 5-HT in the bound-particulate (P) and free-soluble (S) fractions as 68 (60–75) and 32 (25–40) % respectively, found the particulate-to-soluble partition to be 74 and 26% respectively. Brain 5-HT has a distribution similar to that of acetylcholine. Of the three primary fractions, the crude mitochondrial fraction, prepared by differential centrifugation, is the richest in 5-HT. The differential separation between an intermediate speed crude mitochondrial and high speed microsomal fraction is arbitrary. In order to sediment most of the synaptosomes, it is necessary to precipitate the heterogeneous mitochondrial fraction at integrated centrifugal fields of the order of 106 g minute (17,000 g x 1 hour).
Worker-cell assignment: The impact of organizational factors on performance in cellular manufacturing systems

Abstract This study addresses worker-cell assignment of heterogeneous workers in various cellular manufacturing structures while considering between-cell heterogeneity, cell size, and system size as organizational factors. Workforce heterogeneity is considered based on individual learning characteristics, which include individual learning by doing and learning by knowledge transfer. Prior research demonstrated the impact of knowledge transfer on system performance as part of the assignment of workers. However, research related to the worker-cell assignment considering workforce heterogeneity and knowledge transfer is scarce. In the current study, different organizational factors are investigated to evaluate their effects on system performance and their relevance for the worker-cell assignment problem. This work contributes to the development of managerial insights to assist organizational managers in workforce management decisions in scenarios where more complex mathematical optimization methods are impractical.
Multiband Orthogonal Wavelet Division Multiplexing: Complexity and Power Peaks Enhancement

This article considers the existing wireless communications efficiency based on the multiband orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MBOFDM) benchmark. The power efficiency and frame error rates (FERs) have been investigated to find the peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) effect. Two impositions have been made to the benchmark: a new, lowcomplexity, Haar-based, discrete wavelet transform structure and a constant envelope transformation stage based on the pulsewidth modulation (PWM) technique.
Hu Shi’s Search for the “Chinese Sophist” and “Spirit of Courageous Doubt”

Hu Shi, a twentieth-century scholar and reformer, perceived a foundation for China’s future in a more complicated rendition of China’s intellectual past. Hu understood China’s predicament in rhetorical terms, as an exigent situation that could not be effectively confronted without the right intellectual and cultural resources. Like other pragmatists, Hu saw democracy as a way life. He did not think that democratic thought was foreign to China. This essay is an examination of one arm of Hu’s plan for rhetorical pragmatic reform. First developed in his dissertation, “The Development of Logical Method in Ancient China,” this arm sought to develop a pragmatic “attitude toward ideas” and restore the characteristics of what he calls the “Chinese Sophist” and the original “spirit of courageous doubt.”
CP Violation in τ Decays

By making use of postulated commutation relations of a $\mathrm{CP}$-violating Hamiltonian with the vector and axial-vector charges of chiral SU(2) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} SU(2) symmetry, we obtain a theoretical prediction of asymmetry in the slope parameters of ${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ decay in terms of the ${K}_{L}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ parameter ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$. We expect $\ensuremath{\Delta}=\frac{({a}^{+}\ensuremath{-}{a}^{\ensuremath{-}})}{({a}^{+}+{a}^{\ensuremath{-}})}\ensuremath{\sim}4{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, where ${a}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ are the slope parameters in the linear matrix-element approximation of ${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ decay. With the present experimental limit, $|{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\ensuremath{'}}|\ensuremath{\lesssim}\frac{1}{5}|\ensuremath{\epsilon}|$, this gives an upper limit for $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$.
George P. Moschis tribute special issue: His philosophy and contributions

In this article, I first discuss Moschis’ contributions to marketing in three main areas of consumer behavior: consumer socialization, older consumer behavior, and life course research. Next, I pre...
Interfacial Drawing: Roll-to-Roll Coating of Semiconducting Polymer and Barrier Films onto Plastic Foils and Textiles

This paper demonstrates that a thin polymeric film (10–80 nm) can be continuously drawn from the meniscus of a nonpolar polymer solution at an air–water–fluoropolymer interface using a roll-to-roll...
Defining Failure After Cartilage Preservation Surgery: Are We Expecting Too Much?

ABSTRACT As cartilage restoration procedures continue to be more widely performed, an associated increase in the number of patients who “fail” is inevitable. While the goal of preventing progression towards arthroplasty remains elusive, cartilage repair can delay the need for arthroplasty and improve pain and function in young and active patients, thus, at a minimum, serving as a bridging procedure. Although cartilage preservation procedures are perceived to result in high rates of failure, when examined in the context of other common orthopedic procedures such as total knee arthroplasty and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, the rates of unsatisfactory outcomes are relatively similar. Furthermore, despite criticism of high rates of failure after cartilage repair surgery, how this failure is defined remains rather ambiguous. Current definitions of failure often do not incorporate patient-specific outcome trajectories, and rarely consider clinically significant improvements relative to each patient's baseline level of function and goals. The purpose of the current review is to present both an objective understanding of how failure is currently defined and widely understood in the realm of cartilage repair surgery, as well as a discussion of the goals of cartilage repair, and potential definitions of success and failure of cartilage repair.
Assessing the Relative Influence of Individual Attitudes, Social Supports, and Neighborhood Context on Reentry Outcomes: What Changes Matter Most?:

Using the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) data set, the current study examined the relationship between internal change factors, including agency, readiness for change, and ...
A Brief Overview Presented at Dry Eye University of Inflammation in Chronic Dry Eye Disease

Inflammation is a common enemy of any chronic inflammatory disease. Dry eye is no different. Once this diagnosis is made, then one of the first objectives is to address and control the chronic inflammation appropriately.
Superstructural diversity in salt-cocrystals: higher-order hydrogen-bonded assemblies formed using U-shaped dications and with assistance of π−–π stacking

Salt cocrystals with components that assemble by hydrogen bonds and aromatic anion-molecule stacks (π--π stacks) are reported. U-shaped bipyridines and an isocoumarin carboxylic acid self-assemble to form 5-, 6-, and 10-component aggregates with components in double and quadruple face-to-face stacks. DFT calculations support the π--π stacks to help stabilize the salt cocrystals.
Reinforcement Learning Based Approach For Urban Resource Allocation and Path Planning Problems

Modeling and solving resource allocation and path planning problems often requires extensive computational resources and hardcoded constraint. In this work, with the help of synthetically generated graphs to emulate real-world data, we explore a preliminary framework that uses neural networks and reinforcement learning for optimization in the context of urban planning operations. We show that this model scales better than Google's OR-Tools on large instances (n > 50), and can be trained without the use of distance matrices or explicitly defined constraints. By training on just synthetic data, our model can be applied to different scenarios without the need for retraining,
Time for Change: Insight from the Learning Sciences to Inform Dietitian Education and Credentialing

The current practice and policies utilized to credential registered dietitians nutritionists, referred to in this article as dietitians, for entry-into practice must be overhauled utilizing the evidence grounded in the learning sciences. The interdisciplinary field of the learning sciences provide evidence for effective educational practice and alternative assessment methods to reform dietetic education (Sawyer, 2006, p. xi). As a teacher in a dietetic education program and a graduate of a doctoral program in Curriculum, Instruction and the Science of Learning I will share my recommendations for dietetic education and credentialing of practitioners. In this article I will argue that the history of education in the United States has influenced the current education and credentialing process for dietitians. I will discuss the implementation of competency based dietetic education and the impact of the dietitian credentialing examination on the field. Finally, I will offer evidence to support my recommendations to implement alternative methods for credentialing dietetic practitioners that are supported in the learning sciences research.
Airborne Polarimetric Doppler Phased Array Weather Radar: Performance Requirements and Design Specifications

Performancerequirements for an airborne weather radar are more stringent than ground-based radar. Since the airborne radar has only a limited time for collecting measurements over a specified region, phased array radar with active electronic scanning array (AESA) enables rapid scanning of the antenna beam for collecting high-temporal and spatial resolution, research quality Doppler and polarimetric radar measurements. In the case of an AESA, when a beam is steered electronically away from the broadside, the gain and beamwidth change as a function of scan angle and cross-coupling between dual-polarization sources occur. For a specified aperture size and solid-state amplifier, pulse compression is used to enhance the received signal's sensitivity. To achieve reasonable along-track spatial resolution, the use of beam multiplexing (BMX) is essential. Beam multiplexing reduces errors in radar measurements while providing rapid updates of scan volumes. A beamforming architecture that supports BMX, and highspeed serial interconnect for front-end signal processing is essential for PAR's optimal performance. This paper describes the engineering design specifications of an antenna, transmit waveform, and weather radar signal processing subsystems.
Human rights, belonging and the challenge of difference:

This article seeks to challenge the regnant liberal orthodoxy that human rights are the highest and most important of our social virtues. It questions the individualist assumptions of such universa...
Electrodeposition of Dysprosium in pyrrolidinium triflate ionic liquid at ambient temperature: Unraveling system efficiency and impact of solvation interplays on the reduction process

Abstract Electrochemical reduction of rare earth elements (REEs) in ionic liquids (ILs) has attracted much attention, as a promising low temperature and alternative technology for molten salt electrolysis. While reported studies have established the proof of concept of the ionic liquid technology, efficient recovery and fundamental understanding of the electrodeposition process in these systems are still lacking. In this work, the reduction of dysprosium triflate (Dy(OTf)3) complex is investigated in neat pyrrolidinium triflate (BMPyOTf) ionic liquid, a commercial but poorly explored system in literature. Chronoamperometry and surface characterization (SEM-EDS, XPS and ICP-MS) demonstrated an efficient (~80%) electrochemical recovery of Dy metal, with deposition rates approaching 10 mg.h−1.cm−2 at 0.3 M metal concentration, small applied potentials (~-3 V Fc+/Fc) and ambient temperature (25 °C). Cyclic voltammetry revealed two main electrodeposition waves (Red1 and Red2), suggesting single 3e- reduction of two co-existent metal complexes with different coordination spheres, strongly (Red2) and weakly (Red1) coordinated metal complex with the ionic liquid triflate anions. This suggestion was supported by the vibrational (Mid-IR) analysis, where downshifts of the νas(SO) stretching mode were consistent with an evolution of weaker metal coordination at higher concentrations. Near-IR confirmed the evolution of speciation, from one main complex at low concentrations to a mixture of species at higher concentrations. Estimation of the speciation's distribution from deconvoluted NIR and semi-derivative traces indicated that voltammetric currents are controlled by bulk concentrations. While under coulometric conditions, the metal reduction seems to proceed via the IL-coordinated thermodynamics, due to enhanced anion concentrations at the electrochemical interface. Extended study to bistriflimide analogue systems revealed a distinct infrared signature for the IL-coordination and validated the correlation between the observed reduction processes and the speciation heterogeneity in these systems. The outcomes of this work demonstrate an efficient electrochemical recovery of Dy in triflate-based systems, while shedding the light on the impact of solvation and coordination interplays on the electrodeposition process of REEs in ionic liquids.
Hardware architecture design of data exchange equipment based on CPO

CPO is used to replace the traditional PCB or cable connection between line cards and switch cards. This subversi e change decouples the length limit between line cards and switch cards. The 3-stage clos network with single- chip optical interconnection can form a huge capacity data exchange equipment, and promote the transformation of network equipment form and networking mode. These also give the unified hardware architecture design of data exchange equipment To the possibility and application opportunities. The unified hardware architecture design of data exchange equipment includes the unified design of data exchange chip, the unified design of Ethernet switch and router, and the unified design of CPO components. Finally, the cost of equipment is reduced.
Abstract 2111: RAD6-mediated epigenetic reprogramming contributes to therapy-induced chemo-resistance in ovarian cancer

Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women in the USA, gets diagnosed at an advanced stage (stage III-IV) with local or distant metastasis. The primary therapeutic regimen of EOC involves surgical removal of all the visible tumor mass followed by platinum-based chemotherapy either as a single agent or in combination with a taxane. Despite initial responses, over 70% of EOC patients develop recurrent disease and they are often resistant to available chemotherapeutic drugs, contributing to poor survival. This appalling situation emphasizes the critical need to identify the molecular mechanisms involving recurrence of these tumors9 aggressive growth and developing therapeutic resistance. Our analysis from chemo naive and recurrent tumors from the same patients9 samples, and isogenic ovarian cancer cell lines data showed recurrent tumors and resistant cell lines several upregulated cancer stem cell markers including ALDH1A1, SOX2 and altered expression of DNA damage response and repair genes that are involved in the processing of platinum adducts and crosslink repair. Prominently, RAD6, an E2ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, is significantly (> 6 folds) overexpressed in recurrent ovarian tumors and associated with aggressive tumor cell growth, stemness, chemoresistance to platinum drugs, and poor prognosis. Our studies validated that, chemotherapy induced upregulated RAD6 reprograms epigenetic milieu in tumor cells through ubiquitination of histone variants H2A, H2AX, and H2B, which further recruits additional epigenetic modifiers to these regions and regulates genes involved in DNArepair, cell survival, stemness, and chemoresistance. Additionally, our mechanistic studies demonstrate RAD6 dependent recruitment of several epigenetic modifiers such as histone methylases and demethylases to regions of ubiquitylated histones and their crosstalk. Collectively, our study presents novel chemotherapy induced epigenetic modulator contributing to therapeutic recurrence of EOC and could be an important therapeutic target to treat chemo-resistant EOC and improve the progression-free survival of patients suffering from this deadly disease. Formatted: Right, Indent: Left: 1" Citation Format: Tasmin Rahman Omy, Shirisha Jonnalagadda, Mark Reedy, Komaraiah Palle. RAD6-mediated epigenetic reprogramming contributes to therapy-induced chemo-resistance in ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2111.
Effects of Increased Exercise on Propensity for Emotional Eating Through Associated Psychological Changes.

OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of exercise on emotional eating via its impact on self-regulation, mood, and body satisfaction and to evaluate the association of change in emotional eating with weight. METHODS Women participated in either manual-based (n = 44) or in-person-based (n = 50) behavioral obesity treatments with similar theory-based content and were assessed on changes in exercise outputs, self-regulatory skills usage, negative mood, body image, propensity for emotional eating, eating behaviors, and weight. RESULTS Significant overall improvements were found in all study variables (P < 0.001), with significantly greater improvements in the in-person group (P < 0.02). Changes in self-regulation (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.010 to -0.002), mood (95% CI, -0.011 to -0.003), and body image (95% CI, -0.011, -0.002) significantly mediated the exercise-emotional eating relationship. Relationships between changes in emotional eating and weight over both 6 and 12 months were significantly mediated by changes in intakes of both sweets (95% CI, 0.118-1.024 and 0.066-1.092, respectively) and fruits/vegetables (95% CI, 0.130-1.010 and 0.167-1.139, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Mechanisms of the effect of exercise on emotional eating may serve to inform future weight-loss treatments.
Participatory climate adaptation planning in New York City: Analyzing the role of community-based organizations

Abstract In recognition of the importance of equitable climate adaptation, municipalities have increasingly utilized participatory planning processes that engage communities. However, while climate adaptation planning has become more open to public input, these processes still do not ensure equitable outcomes. This study examined equity concerning climate adaptation planning processes in New York City with a focus on the relationship between community-based organizations and participatory planning. The two planning processes studied here were the OneNYC comprehensive resilience plan and the Zoning for Coastal Flood Resiliency policy. 57 organizations responded to a survey investigating awareness of, participation in, and barriers to engagement with planning. These variables were compared to characteristics of each organization such as the issues they work on and the demographics of their local community boards. This study provides both quantitative and qualitative data demonstrating the roles that community-based organizations have played in climate adaptation planning in New York City. The results of the study demonstrated the existence of multiple barriers to engagement such as the absence of clarity about ongoing processes and a low understanding of how a climate adaptation plan may help an organization achieve its goals. This study has demonstrated that climate change adaptation planning processes should be revised in multiple ways to increase climate justice. The proposed changes are urgently needed because without equitable processes, there will be significant gaps in any cities' climate resilience.
Political Aspects of Urban Stormwater Management

This paper examines the experiences of urbanizing DeKalb County, Ga. in implementing stormwater management and handling drainage and flooding problems during the period 1973 to 1979. Political considerations played a significant part. A number of detailed sub-basin studies with extensive citizen opinion surveys and participation were conducted. The questionnaire response in the sub-basins studied show the percentage of residents who considered they had a drainage problem, the severity of the problem, and their views on additional funding sources. Elected officials' support for funding drainage studies and construction projects were, in general, for those projects with immediate benefits and specific beneficiaries. Suggestions are given that should aid officials and citizens on how to work with the political aspects in implementing urban stormwater management to alleviate drainage and flooding problems in urbanizing areas.
The Village, the Leviathan and the Invisible Hand: Myth, Law and Environmental Governance

This paper, examining connections between myth, law and common property governance, is presented in two parts. The first begins from a proposition widely accepted within legal anthropology; that myth is a source of law in many traditional societies. Malinowski provides the classic statement: "Myth . . . is not an idle tale, but a hard-worked active force . . . a pragmatic charter of primitive faith and moral wisdom." Sacred cultural narratives continue to be valued highly in many localities, linking specific groups of people in oral tradition to specific land and marine scapes. One result of this is that in many instances of common property governance there are ancient mythologies accompanying local perceptions of what constitutes legitimate authority. These themes are discussed in the first part of this paper. The discussion is augmented by the example of Pohnpei in the Federated States of Micronesia, a case study illustrating connectivity between local mythohistory, traditional authority, and sustainable common property governance.A heightened sensitivity to cultural embeddedness of environmental governance institutions also invites reflection upon what that may mean in terms of understanding contemporary discourses now dominant in law. For adherents to these the question doesn't arise because any form of authority based, even in part, in mythological narrative should by definition be condemned to an irrational and irrelevant past. That contemporary societies differ fundamentally in this respect is supposedly among their self-defining features; modern law in particular, has no need of myth. "The very idea of myth typifies 'them' - the savages and ancestors 'we' have left behind." In contrast, critical theorists for some decades have suggested otherwise; a recurring theme of this critique is that we seek transcendence in denying the possibility of transcendence, that ours is the myth of mythlessness. In turning these suggestions to the present topic, the second part of the paper inquires whether, and in what respects, contemporary environmental law and governance can be described as having a basis in myth. In particular it describes some respects in which The Tragedy of the Commons may be regarded as a founding myth of environmental law and governance, and the implications thereof.
Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar)'s Description of a Verrucous Malignancy of the Colon (with an English Translation from the Arabic and notes on its Hebrew and Latin Versions).

Ibn Zuhr (ca. 1091-1161) is the most important physician of Muslim Spain. His Kitâb al-Taysir, translated into Hebrew and Latin, is principally a manual of therapeutics containing descriptions of clinical cases. His description "On Verrucae (tha'âlil) that Occur in the Stomach [sic]," which deals with an emaciated Berber who evacuates a tumour the size of an apple in his stools, represents the first detailed report of a cancer of the colon. Latin and Hebrew translations of this report are close to the Arabic, but it is doubtful that the Latin text is based on the Hebrew. The possibility of an intermediate Judeo-Arabic text should be considered.
Algorithm design and analysis for network coding in D2D underlay communications

Device to Device (D2D) communications are an important part of next generation wireless systems, and a key technology to improve local services and overall system throughput. This paper proposes Optimized Network Coding (ONC) to boost the performance of D2D communications. ONC leverages on using network coding combined with improved scheduling to increase the throughput of D2D links. We describe the proposed ONC approach and verify its performance through extensive system level simulations. We show that ONC-based use of dynamic relay selection and a flow-based proportional fair scheduling significantly improves the system-wide D2D performance.
"I know it but I can't say it": Using self-report to understand the experience of inner speech in aphasia (P1.211)

OBJECTIVE: Many individuals with aphasia make comments such as, “I know it but I can’t say it.” We provide opportunity for them to describe more precisely what this means, exploring implications for our understanding and treatment of word retrieval deficits in aphasia. BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the subjective experience or clinical relevance of inner speech in aphasia. We hypothesize that there are at least two discrete internal experiences of anomia: • Recognizing an object or concept but failing to find its name (“I know what it is in my head”) • Finding the name and saying it correctly in one’s head but not out loud (“I can say it in my head” i.e., successful inner speech, sIS) DESIGN/METHODS: Subjects (N=30) are adults with chronic aphasia resulting from unilateral stroke who participate in a structured questionnaire. We ask, “Do you ever know what you want to say but you can’t say it?” then describe the different perceptions reflected by our hypothesis. We ask subjects to identify how frequently they perceive each of these two experiences and to describe their behavioral/emotional responses. RESULTS: 80[percnt] of subjects to date endorse the specific experience of sIS. Individual subjects endorse different frequencies of the two inner speech experiences. Preliminary voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) shows distinct lesion distributions associated with each experience, with higher frequencies of sIS associated specifically with inferior frontal lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Most people with aphasia report experience of internal word retrieval processes that surpass overt naming ability. Their subjective reports suggest that they can distinguish between the two distinct internal experiences of anomia reflected by our hypothesis. Preliminary VLSM results further support the dissociation. We suggest that these two experiences reflect differing levels of lexical access: sIS relies on phonological access, whereas the perception of “knowing it” relies on semantic or lemma access. Disclosure: Dr. Fama has nothing to disclose. Dr. Snider has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hayward has nothing to disclose. Dr. Friedman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Turkeltaub has nothing to disclose.
Association of the 2011 ACGME Resident Duty Hour Reform with Postoperative Patient Outcomes in Surgical Specialties.

Background The 2011 ACGME resident duty hour reform implemented additional restrictions to existing duty hour policies. Our objective was to determine the association between this reform and patient outcomes among several surgical specialties. Study Design Patients from 5 surgical specialties (neurosurgery, obstetrics/gynecology, orthopaedic surgery, urology, and vascular surgery) were identified from the American College of Surgeons NSQIP. Data from 1 year before and 2 years after the reform was implemented were obtained for teaching and nonteaching hospitals. Hospital teaching status was defined based on the percentage of operations with a resident present intraoperatively. Difference-in-differences models were developed separately for each specialty and adjusted for patient demographics, comorbidities, procedural case-mix, and time trends. The association between duty hour reform and a composite measure of death or serious morbidity within 30 days of surgery was estimated for each specialty. Results The unadjusted rate of death or serious morbidity decreased during the study period in both teaching and nonteaching hospitals for all surgical specialties. In multivariable analyses, there were no significant associations between duty hour reform and the composite outcomes of death or serious morbidity in the 2 years post-reform for any surgical specialty evaluated (neurosurgery: odds ratio [OR] = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.75–1.08; p = 0.26; obstetrics/gynecology: OR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.71–1.30; p = 0.80; orthopaedic surgery: OR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.74–1.22; p = 0.70; urology: OR = 1.16; 95% CI, 0.89–1.51; p = 0.26; vascular surgery: OR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.93–1.22; p = 0.35). Conclusions Implementation of the 2011 ACGME resident duty hour reform was not associated with a significant change in patient outcomes for several surgical specialties in the 2 years after reform.
Tubal pregnancy following application of tantalum clips at culdoscopy for sterilization

Abstract A case of tubal pregnancy following culdoscopic tubal sterilization with the use of tantalum clips is presented. The problems and risks of reversible sterilization methods in women are discussed. The lack of information relative to reversibility, as well as long-term permeability and failure, requires a cautious approach at the present time.
Simulations of fluorescence quenching using theoretical models of energy and electron transfer in random arrays

A master equation is solved numerically for investigating energy transfer and trapping in two-dimensional disordered systems of chlorophylls and quinones. Quenching of the excitation occurs both by electron transfer from a chlorophyll to a neighbouring quinone and by energy transfer to self-quenching traps consisting of statistical pairs of chlorophyll molecules closer than a critical distance. The quinone concentration dependence of the average lifetime of the calculated fluorescence decay is determined for different values of the Forster transfer radius 0 and A, the microscopic electron transfer rate at ‘zero distance’. Quasi-Stern-Volmer behaviour is obtained. The half-quenching concentration and the quenching rate kQ depend strongly on A; they increase little with faster energy transfer because of competing self-quenching and slow electron transfer. Our results are compared to recent fluorescence quenching data that Chauvet and Patterson obtained from real-time measurements in monolayers of chlorophyl...
Soluble TNF and membrane TNF expressed on CD4+ T lymphocytes differ in their ability to activate macrophage antileishmanial defense.

In our studies of host defense against the in- tracellular parasite Leishmania major, we obtained cvi- dence for a novel mechanism of macrophage activation for antimicrobial defense that involves direct cell contact between CD44 T lymphocytes and Lcishmania-infected macrophages. The mechanism is distinctive as it does not involve secretion of lymphokines but is apparently mcdi- ated by the membrane-anchored form of tumor necrosis factor (mTNF; 50-60 kd) present on the surface of the effector T lymphocytes. Furthermore, it is not cytotoxic to the host cell and its expression is antigen specific and genetically restricted. We prepared a Lcishmania-specific cloned T-T cell hybridoma line 1B6 (CD4�, TH1) that cx- presses membrane-bound TNF but does not secrete TNF or other macrophage activators. We now report that 1B6 cells can activate antileishmanial defense in infiamma- tory macrophages, whereas soluble recombinant murine TNF (sTNF) alone is unable to do so. On the other hand, both 1B6 cells and sTNF can act synergistically with recombinant murine interferon--y (IFN-�y, a known solu- ble macrophage-activating factor) in activating an- timicrobial defense andNOrelease. The effects of 1B6 alone and the synergistic effects of 1B6 and IFN-y or sTNF and IFN-"y are arginine dependent. These results suggest that mTNF may be more efficient than sTNF in macrophage activation and that contact with effector CD4� lymphocytes that express mTNF may be an impor- tant mechanism of host defense. J. Leukoc. Biol. 51: 296-299; 1992.
Effects of individual differences on human-agent teaming for multi-robot control

In the current experiment, we simulated a military multitasking environment and evaluated the effects of RoboLeader on the performance of human operators (i.e., vehicle commanders) who had the responsibility of supervising the plans/routes for a convoy of three vehicles while maintaining proper 360° local security around their own vehicle. We evaluated whether --- and to what extent --- operator individual differences (spatial ability, attentional control, and video gaming experience) impacted the operator's performance. In two out of three mission scenarios, the participants had access to the assistance of an intelligent agent, RoboLeader. Results showed that RoboLeader's level of autonomy had a significant impact on participants' concurrent target detection task performance and perceived workload. Those participants who played action video games frequently had significant better situation awareness of the mission environment. Those participants with lower spatial ability had increasingly better situation awareness as RoboLeader's level of autonomy increased; however, those with higher spatial ability did not exhibit the same trend.
Synergistic effect of rhTNF-alpha and rhIL-1 alpha in inducing anorexia in rats

To investigate whether there is a synergistic effect of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rhTNF-alpha) and recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha (rhIL-1 alpha) in inducing anorexia, 32 rats with jugular catheters were studied (8 rats/group): controls received normal saline; the IL-1 group received rhIL-1 alpha (10 micrograms/kg); the TNF group received rhTNF-alpha (30 micrograms/kg); and the IL-1 + TNF group received the same concentration of both rhIL-1 alpha+rhTNF-alpha for 3 days; solutions were then switched to normal saline. No significant decrease in light- and dark-phase food intake occurred during infusion of subeffective rhTNF-alpha. Food intake was decreased on the first rhIL-1 alpha infusion day because of a decreased meal number during the dark phase. A significant decrease in food intake occurred with combined infusion of rhIL-1 alpha+rhTNF-alpha because of a reduction in meal number during dark phase and meal size during light phase. Our results show that rhIL-1 alpha and rhTNF-alpha, when administered concurrently, had a synergistic effect in inducing anorexia, suggesting that low concentrations of these cytokines as produced endogenously may have potential effects on other biological functions in vivo.
Genetic Study of Cationic ATPase Activities and Audiogenic Seizure Susceptibility in Recombinant Inbred and Congenic Strains of Mice

: Total, Mg2+, and Na+, K+ ATPase activities were studied in fresh brain homogenates of the audiogenic seizure (AGS)-resistant C57BL/6J (B6) and AGS-susceptible DBA/2J (D2) inbred strains and in 13 B6 × D2 (BXD) recombinant inbred (RI) strains. These activities were also studied in the D2.B6-Iasb congenic mice, that are similar genetically to D2 mice, except for the Iasb gene which inhibits the spread of AGS activity. The total and Mg2+ ATPase activities of the brainstem were significantly lower in the D2 than in the B6 mice at 21 days of age. No differences were found between these strains for Na+, K+ ATPase activity. The total, Mg2+, and Na+, K+ ATPase activities in the B6 brainstem did not change noticeably from 21 to 80 days of age. In the D2 brainstem, however, the Mg2+ activity increased with age, and the Na+, K+ ATPase activity decreased from 30 to 80 days of age. No genetic associations could be found between AGS susceptibility and total or Mg2+ ATPase activities in the D2.B6-Iasb mice or among the 13 BXD RI strains. Hence, differences in genetic background, rather than differences in AGS susceptibility, can account for the lower ATPase activities in 21-day-old D2 mice. Further, the Mg2+ and Na+, K+ ATPase activities appear to be regulated by more than one gene. This study emphasizes the utility of RI and congenic strains for testing the biochemical basis of AGS susceptibility in mice.
Risk, Uncertainty, and Option Exercise

Many economic decisions can be described as an option exercise or optimal stopping problem under uncertainty. Motivated by experimental evidence such as the Ellsberg Paradox, we follow Knight (1921) and distinguish risk from uncertainty. To afford this distinction, we adopt the multiple-priors utility model. We show that the impact of ambiguity on the option exercise decision depends on the relative degrees of ambiguity about continuation payoffs and termination payoffs. Consequently, ambiguity may accelerate or delay option exercise. We apply our results to firm investment and exit problems, and show that the myopic NPV rule can be optimal for an agent having an extremely high degree of ambiguity aversion.