cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanochemical coupling in the myosin motor domain. II. Analysis of critical residues.

An important challenge in the analysis of mechanochemical coupling in molecular motors is to identify residues that dictate the tight coupling between the chemical site and distant structural rearrangements. In this work, a systematic attempt is made to tackle this issue for the conventional myosin. By judiciously combining a range of computational techniques with different approximations and strength, which include targeted molecular dynamics, normal mode analysis, and statistical coupling analysis, we are able to identify a set of important residues and propose their relevant function during the recovery stroke of myosin. These analyses also allowed us to make connections with previous experimental and computational studies in a critical manner. The behavior of the widely used reporter residue, Trp501, in the simulations confirms the concern that its fluorescence does not simply reflect the relay loop conformation or active-site open/close but depends subtly on its microenvironment. The findings in the targeted molecular dynamics and a previous minimum energy path analysis of the recovery stroke have been compared and analyzed, which emphasized the difference and complementarity of the two approaches. In conjunction with our previous studies, the current set of investigations suggest that the modulation of structural flexibility at both the local (e.g., active-site) and domain scales with strategically placed “hotspot” residues and phosphate chemistry is likely the general feature for mechanochemical coupling in many molecular motors. The fundamental strategies of examining both collective and local changes and combining physically motivated methods and informatics-driven techniques are expected to be valuable to the study of other molecular motors and allosteric systems in general.
Standardizing the method of measuring by echocardiogram the diameter of the ascending aorta in patients with a bicuspid aortic valve

Serial echocardiographic follow-up of patients with a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), in addition to providing assessment of valve dysfunction, can help identify those at risk of aortic complications. However, currently there is no standardized echocardiographic method for measuring the ascending aorta. We examined the echocardiograms of 45 patients with a BAV and 45 matched controls to understand the effects of the measurement location (1, 2, and 3 cm above the sinotubular junction) and the point in the cardiac cycle (end-diastole, mid-systole, and end-systole) at which the ascending aortic measurements are made. A greater length of aorta could be measured in end-systole than in end-diastole, presumably because of aortic recoil. Using the control data for comparison, we found that more dilated ascending aortas were detected by measuring 3 cm above the sinotubular junction in the patients with a BAV (56%) than at 1 cm (42%). The increases in size between 1 and 2 cm were greater than those between 2 and 3 cm. In conclusion, we propose that all transthoracic echocardiograms should include the proximal aorta at least 2 cm and preferably 3 cm above the sinotubular junction and suggest that for standardization and optimal visualization the measurements be done at end-systole in all patients.
Aspergillus Parasiticus Growth and Aflatoxin Production on Dehydrated Taro

A study was made of Aspergillus parasiticus growth and aflatoxin production on four taro media. The critical equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) for natural mold growth on unsterilized dehydrated taro was 88% at 20°C. However, nontoxigenic A. parasiticus NRRL 1957 did not grow at this ERH on dehydrated raw taro incubated at 20°, 30°, or 40°C. Instead, the growth of A. parasiticus NRRL 1957 on dehydrated taro was optimum at 30°C and an ERH of 96%. Aflatoxin production by toxigenic A. parasiticus NRRL 2999 was investigated on four taro media under optimal growth conditions. Only moderate quantities of aflatoxins were produced by A. parasiticus NRRL 2999 on uncooked dehydrated taro, but cooking or supplementation with peptone stimualted mycelial growth and aflatoxin production slightly. Nevertheless, growth and aflatoxin production on cooked or peptone-supplemented taro media was low.
An Input-Output Unit for Analog Computers

An instrument servomechanism that can be used either as an X-Y recorder or as a curve-follower type of function generator is described. The theory of operation is discussed, and a typical example of the instrument's use as a function generator is presented.
A Response to “Social Privilege, Social Justice, and Group Counseling: An Inquiry”: Social Privilege: Counselors' Competence With Systemically Determined Inequalities

The literature is extensive about explanatory behavioral and social effects with an individual or micro focus. A somewhat less programmatic literature exits in social justice that considers systemic or macro factors: for example, mental health service and its structures that perpetuate inequity and disparity in service delivery. Social privilege arises from macro-level environments wherein certain social identities of race, class, gender, sexuality, and religion are considered normative with perceived natural rights, whereas those not thus privileged are questioned and discredited. The article approaches privilege as a therapist attitudinal variable, a subjective experience as well as perception of entitlement, which can be remediated through the practice of multicultural counseling competencies. As a multicultural competency, group therapists are expected to learn about groups with different social classes, their privileged cultures and feelings of entitlement as opposed to marginalized cultures, and the...
Power reduction by aggressive synthesis design space exploration

An increasing focus on design productivity is shifting microprocessor design to more synthesis-centric design methodologies. Low power design is also rising in importance, even for higher performance server chips. This paper proposes a design methodology capitalizing on the relatively low cost of parallel synthesis job submission for design space exploration. By tailoring the design flow for parallel and iterative design space exploration we attempt to maximize the return on investment (ROI) of design effort. The methodology was applied to the IBM POWER7+™ microprocessor to save power during the second release of the chip. This paper provides an overview of the methodology as well as chip hardware measurements showing power savings.
Adriamycin: Effect on mammalian cardiac cells in culture I. Cell population and energy metabolism

The use of adriamycin, an effective cancer chemotherapeutic agent, may be precluded because of cardiotoxic side effects of unknown etiology. Mammalian cardiac cells in culture were used as a model system in the study of the mechanisms involved. Adriamycin treatment inhibited cell growth and cytochemical staining demonstrated that the cell population was enriched in myocardial cells following the drug treatment. The fast-dividing non-myocardial cells were particularly susceptible to adriamycin. The latter might be a contributing factor in the cardiomyopathy but the cessation of the rhythmic contractions characteristic of myocardial cells in culture remains to be elucidated. The analysis of acid soluble cells extracts showed a 30% decrease in intracellular concentrations of ATP and phosphorylcreatine. The addition of creatine to adriamycin treated cells resulted in a several-fold increase in the steady state concentration of phosphorylcreatine. Therefore, the regulation of energy production and the potential to maintain a high steady state concentration of phosphorylcreatine were not impaired.
Transplantation of normal and genetically modified adrenocortical cells.

Cell transplantation techniques have been applied to the study of the biology of the adrenal cortex and to adrenocortical cell proliferation, differentiation, and senescence. Primary bovine adrenocortical cells, primary human adrenocortical cells and genetically modified bovine adrenocortical cells have been transplanted. Successful methods include transplantation of cells beneath the kidney capsule and several subcutaneous cell transplantation procedures. In successful transplants the cells form a functional vascularized tissue structure that allows the host animals to survive adrenalectomy. We show here that subcutaneous cell transplantation does not depend on embedding cells in collagen get before introduction into the host animal. Subcutaneous transplants secrete both cortisol and aldosterone. However, the variability of plasma aldosterone levels indicates that the factors that determine glomerulosa-type and fasciculata-type cell function in transplant tissues are not well understood.
An Affinity Probe for Isolation of Abscisic Acid-Binding Proteins

An affinity probe has been developed for isolation of receptor proteins that bind the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA). The structural features required for biological activity have been preserved, and the probe has been demonstrated to bind to known ABA-binding proteins.
Vibrational energy transfer in the chemical energy regime using stimulated emission pumping

The dependence of vibrational energy transfer on vibrational excitation has been studied using the stimulated emission pumping technique to efficiently prepare a large range of specific vibrational states of the nitric oxide molecule in its ground electronic state. Laser-induced fluorescence was used to detect collisionally relaxed NO. The self-relaxation rate constants of NO(v >> 1) were up to two hundred times larger than that of NO(v equals 1). Multiquantum relaxation was found to be important at high energy and was quantified at 3.8 eV. Theoretical explanations of our experimental results were attempted and it is shown that at vibrational energy up to approximately 3 eV the qualitative trends observed in these experiments such as: the mass effect and the linear dependence of the relaxation constant on v can be explained by Schwartz-Slawsky-Herzfeld theory. A simple explanation of the anomalously high NO self-relaxation rate is given. The large acceleration of the vibrational relaxation rate above 3.0 eV is coincident with the energetic onset of high energy (NO) 2 isomer-complexes. More theoretical and experimental work is needed to explain the quantitative aspects of these observations.
The United States and European defence co‐operation

(1985). The United States and European defence co‐operation. Survival: Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 158-168.
Porcine dermal lesions produced by 1540 nm laser radiation pulses

Completion of recent studies within our group indicates a breed-based difference in dermal response to 1540 nm 0.8 millisecond laser pulses. Laser exposure to Yucatan Mini- Pigs (highly pigmented skin) and Yorkshire pigs (lightly pigmented skin) demonstrate statistical differences between the ED50's of the two breeds. Laser delivery is accomplished using an Er:Glass system producing 1540 nm of light at millisecond exposure times and in the range of 5 to 95 J/cm2. Dermal lesion development was evaluated for acute, 1 hour, and 24-hour post exposure presentation. Our data contradicts the theory that water absorption is the sole mechanism of dermal tissue damage observed from 1540 nm laser exposures, as skin chromophores appear to play a role in lesion development.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The action of cycloheximide on the action potential and protein synthesis in medullated Xenopus axons.

Cycloheximide depresses maximum rate of change in membrane potential observed during the rising phase of the action potential in single medullated axons ofXenopus. Time course of depression is independent of cycloheximide concentration over a range that almost completely inhibits leucine incorporation into axonal proteins.
A modified TC-MAC protocol for multi-hop cluster communications in VANETs

The transmission of safety/update message aims to inform the nearby vehicles about the senders current status and/or a detected dangerous situation. This type of transmission is designed to help in accident and danger avoidance. Moreover, it requires high message generated rate and high reliability. On the other hand, the transmission of non-safety message aims to increase the comfort on vehicles by supporting several non-safety services, from notifications of traffic conditions to file sharing. Unfortunately, the transmission of non-safety message has less priority than safety messages, which may cause shutting down the comfort services. The goal of this paper is to design a MAC protocol in order to provide the ability of the transmission of non-safety message with little impact on the reliability of transmitting safety message even if the traffic and communication densities are high in a multi-hop cluster. Our protocol is based on modifying TC-MAC which uses TDMA technique for slot reservation based on clustering of vehicles.
Phosphocitrate blocks nitric oxide-induced calcification of cartilage and chondrocyte-derived apoptotic bodies

Abstract Objective To examine whether phosphocitrate (PC) will block nitric oxide-induced calcification of cartilage or chondrocyte-derived apoptotic bodies. Design Articular cartilage vesicles (ACV) or apoptotic bodies (AB) were isolated from untreated or 1mM sodium nitroprusside (SNP) treated porcine cartilage slices. Mineralization of ACV, AB, control untreated and SNP-treated cartilage were done in the presence or absence of PC (1mM)±ATP (1mM). Results PC [1mM] blocked both the ATP-dependent and -independent mineralization in ACV and AB, untreated and SNP treated cartilage. Moreover, PC had no effect on NTPPPH activity in either ACV or AB fraction in the presence or absence of ATP suggesting that PC did not block the mineralization through the inhibition of NTPPPH activity. Conclusions PC inhibits nitric oxide-induced calcification of cartilage and cartilage-derived apoptotic bodies.
Design Features of a High-Current Pulsed Electron Accelerator

The design features of an induction electron accelerator which is under construction at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory at Livermore, California, are described. The basic parameters are beam energy 4 Mev, beam current 200 amperes, pulse length 0.25 ?sec, repetition rate 60 per second. The design beam quality is to be <10-2 radian-cm and the energy spread is to be ±0.5% during the useful part of the pulse. The accelerator consists of a gun whose output is 720 kev, followed by six modular units of 570-kev output each. Several unique components have been developed for use on this machine; among them are a 10-inch-diameter cathode and an accelerating column made of metal-ceramic seals 14 inches in diameter for use on the gun. This accelerator is being constructed for use in experiments on the "Astron" concept for heating and containing hot plasma.
Perceptions of Health Promotion and Cancer Prevention Among Adults in Working-Class Occupations and Neighborhoods

A social-contextual approach to cancer prevention among participants associated with the working class may result in behavior-change messages that are more relevant to them and contribute to a reduction in health disparities among classes. This article reports findings from a qualitative study of adults in working-class occupations and/or living in predominantly working-class neighborhoods that was designed to explore the circumstances influencing perceptions of health promotion, disease prevention, and cancer-risk reduction. Participants made only a weak connection between cancer prevention and general health-promotion behaviors. Results suggest that the complexity of communicating cancer-prevention messages with this audience may be compounded by their unfamiliarity with cancer prevention and their lack of recognition that certain behaviors may reduce cancer risk. Therefore, developing messages that consider the social context of participants' lives and link cancer prevention with health promotion, while maintaining cancer prevention as a distinct subcategory, may prove to be an effective education strategy.
The Power of a Laboratory—Are We Taking Full Ownership as Hospitalists?

“Power, at the most rudimentary personal level, originates in dependence, and the power of [physicians, the professions] primarily originates in dependence upon their knowledge and competence.”1 With a coffee in 1 hand and a list of 20 patients in the other, the power that Paul Starr idealized in his 1984 Pulitzer Prize winner, The Social Transformation of American Medicine , doesn’t seem so relevant. So a long Saturday call endures, with the sole vision of power coming from that cup of coffee. Monday morning is greeted by an urgent call from the microbiology laboratory stating that a blood culture turned positive earlier in the weekend. The laboratory originally notified the on-call fax machine located in the emergency department’s administrative office. This same notification went to the primary care’s nurse answering service but failed to reach a physician directly. As the electronic medical record is quickly sifted, slides 1 through 15 of the next Morbidity and Mortality Conference are already solidified. A 33-day-old febrile neonate was discharged from the hospital late Friday night after the respiratory viral panel resulted as adenovirus positive. After discharge, the blood culture turned positive at 26 hours. Thankfully, relief comes in the form of contamination: Staphylococcus epidermidis . Back to that cup of coffee. That momentary scare followed by ease could have easily been the life …
MIMO two-way relay channel: Diversity-multiplexing tradeoff analysis

A multi-hop two-way relay channel is considered in which all the terminals are equipped with multiple antennas. Assuming independent quasi-static Rayleigh fading channels and channel state information available at the receivers, we characterize the optimal diversity-multiplexing gain tradeoff (DMT) curve for a full-duplex relay terminal. It is shown that the optimal DMT can be achieved by a compress-and-forward type relaying strategy in which the relay quantizes its received signal and transmits the corresponding channel codeword. It is noteworthy that, with this transmission protocol, the two transmissions in opposite directions can achieve their respective single user optimal DMT performances simultaneously, despite the interference they cause to each other. Motivated by the optimality of this scheme in the case of the two-way relay channel, a novel dynamic compress-and-forward (DCF) protocol is proposed for the one-way multi-hop MIMO relay channel for a half-duplex relay terminal, and this scheme is shown to achieve the optimal DMT performance.
Direct Measurement of Fusion Enthalpy of LaAlO3 and Comparison of Energetics of Melt, Glass, and Amorphous Thin Films

Enthalpy of fusion and melting temperature of perovskite LaAlO3 were measured using thermal analysis method as 124 ± 10 kJ/mol at 2134 ± 10°C, providing a value of 52 ± 4 J·(mol·K)−1 for entropy of fusion. Crystallization enthalpy of amorphous LaAlO3 thin films was found to change from −24 to −17 kJ/mol with decrease in film thickness from 100 to 20 nm. Differences in energetics of amorphous LaAlO3 films and glass cannot be explained exclusively by surface energy contribution but must reflect differences in structure between films and glasses in this system.
Analysis of clock-regulated genes in Neurospora reveals widespread posttranscriptional control of metabolic potential.

Neurospora crassa has been for decades a principal model for filamentous fungal genetics and physiology as well as for understanding the mechanism of circadian clocks. Eukaryotic fungal and animal clocks comprise transcription-translation–based feedback loops that control rhythmic transcription of a substantial fraction of these transcriptomes, yielding the changes in protein abundance that mediate circadian regulation of physiology and metabolism: Understanding circadian control of gene expression is key to understanding eukaryotic, including fungal, physiology. Indeed, the isolation of clock-controlled genes (ccgs) was pioneered in Neurospora where circadian output begins with binding of the core circadian transcription factor WCC to a subset of ccg promoters, including those of many transcription factors. High temporal resolution (2-h) sampling over 48 h using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) identified circadianly expressed genes in Neurospora, revealing that from ∼10% to as much 40% of the transcriptome can be expressed under circadian control. Functional classifications of these genes revealed strong enrichment in pathways involving metabolism, protein synthesis, and stress responses; in broad terms, daytime metabolic potential favors catabolism, energy production, and precursor assembly, whereas night activities favor biosynthesis of cellular components and growth. Discriminative regular expression motif elicitation (DREME) identified key promoter motifs highly correlated with the temporal regulation of ccgs. Correlations between ccg abundance from RNA-Seq, the degree of ccg-promoter activation as reported by ccg-promoter–luciferase fusions, and binding of WCC as measured by ChIP-Seq, are not strong. Therefore, although circadian activation is critical to ccg rhythmicity, posttranscriptional regulation plays a major role in determining rhythmicity at the mRNA level.
Functional characterization of a glutamate/aspartate transporter from the mosquito Aedes aegypti

Glutamate elicits a variety of effects in insects, including inhibitory and excitatory signals at both neuromuscular junctions and brain. Insect glutamatergic neurotransmission has been studied in great depth especially from the standpoint of the receptor-mediated effects, but the molecular mechanisms involved in the termination of the numerous glutamatergic signals have only recently begun to receive attention. In vertebrates, glutamatergic signals are terminated by Na^+/K^+-dependent high-affinity excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT), which have been cloned and characterized extensively. Cloning and characterization of a few insect homologues have followed, but functional information for these homologues is still limited. Here we report a study conducted on a cloned mosquito EAAT homologue isolated from the vector of the dengue virus, Aedes aegypti. The deduced amino acid sequence of the protein, AeaEAAT, exhibits 40–50% identity with mammalian EAATs, and 45–50% identity to other insect EAATs characterized thus far. It transports l-glutamate as well as l- and d-aspartate with high affinity in the micromolar range, and demonstrates a substrate-elicited anion conductance when heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, as found with mammalian homologues. Analysis of the spatial distribution of the protein demonstrates high expression levels in the adult thorax, which is mostly observed in the thoracic ganglia. Together, the work presented here provides a thorough examination of the role played by glutamate transport in Ae. aegypti.
Results of an intensive school-based weight loss program with overweight Mexican American children.

Childhood overweight has increased significantly in the past 20 years, with the highest rates noted among Mexican Americans. Schools are an optimal setting for intervention efforts; however, few pr...
Potential Impacts of Stormwater Runoff on Water Quality in Urban Sand Pits and Adjacent Groundwater1

Whittemore, Donald O., 2012. Potential Impacts of Stormwater Runoff on Water Quality in Urban Sand Pits and Adjacent Groundwater. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(3): 584-602. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00637.x Abstract: Entrance of stormwater runoff into water-filled pits and adjacent aquifers is a contamination concern. The water and sediment quality in several sand pits and surrounding groundwater in Wichita, Kansas, were studied to comprehensively address stormwater runoff impact. The pits are used for residential development after sand and gravel mining. Water samples were analyzed for inorganic constituents, bacteria, and 252 organic compounds, and pit sediments for inorganic components and 32 organic chemicals. Although many pesticide and degradate compounds were found in the pit and well waters, none of these chemicals exceeded existing health levels. Other organic contaminants were detected in the waters, with those exceeding health levels at one site attributed to an undiscovered groundwater contamination plume and not to stormwater runoff. Persistent insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls detected in sediment of two pits are related to the age of residential development. The concentration distributions of pesticides and other organics at most of the sites, as well as iron, manganese, and ammonia patterns in downgradient well waters relative to upgradient well and pit waters, indicate that groundwater quality at the sites is affected by contaminants entering the pit surface waters. Thus, although current stormwater runoff does not appear to have contaminated sand-pit water and adjacent groundwater above health levels, the data show that the potential exists if stormwater became polluted.
Permeation, selectivity and gating in store-operated CRAC channels.

Store-operated Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels are a widespread mechanism for generating cellular Ca2+ signals and regulate many Ca2+-dependent functions, including transcription, motility and proliferation. The opening of CRAC channels in response to depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores involves a cascade of cellular events that culminate in direct interactions between STIM1, the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensor, and the channels composed of Orai proteins. Evidence gathered over the last two decades indicates that CRAC channels display a unique functional pore fingerprint characterized by exquisite Ca2+ selectivity, low unitary conductance, and low permeability to large cations. Here, we review the key pore properties of CRAC channels and discuss recent progress in addressing the molecular foundations of these properties. Structure–function and cysteine-scanning studies have revealed the identity and organization of pore-lining residues, including those that form the selectivity filter, providing a structural framework for understanding CRAC channel pore properties. Recent studies in pore mutants that produce STIM1-independent constitutive channel activation indicate that exquisite Ca2+ selectivity in CRAC channels is not hardwired into Orai proteins, but is instead manifested only following the binding of STIM1 to the intrinsically poorly Ca2+-selective Orai channels. These findings reveal new functional aspects of CRAC channels and suggest that the selectivity filter of the CRAC channel is a dynamic structure whose conformation and functional properties are powerfully regulated by the channel activation stimulus.
Robust and resilient state-dependent control of continuous-time nonlinear systems with general performance criteria

A novel state-dependent control approach for continuous-time nonlinear systems with general performance criteria is presented in this paper. This controller is optimally robust for model uncertainties and resilient against control feedback gain perturbations in achieving general performance criteria to secure quadratic optimality with inherent asymptotic stability property together with quadratic dissipative type of disturbance reduction. For the system model, unstructured uncertainty description is assumed, which incorporates commonly used types of uncertainties, such as norm-bounded and positive real uncertainties as special cases. By solving a state-dependent linear matrix inequality at each time, sufficient condition for the control solution can be found which satisfies the general performance criteria. The results of this paper unify existing results on nonlinear quadratic regulator, H∞ and positive real control. The efficacy of the proposed technique is demonstrated by numerical simulations of the n...
Immune complex vasculitis with secondary ulcerative dermatitis in aged C57BL/6NNia mice.

A spontaneous, severely pruritic ulcerative dermatitis was initially observed in 33/201 (16.4%) aged C57BL/6NNia mice obtained from the National Institute of Aging. This ulcerative dermatis also developed in 21/98 (21%) aged C57BL/6 mice in a subsequent experimental group obtained from the same source. The average age of onset in the initial group was 20 months. These animals were negative for ectoparasite infestation and primary bacterial or fungal infection. The lesions varied from acute epidermal excoriation and ulceration to chronic ulceration with marked dermal fibrosis. In the affected animals, leukocytoclastic vasculitis was present in the dermis in both areas of ulceration and areas covered by normal intact epidermis. Immunofluorescent staining of the skin was positive for deposition of IgG, IgM, and fibrinogen in the dermal vessels of the affected mice. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis was not observed in unaffected animals, nor were deposits of immunoglobulin or fibrinogen present in the skin of the ...
The growth of artistic nationalism in Senegal

ABSTRACT. In the 1960s, Senegal's first national leaders narrowly defined how artists should practise nationalism through their work, particularly in the weaving craft, and enforced this definition through selective state patronage. This ideological and stylistic control echoed state control over economic markets. As subsequent administrations have restructured the economy, leading to a powerful informal business sector, so have independent contemporary weavers redefined artistic nationalism. Using ethnographic and archival interviews, this article examines nationalism in Senegalese weaving, placing the perspectives of contemporary weavers alongside those of two arts administrators who helped to develop state-sponsored programmes in the 1960s and 1970s. I argue that contemporary weavers find inspiration from Senegalese nationalism of the mid-twentieth century, yet have modified it to encompass individual expression. Because definitions of artistic nationalism in Senegal have shifted, it remains a significant ideology within the national arts scene.
HISTORY AND ITS ENDS IN CHARTIST EPIC

In the mid- 1800s, two significant and widely read Chartist poems appeared, both written in prison by Chartist organizers, and both using the epic form to interrogate the present, body forth a Utopian future, and rewrite a history conceived both as broadly human and specifically national. These long poems, Thomas Cooper's Purgatory of Suicides (1845) and Ernest Jones's The New World, first published in 1851 and then republished after 1857 as the Revolt ofHindostan, have much to tell us about how radicals envisioned the history of Britain, its relationship with empire, and the fulfillment of the ends of history. Cooper's poem proceeds in ten books, written in Spenserian stanzas, in which he dreams of visiting a purgatory of suicides: mythical and historical personages who have committed suicide debate the reasons for their condition and the condition of the world.1 Jones's poem was written in couplets, supposedly on the torn pages of a prayer book, in his own blood. The poem surveys the rise and fall of multiple empires, and also surveys recent political history closer to home. The two poems look to the past and the future, to universal history and its end. They thus participate in Utopian political discourse, with its emphasis on the end of history, as well as the epic tradition. Both Utopian and epic discourse in this period were affiliated with specifically national narratives, and the internationalist and universal elements of the poems sometimes inhabit these genres uneasily. Additionally, both poets attend to the religious tradition of eschatological discourse that underlies the secular notion of the end of history, and work to reconcile it with the political vision they are promoting. These writers use unique combinations of spatial and temporal frames to achieve the reconciliation of their diverse goals with the genres and discourses that they claim and transform. The writings of Chartists have received a good deal of attention lately, both by historians and literary scholars, who are grateful to Ian Hay wood and Peter Scheckner for making several Chartist literary works available in print again. However, despite Eileen Yeo's compelling Past and Present article in 1981, which demonstrated that the Chartist movement was intimately intertwined with various religious debates and institutions, little has been done with religious thought in the movement beyond her important work, Miles Taylor's discussion of Ernest Jones's religious beliefs in his biography of Jones, and, very recently, Roy Vickery's work on the notions of Christian social justice, election and communion in writings by Ernest Jones.2 One notable exception, Eileen Groth Lyon's superb book-length study, Politicians in the Pulpit, surveys religious thought throughout the movement and the development of a specifically Christian political economy. However, none of these excellent studies examine
Effects of secular variation in seawater Mg/Ca ratio (calcite–aragonite seas) on CaCO3 sediment production by the calcareous algae Halimeda, Penicillus and Udotea– evidence from recent experiments and the geological record

Independent lines of geological evidence suggest that fluctuations in the Mg ⁄ Ca ratio of seawater between 1.0 and 5.2 have caused the oceans to alternate between favouring the precipitation of the aragonite and high-Mg calcite polymorphs of calcium carbonate (mMg ⁄ Ca > 2; aragonite seas) and the low-Mg calcite polymorph (mMg ⁄ Ca < 2; calcite seas) throughout Phanerozoic time. The rise of aragonite-secreting bryopsidalean algae as major producers of carbonate sediments in middle Palaeogene time, a role that they maintained through to the present, has been attributed to a transition from calcite-to-aragonite seas in early Cenozoic time. Recent experiments on the modern, carbonate-sediment-producing bryopsidales Halimeda, Penicillus and Udotea reveal that their rates of calcification, linear extension and primary production decline when reared in experimental calcite seawaters (mMg ⁄ Ca < 2). These normally aragonitesecreting algae also began producing at least one-quarter of their CaCO3 as calcite under calcite sea conditions, indicating that their biomineralogical control can be partially overridden by ambient seawater chemistry. The observation that primary production and linear extension declined along with calcification in the mineralogically unfavourable seawater suggests that photosynthesis within these algae is enhanced by calcification via liberation of CO2 and ⁄ or H + . Thus, the reduced fitness of these algae associated with their low rates of calcification in calcite seas may have been exacerbated by concomitant reductions in tissue mass and algal height.
A parallel fractal image compression algorithm for hypercube multiprocessors

Data compression has become an important issue in relation to storage and transmission. This issue is especially true for databases consisting of a large number of detailed computer images. Many methods have been proposed in recent years for achieving high compression ratios for compressed image storage. A very promising compression technique, in terms of compression ratios, is fractal image compression. Fractal image compression exploits natural affine redundancy present in typical images to achieve a high compression ratio in a lossy compression format. Fractal based compression algorithms, however, have high computational demands. To obtain faster compression, a sequential fractal image compression algorithm may be translated into a parallel algorithm. This translation takes advantage of the inherently parallel nature, from a data domain viewpoint, of the fractal transform process. >
Reflections on Trends in Cross-Cultural Research

This review examines trends in cross-cultural research during the 1969-1979 period relative to the 1949-1969 period. Shifts in theoretical as well as methodological emphases are detected, and possible reasons for these changes are explained. Special attention is given to work on cognition, perception, aesthetics, attitudes, and to extrapolations to the next ten years of research.
Evaluation of Thiamethoxam and Imidacloprid as Seed Treatments to Control European Corn Borer and Indianmeal Moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Larvae

Efficacy of thiamethoxam (Cruiser) and imidacloprid (Gaucho) were evaluated as seed treatments for controlling European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) and Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) larvae in stored grain. At ≈22–26°C, all fifth instar European corn borers died after two or 4 d of exposure to corn treated with 250 and 500 ppm thiamethoxam, respectively, while mortality of larvae exposed for two and 4 d on corn treated with 6.3–937.5 ppm imidacloprid did not exceed 48% at any concentration. At 29°C, all nondiapausing fifth instars were killed after 3, 4, and 6-d exposure to 400, 300 and 200-ppm thiamethoxam, respectively, while survival increased at successively lower concentrations of 100, 50, 25, and 12.5 ppm. At 29°C, the LC50 decreased from 85.9 to 7.2 ppm as the duration of exposure on treated corn increased from 2 to 6 d. All second and third instar Indianmeal moth larvae died after a 5 d exposure period to corn grain treated with thiamethoxam at 50 ppm or higher, but as the larvae aged, higher concentrations and longer exposure periods were required to give 100% mortality of each larval instar. Similar results were obtained when larval Indianmeal moths were exposed on corn treated with imidacloprid, or on sorghum treated with thiamethoxam. Mature wandering phase fifth instars were the most tolerant larval stage of the Indianmeal moth.
Automatic event detection and location capabilities of large aperture seismic arrays

abstract The detection and location capabilities of large aperture seismic arrays (LASA in Montana and NORSAR in Norway) were determined on the basis of the Detection Logs, Summary Bulletins and NOAA-ERL Preliminary Determination of Epicenters . Estimates of signal and false alarm distributions indicated that LASA can detect on the average 120 seismic signals a day and NORSAR about 35. The probability of detection of an event was estimated for LASA and NORSAR as a function of distance and magnitude. A method of obtaining theoretical estimates of the location capability of an array as a function of beam resolution, phase type, and slowness, dT/dΔ , is described. Theoretical estimates of the array9s location capability compared to observed estimates imply that the arrays are operating close to their expected limits.
The Life Stories of Homeless Youths

The article discusses the life stories of various current and former homeless youths in the U.S. such as Brandon Stokes, and it mentions statistics regarding homeless children in places such as Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The City of Philadelphia Mural Arts Program's journey2home public art project dealing with youth housing insecurity is examined, along with the A Place to Call Home youth housing project and the efforts to help young people such as Stokes improve their lives.
Brillouin-Mandelstam Light Scattering Spectroscopy of the Nanoscale Phononic Superlattice Arrays

We used the Brillouin-Mandelstam light scattering spectroscopy to demonstrate modification of the phonon dispersion in 2D alumina superlattices with nanometer sizes. Non-linearity of phonon dispersion in the phononic superlattices creates new possibilities for controlling the optical and thermal properties of such structures.
Smiles, Babies, and Status Symbols: The Persuasive Effects of Image Choices in Small-Entrepreneur Crowdfunding Requests

This article examines the persuasive effects of images in the context of online peer-to-peer microfinance. The theoretical framework—based in self-presentation and impression management—relates micro-entrepreneurs’ loan-request image choices to lending decisions and lenders’ perceptions of the borrower’s trustworthiness and need. We explore effects of three specific visuals: (1) genuine enjoyment (Duchenne) smiles; (2) material status symbols; and (3) babies, children, and husbands. Using loan-request image data from 323 women micro-entrepreneurs on the Kiva.org website, results suggest smiling behavior is not associated with funding speed. However, loan-request images that include a baby are associated with significantly quicker funding, and those that include a man or an indication of relative material well-being are associated with delays in the average funding speed.
Tunable Wetting of Surfaces with Ionic Functionalities

Surface charges can dramatically improve the wettability of solid surfaces by water and aqueous solutions. This effect is common in nature, as in ion channel proteins, and can be used to facilitate fluid transport in microfluidic applications. While it is often possible to make reliable predictions of contact angle reduction due to a uniform electrode charge, we address the effect of discrete charge distribution on a surface carrying a pattern of ionic functionalities. We perform atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the wetting regimes at the nanoscale on molecular-brush-coated graphane surfaces. We tune hydrophilicity by covering the surface with a mixture of covalently bonded butyl and potassium butyrate (or propylammonium chloride) chains at different densities of ionizing groups. We use thermodynamic integration to determine the relation between wetting free energy and the amount of discrete charges on the substrate. We show that nanopores with oppositely charged walls in neat water...
A Pre-/Postcourse Analysis of Distance Education Students’ Attitudes Toward and Perceptions of Diversity and Multicultural Issues

ABSTRACTAreas that have gained in popularity in hospitality management programs across the country are diversity issues and online education. The purpose of this study was to measure change in attitudes toward and perceptions of diversity issues among hospitality students enrolled in an online diversity issues course. A sample of 79 students was obtained using an electronic pre-/postcourse survey methodology. Results suggest that online education may have had an impact on student attitudes and perceptions in the construct areas of (a) laws, legal, and ethical issues; (b) conceptual knowledge; and (c) procedural and conditional knowledge. Constructs that did not have a statistically significant difference were (a) checking personal perceptions and (b) awareness of diversity constructs.
Assessment of Soil and Water Contamination at the Tab-Simco Coal Mine: A Case Study

In 1996, the Tab-Simco site, an abandoned coal mine 10 km southeast of Carbondale, Illinois, was listed as one of the most highly contaminated AMD sites in the mid-continent region. A suite of impacted soil and water samples were collected from various locations to characterize the current extent of AMD pollution, following standard U.S. EPA protocols. The mean pH of soil and water samples were found to be 2.69 and 2.07, respectively. The mean sulfur content of the soil samples was 0.5 %. The AMD-impacted soils contained high concentrations of Fe, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cu, Pb, and As. The AMD also contained high concentrations of Fe, As, Zn, Pb, Cr, Al, Cd, Cu, and Ni, as well as $${\text{SO}}_{4}^{2 - }$$ , all of which were significantly above their U.S. EPA permissible limits for surface water.
Comparison of Computerized Tomography and Excretory Urography in Detection and Evaluation of Renal Masses

AbstractThe ability of excretory urography and computerized tomography to detect renal masses was compared in 120 consecutive cases. Computerized tomography consistently provided more information than excretory urography, usually was able to distinguish renal tumors from cysts and provided additional useful information regarding staging of renal neoplasms and the presence of unsuspected associated pathological conditions.
Medical treatment for female pelvic floor dysfunction and prospective role of urologists

With declining birthrate and graying of population, the significance of female pelvic floor dysfunction (FPFD) and importance of its medical treatment are being emphasized in developed nations. In our country, more and more urological departments have started working on FPFD in the past several years. Compared to the past times when only gynecologists treated pelvic organ prolapse, now pelvic support problems and its inherent lower urinary tract dysfunction are treated simultaneously in a better way by urologists' participation. The urological approach has added compound eyes to pelvic relaxation disorders. Further effort is expected to help develop novel technology in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. Although it is certain that female pelvic floor medicine is beneficial to our society, its possibility and limitation remain to be studied.
P159 Adapting the haddon matrix to incorporate one health for occupational health in animal agriculture

The concept of One Health is widely used to address emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. This concept focuses on the inextricable link between human, animal, and environmental health, and the interdisciplinary networks needed to address this interaction. Including and beyond infectious diseases of animal origin the One Health concept is well suited for developing models in occupational epidemiology where the worker’s environment is linked to animals. Animal agriculture is one of the most hazardous industries where workers face risks of traumatic injury, respiratory hazards, and infectious diseases. Systems for raising animals for food have changed globally, which has fundamentally altered the interaction between workers and animals. The complex social, economic, and technical influences on agriculture requires a systematic and multidisciplinary approach toward evaluating worker health. We present an extension of the Haddon Matrix, to incorporate One Health aspects related to occupational health. The Haddon Matrix, developed for injury prevention and control, incorporates the agent, host, environment paradigm to include axes of pre-event, event, and post-event factors that are related to the person, the agent, the physical and the social environment. We extend this matrix to include a One Health component. For example, the most common cause of injury in dairy and swine production are interactions with animals, however these injuries do not all have the same aetiology and/or causal pathway. In these scenarios, the agent or vector of injury can be the animal, the environment, e.g. structure, or the worker. Social environment may include workplace safety culture, origin, social status and experience of the worker, economic determinants of animal production, and animal welfare concerns. When evaluating the causes and control of injury and other occupational hazards in animal agriculture, including zoonotic diseases, evaluating the complexity of the link between human, animal, and environmental is critical.
Introduction: History Wars in Postwar East Asia, 1945–2014

Since the end of World War II the Chinese, Japanese and Koreans have embraced different narratives about the war, its origins and its consequences. But it was not until the 1980s that “history wars” over those differing narratives became a central diplomatic issue that has led to the erosion of trust. Not only had the generation with direct memories of the war begun to fade away but neo-nationalist tendencies in all three countries emerged as their economies flourished and competed with one another. The political consequence was an intensification of mutual recrimination over distorted narratives and historical “revisionism.” While some gestures toward reconciliation have been made, unless there is a deep political will to sustain them, the “history wars” are likely to continue in the foreseeable future.
Dealing with Loss in plasmonics and metamaterials

Loss in the metal is the main factor restricting practicality of plasmonic and metamaterial devices. In this tutorial the inevitability of the loss, its physical origins and the means to mitigate it will be considered