cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Moderating Effects of Child-Perceived Parental Psychological Control on the Association between Functions of Aggression and Peer Victimization in Elementary School Children

The current study examined whether associations between functions of aggression (proactive and reactive) and peer victimization (physical and relational) were moderated by parental psychological control in a sample of elementary school-aged children. Analyses were based on a sample of 279 children in grades three through five. Data was collected in the fall and spring of a single academic year. Peer victimization was assessed through child- and teacher-report, and functions of aggression and parental psychological control were measured through child-report. Multiple group models, with student sex as the grouping variable, were estimated to address study hypotheses. Findings from multiple group path models revealed significant effects for boys only. For boys who reported a high level of parental psychological control, proactive aggression was a negative predictor of child-reported physical victimization. Additionally, parental psychological control moderated the association between boys’ reactive aggression and teacher-reported relational victimization. At low levels of parental psychological control, reactive aggression was a positive predictor of relational victimization whereas reactive aggression was a negative predictor of peer victimization at high levels of psychological control. Our results suggest that for boys who endorse a high level of parental psychological control, aggression is negatively associated with peer victimization. We argue that children who experience a high level of parental psychological control are more likely to apply those same strategies in their peer relationships, which makes them less likely to be targets of relational and physical victimization. This study helps inform our understanding of the role of parental psychological control in the relation between aggression and peer relationship difficulties.
Redistricting using Blockchain Network

Trust in the integrity of processes for congressional redistricting is crucial for the smooth functioning of democracies. Achieving universal consensus on the fairness and unbiasedness of plans is essential. We propose a novel framework of redistricting to enhance public participation in a redistricting process and bolster transparency in the process outcome. This framework is designed to support submitting a redistricting problem in a blockchain network, submit any number of districting plan for a redistricting problem, and evaluating the plans in the network. Moreover, the framework facilitate to choose the "best" of any number of independent redistricting plans, based on agreed-upon metrics like isoperimetric ratio, area moment, population moment, of the proposed districts, among others.
Impact of Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing in Gram-Negative Rod Bacteremia: a Quasi-experimental Study

ABSTRACT Clinical justification for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) in Gram-negative rod (GNR) bacteremia is compelling; however, evidence supporting its value is sparse. We investigated the impact of rapid AST on clinical and antimicrobial stewardship outcomes in real-world practice. We performed a before-and-after quasi-experimental study from February 2018 to July 2019 at a tertiary hospital of the 24-h/day, 7-day/week implementation of the direct Vitek 2 AST method from positive blood culture broth for GNR bacteremia with electronic isolate-specific de-escalation comments and daytime antibiotic stewardship program (ASP) intervention. The primary outcome was time to appropriate antibiotic escalation or de-escalation, and secondary outcomes included time to oral antibiotic stepdown, hospital length of stay (LOS), all-cause 30-day mortality, 7-day incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), and 30-day incidence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). A total of 671 GNR isolates were included from 643 adult patients. Among patients for whom antibiotic change occurred after rapid AST result, rapid AST was associated with a trend in decreased time to escalation or de-escalation (hazard ratio, 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99 to 1.51; P = 0.06), with median times of 52.3 versus 42.2 h. Secondary outcomes were similar in both groups and include median time to oral antibiotic stepdown, LOS, all-cause mortality, and incidence of AKI and CDI. Rapid AST led to improved stewardship measures but did not impact clinical patient outcomes. These results highlight that multiple variables in addition to the timing of the AST result contribute to clinical outcome and that further intervention may be required to clinically justify rapid AST implementation.
Spectral Energy Distribution fitting: Application to Lyα-emitting galaxies ☆

Abstract Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) fitting is a well-developed astrophysical tool that has recently been applied to high-redshift Lyα-emitting galaxies. If rest-frame ultraviolet through near-infrared photometry is available, it allows the simultaneous determination of the star formation history and dust extinction of a galaxy. Lyα-emitter SED fitting results from the literature find star formation rates ∼3 M⊙ yr−1, stellar masses ∼109 M⊙ for the general population but ∼1010 M⊙ for the subset detected by IRAC, and very low dust extinction, AV ⩽ 0.3, although a couple of outlying analyses prefer significantly more dust and higher intrinsic star formation rates. A checklist of 14 critical choices that must be made when performing SED fitting is discussed.
National decision-making for the introduction of new vaccines: A systematic review, 2010-2020.

Abstract Background Competing priorities make using a transparent and evidence-based approach important when deciding to recommend new vaccines. We conducted a literature review to document the processes and frameworks for national decision-making on new vaccine introductions and explored which key features have evolved since 2010. Methods We searched literature published on policymaking related to vaccine introduction from March 2010 to August 2020 in six databases. We screened articles for eligibility with the following exclusion criteria: non-human or hypothetical vaccines, the sole focus on economic evaluation or decision to adopt rather than policy decision-making. We employed nine broad categories of criteria from the 2012 review for categorization and abstracted data on the country, income level, vaccine, and other relevant criteria. Results Of the 3808 unique references screened, 116 met eligibility criteria and were classified as: a) framework of vaccine adoption decision-making (27), b) studies that analyse empirical data on or examples of vaccine adoption decision-making (45), c) theoretical and empirical articles that provide insights into the vaccine policymaking process (44 + 17 already included in the previous categories). Commonly reported criteria for decision-making were the burden of disease; vaccine efficacy/effectiveness, safety; impact on health and non-health outcomes; economic evaluation and cost-effectiveness of alternative interventions. Programmatic and acceptability aspects were not as often considered. Most (50; 82%) of the 61 articles describing the process of vaccine introduction policymaking highlighted the role of country, regional, or global evidence-informed recommendations and a robust national governance as enabling factors for vaccine adoption. Conclusions The literature on vaccine adoption decision-making has expanded since 2010. We found that policymakers and expert advisory committee members (e.g., National Immunization Technical Advisory Group [NITAG]) increasingly value the interventions based on economic evaluations. The results of this review could guide discussions on evidence-informed immunization decision-making among country, sub-regional, and regional stakeholders.
Cardiovascular risk and midlife cognitive decline in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation

Introduction Cardiovascular risk factors in midlife have been linked to late life risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). The relation of vascular risk factors on cognitive decline within midlife has been less studied. Methods Using data from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, we examined associations of midlife hypertension, elevated lipid levels, diabetes, fasting glucose, central adiposity, and Framingham heart age with rates of cognitive decline in women who completed multiple cognitive assessments of processing speed, and working and verbal memory during midlife. Results Diabetes, elevated fasting glucose, central obesity, and heart age greater than chronological age were associated with rate of decline in processing speed during midlife. Vascular risk factors were not related to rate of decline in working or verbal memory. Discussion Midlife may be a critical period for intervening on cardiovascular risk factors to prevent or delay later life cognitive impairment and ADRD.
Efficient reduced order model for heat transfer in a battery pack of an electric vehicle

Abstract Thermal management systems of battery packs of electrical/hybrid electric vehicles play an important role in maintaining performance and longevity of battery cells. In order to optimize the thermal management system design, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is commonly used to accurately predict the thermal behavior of the system. However, the significant computational expense of CFD modeling means that its use for online predictive control and fast optimization design is infeasible. This paper presents the method of overcoming the obstacle via use of reduced-order models, which accurately approximate transient CFD solutions of conjugate heat transfer problems by solutions of strongly reduced (not more than a few tens of degrees of freedom) systems of differential equations. Algorithms for development of reduced-order models based on projection onto the Krylov subspace are presented for both single-input and multiple-input cases. The algorithms do not require access to the discretized equation matrix, which is usually inaccessible in a commercial CFD software. The reduced-order models are verified via comparison with full-order CFD simulations for a series of transient heat inputs. The comparison shows a reduction by a factor of about 1 0 3 in computational time without a significant loss of accuracy.
Family Stool Donation Predicts Failure of Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Clostridioides Difficile Infection

Abstract Background and Aims Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) via colonoscopy is highly effective treatment for Clostridioides Difficile infection (CDI). We aimed to determine baseline patient characteristics that predict failure to respond to colonoscopy-based FMT. Methods We evaluated adult patients who received FMT for CDI not responding to standard therapies at a single tertiary center between 2014-2018 in this retrospective cohort study. We defined clinical success as formed stool or C. difficile-negative diarrhea at two months following FMT. If patients required a second FMT, follow-up was extended two months post repeat infusion. We performed multivariate logistic regression and a random forest model to identify variables predictive of response to FMT. Results Clinical success was attained in 87.3% of 103 patients who underwent FMT for CDI. In the multivariate model, the odds of FMT failure for family donation compared to stool bank was OR 4.13 (1.00-7.01 p=.049). Diarrhea while taking anti-CDI antibiotics was common (37.8% of patients) and did not predict failure (OR 0.64, 0.19-2.11 p=.46) in the univariate model. A machine learning model to predict response using clinical factors only achieved a sensitivity of 70%, specificity of 77%, and negative predictive value of 96%. Conclusion Colonoscopy-based FMT was highly effective for CDI, even in a population where immunosuppression and proton pump inhibitor use were common. Family stool donation was associated with FMT failure, compared to use of a stool bank. The study suggests that the use of a stool bank may not only improve access to FMT but also its efficacy.
Reply to “Comment on “Tracing the origins of the Lamont Observatory”rdquo; An added perspective on the development of the “B.T.”

Columbus Iselin indeed was the first person convinced that the temperature must have an effect on sound propagation that would have military implications. He had organized experiments for a number of intensity range runs made in the Caribbean between U.S.S. Semmes and Atlantis in 1938 under many conditions. He also had temperature-depth-salinity measurements recorded simultaneously at each location. The interpretation of the results was unclear.
IL-10 Inhibits FcεRI Expression in Mouse Mast Cells

FceRI expression and function is a central aspect of allergic disease. Using bone marrow-derived mouse mast cell populations, we have previously shown that the Th2 cytokine IL-4 inhibits FceRI expression and function. In the current study we show that the Th2 cytokine IL-10 has similar regulatory properties, and that it augments the inhibitory effects of IL-4. FceRI down-regulation was functionally significant, as it diminished inflammatory cytokine production and IgE-mediated FceRI up-regulation. IL-10 and IL-4 reduced FceRI β protein expression without altering the α or γ subunits. The ability of IL-4 and IL-10 to alter FceRI expression by targeting the β-chain, a critical receptor subunit known to modulate receptor expression and signaling, suggests the presence of a Th2 cytokine-mediated homeostatic network that could serve to both initiate and limit mast cell effector function.
Solar Sail: Materials and Space Environmental Effects

Theoretical aspects of a solar sail material degradation are presented when the solar electromagnetic and corpuscular forms of radiation were considered as sources of degradation. The analysis of the interaction of two components of solar radiation, the electromagnetic radiation and radiation of low- and high-energy electrons, protons, and helium ions emitted by the Sun with the solar-sail materials is discussed. The physical processes of the interactions of photons, electrons, protons and α-particles with sail material atoms and nuclei, leading to the degradation and ionization of solar sail materials are analyzed. The dependence of reflectivity and absorption for solar sail materials on temperature and on wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum of solar radiation is investigated.
Mems manufacturing testing: an accelerometer case study

Electrical testing of MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) can take on many different forms including wafer probing, electrical trimming, final test at temperatures, engineering characterization, and reliability evaluations. MEMS testing has had limited visibility in literature from companies that have successfully industrialized applications such as pressure sensors and accelerometers. This limited visibility is not an indication of the importance of this topic that represents a significant portion of the overall cost, rather it is more likely and indication custom nature of test for MEMS. This paper presents a case study that addresses the issues associated with MEMS testing of accelerometer devices and an effective solution based on a system approach.
A hierarchical stochastic model for automatic prediction of prosodic boundary location

Prosodic phrase structure provides important information for the understanding and naturalness of synthetic speech, and a good model of prosodic phrases has applications in both speech synthesis and speech understanding. This work describes a statistical model of an embedded hierarchy of prosodic phrase structure, motivated by results in linguistic theory. Each level of the hierarchy is modeled as a sequence of subunits at the next level, with the lowest level of the hierarchy representing factors such as syntactic branching and prosodic constituent length using a binary tree classification. A maximum likelihood solution for parameter estimation is presented, allowing automatic training of different speaking styles. For predicting prosodic phrase breaks from text, a dynamic programming algorithm is given for finding the maximum probability prosodic parse. Experimental results on a corpus of radio news demonstrate a high rate of success for predicting major and minor phrase boundaries from text without syntactic information (81% correct prediction with 4% false prediction).
Repeatability of Real World Training Experiments: A Case Study

We present a case study of reinforcement learning on a real robot that learns how to back up a trailer and discuss the lessons learned about the importance of proper experimental procedure and design. We identify areas of particular concern to the experimental robotics community at large. In particular, we address concerns pertinent to robotics simulation research, implementing learning algorithms on real robotic hardware, and the difficulties involved with transferring research between the two.
Resonant Atom Traps for Electromagnetic Waves

Exitation of atomic levels due to interaction with electromagnetic waves has been the subject of numerous works, both experimental and theoretical. This topic became of interest in accelerator physics in relation to high efficiency charge exchange injection into rings for high beam power applications. Taking equations of resonant atom-wave interaction equations as a basis, this paper shows that there exist some interesting phenomena which lead to the existence of trapped electomagnetic waves (photon traps) in a medium that consists of atoms with transition frequencies in proximity to the wave frequency. These traps may exist in random and periodic lattices, and may have very low loss rate. The atomic medium can serve as an excellent wavegiude or tool to form and transmit electromagnetic waves for applications to accelerators and to electromagnetic devices in general, where high pressure gas use is acceptable. In addition, such traps in gases may accumulate substantial energy for a long period of time, leading to the possibility of creating objects similar (or equivalent) to ball lightning.
iPhone application development across the curriculum

Apple Inc. released the iPhone in 2007. Several courses in a typical computer science curriculum can take advantage of the popular mobile device within the context of traditional computer science topics. In this paper, we explore how developing iPhone applications and using the novel mobile device as a case study can excite students throughout the curriculum.
Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network: Design, methods and recruitment experience

The Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network (SCRN) has conducted a multisite, population-based, case-control study, with prospective enrollment of stillbirths and livebirths at the time of delivery. This paper describes the general design, methods and recruitment experience. The SCRN attempted to enroll all stillbirths and a representative sample of livebirths occurring to residents of pre-defined geographical catchment areas delivering at 59 hospitals associated with five clinical sites. Livebirths <32 weeks gestation and women of African descent were oversampled. The recruitment hospitals were chosen to ensure access to at least 90% of all stillbirths and livebirths to residents of the catchment areas. Participants underwent a standardised protocol including maternal interview, medical record abstraction, placental pathology, biospecimen testing and, in stillbirths, post-mortem examination. Recruitment began in March 2006 and was completed in September 2008 with 663 women with a stillbirth and 1932 women with a livebirth enrolled, representing 69% and 63%, respectively, of the women identified. Additional surveillance for stillbirths continued until June 2009 and a follow-up of the case-control study participants was completed in December 2009. Among consenting women, there were high consent rates for the various study components. For the women with stillbirths, 95% agreed to a maternal interview, chart abstraction and a placental pathological examination; 91% of the women with a livebirth agreed to all of these components. Additionally, 84% of the women with stillbirths agreed to a fetal post-mortem examination. This comprehensive study is poised to systematically study a wide range of potential causes of, and risk factors for, stillbirths and to better understand the scope and incidence of the problem.
Breast cancer and artificial menopause: a cohort study.

A brief review of the literature during the last 50 years suggests that women who undergo artificially induced menopause have a reduced risk of developing cancer of the breast in later life. The study is prospective in that cohorts of women were followed through records from the time of induction on menopause for 20-40 years to determine the incidence of and mortality from breast cancer. The cohorts selected for study included patients 55 years of age or younger at some time during 1920-1940 when they were seen in the Boston area at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital or the Free Hospital for Women. The 3 major classes in the study were natural menopause (1479) artificial menopause (benign conditions 6908) and gynecologic malignancies (radiation and/or surgery 750). Artificial menopause was induced through hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy (3241) partial surgery (retention of at least 1 intact ovary 2149) or radiation (primarily to destroy endometrium 1518). Through hospital and state records the patients were followed from their admissions through December 31 1961. Artificial menopause was found to have a significant protective effect against breast cancer if achieved before age 40 with the removal of both ovaries (women with hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy). Apparently a singly functioning ovary provides enough estrogens and progesterone to maintain a normal hormonal environment. Women who underwent hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy before age 40 were found to have had a chance of developing breast cancer 1/4 of the chance of women in control cohorts (women who underwent cholecystectomy who made up most of natural-menopause group; partial-surgery group). Pelvic irradiation may give some protection against the development of breast cancer. No unusual breast cancer rates (incidence and mortality) occurred for the women with pelvic malignancies which were studied independently of the other cases.
Safety of Modified Coronal Approach with Dissection Deep to Temporalis Fascia for Facial Nerve Preservation

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety of a modified coronal approach to the upper craniofacial skeleton with dissection deep to the temporalis fascia for enhanced preservation of the frontal branch of the facial nerve.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary academic medical center.Subjects and MethodsIn total, 271 patients undergoing coronal flap approaches to the upper craniofacial skeleton by a single surgeon from January 2008 through December 2013 were included. Primary outcomes are temporary or permanent weakness of the frontal branch of the facial nerve as well as the incidence of temporal hollowing following surgery. Secondary outcomes include the presence of postoperative hematoma, seroma, infection, scarring, and alopecia.ResultsThere were no cases involving either temporary or permanent facial nerve weakness. The incidence of other postoperative complications was also exceedingly low, including a hematoma rate of less than 1%, widened scarring in 2.6% of patients, and no cases of clin...
29Si NMR study of the initial stage of the sol-gel process under high pressure

Abstract High-resolution 29NMR spectroscopy has been employed to investigate the role of pressure on the polymerization kinetics of sol-gel processes. The time evolution of the Si(OCH3)4 condensation process subsequent to hydrolysis has been monitored as a function of pressure from 1 bar to 5 kbar. It has been shown that high pressures have a dramatic accelerating affect on the condensation rate, but do not alter the mechanism via which the polycondensation reaction proceeds. The extent of the condensation rate enhancement has been quantitatively evaluated using kinetic principles. Transition state theory has been employed to provide a detailed mechanism based on activated volumes for the pressure induced acceleration of the gelation process. In order to ensure that the accelerated kinetics under pressure do not originate from associated pH changes, but rather from volume contraction effects, an experimental comparison had been sought between changes produced by pressure and by pH separately. The results confirm our interpretation.
Sensitivity Studies in vitro with Histoplasma capsulatum to Various Potential Therapeutic Agents

SummaryHistoplasma capsulatum isolated from an infant who succumbed to the infection was tested in vitro in the yeast phase to various substances known to be harmful to certain protoplasmic structures. The test materials were gamma benzine hexaehloride, delta benzine hexaehloride, quinine bisulfate, atabrine, emetine, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate, aminopterin, para-aminosalicylic acid, urethane and ethyl vanillate. Growth was inhibited by ethyl vanillate in concentrations therapeutically attainable in man.
High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of nanomole levels of glutathione, glutathione disulfide, and related thiols and disulfides.

A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method for determination of nanomole levels of glutathione, glutathione disulfide, cysteine glutathione-mixed disulfide and 20 related sulfur-containing amino acids or their derivatives has been described. The procedure is based upon the initial formation of S-carboxymethyl derivatives of free thiols with iodoacetic acid followed by conversion of free amino groups to 2,4-dinitrophenyl derivatives by reaction with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Chromatography of the reaction mixture without sample isolation is on a 3-aminopropylsilane derivatized silica column and elution with a sodium or ammonium acetate gradient in a water-methanol-acetic acid solvent at pH 4.5. Determination of nanomole levels of glutathione, glutathione disulfide, and cysteine glutathione-mixed disulfide in biological samples is described.
Geographic variation in hospice use prior to death.

OBJECTIVES: To examine national variation in use of the Medicare hospice benefit by older individuals before their death, and to identify individual characteristics and local market factors associated with hospice use. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of Medicare administrative data. SETTING: Hospice care. PARTICIPANTS: Older Medicare enrollees who died in 1996. MEASUREMENTS: Rate of hospice use per 1000 older Medicare beneficiary deaths. RESULTS: Overall, 155 of every 1000 older Medicare beneficiaries who die use hospice before death. This rate is significantly higher among younger older persons (P < .001), non-blacks (P < .001), persons living in wealthier areas (P < .001), and persons in urban areas (P < .001). Areas with a higher proportion of non-cancer diagnoses among hospice users have higher rates of hospice use for both cancer and non-cancer reasons than areas with a majority of hospice users having cancer diagnoses (P < .001). Hospice use is higher in areas with fewer hospital beds per capita (P < .001), areas with lower in-hospital death rates (P < .001), and areas with higher HMO enrollment (P < .001). Rates of hospice use are also positively related to average reimbursements for health care (P < .001) and to physicians per capita (P < .001). In the largest metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), rates of hospice use vary more than 11-fold from a low of 35.15 (Portland, ME) to a high of 397.2 per 1000 deaths (Ft. Lauderdale, FL). CONCLUSIONS: The wide variation in hospice use suggests that there is great potential to increase the number of users of the Medicare hospice benefit.
Two algorithms for nearest-neighbor search in high dimensions

Representing data as points in a high-dimensional space, so as to use geometric methods for indexing, is an algorithmic technique with a wide array of uses. It is central to a number of areas such as information retrieval, pattern recognition, and statistical data analysis; many of the problems arising in these applications can involve several hundred or several thousand dimensions. We consider the nearest-neighbor problem for d-dimensional Euclidean space: we wish to pre-process a database of n points so that given a query point, one can efficiently determine its nearest neighbors in the database. There is a large literature on algorithms for this problem, in both the exact and approximate cases. The more sophisticated algorithms typically achieve a query time that is logarithmic in n at the expense of an exponential dependence on the dimension d; indeed, even the averagecase analysis of heuristics such as k-d trees reveals an exponential dependence on d in the query time. In this work, we develop a new approach to the nearest-neighbor problem, based on a method for combining randomly chosen one-dimensional projections of the underlying point set. From this, we obtain the following two results. (i) An algorithm for finding e-approximate nearest neighbors with a query time of O((d log d)(d + log n)). (ii) An e-approximate nearest-neighbor algorithm with near-linear storage and a query time that improves asymptotically on linear search in all dimensions. ∗Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853. Email: kleinber@cs.cornell.edu. This work was performed in large part while on leave at the IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose CA 95120. The author is currently supported by an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship and by NSF Faculty Early Career Development Award CCR-9701399.
Insulinlike growth factors in patients with active nephrotic syndrome.

• The serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and IGF-2) were measured by specific radioimmunoassays in 25 nephrotic patients. The serum concentration of IGF-1 in nephrotic patients (mean±SEM, 169±17 ng/mL) was significantly lower than that observed in 20 control subjects matched for sex and age (338±36 ng/mL). The IGF-2 serum concentration was significantly lower in nephrotic patients (343 ±22 ng/mL) than in control subjects (898±80 ng/mL). The IGF-1 and IGF-2 150-kd and 45-kd carrier protein complexes were found in the urine of nephrotic patients, whereas there was no binding of radiolabeled IGF-1 or IGF-2 to IGF carrier proteins in the urine of control subjects. The low serum IGF-1 and IGF-2 levels observed in nephrotic patients could be partially due to the increased urinary losses of the IGF carrier proteins. ( AJDC . 1989;143:865-867)
The Physiological Control of Judgments of Duration: Evidence for a Chemical Clock

Resume Les judgments des courtes durees varient selon la tempeature interne du corps et il semble qu'on puisse les decrire par l'equation d'Arrhenius dans la rangee de 3,2° C. Une temperature caracteristique de 24,000 calories se trouve pour mes donnees et pour celles de Francois. Ces groupes de donnees ont ete independamment trouves en employant des processus experimentaux differents. On suggere que les jugements de la duree dependent de la velocite d'une reaction chimique particuliere (chronametre) dans le systeme nerveux, laquelle ne se renverse pas probablement et est catalysee d'une maniere speciale qui correspond a μ=24,000 calories. L'activite sensorielle motrice accroit, paraǐt-il, la vitesse absolue du chronometre chimique sans changer la valeur de μ. L'effet de la temperature sur le sens du temps se montre tres semblable a son effet sur certains processus de l'origine nerveuse centrale chez les animaux de sang froid. On a trouve que l'activite motrice modifie ces processus d'une maniere qui ress...
Plasmid Reference Center Registry of transposon(Tn) and insertion sequence (IS) allocations through December 1986.

Abstract The current entries of transposable genetic elements (both Tn and IS) filed with the Plasmid Reference Center are tabulated. These include Tn entries 3601–4550 [entries 1–3600 are listed in Lederberg, Gene 16 (1981) 59–61 and 18 (1982) 366] and all the filed IS entries.
Suicide attempts in a longitudinal sample of adolescents followed through adulthood: evidence of escalation

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to examine escalation in repeat suicide attempts from adolescence through adulthood, as predicted by sensitization models (and reflected in increasing intent and lethality with repeat attempts, decreasing amount of time between attempts, and decreasing stress to trigger attempts). METHOD: In a prospective study of 180 adolescents followed through adulthood after a psychiatric hospitalization, suicide attempts, and antecedent life events were repeatedly assessed (M = 12.6 assessments, SD = 5.1) over an average of 13 years 6 months (SD = 4 years 5 months). Multivariate logistic, multiple linear, and negative binomial regression models were used to examine patterns over time. RESULTS: After age 17-18, the majority of suicide attempts were repeat attempts (i.e., made by individuals with prior suicidal behavior). Intent increased both with increasing age, and with number of prior attempts. Medical lethality increased as a function of age but not recurrent attempts. The time between successive suicide attempts decreased as a function of number of attempts. The amount of precipitating life stress was not related to attempts. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents and young adults show evidence of escalation of recurrent suicidal behavior, with increasing suicidal intent and decreasing time between successive attempts. However, evidence that sensitization processes account for this escalation was inconclusive. Effective prevention programs that reduce the likelihood of individuals attempting suicide for the first time (and entering this cycle of escalation), and relapse prevention interventions that interrupt the cycle of escalating suicidal behavior among individuals who already have made attempts are critically needed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
Tip Transformation in Tetrahymena: A Morphogenetic Response to Interactions Between Mating Types*

SYNOPSIS. In Tetrahymena thermophila subline B, a morphogenic alteration of the anterior end of cells of mating types III and VII results from a cellular interaction which precedes and is a prerequisite for pairing. Cell pairing begins 1 h after starved cells of complementary mating type are mixed. The 1 h-long lag period is characterized by an actinomycin D-sensitive inductive interaction in the first 30 min, followed by a maturation period. Tip transformation begins during the maturation period and continues after pairing. Scanning electron microscopy of deciliated cells reveals ridges which form a chevron meeting in a midline seam between the oral apparatus and the anterior tip. During transformation, the seam broadens until the ridged surface is completely smooth. Melding of the ridges also occurs at the tip of the cell resulting in its blunted appearance. Cells of complementary mating types join in the region of this modified surface, which eventually becomes a specialized cell junction perforated by cytoplasmic bridges. Thus, pursuant to an inductive interaction the structure of the tip of cells is modified in anticipation of the pairing event. Rate of cell pairing might be limited by rate of tip transformation.
Streptomycin: Separation of polysomal and non-polysomal messenger ribonucleoproteins

In the presence of 0.02 M streptomycin, all of the polysomes precipitate from male cricket (Acheta domesticus) accessory gland and chick embryonic tissue post-mitochondrial fractions. All non-polysomal messenger-like ribonucleoprotein preparations tested remain in solution.
Parent participation in thepostanesthesia care unit: Fourteen years of progress at one hospital

Parent participation in postanesthesia nursing practice was instituted in1983 at Boston's Children's Hospital as part of a continuing emphasis on family participation in the care of hospitalized children throughout the hospital. This report describes the evolution and implementation of this practice. The success of this program is supported by data from quality improvement monitors of the comfort levels of PACU patients before and after their parents were invited to the, bedside. Quality improvement monitors of parent satisfaction with involvement in their child's care were also conducted. Nursing examplars illustrate parental and nursing responses to this program.
Die Umwandlung von Penicillinen in Cephalosporine. Modifikationen von Antibiotika, 3. Mitteilung

A new method for the degradation of the thiazolidine ring in penicillins is described. Penicillin V (8a), penicillin G (8b) and 6-t-butoxycarbonylaminopenicillanic acid (33) (BOC-6-APA) were converted via their acylazides and isocyanates (10 and 34) into 2,2,2-trichloroethyl urethanes (11 and 35). Reductive removal of the trichloroethoxycarbonyl groups in an aqueous medium gave the 3-hydroxy-penam-derivatives 13 and 36. The structure and various reactions of these carbinolamides are discussed in detail. An oxidative radical fragmentation (using lead tetraacylates and light) followed by thermal treatment transformed the 3-hydroxy-penam-derivatives into the N-formyl-β-lactam-thio-enolethers 27 and 37 in which the formyl group could be replaced by hydrogen. Reactions of the β-lactam and thio-enolether functions are described. The BOC-derivative 37 can be transformed into the isomeric compound 3, an intermediate in Woodward's total synthesis of cephalosporins.
Spatiotemporal relationship between seizure activity and interictal spikes in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Abstract Purpose: To analyze the spatio-temporal relationship between seizure propagation and interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) in patients with bitemporal epilepsy. Methods: We investigated 18 adult patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who had undergone continuos video-EEG monitoring during presurgical evaluation. Only those patients were selected who had independent IEDs over both temporal lobes. Two authors evaluated the ictal and interictal EEG data independently. Results: We analyzed 52 lateralized seizures of 18 patients. Thirty-one seizures showed ipsilateral seizure spread exclusively, whereas in 21 seizures the contralateral hemisphere was also involved. In lateralized seizures without contralateral propagation, we found that spikes ipsilateral to the seizure onset occurred postictally in a greater ratio than preictally ( P with contralateral propagation, we found no significant changes in the postictal spike distribution. Conclusions: Our findings showed that the lateralization of IEDs may depend on the brain areas involved by the preceding seizures, suggesting that spikes can be influenced by the seizure activity, and are not independent signs of epileptogenicity.
Supporting Child Welfare and Parent Involvement in Preschool Programs

This article discusses the findings from a mixed-method study examining the relationship between social resources and levels of parent involvement in state-funded preschool programs in Illinois. Using survey data from the Illinois Birth to Five Evaluation (n = 843) and interviews with ten preschool administrators who completed the survey, the study found the number of social resources provided by a program was positively associated with levels of parent involvement. The correlation analysis (r = −0.22, p = .0001) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) F(2,708) = 23.19, p = .0001 findings both demonstrated positive relationships wherein high numbers of social resources were associated with higher levels of parent involvement in programs. Administrator interviews confirmed survey findings and suggested additional influences on parent involvement levels and use of social resources in programs. Implications for supporting child welfare and policy recommendations for early childhood programs are provided.
Seasonal diurnal acid rhythms in two aquatic crassulacean acid metabolism plants.

The diurnal change in titrable acidity in two aquatic CAM plants, Littorella uniflora var. americana (Fern.) Gl. and Isoetes macrospora Duriev., growing at two sites, was monitored at biweekly intervals for two years during the ice-free period. Both plants exhibited the classic pattern of CAM acitivity, with deacidification 60 to 90% complete by noon. The maximum diurnal acid rhythms observed were 169±7, and 154±20 μeq·g-1 fresh weight for the two Littorella populations, and 182±9 and 133±16 μeq·g-1 fresh weight for the two Isoetes populations. The seasonal pattern of the diurnal acid rhythm was correlated with temperature and light. The maximum activity occurred in midsummer, with negligible activity under ice cover. This pattern was similar to that of terrestrial CAM plants from non-arid environments. Comparison of CAM activity for populations of the same species indicates that the magnitude of CAM activity is closely related to plant productivity, and appears to be related to light and perhaps CO2 availability. In these plants, CAM extends the diel period of carbon accumulation and contributes 40 to 50% of the annual carbon gain. The prolonged period of carbon acquisition and effective conservation of respired CO2 via CAM is of paramount importance in the growth and productivity of these plants in oligotrophic environments.
Analysis of communication of uncertainty in genetic counseling patient letters for design of a natural language generation system

The GenIE (Genetics Information Expression) Assistant is a proof-of-concept computer system designed to assist healthcare providers by creating editable first drafts of genetic counseling patient letters. Due to the wide range of genetic conditions to be covered and the rapid growth of knowledge in genomic medicine, it would not be feasible to have human experts to pre-author all possible text that might be needed. Thus, our approach has been to develop techniques for natural language generation of patient letters. To gain insight for the design of the system, a corpus of genetic counseling patient letters was studied. This article describes the methods used to analyze expressions of uncertainty in the corpus, some results of that analysis, and its implications for natural language generation.
Lifting Group Representations to Maximal Cohen–Macaulay Representations

Abstract Auslander announced the following result: if R is a complete local Gorenstein ring then every finitely generated R -module has a minimal (in the sense of 4 maximal Cohen–Macaulay approximation. In this paper we give a non-commutative version of Auslander's result and, in particular, show that if R is as above and if G is a finite group then any finitely generated representation of G over R has a lifting to a representation in a maximal Cohen–Macaulay module with properties analogous to those of Auslander's approximations. When G is trivial, we recover Auslander's approximations. We use such a lifting to construct what we call generalized Teichmuller invariants. These will be given by a canonical embedding of GL n ( Z /( p )) into GL m ( caron p ) (for some m ≥ n ) where p is a prime when n = 1, m will be 1, and we get the usual Teichmuller section Z /( p )* → Z * p . Our proof has three ingredients. These are a version of 3 (see Corollaries 5.4 and 6.4), our result guaranteeing the existence of Gorenstein injective envelopes 7 Theorem 6.1] and a duality for non-commutative rings which generalizes Matlis duality.
Freight Data Assembling and Modeling: Methodologies and Practice

In comparison to personal travel, freight movements within large metropolitan areas are much less studied. Most conventional transportation models and planning analysis that disregarded freight flows have been criticized on the plausibility of their results and conclusions. To alleviate these problems, this study proposes a non-survey based approach to assemble and process freight data in a systematic way. A freight origin–destination (OD) matrix of freight flows can be developed using secondary data sources. The estimated freight flows can be loaded together with conventional passenger flows onto the regional highway network of a large metropolitan area. As a case study, this non-survey based approach was applied to build a freight OD and study the traffic flows in Los Angeles. It concluded that this approach can be used to analyze urban freight movement in a low-cost way in which planning agencies can overcome the common omission of freight flow information in their transportation plans.
Isolation of proline and hydroxyproline from fossil bone

Abstract We describe a simple and rapid procedure for the isolation of proline and hydroxyproline from fossil bone based on the isolation of gelatin, hydrolysis, purification with XAD-2, deamination of primary amino acids with aqua regia, and separation of the imino acids by cation exchange chromatography. This procedure will provide material for accurate bone carbon dating, and stable carbon isotope ratio determination for the evaluation of paleodiets.
Dynamics of a Cantilever Electrode Beam on a Vibrating Base

Vibration of a simple uniform Bernoulli-Euler cantilever beam attached to a rigid base vibrating in a direction perpendicular to the beam is studied both analytically and experimentally. The objective is to study electrode deflection in electrostatic precipitators, with emphasis on the interaction of the vibrating electrode with the ambient fluid. The analytical solution can be used to find reliable estimates of the maximum vibration amplitude of the electrodes, which is a primary cause of detrimental sparking of the electrodes. An experimental system was built to validate the analytical results and to investigate the importance of the beam interaction with the ambient air/fluid medium — which is often overlooked in most of the existing analytical models. The results demonstrate that the drag effect of the ambient air can change the characteristics of the vibration significantly, thereby limiting the applicability of the analytical or numerical results.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
A method for detecting damage-induced nonlinearities in structures using information theory

Abstract In this work a new approach is presented for detecting the presence of damage-induced nonlinearities in structures from measurements of structural dynamics. Two different information-theoretic (IT) measures, the time-delayed mutual information and the time-delayed transfer entropy are used to provide a probabilistic measure of the coupling between structural components. These measures may be used to capture both linear and nonlinear relationships among time-series data. The formula for both quantities is derived for a linear, five degree-of-freedom system subject to Gaussian excitation. An algorithm is then described for computing the IT metrics from time-series data and results are shown to agree with theory. We then show that as the coupling between the structure's components changes from linear to nonlinear the “information flow” can be used to indicate the degree of nonlinearity. Deviations from a linear model are quantified statistically by generating surrogate data sets that, by construction, possess only linear (second-order) correlations. We then apply the proposed algorithms to both the original data and the surrogates. Differences in the results are shown to be proportional to the degree of nonlinearity. This result is shown to be independent of global changes in stiffness and is therefore unaffected by certain models of environmental variability. Furthermore, the method provides an absolute measure of nonlinearity and therefore does not require a baseline data set for making comparisons. This approach is discussed in the context of structural health monitoring where damage is often associated with structural nonlinearity.