cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Study of Social Class Awareness

Q UESTIONS regarding the nature, extent, and roots of social class awareness or consciousness in the United 'States have been debatable issues in the field ,of social stratification. Some studies have simply ignored the subjective aspects of class affiliation by treating classes as statistical aggregates,' and others have tried to adduce reasons as to .why the development of class awareness might be expected to be restricted.2 On the other hand, many surveys have shown that attitudes on numerous potiticat and economic questions are ,closely related to socio-economic factors,3 and recently Richard Centers has tried explicitly to demonstrate the existence of class conscious aggregates.4 The various contentions concerning social class awareness seem marred by theoretical and methodological biases and a lack of factual information. Researchers who provide no commentary on class awareness usually have employed conceptual schemes and research instruments which preclude the compilation of facts concerning attitudes, allegiances, and aspirations.5 Others who have stressed the significance of such awareness have been taken to task for their use of untested assumptions, and their use of a "forced-answer" technique of questioning which predetermines the classes identified.6 In the opinion of the present writer, little can be said with certainty as to the nature and implications of class awareness in the United States. Much data seem to indicate an important subjective aspect of class or status; but the extent and significance of this subjective content is mostly unknown. In view of this dilemma, the present study seeks to delineate the social class awareness7 of a southern city by (1) describing the variety and extent of perceptions of social class existing in the white adult population, and (2) relating differences in these perceptions to the socio-economic levels of that population.
Effects of Exogenous Sodium Silicate on Cold Tolerance of Citrus reticulata cv. Shatangju

To elucidate the roles of Sodium silicate(Na2Si O3) in enhancing tolerance of cold stress(4 ℃) in Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Shatangju, one-year old nursery cultured C. reticulata cv. Shatangju was used to investigate the physiological changes of plants exposing to 4 ℃ low temperature stress after pretreated with different Na2 Si O3concentration of 0 mmol / L,0.1 mmol / L, 1.0 mmol / L, 10.0 mmol / L and 20.0 mmol / L. The results showed that comparing with the control plants(0mmol / L Na2 Si O3), the Na2 Si O3pretreated plants had more chlorophyll and higher antioxidant activities of enzymes including SOD, POD. Relative conductivity was reduced. It is indicated that exogenous Na2 Si O3enhanced the cold tolerance of low temperature stress in C. reticulata cv. Shatangju. The 0.1 mmol / L pretreatment had the best effects.
Outcomes of a Clinic-Based Surveillance-Informed Intervention to Relink Patients to HIV Care.

Background Improving patient retention in HIV care is crucial to improving the HIV care continuum. We instituted and evaluated a relinkage program that uses clinical data to identify potentially out-of-care patients, matches those data to public health surveillance, and employs a linkage specialist (LS) to coordinate care relinkage. Methods The intervention began November 1, 2012, in the largest HIV clinic in Washington State. We evaluated program outcomes and compared patient outcomes in the year after initiation of the intervention to a historical control cohort of patients. Cox proportional hazard ratios were used to compare time to relinkage to care between cohorts, and regression models using generalized estimated equations were preformed to examine secondary outcomes of relinkage to care, engagement in care, and viral suppression. Results A total of 753 patients were identified as "out of care" on November 1, 2012. Matching with surveillance data and initial LS investigations found that 596 (79%) of these patients had moved, transferred care, or were incarcerated. Of the 157 remaining patients, 40 (25%) relinked to care before LS contact, and the LS successfully contacted 38 (24%). A total of 116 (15%) patients in the intervention cohort relinked to care and 24 (20%) were contacted by the LS. Compared with the historical cohort, the time to relinkage was shorter among patients in the intervention cohort [adjusted hazard ratio = 1.7 (1.2-2.3)] and a greater proportion relinked (15% vs. 10%). Conclusions This clinic-based surveillance-informed relinkage intervention showed statistically significant but modest effectiveness in returning out-of-care patients to HIV care compared with historical controls.
Male Eating Disorder Symptom Patterns and Health Correlates From 13 to 26 Years of Age

Objective Research on the manifestations and health correlates of eating disorder symptoms among males is lacking. This study identified patterns of appearance concerns and eating disorder behaviors from adolescence through young adulthood and their health correlates. Method Participants were 7,067 males from the prospective Growing Up Today Study. Surveys from 1999 to 2007 (spanning ages 13 − 26 years) provided repeated measures data on muscularity and leanness concerns, eating disorder behaviors (purging, overeating, binge eating, use of muscle-building products), and health correlates (obesity, non-marijuana drug use, binge drinking, and depressive symptoms). Results Latent class analyses of observations at ages 13 to 15, 16 to 18, 19 to 22, and 23 to 26 years identified 1 large Asymptomatic class and 4 symptomatic patterns: Body Image Disturbance (high appearance concerns, low eating disorder behaviors; 1.0% − 6.0% per age period); Binge Eating/Purging (binge eating and purging, use of muscle-building products, low appearance concerns; 0.1% − 2.5%); Mostly Asymptomatic (low levels of muscularity concern, product use, and overeating; 3.5% − 5.0%); and Muscularity Concerns (high muscularity concerns and use of products; 0.6% − 1.0%). The Body Image Disturbance class was associated with high estimated prevalence of depressive symptoms. Males in the Binge Eating/Purging and Muscularity Concerns classes had high prevalence of binge drinking and drug use. Despite exhibiting modestly greater appearance concerns and eating disorder behaviors than the Asymptomatic class, being in the Mostly Asymptomatic class was prospectively associated with adverse health outcomes. Conclusion Results underscore the importance of measuring concerns about leanness, muscularity, and use of muscle-building products when assessing eating disorder presentations among males in research and clinical settings.
KB-R7943. Kanebo.

Kanebo is investigating KB-R7943, a Na+/Ca2+ ion exchange inhibitor, for the potential treatment of ischemia and reperfusion injury. It inhibited the outward Na+/Ca2+ exchange current (iNCX) more potently than the inward current under unidirectional flow conditions; however, inward and outward current were inhibited equally under bidirectional conditions. The drug was a competitive inhibitor to external calcium, and the inhibition was reversible with a recovery t1/2 of about 30 s. The mammalian Na+/Ca2+ exchanger forms a multigene family of homologous proteins comprising three isoforms, NCX1, NCX2 and NCX3. By examining chimeric constructs between NCX1 and NCX3 expressed in CCL39 cells, it has been demonstrated that it is the conserved internal repeat regions (alpha-1 and alpha-2) of the exchanger that are critical for the drug's action.
New concepts on treatment of the upper limb in the tetraplegic. Surgical restoration and functional neuromuscular stimulation

Today, many tetraplegics benefit from surgical restoration of hand function. New concepts of functional neuromuscular stimulation are impacting the care of those patients who are more severely paralyzed and are unable to benefit from surgery alone. Grasp, pinch, wrist extension, and elbow extension restoration are now possible.
Diet and athletic performance.

There are no dietary tricks or special diets that will give athletes a competitive advantage. Appetite and satiety are sensitive regulators of food intake to meet the caloric requirements of physic...
Performance of Multiple Alternatives to Reduce Carbon Emissions for Transit Fleets: A Real-world Perspective

Abstract Transit agencies are always seeking opportunities to reduce fuel consumption, which typically provides simultaneous emissions reductions. However, the effectiveness and efficiency of fuel conservation and emission reduction alternatives differ as a function of local transit operating characteristics. The fact that emissions reductions from multiple alternatives are not necessarily additive further complicates these analyses. In selecting a set of alternatives, transit agencies need to evaluate multiple options simultaneously, and under agency-specific operating parameters. This paper presents the analysis of emissions reduction alternatives of eco-driving and purchasing new fleet with compressed natural gas, utilizing real-world operating data collected from the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (local transit) and the Georgia Regional Transportation Authority (express bus) fleets. Each individual emissions reduction alternative was first investigated for effectiveness individually and then in combination to assess cumulative impacts. The results show that the comparative performance of emissions reductions alternatives is highly dependent on vehicle operating characteristics, and thus the preferred alternatives, differ between different fleets. The analysis conducted for the Atlanta, Georgia region in the United States provides insight to how such modeling techniques can assist planning for future fleets given each agency's unique local conditions.
Paraprofessional Relaxation Training Technicians in a Biofeedback Clinic

The word patient has connotations of someone passively waiting for the doctor, listening while being told what is wrong, taking medicine, and “patiently” waiting until the drug takes effect. Something is being done to the patient rather than his doing something. The role of the patient seldom includes being an active participant in understanding and doing something himself about what is wrong. Our biofeedback program seeks to change the treatment role of the patient so that he becomes an aware, understanding observer of what is happening to his physiology. With this awreness. control or change often becomes possible. With his continued efforts at voluntarily doing something to change the information he is receiving about his physiology, potential change can become a reality. Biofeedback is any process that detects a specific aspect of the body’s physiological functioning, converts these data into signals that can be heard, seen, or felt by the person himself, and feeds those signals back to him.
Trade Policies for Development

The division of the world into rich and poor nations is a disturbing phenomenon, which is frequently traced back to the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution undoubtedly initiated a period of rapid income growth, based largely on the continual accretion of technological innovation (which has now come to be regarded as the primary component of substained economic growth) in a number of countries, spreading out from England in the late 18th century but bypassing a number of countries on the ‘periphery’. But it is an historical fact that such disparities in economic standards of living obtained, between different regions of the world, at a number of different periods of modern history stemming from what Cipolla describes as the Agricultural Revolution of 10,000 years ago when the Mesolithic Age passed away.2
Donor-Derived T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia in a Patient With Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma

T-cell large granular lymphocytic (T-LGL) leukemia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is rare and its natural history and clinical outcome have not been well described. We report the clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular features of a case of donor-derived T-LGL leukemia in a 16-year-old man who received allogeneic SCT for peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS). The patient presented with persistent neutropenia and splenomegaly 9 months after SCT when the chimerism study showed a 100% donor pattern. A splenectomy revealed T-LGL leukemia. Flow cytometric analysis showed an aberrant T-cell population positive for CD3, CD5 (dim, subset), CD7, CD8, CD16 (subset), CD57, CD94 (dim, partial), and T-cell receptor (TCR) αβ, and negative for CD4, CD26, CD56, and TCRγδ. Molecular studies showed monoclonal TCRβ and TCRγ gene rearrangements. Both the immunophenotype and molecular profile of the T-LGL leukemia were different from the pre-SCT PTCL. Sequencing analysis for STAT3 exon 21 did not reveal any mutation in both pre-SCT and post-SCT specimens. The patient did not receive any treatment for T-LGL leukemia; however, his count progressively increased after splenectomy, despite the presence of persistent T-LGL leukemia in the bone marrow. There was no evidence of recurrent PTCL. We propose an algorithm to diagnose this rare post-SCT neoplasm.
Thermoelectric properties of Ho-doped Bi0.88Sb0.12

The Seebeck coefficients, electrical resistivities, total thermal conductivities, and magnetization are reported for temperatures between 5 and 350 K for n-type Bi0.88Sb0.12 nano-composite alloys made by Ho-doping at the 0, 1, and 3 % atomic levels. The alloys were prepared using a dc hot-pressing method, and are shown to be single phase for both Ho contents with grain sizes on the average of 900 nm. We find the parent compound has a maximum of ZT = 0.28 at 231 K, while doping 1 % Ho increases the maximum ZT to 0.31 at 221 K and the 3 % doped sample suppresses the maximum ZT = 0.24 at a temperature of 260 K.
Switching P2Y12 Receptor Inhibiting Therapies

Antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor is the cornerstone of treatment of patients with atherothrombotic disease manifestations. Switching between P2Y12 inhibitors occurs commonly in clinical practice for a variety of reasons, including safety, efficacy, adherence, and economic considerations. There are concerns about the optimal approach for switching because of potential drug interactions, which may lead to ineffective platelet inhibition and thrombotic complications, or potential overdosing due to overlap in drug therapy, which might cause excessive platelet inhibition and increased bleeding. This review provides practical considerations of switching based on pharmacodynamic and clinical data available from the literature.
Molecules to Ecosystems: Actinomycete Natural Products In situ.

Actinomycetes, filamentous actinobacteria found in numerous ecosystems around the globe, produce a wide range of clinically useful natural products. In natural environments, actinomycetes live in dynamic communities where environmental cues and ecological interactions likely influence natural product biosynthesis. Our current understating of these cues, and the ecological roles of natural products, is in its infancy. We postulate that understanding the ecological context in which actinomycete metabolites are made is fundamental to advancing the discovery of novel natural products. In this review we explore the ecological relevance of actinomycetes and their secondary metabolites from varying ecosystems, and suggest that investigating the ecology of actinomycete interactions warrants particular attention with respect to metabolite discovery. Furthermore, we focus on the chemical ecology and in situ analysis of actinomycete natural products and consider the implications for natural product biosynthesis at ecosystem scales.
What Determines Patient Experience? Exploring Patient, Clinical Staff, and Management Perspectives

Hospitals are increasingly concerned with enhancing the patient experience with care given that Medicare reimbursements are now tied to patient satisfaction. A patient’s experience may be influence...
Vaccination and autoimmune phenomena

The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date outlook on autoimmune phenomena associated with vaccination. Autoimmune reactions triggered by vaccination are a rare occurrence, but a frequent cause of concern. Search of available medical literature for terms “vaccination” and “autoimmunity” or “autoimmune” was performed. Additional articles were indentified based on citations in retrieved articles. Initiation of an autoimmune response by vaccination is possible, but rare. Potential mechanisms include molecular mimicry and bystander activation. In addition, adjuvants present in vaccines may trigger an autoimmune response in specifically predisposed persons by stimulating innate immunity. Documented instances of vaccine-related autoimmunity include Guillain-Barre syndrome following 1976 pandemic influenza (New Jersey strain) vaccine, immune thrombocytopenic purpura triggered by measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine, and myopericarditis associated with smallpox vaccine. Many autoimmune phenomena have been reported to have occurred in individual patients, or series of patients, in temporal association with the administration of a vaccine. However, controlled studies in most such instances either failed to confirm a causal relationship or were not performed. Conclusion – The weight of currently available evidence supports the conclusion that any risks of autoimmune reactions to vaccines are far outweighed by vaccine-afforded protection against infections, particularly in view of the fact that infections, including vaccine-preventable infections, are most important triggers of autoimmunity. However, research into autoimmune reactions apparently initiated by vaccines is potentially of great importance in the continuing quest to improve scientific understanding of how the immune system functions in health and disease, as well as to widen the evidence base for future efforts directed toward additional improvement in vaccine safety.
Status Seeking and the Design of Online Entertainment Communities

The main purpose of this chapter is to offer an overview of status seeking in online entertainment communities (OECs) and design issues associated with status seeking. Status refers to one’s standing in a social hierarchy as determined by respect, deference, and social influence (Ridgeway and Walker 1995). The value of status is demonstrated in the status-seeking behavior among participants of OECs. Status seeking is a particularly strong motivating force used by entertainment providers to promote the usage of online entertainment. It is therefore interesting to study the implications of status seeking for the design of OECs. In this chapter, we lay out the theoretical and empirical foundation for status seeking in OECs and provide a game-theoretic framework for analyzing it. We discuss a handful of design issues associated with status seeking in the context of OECs. We also identify several open issues for future research.1
The Rise of Women Chief Justices in Africa

From Ghana to Malawi to Nigeria, countries across Africa have recently appointed women chief justice for the first time. This paper identifies where and when women have become chief justices for the period 1990 to 2013. We examine why some countries have appointed women to the highest position in the judiciary and not other countries. We consider several factors such as women's agency, the appointment process, and the legal system. We further examine whether and how women chief justices have made an impact while in the position.
Making Black Lives Matter: Conjuring and Creative Place-Making in an Age of Austerity

In Houston’s Third Ward and Chicago’s Greater Grand Crossing neighborhood, Black artists and activists and their allies combine conjuring and creative place-making in projects that fuse economic development with deepened social cohesion. Like the Black Lives Matter movement, Project Row Houses in Houston and the Rebuild Foundation’s Stony Island Arts Bank in Chicago respond to the urgent needs of aggrieved communities in an era of austerity. They engage in practices, processes, and productions that hone and refine individual and collective capacities for finding value in undervalued places and, by extension, in undervalued people. They promote deliberative talk and face-to-face decision-making about the problems that Black people face. They set in motion dynamics that teach people to find something left to love in themselves and others in a society that can often make everyone feel unlovable. They envision and enact plans for reconstituting society and social relations from the bottom up on the basis of values directly antithetical to the dominant logics of racialized capitalism.
Modeling the Short Rate as a Levy Process and Option Pricing with the FFT

This paper describes a practical algorithm for modeling interest rate derivatives with the short rate following a Levy process using the fast Fourier transform algorithm (FFT). It can be used with any Levy process for which we have a closed form formula for the characteristic function, this includes a large variety of ‘fat-tailed’ jump diffusion processes. This model allows for the computation of forward rates and can be used to price American and Bermudan exercise options. Pricing algorithms are provided for option bonds and swaptions. The model is effectively equivalent to a tree approach except that diffusion is done by FFT instead of by branching. Pricing algorithms using trees or finite difference method can be easily adapted. Under the Normal distribution it can replicate the single factor Hull-White and Black-Karasinski models. The model supports mean reversion of interest rates. Monte Carlo simulations can be efficiently performed as well.
The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces of Englishes in South Korea

This chapter examines the centripetal and centrifugal forces of Korean Englishes constructed in South Korean young adults’ translingual dialogues at language exchange sessions. While centripetal forces unify the forms of languages and their associated verbal-ideological worlds, centrifugal forces decentralize the norms and ideologies of language. Qualitative analysis of the dialogues revealed the following: on the one hand, the young adults construct centripetal ideologies in dialogues, resulting in the isolation of native speakers of English, the privileging of their varieties, and an unequal distribution of linguistic authority among Koreans; on the other hand, centrifugal forces diversify the norms of Englishes, embed the voices and identities of Koreans, and allow for transgressing boundaries across codes. The two forces intersect in dialogues, simultaneously shaping Korean Englishes in unifying and decentralizing ways.
Ring-like N-fold Models of Aβ 42 fibrils

When assembling as fibrils Aβ40 peptides can only assume U-shaped conformations while Aβ42 can also arrange as S-shaped three-stranded chains. We show that this allows Aβ42 peptides to assemble pore-like structures that may explain their higher toxicity. For this purpose, we develop a scalable model of ring-like assemblies of S-shaped Aβ1–42 chains and study the stability and structural properties of these assemblies through atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the proposed arrangements are in size and symmetry compatible with experimentally observed Aβ assemblies. We further show that the interior pore in our models allows for water leakage as a possible mechanism of cell toxicity of Aβ42 amyloids.
The Development and Test of a System of Organizational Participation and Allocation

(1987). The Development and Test of a System of Organizational Participation and Allocation. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 10, Communication Yearbook 10, pp. 437-455.
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE AND INNERVATION OF THE PANCREATIC ISLETS OF THE HOLOCEPHALIAN RATFISH, HYDROLAGUS COLLIEI

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses an experiment to examine the ratfish islet cell ultrastructure in detail and to compare, where possible, the granule morphology of these cells with those of other vertebrates. The results of the experiment support earlier light microscopical work on the presence of four constantly-occurring islet cell types within the holocephalian islet. On the basis of ultrastructural and histochemical observations, it is possible to conclude that the ratfish A-cells and β-cells produce glucagon and insulin, respectively. These histochemical observations have been extended to other chondrichthyean species and support the idea of autonomously-occurring A-cells and β-cells in sharks and skates. The functions of the D-cell and the X-cell in the ratfish are still unknown. Light microscopically shows that somatostatin is present in the D-cells of various mammalian species. However, it is not known whether ratfish D-cells contain somatostatin. The ratfish islet demonstrates a sparse innervation that is consistent with findings reported for other chondrichthyean species. Although bundles of nerve fibers are commonly seen at the islet periphery, it is not common to find fibers within the islet. Regardless of the chemical nature of the neurogranules, it appears that the direct control of the ratfish islet tissue by nerves may not be of major physiologic importance to the animal.
Highly efficient solid state magnetoelectric gyrators

An enhancement in the power-conversion-efficiency (η) of a magneto-electric (ME) gyrator has been found by the use of Mn-substituted nickel zinc ferrite. A trilayer gyrator of Mn-doped Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 has η = 85% at low power conditions (∼20 mW/in3) and η ≥ 80% at high power conditions (∼5 W/in3). It works close to fundamental electromechanical resonance in both direct and converse modes. The value of η is by far the highest reported so far, which is due to the high mechanical quality factor (Qm) of the magnetostrictive ferrite. Such highly efficient ME gyrators with a significant power density could become important elements in power electronics, potentially replacing electromagnetic and piezoelectric transformers.
A SIMPLE SPATIALLY WEIGHTED MEASURE OF TEMPORAL STABILITY FOR DATA WITH LIMITED TEMPORAL OBSERVATIONS

Abstract. Identifying erratic or unstable time-series is an area of interest to many fields. Recently, there have been successful developments towards this goal. These new developed methodologies however come from domains where it is typical to have several thousand or more temporal observations. This creates a challenge when attempting to apply these methodologies to time-series with much fewer temporal observations such as for socio-cultural understanding, a domain where a typical time series of interest might only consist of 20-30 annual observations. Most existing methodologies simply cannot say anything interesting with so few data points, yet researchers are still tasked to work within in the confines of the data. Recently a method for characterizing instability in a time series with limitedtemporal observations was published. This method, Attribute Stability Index (ASI), uses an approximate entropy based method tocharacterize a time series’ instability. In this paper we propose an explicitly spatially weighted extension of the Attribute StabilityIndex. By including a mechanism to account for spatial autocorrelation, this work represents a novel approach for the characterizationof space-time instability. As a case study we explore national youth male unemployment across the world from 1991-2014.
A Self-Assembling Whole-Cell Vaccine Antigen Presentation Platform.

ABSTRACT Diarrhea is the most common infection in children under the age of 5 years worldwide. In spite of this, only a few vaccines to treat infectious diarrhea exist, and many of the available vaccines are sparingly and sporadically administered. Major obstacles to the development and widespread implementation of vaccination include the ease and cost of production, distribution, and delivery. Here we present a novel, customizable, and self-assembling vaccine platform that exploits the Vibrio cholerae bacterial biofilm matrix for antigen presentation. We use this technology to create a proof-of-concept, live-attenuated whole-cell vaccine that is boosted by spontaneous association of a secreted protein antigen with the cell surface. Sublingual administration of this live-attenuated vaccine to mice confers protection against V. cholerae challenge and elicits the production of antigen-specific IgA in stool. The platform presented here enables the development of antigen-boosted vaccines that are simple to produce and deliver, addressing many of the obstacles to vaccination against diarrheal diseases. This may also serve as a paradigm for the development of broadly protective biofilm-based vaccines against other mucosal infections. IMPORTANCE Diarrheal disease is the most common infection afflicting children worldwide. In resource-poor settings, these infections are correlated with cognitive delay, stunted growth, and premature death. With the development of efficacious, affordable, and easily administered vaccines, such infections could be prevented. While a major focus of research on biofilms has been their elimination, here we harness the bacterial biofilm to create a customizable platform for cost-effective, whole-cell mucosal vaccines that self-incorporate secreted protein antigens. We use this platform to develop a sublingually administered live-attenuated prototype vaccine based on Vibrio cholerae. This serves not only as a proof of concept for a multivalent vaccine against common bacterial enteric pathogens but also as a paradigm for vaccines utilizing other bacterial biofilms to target mucosal infections.
The ontological reappropriation of phronēsis

Ontology has been traditionally guided by sophia, a form of knowledge directed toward that which is eternal, permanent, necessary. This tradition finds an important early expression in the philosophical ontology of Aristotle. Yet in the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle's intense concern to do justice to the world of finite contingency leads him to develop a mode of knowledge, phronēsis, that implicitly challenges the hegemony of sophia and the economy of values on which it depends. Following in the tradition of the early Heidegger's recognition of the ontological significance of Aristotle's Ethics and of Gadamer's appropriation of phronēsis for hermeneutics, this article argues that an ontology guided by phronēsis is preferable to one governed by sophia. Specifically, it suggests that by taking sophia as its paradigm, traditional philosophical ontology has historically been determined by a kind of knowledge that is incapable of critically considering the concrete historico-ethico-political conditions of its own deployment. This critique of sophia is accomplished by uncovering the economy of values that led Aristotle to privilege sophia over phronēsis. It is intended to open up the possibility of developing an ontology of finite contingency based on phronēsis. Such an ontology, because it is guided by and must remain responsible to the concrete individual with which it is engaged, would be ethical at its very core.
Coordinating analytic and visual approaches: Math majors’ understanding of orthogonal Hermite polynomials in the inner product space ℙnℝ in a technology-assisted learning environment

Abstract The purpose of this research study was to understand how linear algebra students in a university in the United States make sense of the orthogonal Hermite polynomials as vectors of the inner product space ℙ n ℝ in a Dynamic Geometry Software (DGS) – MATLAB facilitated learning environment. Math majors came up with a diversity of innovative and creative ways in which they coordinated visual and analytic approaches (Zazkis, Dubinsky, & Dautermann, 1996) for visualizing inner products of Hermite polynomials along with other notions inherent in the inner product space, such as Triangle Inequality, Pythagorean Theorem, Parallelogram Law, Orthogonality and Orthonormality, Coordinates Relative to an Orthonormal Basis. Research participants not only produced such creative inner product space visualizations of the Hermite polynomials with the induced improper integral inner product 〈 f , g 〉 = ∫ − ∞ ∞ e − x 2 f ( x ) g ( x ) d x on the DGS, but they also verified their findings both analytically and visually in coordination. The paper concludes by offering pedagogical implications along with implications for mathematics teaching profession and recommendations for future research.
Measured Static and Rotordynamic Coefficient Results for a Rocker-Pivot, Tilting-Pad Bearing With 50 and 60% Offsets

Static and rotordynamic coefficients are measured for a rocker-pivot, tilting-pad journal bearing (TPJB) with 50 and 60% offset pads in a load-between-pad (LBP) configuration. The bearing uses leading-edge-groove direct lubrication and has the following characteristics: 5-pads, 101.6 mm (4.0 in) nominal diameter, .0814–.0837 mm (.0032–.0033 in) radial bearing clearance, .25 to .27 preload, and 60.325 mm (2.375 in) axial pad length. Tests were performed on a floating bearing test rig with unit loads from 0 to 3101 kPa (450 psi) and speeds from 7 to 16 krpm. Dynamic tests were conducted over a range of frequencies (20 to 320 Hz) to obtain complex dynamic stiffness coefficients as functions of excitation frequency. For most test conditions, the real dynamic stiffness functions were well fitted with a quadratic function with respect to frequency. This curve fit allowed for the stiffness frequency dependency to be captured by including an added mass matrix [M] to a conventional [K][C] model, yielding a frequency independent [K][C][M] model. The imaginary dynamic stiffness coefficients increased linearly with frequency, producing frequency-independent direct damping coefficients. Direct stiffness coefficients were larger for the 60% offset bearing at light unit loads. At high loads, the 50% offset configuration had a larger stiffness in the loaded direction, while the unloaded direct stiffness was approximately the same for both pivot offsets. Cross-coupled stiffness coefficients were positive and significantly smaller than direct stiffness coefficients. Negative direct added-mass coefficients were obtained for both offsets, especially in the unloaded direction. Cross-coupled added-mass coefficients are generally positive and of the same sign. Direct damping coefficients were mostly independent of load and speed, showing no appreciable difference between pivot offsets. Cross-coupled damping coefficients had the same sign and were much smaller than direct coefficients. Measured static eccentricities suggested cross-coupling stiffness exists for both pivot offsets, agreeing with dynamic measurements. Static stiffness measurements showed good agreement with the loaded, direct dynamic stiffness coefficients.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
A longitudinal study on deep brain stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle for treatment-resistant depression

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) to the superolateral branch of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) has been reported to lead to rapid antidepressant effects. In this longitudinal study, we expand upon the initial results we reported at 26 weeks (Fenoy et al., 2016), showing sustained antidepressant effects of MFB DBS on six patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) over 1 year. The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was used as the primary assessment tool. Deterministic fiber tracking was used to individually map the target area; analysis was performed to compare modulated fiber tracts between patients. Intraoperatively, upon stimulation at target, responders reported immediate increases in energy and motivation. An insertional effect was seen during the 4-week sham stimulation phase from baseline (28% mean MADRS reduction, p = 0.02). However, after 1 week of initiating stimulation, three of six patients had a > 50% decrease in MADRS scores relative to baseline (43% mean MADRS reduction, p = 0.005). One patient withdrew from study participation. At 52 weeks, four of remaining five patients have > 70% decrease in MADRS scores relative to baseline (73% mean MADRS reduction, p = 0.007). Evaluation of modulated fiber tracts reveals significant common orbitofrontal connectivity to the target region in all responders. Neuropsychological testing and 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose-positron emission tomography cerebral metabolism evaluations performed at baseline and at 52 weeks showed minimal changes and verified safety. This longitudinal evaluation of MFB DBS demonstrated rapid antidepressant effects, as initially reported by Schlaepfer et al. (2013), and supports the use of DBS for TRD.
Impact of e-liquid flavors on e-cigarette vaping behavior.

Abstract Objective The primary objective of this pilot study was to describe the impact of e-cigarette liquid flavors on experienced e-cigarette users’ vaping behavior. Methods 11 males and 3 females participated in a 3-day inpatient crossover study using e-cigarettes with strawberry, tobacco, and their usual brand e-liquid. Nicotine levels were nominally 18 mg/mL in the strawberry and tobacco e-liquids and ranged between 3–18 mg/mL in the usual brands. On each day, participants had access to the study e-cigarette (KangerTech mini ProTank 3, 1.5 Ohms, 3.7 V) and the assigned e-liquid during a 90-minute videotaped ad libitum session. Results Average puff duration was significantly longer when using the strawberry e-liquid (3.2 ± 1.3 s, mean ± SD) compared to the tobacco e-liquid (2.8 ± 1.1 s) but the average number of puffs was not significantly different (strawberry, 73 ± 35; tobacco, 69 ± 46). Compared to the strawberry- and tobacco-flavored e-liquids, average puff duration was significantly longer (4.3 ± 1.6 s) and the average number of puffs was significantly higher (106 ± 67 puffs) when participants used their usual brand of e-liquid. Participants generally puffed more frequently in small groups of puffs (1–5 puffs) with the strawberry compared to the tobacco e-liquid and more frequently in larger groups (>10 puffs) with their usual brand. The strength of the relationship between vaping topography and nicotine intake and exposure were not consistent across e-liquids. Conclusion Vaping behavior changes across e-liquids and influences nicotine intake. Research is needed to understand the mechanisms that underlie these behavioral changes, including e-liquid pH and related sensory effects, subjective liking, and nicotine effects.
Before Metabolism: Arachidonate as an Intracellular Second Messenger

Although our views on what an intracellular second messenger should be and how it should act have changed since cyclic AMP was discovered in the late 1950s, the set of experimental criteria originally proposed by Earl Sutherland to define a second messenger molecule are still applicable today. These criteria, listed in Table 3.1, are based on the definition of a second messenger as an endogenous molecule whose role is to transduce within a target cell the actions of a hormone, a neurotransmitter or any other extracellular signaling substance (i.e., a ‘first messenger’).
Empowering Nursing Students to Address Incivility

Abstract Background Nurses frequently face incivility. Nursing students are ill-prepared to cope with incivility in the workplace. Method This study evaluated nursing students' responses to a simulation activity focused on incivility. Students' anxiety and self-efficacy were measured before and after simulation. Results Prelicensure nursing students (n = 44) had a mean age of 22.73 years (SD = 5.32). Mean anxiety levels decreased from presimulation (M = 44.9) to postsimulation (M = 41.5) (t [36] = 1.69; p = .098). Similarly, the self-efficacy decreased from presimulation (M = 30.13) to postsimulation (M = 29.67) period (t [36] = 0.4, p = .69). In postsimulation reflections, 89% (n = 39) of students found the simulation beneficial. Conclusions Simulation provides students a safe environment to practice communication, resulting in increased student comfort and agency.
Design and Evaluation of the PosturSense Cushion

In recent history, the convention that adopting an ‘upright’ seated posture would decrease lumbar strain has shifted. The idea of dynamically varying seated posture is being considered as optimal for reducing lumbar strain and possibly lower back pain [1–2]. Thus, it would seem vital to design a device that helps alert users of the need to change their seated postures in workplace or study environments.Copyright © 2018 by ASME
Combined glia inhibition and opioid receptor agonism afford highly potent analgesics without tolerance

Commonly prescribed opioid analgesics produce tolerance upon chronic use due in part to induction of hyperalgesia. Given that two reported bivalent ligands (MMG22 and MCC22) produce potent antinociception without tolerance only in inflamed mice, we have investigated the possible cellular and receptor targets of these ligands. The selective microglia inhibitors, minocycline and SB290157, antagonized intrathecal (i.t.) MCC22 antinociception orders of magnitude more potently than MMG22, suggesting that MCC22 selectively targets activated microglia. The astrocyte toxin, l-α-aminoadipic acid antagonized MMG22 antinociception 126-fold without reducing the potency of MCC22, indicating that activated astrocytes are targets of MMG22. MK-801 and Ro25-6981 antagonism of MMG22 antinociception, but not MCC22, is consistent with selective inhibition of activated NMDAR in astrocytes. The antinociception produced by i.t. MMG22 or MCC22 were both antagonized by the selective mu opioid receptor antagonist, β-FNA, implicati...
Response inhibition and fronto-striatal-thalamic circuit dysfunction in cocaine addiction

Abstract Background Many studies have investigated how cognitive control may be compromised in cocaine addiction. Here, we extend this literature by employing spatial Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to describe circuit dysfunction in relation to impairment in response inhibition in cocaine addiction. Methods Fifty-five cocaine-dependent (CD) and 55 age- and sex-matched non-drug-using healthy control individuals (HC) participated in the study. Task-relatedness of 40 independent components (ICs) was assessed using multiple regression analyses of component time courses with the modeled time courses of hemodynamic activity convolved with go success (GS), stop success (SS) and stop error (SE). This procedure produced beta-weights that represented the degree to which each IC was temporally associated with, or ‘engaged’, by each task event. Results Behaviorally, CD participants showed prolonged stop signal reaction times (SSRTs) as compared to HC participants (p Conclusions This study highlights the utility of ICA in identifying neural circuitry engagement related to SST performance and suggests that specific networks may represent important targets in remedying executive-control impairment in cocaine addiction.
Family Court Survivor-Centered Practice: A Qualitative Study of Advocate-IPV Survivor Safety Planning Interactions

In supporting survivors of intimate partner violence navigate the criminal justice system, many agencies offer legal and/or court programs guided by an empowerment-based, survivor-centered approach. However, there is limited research examining survivor-centered practice in the context of court services. The goal of this study was to explore the specific skills and strategies used by one sample of family court advocates to conduct survivor-centered safety planning with survivors. Twenty-two recorded family court advocate-survivor sessions were qualitatively explored and survivor-centered strategies for safety planning were identified. Such strategies included open-ended exploration of risks and safety options, paraphrasing survivor-identified risks and safety plans, prioritizing immediate risks, understanding safety strategies and resources, exploring support systems, providing survivor-centered information, and discussing the pros and cons of safety options. Understanding specific skills and strategies that may be utilized by family court advocates can support the field in developing, implementing, training on, supervising, and evaluating survivor-centered approaches.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF RISK PREDICTION SCORES FOR SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH

Predicting sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the general population is challenging, however, recently several SCD risk scores have been proposed. We summarized the evidence on SCD risk scores in the general population and compared scores that used clinical variables to scores that used cardiovascular (
Chronic granulomatous pneumonia and lung rupture secondary to aspiration of activated charcoal in a French Bulldog

A 4-year-old, spayed female French Bulldog was presented for respiratory distress and suspected aspiration pneumonia after oral administration of activated charcoal for possible ingestion of a suspected toxic dose of trazodone. The patient had a moderate volume of pleural effusion, which contained free and intracellular black particulate matter consistent with charcoal. Due to presumed charcoal aspiration with subsequent lung rupture, the right middle and right caudal lung lobes were surgically removed. Histology revealed abundant black debris consistent with charcoal and severe granulomatous inflammation. Based on the clinical, gross, and histologic findings, a diagnosis of severe, chronic, locally extensive, aspiration pneumonia and lung rupture with secondary pleuritis and mediastinitis due to charcoal aspiration was made. Aspiration pneumonia is the main complication of activated charcoal administration, which can incite extensive, granulomatous inflammation in the respiratory tract. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing the cytologic and histologic findings associated with inadvertent charcoal aspiration in a veterinary species.
Mathematical modeling of mechanical and barrier properties of poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/thermoplastic starch based nanocomposites

Abstract In this study, mathematical modeling was used to investigate the influence of nanofiller nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) on the mechanical and barrier properties of the polymer matrix consisting of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and thermoplastic starch (TPS). The modified Halpin-Tsai equation was used to model the elastic modulus of the nanocomposites, while the modified Nielsen equation was used to model the water vapor permeability (WVP) as a function of nanofiller content, geometry, strength and interactions with polymer matrix. The theoretical predictions for modulus from the modified Halpin-Tsai model were close to the experimental results. This model predicted that the increase in aspect ratio and modulus of nanofiller leads to the increase in modulus of the nanocomposites. The experimental results of WVP were close to the theoretical predictions of modified Nielsen's model. This model predicted that the increase in aspect ratio and surface interaction of fillers with the polymer matrix leads to decrease in WVP. The theoretical predictions and experimental values show an increase in modulus and decrease in WVP with increase in nanofiller content. Therefore, these models could be used to understand the influence of more effective fillers on the mechanical and barrier properties of the nanocomposites.