cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Making law in mid-eighteenth-century England: legal statutes and their application in the justicing notebook of Phillip Ward of Stoke Doyle

This article analyses the notebook of an eighteenth-century magistrate, Phillip Ward. As Ward was especially diligent in recording the rationale behind his decision-making, it offers some unique insights into the summary process. The article considers the nature of the business that Ward dealt with and the amount of discretion he exercised in making his decisions. Throughout it draws upon the growing body of work on the role of the magistracy in the eighteenth century while also engaging with the long-standing debate about the use of the law in the period. Importantly, since Ward was operating before Richard Burn published the first edition of his guide for JPs this particular magistrate drew upon his own legal experience and his father's extensive law library. So while Ward was not making up the law as he went along he was working out how to apply it to the hearings that came before him. Thus this article will be of interest to historians of crime and the law as well as those interested in the social rel...
Effects of methylmercury exposure on the behavior of captive-reared common loon (Gavia immer) chicks.

Behavioral effects resulting from exposure to dietary methylmercury (MeHg) have been reported in studies of several wildlife species. However, quantifying the impact of contaminant exposure on wild populations is complicated by the confounding effects of other environmental stressors. We controlled confounding stressors in a laboratory study to quantify the level of dietary MeHg exposure associated with negative effects on the fitness of captive-reared common loon (Gavia immer) chicks. We evaluated the effect of MeHg on loon chick behavior by employing several assays, including measures of righting reflexes, responsiveness to taped parental calls, reaction to frightening stimuli, and estimates of time activity budgets. Evidence suggested that as chicks aged, those exposed to nominal dietary dose levels of 0.4 and 1.2 μg Hg/g wet-weight in food (average estimated delivered dietary level of 0.55 and 1.94 μg Hg/g, respectively) were less likely (p < 0.01) to right themselves after being positioned on their backs during outdoor trials (≥37 days old) compared to chicks on the control diet. We detected differences (p < 0.05) in several response variables with respect to source of eggs. Chicks from nests on low-pH lakes tended to spend more time on resting platforms, spent less time in the shade, were more likely to walk across a platform upon release and do it quicker, were less responsive to a frightening stimulus, and exhibited less intense response to parental wail calls than did chicks from neutral pH-lakes. Rapid MeHg excretion during feather growth likely provides loon chicks protection from MeHg toxicity and may explain the lack of behavioral differences with dietary intake. Lake source effects suggest that in ovo exposure to MeHg or other factors related to lake pH have consequences on chick behavior.
In-orbit measurements of Landsat-4 thematic mapper dynamic disturbances☆

This paper describes Landsat-4 sensors, spacecraft disturbances, and the methodology used to correct Thematic Mapper (TM) images. The discussion includes system requirements, mathematical modeling, in-orbit angular motion measurement, Fast Fourier Transformer (FFT) data analysis, and scan system correction. Emphasis is given to the cause and effect of the electromechanical disturbances beginning with the scan mirror and its interaction and sensitivity to externally and self-generated disturbances. Ground-testing results are compared with those obtained in orbit.
Difficulties in Supporting the Bereaved

Interviews were carried out with fifty-seven adults concerning their interactions with others who were bereaved. When the respondent and the other person were bereaved by the same loss, support relationships were more likely to be difficult. The difficulty arose in part from problems in making shared decisions, in meeting one another's needs and standards, and in coming to shared realities. In some cases the difficulty could be attributed, in part, to the history of the relationship between the people sharing bereavement or to the emotional, cognitive, and physical demands of bereavement. In potential support situations where interviewees were not also mourners, those who held back generally had not experienced a death of somebody close.
Parallel GPGPU stereo matching with an energy-efficient cost function based on normalized cross correlation

Stereo matching is a heavily investigated topic in computer vision because of its wide range of applicability and its high computational complexity. In this paper we explore an energy-efficient technique that is suitable for parallel (GPGPU) stereo matching of remotely-sensed radar images. A major issue with images captured by remote sensing, e.g., by airborne radars, is that they are likely to have speckle noise, which is undesired information that contaminates and distorts the image. Although there are filters that alleviate the effects of speckle noise, they introduce a certain amount of image distortion. It has been demonstrated that cost functions based on Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC) can be used for accurate stereo matching in the presence of speckle noise, thus, we explored such a function for passive stereo matching. Accordingly, this paper presents a new NCC-based cost function that minimizes the number of floating-point operations utilized for stereo matching and compares its performance to that of the original NCC cost function. This evaluation is achieved via experiments in which these cost functions are employed by GPGPU stereo matching codes that use the simulated annealing algorithm. Performance comparison is conducted in terms of power and energy consumption and execution time. The dataset consisted of image pairs with two sizes. The smaller images were approximately one megapixel each and the larger image pair was over 42 megapixels each. For the smaller image pairs there was a negligible difference between the floating-point and the integer versions of the code in terms of both the execution time and power consumption. However, for the larger image pair with over 42 megapixels, there was a substantial (nearly 70%) improvement in terms of execution time and energy consumption. In addition, we also investigated the influence of the compute capability of the GPGPU on the results above. Two NVIDIA GPGPUs: a Fermi-based GPGPU with compute capability 2.0 and a more power efficient Kepler-based GPGPU, with compute capability 3.0, were used for this purpose. For the approximately one-megapixel image pairs, the Fermi-based Tesla C2075, had a larger execution time (20%), power consumption (22%), and energy consumption (40%) compared to the newer Kepler-based, GeForce GTX 670.
Design, Synthesis, and Activity of 2-Imidazol-1-ylpyrimidine Derived Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Dimerization Inhibitors

By the screening of a combinatorial library for inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) formation by the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) using a whole-cell assay, 2-(imidazol-1-yl)pyrimid...
Theory of fermion exchange in massive quantum electrodynamics at high energy. V. Twelfth- and higher-order perturbation theory

A study of the high-energy behavior of Compton scattering near the backward direction and of pair annihilation in massive quantum electrodynamics is extended to twelfth order in perturbation theory. These considerations are generalized by introducing a matrix method of calculating higher-order diagrams and the result of the high-energy expansion of an arbitrarily high order of perturbation theory is presented.
Growth controls: policy analysis for the second generation

The 1970s spawned a ‘first generation’ of growth controls which featured explicit (or implicit) restrictions on residential housing construction. These restrictions were typically implemented in small, affluent, and predominantly white suburban communities. Policy analysis responded by focusing almost singlemindedly on how such supply-side restrictions might increase housing prices and drive out the poor. The 1980s and 1990s have, however, given birth to a more comprehensive ‘second generation’ of controls which many major cities and metropolitan areas are considering. This generation ties commercial and industrial as well as residential development to the reduction of the negative externalities and congestion costs associated with growth. To fully evaluate this second generation, policy analysis must take into account not only housing price effects and the rate of job creation but also the full range of ‘amenity effects’ associated with differing rates of growth and attendant levels of traffic congestion, air pollution, and other ‘public bads.’ We develop a framework for such ‘second generation’ growth control analysis using San Diego as an example.
Role Of Wigner Distribution Function In Pattern Recognition

The Wigner Distribution (WD) function produces a simultaneous space-spatial frequency description of an image and thus provides an appropriate domain for analyzing spatial non-uniformities in an image. In this paper, the performance of WD based processors is compared to that of the cross-correlator for a simple pattern recognition problem. A method is also proposed to reduce the computational complexity of the WD based system. Difference between digital WD based and optical WD based processors is pointed out.
The Effect of Psychostimulants on Skeletal Health in Boys Co-Treated with Risperidone

Objectives To examine the skeletal effects of chronic psychostimulant treatment in children and adolescents. Study design Medically healthy 5- to 17-year-old males from 4 different clinic-based studies were combined for this analysis. They were divided by psychostimulant use into 3 groups: none to negligible, intermittent, and continuous use. Most (95%) had also received risperidone for 6 months or more. Treatment history was extracted from medical and pharmacy records. Anthropometric and bone measurements, using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography, were obtained at each research visit. Multivariable linear regression analysis models examined whether age-sex-specific height Z-score and skeletal outcomes differed among the 3 psychostimulant-use groups. Results The sample consisted of 194 males with a mean age of 11.7 ± 2.8 years at study entry. The majority had an externalizing disorder. There was no significant difference across the 3 treatment groups in height Z-score or in skeletal outcomes at the radius, lumbar spine, or whole body. One hundred forty-four boys had valid follow-up skeletal data 1.4 ± 0.7 years after study entry. Again, neither height Z-score nor the skeletal outcomes were different among those who remained on psychostimulants between the 2 visits, started psychostimulants anew, or had not taken psychostimulants. Conclusions Following chronic treatment, psychostimulants did not appear to significantly affect bone mass accrual in children and adolescents taking risperidone. There was a small, but statistically not significant, negative impact on longitudinal growth.
An Oscillating Disk Rheometer for Measuring Dynamic Properties during Vulcanization

Abstract A forced oscillating-disk rheometer has been developed which can measure both the low and high frequency dynamic properties of a rubber specimen throughout vulcanization. It may also be us...
Improving performance of power systems with large-scale variable generation additions

A power system with large-scale renewable resources, like wind and solar generation, creates significant challenges to system control performance and reliability characteristics because of intermittency and uncertainties associated with variable generation. It is important to quantify these uncertainties, and then incorporate this information into decision-making processes and power system operations. This paper presents three approaches to evaluate the flexibility needed from conventional generators and other resources in the presence of variable generation as well as provide this flexibility from a non-traditional resource - wide area energy storage system. These approaches provide operators with much-needed information on the likelihood and magnitude of ramping and capacity problems, and the ability to dispatch available resources in response to such problems.
Some nonabelian toy models in the large N limit.

Schwinger-Dyson equations are used to study the largeN limit ofU(N) gauge theory on several small lattices. Explicit solutions are found which are beyond the reach of existing steepest descent technique. They show a phase transition in a three placquette model at couplingg2N=3, resembling the known transition in the one placquette model, and lending support to expectations of a similar transition in the four dimensional lattice theory.
When Good Smells Go Bad: A Sociohistorical Understanding of Agricultural Odor Pollution:

In this paper, I seek to add to the sociological and geographical literature on odor by documenting the processes through which perceptions of agricultural odors are mediated and contested. Specifically, its empirical focus is on how residents living near a large-scale hog facility within the state of Iowa actively ‘do’ smell. In doing this, this papers draws not only from the historical, anthropological, and sociological literature on odor, but also from the field of animal (rural) geography. The findings of this research are organized around the following themes: (1) rural–urban transgressions; (2) inside–outside policing; (3) ties to local social network; (4) perceptions of agriculture; (5) a sense of powerlessness; and (6) shaping smell through sight. When taken together, an understanding of agricultural odor is provided that is both active (in that it is something we ‘do’) and historical (recognizing that such ‘doing’ always occurs within a particular sociohistorical milieu).
Equipment, Supplies and Pharmaceuticals: How Much Might it Cost to Achieve Basic Surge Capacity?

The ability to deliver optimal medical care in the setting of a disaster event, regardless of its cause, will in large part be contingent on an immediately available supply of key medical equipment, supplies, and pharmaceuticals. Although the Department of Health and Human Services Strategic National Stockpile program makes these available through its 12-hour "push packs" and vendor-managed inventory, every local community should be funded to create a local cache for these items. This report explores the funding requirements for this suggested approach. Furthermore, the response to a surge in demand for care will be contingent on keeping available staff close to the hospitals for a sustained period. A proposal for accomplishing this, with associated costs, is discussed as well.
Elliptic numerical ranges of 3 × 3 companion matrices

Abstract A companion matrix is determined by the zeros of it’s characteristic polynomial. We determine the location of the zeros which yields an elliptic numerical range. In particular we show that given any two complex numbers z1 and z2 there exists a third complex number z3 such that the companion matrix of the polynomial ( z - z 1 ) ( z - z 2 ) ( z - z 3 ) will have elliptic numerical range with foci at z1 and z2.
Synthesis and evaluation of peptidyl Michael acceptors that inactivate human rhinovirus 3C protease and inhibit virus replication.

Human rhinovirus, the chief cause of the common cold, contains a positive-sense strand of RNA which is translated into a large polyprotein in infected cells. Cleavage of the latter to produce the mature viral proteins required for replication is catalyzed in large part by a virally encoded cysteine proteinase (3Cpro) which is highly selective for -Q approximately GP- cleavage sites. We synthesized peptidyl derivatives of vinylogous glutamine or methionine sulfone esters (e.g., Boc-Val-Leu-Phe-vGln-OR: R = Me, 1; R = Et, 2) and evaluated them as inhibitors of HRV-14 3C protease (3Cpro). Compounds 1 and 2 and several related tetra- and pentapeptide analogues rapidly inactivated 3Cpro with submicromolar IC50 values. Electrospray mass spectrometry confirmed the expected 1:1 stoichiometry of 3Cpro inactivation by 1, 2, and several other analogues. Compound 2 also proved to be useful for active site titration of 3Cpro, which has not been possible heretofore because of the lack of a suitable reagent. In contrast to 1, 2, and congeners, peptidyl Michael acceptors lacking a P4 residue have greatly reduced or negligible activity against 3Cpro, consistent with previously established structure-activity relationships for 3Cpro substrates. Hydrolysis of the P1 vinylogous glutamine ester to a carboxylic acid also decreased inhibitory activity considerably, consistent with the decreased reactivity of acrylic acids vs acrylic esters as Michael acceptors. Incorporating a vinylogous methionine sulfone ester in place of the corresponding glutamine derivative in 1 also reduced activity substantially. Compounds 1 and 2 and several of their analogues inhibited HRV replication in cell culture by 50% at low micromolar concentrations while showing little or no evidence of cytotoxicity at 10-fold higher concentrations. Peptidyl Michael acceptors and their analogues may prove useful as therapeutic agents for pathologies involving cysteine proteinase enzymes.
Arabinosyl-6-mercaptopurine and arabinosyl-6-mercaptopurine-5'-phosphate: comparison of their metabolic effects.

SummaryArabinosyl-6-mercaptopurine (Ara-6-MP), an effective inhibitor of the growth of the mouse tumors Ca755, Ehrlich and L1210, was incubated in fortified cellfree extracts of these tumor cells under conditions where 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside and inosine were converted to nucleotide. No nucleotide formation could be detected. In vivo experiments with L1210 cells and normal mouse tissues also indicated that no nucleotide was formed. The 5'-phosphate of Ara-6-MP, obtained by chemical synthesis, had no apparent effect on the cytidylate reductase of tumor cell extracts under conditions such that Ara-6-MP was inhibitory. It was concluded that Ara-6-MP, a “fradulent nucleoside,” is active as such and does not require conversion to nucleotide for activation.
Effort—Wage Relations, Choice of Technique, and the Urban Employment-Absorption Problem:

The paper deals with some determinants of urban labor-supply absorption. This paper challenges the usual view of wage rate as an equilibrating mechanism whereby unemployment leads to lower wages which in turn encourage the introduction of more labor-intensive capital that increases demand for labor. The rational reasons for the introduction of laborsaving equipment even under conditions of unemployment is derived by considering the concept of effort per worker. Because labor contracts for continuous relationships are imprecise with regard to effort, effort variation exists. The degree to which inputs are underutilized is the degree of ‘X-inefficiency’. Since effort depends partly on motivation, lower wages may result in more than a proportionately lower value of effort; firms will not want to minimize the wage per man-year that they pay but the wage per unit of effort. Capital-intensive techniques may (up to a certain point) be ‘effort-stretching’, stimulating a higher level of effort per worker. Under su...
Multiscale MD/LBM Simulations of Flow in Complex Nano/Micro Channels

This paper examines the fluid behavior in micro and nano sized channels by using a coupled Molecular Dynamics and Lattice Boltzmann solution method, implemented in a novel fashion on a Graphics Processor. Molecular Dynamics is well known for its ability to resolve phenomena in the near wall regions, where continuum assumptions are no longer valid, at the expense of computational power. Lattice Boltzmann is a mesoscale continuum-description solver that is very efficient and reduces to the Navier-Stokes equations, thereby being a logical choice to solve regions further from the wall. This method is parallelized to be run on the Graphics Processor, using NVIDIA’s CUDA programming language. Individually, Lattice Boltzmann methods are approximately 70× faster on the GPU than a modern CPU, Molecular Dynamics is about 5× faster. Higher resolutions are able to be simulated than previously performed due to the efficiency of this implementation. We analyze the results of straight channel Poiseuille flow using the hybrid solver and note the continuum breakdown is successfully predicted by the hybrid code in the form of density oscillations near the wall along with velocity slip conditions. Streamlines, contours and velocity profiles are utilized to illustrate these points. Future work includes expanding this solver’s capability to handle complex boundaries.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Complement factor H increases risk for atrophic age-related macular degeneration.

Objective To determine if the complement factor H gene ( CFH ) determines risk for development of geographic atrophy (GA). Design Retrospective case–control study. Participants and Controls The independent case–control data set contained 647 age-related macular degeneration (AMD) cases (grades 3, 4, or 5) and 163 controls (grades 1 or 2). Methods To determine if CFH had any effect on determining risk for development of GA in an independent case–control data set of 647 AMD cases and 163 controls, the rs1061170 single-nucleotide polymorphism was tested for association, separating grades and analyzing them independently against the controls. Odds ratios were calculated using standard logistic regression models. Main Outcome Measures The outcome variable was AMD affection status, and genotypes were coded according to a log-additive model. Results There were 407 grade 5, 107 grade 4, 133 grade 3, 35 grade 2, and 128 grade 1 individuals. There was significant association with AMD when comparing grades 3, 4, and 5 versus the controls. The highest odds ratio was obtained when analyzing the grade-4 cases versus the grade-1 controls (OR = 3.217, P Conclusions Our results indicate that CFH increases the risk of developing GA (grade 4) as well as neovascular (grade 5) and milder (grade 3) disease. Although neovascular disease is responsible for the majority of severe vision loss with AMD, GA is also a significant cause of vision loss, and without effective treatment. Therefore, an attempt to clarify its pathogenesis is of the utmost importance.
The regulation of post-eclosion and post-feeding diuresis in the Monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus

Abstract Both post-eclosion and post-feeding diuresis can be demonstrated in adult Monarch butterflies; and both these processes are significantly inhibited by neck-ligature. The post-eclosion response is restored in neck-ligatured animals by injection of whole head, brain, ventral nerve cord, and corpora cardiaca-corpora allata extracts, and the effect is dose dependent. The active substance appears to be a water soluble, heat stable, trypsin and protease sensitive, polypeptide, with a molecular weight estimated from gel filtration of approx. 3000, that is localized principally in the brain. The amount of active substance present in the head decreases during post-eclosion diuresis, when activity seems to be present in the haemolymph. However, diuretic activity can be demonstrated from heads obtained from Monarchs that are several days or weeks old. In the Monarch, post-eclosion diuresis appears to be under hormonal regulation. By contrast, extracts of whole heads and/or known endocrine organs do not significantly alter post-feeding diuresis in intact or neck-ligatured Monarchs. In addition, although diuresis in response to injections of large volumes of insect saline can be demonstrated in Monarchs, extracts of known endocrine organs do not affect the rate of post-injection diuresis in either neck-ligatured or intact animals. Such experiments, and others involving surgical interruption of the ventral nerve cord, indicate that the eclosion diuretic hormone does not play a major role in the regulation of post-feeding diuresis in this species.
A comparison of the formulas proposed for heteroxanthin

Abstract Current observations on heteroxanthin (obtained from Tribonema and Vaucheria) provide further support for the structure as 3,5,6,3′-tetrahydroxy-5,6-dihydro-7′,8′-didehydro-β-carotene.
FRÉDÉRIC BASTIAT'S VIEWS ON THE NATURE OF MONEY

What is money? This is a question for the ages. Humanity has risen into complex society and experienced tremendous economic development and high cultural achievement through the use of money. It has foundered or even been destroyed when money has been undermined. Ignorance of the nature of money should therefore be the central economic issue for society. Frederic Bastiat was a French businessman who lived during the first half of the nineteenth century (1801–1850). In the last few years of his life he was elected to the national assembly and began a prolific career as a writer on topics of economics, public policy, and political issues of the day. His highly effective writing style includes the use of humor, ridicule, dialogue, irony, exaggeration and, most important, logical deduction and the process of elimination. He is like a mystery sleuth in search of economic truth and this style has made him the undisputed champion in economic polemics. He continues to earn high praise from journalists, economists, and most important, from educated readers more than 150 years after his death.1 In contrast to the universal respect and admiration for his literary skills, Bastiat has not been admired as an economic theorist. His efforts at economic theory have been roundly criticized and characterized as the efforts of an amateur or even a crank. We can list the eminent economist Joseph Schumpeter and Nobel Laureate F.A. Hayek, two outstanding economists, among the critics of Bastiat as an economic theorist. I have re-examined Bastiat’s contributions to economic theory and have found the charges against him to be unsubstantiated. In terms of economic theory, Bastiat is widely knowledgeable, keenly discerning, highly competent, and very creative. Furthermore, I have concluded that the central criticisms of
Management and the human resource function: a model based on social systems theory

Even though human resource management (HRM) has made great progress as a discipline in recent years, questions still linger about its place in management. This paper uses concepts from social systems theory to build a model of HRM that links it systematically with general management, and shows how these concepts can be used for defining the mission of HRM, and for designing effective HRM systems for attaining it. Implications of the model are discussed for HRM practice and research.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Fluid Flow in a Rotating Channel

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of a Lennard-Jones liquid flowing through a rotating nano-scale channel are presented.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Recall and misrecall as a function of cultural and individual word association habits and regulation of the recall environment

Data are presented regarding (a) experimentally induced changes in word-association strength; (b) recall as a function of cultural associative probabilities; and (c) dependencies between association and recall responses of individual Ss in particular recall environments. Subjects were trained by a brief exposure to two 5-word lists composed of the second most frequently occurring cultural responses (R2s) to Kent-Rosanoff stimuli. During the final 60 sec of the 3-min retention interval, experimental Ss free-associated to stimuli related to the five R2 words of List 2. Control Ss either free-associated to stimuli unrelated to the words of training or continued a vowel-cancelling activity. All Ss were then tested for recall of List 2 in the presence or absence of the corresponding stimulus terms. Major findings include: (a) substantial and systematic changes in R2 associative strength following item pre-exposure; (b) variation of recall and misrecall according to trends in normative association data; and (c) recall interference or facilitation dependent upon the individual S's associative hierarchy and the stimulation conditions regulating the recall environment.
Supercells and mesocyclones in outer rainbands of Hurricane Katrina (2005)

[1] This study documents and describes supercells embedded within the outer rainbands of Hurricane Katrina (2005). Radar reflectivity and velocity data collected on 29 August 2005 by Weather Surveillance Radar 1988 Doppler radars were used to track the supercells. Radar analysis indicates that the supercells were characterized by heavy precipitation collocated with band-relative mesocylonic circulations containing strong vorticity and a wind speed enhancement to their northeast. Atmospheric soundings and dual-Doppler derived shear suggest that environmental conditions were comparable to those in previous hurricane-spawned supercell studies. Twenty-three storms from 0300–0900 UTC were tracked, and single- and dual-Doppler radar analyses were used to examine characteristics such as shear and rotational velocity. Remarkably, the majority of the supercells formed over the Gulf of Mexico rather than over land, which contrasts with previous studies. Furthermore, the ground-relative wind speeds of these potentially tornadic mesocyclones in the outer rainbands could have been Category 4 intensity despite sustained winds in Katrina's eyewall only reaching Category 3 at landfall.
Vorticity transport in solidification boundary layers

A solidification boundary layer, where vorticity is concentrated, is shown to scale as δ ∼ (v/V) sin θ where θ is the angle that the solidification front makes with the oncoming flow, v is the kinematic viscosity of the melt, and V is the solidification rate. Key similarities with the suction boundary layer are outlined. Transport of vorticity, by diffusion and advection, in flows that solidify is discussed in the context of the planar-flow spin casting process, with special attention paid to how vorticity leaves the flow. Direct experimental evidence for a solidification layer in that application is reported.
Case Studies in Censorship: William Faulkner's "Sanctuary.".

When William Faulkner sent off his manuscript of Sanctuary in 1929 to the publisher Cape and Smith, Harrison Smith responded, “Good God, I can't publish this. We'd both be in jail.” From its very inception, Sanctuary, Faulkner's shocking novel of a young co‐ed initiated through rape and murder into the criminal world of hoodlums, was controversial. When Smith sent Faulkner the galleys, the author decided to revise the manuscript. This revised version of Sanctuary, published in 1931, went on to become his most scandalous and, not coincidentally, his best selling work. While The Sound and the Fury and Light in August languished and went out of print, the horrific tale of Temple Drake and the gangster/thug, Popeye, generated sustained sales as well as a flurry of popular interest in the young writer from Mississippi.
Regulatory effects of purine ribonucleotides on Escherichia coli adenylosuccinate synthase.

Abstract Adenylosuccinate synthase (EC 6.3.4.4.) ( l-aspartate + GTP + IMP → Mg 2+ adenylosuccinate + GDP + P i ) is an important site for the regulation of adenylate biosynthesis. A partially purified preparation of the enzyme from Escherichia coli B showed feedback inhibition by ADP and AMP, weak positive response to the adenylate energy charge, and weak positive response to the mole fraction of GTP in the GTP + GDP pool. These responses seem to ensure that the synthesis of adenine nucleotides will be controlled appropriately in response to the level of end products and to the energy state of the cell, and to avoid the potential difficulties arising from the fact that the end products of this sequence and the indicators of the energy state of the cell are the same compounds.
Distributed Receding Horizon Control of Dynamically Coupled Nonlinear Systems

This paper considers the problem of distributed control of dynamically coupled nonlinear systems that are subject to decoupled constraints. Examples of such systems include certain large scale process control systems, chains of coupled oscillators and supply chain management systems. Receding horizon control (RHC) is a method of choice in these venues as constraints can be explicitly accommodated. In addition, a distributed control approach is sought to enable the autonomy of the individual subsystems and reduce the computational burden of centralized implementations. In this paper, a distributed RHC algorithm is presented for dynamically coupled nonlinear systems that are subject to decoupled input constraints. By this algorithm, each subsystem computes its own control locally. Provided an initially feasible solution can be found, subsequent feasibility of the algorithm is guaranteed at every update, and asymptotic stabilization is established. The theoretical conditions for feasibility and stability are shown to be satisfied for a set of coupled Van der Pol oscillators that model a walking robot experiment. In simulations, distributed and centralized receding horizon controllers are employed for stabilization of the oscillators. The numerical experiments show that the controllers perform comparably, while the computational savings of the distributed implementation over the centralized implementation is clearly demonstrated.
Newton and the transmutation of force

understanding a beautiful but little-known fact concerning the transmutation of central force fields by means of complex mappings. A second purpose, however, is to swell the Newtonian congregation! To this end, in this introduction we shall supply five very elementary examples (suitable for the classroom) of the power of the Principia's methods. This should also help to eliminate the potential 'culture shock' presented by the chosen methodology of the rest of the paper. First, though, a few general remarks on the Principia are perhaps in order. Since no mention will be made in this section of the principal problem to be analyzed, the impatient reader is welcome to jump to the next section where the work itself is begun.
MO‐F‐213CD‐05: Establishing a Follow‐Up Process for Angiographic Patients Receiving an Estimated Entrance Skin Dose in Excess of 5 Gy

Purpose: To establish a follow‐up process for angiography patients estimated to receive an entrance skindose (ESD) in excess of 5 Gy. Methods: A look‐up table showing the estimated ESD corresponding to incremental displayed air kerma (AK) values was posted within each angio suite. Patients receiving a cumulative AK value corresponding to an ESD exceeding 5 Gy are identified by the technologist. The technologist notifies the diagnostic physics section (DPS) which calculates a more accurate estimation of the ESD by taking into account system and exam‐specific estimated table height and attenuation, backscatter, and mean energy absorption coefficient. The DPS then generates and sends a standard notification alert to the attending physician including case information, estimated ESD, and potential tissue effects. Hospital staff follows‐up with the patient via phone to discuss possible skin effects and the location of where those effects may be observed. The patient is asked to call the clinic if any skin redness or epilation in the area of exposure is observed. Results: In the past 4 months, 15 cases greater than 5 Gy ESD were identified across the different services using the angio suite. Of the 15 cases, the neuro radiology interventional group had the maximum number of cases at 10 (median: 5.2 Gy, max: 7.3 Gy) while the vascular surgery group had 2 cases (median: 7.1 Gy, max: 7.6 Gy) and the vascular interventional group had 3 cases (median: 5.7 Gy, max: 6.8 Gy). All cases received follow‐up. No deterministic effects were observed in these cases as of yet. Conclusions: Establishing a follow‐up procedure for angiography patients receiving an ESD > 5 Gy is essential to anticipate possible skin injury. This is good patient safety practice which falls in line with our institution's patient first initiative.
Ab initio calculations on ONOOH and ONOO

The geometry and electronic structure of peroxynitrous acid (ONOOH) and peroxynitrite ion (ONOO−) were studied at the 6–31G** level. The cis-configuration of peroxynitrous acid was found to be more stable by 3.9 kJ/mol than the trans-form, whereas peroxynitrite is more stable by 4.6 kJ/mol in the trans-form. Calculations of the skew forms, which are as defined by an angle of 90° between the ONO/NOO planes, yield energies larger than those of the most stable forms of the acid or anion by 51.4 and 68.1 kJ/mol, respectively, thus providing an estimate of the gas-phase energy barrier. The electronic structure is discussed from the point of view of the reactivities and transformation processes of ONOOH and ONOO−. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Observations on the reproductive cycle of cultured white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus

Males and females of cultured white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus, mature at an average age of 4 and 8 years, respectively. However, the onset of ovarian vitellogenesis and puberty are highly asynchronous in the female stock. Gonadal cycles are annual in males and biennial in females, and gametogenesis is influenced by season. Neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction appears to involve a dual gonadotropin system controlling gonadal development and spawning. Labile puberty and sex-specific duration of the gonadal cycle are distinct characteristics of cultured and wild sturgeon. Photoperiod and temperature play a significant role in environmental regulation of the reproductive cycle, but further studies are necessary to elucidate the roles of endogenousand environmental factors in sturgeon reproduction which is critically important for both aquaculture and conservationof endangered wildstocks.
Heat transfer in packed bed heat recuperators-II. The film coefficient for dry sorbent solids

Abstract An elaborate experimental set up is described that was used to measure the thermal expiration curves of heat recuperators, that had been constructed with guard heaters and vacuum insulation to minimize heat losses. A much more general model is used along with a precision numerical analysis technique to show that a film coefficient correlation of the Dittus-Boelter type did an excellent job of representing the results from 162 runs in which three feed gas temperatures, two flow rates, two particle size ranges, one bed diameter and five desciccants were used. For comparison sake the reported film coefficient correlation is finally assembled in a table along with others found in the literature.
Effect of Whole Body X-Irradiation on Ascorbic Acid of Rat Tissues.

SummaryEvidence obtained from an experiment with rats of the Long-Evans strain suggests that mid-lethal whole body X-irradiation (710 r) may directly reduce tissue ascorbic acid. In rats of the Wis...
Relationship between Air Concentration of Radioactive Fission Products and Fallout

PERHAPS the simplest and most widely used methods for the evaluation of the long-range hazard due to atmospheric radioactivity and fallout are the air-filter and gummed-paper techniques, respectively. Since effects associated with meteorological factors, especially rain, make it difficult to predict the performance of one method relative to the other, we believe that an experimental comparison which was made at the time of the ‘Teapot’ tests may be of interest.
Switchable gate membranes. Conducting polymer films for the selective transport of neutral solution species

Abstract The conductive polymers poly(3-methylthiophene) and poly(N-methylpyrrole) have been explored for their use as “gate” for the separation of neutral solutes. The diffusion of a few common solvents through the films is found to depend on the oxidation state of the polymers and the dopant anion. Scanning electron micrographs show significant macroscopic morphological differences between the oxidized and reduced polymers which may be linked to the transport properties of the films.
The tautomeric form of inosine in aqueous solution

Abstract It is shown that the difference in the aromaticity between the keto and enol form of inosine is manifest in the magnitude of the base proton chemical shifts. Using this information it is shown that, in aqueous solution at biological pH, at least 85% of inosine is populated in the keto form. Hence it is suggested that the base-pairing between inosinic acid and uridylic acid, which occurs in some codon-anticodon interactions, may involve the keto form of inosinic acid and that the required geometry for such an interaction is achieved by “wobble”.
Electron spin resonance in turbocrystalline carbons—I

Abstract In continuation of the work on ESR in turbostratic carbons, experiments on introduction of boron acceptors and sodium donors were performed using P33 carbon black samples heat treated to various temperatures mainly in the range 1600–2400°C. The experiments with boronation show a complicated behavior and lead to the conclusion that boron atoms can act not only as acceptors, but neutralize some of the existing localized spin centers and also can under special conditions become spin centers themselves. Experiments with sodium doping have shown that the stability of the sodium against oxidation increases with decrease in HTT. With increasing doping the “Curie-like” behavior (the factor R = I LN I RT ) goes through a maximum and the intensity of the ESR line through a minimum, as expected from the simple band model with the Fermi level originally located below, and moving across and then above the band overlap with increase in doping. Using two spectrometers 9.2 Gc and 35 Gc and a variety of samples it was found that while for low heat treatments the widths are the same (in Gauss), for well graphitized materials the use of the higher frequency results in a considerably broader line. Considerations concerning the temperature and heat treatment dependence of the Δgcond and its relation to the diamagnetic susceptibility are presented. The nature of the band structure in turbostratic carbons and of the localized spin centers are discussed.
Activity and distribution of lysosomal enzymes during collagenous matrix-induced cartilage, bone, and bone marrow development

Abstract The appearance of the lysosomal enzymes acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, and β-glucuronidase was studied during endochondral bone and bone marrow formation induced by implantation of demineralized bone matrix. The activities of acid phosphatase and β-glucuronidase gradually increased from the stage of mesenchymal cell proliferation on Day 3 onward to reach a peak on Day 13, during maximal bone remodeling. However, arysulfatase activity exhibited a sharp increase on Day 9, associated with the onset of cartilage hypertrophy and chondrolysis. The peak of arylsulfatase activity was also attained on Day 13. The activities of all three enzymes declined on Day 15 but acid phosphatase again exhibited an increase during hematopoietic bone marrow differentiation on Days 19–21. Histochemical and ultrastructural studies revealed intense lysosomal enzyme activity in macrophage-like cells on Day 7 and thereafter. During chondrolysis and bone remodeling, these cells were present in a perivascular location. Osteoclasts also exhibited strong reactivity for the lysosomal enzymes. Due to its characteristic temporal appearance during development of endochondral bone, arysulfatase may be used as a marker enzyme for chondrolysis and bone resorption.
Vilfredo Pareto: Sociologist or Ideologist?

(1966). Vilfredo Pareto: Sociologist or Ideologist? The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 21-38.
Salvage surgery for radiation failure in prostate cancer

Methods Salvage surgery was done in 43 patients who did not respond to radiation therapy of prostate cancer between 1982-1991. Thirty-five patients underwent salvage prostatectomy and 8, cystoprostatectomy, Results. The complications were significant; four patients had rectal injuries (all closed primarily), one had a ureteral injury, and there was one perioperative death, Urinary incontinence occurred in 10 of 35 patients (30%). Pathologic step sections of the prostate showed that only 13 of 43 patients (30%) had negative surgical margins. Follow-up (range, 1-10 years) revealed that 34 patients were alive, and 9 had died
Genetic Mechanisms of Age Regulation of Blood Coagulation Factor IX Model

Blood coagulation capacity increases with age in healthy individuals, apparently because of increases in the plasma concentration of most procoagulant factors. This phenomenon may play an important role in the advancing age-associated increase of cardiovascular diseases and thrombosis. Through longitudinal analyses of transgenic mice, we recently identified 2 critical age-regulatory elements, AE5' and AE3', which are together essential for age regulation of the normal human factor IX (hFIX) gene. AE5', present in the long interspersed repetitive element-derived sequence of the 5' upstream region, containing polyomavirus enhancer activator-3 or a closely related element, is responsible for age-stable expression of the gene and functions in a position-independent manner. AE3', present in the middle of the 3' untranslated region, is responsible for age-associated elevation of hFIX mRNA levels in the liver. Presence of both AE5' and AE3' is needed to recapitulate normal age regulation of the hFIX gene. Because factor IX clearance from the circulation is not significantly affected by age, age regulation of hFIX levels is achieved primarily by a combination of stabilization of gene transcription and age-dependent increases in the mRNA levels, which are presumably due to increasing mRNA stabilization. The stage is now set for further systematic studies of the genetic and molecular mechanisms of age regulation of other key coagulation and anticoagulation factors in hopes of understanding the overall age regulation of blood coagulation.
Sensitivity of some runoff models to errors in rainfall excess

Abstract Mathematical models describing the surface runoff hydrograph from a watershed can be classified as either linear or nonlinear. Linear models are routinely used because of their mathematical tractability although it is generally recognized that watersheds are inherently nonlinear. This paper examines the sensitivity of predictions of runoff peak and its time by five linear and nonlinear surface runoff models to errors in rainfall excess. It is shown that if rainfall excess errors are sufficiently large, a perfectly identified nonlinear model does not perform always as well as an optimally identified linear model in predicting runoff peak, according to an objective function based upon fitting of runoff peaks. Thus, if one is not very confident in estimates of watershed infiltration then in some circumstances linear models may have an advantage over nonlinear models in runoff peak predictions because they do not amplify the input errors.