cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Incorporation of Friction Interfaces in a Non-Linear, Finite Element Model of a Plated Long Bone

In recent years much attention has been focused on the problem of refracture after the removal of internal fixation plates. Two concepts that have been implicated as contributory causes of cortical bone osteopenia or thinning which may result in refracture are: 1) mechanical stress shielding; and 2) vascular insufficiency. The first of these two possibilities has received considerable attention and is the focus of the present study.
The dilemma of dialect in the classroom: pro and contra

L'A. examine la question de l'utilisation du dialecte des eleves dans la salle de classe et dans le cas particulier ou l'education bilingue se fait avec des locuteurs parlant chicano. La question est examinee plus sous l'aspect du choix de la langue que sous l'aspect cognitif de l'acquisition de la langue
The problem of aliasing in inferring long-range air pollution transport to Mauna Loa, Hawaii

Choice of sampling strategy or criteria for selection of aerosol concentration data from a time series record can lead to errors in estimating periodic regularities because of aliasing. By means of an example from Mauna Loa Observatory during spring dust transport from Asia, it is shown that the detection of possible transport of pollution S across the Pacific to Hawaii could be missed through inadvertent aliasing errors.
An Overview of Anticancer Herbal Medicines

The use of medicinal plants to help sustain good health and vitality and to reduce inflammation has an ancient and respected history. Approximately 38% of American adults are using some form of complementary and alternative medicine, resulting in $ 34 billion dollars spent annually. Herbal medicine compositions offer a potential advantage in that they usually comprise multiple components that interact and act simultaneously through multiple molecular targets and signaling pathways. These complex and often synergistic botanicals may also decrease toxicity and increase bioavailability and offer potential as strategies for cancer management. The quality and content of the active supplement depends on collection, processing and composition of the raw material and extraction procedures. In addition, despite evidence for usefulness of complex mixtures in cell culture and pre-clinical animal models, there is no formal regulation of natural supplements by the United States Food and Drug Administration, however, which creates conflict in the medical community, resulting in reluctance to recommend the use of herbals and alternative medicines for patient care. Clinicians should be aware of these alternatives given their future potential in oncology and a potential role in treatment when standard medical cures and treatment have been attempted and there are no clinical trials available to patients with advanced disease. Further investigation and clinical trials should focus on natural herbs and medicines in the chemo-prevention of chronic diseases and certain cancers. The advantages and limitations of potential use of various natural products into mainstream medical practice are discussed.
They’re good blogs, Brent: (Mostly) painless branding for information professionals

ABSTRACTSocial media is a powerful tool for building an online presence, but it asks a lot. While it affords plentiful opportunities for professional development and networking, building a professi...
Prevalence and survival of smoldering multiple myeloma in the US: Analysis using a national dataset.

8035Background: Epidemiologic studies of smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) are not available due to the lack of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes specific for smoldering status. ...
Not all Who Wander are Lost: A/r/tographic Walking as Contemplative Inquiry

This essay explores the relationship between walking and writing, utilizing performative poetry as an a/r/tographic mode of contemplative inquiry.
Thermal Transitions in Perfluorosulfonated Ionomer Thin-Films

Thin perfluorosulfonated ion-conducting polymers (PFSI ionomers) in energy-conversion devices have limitations in functionality attributed to confinement-driven and surface-dependent interactions. This study highlights the effects of confinement and interface-dependent interactions of PFSI thin-films by exploring thin-film thermal transition temperature (TT). Change in TT in polymers is an indicator for chain relaxation and mobility with implications on properties like gas transport. This work demonstrates an increase in TT with decreasing PFSI film thickness in acid (H+) form (from 70 to 130 °C for 400 to 10 nm, respectively). In metal cation (M+) exchanged PFSI, TT remained constant with thickness. Results point to an interplay between increased chain mobility at the free surface and hindered motion near the rigid substrate interface, which is amplified upon further confinement. This balance is additionally impacted by ionomer intermolecular forces, as strong electrostatic networks within the PFSI–M+ ma...
High-Throughput Pressure-Dependent Density Functional Theory Investigation of Herringbone Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Part 2. Pressure-Dependent Electronic Properties

Understanding the effect intermolecular interactions have on the electronic properties of highly conjugated/aromatic organic networks is important for optimizing these materials for optoelectronic device applications. Here, dispersion inclusive density functional theory (DFT + vdW) is used to study the effect of pressure up to 20 GPa on the intermolecular interactions of 40 herringbone polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In the first part of this two-part study (10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b07209), we reported the pressure-induced structural changes. Here, we elucidate the relation between those structural changes and the electronic properties, where it is shown that increased pressure leads to variations in the intermolecular interactions and molecular conformations, resulting in alterations of the band dispersion, band gap (magnitude as well as direct/indirect), and semiconductor polarity (n-type vs p-type). Specifically, increased pressure increases the C–H···π and π···π interactions, typically leading to increase...
Selectivity for ethanol partial oxidation: the unique chemistry of single-atom alloy catalysts on Au, Ag, and Cu(111)

Recently, we found that the atomic ensemble effect is the dominant effect influencing catalysis on surfaces alloyed with strong- and weak-binding elements, determining the activity and selectivity of many reactions on the alloy surface. In this study we design single-atom alloys that possess unique dehydrogenation selectivity towards ethanol (EtOH) partial oxidation, using knowledge of the alloying effects from density functional theory calculations. We found that doping of a strong-binding single-atom element (e.g., Ir, Pd, Pt, and Rh) into weak-binding inert close-packed substrates (e.g., Au, Ag, and Cu) leads to a highly active and selective initial dehydrogenation at the α-C–H site of adsorbed EtOH. We show that many of these stable single-atom alloy surfaces not only have tunable hydrogen binding, which allows for facile hydrogen desorption, but are also resistant to carbon coking. More importantly, we show that a rational design of the ensemble geometry can tune the selectivity of a catalytic reaction.
Land Titles and Dispossession: Allotment on American Indian Reservations

The Nelson Act of 1889 established the allotment of American Indian lands for American Indians in Minnesota; subsequent changes allowed land to be sold to non-Indians. Allotment was intended to provide private land ownership for American Indians during this period where none had previously existed on reservation lands. This dramatic shift in land tenure occurred throughout the USA for many reservations. In this analysis, I examine two different Minnesota reservations over time: one that was allotted and another that was not allotted. I find a dramatic reduction in home ownership and an increase in household size for households that were treated to the land-titling program as compared to those households that were not treated. I also document a noticeable effect on wage sector employment; there is a large movement from self-employment in farming to the wage sector.
BrainAGE and regional volumetric analysis of a Buddhist monk: a longitudinal MRI case study

Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche (YMR) is a Tibetan Buddhist monk, and renowned meditation practitioner and teacher who has spent an extraordinary number of hours of his life meditating. The brain-aging pro...
Wernekinck commissure syndrome: Sequela of a caudal paramedian midbrain infarction

Wernekinck commissure syndrome should be considered in the cases of acute bilateral ataxia.
Gaps in Ethics Consultation Support for Patients and Families and Practical Guidance for Future Research or Quality Work Involving These Stakeholders

Cho and colleagues pay valuable attention to the ethical concerns experienced by patients and families (Cho et al. 2020). In this commentary, we share some of the insights we gained by conducting a...
Exploring feature augmentation as a method for improving panchromatic remote sensing change detection

Change detection seeks to identify temporal changes in material composition within a remotely sensed scene by comparing the pixels of two images collected at different points in time. Anomalous change detection (ACD), in particular, emphasizes changes that are different from how other pixels might have changed. This will suppress broader but potentially uninteresting changes, e.g., seasonal or pervasive changes like snow or shadowing. ACD algorithms are typically applied to physics-based imagery such as multispectral data or synthetic aperture radar data, making use of the finer signal discrimination enabled by the multi-band nature of the imagery. Here we are interested in panchromatic imagery, which, while typically at much higher spatial resolution, comes at the cost of less signal information per pixel (only one value, a measure of brightness). This lack of signal information makes it challenging to apply traditional change detection techniques. This research explores augmenting panchromatic imagery with multiple derived texture feature layers, such as variance or entropy, to create a pseudo multi-band image. The resulting multi-band feature-augmented panchromatic images can then be exploited using traditional ACD approaches. Experiments are shown using real panchromatic imagery collected from spaceborne platforms.
Towards Real-time Traffic Movement Count and Trajectory Reconstruction Using Virtual Traffic Lanes.

In this paper, we discuss our framework and observations for AI City Challenge Track 1: Vehicle Counts by Class at Multiple Intersections. The framework we propose utilizes creating virtual traffic lanes for the movements of interest. Using a Python Graphical User Interface (GUI), the entry polygons for the movements of interest are identified. This leads to labeling the trajectories for the vehicles that have been first detected entering the region of interest via those entry polygons. Those vehicles, forming what we refer to as "virtual traffic lanes" inside the region ofinterest, are then used as identifiers for other vehicles detected further downstream using a nearest neighbors search. The framework we propose can run as an additional layer to any multi-object tracker with minimal additional computation. Our results and evaluation for the challenge track indicate the high potential of our proposed framework, and showcase the momentous value of incorporating domain knowledge in computer-vision applications.
Overview of advanced neural network architectures

Abstract Though initially outclassed by more computationally efficient machine learning algorithms, neural network–based deep learning strategies have come of age with modern implementations and hardware and are now capable of addressing a range of previously intractable problems. These include methods for dealing with complex spatial or sequential data, strategies for coping with sets of data in which not all of the examples are annotated, and ways of generalizing across different databases. Other methods take inspiration from biological strategies such as operant conditioning or evolutionary principles. These and other techniques described here form the basis for many of the advances in the use of artificial intelligence in the service of pathology, as well as medicine in general.
Is Music Teacher Professional Development Becoming More Effective? Evaluating Practice and Policy in the United States, 1993–2012:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate music teacher professional development (PD) practice and policy in the United States between 1993 and 2012. Using data from the nationally representative S...
Shifts in oxidation states of cerium oxide nanoparticles detected inside intact hydrated cells and organelles.

Abstract Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) have been shown to induce diverse biological effects, ranging from toxic to beneficial. The beneficial effects have been attributed to the potential antioxidant activity of CNPs via certain redox reactions, depending on their oxidation state or Ce 3+ /Ce 4+ ratio. However, this ratio is strongly dependent on the environment and age of the nanoparticles and it is unclear whether and how the complex intracellular environment impacts this ratio and the possible redox reactions of CNPs. To identify any changes in the oxidation state of CNPs in the intracellular environment and better understand their intracellular reactions, we directly quantified the oxidation states of CNPs outside and inside intact hydrated cells and organelles using correlated scanning transmission x-ray and super resolution fluorescence microscopies. By analyzing hundreds of small CNP aggregates, we detected a shift to a higher Ce 3+ /Ce 4+ ratio in CNPs inside versus outside the cells, indicating a net reduction of CNPs in the intracellular environment. We further found a similar ratio in the cytoplasm and in the lysosomes, indicating that the net reduction occurs earlier in the internalization pathway. Together with oxidative stress and toxicity measurements, our observations identify a net reduction of CNPs in the intracellular environment, which is consistent with their involvement in potentially beneficial oxidation reactions, but also point to interactions that can negatively impact the health of the cells.
Integrating Human-Computer Interaction Artifacts into System Development

This paper introduces a methodology for developing and leveraging Human Computer Interaction (HCI) artifacts into systems design within the Antisubmarine Warfare (ASW) domain. The method is structured with four integrated steps: Scenario Development, Personas, Operational Concept Documentation, and Usability. Explicit links are made between the artifacts to allow a more efficient use of design resources including legacy documentation for developers while improving the quality of design. As with current systems engineering practices this approach relies upon requirement analysis, prototyping, design iteration, and test and evaluation. Unlike current practice, however, this approach can improve the process of iteration as well as feedback on additional unanticipated requirements. Often overlooked, this process also yielded effective design team interaction. These improvements are made possible by the structured methodology that makes the HCI products attractive to systems developers: the artifacts are well organized, adaptable, and inspectable.
Online teaching, copyrights, and the need for concerted solutions

Most higher education institutions with online learning programs in the U.S. face similar challenges when it comes to establishing intellectual property (IP) policies that balanee adequate stimulus for authors and appropriate investment return for the organization supporting their creative production. However, no university has yet been able to come up with a "golden standard" in this regard. While, by the time of writing this, Temple University was still in the process of discussing elements of a new IP policy for online contents, its preliminary experience on the matter reveals the benefits of proactive attempts at achieving consensus among all stakeholders, as opposed to adopting reactive or remedial stances.
A prática docente de enfermeiros de instituições de saúde numa universidade privada - DOI: 10.4025/cienccuidsaude.v8i2.8196

It is widely accepted that education in undergraduate Nursing courses must be grounded on technoscientific and humanistic perspectives, based on Nursing theories. Theoretical Nursing bases are precariously inserted in the development of the teaching process, as reflected in the resulting quality of the education of future professionals. With the objective of identifying the theoretical Nursing reference frameworks adopted in the teaching practice by nurses of health institutions in the development of the process of educating nurses in a private university, this qualitative approach study has used the hermeneutic analysis to interpret the statements expressed in the interviews. Meleis’ theoretical Nursing reference frameworks led to establishing the categories related to needs, interaction and results in the following fields: perspective, focus, goal, problem and therapeutics of Nursing, in regard to the schools. Characteristics included in the theories of Horta (needs), Orlando (interaction) and Levine (results) emerged by similarity from the subjects’ statements. Related to the theoretical referential framework proposed by Meleis, the statements made it possible to identify aspects based on the different guidelines of these schools. The study of this situation brings out the need for adopting theoretical Nursing reference frameworks which will be used as foundation for the professors´ discussions about concepts concerning individuals and groups.
The Breakthrough Series Collaborative on Service Integration: A Mixed Methods Study of a Strengths-Based Initiative

Arizona’s Department of Economic Security (DES) engaged in a strengths-based initiative to increase quality and integration of human services. Twenty teams including employees from state agencies, community leaders, and families were brought together to discuss and implement improvements to a variety of social services. A mixed methods study was conducted to explore the complex process of forming diverse teams to strengthen social services. Specifically, the research team conducted focus groups to collect qualitative data from a purposive sample of the teams to explore their experiences in greater depth. Analysis of the data led to the development of an online survey instrument that allowed all collaborative members an opportunity to participate in the study. Findings suggest that while the teams faced many challenges, a commitment to the process brought perseverance, communication, and creativity allowing this collaborative to initiate 105 activities to bring about positive changes in social services within their communities.
Emotional Behavior and Adrenal Function in the Rat

Summary.-The reiationship of open-field behaviors (latency, ambulacion, rearing, and defecation) and adrenal weight and adrenal ascorbic acid (AAA) was investigated. 38 male Sprague-Dawley rats received one daily trial in the open field for 4 days. Measures of adrenal weight and AAA were subsequently obtained. Correlations between variables indicated no meaningful relationship between emotional defecation and adrenal responses. Rearing correlated significantly with AAA. Latency was significantly related with adrenal weight. These results are consistent with recent studies investigating performance of emotional Ss on escape-avoidance conditioning and CER behavior. Rats j~ldged as emotionally reactive by the open-field defecation test are often assumed to have larger adrenal glands (Morgan 8c Stellar, 1950; Moyer, 1958a). This purported relationship is due primarily to the early work of Yeakel and Rhoades (1941), who observed that descendants of Hall's (1934) emotional strain possessed larger adrenal glands as compared with those of the nonemotional strain. Ocher invescigacors have not verified these findings (Anderson & Anderson, 1938; Ader, 1959). With fifth and sixth generation rats of the Maudsley reactive ( i.e., "emotional") strain, Watson ( 1961) reported smaller adrenals for reactive Ss, whereas Feuer and Broadhurst (1962) published positive, but not conclusive findings, using twelfth and thirteenth generations of the Ma~tdsley strain. Indirect attempts at clarifying the role of autonomic activities and emotionality in the rat have also been unrewarding. Contrary to expectations, adrenalectomized rats are more emotional in the open-field test (Moyer, 1958b) and the emotional characteristics that differentiate two strains of mice are not affected by cortisone or adrenalectomy (Fuller, Chambers, & Fuller, 1956). The present investigation replicated the Yeakel and Rhoades (1941) study on the comparison of adrenal weight of emotional and non-emotional rats, and supplemented their study by investigating the relationship between various openfield behaviors and adrenal ascorbic acid (AAA). Adrenal ascorbic acid is considered a more valid indication of adrenal function as compared with adrenal size (Hall, 1959). Open-field behaviors observed were latency, ambulation, rearing, and emotional defecation.
Pressure Release Superleak Sound Modes in He II

The sound modes of He II in a waveguide partially packed with superleak are investigated for the case of a free surface within the waveguide. In the limit of zero vapor density, two propagating modes are found: one a gravity wave whose velocity depends on the superfluid fraction, and the other a temperature wave which is analogous to adiabatic U-tube oscillations. With finite vapor the U-tube mode in pure /sup 4/He mixes strongly with the vapor sound; however, in /sup 3/He--/sup 4/He mixtures it is uncoupled from the vapor and is observable. Experimental results are in qualitative agreement with the theory.
Editorial: molecular endocrinology articles in the spotlight for December 2013.

Welcome to the December issue of Molecular Endocrinology. Among this month’s papers you’ll find the following research to be of great interest, particularly to those interested in reproductive biology. “ATF3 Expression in the Corpus Luteum: Possible Role in Luteal Regression” by Mao et al shows that the luteolytic hormone prostaglandin F2 (PGF2 ) selectively stimulated the expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) mRNA and ATF3 protein in large steroidogenic cells of the bovine corpus luteum in vivo and in vitro. The action of PGF2 was associated with the rapid activation of stress-activated protein kinases and the induction of ATF3 in large luteal cells. Furthermore, expression of ATF3 in large or small steroidogenic cells reduced LH-stimulated cAMP response element (CRE)mediated transcription downstream of protein kinase A (PKA) signaling and inhibited progesterone synthesis at a step before conversion of cholesterol to progesterone. Therefore, ATF3 may be primarily responsible for the PGF2 -dependent reduction in steroid synthesis that occurs during luteal regression. In “COUP-TFII Regulates Human Endometrial Stromal Genes Involved in Inflammation,” Li et al demonstrate that chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) was spatially and temporally expressed in endometrial stroma cells during the menstrual cycle in women. Furthermore, COUP-TFII was found to be reduced in stroma cells of ectopic lesions in endometriosis patients. Cistromic and transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that COUP-TF regulated processes critical for human endometrial stroma cell decidualization in vitro. Specifically, COUP-TFII was responsible for the down-regulation of inflammatory genes during decidualization. This may contribute to the function of decidual stroma cells in pregnancy and the pathology observed in endometriosis. In “BMP15 Suppresses Progesterone Production by Down-regulating StAR via ALK3 in Human Granulosa Cells” (freely available at http://mend.endojournals.org/), Chang et al found that bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), but not growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), reduced basal progesterone production by suppressing the expression of the rate-limiting steroidogenic regulatory (StAR) protein. Neither affected the expression of cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage (P450scc) enzyme or 3 -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 -HSD). The authors also showed that knockdown of ALK2 dramatically decreased basal StAR levels, indicating a positive role for ALK2 in maintaining StAR expression. Therefore, these findings suggest that oocyte-derived BMP15 plays a role in preventing premature luteinization by modulating progesterone production during the late stage of follicle development. Congratulations to all the authors in this issue for their fine work and research. Donald B. DeFranco, PhD Editor-in-Chief, Molecular Endocrinology
A free boundary problem for a coupled system of elliptic, hyperbolic, and Stokes equations modeling tumor growth

We consider a tumor model with three populations of cells: proliferating, quiescent, and necrotic. Cells may change from one type to another at a rate which depends on the nutrient concentration. We assume that the tumor tissue is a fluid subject to the Stokes equation with sources determined by the proliferation rate of the proliferating cells. The boundary of the tumor is a free boundary held together by cell-to-cell adhesiveness of intensity γ . Thus, on the free boundary the stress tensor T and the mean curvature κ are related by T E n = −γ κ E n where E n is the outward normal. We prove that the coupled system of PDEs for the densities of the three types of cells, the nutrient concentration, and the fluid velocity and pressure have a unique smooth solution, with a smooth free boundary, for a small time interval.
Direct observation of 0.57 eV trap-related RF output power reduction in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors

Abstract This paper reports direct evidence for trap-related RF output power loss in GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) through increased concentration of a specific electron trap at E C −0.57 eV that is located in the drain access region, as a function of accelerated life testing (ALT). The trap is detected by constant drain current deep level transient spectroscopy (CI D -DLTS) and the CI D -DLTS thermal emission time constant precisely matches the measured drain lag. Both drain lag and CI D -DLTS measurements show this state to already exist in pre-stressed devices, which coupled with its strong increase in concentration as a function of stress in the absence of significant increases in concentrations of other detected traps, imply its role in causing degradation, in particular knee walkout. This study reveals E C −0.57 eV trap concentration tracks degradation induced by ALT for MOCVD-grown HEMTs supplied by several commercial and university sources. The results suggest this defect has a common source and may be a key degradation pathway in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs and/or an indicator to predict device lifetime.
WE‐C‐224A‐02: Radiation Induced Cancers in Treated Patients

The increasing numbers of radiation treated patient surviving for long periods forces an assessment of their risk of radiation associated cancer. Dose response relationships for cancer induction in the laboratory mice varies with strain, gender, tissue/organ of concern, observation period, dose fractionation and LET. For most experiments, risk increased with dose in an orderly manner. However, in some large experiments on mice and one on Macaca mullata, there was no evident increase risk of cancer at 1–2.Gy single dose WBI. These studies were life span and autopsy examinations. Risk of death due radiation induced solid cancer among 86,611 survivors of the atom bomb explosions in 1945 [entered the study in 1950] increased throughout the observation period of 52 years. There have been 10,127 deaths due to solid cancer and of these, 479 [4.7%] have been attributed to the radiation exposure. The time distribution of these cancer deaths have been: 18%, 19.1%, 27.1% and 35.4 % for the periods 1950–67, 1968–77, 1978–87 and 1988–97. Namely, 35% of these radiation cancer deaths occurred at 42–52 years post irradiation. Data from 14 large and long follow‐up series of irradiated human patients demonstrate increased risk with dose for cancers of the stomach and pancreas; over the dose range 1–45 Gy. In contrast there was no evident increased risk of bladder or rectal cancer after doses of 1–60 Gy. For the studies on murine, canine, sub‐human and human subjects there is not a constant relative risk for the different organs,viz probability of a radiation cancer for a specified dose varies with the organ. Consideration will be given to the differential risk between photon [conformal and IMXT], proton [broad beam energy modulated and pencil beam scattered] and 12C ion beams.
Nicotine Dependence is Different From Other Drug Dependencies

This analysis examines the relative prevalence of DSM/ICD generic criteria for substance dependence in nicotine vs other substance use. As part of the APA/NIMH DSM-IV field trials, two population-based samples received the WHO CIDI-SAM structured interview. The following prevalence rates are for each DSM-III-R/ICD-9 criteria among current users of tobacco (n=261) vs current users of alcohol (n=398), marijuana (n=180), cocaine (n=56) and opioids (n=37). Tobacco users were more likely to report tolerance (76% for nicotine vs 19-29% for other substances), withdrawal (57% vs 12-16%), greater consumption or duration of use than intended (64% vs 20-33%), strong desire or inability to stop/cut down/control (38% vs 10-23%) and compulsive use (54% vs 14-23%). Tobacco users were somewhat less likely to report spending much time obtaining, using or recovering from the substance (21% vs 21-30%). Tobacco users reported a similar prevalence of giving up activities to use substance (7% vs 4-14%), harm from substance use (64% vs 46-73%) and use despite known problems from the substance (51% vs 21-73%). Our results suggest that, despite recent interest in commonalities across dependencies, there are large and clinically significant differences in how dependence is manifested in nicotine vs other drug use.
Anomalous coronary arteries: location, degree of atherosclerosis and effect on survival—a report from the coronary artery surgery study

Limited information is available about clinical presentation, degree of atherosclerosis and effect on overall survival in a large series of patients with coronary artery anomalies. From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Multicenter Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS), detailed coding of coronary angiograms was available in 24,959 patients. Of these patients, 73 (0.3%) had major coronary artery anomalies: 70 had one coronary anomaly and 3 had two coronary anomalies. The most common anomaly involved the circumflex coronary artery (60%). In 69% of these, the circumflex artery arose from a separate ostium in the right coronary sinus, and in 31% it originated as a branch of the right coronary artery. The most common anomalous course was anterior or posterior to the great vessels but not between the great vessels. The major exception to this finding was an anomalous right coronary artery; 7 of 15 such arteries coursed between the great vessels. Anomalous circumflex coronary arteries had a significantly greater degree of stenosis than that in nonanomalous arteries in age- and gender-matched control patients (p = 0.02). Despite this difference, at 7 years there was no significant difference in survival by location or degree of stenosis in the anomalous artery.
Effect of lead on renal responsiveness to antidiuretic hormone in young rats.

Abstract The effect of lead exposure on antidiuretic hormone (ADH) action in young rats was investigated. Without administration of exogenous ADH, urine volume was greater and urine osmolality values were lower in the lead-exposed rats compared to pair-fed controls during 24 hr of water deprivation. Exogenous ADH administration to lead-exposed rats during 24 hr of water deprivation reduced urine volume and elevated urine osmolality to values similar to those obtained from control animals. Plasma ADH concentrations from lead-exposed rats were as high if not higher than those from control animals. Dose-response studies indicated that in lead-exposed animals urine flow rate was reduced less by each dose of ADH than that observed in the control animals. These results suggest that renal lead toxicity impairs ADH action on the renal tubule contributing to the polyuria observed in lead-exposed rats. There was no difference in the in vitro basal or vasopressin-stimulated renal medullary adenylate cyclase activity between control and lead-exposed rats suggesting the mechanism of the lead effect on ADH action may not be related to adenylate cyclase activity. However, results from dose-response studies on the effect of lead on renal medullary adenylate cyclase activity suggest that the similarity between control and lead-treated rats is due to an artifact of the procedure for measurement of enzyme activity. The addition of ethylene bis(oxyethylenenitrilo) tetraacetic acid (EGTA) to the reaction medium may have obscured the inhibitory effects of lead on adenylate cyclase activity.
Identification of new absorption bands in Zn1-xMnxTe

We report optical absorption measurements on Zn1-xMnxTe at 300K, 77K, and LHe temperatures. In an x ∼ 0.6 sample, new absorption bands are found at 2.605 eV and 2.745 eV, together with two lower energy bands seen also in an x ∼ 0.1 sample. All bands are attributed to intra-ion transitions of Mn2+ in the 3d5 configuration.
Growth of Arabidopsis flavonoid mutant is challenged by radiation longer than the UV-B band

Growth, seed yield and accumulation of ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing compounds were studied in chalcone isomerase-defective tt-5 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana and its Landsberg erecta (Ler) progenitor under full-spectrum solar radiation and a series of filters which attenuated progressively larger portions of the UV-B and UV-A radiation bands. The purpose was to determine: (1) whether or not the tt-5 mutant could be induced to grow more or less normally, given adequate protection from damaging UV in the presence of high levels of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) so that it could be used as a surrogate for mechanistic high UV studies; (2) whether the generalized plant action spectrum or the alfalfa DNA damage action spectrum would best describe the observed responses; and (3) if the traditional Mylar (polyester) filter provides an adequate control for UV damage studies. Maximum rosette diameter (MRD), plant height and fresh weight at harvest and seed yield were measured, along with absorbance of leaf extracts at 300 nm and accumulation of total phenolics before and after exposure to UV. Three types of UV filters were used: cellulose diacetate (CD), which non-selectively transmits all the UV reaching the earth's surface; Mylar, which cuts off UV below about 320 nm; and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) which cuts off UV below about 340 nm. Generally, Ler showed no significant growth effects under any of the treatments except for plant height which was reduced in Mylar and CD when compared to PVC. Conversely, tt-5 generally exhibited progressive decreases in all the measures of plant growth with PVC resulting in the best growth, Mylar treatments showing significant reductions and CD treatments even greater reductions. It was clear that even under these circumstances: the disruption to secondary metabolism in tt-5 makes it unsuitable for mechanistic studies of high UV-B damage; the alfalfa DNA action spectrum seemed the best correlated with observed responses and suggests a significant damaging radiation band which is not affected by stratospheric ozone; and since the damaging radiation extends beyond the Mylar cut-in, this material will not provide an adequate control for UV damage studies.
Determining liquid substrate cleanliness using infrared imaging

Experiments conducted in a modified Langmuir trough are described. Measurements of surface tension were obtained using a Wilhelmy plate, while infrared (IR) images of the water surface adjacent to the Wilhelmy plate were simultaneously recorded. A contaminating surfactant film was allowed to form on the surface while the experiments were being conducted. The data reveal a substantial change in the IR imagery due to the film in all cases. The difference between the appearance of the clean and surfactant-covered regions of the surface is clear and distinct. For some of these experiments the change in the IR imagery is accompanied by no observable change in surface tension. This, along with several other aspects of this work, suggest that IR imagery may be a superior tool, compared to traditional surface tension measurements, for ascertaining the cleanliness of a liquid substrate.
Notes on the origin of the Trojan asteroids

The dynamic plausibility of various ideas on the origin of the Trojans is briefly discussed. We take the point of view that the present, tightly bound population has secularly evolved through some mechanism from less to more tightly bound orbit configurations. The mechanisms considered are changes in the Jovian mass or semimajor axis during planetary formation, collisional interactions with external, asteroidal material, and cometary outgassing.
Dynamic consistency and monopoly

A wide variety of papers study the time consistency issues and commitment problems associated with imperfectly competitive durable goods manufacturers who sell their output. Using a simple two-period model the authors show that this sort of commitment problem may occur even if the monopolist produces non-durable output. The model assumes consumers maximize their utility through the choice of a non-durable consumption good and saving through an asset that provides future returns and consumption flow. The analysis indicates that non-durable goods manufacturers with market power will wish to announce future prices that are sub-optimal (dynamically inconsistent) when the period is reached due to the impact on consumers' wealth constraint and current purchasing behavior. Thus, the so-called durable-goods monopoly commitment problem may also occur in non-durable goods industries. The model suggests that any type of intertemporal linkage may lead to time consistency and commitment problems for imperfectly competitive firms.
Improvements in prostate brachytherapy dosimetry due to seed stranding

Abstract Purpose Prostate brachytherapy with suture embedded seeds has emerged as a popular technique to reduce seed migration and to improve dosimetry. Various trials have shown improved dosimetry with seed fixity, whereas others have shown no benefit and possible detriment to suture embedded seeds. In order to contribute to the understanding of whether seed stranding improves dosimetry, we present retrospective data from our institution. Methods and materials We analyzed 80 patients treated between April 29, 2001 and June 19, 2006, receiving I-125 monotherapy for prostate cancer. Brachytherapy patients at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) were initially treated using a transperineal approach with loose seeds. Subsequent to October 26, 2002, all patients were implanted using suture embedded seeds. Dosimetric quantifiers were calculated based on a CT obtained 1-month postimplantation. Results Dosimetry of patients treated with stranded seeds showed significant improvement. Specifically, the V100 (volume of the prostate receiving 100% of the prescribed dose) improved from 88% to 92% (p Conclusions At UCLA, the use of suture embedded seeds resulted in a significant improvement in our dosimetric quantifiers. Based upon other published studies, this improvement in dosimetry may translate into improved patient outcomes.
The dyadic adjustment of female-to-male transsexuals

Dyadic adjustment, sexual activities, and marital stability in the relationships of female-to-male transsexuals and their spouses were examined. Participants were 22 female-to-male transsexuals who had undergone some form of surgery to alter their anatomical sex, their spouses, and a control group of married or cohabitating nontranssexual men and women. Participants were administered the Dyadic Adjustment Scale and additional items to assess quantitatively their marital relationships. The transsexuals and their spouses were also asked open-ended interview questions concerning marital and life adjustments. Generally, the transsexuals and their spouses reported good and mutually satisfying interpersonal relationships that are in many ways comparable to those of the matched control group. These findings lend support to the previous clinical interview studies that have reported that female-to-male transsexuals form stable and enduring intimate relationships.
Initial presentation of Crohn's disease in pregnancy: report of a case.

PURPOSE: This study evaluates the current morbidity and mortality of Crohn’s disease presenting for the first time in pregnancy. METHODS: A review of the English-language literature was performed to collect all reported cases of Crohn’s disease presenting in pregnancy. RESULTS: This review demonstrates a maternal mortality of 4 percent and morbidity of 40 percent and a fetal mortality of 38 percent, with 24 percent normal outcome of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows improved maternal and fetal outcome compared with earlier data.
Isolation and Identification of Hydrangenol and Umbelliferone from Cultured Cells of Amacha (Hydrangea macrophylla Seringe var. Thunbergii Makino)

(1977). Isolation and Identification of Hydrangenol and Umbelliferone from Cultured Cells of Amacha (Hydrangea macrophylla Seringe var. Thunbergii Makino) Agricultural and Biological Chemistry: Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 205-206.
The role of radical hysterectomy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy in carcinoma of the cervix

The patient presenting with a bulky stage IB2 cervical cancer is a therapeutic challenge. None of the current surgical or radiation treatment strategies satisfactorily leads to a high rate of disease-free survival and a low risk of treatment-related complications including ovarian failure and psychosexual deficits. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may allow for reductions in tumor bulk, thereby rendering radiation therapy more effective or surgery more feasible. Impressive clinical response rates to cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy have been achieved with acceptable toxicity. Approximately 20% of patients achieve a complete clinical response, and many also experience a complete pathologic response. There are still too few comparative studies and phase III trials to assess the effectiveness of neoadjudvant chemotherapy and radical surgery relative to standard treatments.
Attenuation of chick heart adenylate cyclase by muscarinic receptors after pertussis toxin treatment

Abstract Pertussis toxin selectively modifies the function of N i , the inhibitory guanine nuceleotide binding protein of the adenylate cyclase complex. In chick heart membranes, guanine nucleotide activation of N i resulted in a decrease in the apparent affinity of the muscarinic receptor for the agonist oxotremorine, inhibition of basal adenylate cyclase activity, and the attenuation of adenylate cyclase by oxotremorine. Treatment of chicks with pertussis toxin caused the covalent modification of 80–85% of cardiac N i . After this treatment Gpp(NH)p had no effect on muscarinic receptor affinity and GTP stimulated basal adenylate cyclase activity. In contrast, the GTP-dependent attenuation of adenylate cyclase caused by muscarinic receptors was unaffected.
Single detector and forecolumn trap for series gas-chromatography analysis

Abstract A gas chromatography system is described for analysis of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide from a single gas sample. The system consists of three columns in series. Column I separates the polar gases which are then irreversibly absorbed on Column 2. Column 2 delays but does not absorb the other gases which are subsequently separated on Column 3. Eluted peaks from Column I are detected in the reference side of the thermal conductivity cell and peaks from Column 3 in the sample side of the cell.
Intraoperative Massive Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage during Pars Plana Vitrectomy

Seven eyes (7 patients) developed massive suprachoroidal hemorrhage (MSCH) during pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for complicated retinal detachments. The MSCH developed late in the procedure following PPV, air fluid exchange, endolaser, cryopexy, and scleral buckling in five of seven eyes. In two eyes, mild hemorrhagic choroidal detachments noted intraoperatively progressed to MSCH within 72 hours postoperatively. Diagnosis of MSCH was confirmed by echography and CT scan. Multiple scleral buckling surgeries, high myopia, aphakia, and intraocular inflammation were the main risk factors. Placement of a broad posterior scleral buckle with intraoperative hypotony and cryopexy were important precipitating factors. Visual results were poor, with six of seven eyes showing no light perception. The mean follow-up time was 12.8 months. Once acute MSCH is recognized intraoperatively, surgical decompression at that time should be avoided as MSCH itself may tamponade the choroidal bleed. Details of prevention and management are discussed.
CD4+ memory stem cells are infected by HIV-1 in a manner regulated in part by SAMHD1 expression.

CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells with stem cell-like properties (TSCM cells) have been identified in mice, humans, and nonhuman primates and are being investigated for antitumor and antiviral vaccines and immunotherapies. Whether CD4+ TSCM cells are infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was investigated by using a combination HIV reporter virus system in vitro and by direct staining for HIV p24 antigen ex vivo. A proportion of TSCM cells were found to express the HIV coreceptors CCR5 and CXCR4 and were infected by HIV both in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of viral outcome following fusion using the combination reporter virus system revealed that TSCM cells can become productively or latently infected, although the vast majority of TSCM cells are abortively infected. Knockdown of the HIV restriction factor SAMHD1 using Vpx-containing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) virion-like particles enhanced the productive infection of TSCM cells, indicating that SAMHD1 contributes to abortive infection in these cells. These results demonstrate that CD4+ TSCM cells are targets for HIV infection, that they become productively or latently infected at low levels, and that SAMHD1 expression promotes abortive infection of this important memory cell subset. IMPORTANCE Here we demonstrate the susceptibility of CD4+ memory stem cells (TSCM cells) to infection by HIV in vitro and in vivo, provide an in-depth analysis of coreceptor expression, demonstrate the infection of naive and memory CD4+ T cell subsets with both CCR5- and CXCR4-tropic HIV, and also perform outcome analysis to calculate the percentage of cells that are productively, latently, or abortively infected. Through these outcome studies, we determined that the vast majority of TSCM cells are abortively infected by HIV, and we demonstrate that knockdown of SAMHD1 significantly increases the frequency of infection of this CD4+ T cell subset, indicating that SAMHD1 is an active restriction factor in TSCM cells.