cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Digital Hypertexts vs. Traditional Books: An Inquiry Into Non-Linearity

Digital Hypertexts vs. Traditional Books: An Inquiry Into Non-Linearity By Federica Fornaciari The current study begins with an awareness that today’s media environment is characterized by technological development and a new way of reading caused by the introduction of the Internet. The researcher conducted a meta analysis framed within Technological Determinism to investigate the process of hypertext reading, its differences from linear reading and the effects such differences can have on people’s ways of mentally structuring their world. The relationship between literacy and the comprehension achieved by reading hypertexts is also investigated. The results show hypertexts are not always user friendly. People experience hyperlinks as interruptions that distract their attention generating comprehension and disorientation. On one hand, hypertextual jumping reading generates interruptions that finally make people lose their concentration. On the other hand, hypertexts fascinate people who would rather read a document in such a format even though the outcome is often frustrating and affects their ability to elaborate and retain information.
Business model design for biotechnology firms

The objective of this study was to develop recommendations for business model design, similar to those developed by Amit, R. and Zott, C. (2001) 'Value creation in e-business', Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 22, No. 6, pp.493-520 for electronic commerce companies, for biotechnology companies. The scientific arena of biotechnology holds great promise for solving many of mankind's greatest challenges. Many of the forms conducting this type of research are young and small allowing for great flexibility in their design. This article reviews the literature on business model design and applies those lessons to biotechnology firms. The results of the analysis of 29 questionnaires are reported. Strong management skills and fund raising skills are important at all stages of the product life cycle. Scientific skills and laboratory technician skills declined in importance over the product life cycle; while marketing skills, manufacturing skills and public relations skills increased in importance over the product life cycle.
NMDA Receptor Antagonists Disinhibit Rat Posterior Cingulate and Retrosplenial Cortices: A Potential Mechanism of Neurotoxicity

NMDA receptor antagonists produce region-specific neurodegeneration by an undetermined mechanism, but one proposed mechanism involves disinhibition. In certain areas of the brain, NMDA receptors mediate excitatory drive onto inhibitory interneurons. Thus, NMDA receptor/channel antagonists may reduce inhibition (i.e., produce “disinhibition”). If a sufficient level of disinhibition is produced, enhanced vulnerability to excitotoxicity may result. Furthermore, if there are region-specific differences in NMDA antagonist-induced disinhibition, this could underlie region-specific NMDA antagonist-induced neurotoxicity. In the present study, we tested this hypothesis by exposing rat brain slices to the NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine maleate (MK-801) and measuring MK-801-induced disinhibition in areas of higher and lower vulnerability to neurodegeneration [posterior cingulate/retrosplenial cortices (PCC/RSC) and parietal cortex, respectively]. Using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques, bicuculline-sensitive GABAAreceptor-mediated IPSCs were measured in biocytin-labeled pyramidal neurons in the PCC/RSC and parietal cortex. In the PCC/RSC, bath-applied MK-801 (10–40 μm) produced disinhibition, shown as a concentration-dependent decrease in spontaneous IPSC frequency and amplitude; MK-801 (40 μm) also reduced evoked IPSC amplitudes. In parietal cortex, MK-801 produced significantly less disinhibition. To determine whether disinhibition is caused by presynaptic or postsynaptic mechanisms, we tested the effects of MK-801 (40 μm) against miniature IPSC (mIPSC) frequency and amplitude in tetrodotoxin (TTX; 0.5 μm)-treated slices and found that MK-801 did not alter mIPSC frequency or amplitude. Taken together, these results suggest that NMDA receptors regulate activity of inhibitory interneurons and, consequently, GABA release in certain cortical areas. This region-specific reduction in inhibitory input to pyramidal cells could underlie the region-specific neurotoxicity of NMDA antagonists.
An Architecture for Personal Cognitive Assistance

Current desktop environments provide weak support for carrying out complex user-oriented tasks. Although individual applications are becoming increasingly sophisticated and feature- rich, users must map their high-level goals to the low-level opera- tional vocabulary of applications, and deal with a myriad of rou- tine tasks (such as keeping up with email, keeping calendars and web sites up-to-date, etc.). An alternative vision is that of a per- sonal cognitive assistant. Like a good secretary, such an assistant would help users accomplish their high-level goals, coordinating the use of multiple applications, automatically handling routine tasks, and, most importantly, adapting to the individual needs of a user over time. In this paper we describe the architecture and its implementation for a personal cognitive assistant called RADAR. Key features include (a) extensibility through the use of a plug-in agent architecture (b) transparent integration with legacy applica- tions and data of today's desktop environments, and (c) extensive use of learning so that the environment adapts to the individual user over time.
The Mating Competence of Geographically Diverse Leishmania major Strains in Their Natural and Unnatural Sand Fly Vectors

Invertebrate stages of Leishmania are capable of genetic exchange during their extracellular growth and development in the sand fly vector. Here we explore two variables: the ability of diverse L. major strains from across its natural range to undergo mating in pairwise tests; and the timing of the appearance of hybrids and their developmental stage associations within both natural (Phlebotomus duboscqi) and unnatural (Lutzomyia longipalpis) sand fly vectors. Following co-infection of flies with parental lines bearing independent drug markers, doubly-drug resistant hybrid progeny were selected, from which 96 clonal lines were analyzed for DNA content and genotyped for parent alleles at 4–6 unlinked nuclear loci as well as the maxicircle DNA. As seen previously, the majority of hybrids showed ‘2n’ DNA contents, but with a significant number of ‘3n’ and one ‘4n’ offspring. In the natural vector, 97% of the nuclear loci showed both parental alleles; however, 3% (4/150) showed only one parental allele. In the unnatural vector, the frequency of uniparental inheritance rose to 10% (27/275). We attribute this to loss of heterozygosity after mating, most likely arising from aneuploidy which is both common and temporally variable in Leishmania. As seen previously, only uniparental inheritance of maxicircle kDNA was observed. Hybrids were recovered at similar efficiencies in all pairwise crosses tested, suggesting that L. major lacks detectable ‘mating types’ that limit free genetic exchange. In the natural vector, comparisons of the timing of hybrid formation with the presence of developmental stages suggest nectomonads as the most likely sexually competent stage, with hybrids emerging well before the first appearance of metacyclic promastigotes. These studies provide an important perspective on the prevalence of genetic exchange in natural populations of L. major and a guide for experimental studies to understand the biology of mating.
Catalytic conversion of alcohols: XIV. Alkene products from the conversion of 3-methyl-3-pentanol

New experimental results obtained for the reaction of 3-methyl-3-pentanol on alumina (Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/), gallium oxide (Ga/sub 2/O/sub 3/), indium oxide (In/sub 2/O/sub 3/), and tungsten trioxide (WO/sub 3/) showed similar cis-2, trans-2, and 1-alkene distributions for Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and Ga/sub 2/O/sub 3/, a higher 1-alkene selectivity for In/sub 2/O/sub 3/, and a distribution for WO/sub 3/ which is near equilibrium and similar to the distribution previously reported for other metal oxide. Trans- and cis-alkenes were incorrectly assigned in previous publications.
Note on blended linear multistep formulas

The blended linear multistep methods of Skeel and Kong (1977) are fairly simply expressed in Nordsieck form, but the underlying multistep method turns out to be much more complicated.
Macaques as model hosts for studies of HIV-1 infection.

Increasing evidence indicates that the host range of primate lentiviruses is in part determined by their ability to counteract innate restriction factors that are effectors of the type 1 interferon (IFN-1) response. For HIV-1, in vitro experiments have shown that its tropism may be narrow and limited to humans and chimpanzees because its replication in other nonhuman primate species is hindered by factors such as TRIM5α, APOBEC3G, and Tetherin. Based on these data, it has been hypothesized that primate lentiviruses will infect and replicate in a new species if they are able to counteract and evade suppression by the IFN-1 response. Several studies have tested whether engineering HIV-1 recombinants with minimal amounts of SIV sequences would enable replication in CD4+ T-cells of non-natural hosts such as Asian macaques and proposed that infection of these macaque species could be used to study transmission and pathogenesis. Indeed, infection of macaques with these viruses revealed that Vif-mediated counteraction of APOBEC3G function is central to cross-species tropism but that other IFN-induced factors may also play important roles in controlling replication. Further studies of these macaque models of infection with HIV-1 derivatives could provide valuable insights into the interaction of lentiviruses and the innate immune response and how lentiviruses adapt and cause disease.
Efficient UV and visible generation using a pulsed, Yb-doped fiber amplifier

We report efficient generation of the second, third, fourth, and fifth harmonics of a double-clad, Yb-doped fiber amplifier seeded by a pulsed Nd:YAG microchip laser. Up to 18 mW at 213 nm was obtained.
ubiquilin antagonizes presenilin and promotes neurodegeneration in Drosophila

The majority of familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases are caused by mutations in presenilins, therefore, identifying regulators of presenilins is crucial for understanding AD pathogenesis. Ubiquilin 1 (UBQLN1) binds Presenilins in mammalian cells; however, the functional significance of this interaction in vivo remains unclear. Moreover, while genetic variants in UBQLN1 have recently been reported to associate with an increased risk for AD, whether these variants have altered function is unknown. Here, we show that Drosophila Ubiquilin (Ubqn) binds to Drosophila Presenilin (Psn), and that loss of ubqn function suppresses phenotypes that arise from loss of psn function in vivo. In addition, overexpression of ubqn in the eye results in adult-onset, age-dependent retinal degeneration, which is at least partially apoptotic in nature. The degeneration associated with ubqn overexpression can also be suppressed by psn overexpression and enhanced by expression of a dominant negative version of Psn. Remarkably, expression of the human AD-associated variant of UBQLN1 leads to more severe degeneration than does comparable expression of the human wildtype UBQLN1. Together, these data identify Ubqn as a regulator of Psn, support an important role for UBQLN1 in AD pathogenesis, and suggest the possibility that expression of a human AD-associated variant can cause neurodegeneration independent of amyloid production.
Immunogenicity Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus Clumping Factor A Genetic Variants

The staphylococcal adhesin clumping factor A (ClfA) has a variant amino acid sequence, generating the potential for alterations in epitope structure and immunogenicity of this vaccine candidate. We demonstrated for two recombinant ClfA(40-531) (a slightly truncated version of the fibrinogen-binding domain of ClfA containing amino acids 40 to 531) genetic variants that strain-specific epitopes are immunodominant. This work indicates that immune responses elicited by ClfA may, at least in part, be dependent on the strain of origin of the ClfA.
A Comparison of How Gifted/LD and Average/LD Boys Cope with School Frustration.

Gifted/LD and Average/LD middle school boys in grades six through nine were compared on the ways they cope with difficult school situations. Both groups completed the Coping Resources Inventory (CR...
P-glycoprotein regulates Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B-stimulated interleukin-5 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin secretion in organotypic mucosal explants.

Background T-helper 2 (Th2) inflammation is a hallmark of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) although the pathogenesis is poorly understood. P-glycoprotein (permeability glycoprotein, P-gp) is an efflux pump that is capable of regulating cytokine transport and is expressed within sinonasal mucosa. The purpose of this study was to examine if the oversecretion of interleukin 5 (IL-5) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in CRSwNP could be explained through P-gp–mediated secretory pathways. Methods Fifteen ethmoid mucosal explants were harvested from patients with CRS (n = 10) and CRSwNP (n = 10) and stimulated with Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB). P-gp was inhibited using zosuquidar trihydrochloride (herein Zosuquidar). P-gp expression was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IL-5, IL-8, and TSLP secretion were quantified using ELISA. Results P-gp protein was overexpressed in CRSwNP (28.32 ± 25.94 ng/mL per mg explant) as compared to CRS (10.74 ± 8.61; p = 0.01, 2-tailed Mann-Whitney U test). There was no difference in messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. SEB induced a significant increase in IL-5 and TSLP but not IL-8 secretion relative to control in the CRSwNP explants only. Subsequent P-gp inhibition significantly reduced IL-5 and TSLP secretion (p = 0.04 for both, 2-tailed Student t test) to control levels. The concentration of IL-5 and TSLP secretion were strongly and significantly correlated to the concentration of P-gp within the same explant (IL-5: r = 0.791, p = 0.001; TSLP: r = 0.687, p = 0.003; 2-tailed Spearman's rank-order correlation). Conclusion P-gp protein is expressed at higher concentrations in CRSwNP as compared to CRS. This overexpression directly contributes to the relative hypersecretion of IL-5 and TSLP. These findings suggest a novel mechanism for Th2 skewing in CRSwNP.
Involvement of calprotectin (S100A8/A9) in molecular pathways associated with HNSCC

// Ali Khammanivong 1,4,5 , Brent S. Sorenson 1 , Karen F. Ross 1,2 , Erin B. Dickerson 4,5 , Rifat Hasina 3 , Mark W. Lingen 3 and Mark C. Herzberg 1,2 1 Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA 2 Mucosal and Vaccine Research Center, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA 3 Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA 4 Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA 5 Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Correspondence to: Mark C. Herzberg, email: // Keywords : calprotectin, S100A8/A9, cell cycle, differentiation, carcinogenesis Received : November 04, 2015 Accepted : January 29, 2016 Published : February 13, 2016 Abstract Calprotectin (S100A8/A9), a heterodimeric protein complex of calcium-binding proteins S100A8 and S100A9, plays key roles in cell cycle regulation and inflammation, with potential functions in squamous cell differentiation. While upregulated in many cancers, S100A8/A9 is downregulated in squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix, esophagus, and the head and neck (HNSCC). We previously reported that ectopic S100A8/A9 expression inhibits cell cycle progression in carcinoma cells. Here, we show that declining expression of S100A8 / A9 in patients with HNSCC is associated with increased DNA methylation, less differentiated tumors, and reduced overall survival. Upon ectopic over-expression of S100A8/A9, the cancer phenotype of S100A8/A9-negative carcinoma cells was suppressed in vitro and tumor growth in vivo was significantly decreased. MMP1, INHBA, FST, LAMC2, CCL3, SULF1, and SLC16A1 were significantly upregulated in HNSCC but were downregulated by S100A8/A9 expression. Our findings strongly suggest that downregulation of S100A8/A9 through epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to increased proliferation, malignant transformation, and disease progression in HNSCC.
Control of Insects and Mites on Fruit Trees by Trunk Injections

In greenhouse tests with the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus telarius (L.), the antibiotics cytovirin, cycloheximide, and streptovitacin A were effective when injected into peach seedling stems and sprayed on leaves. Cyclohcximidc was not effective when sprayed on trunks and limbs of peach seedlings or applied in bands of paste on limbs of mature apple trees. Trunk injections and foliar sprays of cycloheximide were effective also against peach silver mite, Aculus cornutus (Banks). Solutions of such water-soluble compounds as trichlorfon and methyl demeton moved rapidly to leaves of pear and cherry trees and gave good control of two-spotted spider mite. Water-insoluble compounds moved to leaves of cherry trees when injected in trunks in emulsions and in solution in dimethyl sulfoxide and some other solvents. Many solvents and solutions were phytotoxic at dosages used and caused considerable streaking or uneven distribution in different tree limbs owing to a much more rapid longitudinal than cross movement of materials from the injection site. Distribution was not improved when solutions were injected into a large tree root. Good control of pear psylla, Psylla pyricola Forster, was obtained in biotests of adults on pear leaves 2 weeks after trees were injected with Bidrin® (3-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl- cis -croton-arnide dimethyl phosphate) and Bayer 47043 (O,O-dimethyl-S- (N,N'-dimethylmalonicamide) thiophosphate). Trunk injections of dimethoate emulsions and some water solutions of other compounds gave control of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), the apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeGeer, and the woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann).
On Bernoulli Play with Limited Resources

(1960). On Bernoulli Play with Limited Resources. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 67, No. 4, pp. 344-348.
Cancer Immune Equilibrium and Schizophrenia Have Similar Interferon-γ, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, and Interleukin Expression: A Tumor Model of Schizophrenia

For at least a century, a debate has continued as to whether cancer risk is reduced in schizophrenia. Genetic studies have also suggested the 2 conditions may share protein transcriptional pathways. The author predicted that if the pathophysiology of schizophrenia confers protection from cancer, then the immunology of schizophrenia should reflect a state of tumor suppression, ie, the opposite of tumor escape. To examine this possibility, the author performed a literature search for measurements of cytokines in drug-naive first episode subjects with schizophrenia for comparison with cytokine expression in tumor escape vs tumor suppression. The comparison showed that instead of either tumor suppression or escape, schizophrenia appears to be in a state of tumor equilibrium. Based on this finding, the author hypothesized that the clinical presentation of schizophrenia may involve cell transformation similar to an early stage of cancer initiation or an attenuated tumorigenesis. While this condition could reflect the presence of an actual tumor such as an ovarian teratoma causing anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, it would only explain a small percentage of cases. To find a more likely tumor model, the author then compared the cytokine profile of schizophrenia to individual cancers and found the best match was melanoma. To demonstrate the viability of the theory, the author compared the hallmarks, emerging hallmarks, and enabling characteristics of melanoma to schizophrenia and found that many findings in schizophrenia are understood if schizophrenia is a condition of attenuated tumorigenesis.
Diagnostic value of conization of cervix and pathologic histology with vaginoscope in diagnosing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Objective:To compare the diagnostic value of conization of cervix and pathologic histology with vaginoscope in diagnosing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN).Methods:101 patients who were diagnosed CIN with pathologic histology with vaginoscope were operated on conization of cervix,and compared the pathologic results before and after the operation.Results:Within 13 cases of CINⅠdegree diagnosed of pathologic histology with vaginoscope,9 cases were coincident with the result of conization of cervix,the pathologic degree of 3 cases increased after the operation and 1 case decreased;within 46 cases of CINⅡ degree diagnosed of pathologic histologh with vaginoscope,27 cases were coincident with the result of coization of cervix,the pathologic degree of 7 cases increased after the operation and 10 cases decreased.Conclusion:Pathologic histology with vaginoscope is a simple and effective method for diagnosing CIN,conization of cervix can remedy the defect of the pathologic histology with vaginoscope and shows a therapeutical effect.
Mitochondria and Oxidative Stress in Diabetes

As they are essential for aerobic metabolism, mitochondria are of obvious interest in regard to the pathophysiology of diabetes. In this regard, it is important to consider that in addition to their metabolic action, mitochondria also contribute substantially to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ultimately this leads to oxidative damage and organ dysfunction. Hence, it is not surprising that diabetes-related perturbations in mitochondrial ROS production have been identified which likely impact the pathophysiology underlying the disorder as well as its complications.
Susceptibility and Response of Pines to Sirex noctilio

Sirex noctilio uses an unusual, two-component approach to kill pine trees and provide a source of nutrition for its developing larvae. A substantial amount of research was undertaken in the 1960s and 1970s to examine the mechanisms by which these two components – a mucus produced in the woodwasp acid – (venom) gland, and a pathogenic fungus, Amylostereum areolatum, both of which are introduced into trees during oviposition – contribute to the death of trees. This chapter reviews the effects that the woodwasp mucus was shown to have when introduced to trees in the absence of the fungus, including resinosis, premature senescence and abscission of needles, and collapse of parenchymal cells with consequent loss of photosynthate translocation, as well as changes in respiration, and reduced growth rates. The effects seen in trees that were artificially inoculated with A. areolatum, including increased ethylene production and the induction of polyphenol biosynthesis, are also reviewed. Also discussed are the roles played by tree health and environmental stresses in determining overall susceptibility of host trees to attack by S. noctilio. These past observations are placed within the context of our current understanding of plant defense responses to attack by insects and pathogens, and a number of promising areas for future research are highlighted.
A case study of managing the development of complex statistical software

Use of an iterative software development life cycle (SDLC) has been essential to the success of the SUDAAN Statistical Software product, which is created and marketed by RTI International [1]. The SUDAAN team is made up of statisticians and software developers who must work together to plan and produce each new release of the software. In order to ensure an efficient process, the SUDAAN team has evolved an SDLC that allows for iterative interaction between the requirements and design phases and that ensures that significant testing is done by all parties. This paper presents a case study that focuses on the way the SDLC for SUDAAN helped us in the development of the HOTDECK procedure introduced in Release 10 of SUDAAN.
Understanding Unemployment in Developed Industrial Economies

In the last decade, most industrial countries have operated at levels of unemployment which, in previous times, would have seemed inconceivable. Even in the United States, ‘normal’ rates of unemployment in the latter half of the 1970s have been almost twice those of the 1960s, and whereas we used to speak in the 1950s and 1960s as if the ‘full employment’ level of unemployment was in the range of 3.5 to 4 per cent of the labour force, that level is now almost universally taken to be around 6 per cent.
Identification of Serotonergic Neuronal Modules that Affect Aggressive Behavior.

Escalated aggression can have devastating societal consequences, yet underlying neurobiological mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show significantly increased inter-male mouse aggression when neurotransmission is constitutively blocked from either of two subsets of serotonergic, Pet1+ neurons: one identified by dopamine receptor D1(Drd1a)::cre-driven activity perinatally, and the other by Drd2::cre from pre-adolescence onward. Blocking neurotransmission from other Pet1+ neuron subsets of similar size and/or overlapping anatomical domains had no effect on aggression compared with controls, suggesting subtype-specific serotonergic neuron influences on aggression. Using established and novel intersectional genetic tools, we further characterized these subtypes across multiple parameters, showing both overlapping and distinct features in axonal projection targets, gene expression, electrophysiological properties, and effects on non-aggressive behaviors. Notably, Drd2::cre marked 5-HT neurons exhibited D2-dependent inhibitory responses to dopamine in slices, suggesting direct and specific interplay between inhibitory dopaminergic signaling and a serotonergic subpopulation. Thus, we identify specific serotonergic modules that shape aggression.
Securing Judicial Review Under the Administrative Procedure Act of Denials of Modifications of Mortgages Held by Fannie Mac and Freddie Mac

In 2009, the Obama Administration created a program intended to prevent home mortgage foreclosures by allowing modifications of the mortgages. The program was HAMP – Home Affordable Modification Program. HAMP has been a notorious failure, with a July 2015 report stating that only 30% of homeowners who applied for modifications were successful. Although servicer misconduct in administration of HAMP has been rampant, courts generally have not allowed homeowners to secure judicial review of denials of mortgage modifications.This article advances an argument that has not been made in litigation or commentary: that at least for mortgages held or guaranteed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac (which comprise more than half the mortgages in the U.S.), judicial review of modification denials is available under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA). This is the case because before HAMP was created, Fannie and Freddie had been put into conservatorship by the Federal Housing Finance Agency, which unquestionably is subject to the APA and is in total control of every aspect of the activities of Fannie and Freddie. Thus, the denials are final agency action subject to judicial review.
Correlated Topics in a Scalable Multidimensional Text Cube: Algorithms and Aviation Safety Case Study

As world-wide air traffic continues to grow even at a modest pace, the overall complexity of the system will increase significantly. This increased complexity can lead to a larger number of fatalities per year even if the extremely low fatality rate that we currently enjoy is maintained. One important source of information about the safety of the aviation system is in Aviation Safety Text Reports which are written by members of the flight crew, air traffic controllers, and other parties involved with the aviation system. These anonymized narrative reports contain fixed-field contextual information about the flight but also contain free-form narratives that describe, in the author s own words, the nature of the safety incident and, in many cases, the contributing factors that led to the safety incident. Several thousand such reports are filed each month, each of which is read and analyzed by highly trained experts. However, it is possible that there are emerging safety issues due to the fact that they may be reported very infrequently and in different contexts with different descriptions. The goal of this research paper is to develop correlated topic models which uncover correlations in the subspaces defined by the intersection of numerous fixed fields and discovered correlated topics. This task requires the discovery of latent topics in the text reports and the creation of a topic cube. Furthermore, because the number of potential cells in the topic cube is very large, we discuss novel methods of pruning the search space in the topic cells, thereby making the analysis feasible. We demonstrate the new algorithms on an analysis of pilot fatigue and its contributing factors, as well as the safety incidents that are correlated with this phenomenon.
The influence of spatial configuration on the frequency of use of hand sanitizing stations in health care environments.

Background The lack of user-friendly, accessible, and visible hand sanitizing stations (HSSs) in health care environments are significant factors affecting low hand hygiene compliance rates among caregivers. Objective To determine whether the simulated parameters of visibility and global traffic flow score for an HSS can influence the frequency of use of that HSS. Methods Space syntax was used to measure virtual simulation of spatial layouts of 3 units to provide quantitative visibility and global traffic flow scores for each HSS. The frequency of use of HSSs was measured for 2 weeks in 3 units in a community hospital through electronic tracking with self-developed motion sensors. Behavioral observations were also conducted during the same period to validate hand hygiene data obtained through electronic tracking. Linear models were used to tests how much variance in use is accounted for when visibility and/or global traffic flow are included in the model. Results When the visibility score for an HSS increases (decrease), frequency of use of the HSS will increase (decrease) ( F [5, 65] = 13.877; P F [5, 65] = 13.877; P Conclusions This study proposed and validated a novel approach of using space syntax simulations to predict and optimize hand hygiene behavior.
Perception of partner sexual history: Effects on safe-sex intentions.

Objective Sexual intercourse is a dyadic activity, and intentions to engage in safe sex vary across partners. Because pregnant and newly parenting adolescents and young adults are at high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), it is important to understand sexual decision-making in this population. Method This cross-sectional study examined how participants' own risk behavior and their partners' risk behavior influence perceptions of partner risk, and the impact of risk perceptions on condom use intentions and monogamy intentions in 296 pregnant adolescent and young adult couples (MAgeFemale = 18.71 years; MAgeMale = 21.33 years). Results Participants' behavior and their partners' behavior both related to increased perceptions of partner risk. Male participants' perceptions were more strongly influenced by female partners' behavior than participants' own behavior. Perceiving a partner as having a history of more risk behaviors trended toward a negative relationship with condom use intentions and monogamy intentions. For females, more previous sex partners related negatively to condom use intentions and positively to monogamy intentions. Having a male partner with more previous sex partners related positively to condom use intentions and monogamy intentions. Conclusions Perceptions of partner risk did not significantly relate to condom use intentions and monogamy intentions, however, trends suggest that risk perception could reflect similarity bias and ongoing risk engagement. Differences in partner perception by gender suggest that females may communicate more openly about risks. Interventions to reduce STI transmission in couples should work to interrupt trajectories of risky behavior and enhance risk communication. (PsycINFO Database Record
Dynamics, control, and metastability in correlated oxides

I will present results of photoinduced insulator-to-metal-transition dynamics in La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 films that have been strain-engineered to quench the thermal IMT. Photoexcitation initiates a nonthermal transition to a “hidden” metallic phase that is metastable yet robust.
Benjamin Franklin and the Invention of Microfinance. By Bruce H. Yenawine

Academic writing on Benjamin Franklin has recently burgeoned into what some have called “Franklin studies,” with two volumes of scholarly essays (one published, another on the way) and monographs focusing on his contributions to science, philosophy, and letters, among other subjects. Because of a strange twist of fate, Bruce Yenawine’s useful and interesting contribution both predates and comes at the crest of this rising wave. Just published in Pickering & Chatto’s Financial History series, it is an edited but not significantly updated version of his 1995 dissertation, completed two years before his death.
Relish the Thought and Channel Your Chloride, for Bacterial Clearance Depends on It

Macrophage-mediated bacterial clearance relies on phagocytic uptake of the pathogen, subsequent phagolysosomal maturation, and microbial degradation. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Wong et al. (2017) report that a chloride transporter couples phagocytosis and bacterial clearance in an NF-κB-mediated feedforward loop, which is required for sustained pathogen uptake.
The Portrayal of Conversation “Cathy” Cartoons: A Heuristic Tool for Rules Research

(1987). The Portrayal of Conversation “Cathy” Cartoons: A Heuristic Tool for Rules Research. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 10, Communication Yearbook 10, pp. 788-807.
Static jump test performance is related to back squat strength in athletes

We examined a static jump test's relationship with back squat strength in collegiate athletes. Forty-one (n = 41) young (aged 20.8 ± 2.4 years), healthy volunteers reported estimated back squat one-repetition maximums and completed a static jump protocol. The static jump protocol included five loading conditions, and jump height was estimated via flight time from portable contact mats. Loading conditions for males (n = 19) included 0 kg (polyvinylchloride pipe), 20.42 kg, 43.10 kg, 61.25 kg, and 83.94 kg whereas females (n = 22) used 0 kg, 12.70 kg, 20.42 kg, 29.49 kg, and 43.10 kg. Relationships between back squat one-repetition maximums, jump height, ratio (jump height/system mass) at each loading condition, mean jump height and ratio across loading conditions, change in jump height and ratio per condition (ΔJH, ΔRatio), and performance slope (slope of best fit line for system mass vs. jump height) were evaluated. Amongst all subjects, large (r > 0.70), statistically significant correlations were found ...
Use of low-dose chlorpromazine in conjunction with environmental enrichment to eliminate self-injurious behavior in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta)

A 7-year-old, captive-bred, female rhesus macaque was placed in a quarantine facility upon arrival at our institution. At release from quarantine, she was observed pawing at and chewing on her left cheek. Physical examination revealed ulcerative lesions on the buccal surface of the left cheek. Initial differential diagnoses included Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 (B virus)-induced lesions and bacterial infection. Dental abnormalities and cheek pouch foreign body were ruled out during the physical exam. Treatment with 30 mg/kg cefazolin intramuscularly every 12 h was initiated. Twelve days later, the animal presented with a 2 x 2-cm, full-thickness erosion involving the opposite (right) cheek. Treatment with buprenorphine (0.1 mg/kg intramuscularly every 24 h) was initiated. Cultures for B virus were negative, and only nonpathogenic bacteria were isolated from swabs of the lesions. Hematology and serum chemistry profiles were normal. A wedge biopsy of the lesion revealed no definitive etiology. Further observation revealed that the lesions likely resulted from self-injurious behavior (SIB). Treatment with low-dose chlorpromazine (1 mg/kg intramuscularly once daily for 25 days, and then 0.5 mg/kg intramuscularly once daily for 25 days) was initiated. Bodyweight and condition were maintained during therapy, and serial hematology and serum chemistry profiles were normal. The animal was moved into a different room, and a toy "necklace" was created. The SIB was eliminated, and lesions healed within 35 days. Presently, 20 months after presentation, this animal remains in good health.
Effects of Age and Sex on Hospital Readmission in Traumatic Brain Injury.

Abstract Objective To investigate the effects of age and sex on 30-, 60-, and 90-day hospital readmission after acute hospital discharge for individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Acute hospitals and postacute discharge settings. Participants Individuals (N=52,877) with Diagnosis Related Group codes of TBI, who were divided into 4 age groups: 18 to 40, 41 to 65, 66 to 75, and ≥76 years. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures All-cause hospital readmission. Results Sex differences in 30-, 60-, and 90-day hospital readmission were found among all age groups ( P Conclusions Age and sex were significantly associated with hospital readmission during the first 90 days postdischarge in our TBI sample. Specifically, those aged 66 to 75 or ≥76 years had the highest readmission risk over 90 days for both sexes. The findings suggest that clinicians should consider age and sex in discharge planning and for the entire episode of care for the population with TBI.
Generative fatherhood and children’s future civic engagement: A conceptual model of the relationship between paternal engagement and child’s developing prosocial skills

Socio-emotional readiness for civic activities is necessary for young children emerging from their infant-toddler years. Cognitive skills and emotional regulation are essential to learning about on...
Examining the military–media nexus in ISIS’s provincial photography campaign

AbstractIslamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) views military action and media operations as two equally important, reinforcing components of its campaign. With provinces disseminating 95% of ISIS’...
Synthesis and characterization of Ca-doped LaMnAsO

We report on our attempt to hole-dope the antiferromagnetic semiconductor LaMnAsO by substitution of the ${\mathrm{La}}^{3+}$ site by ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{2+}$. We use neutron and x-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, and transport techniques to characterize polycrystalline $({\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{x})\mathrm{MnAsO}$ samples prepared by solid-state reaction and find that the parent compound is highly resistant to substitution with an upper limit $x\ensuremath{\le}0.01$. Magnetic susceptibility of the parent and the $x=0.002\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}({x}_{\mathrm{nom}}=0.04)$ compounds indicate a negligible presence of magnetic impurities (i.e., MnO or MnAs). Rietveld analysis of neutron and x-ray diffraction data shows the preservation of both the tetragonal $(P4/nmm)$ structure upon doping and the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature, ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}=355\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5$ K.
Optimal ECG Trigger Point in Electron-Beam CT Studies: Three Methods for Minimizing Motion Artifacts

Rationale and Objectives The authors hypothesized that electrocardiographic triggering near end systole could minimize motion artifacts in electron-beam computed tomography (CT) of the coronary artery. Materials and Methods The study included 2,660 patients who underwent coronary artery calcium scanning with electron-beam CT. Trigger times were as follows: end of T wave, 120 to 25 msec before end of T wave, 25–50 msec after end of T wave, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 90%, and 100% of R-R interval. The authors divided each group into seven subgroups according to heart rate. The percentages of cases with motion artifact in the right coronary artery were computed. Optimal trigger times were defined for each group, as well as for scan acquisitions of 250 and 200 msec. Results The optimal trigger times were as follows for heart rates of less than 50, 51–60, 61–70, 71–80, 81–90, 91–100, and more than 100 beats per minute, respectively: for 100-msec scans, 359 (27% of the R-R interval), 228 (31%), 314 (34%), 304 (38%), 289 (41%), 283 (45%), and 274 msec (48%) after the R wave; for 250-msec scans, 840 (63%), 654 (60%), 240 (26%), 224 (28%), 219 (31%), 208 (33%), and 200 msec (35%) after the R wave; and for 200-msec scans, 722 (65%), 687 (63%), 249 (27%), 248 (31%), 244 (35%), 233 (37%), and 223 msec (39%) after the R wave. Conclusion The use of these new electrocardiographic triggers before end systole yielded the lowest percentage of motion artifacts (<3% across all heart rates), much lower than for conventional triggers (51% of cases with motion artifact for 80% trigger, P < .001).
Diagnostic equivalency of fast T2 and FLAIR sequences for pediatric brain MRI: a pilot study

Faster and motion robust magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences are desirable in pediatric brain MRI as they can help reduce the need for monitored anesthesia care, which is a costly and limited resource that carries medical risks. To evaluate the diagnostic equivalency of commercially available accelerated motion robust MR sequences relative to standard sequences. This was an institutional review board-approved prospective study. Subjects underwent a clinical brain MRI using conventional multiplanar images at 3 Tesla followed by fast axial T2 and FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) sequences optimized for an approximately 50% reduction in acquisition time. Conventional and fast images from each subject were reviewed by two blinded pediatric neuroradiologists. The readers evaluated the presence of 12 findings. Intra-observer agreement was estimated for fast versus conventional sequences. For each set of sequences, interobserver agreement calculations and chi-square tests were used to evaluate differences between fast and conventional acquisitions. An independent third reader reviewed the intra-observer discrepancies and adjudicated them as being more conspicuous on fast sequence, conventional sequence or the equivalent. The readers also were asked to rate motion artifacts with a previously validated score. Images from 77 children (mean age: 11.3 years) were analyzed. Intra-observer agreement (fast versus conventional) ranged between 89.2% and 92.3%. Interobserver agreement ranged between 86.1% and 88.4%. Interobserver agreement was significantly higher for conventional FLAIR relative to fast FLAIR for small (<5 mm) foci of T2 in the white matter. Otherwise, interobserver agreement was not different between the fast and conventional sequences. For awake subjects, fast sequences had significantly fewer artifacts (P<0.05). Conventional T2 and FLAIR sequences can be optimized to shorten acquisition while maintaining diagnostic equivalency. These faster sequences were also less susceptible to motion artifacts.
Fairness-Aware Demand Prediction for New Mobility

Emerging transportation modes, including car-sharing, bike-sharing, and ride-hailing, are transforming urban mobility yet have been shown to reinforce socioeconomic inequity. These services rely on accurate demand prediction, but the demand data on which these models are trained reflect biases around demographics, socioeconomic conditions, and entrenched geographic patterns. To address these biases and improve fairness, we present FairST, a fairness-aware demand prediction model for spatiotemporal urban applications, with emphasis on new mobility. We use 1D (time-varying, space-constant), 2D (space-varying, time-constant) and 3D (both time- and space-varying) convolutional branches to integrate heterogeneous features, while including fairness metrics as a form of regularization to improve equity across demographic groups. We propose two spatiotemporal fairness metrics, region-based fairness gap (RFG), applicable when demographic information is provided as a constant for a region, and individual-based fairness gap (IFG), applicable when a continuous distribution of demographic information is available. Experimental results on bike share and ride share datasets show that FairST can reduce inequity in demand prediction for multiple sensitive attributes (i.e. race, age, and education level), while achieving better accuracy than even state-of-the-art fairness-oblivious methods.
In Situ Wireless Channel Visualization Using Augmented Reality and Ray Tracing

This article presents a novel methodology for predicting wireless signal propagation using ray-tracing algorithms, and visualizing signal variations in situ by leveraging Augmented Reality (AR) tools. The proposed system performs a special type of spatial mapping, capable of converting a scanned indoor environment to a vector facet model. A ray-tracing algorithm uses the facet model for wireless signal predictions. Finally, an AR application overlays the signal strength predictions on the physical space in the form of holograms. Although some indoor reconstruction models have already been developed, this paper proposes an image to a facet algorithm for indoor reconstruction and compares its performance with existing AR algorithms, such as spatial understanding that are modified to create the required facet models. In addition, the paper orchestrates AR and ray-tracing techniques to provide an in situ network visualization interface. It is shown that the accuracy of the derived facet models is acceptable, and the overall signal predictions are not significantly affected by any potential inaccuracies of the indoor reconstruction. With the expected increase of densely deployed indoor 5G networks, it is believed that these types of AR applications for network visualization will play a key role in the successful planning of 5G networks.
Nursing Faculty Experiences With Students' Needlestick Injuries.

Background Nursing students are at increased risk of needlestick injury (NSI) due to limited clinical experience and underdeveloped skills. Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe faculty experiences with nursing students who sustain an NSI. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional survey design was used to examine nursing faculty experience with student NSIs occurring during clinical practicum experiences. Results Thirty-four percent (n = 904) of nursing faculty respondents reported having supervised at least 1 nursing student who experienced an NSI while providing care to a patient. Only 47% (n = 1112) of faculty indicated that a student could access effective exposure management. Conclusions Structured simulation activities in which faculty manage a student NSI would provide faculty with essential NSI exposure management experience. Integrating blood-borne pathogen exposure management simulation into faculty development activities would bring a level of realism to the training that a lecture or written policy cannot provide.