cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Entrenched Disbelief: Complex Hunter-Gatherers and the Case for Inclusive Cultural Evolutionary Thinking

Advocates of traditional, agriculture-based models of sociopolitical evolution argue that the adoption of domesticates is requisite for developments such as sedentism, village life, ascribed status, hereditary leadership, and other features that underpin institutionalized political complexity. We counter in this essay with a well-documented suite of politically complex hunter-gatherer (CHG) societies that exhibit these same features, thereby demonstrating that reliance on agriculture per se—or any other specific food regime such as fishing—should be excised from explanations of emergent political complexity. Despite the failure of the agricentric model to account for a significant number of cases of institutionalized complexity, some of its architects remain entrenched in their disbelief and rigidly ignore the implications of CHG studies. By continuing to situate farming as foundational to everything complex, they perpetuate not only a story of human cultural evolution over the last 10,000 years that is incomplete but also a narrative that is incorrect. We reject subsistence (domesticates) as the central organizing principle and introduce here a new forum for thinking about how societies operate and evolve. We propose a model consisting of integrated platforms of societal dynamics that are inclusive (encourage discourse of all societies), nonprogressive, and serve as an organizational structure to discuss cultural evolution in any comparative or singular ethnographic context. The platforms are nonhierarchical and not fixed in order or importance. They are (1) agency and authority, (2) social differentiation, (3) participation in communal events, (4) organization of production, (5) labor obligations, (6) articulation of ecology and subsistence, and (7) territoriality and ownership. All sociopolitical cases and all topics can be productively discussed on these platforms, from bands to the largest empires, comparatively or diachronically. In the present article, we use the platforms to examine political evolution. We assemble considerable evidence that a variety of dietary regimes are associated with the emergence of institutionalized political complexity. Rather than diet, it is the ways people integrate and use labor that demands our attention.
Theory of the Self-Trapped Hole in Ca F 2

Using a classical calculation of the lattice-distortion and polarization energies along with the self-consistent-field molecular-orbital (SCF-MO) results for the energies of ${\mathrm{F}}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, the configurational coordinate potential curves are obtained for the ground and excited states of the ${V}_{K}$ center in Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$. From these curves, the optical-absorption frequencies and widths are determined, and the hyperfine constants, calculated with the SCF-MO wave functions, are given for the internuclear distance corresponding to the minimum of the ground-state potential curve. The results are compared with experiment, and the similarities between Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ and LiF are noted.
Vertebral osteomyelitis: a case report of a patient presenting with acute low back pain.

Objective To report and discuss a case of vertebral osteomyelitis presenting to a chiropractic clinic. Clinical Features A 65-year-old man presented to a chiropractic clinic with acute low back pain. A lumbar spine magnetic resonance image was obtained with and without contrast in both the sagittal and axial planes. The diagnostic impression was osteomyelitis and discitis across the L2-3 disk space with epidural abscess posterior to L3 and a paravertebral abscess. The patient was referred for medical management. A computed tomography–guided fine needle aspiration was performed and confirmed a Staphylococcus aureus infection . The L2-3 level was surgically debrided and fused after a regimen of antibiotic therapy. Conclusions This case report presents a typical clinical presentation of vertebral osteomyelitis and reviews the diagnostic imaging, pathophysiology of spontaneous vertebral osteomyelitis, and treatment options in the management of this condition.
Nonrigid Group Theory, Tunneling Splittings, and Nuclear Spin Statistics of Water Pentamer: (H2O)5

The character table of the fully non-rigid water pentamer, (H{sub 2}O){sub 5} is derived for the first time. The group of all feasible permutations is the wreath product group S{sub 5}[S{sub 2}] and it consists of 3840 operations divided into 36 conjugacy classes and irreducible representations. We have shown that the full character table can be constructed using elegant matrix type generator algebra. The character table has been applied to the water pentamer by obtaining the nuclear spin statistical weights of the rovibronic levels and tunneling splittings of the fully non-rigid pentamer. We have also obtained the statistical weights and tunneling splittings of a semi-rigid deuterated pentamer that exhibits pseudo rotation with an averaged C{sub 5h}(G{sub 10}) symmetry used in the assignment of vibration-rotation-tunneling spectra . The correlation tables have been constructed for the semirigid (G{sub 10}) to non-rigid (G{sub 3840}) groups for the rotational levels and tunneling levels. The nuclear spin statistical weights have also been derived for both the limits.
Changing the Debate about “Success” in Conflict Resolution Efforts

This essay outlines a conceptual framework for discussing “success” in interactive conflict resolution and in conflict resolution efforts more generally. It first proposes reasons why evaluation is crucial for improving practice. An overview of the new framework and its development are then presented. This gives the reader a window into its construction and some of the challenges of evaluation in conflict intervention processes. Next, the uses of the framework are explained as well as how its use helps to change the debate about successful processes. Finally, this article discusses how the theoretician, practitioner, and researcher-evaluator can use this framework for their own purposes, and how evaluating processes based upon their goals helps to improve the theory, practice, and research of the field.
A seawater tank approach to evaluate the dynamic failure and durability of E-glass/vinyl ester marine composites

Durability and dynamic failure properties are critical parameters for naval composite ships in seawater. However, previous measurements have significantly underestimated the intrinsic durability of composite structures. In this study, a simple composite seawater tank approach is developed to accurately simulate the material/mechanics conditions of composite structures in seawater. Only one surface of each composite specimen is exposed to seawater and this exposed surface is subjected to drop-weight impact testing followed by characterization of residual compressive strength. A series of experiments on dry and wet composite specimens were conducted to characterize the impact damage, and the residual compressive strength. Results from seawater exposure indicate that the compression-after-impact strengths of the wet specimens reduced by around 10% compared to the baseline dry specimens over 29-month seawater exposure. Therefore, durability of current marine composite is better than the previously measured properties. Our simple seawater tank durability experiment is expected to provide accurate justification for the required maintenance period of new composite ship structures.
Unsupervised textured image segmentation using feature smoothing probabilistic relaxation techniques

Abstract This paper describes an unsupervised textured image segmentation algorithm. The goals are to improve textured image segmentation results, especially along the borders of regions; and to take into account the spatial relationship among pixels to improve the segmentation of region interiors. An improved method to extract textured energy features in the feature extraction stage is described. The method is based upon an adaptive noise smoothing concept which takes the nonstationary nature of the problem into account. Texture energy features are first estimated using a window of small size to reduce the possibility of mixing statistics along region borders. The estimated texture energy feature values are then smoothed by a quadrant filtering method to reduce the variability of the estimates while retaining the region border accuracy. In this unsupervised segmentation system, the estimated feature values are used in a K-means clustering algorithm to estimate the class statistics. The estimated class statistics are then used by the Bayes classifier to make an initial probabilistic labeling. The spatial constraints are then enforced through the use of a probabilistic relaxation algorithm. Limiting the probability labels by probability thresholding is used to make the relaxation iteration more efficient. The trade-off between efficiency and degradation of performance is studied. Finally, an overview of the proposed textured image segmentation system is provided and comparisons of overall performance are made.
Using an Interclerkship Course to Teach Hunger and Malnutrition among Children to Third Year Medical Students

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To recognize improvements being made in medical nutrition education, with intentional emphasis on the nutritional status of children outside of the hospital setting. Historically, medical school curricula have not sufficiently emphasized the vitally important role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of disease. Although both medical students and the public at large have stated that nutrition is deserving of more coverage in medical education, most medical schools have hesitated to do so. Consequently, a two-day interclerkship course entitled Hunger and Malnutrition among Massachusetts Children was developed to provide a relevant, dramatic, and memorable learning experience for our third year medical students. Our goals were to introduce a topic that had not been adequately covered in the curriculum, to provide a link between the basic and clinical sciences, and to involve diverse medical, research, and community resources. A continuous theme in developing the course was that applications of nutrition science were to be emphasized so that family physicians could function effectively, not only as practitioners but also as community and civic leaders. A focus group was held with the medical students to determine their attitudes about hunger and malnutrition issues and to assess the skills and knowledge they still needed to attain. In addition to our own faculty and staff who were involved, nationally recognized researchers were invited to share their knowledge of pediatric hunger and malnutrition. Food assistance, medical assistance, and social agencies were invited to interact with the students and provide literature regarding their services. Representatives from these agencies also participated in case studies regarding obesity, iron deficiency, "picky eaters," vegan diets, organic failure to thrive, and breastfeeding, which promoted problem solving and discussion among the students. Pre- and post-tests were developed; face validity and content validity were ascertained, and the results of the tests and the students' evaluations of the course will be presented.
Generalized master equations from the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and propagation in an infinite chain.

Generalized master equations with nonlinear memory functions describing quasiparticle transport on lattices are derived explicitly from the discrete nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation through the application of diagonalizing projection operators. Exact results are presented for dimers, and an approximation scheme is developed for extended systems such as an infinite chain, which treats the nonlinearity exactly and the intersite transfer perturbatively. An apparent connection to the Toda lattice is pointed out. The exact results presented for the dimer include an explicit evaluation of the initial (driving) term in the generalized master equation.
Cross-Sectional Drawing Techniques And The Artist

Although Democritus, a Greek pholosopher of the fifth century B.C. described the use of cross-sections in analyzing a solid form, this method was not extensively developed in art until the Renaissance. The earliest treatise documenting the integration of the cross-section and linear perspective is Piero della Francesca's De prospective pingendi (c. 1480), in which a drawing of the human head is mathematically conceived and plotted by means of cross-section contours. Piero's method anticipates contemporary biostereometric techniques and current theories of visual perception. Outside of theoretical treatises the complete cross-section rarely occurs in art, though certain pictorial elements such as the religious halo can be interpreted as cross-sections. The chan-ging representation of the halo in art of the Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque periods parallels the development of the artist's concepts and techniques for representing form and space. During the Renaissance and Baroque periods the widespread use of contour hatching, a drawing technique based on the cross-section, indicates that the cross-section concept has played a greater role in pictorial representation than has generally been recognized.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Let's not forget about sensory consciousness

The metacognitive stance of Smith et al. (2003) risks ignoring sensory consciousness. Although Smith et al. rightly caution against the tendency to preserve the uniqueness of the human mind at all costs, their reasoned stance is undermined by a selective association of consciousness with high-level cognitive operations. Neurobiological evidence may offer a more general, and hence more inclusive, basis for the systematic study of animal consciousness.
Pharyngeal dysphagia in a patient with unsuspected cervical fracture: a case report.

A fracture of the dens of C2 and the resultant chronic anterior dislocation resulted in an extrinsic impression of the posterior pharyngeal wall, giving the patient a choking sensation on attempting to swallow. This fracture is a highly unusual cause of pharyngeal dysphagia.
Earthquake hazard assessment from the recent space and surface measurements of the Earth's gravity field

The distinctive nature of the structure of the Earth's gravity field over high seismicity areas, as observed in some limited scale studies, indicates that it is possible to use these associative patterns to outline areas of high seismicity or high earthquake hazard potential from a knowledge of the finer structure of the Earth's gravity field. The global scale investigation of such relationships as a function of the geophysical characteristics of various tectonic provinces, and the parameterisation of such relationships by hypocentral depth and earthquake intensity/energy data, become even more attractive because of the availability of (1) satellite-determined gravity models which provide global information on the long wavelength components of the gravity field, (2) satellite altimetry data which provide oceanwide information on the detailed geoidal structure, (3) surface gravity data which provide information on the short wavelength components in the areas of surface gravity coverage, and (4) bathymetric and topographic data which, though still somewhat limited in spite of their recent extensions of coverage, are available in more and more areas and provide information on the tectonic and morphological environments of an area to enable its gravity data conversion to some standard environments for direct comparisons of underlying structures. Additionally, the rapidly mounting geological and geophysical evidence of considerable intraplate tectonic activity, not so fashionable until recently, makes the study of these correlative patterns even more attractive and productive from a scientific viewpoint. This paper presents the major elements of the theoretical formulation for conducting such investigations.
The mix that makes unipolarity: hegemonic purpose and international constraints

The nature of a global arena dominated by one great power remains a critical subject for understanding international relations. Brooks and Wohlforth's recent book makes an important contribution by arguing that unipolarity poses few constraints to the hegemon and that the United States today should pursue a policy of primacy. The puzzle is that the United States has mostly resisted a primacy policy since becoming the sole superpower, and when it has done so, has often been less successful than the promise of its power advantage. Explaining this puzzle requires building on ‘the no constraint’ approach to develop a positive theory based on hegemonic purpose, a reformulated notion of constraints, and how purpose and constraints interact to shape outcomes. This reformulation suggests that any American strategy that looks like ‘primacy’ is unlikely to succeed.
In trans T cell tolerance exacerbates experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by interfering with protective antibody responses.

Abstract F 1 (SJL/J × C57BL/6) mice with MOG35–55-induced EAE recover from disease when treated with Ig-MOG carrying MOG35–55 peptide. However, Ig-PLP1, carrying PLP139–151, induced reduction of anti-MOG antibodies and exacerbated EAE. Herein, we show that Ig-PLP1 specifically reduces the frequency of B cells producing protective IgG2a/b anti-MOG antibodies. Surprisingly, these cells were marginal zone (MZ), rather than follicular (FO) or newly formed (NF), B cells and transfer of MZ B cells into sick mice nullified disease exacerbation by Ig-PLP1 in a complement dependent manner. These findings reveal a potential self-limiting regulatory mechanism involving auto-antibodies in MOG EAE.
The Kirbyville Eucrite

— The Kirbyville meteorite is an equilibrated monomict eucrite with a mode (calculated in wt.%): plagioclase 37, inverted pigeonite 58, silica 3, ilmenite 1.4 and troilite 0.3. The pyroxene compositional range is Wo 2–42, Fs 27–62, En 30–40 with an average of Wo 7. The plagioclase average mean is An 89. Kirbyville is one of the “main group” eucrites.
Three-dimensional imaging of heart, lungs, and circulation

A new imaging device, the dynamic spatial reconstructor (DSR), is described. It differs from commercially available computed tomography scanners in several ways. It images a volume rather than a slice; it images the volume in stop-action to minimize blurring due to motion; and it repeats the scan 60 times per second so that the functional movements of heart muscle and lung tissue and the distribution of roentgen contrast medium in blood can be quantitated in any portion of the body, especially in the heart, great vessels, and lungs. The system is under evaluation as a research tool for physiologic and, ultimately, clinical investigations.
Effects of Moisture Stress on the Multiplication and Expansion of Cells in Leaves of Sugar Beet

Sugar beets were subjected to moisture stress by decreasing the water potential of the culture solution osmotically with polyethylene glycol by a known amount, ΔΨ π , and, alternatively by applying matric potential, Ψ τ , at the plant roots. Lowering the water potential at the root surface less than 200 millibars by either method resulted in significant decreases in the rate of cell multiplication. The final number of cells per leaf at Ψ π = -372 mb the final was 165% of that at Ψ π = -473 mb (ΔΨ τ = −101 mb); similarly at Ψ τ = −15 mb the final cell number was 198% of that at Ψ τ = −196 mb (ΔΨ τ = −181 mb). The mean cell volume of leaves was not significantly affected by these levels of moisture stress.
Antecedents and Effects of CIO Supply-Side and Demand-Side Leadership: A Staged Maturity Model

As organizations' information technology (IT) investment goals evolve from improving operational efficiency to enhancing strategic growth, the chief information officer (CIO) is increasingly expected to play not only the traditional supply-side leadership role that focuses on exploiting existing IT competencies to support known business needs but also the demand-side leadership role that focuses on exploring new IT-enabled business opportunities that result in competitive advantage. Using matched CIO business executive responses from 174 firms, we test a staged maturity relationship between CIO supply-side and demand-side leadership and examine three antecedents (CIO human capital, CIO structural power, and organizational support for IT) and two effects (IT contribution to firm efficiency and strategic growth) of CIO leadership. The staged maturity model is supported by our findings and provides insight into how these two stages of CIO leadership influence IT impact within the organization and how they are influenced by these key antecedents.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREDICTED STRESS AND MEASURED ATTENTIONAL DEMAND IN A SIMULATED DRIVING TASK

The need exists for a method whereby a highway designer can determine, during the design stage, whether a highway design will demand so much of a driver's attention that he is left with insufficient time to look for and avoid accidents. Several methods exist for predicting how busy a subject will be under given circumstances. However, no direct comparisons between predicted stress and measured percent occupied have been attempted. In order to determine this relationship, various levels of difficulty of a tracking task and of a word-reading task were presented to 15 subjects. The stress for each difficulty level was predicted and attentional demand was measured directly. The relationship between predicted stress and percent occupied was found not to agree with the relationship commonly assumed in the literature on workload.
Descending projections from the nucleus raphe obscurus to pudendal motoneurons in the male rat.

Previous physiological and behavioral studies have shown that the nucleus raphe obscurus (nRO) modulates pelvic floor reflex function (Yamanouchi and Kakeyama [1992] Physiol. Behav. 51:575–579; Beattie et al. [1996] Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 22:722.4; Holmes et al. [1997] Brain Res. 759:197–204). In the present study, small injections of fluorescent tracers were used to investigate direct descending projections from the rostral and caudal portions of the brainstem nRO to retrogradely labeled pudendal motoneurons (MN) in the male rat. The caudal nRO projects into the ventral and lateral funiculi of the spinal cord, with arborizations in the thoracic intermediolateral cell column; in laminae VII, IX, and X of the lumbosacral cord; and in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN). Many identified external anal sphincter and ischiocavernosus MNs appeared to be in direct apposition with fibers originating from the caudal nRO; and more than half of the bulbospongiosus MNs that were identified appeared to receive such descending input. In addition to the nRO spinal autonomic and pudendal motoneuronal targets, projections were observed to regions of the intermediate gray that contain interneurons organizing the pelvic floor reflexes and to MN pools that are involved in functionally related somatic activities. Finally, several neurons in the lumbar enlargement were labeled retrogradely with FluoroRuby after injections into the nRO and the immediately adjacent reticular formation. Thus, the nRO may be in a position to modulate the coordinated actions of autonomic preganglionic and functionally related skeletal MN activity involved in sexual and eliminative reflex functions. J. Comp. Neurol. 397:458–474, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Nonlinear estimation of gait kinematics during functional electrical stimulation and orthosis-based walking

This paper presents a nonlinear estimation algorithm which utilizes a low-degree of freedom model of functional electrical stimulation (FES) and orthosis-based walking to estimate lower-limb angles. The estimated lower limb angles can be used to decide when the FES signal should be applied to the leg during the different phases of walking. To this end, we use measurements from inertial measurement units (IMUs) to estimate the lower limb segment angles. A state-dependent coefficient (SDC)-based nonlinear estimator is developed to estimate the lower limb angles. The nonlinear estimator is robust to uncertainties in the motion modeling and sensor noise/bias from the IMUs. A comparison with extended Kalman (EKF)-like filter shows improved performance of the estimator in simulation studies.
Where to locate the isocenter? The treatment strategy for repeat trigeminal neuralgia radiosurgery.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how the spatial relationship between the isocenters of the first and second radiosurgeries affects the overall outcome. Methods and Materials: We performed a retrospective study on 40 patients who had repeat gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia. Only one 4-mm isocenter was applied in both first and second radiosurgeries, with a maximum radiation dose of 75 Gy and 40 Gy, respectively. The MR scan of the first radiosurgery was registered to that of the second radiosurgery by a landmark-based registration algorithm. The spatial relationship between the isocenter of the first and the second radiosurgeries was thus determined. The investigating parameters were the distance between the isocenters of the two separate radiosurgeries and isocenter proximity to the brainstem. The outcome end points were pain relief and dysesthesias. The median follow-up for the repeat radiosurgery was 28 months (range, 6–51 months). Results: Pain relief was complete in 11 patients, nearly complete (≥90%) in 7 patients, partial (≥50%) in 8 patients, and minimal ( p = 0.057). The proximity of the second isocenter to the brainstem did not affect pain relief, and neither did placing the second isocenter proximal or distal to the brainstem compared with the first one. Three patients developed moderate dysesthesias (score of 4 on a 0–10 scale), and 2 other patients developed more significant dysesthesias (score of 7) after the second radiosurgery. Dysesthesias related neither to distance between isocenters nor to which isocenter was closer to the brainstem. Conclusions: Image registration between MR scans of the first and second radiosurgeries helps target delineation and radiosurgery treatment planning. Increasing the isocenter distance between the two radiosurgeries treated a longer segment of the trigeminal neuralgia nerve and was associated with a trend toward improved pain relief.
Silica heat flow estimates and heat flow in the Colorado Plateau and adjacent areas

Swanberg, C. A. and Morgan, P., 1985. Silica heat flow estimates and heat flow in the Colorado Plateau and adjacent areas. Journal of Geodynamics 3:65 85. The Colorado Plateau is a large lithospheric block in the western United States, approximately 700 km in diameter, that has remained relatively stable during major Phanerozoic tectonic episodes that have deformed the lithosphere surrounding the Plateau, and was most recently uplifted in the Cenozoic. The thermal structure of the Plateau is important for understanding the mechanism of the plateau uplift and the reasons for its tectonic stability. Heat flow data indicate the Plateau has an average heat flow thermal interior with a high heat flow margin, but these data are too sparcely distributed in many areas to accurately map the thermal transition. We have generated a new heat flow map of the Colorado Plateau and surrounding areas using heat flow estimates based upon groundwater silica analyses. With 4094 data points in the Plateau and 5566 data points in areas immediately adjacent, the silica heat flow estimates provide more uniform coverage than the availble heat flow data and indicate the following: 1. The interior of the Plateau has a mean heat flow of 55+ 11 mWm 2; 2. the Plateau margins generally have high heat flow (60-110 mW m-2, averaging approx. 85 mW m 2), typical of that for the surrounding Basin and Range and Southern Rocky Mountain-Rio Grande rift provinces; 3. to the north no high heat flow margin exists and the Plateau interior is thermally indistinguishable from the adjacent Uinta Uplift and Wyoming Basin; 4. There is significant variation of heat flow within the thermal interior of the Plateau, with generally lower heat flow in the west and higher heat flow in the east where many of the traditional heat flow sites are concentrated. Silica heat flow estimates indicate that high heat flow is less extensive than typically interpreted from heat flow data. We suggest that a transition zone exists between the thermal boundaries defined by the two data sets, in which the heat flow is typically similar to the thermal interior, but where local thermal disturbances are common due to magmatic heating and heat transfer by groundwater flow.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hexagonally Packed Mesoporous Tantalum Oxide Molecular Sieves

The synthesis and characterization of Ta-TMS1, a new member of a growing family of hexagonally packed transition-metal oxide mesoporous molecular sieves (termed TMS1) is described. Ta-TMS1 exhibits a hexagonal array of pores which can be varied in size from 20 to 40 A and surface areas of over 500 m2/g. The thermal and hydrothermal stabilities of Ta-TMS1 are 500 and 450 °C, respectively, making this system the most stable transition-metal oxide molecular sieve yet isolated. The high hydrocarbon adsorption capacities of this material make it a promising candidate as a catalyst support for hydrocarbon re-forming processes. The synthesis of this material was achieved by a novel approach involving the careful hydrolysis of long-chain primary amine complexes of Ta(OEt)5. This ligand-assisted templating mechanism represents a new approach to the synthesis of porous materials in that the inorganic precursor is covalently bonded to the template throughout synthesis. The high thermal stability, ease of synthesis a...
Average 7-Year Survivorship and Clinical Results of a Newer Primary Posterior Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty

We evaluated the average 7-year survivorship and clinical results of a newer primary posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The modifications in this design included a deeper patellar sulcus aimed at reducing contact stresses, improving patellar tracking, and achieving greater maximum flexion. A consecutive group of 137 patients (171 knees) who underwent TKAs using the Optetrak PS knee prosthesis between October 1997 and March 2004 were followed for an average of 6.8 years (range 4.0–11.5 years). Preoperative range of motion (ROM) and Knee Society scores were obtained and compared to that of the patients’ most recent follow-up. Manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) and revision of the implant for any reason were considered endpoints for Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of all knees. Twenty-one knees (12.3%) underwent MUA. Three knees (1.8%) underwent revision, resulting in a 97.2% survival at a mean 10 years follow-up. Pain scores and ROM significantly improved after surgery (from preoperative average of 5.3 and 105° respectively to 44.6 and 120° postoperatively). These findings suggest that this posterior stabilized knee design is both a safe and effective option for patients undergoing primary TKA.
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfatase in the prostate and seminal vesicles of the rat

Abstract 1. 1. The object of this investigation was to determine the presence or absence of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfatase in the accessory sex glands of the male rat. This search was prompted by the known influence of the adrenal cortex on the prostate gland and the demonstrations of the secretion of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate by the adrenal gland. 2. 2. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfatase activity was demonstrated in the rat prostate gland and seminal vesicles. The tissue specificity of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfatase in this investigation was confined primarily to the prostate and the seminal vesicles. The epididymal fat pad could not effect this enzymatic hydrolysis and muscle (thigh and abdominal wall) had lower levels of activity. The substrate specificity for steroid sulfates was confined to dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, pregnenolone sulfate, and estrone sulfate. androsterone sulfate and testosterone sulfate were not hydrolyzed. The apparent Km for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in the seminal vesicles at 5% tissue concentration was found to be 2.1 · 10−5 M. 3. 3. In view of the tissue and substrate specificity of the prostate and seminal vesicle sulfatases for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, it would seem reasonable to suggest that at least part of the hormonal influence of the adrenal gland on the male accessory sex glands might be by way of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate which can be hydrolyzed in these target tissues to free dehydroepiandrosterone, a known androgenic compound.
Mobile Agent-based Remote Vision Sensor Fusion

Vision systems have become popular for remote vision sensing in geographically distributed environments due to vast amount of information they provide. However, remote vision sensors are generally plagued with power and communication bandwidth constraints. Mobile agent technology is a salient solution to geographically distributed and dynamic domains that require subsystems to interact with each other. Mobile agent technology increases power efficiency by reducing communication requirements and increases fusion processing by allowing in-situ integration of on-demand visual processing and analysis algorithms. A mobile agent can dynamically migrate from one vision sensor to another and combine all necessary sensor data in a desired manner specific to the system requesting the data. This paper presents a remote vision fusion architecture based on mobile agent technology that provides a flexible vision fusion solution. The architecture utilizes the Mobile-C library as a basis for the mobile agency along with OpenCV and ImageMagick for vision processing and manipulation. An application example is provided that demonstrates the benefit of using mobile agents for vision fusion in remote vision systems. The validity of the architecture is proven in an experimental setup with a retrofitted robotic cell comprised of a Puma 560, IBM 7575, a conveyor system, and a vision system.
Effects of Moisture Determination Method on Estimates of Digestibilities and Intakes of Conserved Alfalfa

Abstract Digestibilities, nitrogen balances, and voluntary intakes of six silage-hay diets fed to sheep were used to contrast different methods of determination of dry matter. All wet samples of feed, feed refusals, and feces from 24 wethers were analyzed in triplicate for dry matter by: forced air drying at 90C for 24h; vacuum oven drying at 70C under pressure of less than 75mm mercury for 24h; toluene distillation (uncorrected); toluene distillation (acid corrected); and by a chemical saponification method. There were significant differences in dry matter between methods. Dry matter digestibility of hay was overestimated by 6.8% when forced air drying was used rather than the chemical method whereas that of a formaldehyde-treated silage was underestimated by 5.5%; the digestible energy intake of the formaldehyde-treated silage was underestimated by 15.1%, and that of the hay overestimated by 6.9%. Nitrogen balance was 75.9 and 7.4 g/head per day for hay and untreated silage when forced air dry matter and Kjeldahl nitrogen on the dried sample were combined while values were 25.6 and −42.1 g/head per day when data by chemical method were used with Kjeldahl nitrogen on the wet sample. Differences in estimates of dry matter may explain some of the anomalous dietary comparisons for silage and hay.
Sampling of Speech Pathology Treatment Activities: An Evaluation of Momentary and Interval Sampling Procedures

Videotaped samples of aphasia treatment sessions were coded, using the Clinical Interaction Analysis System (CIAS), a 39-category system for recording the events that occur in clinician-patient int...
Control of Baseline Heart Rate in the Fetal Lamb

To investigate the mechanisms controlling baseline fetal heart rate (BFHR) at different gestational ages (GA) and behavioral sleep states, 10 chronically instrumented (nonvagotomized, control) and 9 vagotomized fetal lambs were used. BFHR was assessed in active and quiet behavioral states at 124–147 days gestation. Fetal electrocorticogram, electrooculogram, and breathing movements were used to distinguish behavioral states. Inverse relationships were found between BFHR and GA for both states in the control group, with a steeper regression slope during active sleep (P 135 days)]. During quiet sleep, control BFHR was greater than vagotomized BFHR throughout the entire gestational period [P < ...
Mammal mounds stimulate microbial activity in a semiarid shrubland.

This study was conducted to determine the influence of animal disturbance, in the form of banner-tailed kangaroo rat (Dipodomys spectabilis) mounds, on soil microbial abundance and activities in a Chihuahuan Desert shrubland. Total organic carbon (TOC), microbial biomass C (Cmic), and basal respiration were quantified in soils from beneath and between creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) in three zones: directly on the mounds, immediately surrounding the mounds, and between mounds. TOC, Cmic, and respiration were enhanced both in soils beneath the canopies of the shrubs and on the mammal mounds. Thus, mammals as well as shrubs contribute to spatial heterogeneity. Ratios of respiration to Cmic (metabolic quotient) were highest on the mammal mounds; however, the ratio of Cmic : TOC was not affected by shrub canopy cover or location relative to mammal mounds. The higher metabolic quotients in the vicinities of the mounds reflect physical disturbance by mammals and suggest higher proportions of relatively easily metabolized organic carbon than in soils more distant from mounds.
Laboratory glassware as a contaminant in silicate analysis of natural water samples

Abstract When glassware is used for the storage of water samples, reagents and standard solutions, dissolution of silicate from the glass containers can contaminate the samples. Experimental results demonstrate that dissolution from glassware can introduce micromolar silicate within a few hours. The extent of dissolution depends upon contact time, salinity and pH of the solution, and the size and shape of the containers.
The influence of pain on masseter spindle afferent discharge

Muscle spindles provide proprioceptive feedback supporting normal patterns of motor activity and kinesthetic sensibility. During mastication, jaw muscle spindles play an important role in monitoring and regulating the chewing cycle and the bite forces generated during mastication. Both acute and chronic orofacial pain disorders are associated with changes in proprioceptive feedback and motor function. Experimental jaw muscle pain also alters the normal response of masseter spindle afferents to ramp and hold jaw movements. It has been proposed that altered motor function and proprioceptive input results from group III muscle afferent modulation of the fusimotor system which alters spindle afferent sensitivity in limb muscles. The response to nociceptive stimuli may enhance or reduce the response of spindle afferents to proprioceptive stimuli. Several experimental observations suggesting the possibility that a similar mechanism also functions in jaw muscles are presented in this report. First, evidence is provided to show that nociceptive stimulation of the masseter muscle primarily influences the amplitude sensitivity of spindle afferents with relatively little effect on the dynamic sensitivity. Second, reversible inactivation of the caudal trigeminal nuclei attenuates the nociceptive modulation of spindle afferents. Finally, functionally identified gamma-motoneurons in the trigeminal motor nucleus are modulated by intramuscular injection with algesic substances. Taken together, these results suggest that pain-induced modulation of spindle afferent responses are mediated by small diameter muscle afferents and that this modulation is dependent, in part, on the relay of muscle nociceptive information from trigeminal subnucleus caudalis onto trigeminal gamma-motoneurons. The implication of these results will be considered in light of current theories on the relationship between jaw muscle pain and oral motor function.
Plato's Ion : The Problem of the Author

Today Plato's Ion, thought one of his weaker works, gets little attention. But in the past it has had its admirers–in 1821, for example, Percy Bysshe Shelley translated it into English. Shelley, like other Romantic readers of Plato, was drawn to the Ion's account of divine inspiration in poetry. He recommended the dialogue to Thomas Love Peacock as a reply to the latter's Four Ages of Poetry: Shelley thought the Ion would refute Peacock's charge that poetry is useless in a practical world.
The effect of prior crystallinity on the flow-induced crystallization of poly(ethylene oxide)

After flowing in a dilatometer bulb for a small fraction of the duration of the transformation, a relaxed melt of poly(ethylene oxide) (Mn = (5.9 ± 0.1) × 103) showed marked increases in isothermal crystallization rate. The extent of increase was greater when flow was imposed at modestly later stages rather than at the earliest stage of a crystallization. Kinetic parameters for the flow-induced crystallizations were obtained via modification of the conventional mathematical treatment of the kinetics of phase change, thereby allowing the analytical resolution of the overall process into flowinduced and quiescent components. Determination of the flow-induced crystallization parameters required independent determination of the kinetic parameters for quiescent crystallizations at that temperature. The Avrami exponents nf which characterized the flow-induced portions of the crystallizations were larger for those instances in which flow was imposed at the more advanced stages of the crystallizations, thus indicating a transition in crystallization mechanism. It is suggested that prior crystallinity present at the time of flow contributed to the crystallization by serving as a source of nucleation sites. However, in light of the experimental procedure employed, values of nf approximating 4 that were obtained are not susceptible to mechanistic interpretations now extant.
Better Tiling and Array Contraction for Compiling Scientific Programs

Scientific programs often include multiple loops over the same data; interleaving parts of different loops may greatly improve performance. We exploit this in a compiler for Titanium, a dialect of Java. Our compiler combines reordering optimizations such as loop fusion and tiling with storage optimizations such as array contraction (eliminating or reducing the size of temporary arrays). The programmers we have in mind are willing to spend some time tuning their code and their compiler parameters. Given that, and the difficulty in statically selecting parameters such as tile sizes, it makes sense to provide automatic parameter searching alongside the compiler. Our strategy is to optimize aggressively but to expose the compilers decisions to external control. We double or triple the performance of Gauss-Seidel relaxation and multi-grid (versus an optimizing compiler without tiling and array contraction), and we argue that ours is the best compiler for that kind of program.
Farmers and the Market in Antebellum America: A View from the Georgia Upcountry

The Upcountry of the Lower South was located on the periphery of the antebellum cotton economy, but some of its subregions were integrated into the market system in the 1850s. An analysis of sample counties in the Georgia Upcountry demonstrates that the spread of market production into the western half of the region depended on local development which created opportunities for diversified market production and increased household wealth through capital gains on improvements. The absence of market development in the eastern half of the region, in contrast, limited the wealth of farm households, reinforcing their economic isolation.
Safety and efficacy of brentuximab vedotin in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma or systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma.

Antibody-based immunotherapy has become an integral part of cancer therapeutics. However, monoclonal antibodies have their limitations as identifying an antigen selectively expressed on malignant cells and developing a high-affinity antibody may not by itself alter tumor growth. This is illustrated in the case of CD30; CD30 epitomizes many properties of an ideal pharmacologic target such as high expression on malignant cells and limited expression on normal tissues. However, until the advent of brentuximab vedotin, CD30 remained an elusive target as antibody-based anti-CD30 immunotherapy had been largely clinically unsuccessful. Brentuximab vedotin (cAC10-vcMMAE, SGN-35) is an antibody-drug conjugate consisting of a chimeric anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody whereupon the potent microtubule inhibitor monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) is attached via a valine–citrulline linker. Once bound to CD30, brentuximab vedotin is internalized and MMAE is released with the action of lysosomal enzymes on the linker. In phase I studies in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma, brentuximab vedotin induced unprecedented responses with manageable toxicity. In phase II studies, brentuximab vedotin induced overall response rates of 75% and 86% in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma, respectively. The results of these trials led to the accelerated approval of the drug by the US Food and Drug Administration in a patient population with few other alternative options. Brentuximab vedotin has overall manageable toxicity profile; however, cumulative peripheral neuropathy constitutes an important clinical consideration as it may limit prolonged administration of the drug. The mechanism by which brentuximab vedotin exerts its antitumor activity is not entirely clear. Diffusion of MMAE in the tumor microenvironment and cytotoxicity on bystander cells may in part explain its activity, especially in Hodgkin lymphoma. Herein, we review the biology of CD30 and brentuximab vedotin, and the clinical data that has accumulated thus far with SGN-35.
The Development and Structure of an Oceanic Squall-Line System during the South China Sea Monsoon Experiment

Abstract A primary goal of the South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX), a major field campaign of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), is to define the initiation, structure, evolution, and dynamics of precipitation processes associated with the onset of the South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon. In this study, dual-Doppler and dual-polarimetric radar analysis techniques are used to investigate the development and structure of a squall-line system observed on 24 May 1998. The focus is the linkage between the airflow and the microphysical fields through the system. The squall-line system, including three distinct lines, persisted from 1200 UTC 24 May to the following day. A detailed study was performed on the structure of the second and most intense line, lasting for over 10 h. Compared to tropical squall lines observed in other regions, this narrow squall-line system had some interesting features including 1) maximum reflectivity as high as 55 dBZ; 2) relatively little stratiform rainfall th...