cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spirituality of the Traumatized Child: A Call for Increased Faith Community Participation in the Trauma-Healing Process for Children

One-third of all children worldwide experience trauma. This includes domestic violence, serious illness, physical or mental abuse, and death of a parent, among other traumatic experiences. Children who experience trauma are more likely to experience other mental health disorders and often reject the religious and spiritual institutions of their upbringing. While cognitive-based therapy and other traditional psychological methods are crucial to the care of these children, incorporating their spirituality can be a helpful adjunct for their healing. Further, religious communities can play a critical role in reintroducing healthy forms of relationship building and community attentiveness, while providing a safe environment for coping.
A Woman’s Life Alongside Chemistry:The Memoirs of Theresa Kopp Baumann

As her second and third names suggest, Theresa Kopp Baumann (1856-1944) was the daughter and subsequently the wife of eminent German academic chemists. Her substantial unpublished autobiography, written ca. 1910 and presented here in English translation in an edited and considerably abridged form, provides unique insight from a privileged female perspective into the socio-cultural aspects of German academic science in its period of greatest international reputation and influence. In the two cases-in-point that are vividly recounted there - her life as daughter and then as wife - it also gives shape and colour to the many ways in which gendered domestic roles invisibly condition and assist scientific activity.
Race and Ethnicity in Peru

This chapter examines the significance of ethnic and racial issues in Peru from the perspective of demography and stratification with emphasis on quantitative analysis. My premise is that demographic changes have a significant influence on several aspects of race and ethnicity. The dynamics of ethnic/racial identities formation, ethnic/racial ideologies, discrimination, and exclusion are impacted by the dynamics of development and urbanization, and all these dynamics are likely affected by internal migration as well as by fertility and mortality regional disparities. Yet, explaining these aspects is a particularly complicated analytic endeavor. As in other Latin American countries, fluid ethnic/racial boundaries coexist in Peru with discourses of ethnic/racial equality and inclusiveness – ideologies of mestizaje – that often mask the prevalence of discrimination and exclusion. While several studies have quantitatively analyzed ethnic and racial issues, many aspects of race and ethnicity have not been sufficiently theorized using empirical frameworks, or analyzed with quantitative methods.
Prostate cancer susceptibility genes: Many studies, many results, no answers

Since the first report of a genome-wide scan for hereditary prostate cancer (HPCA hereinafter) in 1996, several publications have presented data implicating various chromosomal regions by linkage analysis without any consequential identifications of the target genes. The most intensive attention has been focused on chromosome 1, and it has been proposed to contain at least three sub-chromosomal regions (HPC1, PCAP, CAPB) harboring putative prostate cancer susceptibility genes. Nevertheless, one susceptibility gene, ELAC2/HPC2 at chromosome 17, has now been identified. Yet it seems to have a questionable role in prostate cancer predisposition. HPCA susceptibility loci have become undeniable archenemies of prostate cancer investigators, as the results of candidate gene analyses have been bewilderingly inconclusive. Predisposition to prostate cancer is most likely to be caused by several genes, different models of Mendelian inheritance, incomplete penetrance and varying population ethnicity frequencies. We will review the current state of the HPCA field and discuss the difficulties associated with identifying prostate cancer susceptibility genes.
Indirect Coupling: Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 Observations and Early Interpretations 3 Theoretical Formulations for Nuclear Spin–Spin Coupling 4 Applications to Specific Coupling Situations 5 Biographical Sketch
Reversal of diabetic stem-cell mobilopathy by angiotensin-(1-7) via rho-kinase downregulation (1051.5)

Mobilization of bone marrow stem/progenitor cells (BMSPCs) that maintain cardiovascular health is impaired in diabetes. We have previously shown that Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) increases the vasoreparative potential of dysfunctional BMSPCs from individuals with diabetes. In this study we tested the effect of Ang-(1-7) on the impaired mobilization of BMSPCs in diabetes. Furthermore, the role of Rho-kinase in the beneficial effects of Ang-(1-7) was evaluated. Lean control or obese db/db (type 2 diabetic) (DB) mice were treated with continuous infusion of saline or Ang-(1-7) (1 µg/Kg/min) for four weeks by using subcutaneous osmotic pumps. Subsets of peripheral blood lineage-negative cells, Lin-Sca-1+, Lin-cKit+ and Lin-Sca-1+cKit+ cells, were enumerated after four weeks of treatment. All subsets of BMSPCs were lower in DB (compared to control, P<0.05), and were increased by Ang-(1-7) treatment to control levels. The number and proliferation of BM-resident SPCs, and the migration to stromal-derived factor-1α (S...
German Temporal Semantics: Three-Dimensional Tense Logic and a GPSG Fragment

Dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University, 1983.
Lorentz violation in high-energy ions

The theoretical interest in small Lorentz violations has motivated experiments that investigate it by measuring deviations in the time dilation predicted by special relativity (SR) using high-energy ions. The main contribution of this article is to show that including the Doppler effect in the emission (which is of the same order as the time dilation effect) in the analysis leads to differences between experimental and theoretical predictions that indicate potential Lorentz violation.
Naturally formed or artificially reconstituted non-covalent alpha2-macroglobulin-peptide complexes elicit CD91-dependent cellular immunity

Immunization of mice with in vitro reconstituted alpha2-macroglobulin-peptide complexes primes peptide-specific CTL responses. We show here using the H-Y antigenic system that naturally produced, immunogenic alpha2-macroglobulin-peptide complexes can be isolated from the sera of normal male mice. As an application of these ideas to cancer immunity, we show that the immunity evoked by alpha2-macroglobulin-peptide complexes reconstituted in vitro is effective in prophylaxis against tumors. Furthermore, complex peptide mixtures isolated from tumor lysates can be reconstituted non-covalently with alpha2-macroglobulin and such complexes elicit potent protective tumor immunity. This approach circumvents the need for prior knowledge of the identity of the immunogenic peptides. The heat shock protein/alpha2-macroglobulin receptor CD91 is shown to be involved in the ability of heat shock proteins or alpha2-macroglobulin to elicit an anti-tumor immune response. This article was published in Cancer Immunity, a Cancer Research Institute journal that ceased publication in 2013 and is now provided online in association with Cancer Immunology Research.
Optical Bistability with Two-Level Atoms

Since the first observation of optical bistability in 1976 (1), a large number of investigations of this phenomenon have appeared in the literature (2). Of particular theoretical interest has been the bistable system composed of “two-level” atoms within an optical resonator. While the theory in this case is well-advanced, only recently have experimental results been obtained (3–6). The work that we report is for absorptive bistability with an intracavity medium that approximates a collection of two-level atoms. We discuss our measurements of both the evolution of steady-state hysteresis and the slowing down of switching times using an inhomogeneously broadened medium in a standing-wave cavity. We also present results of the first observation of absorptive bistability in a predominantly homogeneously broadened medium of two-level atoms in a ring cavity.
The Health Impact Fund: a new paradigm in pharmaceutical innovation

We have learned that the speed and quality of innovation can be substantially raised by granting innovators temporary monopolies, such as patents or copyrights, which enable them to profi t by charging high mark-ups. But such temporary monopolies promote innovation at the expense of diff usion. In other words, the better we innovate, or incentivize innovation, the more we pay a price in terms of the diff usion of those same innovations. Rewarding innovation in the wrong way in the areas of pharmaceu ticals, food production, and environmental innovation has especially serious eff ects on the poor. The current system does poorly with regard to access targeting and cost-eff ectiveness. The Health Impact Fund proposes a new way of paying for pharmaceutical innovation by incentivizing the development and delivery of new drugs through pay-for-performance mechanisms. Furthermore, the same idea could be applied to agricultural and environmental innovation. Keywords: Health Impact Fund; healthcare · pharmaceutical industry; innovation; patents; agriculture; environment; population growth
A new method for finding hierarchical subgroups from networks

We present a new method for decomposing a social network into an optimal number of hierarchical subgroups. With a perfect hierarchical subgroup defined as one in which every member is automorphically equivalent to each other, the method uses the REGGE algorithm to measure the similarities among nodes and applies the k-means method to group the nodes that have congruent profiles of dissimilarities with other nodes into various numbers of hierarchical subgroups. The best number of subgroups is determined by minimizing the intra-cluster variance of dissimilarity subject to the constraint that the improvement in going to more subgroups is better than a network whose n nodes are maximally dispersed in the n-dimensional space would achieve. We also describe a decomposability metric that assesses the deviation of a real network from the ideal one that contains only perfect hierarchical subgroups. Four well known network data sets are used to demonstrate the method and metric. These demonstrations indicate the utility of our approach and suggest how it can be used in a complementary way to Generalized Blockmodeling for hierarchical decomposition.
Implantable micropump technologies for murine intracochlear infusions

Due to the very small size of the mouse inner ear, 600 nL volume, developing effective, controlled infusion systems is quite challenging. Key technologies have been created to minimize both size and power for an implantable pump for murine intracochlear infusions. A method for coupling fine capillary tubing to microfluidic channels is presented which provides low volume, biocompatible interconnects withstanding pressures as high as 827 kPa (120 psi) and consuming less than 20 nL of volume exiting in-plane with the pump. Surface micromachined resistive bridges integrated into the flow channel for anemometry based flow rate measurement have been optimized for low power operation in the ultra-low flow rate regime. A process for creation of deformable diaphragms over pump chambers with simultaneous coating of the microfluidic channels has been developed allowing integration of a biocompatible fluid flow path. These advances represent enabling capabilities for a drug delivery system suitable for space constrained applications such as subcutaneous implantation in mice.
A transdisciplinary approach to protocol development for tobacco control research: a case study

The increasing complexity of scientific problems related to lifestyle risk factors has prompted substantial investments in transdisciplinary or team science initiatives at the biological, psychosocial, and population levels of analysis. To date, the actual process of conducting team science from the perspectives of investigators engaged in it has not been well documented. We describe the experience of developing and implementing data collection protocols using the principles of transdisciplinary science. The New England Family Study Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center was a 10-year collaboration involving more than 85 investigators and consultants from more than 20 disciplines as well as more than 50 research staff. We used a two-phase process in which all the study personnel participated in the developing and testing of 160 instruments. These instruments were used in 4,378 assessments with 3,501 participants. With substantial effort, it is possible to build a team of scientists from diverse backgrounds that can develop a set of instruments using a shared conceptual approach, despite limited or no experience working together previously.
Poly(A): A new evolutionary probe

Abstract The poly(A) segment increases in length as the complexity of the organism increases. The shortest poly(A) size (10–15 AMP units) exist on mRNA from bacteria. The largest poly(A) segments (180–200 AMP units) exist in highly differentiated tissue. The natural log of average poly(A) size has evolved in a linear manner with the time of evolution of different organisms. This relationship places the origin of mRNA, and possibly life, at 3·85 ± 0.2 billion years ago. The poly(A) length of mitochondrial mRNA places the origin of mitochondria within eucaryotes at 2· 1 billion years ago.
Remarks on the inner ear of elasmobranchs and its interpretation from skeletal labyrinth morphology.

The structure and function of the craniate inner ear is reviewed, with 33 apomorphic characters of the membranous labyrinth and associated structures identified in craniates, gnathostomes, and elasmobranchs. Elasmobranchs are capable of low-frequency semi-directional phonoreception, even in the absence of any pressure-to-displacement transducer such as ear ossicles. The endolymphatic (parietal) fossa, semicircular canals, and crista (macula) neglecta are all adapted toward phonoreception. Some (but not all) of the morphological features associated with phonoreception can be inferred from the elasmobranch skeletal labyrinth. Endocranial spaces such as the skeletal labyrinth also provide suites of morphological characters that may be incorporated into phylogenetic analyses, irrespective of how closely these spaces reflect underlying soft anatomy. The skeletal labyrinths of Squalus and Notorynchus are compared using silicone endocasts and high-resolution CT-scanning. The latter procedure offers several advantages over other techniques; it is more informative, nondestructive, preserves relationships of surrounding structures, and it can be applied both to modern and fossil material. J. Morphol. 250:236–264, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cochlear nucleus neuron analysis in individuals with presbycusis.

Objectives/Hypothesis: The aim of this study was to analyze the cochlear nucleus neuron population in individuals with normal hearing and presbycusis. Study Design: Retrospective study of archival human temporal bone and brain stem tissues. Methods: Using strict inclusion criteria, the temporal bones and cochlear nuclei from six normal hearing individuals and four individuals with presbycusis were selected for analysis. The spiral ganglion cell population, the cochlear nucleus neuron population, and the cell body size of the neurons were quantified in these cases. Results: A relationship was not observed between age and the spiral ganglion cell population in the normal hearing group. Presbycusis subjects exhibited a reduced spiral ganglion cell population. The mean cochlear nucleus neuron population was observed to be significantly higher in the presbycusis group (mean ± standard deviation: 114,170 ± 10,570) compared to the normal hearing group (91,470 ± 9,510) (P = .019). This difference was predominantly the result of greater multipolar and granule cell neuron populations. Only the fusiform neuron type exhibited a significantly different mean cell body cross-sectional area between the normal hearing group (242 ± 27) and the presbycusis group (300 ± 37) (P = .033). Conclusions: This investigation is the first time, to our knowledge, that the populations of the eight neuron types in the cochlear nucleus have been quantified in both normal hearing individuals and individuals with presbycusis. The data support the concept that presbycusis is not an effect of aging alone but instead may be a condition that predisposes one to hearing loss with advancing age and is characterized by a congenitally elevated cochlear nucleus neuron population. Laryngoscope, 121:2641–2648, 2011
Effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on dopamine system development: a meta-analysis

Several studies have investigated the effects of prenatal cocaine (PCOC) exposure on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in animal models of maternal drug abuse, yet independent examinations of striatal dopamine (DA) receptors and tissue DA levels have produced equivocal results. The current meta-analysis provides a quantitative review of the literature on these topics, and analyzes potential moderators of the effects of PCOC exposure on these variables. The results indicate that the effects of PCOC exposure on striatal DA levels, D1 and D2 receptor-binding densities, and D2 receptor-binding affinity are negligible when collapsed over age, sex, species, and several other methodological variables. However, effects of PCOC exposure on some dopaminergic measures were significantly influenced by factors such as age and sex. As expected, and as suggested by the selectivity and specificity of PCOC-induced changes reported in the published literature, the direction and magnitude of differences between genders or age groups in this study were not systematic across all dependent measures. Generally, PCOC exposure was more often linked to decreases, rather than increases, in the selected dependent measures. These findings indicate that PCOC exposure produces selective alterations in striatal dopaminergic system function which do not appear under all experimental circumstances, but which may be important factors in behavioral alterations seen in selected groups after PCOC exposure.
Causes of increasing ozone and decreasing carbon monoxide in springtime at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory from 2004 to 2013

Abstract We report trends in springtime ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory (MBO) in central Oregon, U.S.A. from 2004 to 2013. Over the 10-year period the median and 95th percentile springtime O3 increased by 0.76 ± 0.61 ppbv yr−1 (1.7 ± 1.4% yr−1) and 0.87 ± 0.73 ppbv yr−1 (1.5 ± 1.2% yr−1), respectively. These trends are consistent with reported positive trends in springtime O3 in the western U.S. In contrast, median CO decreased by −3.1 ± 2.4 ppbv yr−1 (−1.9 ± 1.4% yr−1), which is highly similar to springtime North Pacific surface flask measurements from 2004 to 2012. While a 10-year record is relatively short to evaluate long-term variability, we incorporate transport model analysis and contextualize our measurements with reported northern mid-latitude trends over similar time frames to investigate the causes of increasing O3 and decreasing CO at MBO. We performed cluster analysis of 10-day HYSPLIT back-trajectories from MBO and examined O3 and CO trends within each cluster. Significant positive O3 trends were associated with high-altitude, rapid transport from East Asia. Significant negative CO trends were most associated with transport from the North Pacific and Siberia, as well as from East Asia. The rise in springtime O3 is likely associated with increasing O3 precursor emissions in Asia and long-range transport to the western U.S. The decline in springtime CO appears linked to decreasing Northern Hemisphere background CO, largely due to anthropogenic emissions reductions in Europe and North America, and also to a recently reported decline in total CO output from China caused by more efficient combustion. These springtime O3 and CO trends suggest that hydroxyl radical (OH) mixing ratios in the North Pacific may have increased over the study period.
Aggregation of tau protein by aluminum

Aluminum has been detected in Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles, but the significance of its presence is unknown. The principal component of tangles is the paired helical filament (PHF), comprised of tau protein. We investigated whether aluminum could induce tau protein to form filaments or aggregate. When 10 microM bovine tau or non-phosphorylated recombinant human tau was combined with 400 microM or more aluminum, tau protein appeared to aggregate, observed as a dose-dependent decrease in electrophoretic mobility on SDS-PAGE. Tau appeared as a smear above the region of the expected tau bands and, at higher aluminum doses, failed to enter the gel. A tau fragment encompassing the microtubule binding domains did not show decreased mobility in the presence of aluminum, but did form aggregates that failed to electrophorese. However no fibrillar structures were observed in the aluminum-treated tau samples when observed by electron microscopy. The effect of aluminum on tau mobility was reversed by incubating with 1 mM deferoxamine. In contrast, the morphology of PHF fibrils was unaffected by deferoxamine treatment and the characteristic abnormal mobility of PHF-tau was not reduced by deferoxamine. This suggests that aluminum is not, by itself, a significant factor in maintaining the assembly of PHF-tau as fibrils or in its abnormal mobility on SDS gels. Aluminum treatment of 3T3 fibroblasts transfected with human tau resulted in toxicity, but did not change tau expression levels or induce tau aggregation. In conclusion, aluminum appears to induce isolated tau protein to aggregate in a phosphate-independent way, without the formation of fibrils.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Shape optimization of cold-formed steel columns with fabrication and geometric end-use constraints

Abstract The objective of this paper is to present constrained optimization results for a cold-formed steel (CFS) cross-section shape with maximum axial capacity. In the authors׳ previous work unconstrained shape optimization was performed via stochastic search and gradient-based algorithms. Unconstrained shape optimizations produced a significant capacity increase, more than 140%, above standard CFS cross-sections, but many of the solutions are highly unconventional and have potential limitations both with respect to end use (e.g. attaching boards for walls and floors) and cost of manufacturing. Column capacity is determined using the Direct Strength Method (DSM) which requires inputs for the local, distortional and global critical buckling loads. These critical loads are obtained using the finite strip method, as implemented in the open source software CUFSM, which allows essentially any potential cross-section to be evaluated. To advance the applicability of the optimized results, end-use constraints and manufacturing constraints on the number of rollers employed in forming were both successfully incorporated in the shape optimization presented in this paper, resulting in optimized cross-sections that are more practical and economical with only marginally decreased capacity (usually less than 10%) from the earlier unconstrained optimized solutions. The constraints are implemented within a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm for the optimization. Optimized sections from multiple runs show uniformity, partially indicating the robustness of the final optimized shapes. The implemented constrained shape optimization provides a thorough search with high computational efficiency. The optimized cross-sections from this research provide promising potential shapes for the development of new commercial product families, and the member-level optimization methodology can also be integrated into building optimization in the future.
Particle size measurements and properties of AVIAMIDE®-6 microcrystalline nylon

Abstract Aviamide-6 microcrystalline nylon is a colloidal form of polycaprolactam prepared from Nylon-6 by controlled hydrolysis of the amide linkages followed by appropriate mechanical action which frees the particles from the polymer matrix. The particles termed microcrystals form stable dispersions in water over a wide range of concentration without the need of dispersing aids. The particle size distribution of Aviamide-6 aqueous gel was measured by centrifugal and gravitational sedimentation techniques over the range of 0.1 to 50 μ. The applicability of this technique was substantiated by electron microscopy studies. Depending on the grade, Aviamide-6 was found to contain as much as 90% by weight of the particles ≤1.0 μ and as much as 86% ≤0.2 μ. Physical properties of aqueous gels and powders were measured including rheological behavior, surface area, and electrophoretic mobility. The properties are interpreted in terms of chemical structure and particle size values. Particle size distribution curves are presented comparing several grades of AVIAMIDE-6. The dependence of the measured values of AVIAMIDE-6 particle sizes on the method of preparing the Aviamide-6 dispersions is discussed.
A copy of exon 3-intron 3 from the barley aleurain gene is present on chromosome 2.

A genomic clone fromHordeum vulgare L. cv. Himalaya contains 700 bp of DNA that is homologous with a high degree of nucleotide sequence similarity to exon 3-intron 3 from the gene for the thiol protease, aleurain. Genomic Southern blot mapping data indicate that this clone in phage λ had not undergone rearrangement, and no other sequences homologous to aleurain are present on it. Although exon 3 in aleurain encodes the polypeptide region cleaved during proteolytic processing of the proenzyme to its mature form, we do not know if the copy is expressed in some other protein. We have mapped the aleurain gene to chromosome 1, and this copy of exon 3-intron 3 to chromosome 2.
Electro Optic Target Detection And Object Recognition

Low, medium, and high-level vision algorithms as well as new scene analysis techniques for electro optic sensors are reviewed. Pattern recognition, target detection and object recognition are the applications considered. Applications for electro optic image processing include: ATR, reconnaissance, robotics, inspection, medical image processing, etc. We consider primarily IR and visible imagery, but make note of the need for and increased research in multisensor imaging techniques involving range imagery and multiple wavelength imagery.
Defining patient-prosthesis mismatch and its effect on survival in patients with impaired ejection fraction.

Background How best to define patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM) continues to be debated. Over time, the indexed effective orifice area has become the most widely used method. However, the clinical relevance of PPM remains controversial. Methods The indexed geometric orifice area and indexed effective orifice area were calculated for 143 patients having undergone aortic valve replacement with a normal left ventricular function 0.45 or less. Using the indexed geometric orifice area method, PPM was defined as nonsignificant if 1.2 cm 2 /m 2 or greater and as significant if less than 1.2 cm 2 /m 2 . Using the indexed effective orifice area method, PPM was considered as nonsignificant if greater than 0.85 cm 2 /m 2 , as moderate if greater than 0.65 cm 2 /m 2 and less than or equal to 0.85 cm 2 /m 2 , and as severe PPM if 0.65 cm 2 /m 2 or less. Results The number of patients classified as having PPM differed according to the method used to predict its presence (PPM: Effective orifice area method=72.7%; geometric method=19.6%). Regardless of the method used to classify PPM there was no significant effect on mortality (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.65 at 1 year, 0.99 at 5 years, 0.92 at 9 years; p = not significant). The postoperative mean transvalvular gradient (17.1 ± 6.5 mm Hg) and left ventricular function (0.50 ± 0.145) improved significantly compared with the preoperative findings. Conclusions The method used to calculate PPM resulted in significant classification discordance. However, regardless of classification, the presence of PPM did not adversely affect long-term outcome.
Relationship of body mass index to subsequent mortality among seriously ill hospitalized patients

Objective To determine if body mass Index (BMI = weight [kg]/height [m]2), predictive of mortality in longitudinal epidemiologic studies, was also predictive of mortality in a sample of seriously ill hospitalized subjects.Design Prospective, multicenter study.Setting Five tertiary care medical cente
What Every Teacher Should Know: Reflections on “Educating the Developing Mind”

Over the past half century, much has been learned about the ways in which students develop and learn. Unfortunately, this knowledge often does not find its way into the classroom. Teachers can begin to use this knowledge by focusing on a few key ideas. They need to go beyond the presentation of content to helping students acquire strategies for processing that content. They need to achieve a balance between knowledge and process (rather than choose one or the other). They need to minimize teaching content in isolation, choosing instead to contextualize the content in real-life experiences and applications. Finally, they need to help students learn to make informed, defensible decisions on their own. Changes in curriculum, both at the macro- and micro-levels can assist teachers in making these changes in their teaching.
Escherichia coli acid resistance: tales of an amateur acidophile

Gastrointestinal pathogens are faced with an extremely acidic environment. Within moments, a pathogen such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 can move from the nurturing pH 7 environment of a hamburger to the harsh pH 2 milieu of the stomach. Surprisingly, certain microorganisms that grow at neutral pH have elegantly regulated systems that enable survival during excursions into acidic environments. The best-characterized acid-resistance system is found in E. coli.
A polyhedral projection procedure for Q2SAT

Abstract Abstract In this paper, we show that the Fourier-Motzkin elimination procedure can be used to solve instances of Quantified 2SAT problems without resorting to modulo arithmetic or congruences. The closure of 2SAT formulae under the elimination procedure allows us to conclude that integer programs which are similarly closed can be solved in polynomial time, using this procedure.
Issues in general hospital psychiatry.

It is risky to attempt to discuss mental health service entities in a categorical manner. There aregeneral hospitals-and then there are other general hospitals. Each is in some ways different from all the others, and there are generally striking differences between general hospitals in the private sector and those in the public sector (1). Accordingly, this discussion of the five excellent papers that were presented in May 1989 atthe annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, in a symposium on the role of general hospital psychiatry (2-6) is somewhat oversimplified. I trust that my comments will be considered as nonstatistical expressions of central tendency. According to these presentations, general hospital psychiatry is a vital and dynamic field that faces a variety of challenges. But it is not a wholly predictable field; who cares for which patients, in what particular ways, and with whatpriorities are not foregone conclusions in the general hospital setting. In fact, as the presentations suggested, the practice of general hospi-
Impact of multiple coronary risk factors on the intima-media thickness of different segments of carotid artery in healthy young adults (The Bogalusa Heart Study)

Although risk factors for coronary artery disease are also associated with increased carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) as measured by B-mode ultrasonography in middle-aged and older persons, information on the impact of multiple risk factors on the IMT of different segments of the carotid artery in young adults is limited. This relation was examined in a sample of 518 black and white subjects (mean age 32 years; 71% white, 39% male) enrolled in the Bogalusa Heart Study. IMT was thicker and more skewed in the bulb compared with other carotid segments. Race differences (blacks more than whites) were noted for the common carotid (p <0.001) and carotid bulb (bifurcation) IMT (women only, p <0.001). Men had a greater IMT in the common carotid (p <0.05), internal carotid (p <0.05), and carotid bulb (whites only, p <0.001). In a multivariate analysis, systolic blood pressure, race, age, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol weree entered into a model in that order and accounted for the 16.7% variance in the common carotid IMT; age, systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, race, and insulin levels explained the 19.4% variance in the carotid bulb IMT. Gender and body mass index (BMI) accounted for the 4.7% variance in the internal carotid IMT. Increases in IMT with increasing number of risk factors (cigarette smoking, higher total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio, higher systolic blood pressure, greater waist circumference, and higher insulin level) were noted for the common carotid and carotid bulb segments (p for trend <0.001 for both). The observed deleterious trend of increasing IMT at different carotid segments with increasing number of risk factors in free-living, asymptomatic young subjects underscores the importance of profiling multiple risk factors early in life. Ultrasonography of carotid arteries, especially at the bifurcation, may be helpful along with measurements of risk factors for evaluation of asymptomatic atherosclerotic disease.
Reaching upward is more challenging to dynamic balance than reaching forward.

Abstract Background Older adults have less confidence in their ability to reach upward compared to reaching forward. The forward reach test may, therefore, not be ideally suited for detecting functional deficits that directly affect daily activities. Methods A new test of upward reach and forward reach (along a 50-degree track) were administered to young and older adults. Reach distance was adjusted for foot length and normalized to stature. The anterior safety margin was calculated by relating the center of pressure to the base of support. The extent to which age, sex, balance confidence, anthropometric, and center of pressure parameters contribute to forward and upward reach performance was assessed. Findings Reach and anterior safety margin scores were well-correlated between forward and upward reaching, but the upward reach test posed a greater challenge to dynamic balance—eliciting a smaller anterior safety margin from both older and younger subjects. Further, compared to young adults, older adults showed greater limitations in reach distance and balance parameters during upward reach compared with forward reach. An observational measure of reach strategy (whether or not the heels were raised from the platform during the test) differentiated between higher and lower reach performance for older adults. Anthropometric variables accounted for much of the variance in reach performance that would otherwise have been attributed to an age-related loss of functional capacity. Balance confidence scores also contributed to regression models predicting upward—but not forward—reach performance in older adults. Interpretation Though upward and forward reach performances were well related in this sample, a test of upward reach may be better suited to reveal early signs of functional decline in older adults than a test of forward reach.
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and aggressive behavior in rats

Fighting by pairs of albino rats, in a situation without painful shock, was measured by frequency or duration of dominant behaviors (biting attacks, threat postures, allogrooming, autogrooming), defensive-submissive behaviors (defensive-upright, submissive-supine and immobile-crouching postures), and mutual upright postures. Administration of Δ9-tetrahydro-cannabinol (1, 2, or 4 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) to the subordinate rat impaired the defensive-submissive behaviors, while the non-drugged dominant rat's biting attacks became more frequent and injurious. Administration of the drug to the dominant rat greatly reduced attacks and threats toward the non-drugged subordinate rat, and the dominance was weakened but not reversed.
Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases activity during experimental cholelithiasis

The accumulation of (1-palmitoyl)lysophosphatidylcholine, lysolecithin, in gallbladder bile was observed during the first week of cholesterol-induced experimental cholelithiasis using the prairie dog model for cholesterol gallstone formation. Gallbladder fluid transport function decreased as bile lysolecithin concentration increased. These observations suggest that lysolecithin plays an important, early role in the etiology of gallstone disease. Furthermore, the relative activities of hepatic and gallbladder mucosa lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase and acylcoenzyme a hydrolases may be responsible for the turnover of gallbladder bile lysolecithin.
Experimental evidence for bubble nucleation on electrons in liquid 4 He

We report preliminary results on cavitation experiments in4He in the presence of a small number of free electrons in the liquid. At negative pressures insufficient to produce homogeneous nucleation we observed cavitation events which we ascribe to nucleation at electron bubbles. We present measurements of the threshold for cavitation at electrons over the temperature range 1.8 – 3.2 K.
A Dynamic Finite Element Analysis of Impulsive Loading of the Extension-Splinted Rabbit Knee

A dynamic nonlinear finite element model was developed to study juxtarticular stresses in the splinted rabbit knee, an established laboratory model for creating osteoarthrosis due to impulsive loading. Plane strain finite element results were validated by comparison with corresponding experimental data. Parametric effects studied included the input tibial displacement speed, the local bone density distribution, and the modulus of cartilage and subchondral bone. While the computed resultant contact force magnitude was sensitive to a number of model parameters, the stress patterns, when normalized to a given resultant force magnitude, were not. Despite comparable force peaks, the finite element results showed approximately six-fold higher effective strain rate levels for a severely impulsive loading protocol known to induce rapid osteoarthrosis, versus those for a mildly impulsive loading protocol not usually associated with cartilage damage. A propensity for elevated shear in the deep cartilage layer near the contact periphery, observed in nearly all computed stress distributions, is consistent with previous experimental findings of fissuring at that level in the impulsively loaded rabbit knee.
Symmetry and Log-Concavity Results for Statistics on Fibonacci Tableaux

In this paper, we study the properties of the inversion statistic and the Fibonacci major index, Fibmaj, as defined on standard Fibonacci tableaux. We prove that these two statistics are symmetric and log-concave over all standard Fibonacci tableaux of a given shape μ and provide two combinatorial proofs of the symmetry result, one a direct bijection on the set of tableaux and the other utilizing 0, 1-fillings of a staircase shape. We conjecture that the inversion and Fibmaj statistics are log-concave over all standard Fibonacci tableaux of a given size n. In addition, we show a well-known bijection between standard Fibonacci tableaux of size n and involutions in Sn which takes the Fibmaj statistic to a new statistic called the submajor index on involutions.
Thermal measurements in large pool fires

The purpose of the tests was to study the thermal response of a large test item in a specified fire configuration, to define thermal boundary conditions, and to assess the repeatability of the fire environment. While the calorimeter used in the tests simulated a nuclear waste transportation cask, the results of the study have broader application to the truck and rail transport of hydrocarbon fuels and hazardous chemicals
Prioritizing payment for environmental services: : Using nonmarket benefits and costs for optimal selection

Abstract This article provides a practical, applied analysis of optimal targeting in agricultural land preservation, comparing the performance of four alternative targeting strategies. Nonmarket benefit data and hedonic cost estimates are used for parcels in Sussex County, Delaware. The results show that branch-and-bound optimization (OPT) does not significantly outperform the much simpler benefit–cost ratio targeting (BCRT). However, significant losses of potential net benefits occur when applied methods overlook either benefits or costs. In this application, benefit targeting (BT) and cost targeting (CT) significantly underperform both OPT and BCRT, with BT underperforming all other methods.
Fabrication/process development of oxygen separation systems

Abstract The development of alternate sources of oxygen other than from air liquefaction has been identified as a significant research need for a number of areas including coal gasification, combustion and power generation. Air separation using a zirconia solid electrolyte membrane is one possible alternate source of oxygen. The oxygen separation capability of the zirconia membrane is derived from its ability to function as an electrdialysis membrane and selectively remove oxygen from gas mixtures containing oxygen. The operation of the zirconia oxygen separator is similar to the high temperature solid electrolyte fuel cells. However, the different requirements for the two systems are substantial, requiring developmental work on the oxygen separator. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, California has investigated the possible use of a zirconia solid electrolyte as an alternate oxygen source. During the course of this investigation fabrication techniques for manufacturing thin membranes of zirconia solid electrolyte were developed as well as unique design geometries for the oxygen separator system. The results of these fabrication developments and the oxygen separation system process development are the subject of this presentation.
Depression, faith-based coping, and short-term postoperative global functioning in adult and older patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Abstract Objectives This prospective study examined how preoperative depression and faith-based coping, assessed preoperatively and postoperatively, affected short-term postoperative global functioning (SPGF) following a major cardiac surgery. Methods We recruited 481 patients (male, 58%; mean age=62 years, range=35–89) 2 weeks before surgery for three sequential psychosocial interviews using standardized instruments. Of them, 426 completed the second interview, and 335 completed the postoperative follow-up. Results Multiple regression analyses showed that depression predicted poor SPGF, controlling for age, preoperative illness impact, and two noncardiac chronic conditions. Preoperative positive religious coping contributed to better SPGF, controlling for preoperative depression and other confounders. However, postoperatively assessed prayer coping was associated with poor SPGF. Conclusion Research should distinguish the longitudinal protection of generally adaptive faith-based coping styles from the increased usage of such coping for immediate distress, mobilized by crisis.
Formulation and in vitro release study on poly (DL-lactide) microspheres containing hydrophilic compounds : glycine homopeptides

Abstract Poly dl -lactide ( dl -PLA) microspheres containing glycine and its homopeptides viz. diglycine, triglycine, tetraglycine and pentaglycine were prepared using an oil emulsion and solvent evaporation technique. Optimization of processing parameters was studied on glycine and pentaglycine microspheres and it was found that a dl -PLA concentration of 10.3% w/w and an emulsifier (sorbitan sesquioleate) concentration of 0.3% v/v produced yields of microspheres with excellent entrapment when processed under following conditions: emulsions time, 1 min; solvent evaporation time, 2 min; internal phase: external phase ratio, 1:7; stirring speed, 1100 rpm; emulsion temperature, 5°C; and maximumm processing temperature, 35°C. Microspheres prepared as above at four different loadings (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% w/w) were analysed for percent entrapment, in vitro release and morphological characteristics. Gel permeation chromatography established that there was no observable polymer degradation during the 10-day release period with or without the model drug at 37.0 ± 0.5°C. Analysis if glycine or pentaglycine release data using dissolution or diffusion kinetics and scanning electron photographs of the intact and leached microspheres suggested that the release of glycine and its homopeptides from dl -PLA microspheres was mostly by diffusion through the matrix. However, for compounds having low aqueous solubility, e.g., tetra- and pentaglycine, dissolutionm played a rate-limiting role.
64-Year-Old Man With Dyspnea and Weight Gain

nd ine, , A 64-year-old man presented to our institution for evaluation of worsening dyspnea on exertion and weight gain. He had recently been hospitalized for syncope related to paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response, which was managed with rate control followed by atrioventricular node ablation. Since dismissal, he had experienced decompensation with progressive lower extremity edema, dyspnea on exertion, and orthopnea. During 1 week, he gained 6.3 kg despite increasing his diuretic dosage. The patient’s medical history was notable for ischemic cardiomyopathy with biventricular heart failure status after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement 6 years previously for primary prevention, upgraded to cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator (CRT) 6 months before the current admission; coronary artery disease status after 4-vessel coronary artery bypass surgery 20 years previously; paroxysmal atrial fibrillation managed with long-term anticoagulation; type 1 diabetes mellitus treated via an insulin pump; sleep apnea managed with continuous positive airway pressure; and living donor renal transplant 8 years previously managed with long-term immunosuppression without any episodes of rejection. His medications included carvedilol, losartan, digoxin, hydralazine, isosorbide mononitrate, pravastatin, torsemide, warfarin, aspirin/extended-release dipyridamole, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, and prednisone. He had never smoked, did not drink alcohol, and had no history of intravenous drug use. His family history was remarkable for coronary artery disease, heart failure, and renal failure in his mother and diabetes and coronary artery disease in his father. Physical examination revealed an overweight man with a body mass index of 27.1 kg/m, blood pressure of 109/69 mm Hg, heart rate of 60 beats/min, and temperature of 36.8 C. Cardiac examination showed an irregularly irregular rhythm with a grade