cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Older user-computer interaction on the internet: how conversational agents can help

Using a qualitative study employing a role-playing approach with human agents, this study identifies the potential roles of conversational agents in enhancing older users' computer interactions on the Internet in e-commerce environments. Twenty-five participants aged 65 or older performed a given shopping task with a human agent playing the role of a conversational agent. The activity computer screens were video-recorded and the participant-agent conversations were audio-recorded. Through navigation path analysis as well as content analysis of the conversations, three major issues hindering older users' Internet interaction are identified: (1) a lack of prior computer knowledge, (2) a failure to locate information or buttons, and (3) confusions related to meanings of information. The navigation path analysis also suggests potential ways conversational agents may assist older users to optimize their search strategies. Implications and suggestions for future studies are discussed.
Cumulants and Partition Lattices

This is the first paper to appear in the statistical literature pointing out the importance of the partition lattice in the theory of statistical moments and their close cousins, the cumulants. The paper was first brought to my attention by Susan Wilson, shortly after I had given a talk at Imperial College on the Leonov-Shiryaev result expressed in graph-theoretic terms. Speed’s paper was hot off the press, arriving a day or two after I had first become acquainted with the partition lattice from conversations with Oliver Pretzel. Naturally, I read the paper with more than usual attention to detail because I was still unfamiliar with Rota [18], and because it was immediately clear that Mobius inversion on the partition lattice \({\mathcal{E}}_{n}\), partially ordered by sub-partition, led to clear proofs and great simplification. It was a short paper packing a big punch, and for me it could not have arrived at a more opportune moment.
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in adults: Histologic subtypes and overall survival with actinomycin-based chemotherapy vs doxorubicin-based chemotherapy.

11073Background: RMS typically occurs in children. Vincristine, Actinomycin and Cyclophosphamide (VAC) based chemotherapy is the current standard. Limited data exist on the frequency of the histolo...
Mental Illness Stigma: Limitations of Crisis Intervention Team Training:

As police departments in the United States strive to improve their capacity to effectively engage individuals with mental illness (IMI), Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) training has become increasingly common. Limited empirical work has studied the effectiveness of CIT, and available studies demonstrate split evidence on the effectiveness of the approach. Variation in previous findings may indicate that CIT inadequately addresses key factors that create challenges for officers when engaging IMI, such as mental illness stigma. Survey data collected from 185 officers were analyzed to assess whether mental illness stigma affects officers’ perceptions of preparedness for engaging IMI beyond CIT training itself. Findings suggest that although there are few differences in perceptions of preparedness between officers who have completed CIT training and those who have not completed CIT training, variation in levels of mental illness stigma explain differences in officers’ perceptions of preparedness to engage IMI....
A Cognitive Study on Modern Chinese Construction “V-lai-V-qu”

As a commonly-used construction in modern Chinese, X-lai (come)-X-qu (go) comes from classical Chinese and it is still widely used in both oral and written Chinese today. In this paper we focus primarily on the construction where two Xs belong to the same monosyllable verb (V-lai-V-qu). Based on previous studies, we use theories of cognitive linguistics to explain the syntactic and semantic features of this construction, as well as the different frequencies of its variants. We hope this study can bring new insights to the exploration of cognitive mechanisms in researches of the similar Chinese verbal constructions.
Performance Evaluation of Normalization Approaches for Metagenomic Compositional Data on Differential Abundance Analysis

Background: In recent years, metagenomics, as a combination of research techniques without the process of cultivation, has become more and more popular in studying the genomic/genetic variation of microbes in environmental or clinical samples. Though generated from similar sequencing technologies, there is increasing evidence that metagenomic sequence data may not be treated as another variant of RNA-Seq count data, especially due to its compositional characteristics. While it is often of primary interest to compare taxonomic or functional profiles of microbial communities between conditions, normalization for library size is usually an inevitable step prior to a typical differential abundance analysis. Some methods have been proposed for such normalization. But the existing performance evaluation of normalization methods for metagenomic sequence data does not adequately consider the compositional characteristics.
Allostatic Load and Biomarkers of Stress in the Preterm Infant: An Integrative Review.

Background:Every year, an estimated 15 million babies are born preterm (<37 weeks’ gestational age) globally. These preterm infants are exposed to repeated stressful and often painful procedures as...
Outsourcing Microbiology Services in Medical Centers: Is It Worth It?

Background Outsourcing of microbiology laboratory services is a growing trend in US medical centers. Data on the actual impact of outsourcing on patient care, safety, and medical education, including costs, are limited. The objective of this study was to examine the published literature on the potential benefits and harms when medical centers outsource common microbiology services. Methods We conducted a 16-step literature search of PubMed and Embase. Articles were selected for full-text review if their content matched our key questions: (1) What are the potential benefits of outsourcing core microbiology laboratory testing? (2) What are the potential harms to patient care and medical education when medical centers outsource essential microbiology services? Results The initial search yielded 6111 unique published articles; 36 were selected for full-text review, which resulted in the identification of 8 articles that addressed our key questions (2 editorials, 3 editorials with observational data, 1 survey, 1 case series, and 1 study of blood culture transport). These articles described a variety of issues, including longer turnaround times for blood cultures that resulted in delays in diagnosis and treatment, errors that resulted in patient morbidity, limited cost savings, and communication barriers. Conclusions In this study, with the exception of the blood culture transport study, we found no published prospective studies that quantified the effects of outsourcing microbiology services on patient care, patient safety, or medical education. However, these largely anecdotal reports suggest that outsourcing microbiology services may have a detrimental impact on medical education, especially infectious disease training programs.
Throughput-delay tradeoffs in content-centric ad hoc wireless networks

We study the throughput and delay characteristics of wireless networks based on a content-centric network architecture, where users are mainly interested in retrieving content stored in the network, rather than in maintaining source-destination communication. Nodes are assumed to be uniformly distributed in the network area. Each node has a limited-capacity content store, which it uses to cache contents according to the proposed caching scheme. Requested content follows a general popularity distribution, and users employ multi- hop communication to retrieve the requested content from the closest cache. We derive the throughput-delay tradeoff of the content-centric wireless network model and solve the caching optimization problem. We then evaluate the network performance for a Zipf content popularity distribution, letting the number of content types and the network size both go to infinity.
Evaluation of Activation Times in Ventricular Model with Realistic Geometry and Conduction System

The goal of the article was to design a model of ventricles with a realistic patient geometry and with a proper representation of the conduction system of ventricles that enables to reach the total activation time of the whole ventricles in the physiological range of about 80 to 120 ms. Electrical activation was started in one region or in nine starting regions. The conduction system (branches and Purkinje fibers) was modeled as an endocardial layer with higher conductivity and a set of nine starting regions representing the earliest activated areas. The monodomain model of electrical activation propagation with the local tissue properties defined by modified FitzHugh-Nagumo equations was numerically solved in Comsol Multiphysics environment. The total activation time of the whole ventricles was evaluated for all models. Pathological total activation times of the whole ventricles higher than 120 ms were obtained for models with activation starting only in one region (ectopic beats). Realistic total activation time was obtained for model incorporating an endocardial conducting layer with nine starting regions representing the conduction system.
Cardiac progenitor cells, tissue homeostasis, and regeneration

Abstract There is accumulating evidence that cell-based therapy holds promise to treat diseases characterized by destruction or dysfunction of cardiac myocytes and the gross structure of the heart. The greatest challenge in the field is the characterization of cell types that when adoptively transferred to a recipient heart they are characterized by engraftment and cellular repopulation, which remains to be decisively achieved. Ongoing experiments and clinical trials, however, support the use of cell-based therapy to stimulate endogenous repair mechanisms, thereby achieving reverse remodeling of injured hearts. The most important new concept regarding cardiac repair and homeostasis emerges from data showing myocyte turnover in the postmitotic heart, a phenomenon occurring at a rate of 1%–2%, but declining with age. Accumulating studies shows that the rate can be augmented through a variety of stimuli and, therefore, represents a potential therapeutic target. Tissue repair may occur through paracrine signaling mechanisms that include signals transduced via the molecular cargo of extracellular vesicles. The actual remuscularization of the heart resulting from cellular engraftment and differentiation continues to be experimentally explored.
Treatment needs and service utilization in older U.S. adults evidencing high-risk substance use

Objectives: Because substance misuse by older adults poses clinical risks and has not been recently assessed, we examined substance use patterns, treatment needs, and service utilization in those e...
TRANSIT AFFINITIES: The Distinctiveness of Black Social Interactions on Public Transportation

Much of the scholarship on poor Black urban communities focuses on social disorganization at the neighborhood level and how Blacks experience various institutional inequalities that impact their access to quality education and housing, jobs, and equitable public transportation. But Black social life is not a monolith of chaos, subjugation, and inequalities, nor is it confined to stationary neighborhoods. Black urban life is in fact vibrant, celebratory, and communal. Using two years of ethnographic observations on Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) buses and trains, we highlight the sociality of Black mobile experiences within Black spaces. Specifically, we examine how Blacks, while traveling into and through majority Black communities, form positive intraracial relationships that we refer to as Black transit affinities, which are a type of actively developed, temporal, meaningful interactions that take place on mobile systems. These transit affinities move beyond linked fate and solidarity but are actively formed and have four distinctive features, they are: 1) personal; 2) mutually engaged; 3) actively maintained although interrupted by stops on the bus or train; and, 4) particular to majority-minority areas of the city. These transit affinities are intraracial and were not observed, as defined, interracially or in majority White areas of the city. We do not argue that they are exclusive to Blacks but that they took place among Blacks in Black spaces that have often been ascribed a narrative of disorganization, violence, and social fragmentation.
Optical Atmospheric Air-Speed Sensor for EDL Operations

An optical whispering-gallery-mode resonator-based speed sensor concept for atmospheric entry, descent, and landing operations is proposed and preliminary results are discussed. The sensor is intended as a compact and reliable alternative to inertial sensors.
Formation of a Ti-Cu(111) single atom alloy: Structure and CO binding.

A single atom Ti-Cu(111) surface alloy can be generated by depositing small amounts of Ti onto Cu(111) at slightly elevated surface temperatures (∼500 to 600 K). Scanning tunneling microscopy shows that small Ti-rich islands covered by a Cu single layer form preferentially on ascending step edges of Cu(111) during Ti deposition below about 400 K but that a Ti-Cu(111) alloy replaces these small islands during deposition between 500 and 600 K, producing an alloy in the brims of the steps. Larger partially Cu-covered Ti-containing islands also form on the Cu(111) terraces at temperatures between 300 and 700 K. After surface exposure to CO at low temperatures, reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) reveals distinct C-O stretch bands at 2102 and 2050 cm-1 attributed to CO adsorbed on Cu-covered Ti-containing domains vs sites in the Ti-Cu(111) surface alloy. Calculations using density functional theory (DFT) suggest that the lower frequency C-O stretch band originates specifically from CO adsorbed on isolated Ti atoms in the Ti-Cu(111) surface alloy and predicts a higher C-O stretch frequency for CO adsorbed on Cu above subsurface Ti ensembles. DFT further predicts that CO preferentially adsorbs in flat-lying configurations on contiguous Ti surface structures with more than one Ti atom and thus that CO adsorbed on such structures should not be observed with RAIRS. The ability to generate a single atom Ti-Cu(111) alloy will provide future opportunities to investigate the surface chemistry promoted by a representative early transition metal dopant on a Cu(111) host surface.
Perspectives of Remote Volunteer Palliative Care Consultants During COVID: A Qualitative Study.

Abstract Context A novel remote volunteer program was implemented in response to the initial COVID-19 surge in New York City, allowing out-of-state palliative care specialists to serve patients and families in need. No study has detailed the perceptions of these consultants. Objectives To understand the experiences of remote volunteer palliative care consultants during the initial COVID-19 surge. Methods This qualitative study utilized a thematic analysis approach. During January and February 2021, we conducted one-on-one semi-structured interviews with 15 board-certified palliative care physicians who participated in the program. Codes and emerging themes were identified through iterative discussion and comparison. Results Five overarching themes (with sub-themes in parentheses) were identified: 1) motivations for participating in the program, 2) logistical evaluation of the program (integration, telehealth model, dyad structure and debriefing sessions), 3) barriers to delivery (language and cultural differences, culture of high-intensity care, legal and administrative differences), 4) emotional burden (moral distress, burnout), and 5) ideas for improvements. Notably, participants observed institutional and cultural differences that posed challenges to delivery of care. Many expressed feelings of distress related to the uncertainty and scarcity caused by the pandemic, although volunteering may have been protective against burnout. Conclusion This study provides an in-depth look at the experiences of remote volunteer palliative care consultants during the initial COVID-19 surge from the unique perspectives of the consultants themselves. Participants expressed overall positive and meaningful experiences and felt that the model was appropriate given the circumstances. Additionally, participants provided recommendations that could guide future implementations of similar programs.
Utility of Telemedicine for Diagnosis and Management of Laryngology-Related Complaints during COVID-19.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To investigate the concordance in diagnosis and management between initial telemedicine visits and subsequent in-person visits with laryngoscopy for laryngology-related complaints during COVID-19. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Patients who presented to a tertiary care center with laryngology-related complaints (voice, swallowing, airway, general throat complaints and others) and completed initial telemedicine visits and subsequent in-person visits with laryngoscopy between March and October 2020 were included (n = 250). Preliminary diagnoses and managements provided during initial telemedicine visits were compared with the diagnoses and managements during subsequent in-person visits with laryngoscopy. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to compare concordance rates in diagnosis and management by chief complaint categories after adjusting for relevant demographic and clinical factors. RESULTS: Overall concordance rates in diagnosis and management between the initial telemedicine visit and subsequent laryngoscopy exam were 86.1% and 93.7%, respectively. Mean (standard deviation) days until laryngoscopy from the initial visit were 21.2 (23.0). Concordance rates were not associated with patient's age, gender, preferred language, provider, telemedicine visit duration, or days until laryngoscopy. Management concordance rate was relatively lower among patients with general throat complaints in comparison with voice-related complaints (odds ratio: 0.27; 95% confidence interval: 0.08-0.90). Management changes after laryngoscopy included need for further imaging, procedures, voice therapy, and referral to other specialists. CONCLUSION: Concordance rates in diagnosis and management remained high between the initial telemedicine visit and subsequent in-person visit with laryngoscopy for new patients presenting with laryngology-related complaints during the COVID-19 pandemic. While laryngoscopy is still essential to confirm diagnosis and provide appropriate management, telemedicine may be a feasible alternative to provide suitable empiric therapy until laryngoscopy can be safely performed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV Laryngoscope, 2021.
Endovascular management of a large renal artery aneurysm: a case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND A renal artery aneurysm is a rare clinical presentation that can be found incidentally on imaging or during workup for refractory hypertension. Its presentation can be similar to that of a renal artery pseudoaneurysm, but the etiologies of the two vascular lesions differ. We present a patient who had an incidental finding of a large renal artery aneurysm that was managed with endovascular embolization. We also describe the literature surrounding the etiology, presentation and management of both renal artery aneurysms and renal artery pseudoaneurysms. CASE PRESENTATION A 62-year-old man was referred to a urologic oncologist for workup of a newly found renal mass. Initial imaging with computed tomography showed a homogenous, well-circumscribed mass arising from the right kidney. Further evaluation with Doppler ultrasonography demonstrated pulsatile flow within the renal mass that was concerning for a renal artery pseudoaneurysm. The patient initially underwent a diagnostic angiogram by interventional radiology and was found to have a true renal artery aneurysm. Interventional radiology considered placement of a covered stent or angioembolization, but treatment was deferred due to concern for compromising the patient's renal function. Patient was subsequently transferred to a neighboring hospital for management by vascular surgery. After considering both open surgical and endovascular approaches, the patient ultimately underwent angioembolization of the renal artery aneurysm. Short-term follow-up showed successful exclusion of the aneurysm with minimal adverse effects to the patient. CONCLUSIONS Our case report documents a unique case of an incidentally found large renal artery aneurysm that was successfully managed with endovascular embolization. Renal artery aneurysms and renal artery pseudoaneurysms, which can present similarly on imaging, are important diagnostic considerations in a patient presenting with a new renal mass. While open surgical approaches can be used to repair aneurysms, endovascular approaches using stenting or angioembolization are safe and effective options for treating renal aneurysms and renal pseudoaneurysms.
Satellite Remote Sensing

Antarctica is a remote and large continent, and hence, despite a long history of sea- and land-based expeditions, often combined with aerial observations, many areas have not been visited by mankind to this date. There are still “white spaces” in ground-based mapping of Antarctica. The best map of all of Antarctica compiled from expedition data is the widely used Antarctic glaciological and geophysical folio edited by Drewry (1983), it contains maps of a small scale only. Observations by satellite provide an alternative to expeditions, which is a less direct, literally “remote” form of observation — thus the term satellite remote sensing — and yields completely different types of data. The advantage of satellite observations is the coverage of large areas in a short time. Such coverage by remote-sensing data typically is of limited resolution or contains gaps, depending on the type of instrumentation installed as payload of the observing satellite, as shall be described in the sequel for some examples.
The diverse aims of science

There is increasing attention to the centrality of idealization in science. One common view is that models and other idealized representations are important to science, but that they fall short in one or more ways. On this view, there must be an intermediary step between idealized representation and the traditional aims of science, including truth, explanation, and prediction. Here I develop an alternative interpretation of the relationship between idealized representation and the aims of science. I suggest that continuing, widespread idealization calls into question the idea that science aims for truth. If instead science aims to produce understanding, this would enable idealizations to directly contribute to science's epistemic success. I also use the fact of widespread idealization to motivate the idea that science's wide variety aims, epistemic and non-epistemic, are best served by different kinds of scientific products. Finally, I show how these diverse aims—most rather distant from truth—result in the expanded influence of social values on science.
The Aα mating-type locus ofSchizophyflum commune: Structure and function of geneX

GeneX maps immediately right of geneY at the Aα mating-type locus inSchizophyllum commune. AllelesX1, X3 andX4 were isolated, subcloned, and sequenced. The structure of the alleles and their relationship to the Aα locus is described. The deducedX isoforms possess no recognized motifs common to other polypeptides and no significant similarity to any sequences in the protein databases.X alleles do not activate A-regulated development when transformed into recipient strains possessing different Aα mating types or when these transformants are mated with tester strains. AnX1-disrupted construction yielded a high frequency (33%) of homologous gene replacements.X-disrupted mutants have wild-type phenotypes and mate normally. Both the functional analyses and sequence data forX1,X3, andX4 suggest that the right boundary of the Aα mating-type locus falls betweenAαY andX. We propose that theZ andY genes constitute the Aoc locus in its entirety.
A New Table of Abundances of the Elements in the Solar System

Solar system elements abundance compilation based on carbonaceous chondrites and nucleosynthesis in stars
Delaware for Small Fry: Jurisdictional Competition for Limited Liability Companies

Most of the work on jurisdictional competition for business associations has focused on publicly held corporations and the factors that have led to Delaware’s dominant position in attracting out of state firms. Is there an analogous jurisdictional competition to attract formations by closely held firms? Limited liability companies (LLCs) offer a good opportunity to examine this question. Most LLC statutes have been adopted and changed rapidly during the past 20 years. Unlike general and limited partnerships, which have been shaped by uniform laws, LLC statutes vary significantly, and states have devoted a lot of effort to drafting their individual statues. This variation provides an opportunity to test the statutory provisions and other factors that influence LLC’s choice of where to organize. We find little evidence that firms choose to form outside their home state in order to take advantage of variations in statutory provisions. Instead, we find evidence that large LLCs, like large corporations, tend to form in Delaware, and that they do so for the many of the same reasons – that is, for the quality of Delaware’s legal system.
Allergy and infecion. VI. The criteria for judgment.

In previous communications1-4 we had reported the association of overt infection in allergic children with exposure to specific inanimate antigens. Our observations disclosed that the various excitants of allergic reactions, such as foods, animal danders, household dusts, pollens, molds and nonspecific factors, evoked infectious responses in certain susceptible children. We concluded that the stage of recurrent respiratory infections which so commonly precedes the development of the classical allergic respiratory syndromes was not the predisposing cause of the allergic state, as so frequently contended, but was actually the first stage of the allergic cycle. We pointed out that the upsets in this stage were true infections brought on by a combination of microorganisms and the offending allergic factor or factors. The microorganisms, we explained, were present in the host without producing disease until “jolted” into activity by the allergic reaction, thus producing symptoms of overt infection. We emphasiz...
Software estimation using the SLIM tool

Planning the development of a software product involves estimating the required effort, project duration, resource allocation, and latent defects when the product ships. Coming up with reasonable estimates seems to be a pervasive problem. In the absence of an internally developed tool based on historical data from the IBM Canada Ltd. Laboratory or similar IBM laboratories, the use of one or more commercially available estimation tools is useful. Some of these tools have underlying models based on thousands of software development projects from industry. This paper describes the SLIM product, a metrics-based estimation tool that has been piloted in a number of our projects. The basic concepts are explained and illustrated with an example from a Toronto project. The tool's rich set of what-if capabilities is used to explore possible alternative plans that satisfy project constraints. The impact of high staff buildup to achieve schedule compression is examined. Effects on resource requirements, project duration, and product quality are assessed. The usefulness of the tool for heading off potential disasters is discussed.
The ORNL ECR multicharged ion source

Abstract A multicharged ion source based on electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) heating has been designed and built at ORNL. The ECR ion source, which is completely dedicated for atomic physics collisions studies, produces higher charge states and higher beam intensities than the present ORNL PIG multicharged ion source, and will thus permit study of collision processes involving ions of higher charge states in experiments requiring higher beam intensities than could be previously obtained in our laboratory. The source has already produced up to fully stripped C and O beams, as well as up to He-like Ar beams. Measurements of the energy spread of ions extracted from the ion source operating in both single-stage and two-stage mode are described. In addition, initial results of total cross section measurements for fully stripped light ions incident on atomic hydrogen in the energy range 0.2–10 keV are presented.
A One-Hour Training Seminar on Bayesian Statistics for Nursing Graduate Students

In this article we discuss one-way ANOVA with the goal of introducing Bayesian statistics to nursing graduate students in a one-hour seminar. We use ANOVA because it is arguably one of the most widely used statistical models in practice and because its Bayesian treatment has interesting ties to the classical ANOVA, creating a smooth transition for students in a frequentist-based course to be introduced to Bayesian ideas. We discuss the limitations of this seminar in the context of our assumptions of what the students can or cannot do. An example from nursing research is used throughout the seminar.
'Subterranean evil' and 'tumultuous riot' in Buganda : Authority and alienation at King's College, Budo, 1942

Staff petitions, sexual and disciplinary scandal and open riot pushed Buganda's leaders to close Budo College on the eve of Kabaka (King) Muteesa II's coronation. The upheaval at the school included a teachers' council that proclaimed ownership of the school, student leaders who manipulated the headmaster through scandal and school clubs and associations that celebrated affiliation over discipline. Instead of enacting and celebrating imperial partnership and order in complex, well-choreographed coronation rituals, the school's disruption delineated the fractures and struggles over rightful authority, order and patronage within colonial Buganda, marking out a future of tumultuous political transition.
Prediction of mass transfer rates in spatially periodic flows

Abstract The application of mass transfer boundary layer theory to spatially periodic flows is investigated. Numerical methods are used to solve the flow problems, and the solutions are used in conjunction with mass transfer boundary layer theory to predict mass transfer rates. This approach is advantageous because at large Schmidt numbers numerical solution for the concentration profiles requires very high numerical resolution in the boundary layer region. For the two prototype flows investigated, tube bank flow and Taylor–Couette flow, the predictions agree reasonably well with the experimental results. As a result, this approach should be useful for preliminary design calculations in spatially periodic systems.
Spectral evidence for cytochrome o in the brown membrane of Halobacterium halobium.

Abstract The brown membrane domain of Halobacterium halobium is a developmental precursor of the purple membrane and it contains a b-type cytochrome in addition to bacterio-opsin. In this report we provide spectroscopic evidence that the majority of the cytochrome content is a halobacterial cytochrome o. This cytochrome has absorption spectral properties in the oxidized, reduced, and CO liganded states which are characteristic of cytochrome o. The CD spectra show a complex bilobed pattern in the Soret spectral region which reflects the similarity of the heme environment to those of other b-type cytochromes involved in electron transport. We have also demonstrated a positive cooperativity of CO binding which, combined with CD spectral results, suggests two interacting heme moieties per cytochrome o Size exclusion HPLC of solubilized brown membrane preparations shows a heme b containing protein with an Mr 42,000–46,000. The cytochrome may be easily separated from bacterio-opsin using a hydroxyapatite elution method on Triton X-100 solubilized preparations. The relative ease with which brown membrane disks may be oriented in high optical quality films should make the brown membrane a valuable model system for future spectroscopic investigations of Cytochrome o.
Bibliographic compilation using reference and citation links

Abstract An algorithm based upon reference and citation links is shown to improve effectiveness in compiling a bibliography on a cross-disciplinary medical subject area. Sets of documents are generated and compared to a set of documents identified by researchers as being relevant to their informational needs. The result is a rank ordered list of documents as they relate to the chosen entry document. The algorithm is described as a generalized technique applicable to any cross-disciplinary informational query which has as its objective the compilation of a bibliography of pertinent documents.
Friction and wear properties of smooth diamond films grown in fullerene + argon plasmas☆

In this study, we describe the nanocrystalline structure and ultralow friction and wear properties of smooth (20–50 nm root mean square (RMS)) diamond films grown in a microwave plasma consisting of Ar and fullerene (the carbon source). The sliding friction coefficients of these films against Si3N4 balls are 0.04 and 0.12 in dry N2 and air respectively, comparable to that of natural diamond sliding against the same pin material, but are lower by factors of 5–10 than that afforded by rough diamond films grown in conventional H2 + CH4 plasmas. Furthermore, the smooth diamond films produced in this work afforded wear rates to SiC pins and Si3N4 balls that were one to two orders of magnitude lower than those of H2 + CH4-grown films. Mechanistically, the ultralow friction and wear properties of the fullerene-derived diamond films correlate well with their initially smooth surface finish and their ability to become polished even further during sliding. The wear tracks reach an ultrasmooth (3–6 nm RMS) surface finish that results in very little abrasion and ploughing. Depending on the test environment, micrographitization may also occur during sliding and dominate the factional behavior of these diamond films. The nanocrystalline microstructure and exceptionally pure sp3 bonding in these smooth diamond films were verified by numerous surface and structure analytical methods, including X-ray diffraction, high-resolution AES, EELS, NEXAFS, SEM and TEM. An AFM instrument was used to characterize the topography of the films and rubbing surfaces.
A classification of fishery management problems to aid in the analysis and proper formulation of management problems

Abstract One of the most important reasons for regulating fisheries is the misallocation of resources caused by common property. Perhaps one explanation for the disagreement about what constitutes proper fisheries management is the fact that no distinction has been made between the common property problem that is somewhat unique to fisheries,’ and others, such as monopoly, monopsony, manpower training, etc., that are common to most other industries as well. It is here proposed that fisheries management be broken down, at least “conceptually, into common property management and special problem management. In this way the interrelationships between the two can be highlighted and at the same time special problem management can be viewed against the common background of the entire economy.
Anomalous drainage of the right superior vena cava into the left atrium

A 22 year old man with asymptomatic hypoxemia was found to have a large right to left shunt due to a rare congenital anomaly: total drainage of the right superior vena cava into the left atrium. The anomaly was first suspected after radionuclide angiocardiography was performed using technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin and was confirmed by cardiac catheterization. Contrast echocardiographic and surgical findings are discussed. Other reports on this anomaly are reviewed.
Novel Series-based Approximations to e

John Knox (john.knox@valpo.edu) is an assistant professor of geography and meteorology at Valparaiso University in Indiana. He received a B.S. in mathematics from the University of Alabama at Birmingham and a Ph.D. in the atmospheric sciences from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. His research interests revolve around the applications of mathematics to meteorology. He has also published articles on the applications of storytelling concepts to the teaching of science courses. In his spare time he composes music and an occasional poem, watches The Weather Channel with climatologist-wife Pam, and plays golf with his two-year old son Evan.
Signaling at neuro/immune synapses

Immunological and neural synapses share properties such as the synaptic cleft, adhesion molecules, stability, and polarity. However, the mismatch in scale has limited the utility of these comparisons. The discovery of phosphatase micro-exclusion from signaling elements in immunological synapses and innate phagocytic synapses define a common functional unit at a common sub-micron scale across synapse types. Bundling of information from multiple antigen receptor microclusters by an immunological synapse has parallels to bundling of multiple synaptic inputs into a single axonal output by neurons, allowing integration and coincidence detection. Bonafide neuroimmune synapses control the inflammatory reflex. A better understanding of the shared mechanisms between immunological and neural synapses could aid in the development of new therapeutic modalities for immunological, neurological, and neuroimmunological disorders alike.
Evidence for respiratory neuromodulator interdependence after cholinergic disruption in the ventral respiratory column.

Reverse dialysis of the muscarinic receptor antagonist, atropine (ATR, 50 mM), into the pre-Botzinger Complex region of the ventral respiratory column (VRC) of awake and sleeping goats increases breathing frequency and serotonin (5-HT), substance P (SP), glycine, and GABA concentrations in the effluent dialysate. Herein, we report data from goats in which we reverse dialyzed 5 mM ATR or specific antagonists of M2 or M3 muscarinic receptors into the VRC. The effects on frequency of all three antagonists were not significantly different from time control studies. 5 mM ATR and the M3 antagonist increased SP sevenfold less than 50 mM ATR. The antagonists had no effect on 5-HT, glycine, and/or GABA, suggesting that the increases in glycine and GABA with 50 mM ATR were secondary to the larger increases in 5-HT and/or SP. These data are suggestive of neuromodulator interdependence, whereby attenuation of one neuromodulator is compensated for by local changes in other neuromodulators to stabilize breathing.
Design, Development, and Characterization of an Inexpensive Portable Cyclic Voltammeter

The teaching of instrumental analysis for many small colleges and high schools continues to be stymied by high-cost, complicated maintenance, high power requirements, and often the sheer bulk of the instrumentation. Such issues have led us to develop inexpensive instruments as part of a SMILE initiative (small, mobile instruments for laboratory enhancement). This lab-based pedagogy, primarily aimed at engaging science and engineering students, has shown to significantly enhance the confidence and achievement of students in our technology-based courses. One instrument that has been designed, constructed, and characterized is the cyclic voltammeter (CV). CV is a versatile electroanalytical technique that monitors the redox behavior of chemical and biochemical species in solution. The CV instrument and technique readily lends itself to miniaturization and facilitates the practical application of CV analysis within standard undergraduate and advanced high school laboratory courses. The entire instrument was c...
Revolutionizing the Tragic City Rebuilding Chimbote, Peru, after the 1970 Earthquake

This article studies how the Peruvian government reacted to the massive May 31, 1970, earthquake in the country’s leading fishing port and the home to its only steel mill. While earthquake did not damage the boomtown of Chimbote like it did the highlands, the progressive, antioligarchical military government seized on the destruction of the earthquake to assert power in ways it could not have exercised before. The generals set out to remake Chimbote in their image, preparing a nine-volume, two-thousand-page plan that would convert the port into an industrial paradise. While this plan proved too ambitious for a crumbling (politically, socially, and economically) Revolutionary Government, their plans exemplify the role of creative destruction and its limitations. The earthquake provided the generals with their only opportunity to get Chimbote’s growth under control and to implement their ideas of creating a progressive and participationist Peru. The plan’s collapse, much like the revolutionary government it...
Cholecystitis due to granular cell myoblastoma of the cystic duct.

EXmN 'ru.~mRS ot the extrahepatic bile passages are extremely rare. Christopher:' surveyed the literature in 1933 and found only 41 cases reported, 15 of which were adenomas. Other benign tumors of the bile ducts that have been reported include lipoma,'-' papilloma, a fibroma, 4 neuroma, a carcinoid, G hydatid cysts, z granuloma, s and melanoma. 9 Benign tumors of the bile ducts seldom give rise to symptoms, amt when they do, they simulate those of obstructive jaundice, ttowever, in the case to l)e described, a grannlar cell myoblastoma of the cystic ductthe first to be described in this lo.cation--was found at surgery obstructing the cystic duct and causing chronic chotecystitis.
On Voronoi reduction of positive definite quadratic forms

Abstract There are two methods of reduction of positive definite quadratic forms due to Voronoi. One of these methods is based on the perfect forms and the other on the type of Voronoi polyhedra associated with the form. It was conjectured by Voronoi that these two methods are strongly connected. It is shown in this paper that the two reductions coincide only in the case of the set of forms referred to by Voronoi as the principal cone.
The segregation of copper at high angle grain boundaries in lead

Abstract The segregation of copper at high angle grain boundaries of high and low boundary coincidence is measured. The observations indicate that copper segregates in lead preferentially at high angle boundaries of low boundary coincidence. This result supports the idea that the fit of the atoms in a boundary is important for the structure and the properties of a high angle boundary.
Design considerations for the Apache server API

Abstract The Apache web server[1] is a high-performance freeware server, which offers a high degree of drop-in compatibility with the popular NCSA server[2]. Internally, the server is built around an API (application programmer interface) which allows third-party programmers to add new server functionality. Indeed, most of the server's visible features (logging, authentication, access control, CGI, and so forth) are implemented as one or serveral modules, using the same extension API available to third parties. The purpose of this paper is not so much to describe the API in detail, as to explain some of the design decisions which went into it, and why things are done the way they are. In order to do this, it explains what problems the API tries to solve, and how it is structured to solve those problems. It also compares and contrasts the approach taken in Apache to the approaches taken to similar problems in other web servers, and reflects a bit on some features, or misfeatures, which, in the view of the author (who was largely responsible for it), might in retrospect have been done better — including features supported by other servers but not by Apache (yet).
Current-measurements in the Georges Bank Canyons

Among the many speculations concerning the origin of submarine canyons, bottom-currents of various types have been appealed to frequently. This is one theory to which it is possible to apply some quantitative data, and to form an estimate as to the importance which may be attached to this means of producing submarine canyons, both now and in past ages. I refer of course to normal currents due to differences in densities caused by temperature and salinity, and to those which have a tidal origin, and not to the type recently proposed by Daly. Consequently during the summer of 1936 measurements of the bottom-currents were made in three of the submarine canyons of Georges Bank from the research vessel Atlantis of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Because of the physical difficulties of obtaining readings on the bottom in deep water, in a region where tidal currents at the surface are strong, the results are far from giving a complete picture. Nevertheless, some idea may be obtained of the magnitude of the velocities which might be expected.
Multithreaded transaction processing in distributed systems

Distributed operating systems are potentially more powerful than traditional operating systems due to their advantages of fault tolerance, parallelism, scalability, reliability, resource sharing and availability. The price to pay for such power is the complexity encountered in software design and implementation of such systems. Various software tools like Remote Procedure Calls (RPC) have been devised to help simplify the process of building distributed applications. Light-weight processes or threads is another such tool that helps improve system performance. In this project, support for atomic transactions has been provided on an existing RPC system. By incorporating a multithreaded architecture in this system, the goal of improving performance has also been attempted. A traditional banking system has been prototyped along the above goals of combining high performance with support for atomic transactions in distributed systems.
Effectiveness of an impairment-based individualized rehabilitation program using an iPad-based software platform

The delivery of tablet-based rehabilitation for individuals with post-stroke aphasia is relatively new, therefore, this study examined the effectiveness of an iPad-based therapy to demonstrate improvement in specific therapy tasks and how the tasks affect overall language and cognitive skills. Fifty-one individuals with aphasia due to a stroke or traumatic brain injury were recruited to use an iPad-based software platform, Constant Therapy, for a 10 week therapy program. Participants were split into an experimental (N=42) and control (N=9) group. Both experimental and control participants received a one hour clinic session with a clinician once a week, the experimental participants additionally practiced the therapy at home. Participants did not differ in the duration of the therapy and both groups of participants showed improvement over time in the tasks used for the therapy. However, experimental participants used the application more often and showed greater changes in accuracy and latency on the tasks than the control participants; experimental participants’ severity level at baseline as measured by standardized tests of language and cognitive skills were a factor in improvement on the tasks. Subgroups of task co-improvement appear to occur between different language tasks, between different cognitive tasks, and across both domains. Finally, experimental participants showed more significant and positive changes due to therapy in their standardized tests than control participants. These results provide preliminary evidence for the usefulness of a tablet-based platform to deliver tailored language and cognitive therapy to individuals with aphasia.