cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Novel Mode of ISG15-Mediated Protection against Influenza A Virus and Sendai Virus in Mice

ABSTRACT ISG15 is a diubiquitin-like modifier and one of the most rapidly induced genes upon type I interferon stimulation. Hundreds of host proteins and a number of viral proteins have been shown to be ISGylated, and understanding how these modifications affect the interferon response and virus replication has been of considerable interest. ISG15 −/− mice exhibit increased susceptibility to viral infection, and in the case of influenza B virus and vaccinia virus, ISG15 conjugation has been shown to restrict virus replication in vivo . A number of studies have also found that ISG15 is capable of antagonizing replication of some viruses in tissue culture. However, recent findings have demonstrated that ISG15 can protect mice from Chikungunya virus infection without affecting the virus burden. In order to better understand the function of ISG15 in vivo , we characterized the pathogenesis of influenza A virus and Sendai virus in ISG15 −/− mice. We found that ISG15 protects mice from virus induced lethality by a conjugation-dependent mechanism in both of these models. However, surprisingly, we found that ISG15 had minimal effect on virus replication and did not have an obvious role in the modulation of the acute immune response to infection. Instead, we observed an increase in the number of diseased small airways in mice lacking ISG15. This ability of ISG15 to protect mice in a conjugation-dependent, but nonantiviral, manner from respiratory virus infection represents a previously undescribed role for ISG15 and demonstrates the importance of further characterization of ISG15 in vivo . IMPORTANCE It has previously been demonstrated that ISG15 −/− mice are more susceptible to a number of viral infections. Since ISG15 is one of the most strongly induced genes after type I interferon stimulation, analysis of ISG15 function has largely focused on its role as an antiviral molecule during acute infection. Although a number of studies have shown that ISG15 does have a small effect on virus replication in tissue culture, few studies have confirmed this mechanism of protection in vivo . In these studies we have found that while ISG15 −/− mice are more susceptible to influenza A virus and Sendai virus infections, ISGylation does not appear to mediate this protection through the direct inhibition of virus replication or the modulation of the acute immune response. Thus, in addition to showing a novel mode of ISG15 mediated protection from virus infection, this study demonstrates the importance of studying the role of ISG15 in vivo .
Bethe-Salpeter Solutions with Complex Coupling Constants

Using a general, numerical method for solving two-body, bound-state Bethe-Salpeter equations recently developed by the author, a complete set of solutions is obtained, in the ladder approximation, to the Bethe-Salpeter equation describing bound states of two massive scalars bound by the exchange of a third, massive scalar. Solutions with either a complex or real coupling constant and either zero or nonzero angular momentum are calculated and explicitly shown to satisfy the Bethe-Salpeter equation. A knowledge of boundary conditions is a prerequisite for calculating solutions, necessitating the development of a general technique for determining boundary conditions when the binding quanta are massive.
Sunflower Protein Concentrates and Isolates’ Low in Polyphenols and Phytate

Protein concentrates and isolates from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), essentially free of polyphenols and/or low in phytate, were prepared from dehulled seeds by a sequential extraction procedure using organic solvents, such as hexane for defatting and acidic butanol for removing polyphenols. Phytate was removed by aqueous extraction and separation at acidic and/or alkaline conditions, depending on the relative solubility of the protein and phytate. Reduced-phytate concentrates and isolates developed off-colors unless the polyphenol concentration was less than 0.05%. The protein solubility profile of the reduced-phytate products was much better than that of the defatted meal, especially below the isoelectric point.
Chemical models of anxiety: Evidence for diagnostic and neurotransmitter specificity

The implications of theory-based versus data-based approaches to treatment and the evidence for the diagnostic and neurotransmitter specificity of the anxiety disorders are discussed within the context of old and new chemical models of anxiety. The authors suggest that the interplay between clinical observation, formation of testable hypotheses and data-based experimentation, will result in the identification of clinical and biological predictors of drug response and the development of more effective and better tolerated drug therapies.
Age-Associated Effects of a Concurrent Cognitive Task on Gait Speed and Stability During Narrow-Base Walking

BACKGROUND: In older adults, changes in speed and stability during walking are associated with impaired balance and increased fall risk. Narrow-base walking requires increased frontal plane stability and can be used to assess postural control while walking. Performance of a concurrent cognitive task (dual task) may further increase the complexity of walking, potentially allowing identification of individuals with instability that is not detected under single-task conditions. The purpose of this study was to examine age-associated effects of a cognitive task on speed and frontal plane stability during narrow-base walking. METHODS: Thirty-four healthy adults participated, categorized by age:/=75 years. Participants walked at a comfortable pace within a narrow path under both single- and dual-task conditions. We examined spatiotemporal variables and frontal plane center of mass (CoM) parameters using a 13-segment biomechanical model. RESULTS: Increasing age (p.450). CONCLUSIONS: Age-associated changes in both speed and stability are observed during narrow-base walking. Among this sample of healthy older adults, the addition of a concurrent cognitive task resulted in reduced speed, with no effect on frontal plane stability. Further research is needed to determine if dual-task, narrow-base walking is a sensitive and specific approach to identifying older adults at risk for falls. Language: en
An algorithm for calculating indistinguishable states and clusters in finite-state automata with partially observable transitions

This paper presents a new algorithm for efficiently calculating pairs of indistinguishable states in finite-state automata with partially observable transitions. The need to obtain pairs of indistinguishable states occurs in several classes of problems related to control under partial observation, diagnosis, or distributed control with communication for discrete event systems. The algorithm obtains all indistinguishable state pairs in polynomial time in the number of states and events in the system. Another feature of the algorithm is the grouping of states into clusters and the identification of indistinguishable cluster pairs. Clusters can be employed to solve control problems for partially observed systems.
E-Government: The Implementation Of Effectiv eDigital Technologies To Improve The Delivery Of Government Services To Their Consumers (Citizens)

In this study, we examine the factors which may influence the implementation of effective government services over the internet (e-Government) at the federal, state and local levels. The authors argue that although the federal, state and local agencies have taken an initiative to integrate their services over the internet, the perpetuity of complex issues and limitations continue to slow down the process of effectively implementing e-Government. The paper broaches, by identifying, some of the factors that continue to influence the implementation of effective e-Government services. We further argue that the implementation of e-Government cannot be solved through simple technological solutions alone, but through a synergistic approach involving other factors, such as approaching the citizen with customer services orientation rigor, culture, training, attitudes and education inter alia. This paper is not the panacea but a soft approach that could be used by government agencies to integrate an online portal that focuses on its customers (citizens).
Research Article: Comparative effects of all-trans and 9-cis retinoic acid on Medaka (Oryzias latipes) development

Abstract Normal vertebrate development requires appropriate amounts of Vitamin A and retinoic acid (RA), yet exogenously supplied Vitamin A metabolites cause teratogenic effects. All-trans retinoic acid (all-trans RA) and 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis RA) are potent metabolites of Vitamin A and operate by binding to retinoic acid receptors that are transcription factors. These isomers directly affect gene expression by the binding of all-trans RA or 9-cis RA to retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the binding of 9-cis RA to retinoid X receptors (RXRs). In zebrafish, exogenous application of the retinoid isomers is known to have deleterious effects of varying magnitudes on development; however, little is known about the comparative effects of 9-cis and all-trans RA on the development of Japanese killifish (Oryzias latipes) embryos. In this study, we report the effects of exposing neurula embryos to concentrations of retinoids ranging from one micromolar to one nanomolar for 72 hours. The data indicate a dose-de...
An Evaluation of the American Psychological Association’s Task Force Report on the Sexualization of Girls

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the American Psychological Association’s (APA) Task Force Report on the Sexualization of Girls (Report). The Report has four parts: evidence of the sexualization of girls; consequences of the sexualization of girls; positive alternatives; and recommendations. The Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls (TSG) presents ample evidence of the problems and consequences, as well as some positive alternatives and helpful recommendations. This paper will argue that the recommendations presented will not achieve the goal of protecting girls because the TSG fails to identify the underlying causes and implicitly accepts unsubstantiated ideologically based assumptions. Part I will explore the causes. Part II deals with the factors the TSG does not take into consideration when presenting its recommendations and historical responses to the problem. Part III will analyze the ideological influences on the TSG, namely the Sexual Revolution and Radical Feminism. Part IV will deal with the fundamental question that the TSG avoids, namely: Should adolescent girls engage in sexual activity or do the risks outweigh the benefits? The authors of the TSG Report appear to believe that they can preserve the sexual freedom of girls, while avoiding the negative effects of sexualization. There is no evidence that this is possible and, indeed, the Report itself presents substantial evidence of the failure of such a plan.
Assessment of tobacco smoke exposure in the pediatric emergency department.

Abstract Objective Tobacco smoke exposure causes significant childhood morbidity and is associated with a multitude of conditions. National organizations recommend tobacco smoke exposure screening at all pediatric clinical encounters. Data regarding tobacco smoke exposure screening in the pediatric emergency department is sparse, although children with tobacco smoke exposure-associated conditions commonly present to this setting. We aimed to determine the frequency and outcome of tobacco smoke exposure screening in the pediatric emergency department, and assess associated sociodemographic/clinical characteristics. Methods This retrospective review included pediatric patients presenting to a large pediatric emergency department in Cincinnati, Ohio between 2012 and 2013. Variables extracted included: age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance, child's tobacco smoke exposure status, triage acuity, diagnosis, and disposition. Regression analyses examined predictors of tobacco smoke exposure screening and tobacco smoke exposure status. Results A total of 116,084 children were included in the analysis. Mean child age was 6.20 years (SD ± 5.6); 52% were male. Nearly half of the children in the study did not undergo tobacco smoke screening; only 60% of children with tobacco smoke exposure-related illnesses were screened. Predictors of tobacco smoke exposure screening were: younger age, male, African American, non-commercial insurance, high acuity, tobacco smoke exposure-related diagnoses and non-intensive care admission. Of children screened for tobacco smoke exposure, 28% were positive. Children more likely to screen positive were non-Hispanic, had non-commercial insurance, and had tobacco smoke exposure-related diagnoses. NonAfrican American children triaged as low acuity were more likely to have tobacco smoke exposure, yet were less likely to be screened. Conclusion Despite national recommendations, current tobacco smoke exposure screening rates are low and fail to identify at-risk children. Pediatric emergency department visits for tobacco smoke exposure-associated conditions are common, thus further research is needed to develop and assess standardized tobacco smoke exposure screening tools/interventions in this setting.
The effect of androgen deprivation on mini-mental status examination in patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer

15592 Background: Androgen deprivation (AD) is a common treatment option for asymptomatic patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. Side effects such as sexual dysfunction, hot flash...
Restricted Pax3 Deletion within the Neural Tube Results in Congenital Hydrocephalus.

Congenital hydrocephalus is a common birth-defect whose developmental origins are poorly understood. Pax3-null mutants show defects in myogenesis, neural tube closure, neural crest morphogenesis, and heart development that, consequently, results in embryonic lethality. Here we demonstrate that conditional deletion of the mouse Pax3 transcription factor results in fully-penetrant congenital obstructive hydrocephalus. To identify the role of Pax3 during cranial development, we deleted Pax3 within the neuroepithelium (via Pax7−Cre), in the neural crest (via P0-Cre), and in both the neuroepithelium and the neural crest (via Wnt1-Cre). Only conditional mutants generated using Pax7−Cre or Wnt1-Cre developed early onset congenital hydrocephalus due to stenosis of the third ventricle, suggesting that loss of neuroepithelial Pax3 is sufficient to disturb third ventricle morphogenesis. Dilation of lateral ventricles occurs as early as E14.5, and lineage-mapping revealed that the neuroepithelial cells in the conditional mutants are present, but fail to undergo normal differentiation at the stenotic site. Concomitant with a narrowing of the mutant third ventricle, we detected ectopic apoptosis, reduced proliferation, and abnormal β-catenin localization. Furthermore, consistent with the overlapping expression pattern of Pax3 and Pax7 in early cranial neuroepithelium, we demonstrated a combinatorial role, as compound Pax3/Pax7 heterozygotes display partially-penetrant congenital hydrocephalus. These murine data provide an experimental paradigm underpinning clinical observations of the presence of PAX3 mutations in some hydrocephalic patients.
High-Efficiency Absorber for Damping the Transverse Wake Fields

Transverse wake fields generated by intense beams may propagate long distances in the vacuum chamber and dissipate power in different shielded elements such as bellows, vacuum valves or vacuum pumps. Induced heating in these elements may be high enough to deteriorate vacuum conditions. We have developed a broadband water-cooled bellows-absorber to capture and damp these harmful transverse fields without impacting the longitudinal beam impedance. Experimental results at the PEP-II SLAC B-factory demonstrate high efficiency of this device. This absorber may be useful in other machines like synchrotron light sources or International Linear Collider.
Superparasitism of the Caribbean Fruit Fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae), by Biosteres longicaudatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Implications for Host Regulation

Some solitary and gregarious (one and several individuals, respectively, per host) parasitic insects regulate their hosts by inducing changes in host development, behavior, and morphology. However, preliminary evidence suggested that single parasitizations by the solitary wasp Biosteres longicaudatus Ashmead do not significantly alter development of the host Anastrepha suspensa (Loew). Therefore, A. suspensa larvae and prepupae containing 1-3 (Group A), 4-6 (Group B), and more than 8 (Group C) B. longicaudatus first instars were studied to evaluate the impact of parasite load on wandering behavior, onset of pupariation, larval/pupal apolysis, and size and weight of the host. Upon initiation of wandering behavior, individuals in Group C traveled a significantly shorter distance in 1 h than those in Groups A, B, or the control. Average time from onset of wandering to pupariation was 5.5, 5.1, 4.3, and 3.0 h for the control and Groups A, B, and C, respectively. Larval/pupal apolysis was initiated on day 2 of pupariation in all except Group C, which apolysed between day 3 and day 4 of pupariation. The puparia in Group C weighed significantly less than those in the other groups because of rapid depletion of host tissues by as many as 15 parasite first instars per host. “Cigar-shaped” puparia constituted 4.4% of Group A, 6.6% each of Group B and the control, and 23% of Group C hosts. The above results suggest that, in some cases, host developmental alterations induced only under conditions of superparasitism by certain solitary parasites like B. longicaudatus and characterized as host regulation may instead be artifacts of superparasitism.
Real-time multiplexed frequency-domain temperature and pH sensor using a single optical fiber

Two independent parameters of physiological significance, temperature and pH, were remotely monitored simultaneously in real-time using a single fiber optic probe. The phosphorescence and fluorescence lifetimes of alexandrite and seminaphthofluorescein (SNAFL-2) indicators, respectively, were probed using a dual-frequency synthesized frequency-domain excitation signal. Heterodyne modulation of the fluorescence detector gain recovered the fluorescence emission modulation and phase at both widely separated excitation frequencies simultaneously using low-speed computer A/D hardware. The compact system employed either a green He-Ne laser or a super bright LED for fluorescence excitation. The accuracy of the temperature and pH measurements were 0.31 °C and 0.05, respectively. By choosing appropriate fluorescence indicator lifetimes, additional physiological sensors could be added. This technology has potential applications in minimally invasive medical diagnosis and patient monitoring.
Time-domain perspective on Autler-Townes splitting in attosecond transient absorption of laser-dressed helium atoms

We present a theoretical study of the delay-dependent Autler-Townes (AT) splitting in transient absorption spectroscopy of an isolated attosecond pulse in helium atoms subject to a delayed infrared (IR) pulse. We concentrate on cases in which the IR pulse is resonant with the helium $1s2p\text{\ensuremath{-}}1s2s$ transition and provide a time-domain perspective of the dynamics in the delay-dependent pump-probe system. We identify several interesting delay-dependent features in the transient absorption spectrum such as AT splitting, oscillation between absorption and emission at the resonant absorption frequency, and sub-IR-cycles oscillations. We then explain the origins of these features in the time domain in terms of a strongly driven two-level system, in the language of population transfer and coherent control.
Sign Without Soul:Loss of Traditional Chinese Opera from the Perspective of Shaoxing Opera

The rapid development of movies and television networks as new media has made powerful impact on world dramas,particularly the traditional Chinese operas.Among the factors affecting the survival and development of traditional Chinese opera,literary becomes an important one.In all literature factors,poetry mood in opera has become the core issues of opera's implication and lyric.This paper attempts to discuss the important role which the inheritance and development of poetry tradition play in the survival and development of the opera under the wide field vision of drama.
Research on County-level Cultivated Land Classification Update Methods Based on the Fuzzy Matter-element and Kriging Interpolation Method

According to the characteristics of changes of cultivated land and the cycle of index change,author picks up 14 indexes considering the chemical factor,physical factor and management factor,using these indexes to construct the farmland quality dynamic monitoring indicator system.Then,the author use fuzzy grey matter-element method and Kriging interpolation to make an empirical study on the cultivated land grade update in Gongan county.Research conclusions: ①The overall quality of cultivated land in Gongan County is in slight decline which mainly concentrated in the eastern part of the county and near the lakes.The quality of cultivated land in land treatment and local high-yielding farmland has partially promoted.②Fuzzy grey matter-element analysis combined with Kriging interpolation could make a better balance of contradictions of cultivated land quality dynamic update between the timeliness,accuracy and affordability.
Experimental brain stem surgery.

There are few experimental models of parenchymal brain stem surgery. Those that have been developed in an effort to refine clinical applications are reviewed. An experimental model of parenchymal brain stem hematoma suitable for developing surgical and monitoring techniques is presented.
Ectopic pregnancy. The problem of diagnosis.

Abstract The charts of 128 patients, in whom ectopic pregnancy was one of the admitting diagnostic possibilities, are reviewed in an effort to discover the distinguishing features between the 54 patients who subsequently proved to have an ectopic pregnancy and the 74 patients who did not. Culdocentesis, sequential hematocrits, immunopregnancy tests, and laparoscopy were all helpful in establishing the diagnosis. No single, reliable differential point could be elucidated and the conclusion is inescapable that careful investigation followed by the exercise of good clinical judgment are the most important factors in coming to the correct diagnosis.
Tommaso Pincio y el mundo de papel

Ottavio Tondi, el protagonista de la ultima novela de Tommaso Pincio, Panorama (NN Editore, 2015), ejerce como consultor literario de prestigiosas editoriales. Persona aislada, epitome del intelectual-escritor capaz de ver su propia crisis y, especialmente, la crisis del momento historico en que vive, se debate entre una distante relacion con una mujer, Ligeia, a la que no conoce personalmente, y su resignado rechazo a la vida en sociedad, intentando mantenerse, cual nuevo Don Quijote, como “lector puro”. Critica a los escritores de moda, a esos divos vanidosos y egoistas siempre en el centro de los medios de comunicacion, la narracion planea a partir multitud de temas que van desde la reflexion de la lectura como ritual mitico, intimo y sagrado; hasta los limites de la traduccion, pasando por una incisiva satira sobre la situacion del periodismo en los medios de comunicacion de masas o la condicion misma de la decadente sociedad misma, en manos de una tecnologia alienante e impersonal que ha cambiado las relaciones personales por meros contactos a traves de redes sociales.
Long-Distance Relationships

Relationships are long-distance when opportunities for communication are restricted due to geographic constraints. Long-distance relationships are of interest to relational scholars given the implicit assumption that relationships without frequent face-to-face contact are not as “close” as those with such contact. They exist in opposition to norms for shared residences and/or proximity among romantic partners (especially married couples), family members, and close friends. Long-distance relationships have been of increasing interest due to their often heavy reliance on new communication technologies. Despite the diversity of long-distance relationship types, most research in the fields of communication and relational studies has focused on heterosexual long-distance dating relationships, with the primary focus on the maintenance of the relationship. Some research on long-distance family relationships considers the impact of separation on well-being. Keywords: computer-mediated communication; family communication; interpersonal communication
China's Global Integration and Capital Flows

In 2015, China’s capital outflows and stock volatility had been top of mind. This report is the first in a series to summarize the most pertinent information on Chinese capital flows. Key developments of last year were the changing expectation of Renminbi depreciation and ill-designed policy decisions that fueled market volatility. At the same time, after years of rapid credit expansion amid declining return on investment, signs of stress have surfaced in China’s financial system in the form of bank’s balance sheets.
University Counseling Centers’ Perceptions and Experiences Pertaining to Emotional Support Animals

ABSTRACTIncreasing numbers of students are requesting accommodations for emotional support animals (ESAs) in higher education settings. Since the legislation pertaining to this type of service animal differs from the laws governing disability service animals, colleges and universities are faced with developing new policies and guidelines. A sample of 248 University Counseling Centers (UCCs) completed a survey about student requests for ESA letters of support from their counselor. The UCCs were also asked if they issue official disability diagnoses for clients. Responses showed that UCCs are not yet being asked to write many letters of support for ESAs—56.9% almost never do it, and 31.05% do it only several times per year. And, only 47.18% of UCCs write official diagnosis letters in support of disability accommodations. Yet, most UCCs are aware of the need for official policies in this arena. This article provides general recommendations for establishing university policies.
Image sequence change detection via sparse representations

We present a sparsity-based algorithm for image change detection. A series of reference images in conjunction with an orthonormal basis are used to form an overcomplete basis. The mission image can then be represented as a linear combination of reference images and components of the orthonormal basis. We solve for the linear combination that has minimum l1 norm, encouraging a sparse representation. Components of the solution that lie within the orthonormal basis indicate changes in the mission image. We discuss experiments using this algorithm and the results that were obtained.
The Need for Identification Cards in Immuno-Oncology .

Oncology nurses have worked within the three pillars of cancer care-surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy -for decades. Now, immuno-oncologic (I-O) therapy agents are a new paradigm in cancer treatment. On March 28, 2017, an I-O think tank was held at the Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) in Pittsburgh, PA. This think tank was organized in response to the rapid changes in cancer treatment with the advent of I-O therapies. The think tank appraised the needs of patients receiving these agents and the oncology nurses and healthcare providers caring for them. Seventeen nurse experts from around the country joined seven ONS staff members to discuss the challenges faced by patients receiving these therapies and the nurses who administer the treatments and coordinate the care. .
Abstract P350: Interstitial Volume Regulation in the Heart: Mechanistic Insights from ex Vivo Fluid Dynamics in Pig Myocardia

Developing and testing specific therapies for myocardial edema require understanding their mode and site of action. However, parsing determinants of interstitial volume/pressure relationships in vivo is difficult, particularly in the myocardium, where rhythmic contractions add to the confounding components of fluid-transfer driving pressures. Here, we describe a novel ex-vivo model system based on osmotic stress techniques and illustrate its application to analyses of local myocardial fluid dynamics that exclude systemic influences and systole/diastole compressive cycles. Freshly harvested ventricular explants were equilibrated in physiologic media at colloidosmotic pressures ranging from 3 to 219 mmHg, and fluid transfer in/out was measured gravimetrically as a function of time and pressure. The relationship between the change in explant volume and the imposed colloidosmotic pressure of the media was linear. The hydration potential , defined empirically as the pressure at which explant volume did not change, was calculated from the abscissa intercept at volume change = 0 , and the compliance from the slope of volume/pressure regression lines. Fluid-transfer rates and energies were derived from volume versus time trajectories measured at 4 and 37 °C. Hydration potential was 71.3 ± 10.6 and 23.0 ± 15.2 mmHg at 4 and 37°C (significant, P = 0.002), while compliance was 1.09 ± 0.3 and 1.22 ± 0.2 µl/g/ mmHg (not significant, P = 0.2, n = 5). Temperature-dependent differences between in/out flow rates were also significant, giving experimental activation energies of −5.9 ± 2.2 and 1.4 ± 0.7 kcal/mol for inflow and outflow, respectively. Results show that at physiologic temperatures, even without vascular hydrostatic pressure gradients and lymphatic drainage, the myocardial bias toward interstitial fluid efflux persists. These findings are consistent with local fluid-control mechanisms actuated by colloidosmotic and tensional forces rather than passive changes in flow resistance. This new approach allows quantitative evaluation of interstitial components of Starling’s forces and should help in mechanistic preclinical characterization of treatments to correct interstitial myocardial edema.
Transabdominal open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair is associated with higher rates of late reintervention and readmission compared with the retroperitoneal approach.

Abstract Objective Limited data exist comparing the transabdominal and retroperitoneal approaches to open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair, especially late mortality and laparotomy-related reinterventions and readmissions. Therefore, we compared long-term rates of mortality, reintervention, and readmission after open AAA repair through a transabdominal compared with a retroperitoneal approach. Methods We identified all patients in the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) undergoing open AAA repair from 2003 to 2015. Patients with rupture or supraceliac clamp were excluded. We used the VQI linkage to Medicare to ascertain rates of long-term outcomes, including rates of AAA-related and laparotomy-related (ie, hernia, bowel obstruction) reinterventions and readmissions. We used multivariable Cox regression to account for differences in comorbidities, aneurysm details, and operative characteristics. Results We identified 1282 patients in the VQI with linkage to Medicare data, 914 (71%) who underwent a transperitoneal approach and 368 (29%) who underwent a retroperitoneal approach. Patients who underwent a retroperitoneal approach were slightly more likely to have preoperative renal insufficiency but were otherwise similar in terms of demographics and comorbidities. They more often had a clamp above at least one renal artery (61% vs 36%; P Conclusions A transabdominal exposure for AAA repair is associated with higher rates of late reintervention and readmission than with the retroperitoneal approach, which should be considered when possible in operative decision-making.
Evaluation of training dose in male Sprague-Dawley rats trained to discriminate 4-methylmethcathinone

Although the synthetic cathinone 4-methylmethcathinone (4-MMC, mephedrone) has been a subject of intensive research investigation, the pharmacological mechanisms involved in its interoceptive stimulus effects have yet to be fully characterized. The present study employed drug discrimination methods in rats to compare the interoceptive stimulus properties of two different training doses of 4-MMC to other substances with similar pharmacological actions. Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to discriminate either 1.0 mg/kg (N = 8) or 3.0 mg/kg (N = 8) 4-MMC from saline. Substitution tests were conducted with drugs that increase extracellular monoamine levels (d-amphetamine, (+)-methamphetamine, 4-MMC, MDMA, MDPV, and (−)-cocaine), a serotonin releaser (+)-fenfluramine, and a serotonergic (5-HT2A) hallucinogen (+)-LSD. Stimulus control was established in fewer sessions in the subjects trained with 3.0 mg/kg compared to those trained with 1.0 mg/kg 4-MMC. Cocaine, MDMA, and d-amphetamine produced full substitution in the 1.0 mg/kg 4-MMC-trained rats at doses that did not decrease response rate. However, doses of test drugs that engendered > 80% 4-MMC-lever selection concurrently produced rate-decreasing effects in rats trained to discriminate 3.0 mg/kg 4-MMC. These findings further characterize the interoceptive stimulus effects of 4-MMC and indicate that these effects vary little with training dose; however, qualitative differences in substitutability of test drugs were observed between training groups. This study expands existing knowledge regarding the psychopharmacology of 4-MMC and the potential neurochemical substrates contributing to its subjective effects.
Canonical Correlation Analysis

This chapter covers classical and robust canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Let \(\varvec{x}\) be the \(p \times 1\) vector of predictors, and partition \({\varvec{x}} = ({\varvec{w}}^T, {\varvec{y}}^T)^T\) where \({\varvec{w}}\) is \(m \times 1\) and \({\varvec{y}}\) is \(q \times 1\) with \(m = p-q \le q\) and \(m, q \ge 1\). If \(m = 1\) and \(q = 1\), then the canonical correlation is the usual correlation. Hence usually \(q > 1\) and \(m > 1\). The population canonical correlation analysis seeks m pairs of linear combinations \(({\varvec{a}}_1^T {\varvec{w}}, {\varvec{b}}_1^T {\varvec{y}}), ..., ({\varvec{a}}_m^T {\varvec{w}}, {\varvec{b}}_m^T {\varvec{y}})\) such that corr(\({\varvec{a}}_i^T {\varvec{w}}, {\varvec{b}}_i^T {\varvec{y}})\) is large under some constraints on the \({\varvec{a}}_i\) and \({\varvec{b}}_i\) where \(i = 1, ..., m\).
Chlorine-initiated oxidation of n -alkanes under high-NO x conditions: insights into secondary organic aerosol composition and volatility using a FIGAERO–CIMS

Abstract. Chlorine-initiated oxidation of n -alkanes ( C8−12 ) under high-nitrogen oxide conditions was investigated. Observed secondary organic aerosol yields (0.16 to 1.65) are higher than those for OH-initiated oxidation of C8−12 alkanes (0.04 to 0.35). A high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer coupled to a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO–CIMS) was used to characterize the gas- and particle-phase molecular composition. Chlorinated organics were observed, which likely originated from chlorine addition to the double bond present on the heterogeneously produced dihydrofurans. A two-dimensional thermogram representation was developed to visualize the composition and relative volatility of organic aerosol components using unit-mass resolution data. Evidence of oligomer formation and thermal decomposition was observed. Aerosol yield and oligomer formation were suppressed under humid conditions (35 % to 67 % RH) relative to dry conditions (under 5 % RH). The temperature at peak desorption signal, Tmax , a proxy for aerosol volatility, was shown to change with aerosol filter loading, which should be constrained when evaluating aerosol volatilities using the FIGAERO–CIMS. Results suggest that long-chain anthropogenic alkanes could contribute significantly to ambient aerosol loading over their atmospheric lifetime.
Examination of the Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile VanZ ortholog, CD1240.

Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile causes severe diarrheal disease that is directly associated with antibiotic use and resistance. Although C. difficile demonstrates intrinsic resistance to many antimicrobials, few genetic mechanisms of resistance have been characterized in this pathogen. In this study, we investigated the putative resistance factor, CD1240 (VanZ1), an ortholog of the teicoplanin resistance factor, VanZ, of Enterococcus faecium. In C. difficile, the vanZ1 gene is located within the skin element of the sporulation factor σK, which is excised from the mother cell compartment during sporulation. This unique localization enabled us to create a vanZ1 deletion mutant by inducing excision of the skin element. The Δskin mutant exhibited moderately decreased resistance to teicoplanin and had small effects on growth in some other cell-surface antimicrobials tested. Examination of vanZ1 expression revealed induction of vanZ1 transcription by the antimicrobial peptide LL-37; however, LL-37 resistance was not impacted by VanZ1, and none of the other tested antimicrobials induced vanZ1 expression. Further, expression of vanZ1 via an inducible promoter in the Δskin mutant restored growth in teicoplanin. These results demonstrate that like the E. faecium VanZ, C. difficile VanZ1 contributes to low-level teicoplanin resistance through an undefined mechanism.
VIRGIL, VIGILANCE, AND VOICE: AGRIFOOD ETHICS IN AN AGE OF GLOBALIZATION

Some 2000 years ago, Virgil wroteThe Georgics, a political tract on Romanagriculture in the form of a poem. Today, as aresult of rising global trade in food andagricultural products, growing economicconcentration, the merging of food andpharmacy, chronic obesity in the midst ofhunger, and new disease and pest vectors, weare in need of a new Georgics that addressesthe two key issues of our time: vigilance andvoice. On the one hand, vigilance must becentral to a new Georgics. Enforceablestandards for food safety, food quality,environmental protection, worker health andsafety, sanitary and phytosanitaryrequirements, animal welfare, and appellationsmust be addressed. On the other hand, a newGeorgics must increase the range of persons whohave voice in the democratic governance of anew global agrifood system. New organizationsand institutions will be needed to accomplishthis task.
Synthesis, Structural Reassignment, and Antibacterial Evaluation of 2,18-Seco-Lankacidinol B

Lankacidins are a group of polyketide natural products with activity against several strains of Gram-positive bacteria. We developed a route to stereochemically diverse variants of 2,18-seco-lankacidinol B and found that the stereochemical assignment at C4 requires revision. This has interesting implications for the biosynthesis of natural products of the lankacidin class, all of which possessed uniform stereochemistry prior to this finding. We have evaluated 2,18-seco-lankacidinol B and three stereochemical derivatives against a panel of pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Sepsis erodes CD8+ memory T cell-protective immunity against an EBV homolog in a 2B4-dependent manner.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation commonly occurs following sepsis, but the mechanisms underlying this are unknown. We utilized a murine EBV homolog (gHV) and the cecal ligation and puncture model of polymicrobial sepsis to study the impact of sepsis on gHV reactivation and CD8+ T cell immune surveillance following a septic insult. We observed a significant increase in the frequency of gHV-infected germinal center B cells on day 7 following sepsis. This increase in viral load was associated with a concomitant significant decrease in the frequencies of gHV-specific CD8+ T cells, as measured by class I MHC tetramers corresponding to the immunodominant viral epitopes. Phenotypic analysis revealed an increased frequency of gHV-specific CD8+ T cells expressing the 2B4 coinhibitory receptor in septic animals compared with sham controls. We sought to interrogate the role of 2B4 in modulating the gHV-specific CD8+ T cell response during sepsis. Results indicated that in the absence of 2B4, gHV-specific CD8+ T cell populations were maintained during sepsis, and gHV viral load was unchanged in 2B4-/- septic animals relative to 2B4-/- sham controls. WT CD8+ T cells upregulated PD-1 during sepsis, whereas 2B4-/- CD8+ T cells did not. Finally, adoptive transfer studies revealed a T cell-intrinsic effect of 2B4 coinhibition on virus-specific CD8+ T cells and gHV viral load during sepsis. These data demonstrate that sepsis-induced immune dysregulation erodes antigen-specific CD8+ responses against a latent viral infection and suggest that blockade of 2B4 may better maintain protective immunity against EBV in the context of sepsis.
Chapter 41 – CR3

Complement receptor 3 (CR3) is a member of the β2 integrin family and was first described in the late 1970s. Integrins are heterodimeric proteins consisting of an α-chain-subunit that is noncovalently associated with one or more β-chains. In addition to CR3, the β2 integrin family contains three other members, LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), CR4 (CD11c/CD18) and CD11d/CD18. CR3 is primarily expressed on myeloid cells and mediates many different important functions including leucocyte adhesion, activation, recruitment, host defence, phagocytosis and immune tolerance functions through interactions with numerous ligands including iC3b, ICAM-1 and fibrinogen. CR3 expression is controlled by several mechanisms, including at the transcriptional level, through release from intracellular granules following cellular activation with many different mediators, and by cleavage from the cell surface. Analyses of CR3 in different model systems, including CD11b mutant mice, suggest this complement receptor plays key regulatory roles in regulating immune and inflammatory processes.
A dual electromagnetic array with intrinsic frequency up-conversion for broadband vibrational energy harvesting

This letter proposes a dual electromagnetic array to transform low frequency rectilinear vibrations into electricity with frequency up-conversion. The free of mechanical contact harvester consists of a rectilinear oscillator (RLO) and an array of two identical rotary oscillators (RTO). The RTO includes a rotor and a stator. The rotor has eight cubic magnets distributed centrosymmetrically, and the stator has eight coils. Under rectilinear vibrational excitations, the RLO drives the rotor of the RTO to rotate through magnetic torque acting on the rotors. A slight fluctuation of the rectilinear motion can lead to a great change of torque, which converts the low frequency vibrations into high frequency rotational motions. By adopting the frequency up-conversion mechanism, a high instantaneous output voltage is produced and maintained from 3.0 Hz to 9.5 Hz. Experiments show that with the dual rotor array, the output power is improved and the RLO is able to oscillate at its resonance even if the input frequency is greater than its resonant frequency, which implies a potential solution to suppress and harvest vibration energy during an earthquake if properly arraying multiple rotors. Under the excitation of 0.5 g and 4.0 Hz, the harvester can provide a stable DC power of 3.1 mW after AC-DC conversion.
Clinical features and outcomes of tumor lysis syndrome in patients with genitourinary cancers.

533Background: Genitourinary (GU) cancers account about 20% of all human cancer in the United States. Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncologic emergency with few treatment options. While TLS has ...
Common Types of Gastritis

The most common forms of gastritis are reactive gastropathy, peptic disease, Helicobacter pylori gastritis, and autoimmune gastritis. These entities, as well as the less common disease pattern of autoimmune pangastritis, are discussed in detail in this chapter, with a summary of key clinical, laboratory, and histological findings. The chapter incorporates the proper use of immunohistochemical stains for making histological diagnoses. Relevant differential diagnoses are discussed, with a focus on key discriminatory features.
Associations between childhood maltreatment latent classes and eating disorder symptoms in a nationally representative sample of young adults in the United States.

Abstract Background Childhood maltreatment is associated with eating disorders, but types of childhood maltreatment often co-occur. Objective To examine associations between childhood maltreatment patterns and eating disorder symptoms in young adulthood. Participants and Setting Data came from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 14,322). Methods Latent class analysis was conducted, using childhood physical neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse as model indicators. Logistic regression models adjusted for demographic covariates were conducted to examine associations between childhood maltreatment latent classes and eating disorder symptoms. Results In this nationally representative sample of U.S. young adults (mean age = 21.82 years), 7.3% of participants reported binge eating-related concerns, 3.8% reported compensatory behaviors, and 8.6% reported fasting/skipping meals. Five childhood maltreatment latent classes emerged: “no/low maltreatment” (78.5% of the sample), “physical abuse only” (11.0% of the sample), “multi-type maltreatment” (7.8% of the sample), “physical neglect only” (2.1% of the sample), and “sexual abuse only” (0.6% of the sample). Compared to participants assigned to the “no/low maltreatment” class, participants assigned to the “multi-type maltreatment” class were more likely to report binge eating-related concerns (odds ratio = 1.97; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52, 2.56) and fasting/skipping meals (OR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.46, 2.34), and participants assigned to the “physical abuse only” class were more likely to report fasting/skipping meals (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.76). Conclusions This study provides evidence that distinct childhood maltreatment profiles are differentially associated with eating disorder symptoms. Individuals exposed to multi-type childhood maltreatment may be at particularly high risk for eating disorders.
Social Good Science and Practice: A New Framework for Organizational and Managerial Research in Human Service Organizations

Volatile economic, demographic and political trends have severe implications for human service organizations (HSOs). Restricted governmental budgets threaten HSOs’ funding and negative attitudes to...
Ethics and Industry Interactions: Impact on Specialty Training, Clinical Practice, and Research

Physicians in training and their mentors must be cognizant of ethical concerns related to industry interactions. Mentors perceived to have conflicts of interest or to be engaging in misconduct can unconsciously and profoundly affect the learning and academic environment by implying certain values and expectations. Despite increased awareness of ethical concerns related to industry interactions in clinical practice and research, there remains a need for interventions to prevent ethical transgressions. Ethics education is essential and a move in the right direction, but it alone is likely inadequate in preventing unethical behavior. Education should be supplemented with ethical environments at institutions.