cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Concentrated Loads Applied to Shallow Shells

Solutions are developed for concentrated forces and moments applied to the apex of nonaxisymmetric shallow shells. The influence of a shell’s geometry and its edge support condition, on stresses and displacements, is shown through numerical examples involving each of the concentrated loadings. For a given concentrated loading, the behavior of shallow shells is similar to that of a flat plate, in the immediate neighborhood of the applied loading. However, the influence of both the shell’s geometry and its edge support condition is felt significantly in a region sufficiently far removed from the point of load application. Shells having negative Gaussian curvature are shown to be particularly sensitive to tangential displacement restraints, and to lose most of their membrane load carrying capacity if tangential restraint is lacking.
Seminars in medicine of the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston. Mitochondrial DNA and disease.

The mitochondrial encephalomyopathies are a diverse group of disorders that result from the structural, biochemical, or genetic derangement of mitochondria.1 Since mitochondrial dysfunction can affect virtually all organ systems (Figure 1), physicians in many specialties see patients with mitochondrial diseases. Despite a bewildering array of clinical manifestations (Table 1 and Table 2) and variations in the mode of onset, course, and progression of disease, many mitochondrial disorders share prominent systemic effects (Table 2) that contribute to their morbidity. Our understanding of the role of mitochondrial DNA in certain diseases has evolved rapidly since 1988, when the first mutations in mitochondrial DNA were . . .
Analysis of the current situation of the tubereulosis control and treatment institution and staff in henan

Objective To analyze the situation of TB control and treatment institution and staff in Henan,provide evidence for strengthening construction of institution and team.Method The basic situation,age education background,working year were analysed by SPSS in the light of the data of TB control and treatment institution and staff in TB special report system In 2012.Results the percent of male in all TB control and treatment staff is 47.37,the percent of female in all TB control and treatment staff is 52.63,the percent of staff whose age are over 50 is 16.09,the percent of staff whose age are between 30 and 40 is 33.28,the percent of staff whose education background are junior college is39.57,the percent of staff whose education background are master is 1.46,the percent of staff whose working year are between 10 and 19 is 45,the percent of staff whose working year are over 30 is 4.99.Conclusion the percent of gender,age,working year of staff in TB control and treatment institution in Henan is resonable,the percent of high education background of staff is low,TB control and treatment institution should strengthen team construction.
Crystal Structure of the FERM-SH2 Module of Human Jak2.

Jak-family tyrosine kinases mediate signaling from diverse cytokine receptors. Binding of Jaks to their cognate receptors is mediated by their N-terminal region, which contains FERM and SH2 domains. Here we describe the crystal structure of the FERM-SH2 region of Jak2 at 3.0A resolution. The structure reveals that these domains and their flanking linker segments interact intimately to form an integrated structural module. The Jak2 FERM-SH2 structure closely resembles that recently described for Tyk2, another member of the Jak family. While the overall architecture and interdomain orientations are preserved between Jak2 and Tyk2, we identify residues in the putative receptor-binding groove that differ between the two and may contribute to the specificity of receptor recognition. Analysis of Jak mutations that are reported to disrupt receptor binding reveals that they lie in the hydrophobic core of the FERM domain, and are thus expected to compromise the structural integrity of the FERM-SH2 unit. Similarly, analysis of mutations in Jak3 that are associated with severe combined immunodeficiency suggests that they compromise Jak3 function by destabilizing the FERM-SH2 structure.
Tracking Acoustic Target in Wireless Sensor Network Using Adaptive Particle Filter

Since acoustic signal is ubiquitous in nature and can be measured easily by node sensors, the moving object equipped with an acoustic generator is usually regarded as the tracked target in surveillance region. And tracking acoustic target is equal to processing the data of acoustic power obtained from each node in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). It is well known that the Particle Filter (PF) is well suited to be used in this kind of target-tracking application. However, the common particle filter cannot keep a high quality performance in tracking moving target, especially high maneuvering target, in practice. The main factor contributing to this situation is that it is hard to choose a suitable state model for the unpredictable moving trajectory. So we present an Adaptive Particle Filter (APF) algorithm in this paper. This algorithm employs a Based on Applied Force (BAF) model to capture the complicated trajectory, and it can adaptively adjust the sampling period and model parameters by analyzing the relationships between particles and measurements. According to our computer simulation by MATLAB, the algorithm can obviously improve the track accuracy, even as the target trajectory is highly maneuverable. The results can prove that adaptive particle filter algorithm is effective and practical.
Pricing and Mispricing of Accounting Fundamentals in the Time‐Series and in the Cross Section

This study examines the extent to which parsimonious and general cross-sectional valuation models, restricted to include only publicly available historical accounting information, explain share prices in the cross section, identify periods when market mispricing may be more pervasive, and also identify which shares within those cross sections are more likely to be mispriced. Our model simply includes historical book value, earnings, dividends, and growth, but it explains on average over 60 percent of the cross-sectional variation in share prices in annual estimations across 1975–2011. We also examine the extent to which the residuals indicate mispricing. The quintile of stocks picked by our model as most likely underpriced outperform the quintile of stocks picked as most likely overpriced by an average of 9.9 percent over the following 12 months, after controlling for size. We also predict and find that value residuals are better predictors of future abnormal returns: (i) among firms that are not covered by analysts; (ii) among firms that face fewer accounting measurement challenges; and (iii) when we estimate value model parameters by industry/year. We also predict and find our approach works better in periods when the mapping of fundamentals into prices is weaker. This study contributes a novel and straightforward approach to map accounting fundamentals into share prices in order to identify mispricing in time-series and in the cross section.
An APV-Resistant Non-associative Form of Long-Term Potentiation in the Rat Hippocampus

Single pyramidal cells of the CA3 region of the hippocampus receive synaptic inputs from two distinct pathways (commissural and mossy fiber) which both exhibit long term potentiation (LTP), but only the commissural LTP is blocked by an NMDA antagonist. Brief tetanization to neighboring synapses fails to potentiate mossy fiber inputs but does potentiate commissural inputs. Thus CA3 pyramidal cells receive synaptic inputs which express fundamentally different forms of synaptic plasticity.
Plastic Ball Grid Array

Plastic Ball Grid Array (PBGA) packages are modules constructed utilizing standard printed circuit card and board technologies. The typical PBGA substrate is a thin (less than 0.035 inches) laminate similar to card technologies used for personal computers. Although the interconnections between a chip and substrate are typically wire bonds, flip-chip dice can be attached to PBGA packages as well. PBGA technologies also support chip scale packaging (CSP) discussed in Chapters 18 and 23.
Virus-Specific T Cells: Broadening Applicability

Abstract Virus infection remains an appreciable cause of morbidity and mortality after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although pharmacotherapy and/or antibody therapy may help prevent or treat viral disease, these drugs are expensive, toxic, and often ineffective due to primary or secondary resistance. Further, effective treatments are limited for many infections (eg, adenovirus, BK virus), which are increasingly detected after alternative donor transplants. These deficiencies in conventional therapeutics have increased interest in an immunotherapeutic approach to viral disorders, leading to adoptive transfer of virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (VSTs), which can rapidly reconstitute antiviral immunity post-transplantation without causing graft-versus-host disease. This review will explore how the VST field has improved outcomes for many patients with life-threatening viral infections after HSCT, and how to broaden applicability beyond the "patient-specific" products, as well as extending to other viral diseases even outside the context of HSCT.
Fabrication of nanoscale quantum-dot organic light-emitting devices on Si substrate

We report a quantum-dot (QD) organic light-emitting diode (OLED) structure formed on Si substrate scaled down to nanometer dimensions. In our proposed OLED, the junction area is defined by a non-lithographically patterned oxide layer on Si substrate. We utilized gold nanoparticles as oxygen barrier mask during thermal oxidation of Si. Previously, we demonstrated a carrier injection mechanism originating from the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) system available at the SiO 2 /Si interface [4]. The electron injection, as well as the resulting luminescence, is found to occur predominantly at the junction's periphery, not area, resulting in a low turn-on voltage (∼1–2 V). An efficient way to increase total device perimeter is to reduce the size of the device. In this report, we demonstrated a cost-effective non-lithographic method to fabricate nanoscale OLEDs with a dense distribution to increase total device perimeter without requiring extra substrate area.
Metaphor interpretation as selective inferencing

Metaphor pervades natural language discourse. This paper describes a computational approach to the interpretation of metaphors. It is based on a natural language processing system that uses the discourse problems posed by a text to select the relevant inferences. The problem of interpreting metaphors can then be translated into the problem of selecting the relevant inferences to draw from the metaphorical expression. Thus, a metaphor is frequently given a correct interpretation as a by-product of the other things a natural language system has to do. Two examples of metaphors are given -- a spatial metaphor schema from computer science, and a novel metaphor -- and it is shown how the interpretation problem for each can be translated into a selective Inferencing problem and solved by the ordinary operations of the system. This framework sheds light on the analogical processes that underlie metaphor and begins to explain the power of metaphor.
Nietzsche and Gadamer: From strife to understanding, Achilles/Agamemnon to Achilles/Priam

Nietzsche penetrates behind any “rational” discussion to its affective ground, but though he goes deeper than Gadamer's “fusion of horizons,” he nevertheless fails to acknowledge any other affective disposition besides the will to power. Hence for him Gadamer's Sichverstandigung, or reaching an understanding, is fiction. In contrast, Gadamer's Zugehorigkeit, a sense of kinship, and Nachlassen, relenting, suggest not only the possibility of reaching an understanding but its real, affective ground. Two passages from Homer's Iliad illustrate how Nietzsche might penetrate behind Gadamer's intellectualism yet how, at the same time, Gadamer ultimately gets beyond Nietzsche. In Book I, Achilles and Agamemnon can get no further than strife because of their pathos of rage and hostility. Here Nietzsche's will to power explains their altercation entirely. On the other hand, when Achilles is confronted with the devastated Priam in book XXIV, philia and eleos, kinship and mercy, replace his anger; and with the corresponding affective shift in Priam from fear of Achilles to his own feelings of kinship and forgiveness, antipathy becomes sympathy. Only this fusion of affect allows them to reach an understanding.
Wave Interaction Theory and LFC

The complex high Reynolds number flows over modern swept wings can support at least three types of hydrodynamic instability; namely Gortler, Crossflow, and Tollmien-Schlichting instability mechanisms which can all cause transition to turbulence in many flows of practical importance. In the LFC context, it is important for us to know whether the simultaneous presence of these mechanisms can cause the premature onset of transition through their mutual interaction. However, since the mechanisms can only interact in the nonlinear regime, and transition to turbulence quickly follows the onset of nonlinearity, it is clear from the outset that the massive destabilizations of flows attributed to wave interactions cannot be explained by any nonlinear interaction theory. Nevertheless, it is important to understand whether the nonlinear interactions which occur when an instability mechanism has produced a disturbance of finite size can lead to the catastrophic growth of other instabilities which would otherwise have remained small. Given that our present tools for transition prediction are so crude that they have no input from nonlinear theories, the work we discuss here is perhaps most relevant to a situation where the aim is to control a particular type of disturbance once nonlinear effects have been induced.
Nasty, brutish, and shorter?

Abstract Dynastic models are widely used in economics, but the extent of dynastic behavior is unclear. I calculate a simple measure of dynastic success, the probability of dynastic extinction. Extinction probabilities were roughly 50% through the early 20th Century, fell over the next two decades to roughly 14%, and increased to 28% by the 1954 cohort.
Catalytic Dehydration of Lignocellulosic Derived Xylose to Furfural

In this chapter we present different biorefinary strategies for the production of Furfural, a top ten platform chemical for making next generation fine chemicals and liquid fuels. Several research articles have been published demonstrating the production of furfural using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in single and biphasic solvent systems. This article summarizes the finding of the most recent research articles with critical discussion on the factors that control the yield and selectivity of furfural. Among several factors, special emphasis has been given on the improvement of partition coefficient of biphasic solvent systems and the effect of pore size of the heterogeneous catalyst in enhancing furfural yield and selectivity. Catalytic dehydration of xylose and its isomer form has been exemplified with Lewis and Bronsted acidic catalysts in understanding the mechanistic role of the individual acid sites in improving furfural yields and minimizing by-products formation.
Learning from Learning Theory: Implications for Quality Improvement of Turnover, Use of Contingent Workers, and Job Rotation Policies

Competitive advantage is largely generated by the resources and capabilities of a firm's internal strategic assets. It should not be surprising, then, that continuity of employment is a critical ingredient in long-term quality improvement. Many American..
Key Developments in Research and Patents

This chapter provides a snapshot and high-level overview of key results, current research, and industry activity.
Neuraxial morphine after unintentional dural puncture is not associated with reduced postdural puncture headache in obstetric patients

Abstract Study objective To examine the relationship between neuraxial morphine exposure after unintentional dural puncture and the risk for postdural puncture headache in obstetric patients. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Obstetrical unit at a tertiary care referral center. Patients Parturients receiving labor epidural analgesia with recognized unintentional dural puncture. Interventions Cases in which neuraxial morphine was given for any reason were compared to cases in which it was not for the outcome of postdural puncture headache. Measurements Development of postdural puncture headache, headache severity, number of epidural blood patches, hospital length of stay. Main results Of the 80 cases that were included, 38 women received neuraxial morphine and 42 did not. There was no significant difference in the incidence of headache between the two morphine groups (Headache present: Morphine: 27/56 [48.2%], No morphine: 29/56 [51.8%]; Headache free: Morphine: 11/24 [45.8%], No morphine: 13/24 [54.2%], P = 0.84). There was no difference in the need for epidural blood patch (Morphine: 24/42 [57.1%], No morphine: 18/38 [47.4%], P = 0.50) and headache severity (mean headache pain score: Morphine: 7.9 ± 1.8 vs. No morphine: 7.3 ± 2.4, P = 0.58). Hospital length of stay was higher in the morphine group (4.4 ± 2.9 days vs. 3.0 ± 1.5 days respectively, P = 0.008). Using logistic regression, morphine did not affect headache risk after controlling for covariates (morphine vs. no morphine: adjusted OR 1.24 [0.75]; P = 0.72; pre-eclampsia vs. no pre-eclampsia: adjusted OR 0.56 [0.41], P = 0.42; cesarean vs. normal spontaneous vaginal delivery: adjusted OR 0.97 [0.67]; P = 0.96). Conclusion In cases of unintentional dural puncture, exposure to neuraxial morphine for any reason may not be protective against the risk of postdural puncture headache. Although an overall protective effect of neuraxial morphine was not observed in this study, its role in specific subsets of patients remains to be investigated.
A mixed methods study: Midlife African American women's knowledge, beliefs, and barriers to well-woman visit, flu vaccine, and mammogram use.

African American women (AAW) are particularly at risk for deleterious health outcomes that might be mitigated through increased preventive care use. A mixed methods study that examined relationships between knowledge of, beliefs about, and barriers to well-woman visits, flu vaccines, and mammograms was conducted with midlife AAW who participated in an online survey (n = 124) and in-depth interviews (n = 19). Findings showed that greater knowledge of preventive service recommendations and positive patient-provider relationships were associated with greater preventive service use. Flu vaccines were significantly underused. Study implications inform strategies to increase preventive care utilization among AAW and increase capacities to improve health disparities.
Longitudinal characterization of intervertebral disc remodeling following acute annular injury in a rat model of degenerative disc disease

Objective: Characterize 3D remodeling of the rat intervertebral disc (IVD) following acute annular injury via in vivo micro-computed tomography (µCT), ex vivo contrast-enhanced (CE)-µCT, and histology. Design: Female Lewis rats (N = 4/group) underwent either sham surgery or anterior annular puncture to L3-L4 and L5-L6 (n = 8 IVDs/group) to induce IVD degeneration. Rats were allowed ad libidum cage activity before and after surgery and underwent in vivo µCT scanning at baseline and every 2 weeks post-op for 12 weeks to characterize longitudinal changes in IVD height. At 12 weeks, lumbar spines were dissected and underwent CE-µCT scanning to characterize endpoint glycosaminoglycan distribution and nucleus pulposus (NP) volume ratio. Spines were processed for safranin-O-stained sagittal histology, and IVD degeneration was graded via the Rutges scale. Results: Puncture IVDs exhibited loss of IVD height at all time points from 4 weeks onward compared to Sham-the most severe height loss occurred posteriorly, with significant changes also occurring in the NP and laterally. Puncture IVDs exhibited higher CE-µCT attenuation, indicative of lower glycosaminoglycan content, and reduced NP volume ratio compared to Sham. Histologically, Puncture IVDs had higher Rutges damage scores and exhibited reduced NP cellularity and hydration, disorganized annulus fibrosus (AF) lamellae with evidence of the stab tract, and indistinct AF-NP border compared to Sham. Conclusions: Characterization of the complex, 3D alterations involved in the onset and early progression of IVD degeneration can foster greater understanding of the pathoetiology of IVD degeneration and may inform future studies assessing more sensitive diagnostic techniques or novel therapies.
A self-adjusting platinum surface for acetone hydrogenation

We show that platinum displays a self-adjusting surface that is active for the hydrogenation of acetone over a wide range of reaction conditions. Reaction kinetics measurements under steady-state and transient conditions at temperatures near 350 K, electronic structure calculations employing density-functional theory, and microkinetic modeling were employed to study this behavior over supported platinum catalysts. The importance of surface coverage effects was highlighted by evaluating the transient response of isopropanol formation following either removal of the reactant ketone from the feed, or its substitution with a similarly structured species. The extent to which adsorbed intermediates that lead to the formation of isopropanol were removed from the catalytic surface was observed to be higher following ketone substitution in comparison to its removal, indicating that surface species leading to isopropanol become more strongly adsorbed on the surface as the coverage decreases during the desorption experiment. This phenomenon occurs as a result of adsorbate–adsorbate repulsive interactions on the catalyst surface which adjust with respect to the reaction conditions. Reaction kinetics parameters obtained experimentally were in agreement with those predicted by microkinetic modeling when the binding energies, activation energies, and entropies of adsorbed species and transition states were expressed as a function of surface coverage of the most abundant surface intermediate (MASI, C3H6OH*). It is important that these effects of surface coverage be incorporated dynamically in the microkinetic model (e.g., using the Bragg–Williams approximation) to describe the experimental data over a wide range of acetone partial pressures.
Europa's hemispheric color dichotomy as a constraint on non-synchronous rotation

Abstract Europa's surface reflectance exhibits a pronounced hemispheric dichotomy, which is hypothesized to form due to enhanced irradiation of the trailing hemisphere by energetic particles entrained in the jovian magnetosphere. We propose that this pattern can only persist if the timescale for discoloration is much shorter than that of Europa's rotation relative to the synchronous state, and provide a means for constraining the rotation rate using the observed color pattern. By decomposing the longitudinal ultraviolet and visible color variations from Voyager data into sine and cosine terms, we find no detectable signature of non-synchronous rotation (NSR). This same conclusion is reached with two observational models of discoloration: one representing an actively discoloring surface, and the other assuming that the present-day exogenic discoloration on the surface is in steady-state. Magnitudes of the expected signature are presented as functions of the age of the crater Pwyll, which is used to constrain the timescale of discoloration. Furthermore, we develop a physical model of discoloration to validate the geometric models, producing consistent results. The failure to identify a signature of NSR using Europa's hemispheric color dichotomy magnifies the outstanding problem of the origin of the stress to explain Europa's pervasive tectonic features.
Application of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy for the critical patients with severe respiratory diseases in PICU

Objective To explore the role of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope(FFB) in the critical patients with severe respiratory diseases of PICU.Methods One hundred and eighty-nine cases of severe respiratory diseases had undergone FFB from Jul 2010 to Jan 2011.One hundred and fifty-seven (83.06％) cases were less than 3 years.FFB examinations were made through nose (226 times) and endotracheal intubation (25 times).Bronchoscopic lavage for bacterial culture was performed by injecting normal saline solution (NSS) via a syringe into the working channel of FFB.Results Of all 189 cases,bacteria were isolated from 80 cases (42.3％) for bacterial culture of bronchoscopic lavage fluid,which included G-bacilli in 51 cases,G + cocci in 21 cases,and fungi in 8 cases.Six cases with tracheobronchial foreign bodies and 31 cases with respiratory tract anatomical abnormalities were found through FFB.Forty cases of severe pneumonia complicated with respiratory failure underwent bronchoscopic lavage,which were effective in 35 cases,and ineffective in 5 cases.In 20 cases of severe pneumonia atelectasis,pulmonary reexpansion were found in 16 cases by bronchoscopic lavage,atomization inhalation,and systemic administration,4 cases improved.Tracheobronchial foreign bodies were removed in all 6 cases by FFB.During FFB,bradycardia was found in 1 cases.There was no FFBrelated death.Conclusion FFB is safe for severe patients with respiratory diseases in PICU.FFB play important role in diagnosis and treatment for children in PICU,including feasible intervention under bronchoscopy. Key words: Flexible fiberoptic bronchofibroscopy; Pediatric Intensive Care Unit; Respiratory disease; Children
NLO QCD predictions for associated production in hadronic collisions

Abstract We present the next-to-leading-order (NLO) QCD corrections to the inclusive total cross section for the production of a Higgs boson in association with a top anti-top quark pair within the Standard Model at the Tevatron and the LHC.
Perfect reflection by dielectric subwavelength particle arrays: causes, implications, and technology

Periodic arrays of resonant dielectric nano- or microstructures provide perfect reflection across spectral bands whose extent is controllable by design. At resonance, the array yields this result even in a single subwavelength layer fashioned as a membrane or residing on a substrate. The resonance effect, known as guided-mode resonance, is basic to modulated films that are periodic in one dimension (1D) or in two dimensions (2D). It has been known for 40 years that these remarkable effects arise as incident light couples to leaky Bloch-type waveguide modes that propagate laterally while radiating energy. Perfect reflection by periodic lattices derives from the particle assembly and not from constituent particle resonance. We show that perfect reflection is independent of lattice particle shape in the sense that it arises for all particle shapes. The resonance wavelength of the Bloch-mode-mediated zero-order reflectance is primarily controlled by the period for a given lattice. This is because the period has direct, dominant impact on the homogenized effective-medium refractive index of the lattice that controls the effective mode index experienced by the mode generating the resonance. In recent years, the field of metamaterials has blossomed with a flood of attendant publications. A significant fraction of this output is focused on reflectors with claims that local Fabry-Perot or Mie resonance causes perfect reflection with the leaky Bloch-mode viewpoint ignored. In this paper, we advance key points showing the essentiality of lateral leaky Bloch modes while laying bare the shortcomings of the local mode explanations. The state of attendant technology with related applications is summarized. The take-home message is that it is the assembly of particles that delivers all the important effects including perfect reflection.
CD8+ T Cell and NK Responses to a Novel Dengue Epitope: A Possible Role for KIR3DL1 in Dengue Pathogenesis: A Dissertation

Variation in the sequence of T cell epitopes between dengue virus (DENV) serotypes is believed to alter memory T cell responses during second heterologous infections contributing to pathology following DENV infection. We identified a highly conserved, novel, HLA-B57-restricted epitope on the DENV NS1 protein, NS126-34. We predicted higher frequencies of NS126-34-specific CD8 + T cells in PBMC from individuals undergoing secondary, rather than primary, DENV infection due to the expansion of memory CD8 T cells. We generated a tetramer against this epitope (B57-NS126-34 TET) and used it to assess the frequencies and phenotype of antigen-specific T cells in samples from a clinical cohort of children with acute DENV infection established in Bangkok, Thailand. High tetramer-positive T cell frequencies during acute infection were seen in only 1 of 9 subjects with secondary infection. B57-NS126-34-specific, other DENV epitope-specific CD8 T cells, as well as total CD8 T cells, expressed an activated phenotype (CD69 and/or CD38) during acute infection. In contrast, expression of CD71 was largely limited to DENV-specific CD8 T cells. In vitro stimulation of CD8 T cell lines, generated against three different DENV epitopes, indicated that CD71 expression was differentially sensitive to stimulation by homologous and heterologous variant peptides with substantial upregulation of CD71 detected to peptides which also elicited strong functional responses. CD71 may therefore represent a useful marker of antigenspecific T cell activation.
Fenoldopam in critically ill patients with early renal dysfunction. A crossover study.

SUMMARY Background: Acute kidney injury is a frequent problem among many critically ill patients, commonly in the context of multiple organ failure and decreased renal perfusion. Its presence conveys a poor prognosis. Currently, effective therapeutic interventions are limited and dopaminergic agonists have been suggested as an option to prevent further damage. Methods: We performed a randomized, double-blinded, prospective crossover study in 17 patients admitted to our trauma intensive care unit (ICU) with evidence of impaired renal function. Patients were randomized to a 24-h intravenous infusion of low-dose fenoldopam or placebo. When the infusion of fenoldopam or placebo was completed, patients underwent a 24-h “washout” period in which no study intervention was performed. This sequence was repeated in each patient with the opposite agent, so each patient served as his own control. Four-hour creatinine collections were taken during the last 4 h of each infusion and washout periods to determine creatinine clearance changes during and after the administration of the study drug. Results: The creatinine clearance was higher with fenoldopam infusion than with placebo infusion (P= 0.045). The FENa was not significantly different. Conclusions: Our study showed that low-dose Fenoldopam increases creatinine clearance in the critically ill with renal insufficiency. Fenoldopam may be a useful drug in ICU patients with early renal dysfunction.
Performance-Based Personality Measures

Performance-based personality measures are assessment techniques that require the respondent to perform a task and that are designed to uncover or elicit information or insight into the personality in action. These tasks might, for example, involve completing a sentence, telling a story, or characterizing an emotion or verbalizing a statement in response to a depicted situation. Performance tests bring aspects of relevant behavior, associations, perceptions, organizations, emotions, and interpersonal attitudes and styles into the consulting room to be observed (Levy, 1963). The task itself is typically incomplete, contradictory, or ambiguous. With little external structure, direction, or guidance provided, respondents must rely on themselves in formulating a solution, which maximizes the effects of individuals' interpretation, processing, and personality on their performance. Keywords: assessment; performance; personality; projection; tests
The Evolution of Male Parental Investment in Mammals

A variety of approaches have been used to understand the evolution of male parental care. General frameworks are provided by Trivers’ theory of sexual selection (1972), the theory of life history strategies (see Horn, 1978; Stearns, 1976) and game theory (Grafen and Sibly, 1978; Maynard Smith, 1977). The factors invoked to explain male parental investment have varied with the level of analysis; intrinsic biological factors such as internal versus external fertilization (Dawkins and Carlisle, 1976; Ridley, 1978) or the capacity to invest (Orians, 1969) have been used to illuminate differences between large taxonomic units such as the vertebrate classes; ecological factors such as harshness (Wilson, 1975), richness (Jenni, 1974), and unpredictability (Pitelka et al., 1974) have all been invoked to explain the presence of unusual levels of male investment in smaller taxonomic units.
Parent–offspring conflict

Parent–offspring conflict theory, formulated by evolutionary biologist Robert Trivers in 1974, maintains that parents and offspring should disagree over the amount of parental resources invested in the offspring so that offspring should always demand more than parents are willing to invest. This disagreement reflects an underlying genetic conflict of interest: while parents are equally related to all of their offspring and predisposed to invest equally in them, each individual offspring is fully related to itself but only half related to its siblings. Parent–offspring conflict has been documented in both animals and humans and is expressed physiologically during gestation and at the behavioral and psychological level after birth. Keywords: altruism; evolution; inclusive fitness; parents and children; weaning
Modulation of Converting Enzyme Activity by Hypoxia and Its Physiological Effects

To explore the haemodynamic consequences of the reduction in converting enzyme activity by acute alveolar hypoxia we made sequential haemodynamic observations in seven saline-infused and 12 bradykinin-infused anaesthetized, catheterized dogs. They were ventilated initially with room air and then for 50 minutes with hypoxic gas mixtures. Within two minutes after starting hypoxic ventilation, converting enzyme activity decreased, arterial angiotensin II concentrations dropped, and, in the bradykinin-infused dogs, arterial bradykinin concentrations rose. Both groups of dogs experienced a rise in systemic and pulmonary arterial blood pressure in response to hypoxia, but by different mechanisms. In the saline-infused (control) dogs there was increased systemic (+40%) and pulmonary (+90%) vascular resistance while cardiac output was unchanged or slightly reduced. Bradykinin-infused dogs demonstrated reduced systemic vascular resistance (-40%), no increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and a 100% increase in cardiac output. Return to room air breathing restored converting enzyme activity, releasing high concentrations of angiotensin II. Oxygen tension thus regulates converting enzyme activity and hence the circulating levels of angiotensin II and bradykinin.
An Information Technology Architecture for Post-Marketing Surveillance: The Drug Effectiveness Reporting and Monitoring System

Adverse drug events impose a large cost on the society in terms of lives and healthcare costs. In this paper, we propose an information system for monitoring adverse drug events in an outpatient setting that can form a part of the post marketing surveillance program. The proposed system architecture builds on previous studies analyzing the involvement of community pharmacies in identifying and reporting adverse drug events. We define the key requirements of such a monitoring and reporting system, identify the factors that influence the successful implementation and use of the system, and propose information technology solutions that satisfy these requirements.
Migratory Divorce: Chapters III and IV: The Appearance of Sherrer and the Ghost of Haddock

interest of the state of Massachusetts. Had the Supreme Court wished to recognize the importance of the interest of Massachusetts a doctrine with respect to the full faith and credit clause lay close at hand which easily could have been applied in order to reach a contrary result. Where F2 has a special interest and relationship to a controversy, F2 on a ground of public policy may disregard the judicial proceedings of F1 even if F did have personal jurisdiction of the parties. This doctrine has appeared in a few cases, 34 although in its terms the Statute of 1790 would seem to require recognition in F2 of the judicial proceedings of the sister-state regardless of any special interests which F, might have in the subject matter. Whatever force it may still have, the present cases make it quite clear that this limitation of full faith and credit has no application in matters of
Correction to “Enhancing Heralding Efficiency and Biphoton Rate in Type-I Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion”

Presents corrections to the paper,“Enhancing heralding efficiency and biphoton rate in type-I spontaneous parametric down-conversion,” (Guilbert, H.E. and Gauthier, D.J.) Topics Quantum Electron., vol 21, no. 3, art. no. 6400610, May/Jun. 2015.
Exploring Open Distance Learning at a Jordanian University: A Case Study

This case study explores an open distance learning program offered by the Information Technology and Computing (ITC) department at AOUJ, a major university in Jordan. It provides an overview of e-learning in the Arab region and explores factors that affect ODL quality in the Arab Open University in Jordan (AOUJ). The research utilized a qualitative approach, which included five lengthy semi-structured interviews with the program director, two instructors, and three students. Three important conclusions can be drawn from the study about e-learning in the Arab region: (1) the existence of adverse conditions, (2) the presence of strong instructional practices, and (3) the need to improve administrative support.
Analysis of nonuniform excitation and element spacing in sidelobe reduction of wideband U-slot microstrip patch phased array antennas

The sidelobe reduction of a 17-element L-probe-fed U-slot microstrip linear phased array is effected. Results indicate that using nonuniform excitation and inter-element spacing can reduce the sidelobe levels by over −10dB when compared to nonuniform excitation only and by over −7dB when compared with nonuniform inter-element spacing only. This is mainly observed as the array is scanned 60° away from broadside.
Western pine shoot borer (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae) response to site preparation in ponderosa pine plantations

The effects of six site preparation treatments on western pine shoot borer, Eucosma sonomana Kearfott, infestations were compared during the fifth through the eighth growing seasons after planting at three sites in southcentral Oregon. Treatments included a logged-only control, ripping, disking, brush-blading, herbicide spraying, and herbicide spraying followed by disking. Treatments that produced the greatest reduction in competing vegetation resulted in the best pine growth but also in the highest levels of E. sonomana infestation. Trees that were attacked by E. sonomana were significantly taller at the beginning of the growing season than trees that remained uninfested. The effect of E. sonomana infestation on height growth of ponderosa pines, Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Laws., showed a significant interaction with total height of the pine trees at the beginning of the growing season; infested trees grew proportionally less than uninfested trees as total height increased. The results of this study illustrate the importance of incorporating pest management considerations into overall forest management plans.
Finite element approach to the electrostatics of macromolecules with arbitrary geometries

A new treatment of macromolecular electrostatics has been developed using the 3-D finite element method to numerically solve the linear Poisson–Boltzmann equation. The procedure is based upon a model where the macromolecule is represented at an atomic level of detail, while the solvent is treated in a continuum approximation. The finite element method has two major advantages over previous methods based upon the finite difference approach. First, charges are located on atomic centers rather than being distributed onto grid points. Second, an isoparameter model allows the use of noncubic grids, providing a more accurate description of molecular shape. The principal disadvantage of the finite element method has been its computational complexity, which arises from the use of large matrices. To overcome this difficulty, a new matrix representation has been formulated and an iterative solution procedure has been adopted. The combination of these two techniques drastically reduces the size of the system matrix and increases the overall computational efficiency of the algorithm, making the new treatment computationally competitive with the finite difference approach. Because of the mathematical rigor and physical sophistication of the finite element algorithm, the new treatment is able to give an accurate description of the electrostatic potential distribution in a macromolecular system. Results on test cases with simple geometries show that the new treatment is able to reach the same level of accuracy achieved by the finite difference method while using a lower grid density. Near changes and surfaces, our method is more accurate than the finite difference method. The overall maximum deviation between computed and analytic potentials is less than 3% except in regions surrounding charges. The applicaions of both the finite element and finite difference methods to the same biomolecular systems produce similar potential distributions that would become identical in the limit of infinitely fine grids. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Phospholipase A activity is not associated with early effects of colicin E1.

Summary A comparison was made of the time course of phospholipid changes and other early biochemical changes caused by colicin E1, conveniently monitored through changes in fluorescence intensity of the probe N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine. Under conditions where the fluorescence intensity attained half of its maximum value in 2 minutes, there was very little change in lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine level for 30 minutes. It is concluded that changes in phospholipase A activity are not associated with the early biochemical effects of colicin E1. Phosphatidic acid levels decrease slightly after addition of colicin E1, showing that an increase in phospholipase D activity also does not occur.
Wavelet analysis of the relation between atmospheric wind and pressure fluctuations on a low-rise building

The continuous wavelet transform is applied to simultaneously measured velocity components of atmospheric wind and surface pressure on low-rise buildings. The resulting time-scale representation of wavelet transform coefficients is used to relate velocity and pressure scales. The wavelet cross-scalogram is used to indicate which events in the velocity and pressure fluctuations take place at the same scale and the same time. The results show that when large peaks appear in the u- and, as importantly, v-components of the velocity, low-pressure peaks appear in the pressure fluctuations. Furthermore, the cross-scalogram shows that there is a clear relationship between energetic events in the flow and the appearance of pressure peaks. Specifically, the low-pressure peaks occur at the same scale and time as they do in the incident velocity fluctuations.
A gelatin sponge model for studying tumor growth: quantitation of tumor cells and leukocytes in the CHO tumor

A gelatin sponge model system for tumor cell inoculation and retrieval of tumor-associated leukocytes is described. Gelatin sponges pre-implanted in nude mice harboring tumorigenic Chinese hamster ovary cells (line CHO) were examined at 2 and 11 days after injection of tumor cells for tumor cell content and leukocyte accumulation after digesting the sponge matrix in collagenase solution.
Early days of pulse radio at the Carnegie Institution

Abstract Reminiscences of radio (‘wireless’) activities and research in the period 1923–1926 give re-emphasis to the earlier studies of the ‘radio reflecting layer’ by de Forest and Fuller in 1913–1914. An anecdote describes early ‘harassment’ by reflections from airplanes (1929).
Electrostatic stability of Wigner and Wigner-Dyson lattices

The local electrostatic stability against homogeneous deformations of uniformly charge-compensated lattices of point charges of the Wigner (unary or single charge species) and Dyson (binary or two charge species in equal concentration) types is explored. Within the scope of these calculations only the bcc, fcc, and hcp unary lattices are found to be locally stable with the bcc having the lowest energy of the three. Among binary lattices, locally stable lattices at various charge ratios of the two species are found to be the CsCl, NaCl, sphalerite (ZnS), tungsten carbide (WC), and the 1:1 gold-copper (AuCu). At very large charge ratio a lattice here dubbed almost bcc is found to be locally and possibly globally stable. Parameters and energies for the above lattices plus that of some locally unstable lattices are given as well as the energies of segregated unary lattices of the two species for all values of the charge ratio. This allows the most-stable lattice at each charge ratio to be determined. It is further conjectured that among binary lattices with a basis of more than two atoms, the wurtzite (ZnS) structure is probably also locally stable over some charge-ratio range. No simple correlation between structure and electrostatic energy has become apparent, but the energies of all locally stable forms differ by 0.1% or less. Some implications are briefly discussed.
Spatial metaphors in African‐American discourse

Three orators’ speeches are analyzed for their use of relational, locational and directional types of spatial metaphors. Frances Harper utilized all three types in her call for elemental justice. Mordecai Johnson blended directional with locational metaphors to recreate the African‐American's journey. Louis Lomax employed literal space as evidence for his metaphorical generalizations about racial pride and responsibility. The essay concludes by examining the potential importance of understanding symbolic space for critics of African‐American discourse.