cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of Chronic Thrombocytopenia on In-Hospital Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Abstract Objectives This study sought to evaluate the impact of chronic thrombocytopenia (cTCP) on clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background The impact of cTCP on clinical outcomes after PCI is not well described. Results from single-center observational studies and subgroup analysis of randomized trials have been conflicting and these patients are either excluded or under-represented in randomized controlled trials. Methods Using the 2012 to 2014 National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample database, the study identified patients who underwent PCI with or without cTCP as a chronic condition variable indicator. Propensity score matching was performed using logistic regression to control for differences in baseline characteristics. The primary outcome of interest was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes of interest included in-hospital post-PCI bleeding events, post-PCI blood and platelet transfusion, vascular complications, ischemic cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs), hemorrhagic CVAs, and length of stay. Results Propensity matching yielded a cohort of 65,130 patients (32,565 with and without cTCP). Compared with those without cTCP, PCI in patients with cTCP was associated with higher risk for bleeding complications (odds ratio [OR]: 2.40; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.05 to 2.72; p Conclusions In this large contemporary cohort, patients with cTCP were at higher risk of a multitude of complications, including higher risk of in-hospital mortality.
The surviving sepsis controversy: a call to action for hospital medicine.

Introduction: There remains significant controversy behind the Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines, as evidenced by the Infectious Diseases Society of America refusing to endorse the latest iterat...
Serotonin induced hepatic steatosis is associated with modulation of autophagy and notch signaling pathway

Besides its neurotransmitter and vasoconstriction functions, serotonin is an important mediator of numerous biological processes in peripheral tissues including cell proliferation, steatosis, and fibrogenesis. Recent reports indicate that serotonin may promote tumor growth in liver cancer, however, the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. n this study, we investigated the role and molecular signaling mechanisms mediated by serotonin in liver cancer cell survival, drug resistance, and steatosis. Effect of serotonin on modulation of cell survival/proliferation was determined by MTT/WST1 assay. Effect of serotonin on the regulation of autophagy biomarkers and lipid/fatty acid proteins expression, AKT/mTOR and Notch signaling was evaluated by immunoblotting. The role of serotonin in normal human hepatocytes and liver cancer cell steatosis was analyzed by Oil Red O staining. The mRNA expression levels of lipid/fatty acid proteins and serotonin receptors were validated by qRT-PCR. The important roles of autophagy, Notch signaling, serotonin receptors and serotonin re-uptake proteins on serotonin-mediated cell steatosis were investigated by using selective inhibitors or antagonists. The association of peripheral serotonin, autophagy, and hepatic steatosis was also investigated using chronic EtOH fed mouse model. Exposure of liver cancer cells to serotonin induced Notch signaling and autophagy, independent of AKT/mTOR pathway. Also, serotonin enhanced cancer cell proliferation/survival and drug resistance. Furthermore, serotonin treatment up-regulated the expression of lipogenic proteins and increased steatosis in liver cancer cells. Inhibition of autophagy or Notch signaling reduced serotonin-mediated cell steatosis. Treatment with serotonin receptor antagonists 5-HTr1B and 5-HTr2B reduced serotonin-mediated cell steatosis; in contrast, treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) increased steatosis. In addition, mice fed with chronic EtOH resulted in increased serum serotonin levels which were associated with the induction of hepatic steatosis and autophagy. Serotonin regulates liver cancer cell steatosis, cells survival, and may promote liver carcinogenesis by activation of Notch signaling and autophagy.
G-OnRamp: A Galaxy-based platform for creating genome browsers for collaborative genome annotation

Summary: G-OnRamp provides a user-friendly, web-based platform for collaborative, end-to-end annotation of eukaryotic genomes using UCSC Assembly Hubs and JBrowse/Apollo genome browsers with evidence tracks derived from sequence alignments, ab initio gene predictors, RNA-Seq data, and repeat finders. Researchers can use the G-OnRamp output to visualize large genomics datasets, and can utilize the output to drive collaborative genome annotation projects in both research and educational settings. Availability and Implementation: The G-OnRamp virtual machine images and tutorials are freely available on the G-OnRamp web site (http://g-onramp.org/deployments). The G-OnRamp source code is freely available under an Academic Free License version 3.0 through the goeckslab GitHub repository (https://github.com/goeckslab). Contact: goecksj@ohsu.edu
Activating Bilingual English Language Learners’ Strengths in Science: The Pedagogy of Argument Driven Inquiry (ADI)

Bilingual English Language Learner (ELL) students need more opportunities to learn how to read, write, and discuss science as they learn to use the core ideas, crosscutting concepts, and practices of science to develop explanations for natural phenomena or to solve problems. This chapter describes how teachers can use the Argument Driven Inquiry (ADI) instructional approach to provide bilingual ELL students with opportunities to participate in the practices of science while strengthening both their English and scientific literacy skills. This type of language-intensive instructional approach can also help bilingual ELL students develop and maintain science identities.
Radiation-balanced lasing in tandem semiconductor/rare-earth surface-emitting lasers (Conference Presentation)

Since optical refrigeration has been demonstrated in rare-earth doped media, its most logical application has been development of a radiation balanced laser (RBL). While efficient and versatile rare-earth solid state laser operates only on a few discrete wavelengths. At the same time semiconductor gain medium can be easily engineered to lase over the entire visible and near IR spectrum. But achieving cooling and RBL in semiconductor medium has proven elusive due to both fundamental (hard to simultaneously achieve gain and anti-Stokes luminescence) and practical (background absorption) reasons. Therefore, it would be worthwhile to consider an alternative, tandem structure in which rare earth doped medium would cool the optically pumped semiconductor laser. In this work we provide guidelines for development of such a laser and estimate its characteristics under realistic conditions.
TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT VERSUS SURGICAL AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (INSIGHTS FROM THE NATIONWIDE INPATIENT DATABASE)

Little is known on the outcomes of surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) versus transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We queried the Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database (2011-2014). We performed a propensity score matched analysis based on 25
Interplay between SM precision, BSM physics, and the measurements of α had in μ - e scattering

Muon electron scattering experiments such as the proposed MUonE experiment offer an opportunity for an improved measurement of the leading-order hadronic running of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$, denoted $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{had}}$. Such a measurement could be utilized to reduce the theoretical uncertainty on the prediction of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, $g\ensuremath{-}2$. Currently, there is a discrepancy between theory and data for this observable, which could potentially be explained by beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics. Here we investigate the possible impact of missing Standard Model (SM) higher-order corrections and BSM physics on the proposed measurement of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{had}}$. In principle, either could be indirectly fitted into $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{had}}$, causing inconsistencies if used in a $g\ensuremath{-}2$ application. The literature suggests a target of 10 ppm on the cross section for the theoretical accuracy. We assess the validity of this target in detail using a variety of methods, finding that a 1 ppm target is a more conservative estimate to ensure that missing higher orders do not dominate the theoretical uncertainty. For the potential BSM contributions, we study various models which contribute first at tree and loop level. Of particular interest is the impact from dark photon models, which can potentially affect the measurement of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{had}}$ at the desired accuracy. At loop level, there exists in general a kinematic suppression adequate to reduce the BSM contributions to a level which can be neglected for the extraction of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{had}}$.
Paying for Disasters

In June and July, 2019, record flooding inundated towns and agricultural land throughout the Mississippi basin, surpassing the Great Flood of 1927, one of the worst disasters in U.S. history. In November, 2018, the Camp Fire in Northern California decimated the town of Paradise and became the deadliest and most destructive wildfire in California history. As climate change increases the severity of droughts, wildfires, flooding, hurricanes and other extreme weather, property damages will escalate and individuals, companies, and governments will seek cost reimbursement from others. Ultimately, we must all pay the economic costs of climate change that we cannot avoid through prevention, disaster response, and retreat. All of us contribute to climate change but the costs of climate-related harms are not fairly distributed across our communities. This Article examines the ways we are currently paying for disasters. Those seeking recovery for property damage from disasters have increasingly turned to state inverse condemnation and damagings claims. These claims offer an alternative to tort liability and align government incentives to act for the public benefit while taking into account those individuals and entities who suffer greater burdens. The author proposes that inverse condemnation and damagings claims in all states and the federal government should apply a strict liability standard, which would compensate those people damaged by activities designed to benefit the public as a whole. Approaching takings claims as a mechanism for risk spreading would also allow takings claims for government inaction when there is a duty to act for the public benefit. Tort doctrines such as negligence, nuisance, reasonableness, and intent should not be applicable to the takings analysis, which focuses on equitably spreading the benefits and burdens of acts taken for a public benefit. Insurance is also a mechanism for spreading the risk, but insurers must price their policies to incentivize property owners in disaster-prone areas to explore development alternatives, take special precautions in building, and think hard about rebuilding after a disaster. In certain situations, the government may assist landowners to voluntarily relocate by using eminent domain to buy-out risky properties. Finally, public or private entities held strictly liable for disaster damages from flooding or wildfire should be able to pass these costs on to those who have received the benefit of their actions. That is, unless the entities have been negligent in fulfilling their duties to the public. Ratepayers and taxpayers will need to bear much of the cost for receiving public benefits and utility rates and taxes should reflect the increased risk of living in disaster-prone areas. Paying for disasters in the future will not be easy, but we must face these challenges together and ensure that we are distributing the benefits and burdens of our public needs as equitably as possible.
Looking at Lives: American Longitudinal Studies of the Twentieth Century: Edited by Erin Phelps, Frank F. Furstenberg, Jr., and Anne Colby; New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2002, 378 pages

Fourteen papers plus a very good introduction by two of the editors constitute this work. The papers, authored by many of the pioneers of longitudinal studies, were a product of a conference at the...
Behavioral and Neuronal Interactions between Exercise and Alcohol: Sex and Genetic Differences

Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) lead to early death and many devastating consequences for individuals, families and society. Currently, few effective treatments are available, but emerging research suggests exercise might be beneficial in some individuals. To develop the most effective exercise treatment program, more research on intensity, type, timing, stage of addiction, drug involved, sex of subject and subject population is needed. This review highlights the complexity of the interaction between alcohol behaviors and exercise, with a focus on the role of sex and genetics. Moreover, we describe a variety of rodent models used to investigate the neuronal physiology changes that underlie alcohol consumption and exercise. Specifically, current data indicate that moderate exercise may ameliorate neuronal damage caused by alcohol consumption. Additionally, we describe studies of rodent models in the context of hedonic substitution to draw broad conclusions about shared underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Until recently, most studies in rodents were performed only in males, and few studies have utilized different genetic strains of mice or rats. Comparing similar behavioral paradigms across sex and strain, it has become clear that major sex and genetic differences exist for each behavioral context alone (alcohol consumption and exercise) and combined. Therefore, future research in this area should be developed with careful study design and attention to address both of these factors.
Airway protection & patterns of dysphagia in infants with down syndrome: Videofluoroscopic swallow study findings & correlations.

Abstract Introduction Down syndrome is a genetic condition that affects 1:737 births. Along with cardiac, otolaryngologic, and developmental anomalies, infants with Down syndrome can have swallowing difficulties resulting in respiratory infections. This study aims to characterize the airway protection and dysphagia seen in infants with Down syndrome. Methods This is a retrospective chart review of infants with Down syndrome who underwent videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS) from 2008 to 2018 at a tertiary children's hospital. Demographic data and VFSS findings were collected. Results 89.8% (114/127) of infants presented with at least one element of oral dysphagia, while 72.4% (92/127) had at least one element of pharyngeal dysphagia. Sucking skills were classified as abnormal in 63.7% of the patients and bolus formation-control was determined to be deficient (abnormal) in 62.2% of the patients. Oral residuals were present in 37.8% of the patients. With regard to pharyngeal phase, the swallow initiation was considered abnormal in 53.5% of the patients. Pharyngeal residue was present in 17.3% and pharyngo-nasal reflux was present in 27.5% of the patients. Conclusions Swallowing assessments in infants with Down syndrome suspected of dysphagia should be considered, especially in those with any alterations in pulmonary health.
Mycobacteria and immunosuppression

Abstract Mycobacterial infections are complex diseases and are even more in individuals suffering from immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). They can cause tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) pulmonary infections, other localized NTM or disseminated infections, leprosy, and chronic ulcers (Buruli ulcer). IMID-afflicted patients are at increased risk, often have atypical clinical presentations and unusual or complicated clinical courses during therapy. Providers taking care of individuals with IMID must have some knowledge about mycobacterial infections to recognize and diagnose the disease. They should not treat those infections alone and should look for expert guidance. Treatment usually implies multiple drugs that can cause severe side effects. This hazard can be reduced with judicious selection of therapeutic agents and close monitoring. Prevention of disease acquisition, reactivation, and recurrence should also be sought.
Hide and seek: interplay between influenza viruses and B cells

Influenza virus constantly acquires genetic mutations/reassortment in the major surface protein, hemagglutinin (HA), resulting in the generation of strains with antigenic variations. There are, however, HA epitopes that are conserved across influenza viruses and are targeted by broadly protective antibodies. A goal for the next-generation influenza vaccines is to stimulate B-cell responses against such conserved epitopes in order to provide broad protection against divergent influenza viruses. Broadly protective B cells, however, are not easily activated by HA antigens with native structure, because the virus has multiple strategies to escape from the humoral immune responses directed to the conserved epitopes. One such strategy is to hide the conserved epitopes from the B-cell surveillance by steric hindrance. Technical advancement in the analysis of the human B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) repertoire has dissected the BCRs to HA epitopes that are hidden in the native structure but are targeted by broadly protective antibodies. We describe here the characterization and function of broadly protective antibodies and strategies that enable B cells to seek these hidden epitopes, with potential implications for the development of universal influenza vaccines.
Secondary prevention for posttraumatic stress and related symptoms among women whohave experienced a recent sexual assault: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background Women who have experienced a recent sexual assault (SA) are at high risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related conditions, with approximately half of women experiencing SA meeting criteria for PTSD. There are no guidelines for the prevention of PTSD and other common mental health disorders after SA. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to synthesize research on secondary preventions for PTSD after SA, determine efficacy whether any intervention seems promising, and ascertain when, how, and to whom interventions should be delivered. Methods After searching electronic databases for secondary preventions for PTSD and related conditions among women who have experienced a recent SA, 17 studies were reviewed, their quality was rated on the clinical trial assessment measure, and 10 studies were meta-analyzed (7 were excluded, as they were not randomized controlled trials or due to the absence of heterogeneity). Results Results suggested a small-to-moderate effect of prevention on reducing PTSD and related symptoms. There was no moderating effect of medication versus psychosocial interventions, timing, treatment modality, or targeted versus universal prevention. Half of the studies were of high quality. Conclusion Cognitive-behavioral secondary preventions for PTSD appear to be safe and effective among women who have experienced a recent SA. Future research should identify best practices and mechanisms of treatment, and once identified, it should move toward implementation science.
Molecular epidemiology of noroviruses from infantile diarrhea at Suzhou and Nanjing area in Jiangsu province in 2010

Objective To investigate norovirus infection status and indentify its epidemiological characteristics and genotype distribution in infantile viral diarrhea in Jiangsu.Methods Four hundred and ninety-eight fecal specimens of infantile virus diarrhea cases were collected from Suzhou Children's hospital and Nanjing Children's hospital in 2010.Norovirus genegroup were detected by real-time RT-PCR,and genetype were determined by sequence analysis.Results Among all fecal specimens,2 (0.4％) cases were positive for norovirus G Ⅰ,and 190 (38％) cases for G Ⅱ.Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that in the 2 samples for G Ⅰ,one strain was G Ⅰ 1 and another was G Ⅰ 3.Twenty-one strains were belonged to G Ⅱ 4 and 2 strains were G Ⅱ 3 in the 23 samples for G Ⅱ.Conclusion As one of the most important pathogens causing infantile viral diarrhea in Jiangsu province,subtype G Ⅱ 4 was the main epidemic strain of norovirus,meanwhile other genotypes also existed. Key words: Norovirus; Genotype; Phylogenetic tree