cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mining Twitter Data to Understand the Human Sentiment on Hurricane Florence

Introduction: Most studies have analyzed how natural disasters exert a severe impact on the regional level in the disaster period based on quantitative methods. This study aimed to highlight how Hurricane Florence exerts an impact on human life and societies across US states in a multitude of periods by employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. Method: This study developed a new app called “Twitgis,” collected 1,433,032 tweets, and employed 57,842 data filtered for Hurricane Florence between 08-21-2018 and 10-01-2018. Results: First, this study showed that the spatial patterns of tweets are differentiated by periods. For example, the spatial patterns of tweets are more concentrated in the south region in the pre-hurricane period, the spatial patterns of tweets are heavily concentrated in the Southeast region in the hurricane period, and the spatial patterns of tweets are more located in the Northeast region in the post-hurricane period. Second, the most retweeted tweet shows that human sentiment plays an important role in disaster information more than news of the hurricane in online communication. The first ranked tweet is about two times higher than the sum of the retweet numbers between the top two and top 20. Third, this study found that people actively utilize Twitter to share a lot of emotions, opinions, information, and so on for Hurricane Florence. For instance, about one-fifth of tweets in the sentiment analysis are emotions for the hurricane event. Conclusion: Governments and policymakers should monitor Twitter data to understand the effects of natural disasters on people and the human environment.
Open4Business(O4B): An Open Access Dataset for Summarizing Business Documents.

A major challenge in fine-tuning deep learning models for automatic summarization is the need for large domain specific datasets. One of the barriers to curating such data from resources like online publications is navigating the license regulations applicable to their re-use, especially for commercial purposes. As a result, despite the availability of several business journals there are no large scale datasets for summarizing business documents. In this work, we introduce Open4Business(O4B),a dataset of 17,458 open access business articles and their reference summaries. The dataset introduces a new challenge for summarization in the business domain, requiring highly abstractive and more concise summaries as compared to other existing datasets. Additionally, we evaluate existing models on it and consequently show that models trained on O4B and a 7x larger non-open access dataset achieve comparable performance on summarization. We release the dataset, along with the code which can be leveraged to similarly gather data for multiple domains.
A general framework for directional intra prediction with varying angle for video coding

Video coding standards such as H.264/AVC, HEVC, VVC, etc., all employ intra prediction where a directional prediction uses a single prediction direction inside a coding block. The underlying idea is that the object directionalities remain unchanged over the entire coding block. This is a simplistic model as the object directionalities over a block can change, especially if the block size is relatively large. In such a case, using a single prediction direction over a coding block will lead to smaller coding blocks after rate-distortion (R-D) optimization with side information for partitioning into smaller blocks. A better idea would be to allow the prediction direction to change gradually over the same coding block such that objects with slow changing directionalities can be modelled in larger blocks without splitting them. This would demand additional complexity and the side information required for model parameters. This paper proposes a general framework which supports this change of prediction direction inside a block and presents practical solutions for low complexity implementations. Simulation results with VVC test model (VTM 4) software show Luma BD-rate gain of 0.11% in All Intra (AI) configuration.
Assessing Race and Socioeconomic Status Based Differences in Survival after Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy for Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

Purpose Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) is a definitive treatment for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Race and socioeconomic based disparities in PTE outcomes have not been well studied. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent PTE for CTEPH at our institution from June 2009 to July 2019, tracking patient demographic information including self-identified race, preoperative variables, and 5-year mortality. SES was assessed using the zip code-linked Distressed Communities Index, a validated holistic measure of community well-being. Survival was estimated with Kaplan-Meier and compared using the log-rank test. Factors associated with mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards analysis. Results Of the 235 patients that underwent PTE during the study period, 100 (42.5%) were white and 88 (37.4%) were black. Out of our 47 (20.1%) patients who were not white or black, we had too few patients of other races to analyze. White patients had a higher median age at surgery than black patients (57 vs 52 years, p = 0.043). There was no difference in 5-year mortality after PTE between black and white patients (p = 0.54, Figure 1). SES (HR 0.97, 95% CI [0.94,0.996], p=0.02) was significantly associated with mortality, while race (HR 0.78, 95% CI [.213, 2.891], p=0.78) was not. Conclusion SES but not race was not associated with mortality following PTE at our center. However, additional studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.
Opposing Effects of an Atypical Glycinergic and Substance P Co-Transmission on Interpeduncular Nucleus Plasticity

The medial habenula-interpeduncular nucleus (MHb-IPN) pathway has recently been implicated in the suppression of fear memory. A notable feature of this pathway is the co-release of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides from MHb neurons. Our studies in mice reveal that an activation of substance P-positive dorsomedial habenula (dMHb) neurons results in simultaneous release of glutamate and glycine in the lateral interpeduncular nucleus (LIPN). This glycine receptor activity inhibits an activity-dependent long-lasting potentiation of the dMHb-LIPN synapses, while substance P enhances this plasticity. An endocannabinoid CB1 receptor-mediated suppression of GABAB receptor activity allows substance P to induce a long-lasting increase in glutamate release in LIPN neurons. Consistent with the substance P-dependent synaptic potentiation in the LIPN, the NK1R in the IPN is involved in fear extinction but not fear conditioning. Thus, our study describes a novel plasticity mechanism in the LIPN and a region specific role of substance P in fear extinction.
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Induced by Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and Newly Diagnosed Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, but life-threatening disorder of pathologic immune system activation which results in a hyperinflammatory state. Previous studies have suggested that hematologic malignancies are often inciting factors for HLH and portend a poorer prognosis. However, the substantial overlap between features of hematologic malignancies and HLH makes recognition and prompt diagnosis of HLH a complex and difficult task. We present a case of a young male who presented with acute dyspnea on exertion, unintentional weight loss, and fatigue. He was found to have pancytopenia, fever, splenomegaly, and Epstein-Barr viremia and was subsequently diagnosed with nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma. Five of eight 2004-HLH criteria were met and the patient was started on intravenous dexamethasone (10 mg/m2 daily), acyclovir, and AAVD (brentuximab, doxorubicin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) chemotherapy protocol with improvement in his symptoms and laboratory findings.
Patient demographics and cardiovascular risk factors differentially influence geometric remodeling of the aorta compared with the peripheral arteries

Background Detailed knowledge of the dimensions and shape of the main arteries of the body and how they change with age and disease is important for understanding arterial pathophysiology and improving minimally invasive devices to treat arterial diseases. Our goal was to describe and compare geometric remodeling of the aorta and peripheral arteries in the context of patient demographics and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods Three-dimensional reconstructions of computed tomography angiography scans were performed in 122 subjects 5–93 years of age (mean 47 ± 24 years, 64 M/58 F). Best-fit arterial diameters, lengths, and tortuosity for the principle named arteries in the chest, abdomen, pelvis, and upper thigh were measured, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to examine how these morphologic parameters associate with patient demographics and risk factors. Results Large elastic arteries increased their diameter, length, and tortuosity with age, whereas muscular arteries primarily became more tortuous. Demographics and risk factors explained >70% of the variation in diameters of the abdominal aorta, paravisceral aorta, and the aortic arch; and >75% of variation in tortuosity from the profunda femoris to the brachiocephalic artery. Male sex, larger body mass index, and hypertension contributed to larger diameters, whereas the presence of diabetes was associated with somewhat-straighter arteries. Overall, the effects of cardiovascular risk factors on geometric remodeling were small compared with those of demographics. Conclusion The geometry of the vascular tree is greatly affected by aging, demographics, and some risk factors. Elastic and muscular arteries remodel differently, possibly as the result of differences in their microstructure.
Adaptive control can robustify uncertain control systems

A "nominal" plant is usually the object of design. The controllers then attempt to maintain some performance in spite of the uncertainty usually existant in the real world. In the presence of large, and possibly time-varying, uncertainties, fixed linear controllers may result in poor behavior or even in total divergence. Adaptive techniques have been conceived to cope with uncertainty. However, real-time identification of plant parameters may be too slow to allow for a solution in fast changing environments, such as flight control, power plants, etc. Simple adaptive control techniques have been developed for uncertain systems. These techniques utilize the stabilizability property of the plant to be controlled and automatically tune the control gains. The stability and performance are maintained in spite of the large variations in plant parameters. The adaptive gains increase only at those moments when high gains are required to maintain the performance, and may decrease immediately afterwards. The adaptive controller acts to fit the right gains at the right time as a function of the changing need. This way, during regular times the control system is almost unaffected by adaptation, but it is strongly supported during difficult times.
Serum proteins and blood vitamins in anemia of the chronically ill. Possible role of protein undernutrition

Abstract Chronic anemia not associated with malignancy, infection, uremia, arthritis or liver disease occurs frequently in hospitalized chronically ill patients. Evidence is presented that the anemia is not due to deficiency of iron, folic acid, vitamin B 12 or pyridoxine. It is associated with underweight, with decreased serum albumin, and with increased alpha I and gamma serum globulin. With supporting evidence from animal studies done by others, it is proposed that the anemia is due to prolonged protein calorie undernutrition.
A Framework for Evaluating Return on Investment in Management Development Programs

Return on Investment (ROI) is a financial metric that can be used to evaluate training and development investments. The objective of this research is to develop an evaluation process using ROI to assess the financial performance of management development programs. A three-phase model for ROI evaluation is presented. These phases include assessment planning, data collection, and data analysis. This model is then tested and applied to a management development program. This paper provides a template for ROI evaluation that can be used to evaluate a wide variety of training and development activities by food and agribusiness firms.
Exposure to mercury and Aroclor 1268 congeners in least terns (Sternula antillarum) in coastal Georgia, USA

Concentrations of total mercury and the rare PCB mixture Aroclor 1268 in least terns (Sternula antillarum), a colonially-nesting, piscivorous seabird, in the Turtle River estuary and other coastal sites in Georgia, USA, were investigated. The Turtle River estuary is the location of the Linden Chemical Plant (LCP) Superfund site, a site prioritized by USA law for immediate remediation, where industries released effluent containing these contaminants until 1994. Aroclor 1268 is a highly-chlorinated PCB mixture that was used and released exclusively at the LCP site and nowhere else in the south eastern USA. High concentrations of Aroclor 1268 congeners and mercury have been documented in biota local to LCP, but no studies report concentrations in high trophic level, piscivorous birds such as least terns. We collected feathers and feces from chicks, and eggs from adults, at nesting colonies along the Georgia coast to analyze contaminant loads (in dry weight ppb). Mean Aroclor 1268 mixture concentrations in eggs (≤16 329 ppb) were highest at colonies in and just outside LCP, and decreased with increasing distance (up to 110 km) from LCP, but the Aroclor 1268 signature congener mixture was present at all sites. Mercury concentrations in eggs (≤3370 ppb), feathers (≤5950 ppb), and feces (≤417 ppb), were present at all sites, but did not vary significantly among sites. This report confirms the extensive dispersal of Aroclor 1268 congeners (approximately 110 km north and 70 km south of its point source) via bioaccumulation and trophic transfer.
Obesity and the Availability of Fast-Food: An Instrumental Variables Approach

This paper addresses the simultaneous determination of fast-food availability on obesity rates through the use of instrumental variables, specifically the number of interstate exits in the county of residence. Using the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey and self-collected data on the density of various fast-food restaurants in US counties, I find that a ten percent increase in the number of restaurants from the mean would increase BMI by .33 points, roughly 1.05kg for a male 1.78 meters tall and .88kg for a female 1.64 meters tall. The results are robust to the selection criteria for counties and the method yields results comparable to previous work looking at rural counties, though the sample employed here is much more generalizable.
Precocious Readers: Past, Present, and Future.

Precocious readers represent a small portion of children who enter school each year. Researchers have investigated the environmental characteristics, acquisition process, psycholinguistic and neuro...
Microelectronics and photonics test bed (MPTB)

The microelectronics and photonics test bed (MPTB) is being developed to evaluate the performance of components planned for next generation operational spacecraft in the space radiation environment in advance of their scheduled deployment in operational missions. Important new technologies such as fiber optics, photonics, sensors, CCDs and room temperature focal plane arrays are space qualified and tested as well as new microelectronics devices such as advanced micro-processors, memories, logic gates, and analog to digital converters. It is expected that 50 to 60 microelectronic device types and a few photonics subsystems will be tested in space in the MPTB. Before launch, identical copies of the devices selected for space testing are tested on the ground at accelerators. Predictions of the behavior of the devices in the space radiation environment are made based on the ground test results and detailed models which are developed for each of the devices.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Black leadership, white leadership: race and race relations in an urban high school

Purpose – The purpose of this study was to investigate how race and race relations influence school leadership practice.Design/methodology/approach – This ethnographic study was conducted in a high‐poverty, high‐minority, urban high school in the Southeastern USA. The authors utilized an anthropological conceptual framework called a moiety, through which the school's leadership culture was conceived as two distinct racial leadership subcultures, one black and one white.Findings – Findings suggested that the members of each of these leadership subcultures conceived of and enacted leadership in a different manner. Members of each subculture interacted with one another in a manner consistent with anthropological inquiry focused on moiety cultures.Research limitations/implications – Though under‐used in educational leadership research, the moiety approach seems to have potential for explaining certain (sub)cultural dynamics of leadership in organizations. In the context of this school, race and race relations...
Longevity of Echinostoma caproni in Balb/c mice.

This study used Balb/c mice to examine the longevity of Echinostoma caproni . Five mice each exposed to 75 encysted metacercariae (cysts) were necropsied at 23 weeks postinfection (PI) (160 days PI). Two of the 5 were infected with a total of 33 worms; 23 in one mouse and 10 in the other. Body and organ area measurements showed that these worms were robust and normal in appearance. No signs of atrophy of any of the genital structures were observed. The mean ± SE of eggs/uterus per worm ( n = 10) was 243 ± 6. This strain of mouse will be suitable to study the effect of long-term survival on the host–parasite relationship of E. caproni in Balb/c mice.
Minimal Settlement Assets in Economies with Interconnected Financial Obligations

A model is developed where firms belonging to a group are obliged to make payments to one another by using a liquid asset. The paper studies the exogenous endowments of this asset that are necessary to assure that all obligations are met. Conditions are presented under which the degree to which firms are interconnected (so that each creditor has more debtors and each debtor has more creditors) increases the number of firms that must be endowed with the liquid asset. Interconnectedness then makes payment defaults more likely. By acquiring too many payment obligations, firms may also become too interconnected.
Undiscounted optimal growth in the two-sector Robinson-Solow-Srinivasan model: a synthesis of the value-loss approach and dynamic programming

We highlight two features of undiscounted optimal growth in the context of a two-sector model due to Robinson, Solow and Srinivasan. First, we use the value-loss approach of Radner-Gale-McKenzie to show a multiplicity of optimal programs in situations when optimality does not coincide with value-loss minimization. Second, we use a theory of undiscounted dynamic programming, not available in the literature, to derive properties of the optimal policy correspondence. In terms of a methodological perspective, we suggest a synthesis of the two methods for the analysis of problems of optimal intertemporal resource allocation
Probing the topology of the glutamate receptor GluR1 subunit using epitope-Tag insertions.

At least two different models for the transmembrane topology of the glutamate receptor subunits have been proposed. We investigated some features of these two models for the GluR1 subunit by inserting epitope tags between residues Lys 502 -Pro 503 , Ala 632 -Glu 633 , Lys 712 -Pro 713 , or after the C-terminal residue Leu 889 . The accessibility of the tags then was detected using a tag-specific antibody before and after detergent-permeabilizing oocytes expressing the tagged subunits. The epitope tag inserted between residues Lys 712 -Pro 713 is extracellular and after Leu 889 intracellular. Epitope tags inserted between residues Lys 502 -Pro 503 and residues Ala 632 -Glu 633 were not detectable. Collectively, these results provide supporting evidence for a previously proposed topological model of GluR subunits containing an N-terminal extracellular domain, three transmembrane domains, the first two of which are bridged by a reentrant membrane pore-lining loop, and an intracellular C-terminal domain.
Stability of flat spacetime in quantum gravity

In a previous paper, a modified effective-action formalism was developed which produces equations satisfied by the expectation value of the field, rather than the usual in-out average. Here this formalism is applied to a quantized scalar field in a background which is a small perturbation from Minkowski spacetime. The one-loop effective field equation describes the back reaction of created particles on the gravitational field, and is calculated in this paper to linear order in the perturbation. In this way we rederive an equation first found by Horowitz using completely different methods. This equation possesses exponentially growing solutions, so we confirm Horowitz's conclusion that flat spacetime is unstable in this approximation to the theory. The new derivation shows that the field equation is just as useful as the one-loop approximation to the in-out equation, contrary to earlier arguments. However, the instability suggests that the one-loop approximation cannot be trusted for gravity. These results are compared with the corresponding situation in QED and QCD.
Some new problems in the micromechanics

Abstract Main fundamental subjects in the micromechanics are mathematical and mechanical formulations for inclusions and dislocations as shown in Mura [T. Mura, Micromechanics of Defects in Solids, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1987]. Literature surveying inclusion problems, further mathematical development and applications of the inclusion theory to material transformation and composite materials were reported in [T. Mura, Appl. Mech. Rev. 41 (1988) 15–20] and [T. Mura, H.M. Shodja, Y. Hirose, Appl. Mech. Rev. 49 (1996) 118–127]. This paper proposes some new problems associated with the fundamental mathematical mechanical formulations of the inclusion. If an important old problem has not been solved yet, the old problem is a new frontier. Eshelby conjecture states that the ellipsoidal inclusions in an isotropic elastic medium are the only kind inclusions with the remarkable property that the stress field inside the inclusion is uniform if the prescribed eigenstrain in uniform [J.D. Eshelby, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A. 46 (1957) 376–396; J.D. Eshelby, Elastic inclusions and inhomogeneities, in: I.N. Snedon, R. Hill (Eds.), Progress in Solid Mechanics, vol. 2, North Holland, Amsterdam, 1961, pp. 89–140]. Recently, Mura [T. Mura, Mech. Res. Commun. 24 (1997) 473–482] found that a m -pointed polygonal inclusion subjected to the uniform eigenstrain would also produce the uniform stress field inside the inclusion, if m is an odd number. Contradictory to this result, several papers have been reported as well, for instance, Rodin [G.J. Rodin, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 44 (1996) 473–482], Nozaki and Taya [H. Nozaki, M. Taya, J. Appl. Mech. (1997) 495–502], Markenscoff [X. Markenscoff, J. Mech. Phys. Solids (1998)], and Shozu et al. [W. Shozu, K. Hirashima, Y. Hirose, Jpn. Soc. Mech. Eng. (1996) 1643–1648]. The so-called mechanics of materials should study physical properties of materials more than the elastic moduli. A new method is proposed to satisfy the need mentioned above. The Schrodinger equation is used in determination of eigenstrain [T. Mura, The eigenstrain method applied to fracture and fatigue mechanics, in: G.C. Sih, H. Nishitani, T. Ishibara (Eds.), Role of Fracture Mechanics in Modern Technology, 1987, pp. 145–152]. The semi-infinite chain of point atoms bonded longitudinally by linear bendable elements and linear stretchable elements with spacing, a 0 , zero-stress separation, b 0 , and spring constants, α and β , employed by Kitamura et al. [K. Kitamura, I.L. Marksimov, K. Nishioka, Phil. Mag. Lett. 75 (6) (1997) 343–350], can be considered in terms of the eigendistortion to explain the effect of temperature on the crack-lattice trapping (CLT) phenomenon.
N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptors Expressed in a Nonneuronal Cell Line Mediate Subunit-specific Increases in Free Intracellular Calcium

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors can mediate cell death in neurons and in non-neuronal cells that express recombinant NMDA receptors. In neurons, increases in intracellular calcium correlate with NMDA receptor-mediated death, supporting a key role for loss of cellular calcium homeostasis in excitotoxic cell death. In the present study, free intracellular calcium concentrations were examined in response to activation of recombinant NMDA receptors expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Intracellular calcium was measured in transfected cell populations by cotransfection with the calcium-sensitive, bioluminescent protein aequorin and by single cell imaging with the fluorescent calcium indicator fluo-3. Agonist application to NR1/2A or NR1/2B-transfected cells elicited robust rises in intracellular calcium. NR1/2A responses were inhibited by the noncompetitive antagonists MK-801 and dextromethorphan and were dependent on extracellular calcium but not on intracellular calcium stores. In contrast, no detectable intracellular calcium responses were observed in NR1/2C-transfected cells. These findings indicate that NMDA receptors in the absence of other neuron-specific factors can mediate increases in intracellular calcium with subunit specificity and extracellular calcium dependence.
Disparate voices: The magic show of sociology

C. Wright Mills directed sociologists to use sociological imaginations to understand the happenings in the world at large and to understand people through points where history and biographies intersect. Using this approach as it applies to sociology as a discipline, I examine its intersection of history and biography with regard to silencing voices that are not the status quo, i.e. white, male, and middle class. I do this using the metaphor of a magic show with three magic acts: Pulling a White Rabbit out of a Black Hat, Levitation, and The Vanishing Woman. These acts refer to the history of sociology of repressing the voices of the nonwhite, non-middle class and of women.
Cidofovir transport in the pigmented rabbit conjunctiva

PURPOSE. To characterize cidofovir ((S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl) cytosine) transport in the pigmented rabbit conjunctiva and to evaluate the formulation influence on its transport. METHODS. The excised pigmented rabbit conjunctiva was mounted in the modified Ussing chamber. Cidofovir transport was initiated by applying 3 H-cidofovir to the donor compartment and assessed by measuring the radioactivity accumulated in the receiver fluid over 180 min. RESULTS. Cidofovir flux in the mucosal-to-serosal direction increased proportionally with drug concentration over the 0.01 to 1 mM range. Cidofovir transport (0.01 mM) at 37°C in the mucosal-to-serosal direction was not significantly different from that in the opposite direction or from that at 4°C. Hypotonicity (80 mOsm/kg), 0.5% EDTA, and 0.0125% benzalkonium chloride increased the apparent permeability coefficient of cidofovir 3, 21, and 49 times, respectively. This was accompanied by a corresponding 43%, 86%, and 96% reduction in the transconj...
From oral histories to visual narratives: re-presenting the post-September 11 experiences of the Muslim women in the USA

Since the attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington, DC on 11 September 2001, Muslims or Muslim-looking people in the USA have experienced a significant increase in hostility and hate violence. The anti-Muslim hate crimes have affected the lives of these people of color in significant ways. In this article I seek to recover part of the post-September 11 experiences of American Muslims that were obfuscated by the dominant anti-Muslim master narrative, which conflated the Islamic faith with terrorism and constructed all Muslims as dangerous anti-American outsiders. I explore a way of telling stories about these experiences using the expressive power of geospatial technologies. Using the experiences of a Muslim woman in Columbus (Ohio, USA) as an example, I describe how the technological spaces afforded by geographical information systems (GIS) may be used to illuminate the impact of the fear of anti-Muslim hate violence on the daily lives of Muslim women and to help a...
Incidental Prostate Cancer in Transurethral Resection of the Prostate Specimens in the Modern Era

Objectives. To identify rates of incidentally detected prostate cancer in patients undergoing surgical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Materials and Methods. A retrospective review was performed on all transurethral resections of the prostate (TURP) regardless of technique from 2006 to 2011 at a single tertiary care institution. 793 men (ages 45-90) were identified by pathology specimen. Those with a known diagnosis of prostate cancer prior to TURP were excluded (n = 22) from the analysis. Results. 760 patients had benign pathology; eleven (1.4%) patients were found to have prostate cancer. Grade of disease ranged from Gleason 3 + 3 = 6 to Gleason 3 + 4 = 7. Nine patients had cT1a disease and two had cT1b disease. Seven patients were managed by active surveillance with no further events, one patient underwent radiation, and three patients underwent radical prostatectomy. Conclusions. Our series demonstrates that 1.4% of patients were found to have prostate cancer, of these 0.5% required treatment. Given the low incidental prostate cancer detection rate, the value of pathologic review of TURP specimens may be limited depending on the patient population.
Metabolic rates and heart rate-metabolism relationships in the black duck (Anas rubripes)

Abstract 1. 1. All ducks exhibited a linear inverse relationship between metabolism and temperature below the lower critical temperature. 2. 2. Heavier male black ducks had a higher heat production on a per bird basis that did females. 3. 3. Heat production of ducks acclimated to 19°C was greater than that of birds acclimated to 5°C. 4. 4. Resting metabolism of ducks equipped with small radio transmitters was 19% higher than that of birds without radios. 5. 5. Significant correlations between heart rate and metabolism existed for most ducks.
An Evaluation of Obsessive Beliefs as Predictors of Performance on In Vivo Assessments of Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms

Research on the contribution of obsessive beliefs to specific subtypes of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) has been limited to the use of self-report measures. The current investigation used in vivo assessments of ordering and arranging, checking urges, contamination avoidance, and hand-washing to evaluate the relationships between beliefs about perfectionism and intolerance for uncertainty, responsibility and threat estimation, and importance and control of thoughts, as measured by the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-44, with symptoms of OCD. Through four separate studies (N = 566), we found that perfectionism and intolerance for uncertainty beliefs were uniquely predictive of performance on behavioral tasks involving ordering and arranging, checking, and washing. Contrary to hypotheses, responsibility and threat beliefs were not uniquely associated with any task performance variable, and no obsessive belief domain was predictive of contamination behavioral approach. Theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
A block-size bound for Steiner 6–wise balanced designs

If B is a block in a proper Steiner 6–wise balanced design then |B| ≤ v/2. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Combin Designs 8: 141–145, 2000
755 GLYCOPROTEINS IN CULTURE MEDIUM: A COMPARISON FROM CYSTIC FIBROSIS (CF) AND CONTROL SKIN FIBROBLASTS

Glycoproteins of high molecular weight are found associated with the cell surface or in growth media of fibroblasts and other cell types in culture. Several abnormalities of glycoproteins in CF have been reported. Therefore the glycoproteins from the media of CF and matched control skin fibroblasts were isolated and partially characterized. Cells were labeled with L-[3H]fucose and grown in medium containing 10% serum. For some experiments the cells were subsequently grown in serum free medium for 48 hours prior to harvest. Media were examined from cells in both log and confluent phases of the growth cycle. The four methods used to isolate the glycoproteins were cryoprecipitation, ammonium sulfate precipitation, heparin precipitation and a heparin-sepharose column. The precipitated proteins were characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and protein and carbohydrate content. Different classes of glycoproteins were obtained with each of the four methods. Only heparin precipitation yielded a single radioactive glycoprotein (Mr>200,000) demonstrated by gel electrophoresis. Several qualitative and quantitative differences were noted. In all cases less protein per cell was precipitated by heparin from the CF medium when compared to control. USPHS grant AM16859 and CF Foundation Student Traineeships.
Social security and physical quality of life in developing nations: A cross-national analysis

Much research has been done assessing cross-national variation in level of social security program development, but very little analysis has been done of the link between social security development and social welfare outputs such as physical quality of life. There is much debate as to whether any independent effect remains once differences in level of development are taken into consideration. Hypotheses derived from several general theories of inequality and welfare state development are tested. The analysis is based in part on a cross-sectional sample of 80 developing nations and in part on a pooled sample for 1970 and 1975. We find strong support for hypotheses derived from industrialism theory and demographic modernization theory. In addition we find support for hypotheses derived from dependency theory and ethnic conflict theory and some effect for social security spending. Also of note is our failure to find support for hypotheses derived from democratic theory or class (working class strength) theory.
Activation of liver tryptophan oxygenase by hydrocortisone, hematin and tryptophan in streptozotocin-diabetic rats

This study compared changes in liver tryptophan oxygenase (TPO) activity in response to hydrocortisone, hematin and tryptophan administration to non-diabetic and diabetic (streptozotocin) rats. Hydrocortisone caused similar increases in apoenzyme (inactive), holoenzyme (heme-saturated) and total (holoenzyme + apoenzyme) TPO activities in non-diabetic and diabetic rats. The ability of hematin to increase total TPO activity was significantly less in diabetic rats. The largest differences between diabetic and non-diabetic rats were found with tryptophan which increased total TPO and holoenzyme activities 300% and 650% respectively in non-diabetic rats. However, tryptophan increased both apoenzyme (unchanged in non-diabetic rats) and holoenzyme activities by 300% in diabetic rats. These results indicate that in the diabetic state, the TPO-heme conjugation process is impaired, especially substrate mediated TPO-heme saturation.
Inverse hook method for measuring oscillator strengths for transitions between excited atomic states [1]

We describe an effective new method to measure the oscillator strengths for transitions between the excited states of atoms. The oscillator strength is determined, by measuring changes in the angular distribution or polarization of fluorescence light emitted by atoms in the initial or final state of the transition of interest, after these atoms have been subject to the a.c. Stark shift of an off-resonant laser pulse. The physics of the situation is very similar to that of the conventional hook method with this difference: the roles of the atoms and the photons have been interchanged. We therefore call this new methodthe inverse hook method. The inverse hook method is relatively insensitive to the details of the atomic absorption lineshape and also to the temporal and spectral profile of the laser pulse. It yields absolute oscillator strengths and it is especially suitable for measurements of transitions between excited atomic states, including autoionizing states.
Neoadjuvant treatment of hepatic malignancy: an oncolytic herpes simplex virus expressing IL-12 effectively treats the parent tumor and protects against recurrence-after resection

The objective of the study was to evaluate the utility of NV1042, a replication competent, oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV) containing the interleukin-12 (IL-12) gene, as primary treatment for hepatic tumors and to further assess its ability to reduce tumor recurrence following resection. Resection is the most effective therapy for hepatic malignancies, but is not possible in the majority of the patients. Furthermore, recurrence is common after resection, most often in the remnant liver and likely because of microscopic residual disease in the setting of postoperative host cellular immune dysfunction. We hypothesize that, unlike other gene transfer approaches, direct injection of liver tumors with replication competent, oncolytic HSV expressing IL-12 will not only provide effective control of the parent tumor, but will also elicit an immune response directed at residual tumor cells, thus decreasing the risk of cancer recurrence after resection. Solitary Morris hepatomas, established in Buffalo rat livers, were injected directly with 10(7) particles of NV1042, NV1023, an oncolytic HSV identical to NV1042 but without the IL-12 gene, or with saline. Following tumor injection, the parent tumors were resected and measured and the animals were challenged with an intraportal injection of 10(5) tumor cells, recreating the clinical scenario of residual microscopic cancer. In vitro cytotoxicity against Morris hepatoma cells was similar for both viruses at a multiplicity of infection of 1 (MOI, ratio of viral particles to target cells), with >90% tumor cell kill by day 6. NV1042 induced high-level expression of IL-12 in vitro, peaking after 4 days in culture. Furthermore, a single intratumoral injection of NV1042, but not NV1023, induced marked IL-12 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) expression. Both viruses induced a significant local immune response as evidenced by an increase in the number of intratumoral CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes, although the peak of CD8(+) infiltration was later with NV1042 compared with NV1023. NV1042 and NV1023 reduced parent tumor volume by 74% (P<.003) and 52% (P<.03), respectively, compared to control animals. Treatment of established tumors with NV1042, but not with NV1023, significantly reduced the number of hepatic tumors after resection of the parent tumor and rechallenge (16.8+/-11 (median=4) vs. 65.9+/-15 (median=66) in control animals, P<.025). In conclusion, oncolytic HSV therapy combined with local immune stimulation with IL-12 offers effective control of parent hepatic tumors and also protects against microscopic residual disease after resection. The ease of use of this combined modality approach, which appears to be superior to either approach alone, suggests that it may have clinical relevance, both as primary treatment for patients with unresectable tumors and also as a neoadjuvant strategy for reducing recurrence after resection.
Stereo vision using Gabor receptive fields

This paper presents the extraction of depth data from stereo image pairs using a nontraditional stereo algorithm taken from computational neuroscience. The technique is based on the workings of the mammalian visual system, using the Gabor representation of an image to mimic the filtering properties of simple and complex cells in the visual cortex. Gabor- transformed images afford an alternate stereo correlation method that, though computationally intensive, is well-suited for solution in parallel. This implementation computes the Gabor transform of input images by sampling at four distinct frequencies and computing correlation at each frequency. We consider four methods of combining the resulting four correlation measures and present results of testing the algorithm on random dot and real image stereograms.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A mathematical analysis of elongation and constriction in cell division

An equation for the rate of elongation of a dividing egg is integrated and generalized. The rates of elongation and constriction of a number of eggs under various conditions are analyzed and compared with the theoretical predictions. The theory accounts rather well for a large body of data on elongation and constriction. The general shapes of the elongation and constriction curves are predicted and the orders of magnitude of the parameters are satisfactory. One of the parameters for the elongation curves is related theoretically to the parameter of the constriction curves, and the correct order of magnitude is obtained if one parameter is predicted from the other.
REVIEW ESSAY: “SWEET JESUS! WHAT'S THAT, MA?”: TWO NEW TRANSLATIONS OF TREMBLAY

(1989). REVIEW ESSAY: “SWEET JESUS! WHAT'S THAT, MA?”: TWO NEW TRANSLATIONS OF TREMBLAY. American Review of Canadian Studies: Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 327-330.
Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis: imaging findings in two patients

Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis is a rare condition in which cutaneous and visceral hemangiomas may coexist. Intra-abdominal involvement occurs commonly and, if untreated, may result in high-output cardiac failure and other life-threatening conditions. We report two neonates with this disease and discuss the radiographic findings and the role of vascular embolization in the treatment of hepatic hemangiomatosis.
The Analysis of Correlated Binary Outcomes Using Multivariate Logistic Regression

A method for analyzing correlated binary outcomes when the responses are distinct measurements made simultaneously on a single individual is presented. This extension of univariate logistic regression allows us to model the dependence of the responses on a set of covariates while estimating the degree of association among them. For the case of two dichotomous outcomes, a form of the cumulative bivariate logistic distribution proposed by Gumbel is used to characterize their joint probabilities in terms of logistic marginal probabilities and the correlation coefficient of the responses. The model is then extended to accommodate three or more dichotomous outcomes. A two-step approximation to fitting the multivariate logistic model is also described.
Utopians at the Parliament: The World's Parliament of Religions and the Columbian Exposition of 1893

This article examines the Columbian Exposition and World's Parliament of Religions, both held in Chicago in 1893. While both events drew on nineteenth-century beliefs in the superiority of Western Christianity, they reflect divergent views on technology, social inequality, and urban reform. The Exposition's "White City" offered visitors a temporary, otherwordly escape, whereas the World's Parliament emphasized the importance and possibility of concrete solutions to social problems. As such, these events express radically different forms of utopian speculation in Gilded-Age America.
Cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, and glucocorticoids as potential metabolic regulators of epidermal proliferation and differentiation.

The two cyclic nucleotides, cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP, appear to be central to the metabolic regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation in various cells. Moreover, in many systems glucocorticoids appear to act in concert with or parallel to cyclic AMP. The available evidence suggests that these three molecular species – cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, and glucocorticoids – may be essential to the normal regulation of epidermal proliferation and differentiation. In 1970, we suggested that perturbed epidermal homeostasis, exemplified by psoriasis, might be associated with low cellular levels of cyclic AMP and, in 1972, with high levels of cyclic GMP as well. Subsequent measurements of these two cyclic nucleotides in our laboratory showed a probable reduction in the cyclic AMP/cyclic GMP ratio in lesional psoriatic tissue. This led to the hypothesis that the cardinal features of psoriatic epidermis- glycogen accumulation, excessive proliferation, and reduced cell specialization – are the result of this reduced ratio. A corollary of this hypothesis was that a psoriatic lesion could not begin or exist without this altered cyclic nucleotide ratio. Recently, four different agents – lithium, a beta adrenergic blocking agent, antimalarials, and iodide – have been found to exacerbate psoriasis and to reduce the formation of cyclic AMP in various tissues. Consequently we believe that cyclic nucleotides are of central importance in the pathogenesis of the epidermal component of psoriasis.
Quantification of incidental mediastinal and hilar irradiation delivered during definitive stereotactic body radiation therapy for peripheral non-small cell lung cancer.

Abstract To determine the amount of incidental radiation dose received by the mediastinal and hilar nodes for patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Fifty consecutive patients with NSCLC, treated using an SBRT technique, were identified. Of these patients, 38 had a prescription dose of 60 Gy in 20-Gy fractions and were eligible for analysis. For each patient, ipsilateral upper (level 2) and lower (level 4) paratracheal, and hilar (level 10) nodal regions were contoured on the planning computed tomography (CT) images. Using the clinical treatment plan, dose and volume calculations were performed retrospectively for each nodal region. SBRT to upper lobe tumors resulted in an average total ipsilateral mean dose of between 5.2 and 7.8 Gy for the most proximal paratracheal nodal stations (2R and 4R for right upper lobe lesions, 2L and 4L for left upper lobe lesions). SBRT to lower lobe tumors resulted in an average total ipsilateral mean dose of between 15.6 and 21.5 Gy for the most proximal hilar nodal stations (10R for right lower lobe lesions, 10 l for left lower lobe lesions). Doses to more distal nodes were substantially lower than 5 Gy. The often substantial incidental irradiation, delivered during SBRT for peripheral NSCLC of the lower lobes to the most proximal hilar lymph nodes may be therapeutic for low-volume, subclinical nodal disease. Treatment of peripheral upper lobe lung tumors delivers less incidental irradiation to the paratracheal lymph nodes with lower likelihood of therapeutic benefit.
Fortran 8X draft

Standard Programming Language Fortran. This standard specifies the form and establishes the interpretation of programs expressed in the Fortran language. It consists of the specification of the language Fortran. No subsets are specified in this standard. The previous standard, commonly known as "FORTRAN 77", is entirely contained within this standard, known as "Fortran 8x". Therefore, any standard-conforming FORTRAN 77 program is standard conforming under this standard. New features can be compatibly incorporated into such programs, with any exceptions clearly indicated in the text of this standard.