cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anesthetic depression of microcirculation, central hemodynamics, and respiration in decerebrate rats

The objectives of this study were the development of a skeletal muscle microcirculatory preparation, in which the complications of drug anesthesia were minimized, and the quantitation of the effects of urethan and chloralose anesthesia on the microcirculation. Rats were initially anesthetized with urethan and chloralose and decerebrated by a midcollicular transection. The cremaster skeletal muscle, with intact circulation and innervation, was prepared for intravital microscopy by placement in a tissue bath. Arterioles (9–70 micrometers diam) at several anatomic levels were observed during the initial period of urethan-chloralose anesthesia (period 1), after recovery from the anesthesia (period 2), and again following reanesthetization (period 3). During period 2, respiratory rate, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure were significantly greater than during periods 1 and 3. Smaller arterioles (8–50 micrometers diam) exhibited vasomotion (mean amplitude 35% of mean diameter; mean frequency 31 cycles/min) d...
Transcriptional profiling of lymphoblast lines from subjects with panic disorder

In attempts to isolate genetic vulnerability factors for panic disorder (PD), a number of investigators have used genome-wide linkage or association analyses. But these attempts have been only modestly successful which suggests that alternative approaches may be needed to define the biology of PD. Therefore, using recently developed genome-wide gene expression profiling, we explored whether transcriptional signatures associated with PD are present in lymphoblast cell line. The expression of 2,469 transcripts in lymphoblast cell lines from 16 subjects was arithmetically increased in every line and significantly increased overall and 354 transcripts was arithmetically decreased in every cell line and significantly decreased overall as compared to those lymphoblast lines from 17 subjects without a history of behavioral illness. Further sex specific analyses showed that in those 10 lines derived from female probands, the expression of a further 67 transcripts was arithmetically increased in every line and significantly increased overall and a further 332 transcripts was arithmetically decreased in every cell line and significantly decreased. Conversely, in cell lines from the six male probands, the expression of an additional 212 was arithmetically increased in every line and significantly increased overall and a further 332 transcripts was arithmetically decreased in every cell line. We conclude that lymphoblast cell lines derived from subjects with PD have significant, partially sex dependent changes in gene transcription. Further studies are necessary to correlate these changes in these hemopoetically derived cells with those changes postulated to occur in the CNS in association with PD.
On labeling the vertices of products of complete graphs with distance constraints

Variations of Hale's channel assignment problem, the L(j, k)-labeling problem and the radio labeling problem require the assignment of integers to the vertices of a graph G subject to various distance constraints. The λj,k-number of G and the radio number of G are respectively the minimum span among all L(j, k)-labelings, and the minimum span plus 1 of all radio labelings of G (defined in the Introduction). In this paper, we establish the λj,k-number of ∏K for pairwise relatively prime integers t1 < t2 < … < tq, t1 ≥ 2. We also show the existence of an infinite class of graphs G with radio number |V(G)| for any diameter d(G). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005
The Iowa Online Advanced Placement Academy: Creating Access to Excellence for Gifted and Talented Rural Students

The Belin-Blank Center’s Iowa Online Advanced Placement Academy (IOAPA) was initiated in 2001 to provide access to a standard of excellence—AP courses and exams. The heart of the IOAPA program is the commitment to preparing students to succeed in AP. This is done by a combination of three educational programs. First is the IOAPA structure, which provides excellent online AP courses as well as support in the local schools. Second is the preparation that Iowa students receive through the Iowa Excellence Program, which is a Belin-Blank Center program that prepares students (especially in rural schools) for AP while they are still in middle/junior high school. Finally, the third component is the Belin-Blank Dynamic Model of Professional Development, which prepares teachers to prepare students to seek out and succeed in highly challenging courses, such as AP. This chapter highlights the success of these programs.
Case 3. Fetal hepatoblastoma with placental metastases.

(1985). Case 3 Fetal Hepatoblastoma with Placental Metastases. Pediatric Pathology: Vol. 4, No. 1-2, pp. 163-167.
Dwarf mistletoe–pandora moth interaction and its contribution to ponderosa pine mortality in Arizona

The interaction between Southwestern dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium vaginatum subspecies cryptopodum , infestation and defoliation by the pandora moth, Coloradia pandora pandora , on the Kaibab Plateau in Arizona was evaluated. Heavy defoliation of ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa , in 1979 and 1981 resulted in mortality of individual trees in areas of heavy dwarf mistletoe infestation. Postmortem evaluation of ponderosa pines indicated that dead trees had a significantly higher dwarf mistletoe rating than did nearby paired live trees. Of 25 tree pairs evaluated, only two live trees had higher dwarf mistletoe ratings than the paired dead tree. Mean dwarf mistletoe ratings were: live trees 2.9, dead trees 4.6 (6 class dwarf mistletoe rating system). Implications for management of the pandora moth are discussed.
Component Theories of Emotions

Most philosophers and many psychologists currently conceive of emotions as involving an intentional appraisal or evaluation and non-intentional components like physiological changes, somatic feelings, and overt behavior. Theories of this kind I call Component Theories. In psychology Component Theories are prominently advanced by (1960), Izard (1977), Averill (1980), Lazarus (1980), Plutchik (1980), and Ortony et al. (1988). Among philosophers conspicuously defending Component Theories are Kenny (1963), Trigg (1970), Wilson (1972), Neu (1977), Thalberg (1977), Lyons (1980), Taylor (1985), de Sousa (1987), Gordon (1987), and Greenspan (1988).
Abstract 344: Naturally Derived Cardiac Extracellular Matrix for Cardiac Progenitor Cell Therapy

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Following acute myocardial infarction, there is dramatic myocyte loss, and the cells are replaced with a collagen scar. Cell therapy directed toward regenerating infarcted myocardium suffers from poor retention of cells, possibly because the conditions are not ideal to support injected cells. Many studies show the local microenvironment is a potent regulator of cell fate. Therefore, we hypothesize that culturing cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) on a naturally derived, cardiac extracellular matrix (cECM) will increase their function. CPCs were isolated from rat cardiac tissue-homogenate with magnetic beads conjugated with c-kit antibodies. Porcine, cardiac extracellular matrix (cECM) was decellularized, digested, and lyophillized to be used as a coating material. CPCs were cultured on cECM and examined for cardiogenic lineage markers, survival, proliferation and adherence. Our results show that CPCs cultured on cECM proliferate better (2.9-fold) as compared to COL (2.3-fold; p<0.05). Additionally, CPCs demonstrate improved resistance to serum-starvation-induced apoptosis when cultured on cECM (40% ± 14%) as compared to COL (53% ± 14%; p<0.001). Furthermore, CPCs adhered more strongly to cECM than COL as measured using microfluidics. CPCs showed enhanced progression toward the cardiomyoctye lineage when cultured on cECM (nkx2.5: 2.3 ± 0.4-fold; α-myosin heavy chain: 14.6 ± 4.4-fold; troponinC: 2.4 ± 0.2-fold; p-values <0.05) as compared to COL. This was confirmed at the protein level with Gata-4 (1.8 ± 0.1-fold; p<0.001) and Nkx2.5 (1.6 ± 0.2-fold; p<0.05). A reduction in fibroblast specific protein-1 (0.5 ± 0.1-fold) was also seen on cECM as compared to COL and suggests the CPCs are less likely to contribute to scar formation. While these conditioned cells have not yet been examined in an in vivo setting, our comparison to COL mimics both the naked injection of these cells into an infarct zone, and comparison to a commonly used cell delivery vehicle. Our data suggest that CPCs delivered with cECM are more likely to survive and differentiate in the infarct zone than cells delivered by themselves or in collagen.
Targeting PI3K in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (aRMS)

10025 Background: aRMS is a pediatric solid tumor with a poor prognosis despite aggressive therapy. HGF/c-Met & PTEN-PI3K-AKT pathways are aberrant, leading to aRMS growth & metastasis. We hypothes...
Improving efficacy of internal binary search trees using local recovery

Binary Search Tree (BST) is an important data structure for managing ordered data. Many algorithms---blocking as well as non-blocking---have been proposed for concurrent manipulation of a binary search tree in an asynchronous shared memory system that supports search, insert and delete operations based on both external and internal representations of a search tree.An important step in executing an operation on a tree is to traverse the tree from top-to-down in order to locate the operation's window. A process may need to perform this traversal several times to handle any failures occurring due to other processes performing conflicting actions on the tree. Most concurrent algorithms that have proposed so far use a naive approach and simply restart the traversal from the root of the tree.In this work, we present a new approach to recover from such failures more efficiently in a concurrent binary search tree based on internal representation using local recovery by restarting the traversal from the "middle" of the tree in order to locate an operation's window. Our approach is sufficiently general in the sense that it can be applied to a variety of concurrent binary search trees based on both blocking and non-blocking approaches.Using experimental evaluation, we demonstrate that our local recovery approach can yield significant speed-ups of up to 69% for many concurrent algorithms.
Jespersen's 1917 monograph on negation

(1995). Jespersen's 1917 monograph on negation. WORD: Vol. 46, Aspects of the History of Linguistics: Papers in Honor of the 50th Anniversary of Word, pp. 29-39.
Applying Data Mining Techniques to Direct Marketing: Challenges and Solutions

In this paper, we discuss one of the most common tasks faced by marketers when faced with resource and time constraints, namely, consumer prioritization with the objective of optimizing one or more marketing key performance indicators such as consumer conversion. A key element in building predictive models is the ability to introduce features that capture historical user behaviors in an effective manner so as to differentiate between those consumers who are most likely to convert without nurturing, those who are likely to convert with nurturing, and those who are unlikely to convert irrespective of the marketing campaign and channel to which they may be subjected. Towards this effort, we propose to use a set of dynamic features to capture consumers' engagement behaviors. Moreover, we have also applied the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to identify certain hidden customer behavior patterns and use them as additional features. Various sampling techniques are then explored and compared to address the following three most common challenges faced in dealing with marketing data: 1) severely unbalanced historical ground truth, 2) sparsity in the relevant data due to low historical response rates, and 3) high dimensional due to the large variety of campaign channels, programs or themes. To validate our approach, we conducted some preliminary experiments using real-world campaign data. The evaluation shows that the random oversampling approach has the best performance giving the largest area under the curve (AUC) and an up to 160% improvement in the lift index. Finally, we conducted a pilot with one of our clients over a period of five weeks, which aims to help prioritize the campaign contacts to its consumers in Latin America. As a result, the pilot achieved 74% and 132% of lift in terms of customer responses to phone calls and emails in the test group, as compared to those from the control group.
Freed by the weight of history: polemic and doxography in sixteenth century Vedānta

The early sixteenth century saw a dramatic rise in the worldly fortunes and intellectual influence of Dvaita Vedānta, principally through the career of the great scholar Vyāsatīrtha (c. 1460–1539 AD). With exhaustive precision, he mapped the full range of philosophical opinion ranged against the tenets of the Dvaita system, not only dating from Madhva’s time, but stretching back to earlier Advaita and Viśiṣṭādvaita interpretations of Vedānta, as well as the views of Mīmāṃsakas, grammarians, and logicians on more general philosophical and hermeneutical topics. He broke with the practice of his forerunners in the Dvaita tradition, who made few direct references to specific authors and texts from rival traditions and directed their criticisms toward a generic and abstracted representation of a single rival tradition, Advaita Vedānta. In crafting his elaborate surveys, Vyāsatīrtha created what was in effect a systematic doxography of Advaita Vedānta, far more detailed, sophisticated, and historically sensitiv...
Segmental discriminative analysis for american sign language recognition and verification

This dissertation presents segmental discriminative analysis techniques for American Sign Language (ASL) recognition and verification. ASL recognition is a sequence classification problem. One of the most successful techniques for recognizing ASL is the hidden Markov model (HMM) and its variants. This dissertation addresses two problems in sign recognition by HMMs. The first is discriminative feature selection for temporally-correlated data. Temporal correlation in sequences often causes difficulties in feature selection. To mitigate this problem, this dissertation proposes segmentally-boosted HMMs (SBHMMs), which construct the state-optimized features in a segmental and discriminative manner. The second problem is the decomposition of ASL signs for efficient and accurate recognition. For this problem, this dissertation proposes discriminative state-space clustering (DISC), a data-driven method of automatically extracting sub-sign units by state-tying from the results of feature selection. DISC and SBHMMs can jointly search for discriminative feature sets and representation units of ASL recognition. ASL verification, which determines whether an input signing sequence matches a predefined phrase, shares similarities with ASL recognition, but it has more prior knowledge and a higher expectation of accuracy. Therefore, ASL verification requires additional discriminative analysis not only in utilizing prior knowledge but also in actively selecting a set of phrases that have a high expectation of verification accuracy in the service of improving the experience of users. This dissertation describes ASL verification using CopyCat, an ASL game that helps deaf children acquire language abilities at an early age. It then presents the "probe" technique which automatically searches for an optimal threshold for verification using prior knowledge and BIG, a bi-gram error-ranking predictor which efficiently selects/creates phrases that, based on the previous performance of existing verification systems, should have high verification accuracy. This work demonstrates the utility of the described technologies in a series of experiments. SBHMMs are validated in ASL phrase recognition as well as various other applications such as lip reading and speech recognition. DISC-SBHMMs consistently produce fewer errors than traditional HMMs and SBHMMs in recognizing ASL phrases using an instrumented glove. Probe achieves verification efficacy comparable to the optimum obtained from manually exhaustive search. Finally, when verifying phrases in CopyCat, BIG predicts which CopyCat phrases, even unseen in training, will have the best verification accuracy with results comparable to much more computationally intensive methods.
Dynamical downscaling of the western North Pacific from CCSM4 simulations during the last glacial maximum and late 20th century using the WRF model: model configuration and validation

Abstract. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model (version 3.5.1), dynamical downscaling of the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4), simulations of the last glacial maximum (LGM) and 20th century (ensemble member #6) run were conducted to simulate ten years of climate over the western North Pacific during the LGM and modern climates, respectively. This paper describes the downscaling procedures for the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model experiments and the quantitative and qualitative model validations comparing with the CCSM4 LGM and 20th century simulations results. Results of the dynamical downscaling of the CCSM4 LGM paleoclimate and twentieth century using the WRF model show not only that the WRF model is capable of long-term simulations in the paleoclimate state of LGM, but also that the WRF model can correct biases in the general circulation model (GCM), producing more realistic spatial distributions of the pressure-level variables. The downscaling of a GCM model using the WRF model (36 km) for the regional climate simulation is considered computationally cost-effective and reliable from the perspectives of model thermodynamics in general, although there are some model errors still existing with dynamic variables.
Four Modalities of Violence, with Special Reference to the Writings of Georges Sorel: Parts Two and Three

Of the foregoing modalities of violence in Church history (i-iv), the French socialist and syndicalist Georges Sorel ( 1847 1922) was especially conscious of Violence Postponed and Vio lence Actualized. In identifying a species of Violence Actualized in martyrdom-readiness, which might on the surface appear to be evangelical pacifism and hence to come under Violence Sub limated, he was particularly perceptive. Moreover, he was very discerning in his recognition that it was the programmatic cleavage between the Church and the world and state, in what ever era, that in essence enhanced its revolutionary capability. When Sorel entitled his work first published in article form in 1906 as "Reflections on Violence," he was not unaware of the resonance of such a title, going back as it did to Edmund Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790). The French Barthian publicist Jacques Ellul, an opponent of any Christian resort to force even in African liberation movements, entitled his work Violence: Reflections from a Christian Perspective,25 Hanna Arendt, in her substantial article in the New York Times Review of Books, in commenting on the American scene as of February 1969, inevitably entitled it "Reflections on Violence."26 Richard Hofstadter in his introductory essay, "Reflections on Violence in the United States" (1970),27 while recognizing that "violence occurs at decisive moments even in the history of those nations that have otherwise enjoyed long periods of gradual and relatively peaceful change," noted also that in America, as else
Campaigns, Issue Voting and Crime in Developing Democracies: Evidence from Mexico's Recent Elections

Crime as a campaign theme was notably absent in the 2012 Mexican presidential race, despite opinion polls that consistently showed it to be one of voters’ primary concerns. It seemed a significant disconnect for candidates to neglect the topic, as record levels of murders, kidnappings and extortions had citizens living in fear in many parts of the country. It also diverges from the theoretical consensus that crime is a valence issue in politics and candidates will distinguish themselves based on their degree of competence in addressing the problem. The final months of the previous electoral campaign in 2006 followed this established expectation, but the 2012 race did not. Mexico is not unique in this respect; there is a surprising amount of unexplained variation in the politicization of crime in electoral campaigns in Latin America, where homicide rates are three times the world average and the proportion of voters who consider crime to be the region’s most urgent problem has quintupled over the last 15 years. This research addresses the question, “Under what conditions do politicians campaign on crime?” Using survey data from the 2006 and 2012 Mexican presidential races, I argue a lack of voter trust in law enforcement institutions constrains the ability of candidates to differentiate themselves based on competence in combating crime, pushing them towards other possible campaign themes. This excludes the issue from the electoral debate and disallows voters a viable set of alternative approaches to their primary concern.
Flycasting: using collaborative filtering to generate a playlist for online radio

In recent years, the popularity of online radio has exploded. This new entertainment medium affords an opportunity not available to conventional broadcast radio: the instantaneous listening audience can be known, or what is more important, the musical tastes of the current listening audience can be known. Thus, it is possible in the new medium to tailor the playlist in real-time to the musical tastes of the listening audience. We discuss a method, termed flycasting, for using collaborative filtering techniques to generate a playlist in real-time based on the request histories of the current listening audience. We also describe a concrete implementation of the technique.
The microeconomics of residential photovoltaics: Tariffs, network operation and maintenance, and ancillary services in distribution-level electricity markets

Abstract We develop a microeconomic model of a distribution-level electricity market that takes explicit account of residential photovoltaics (PV) adoption. The model allows us to study the consequences of most tariffs on PV adoption and the consequences of increased residential PV adoption under the assumption of economic sustainability for electric utilities. We validate the model using U.S. data and extend it to consider different pricing schemes for operation and maintenance costs of the distribution network and for ancillary services. Results show that net metering promotes more environmental benefits and social welfare than other tariffs. However, if costs to operate the distribution network increase, net metering will amplify the unequal distribution of surplus among households. In conclusion, maintaining the economic sustainability of electric utilities under net metering may become extremely difficult unless the uneven distribution of surplus is legitimated by environmental benefits.
Heterogeneity and Intrinsic Variation in Spatial Genome Organization

The genome is hierarchically organized in 3D space and its architecture is altered in differentiation, development and disease. Some of the general principles that determine global 3D genome organization have been established. However, the extent and nature of cell-to-cell and cell-intrinsic variability in genome architecture are poorly characterized. Here, we systematically probe the heterogeneity in genome organization in human fibroblasts by combining high-resolution Hi-C datasets and high-throughput genome imaging. Optical mapping of several hundred genome interaction pairs at the single cell level demonstrates low steady-state frequencies of colocalization in the population and independent behavior of individual alleles in single nuclei. Association frequencies are determined by genomic distance, higher-order chromatin architecture and chromatin environment. These observations reveal extensive variability and heterogeneity in genome organization at the level of single cells and alleles and they demonstrate the coexistence of a broad spectrum of chromatin and genome conformations in a cell population.
Angkasa: A Software Tool for Spatiotemporal Granulation

We introduce a software tool for performing Spatiotemporal Granulation called Angkasa, which allows a user to independently granulate space and time, through the use of spatially encoded signals. The software is designed to be used as a creative tool for composition, real-time musical instrument, or as an analytical tool. The current iteration of Angkasa provides an interface for analysis and synthesis of both spatial and temporal domains. Additionally, we present a brief theoretical overview of Spatiotemporal Granulation, and outline the possible, and potential manipulations that could be realized through this technique.
Preparation of Peroxidase-Labeled Antibody

The first procedure binding antibody to an enzyme was published by Nakane and Pierce (1966). These authors established covalent linkage between the two components by p,p’-difluoro-m,m’-dinitro-diphenyl sulfone. A peroxidase enzyme was used to detect the bound antibody both at light and electron microscopic levels. Nakane and Kawaoi later (1974) developed a new procedure to bind peroxidase to antibody by oxidizing the carbohydrate moiety in the enzyme with periodate, thus forming aldehyde groups which react readily with primary amino groups in the antibodies or Fab’ fragments. The periodate treatment of the enzyme does not interfere with its enzymatic activity and a high percentage of the oxidized enzyme can be bound to antibodies without interfering with the reactivity of the antibody. This procedure is given here, based on the description of Nakane and Kawaoi (1974).
Practical Revocation and Key Rotation

We consider the problems of data maintenance on untrusted clouds. Specifically, two important use cases: (i) using public-key encryption to enforce dynamic access control, and (ii) efficient key rotation.
Use of Outpatient Rehabilitation Among Adult Stroke Survivors — 20 States and the District of Columbia, 2013, and Four States, 2015

Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability in the United States (1,2). Approximately 800,000 American adults experience a stroke each year (2,3). Currently, approximately 6 million stroke survivors live in the United States (2). Participation in stroke rehabilitation (rehab), which occurs in diverse settings (i.e., in-hospital, postacute care, and outpatient settings), has been determined to reduce stroke recurrence and improve functional outcomes and quality of life (3,4). Despite longstanding national guidelines recommending stroke rehab, it remains underutilized, especially in the outpatient setting. Professional associations and evidence-based guidelines support the increasing stroke rehab use in health systems and are promoted by the public health community (3-6). An analysis of 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data revealed that 30.7% of stroke survivors reported participation in outpatient rehab for stroke after hospital discharge in 21 states and the District of Columbia (DC) (7). To update these estimates, 2013 and 2015 BRFSS data were analyzed to assess outpatient rehab use among adult stroke survivors. Overall, outpatient rehab use was 31.2% (20 states and DC) in 2013 and 35.5% (four states) in 2015. Disparities were evident by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and level of education. Focused attention on system-level interventions that ensure participation is needed, especially among disparate populations with lower levels of participation.
I Have Issues with Facebook: But I Will Keep Using It

Today, social media is one of the dominant channels for communicating and collaborating among individuals and organizations. People are using social media as an effective and inexpensive way to make friendships with new people and to keep in touch with the existing ones [1], [2].
PCR for Detection of Streptococcus equi

S. equi is the causative agent of strangles, a highly contagious disease of the upper respiratory tract of equids. S. equi strains isolated from different parts of the world are genetically and antigenically homogeneous. The organism is not found in normal horses unlike closely related S. zooepidemicus(3). Since there are no effective vaccines against strangles, accurate and rapid detection of S. equi is important in preventing and managing outbreaks.
Forgiveness and forgetting: Clinical implications for mental health counselors.

Although mental health professionals have attempted to specify the meaning of forgiveness, lack of consensus exists. Despite the lack of consensus over the meaning of forgiveness, there is agreement that forgiving is not forgetting or pardoning. However, the relationship between forgiving and forgetting has been undertheorized, and as a result, this relationship has not been empirically investigated. In this paper, we suggest that it would be fruitful to assess the meaning systems individuals associate with the definition of forgiveness. Focusing on the lived experience of individuals may help researchers and counselors avoid unhelpful dichotomizations such as "authentic vs. inauthentic" forgiveness. Implications for both research and mental health counseling are discussed.
Creating a Higher Breed: Transhumanism and the Prophecy of Anglo-American Eugenics

How we assess current calls for vigorous, or “radical” (Agar 2010, 2014), enhancement through befitting procreative choices depends in part on the plausibility of supporters’ rejecting all substantive ties between their views and earlier eugenics. When denying such connections, today’s advocates of vigorous enhancement (i.e., transhumanists) routinely emphasize that enhancement decisions would stem from individuals and families, not the state. In a multipronged critique, I show the untenability of transhumanists’ denials.
Pre Mathematics Skills in Infants: Numerosity as a Game.

Pre literacy skills in young children have been well established. Explorations of the parallel concept of pre mathematic skills in young children are minimal. Recommendations for how to engage youn...
Comment on “Radiation-Belt Remediation Using Space-Based Antennas and Electron Beams” by Carlsten et al .

In a recent article, Carlsten et al. state “VLF modes in the ionosphere can be driven either by an antenna or by an electron beam” and dismiss the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) concept of producing the very low frequency (VLF) waves by high-speed neutral atom injection perpendicular to the magnetic field as “impractical.” In this comment, we highlight that the scientific basis used to make this conclusion is dubious and point to published literature that refutes this conclusion that was not cited in their article.
Implementing collaborative learning in classrooms: science teachers' perspectives

Research indicates that collaborative learning can lead to increased learning, interest and persistence in science fields. To inform future professional development and teachers' preparatory programs, it is important to examine teachers' conceptions of, and experiences with collaborative learning. This study explores middle and high school science teachers' conceptions of, and experiences with, collaborative learning in addition to the barriers that prevent the implementation of collaborative learning in the classroom. Survey data collected from 66 science teachers indicated that they viewed collaborative learning as a process that has a specific purpose. They reported having positive experiences when implementing collaborative learning. They were concerned about student-related barriers for not using collaborative learning. These findings provide insights about the content of professional development that can be designed to support these science teachers when implementing collaborative learning in their classrooms.
The Crucible of Grace

This chapter is a reflection on grace in the Song of Songs. What is striking about the Song is that the lovers endure, and this in spite of their essential differences, their irrecuperable mistakes, the depth of their betrayals and their continuous recklessness. In the end, love is said to triumph even over death! There is thus a quality of love which escapes human understanding and effort; it is a sacred flame that burns on in the heart of God even when the lovers find that their love for each other has cooled down. Our text thus seems to imply that the source of love lies beyond the lovers themselves and that it is thus that their love has been found to endure in spite of their mistakes. There is therefore an element of grace to love that is often forgotten.
Young Puritans: Adolescent Abstainers and Mental Health

This paper uses data from 2016 Caring Communities Youth Survey (CCYS) to examine adolescent abstainers from both drugs and antisocial behaviors. Four grade levels (6,8,10,12) with an N = 79, 988 ar...
A Validation Methodology for OCaml-to-PVS Translation.

We present a methodology, called OPEV, to validate the translation between OCaml and PVS, which supports non-executable semantics. This validation occurs by generating large-scale tests for OCaml implementations, generating test lemmas for PVS, and generating proofs that automatically discharge these lemmas. OPEV incorporates an intermediate type system that captures a large subset of OCaml types, employing a variety of rules to generate test cases for each type. To prove the PVS lemmas, we developed automatic proof strategies and discharged the test lemmas using PVS Proof-Lite, a powerful proof scripting utility of the PVS verification system. We demonstrated our approach on two case studies that include two hundred and fifty-nine functions selected from the Sail and Lem libraries. For each function, we generated thousands of test lemmas, all of which are automatically discharged. The methodology contributes to a reliable translation between OCaml and PVS.
Adaptive hyper reduction for additive manufacturing thermal fluid analysis

Abstract Thermal fluid coupled analysis is essential to enable an accurate temperature prediction in additive manufacturing. However, numerical simulations of this type are time-consuming, due to the high non-linearity, the underlying large mesh size and the small time step constraints. This paper presents a novel adaptive hyper reduction method for speeding up these simulations. The difficulties associated with non-linear terms for model reduction are tackled by designing an adaptive reduced integration domain. The proposed online basis adaptation strategy is based on a combination of a basis mapping, enrichment by local residuals and a gappy basis reconstruction technique. The efficiency of the proposed method will be demonstrated by representative 3D examples of additive manufacturing models, including single-track and multi-track cases.
Registration of Finite Resolution Images: a Second-order Analysis

We study the problem of image registration in the finite-resolution regime and characterize the error probability of algorithms as a function of properties of the transformation and the image capture noise. Specifically, we define a channel-aware Feinstein decoder to obtain upper bounds on the minimum achievable error probability under finite resolution. We specifically focus on the higher-order terms and use Berry-Esseen type CLTs to obtain a stronger characterization of the achievability condition for the problem. Then, we derive a strong type-counting result to characterize the performance of the MMI decoder in terms of the maximum likelihood decoder, in a simplified setting of the problem. We then describe how this analysis, when related to the results from the channel-aware context provide stronger characterization of the finite-sample performance of universal image registration.
Ending a Career on the Rock (1900–1912)

Chapter 10, “Ending a Career on the Rock (1900–1912)” discusses the very public scandal that erupted over telegrams sent during the South African War and White’s decision to hold Ladysmith. It also looks at the lesser scandals involving Archibald Hunter and the direction of the Battle of Wagon Hill and Caesar’s Camp as well as The Times History of the War in South Africa. Finally, it examines White’s role as Governor of Gibraltar during the First Moroccan Crisis and his thoughts on Indian military reform.
The Light-Dependent and Light-Independent Reduction of Protochlorophyllide a to Chlorophyllide a

Two different pathways for protochlorophyllide a (Pchlide) reduction in photosynthetic organisms have been proved: one is strictly light-dependent whereas the second is light-independent. Both pathways occur in all photosynthetic cells except in angiosperms which form chlorophyll only through the light-dependent pathway. Most cells belonging to Eubacteria (i.e., the anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria) synthesize bacteriochlorophyll through the light-independent pathway. This review deals with the physiological, biochemical, and molecular biological features of molecules involved in both pathways of Pchlide reduction.
Of mice, microglia, and (wo)men: a case series and mechanistic investigation of hydroxychloroquine for complex regional pain syndrome.

Introduction Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a condition that occurs after minor trauma characterized by sensory, trophic, and motor changes. Although preclinical studies have demonstrated that CRPS may be driven in part by autoinflammation, clinical use of immune-modulating drugs in CRPS is limited. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug used to treat malaria and autoimmune disorders that may provide benefit in CRPS. Objectives To describe the use of HCQ in patients with refractory CRPS and investigate possible mechanisms of benefit in a mouse model of CRPS. Methods We initiated HCQ therapy in 7 female patients with refractory CRPS undergoing treatment at the Stanford Pain Management Center. We subsequently undertook studies in the mouse tibial fracture-casting model of CRPS to identify mechanisms underlying symptom reduction. We evaluated behavior using mechanical allodynia and spinal cord autoinflammation by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results We treated 7 female patients with chronic, refractory CRPS with HCQ 200 mg twice daily for 2 months, followed by 200 mg daily thereafter. Two patients stopped HCQ secondary to lack of response or side effects. Overall, HCQ significantly improved average numerical rating scale pain from 6.8 ± 1.1 before HCQ to 3.8 ± 1.9 after HCQ treatment. In the tibial fracture-casting mouse model of CRPS, we observed reductions in allodynia, paw edema, and warmth following daily HCQ treatment starting at 3 weeks after injury. Spinal cord dorsal horn microglial activation and cytokine levels were also reduced by HCQ treatment. Conclusion Together, these preclinical and clinical results suggest that HCQ may benefit patients with CRPS at least in part by modulating autoinflammation and support further investigation into the use of HCQ for CRPS.
Understanding Heart Field Progenitor Cells for Modeling Congenital Heart Diseases

Heart development is a meticulously coordinated process that involves the specification of two distinct populations of cardiac progenitor cells, namely the first and the second heart field. Disruption of heart field progenitors can result in congenital heart defects. In this review, we aim to describe the signaling pathways and transcription factors that link heart field development and congenital heart disease. Single-cell transcriptomics, lineage-tracing mouse models, and stem cell-based in vitro modeling of cardiogenesis have significantly improved the spatiotemporal characterization of cardiac progenitors. Additionally, novel functional genomic studies have now linked more genetic variants with congenital heart disease. Dysregulation of cardiac progenitor cells causes malformations that can be lethal. Ongoing research will continue to shed light on cardiac morphogenesis and help us better understand and treat patients with congenital heart disease.
Multi-axis destabilisation device influences plantar pressure distribution in adults with chronic ankle instability.

Patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) walk with increased lateral plantar pressure, precipitating future injuries. Gait retraining to medially shift plantar pressure may prevent recurrent i...
Genomic Characterization of Salmonella typhimurium DT104 Strains Associated with Cattle and Beef Products

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104, a multidrug-resistant phage type, has emerged globally as a major cause of foodborne outbreaks particularly associated with contaminated beef products. In this study, we sequenced three S. Typhimurium DT104 strains associated with a 2009 outbreak caused by ground beef, including the outbreak source strain and two clinical strains. The goal of the study was to gain a stronger understanding of the genomics and genomic epidemiology of highly clonal S. typhimurium DT104 strains associated with bovine sources. Our study found no single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between the ground beef source strain and the clinical isolates from the 2009 outbreak. SNP analysis including twelve other S. typhimurium strains from bovine and clinical sources, including both DT104 and non-DT104, determined DT104 strains averaged 55.0 SNPs between strains compared to 474.5 SNPs among non-DT104 strains. Phylogenetic analysis separated the DT104 strains from the non-DT104 strains, but strains did not cluster together based on source of isolation even within the DT104 phage type. Pangenome analysis of the strains confirmed previous studies showing that DT104 strains are missing the genes for the allantoin utilization pathway, but this study confirmed that the genes were part of a deletion event and not substituted or disrupted by the insertion of another genomic element. Additionally, cgMLST analysis revealed that DT104 strains with cattle as the source of isolation were quite diverse as a group and did not cluster together, even among strains from the same country. Expansion of the analysis to 775 S. typhimurium ST19 strains associated with cattle from North America revealed diversity between strains, not limited to just among DT104 strains, which suggests that the cattle environment is favorable for a diverse group of S. typhimurium strains and not just DT104 strains.
Multimodal and Multilingual Co-authoring in High School Social Studies ESL Classrooms

This chapter presents a qualitative study of how newcomer English Learners (ELs) collaboratively engage various semiotic tools in their production of multimodal identity texts in high school social studies classes. Through analysis of students’ written work (worksheet, screenplay, and poster), as well as field notes and recordings of classroom interaction, the chapter explores the choices learners make in co-authoring multimodal texts that bridge multiple languages, contexts, and experiences. It concludes by contributing nuanced conceptualizations of multimodal composition that emphasize dynamic relationships between identity formation, translingual practice and civic engagement in an increasingly interconnected and digital world.
Approaches to Improve Brain Specificity and Accuracy with Interferometric Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy

Employing interferometric Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy at 3.5 cm source-collector separation on the human forehead, we evaluate improvements in data analysis: zero-lag derivative, multilayer models, and absorption compensation, during voluntary apnea.
Generation of noise-like pulses in a high numerical aperture fiber seeded by soliton pulses at 1.9 μm

We demonstrate that soliton pulses centered at 1.9 μm can evolve into noise-like pulses in a high numerical aperture fiber. The amplified pulses have an energy of 56 nJ and a duration of 210 fs after compression.
Robustness of Systems with Unstructured Perturbations via Integral Liapunov Functions

Investigation on methods of robusutness estimation of nominally linear dynamic systems with unstructured uncertainties was performed. The algorithm proposed involves the consideration of a associated system, choice and subequent development of Liapunov function candidate and integration of their derivatives along the solution trajectory. The examples illustrate the method; better estimates of the bounds than those from traditional approach were obtained.
Happiness: A History

Today, human beings tend to think of happiness as a natural right. But they haven t always felt this way. For the ancient Greeks, happiness meant virtue. For the Romans, it implied prosperity and divine favor. For Christians, happiness was synonymous with God. Throughout history, happiness has been equated regularly with the highest human calling, the most perfect human state. Yet it s only within the past two hundred years that human beings have begun to think of happiness as not just an earthly possibility but also as an earthly entitlement, even an obligation. In this sweeping new book, historian Darrin M. McMahon argues that our modern belief in happiness is the product of a dramatic revolution in human expectations carried out since the eighteenth century.In the tradition of works by Peter Gay and Simon Schama, "Happiness" draws on a multitude of sources, including art and architecture, poetry and scripture, music and theology, and literature and myth, to offer a sweeping intellectual history of man s most elusive yet coveted goal."
A Review of “What are Archives? Cultural and Theoretical Perspectives: A Reader”

In What Are Archives? Louise Craven brings together some of the leading voices in British archival theory and practice to discuss the role of archives in contemporary academic and cultural discours...
Dynamic characteristics of quantum dot lasers

This paper describes special techniques, such as modulation doping and tunnel injection, that are required to enhance quantum dot (QD) laser performance. This study also presents the L-I characteristics of a single-mode 1.3 /spl mu/m p-doped QD laser at various temperatures. Results show that this is the first time that a semiconductor laser has displayed such temperature invariant features.