cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Managing business relationships during a pandemic: Conducting a relationship audit and developing a path forward

Abstract During stable times, firms will generally aim to create reliable B2B relationships that provide increased efficiency and profitability. However, tumultuous times, such as the time during a major pandemic, cause many significant disruptions in both internal and external environmental domains. Thus, we argue that it is critical during this time to reevaluate the company's business relationships as a whole. While long-term partnerships are great for handling incremental changes during stable times, disruptive environmental changes may require managers to consider disruptive changes to their businesses. A pandemic may also present opportunities for establishing new relationships as there may be other partners/suppliers who are better equipped to help the company address urgent short-term needs and to capitalize on significant long-term opportunities. In this paper, we design a new relationship audit template to help B2B firms weather the immediate crisis at hand and position themselves more strategically for the future. We explore this idea in relation to the coronavirus outbreak, introduce the idea of a B2B crisis relationship audit, and offer potential steps forward for firms.
Perceived Humanization by Intimate Partners during Pregnancy Is Associated with fewer Depressive Symptoms, Less Body Dissatisfaction, and Greater Sexual Satisfaction through Reduced Self-Objectification

Consistent with objectification theory, the primary goal of the present study was to investigate the role of perceived humanization from one’s intimate partner as a predictor of depression (i.e., symptom severity), eating disorders (i.e., body dissatisfaction), and sexual dysfunction (i.e., dissatisfaction with quality of the sexual relationship) during pregnancy through decreased self-objectification. We tested our hypotheses within a dyadic framework, considering the respective contributions of humanization perceived by each partner to self-objectification and well-being in 159 U.S. heterosexual couples. Results converged with research linking partner humanization to lower levels of self-objectification in women. Further, feeling humanized by one’s partner also decreased self-objectification in men. Subsequently, lower levels of self-objectification were associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms and body dissatisfaction for both men and women and higher levels of sexual satisfaction for women. Our study also revealed the complex role of self-objectification in couple relationships: Less self-objectification by women, related to humanization from one’s partner, was associated with fewer depressive symptoms reported by their partners, but less self-objectification by men was, paradoxically, associated with more depressive symptoms reported by their partners. Results have implications for practitioners implementing couple and family interventions with pregnant women and their partners.
Implementing Goals-of-Care Conversations: Lessons From High- and Low-Performing Sites From a VA National Initiative.

Abstract Context The Veterans Health Administration (VA) National Center for Ethics in Healthcare implemented the Life-Sustaining Treatment Decisions Initiative, including policy and practice standards, clinician communication training, a documentation template, and central implementation support to foster advance care planning via goals-of-care conversations for seriously ill veterans in 2014, spreading nationally to other Veterans Health Affairs (VA) sites in 2017. Objectives Our goal was to describe the range of early implementation experiences among the pilot sites, and compare them with spread sites that implemented LSTDI about two years later, identifying cross-site best practices and pitfalls. Methods We conducted semistructured interviews with 32 key stakeholders from 12 sites to identify cross-site best practices and pitfalls related to implementation. Results Three primary implementation themes emerged: organizational readiness for transformation, importance of champions, and time and resources needed to achieve implementation. Each theme's barriers and facilitators highlighted variability in success based on complexity in terms of vertical hierarchy and horizontal cross-role/cross-clinic relationships. Conclusion Learning health care systems need multilevel interdisciplinary implementation approaches to support communication about serious illness, from broad-based system-level training and education to build communication skills, to focusing on characteristics of successful individual champions who listen to critics and are tenacious in addressing concerns.
Mass Spectrometry as a Tool to Determine the Structures and Heterogeneity of Bacterial Lipooligosaccharides (LOS)

We are interested in elucidating, at the molecular level, the events involved in infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria belonging to pathogenic Haemophilus species. In particular, we have focused on Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) which is the cause of most cases of bacterial meningitis in the United States [1] and Haemophilus ducreyi which causes the sexually transmitted disease ‘chancroid’. Chancroid is a genital ulcer disease which once again has become a serious health threat in the United States, after having all but disappeared during the 1960’s and 70’s [2].
Giant cell aortitis masquerading as intramural hematoma.

Abstract Giant cell aortitis is a rare cause of acute aortic syndrome. We describe the cases of two patients who had presented with chest pain, hypertension, and computed tomography angiographic evidence of mural thickening typical of thoracic aortic intramural hematoma. Although the patients' symptoms improved with hypertension control, elevated inflammatory markers and persistent fever to 103°F raised concern for an inflammatory etiology. Empiric steroids were administered, resulting in prompt cessation of fever and decreasing inflammatory markers. The findings from temporal artery biopsies were positive in both patients. Follow-up axial imaging after 2 weeks of steroid therapy revealed improvement in aortitis with decreased wall thickening. Giant cell aortitis should be considered in patients presenting with acute aortic syndrome in the setting of elevated inflammatory markers and noninfectious fever.
Atravesando el corazón de las tinieblas

Llevamos ya varios meses navegando a traves de la pandemia de la COVID-19 y parece que hasta el momento no tenemos visos de controlar al virus a pesar de las multiples medidas tomadas a lo largo del mundo ni tampoco parece estar cerca alguna solucion definitiva.
The Association of Insurance Status and Complications After Carpal Tunnel Release.

Background:Carpal tunnel release (CTR) is one of the most commonly performed procedures in hand surgery. Complications from surgery are a rare but significant patient dissatisfier. The purpose of t...
Perceptions of District- and School-Level Special Education Leaders on Guardianship and Adult Decision-Making Support:

There are many known barriers facing youth with disabilities as they make the transition from high school to their adult lives. One potential barrier receiving increased attention over the last 5 y...
Importance of Collaborative Care

Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs) are currently underdiagnosed and undertreated, with many women not receiving adequate treatment and remission of symptoms. PMADs are extremely treatable, and more thoughtful allocation of resources is required to improve screening, treatment initiation, and treatment response. A variety of system-level enhancements, such as collaborative care models, will ultimately be most successful in improving outcomes for patients and families.
Ependymoma Presenting as a -Rim-Enhancing Lesion in the Brainstem.

Introduction The posterior fossa is the most common intracranial location for pediatric ependymoma. While ependymoma usually arises from the ventricular lining of the fourth ventricle as a solid mass, it rarely originates from the brainstem. Grade II ependymomas also infrequently appear as a cavitary ring-enhancing lesion. Case presentation We describe a case of a 6-year-old boy with an ependymoma arising within the medulla with imaging features of a thick-walled rim-enhancing cavitary lesion. A stereotactic biopsy was obtained which confirmed a grade II ependymoma. The patient received focal proton beam radiation therapy and is doing well with no concerns for disease progression at 28 months after diagnosis. Conclusion Posterior fossa ependymomas typically arise from ependymal cells within the fourth ventricle or foramina of Luschka. They rarely invade or arise within the brainstem parenchyma. Our case had atypical imaging findings in addition to the atypical tumor location. The lesion was described as a thick-walled rim-enhancing focal cystic necrotic lesion centered within the medulla with surrounding nonenhancing expansile infiltrative changes. Ring-enhancing lesions can be seen in patients with anaplastic ependymoma, but is not commonly reported in grade II ependymomas. In summary, this report highlights a unique case of a posterior fossa ependymoma in a pediatric patient arising in an atypical brainstem location as well as having unique imaging features.
Affirmative Action and Admissions at a Jesuit Law School

The United States Supreme Court's 2003 decisions regarding affirmative action in higher education have prompted observations about the issues the Court addressed, the importance and effect of Supreme Court pronouncements, and the effect of admissions decisions on the achievement of the mission of Jesuit law schools. I applaud the Court's upholding the use of race as a factor in admission decisions in order to promote diversity as symbolically important, but believe that current levels of most affirmative action programs have been inadequate. Now that the Supreme Court has upheld the use of race and ethnicity in university admissions, Loyola University Chicago should greatly increase its commitment to a diverse student body in order to benefit society and to fulfill the Jesuit commitment to serving the poor and to striving to create a just society.
What Is the Trigger for Sexual Climax

A model is proposed to consider sexual climax in men, women, and animals as a unitary phenomenon. Sexual climax is a stereotyped rhythmic pattern of spinally generated neural activity in the autonomic and somatic nerves innervating pelvic organs. A column of neurons in the spinal cord of the male rat is strongly activated by ejaculation (sexual climax in the male). These neurons project to the thalamus and are therefore called lumbar spinothalamic cells (LSt cells). Comprehensive studies have demonstrated that the LSt cells constitute a central pattern generator of ejaculation. These findings have been extended to female animals. Further studies identified LSt cells in the lumbar spinal cord of men and women. Strong evidence indicates that the LSt cells mediate ejaculation in men. The climax model generalizes and extends these studies. It postulates that LSt cells in the lumbar spinal cord of humans and animals of both sexes generate climax. The LSt cells generate the neural activity driving the pelvic contractions and other responses of climax. The activity is transmitted to supraspinal sites to activate orgasm. The LSt cells receive excitatory and inhibitory projections from supraspinal sites. The descending projections reflect subjective arousal and inhibitions. Spinal sensory neurons from the genitals provide excitatory and inhibitory innervation to the LSt cells. These represent pleasurable and noxious sensations. The supraspinal and spinal excitatory and inhibitory inputs are integrated by the LSt. When the sum of the excitatory inputs, minus the sum of the inhibitory inputs reaches a threshold, the LSt cells generate sexual climax.
The chemistry of heparin.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an account of the more recent developments in the chemistry of heparin together with the significant features of the earlier work. Heparin, the blood anticoagulant present in circulatory tissue is now recognized to be an important and chemically unique polysaccharide of considerable biological significance. To ascertain the origin of its blood-coagulating properties, crude cephalin was submitted to a careful fractionation. Fractions were obtained which unexpectedly inhibited the coagulation of oxalated, dog serum. This was a significant discovery because no anticoagulant had previously been found in mammalian tissue. Because of its abundance in liver, the anticoagulant material was named “heparin.” In addition to its role in the blood-coagulation process, heparin shows other types of biological activity, such as its action in clearing fat globules from the blood stream (alimentary lipemia) and its use in the treatment of frost-bite. Heparin also possesses activity toward certain strains of bacteria; for example, in a protein-free medium, heparin was found to be bacteriostatic toward Micrococcus pyogenes at 100 p.p.m.
Axial filament formation in Bacillus subtilis: induction of nucleoids of increasing length after addition of chloramphenicol to exponential-phase cultures approaching stationary phase.

Abstract When chloramphenicol was added to a culture of Bacillus subtilis in early exponential growth, microscopic observation of cells stained by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole showed nucleoids that had changed in appearance from irregular spheres and dumbbells to large, brightly stained spheres and ovals. In contrast, the addition of chloramphenicol to cultures in mid- and late exponential growth showed cells with elongated nucleoids whose frequency and length increased as the culture approached stationary phase. The kinetics of nucleoid elongation after the addition of chloramphenicol to exponential-phase cultures was complex. Immediately after treatment, the rate of nucleoid elongation was very rapid. The nucleoid then elongated steadily for about 4 min, after which the rate of elongation decreased considerably. Nucleoids of cells treated with 6-(p-hydroxyphenylazo)-uracil (an inhibitor of DNA synthesis) exhibited the immediate rapid elongation upon chloramphenicol treatment but not the subsequent changes. These observations suggest that axial filament formation during stationary phase (stage I of sporulation) in the absence of chloramphenicol results from changes in nucleoid structure that are initiated earlier, during exponential growth.
Coloring Their World: Americans and Decorative Color in the Nineteenth Century

Fig. 1. Wet-collodion photograph by R. R. Morganweck. Courtesy of Virginia and Michael Mescher, 1999. When in 1999 Civil War re-enactors and sutlers Michael and Virginia Mescher dressed for a period portrait using a mid-nineteenth century photographic method, they fussed more over their hair than their clothes [Fig. 1]. After all, as serious historical interpretors they had studied period dress and knew their outfits made of reproduction fabrics were appropriate choices for representing the ...
Regulation of microRNA expression in the lungs by exposure to air pollution & antigen (HUM2P.340)

Pulmonary Hypertension is characterized by pulmonary arterial remodeling and increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation. It is often associated with inflammation in the lungs and can lead to right heart failure. Our work shows that urban ambient pollution exacerbates the experimental pulmonary hypertension phenotype just like other types of inflammatory lung conditions. We aimed to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that are differentially expressed in our mouse model. In addition, we examined plasma samples from individuals occupationally exposed to high levels of air pollution or cigarette smoke, and from controls. Our study is the first to show significantly de-regulated expression of three microRNA species (miR-135a, miR-21, miR-204) in the lungs of mice that were exposed to antigen and particulate matter and developed pulmonary hypertension. De-regulated levels of miR-21 and miR-204 have been reported in human pulmonary hypertension and in experimental pulmonary hypertension. MiR-135a is targeting STAT6 and upregulated expression has been reported in experimental asthma. Using human samples, our study showed that plasma levels of miR-21 and miR-135a, but not levels of miR-204, clustered individuals with high dose exposures and individuals with low dose environmental exposures. Current studies are aimed at identifying the cytokines that control these miRNAs’ expression. The long range goal is to identify miRNAs that indicate an at-risk state of the pulmonary vasculature.
Occupational exposures and longitudinal lung function decline

Background Few longitudinal studies have been conducted on occupational exposure and lung function. This study investigated occupational dust exposure effects on lung function and whether genetic variants influence such effects. Methods The study population (1,332 participants) was from the Framingham Heart Study, in which participant lung function measures were available from up to five examinations over nearly 17 years. Occupational dust exposures were classified into “more” and “less” likely dust exposure. We used linear mixed effects models for the analysis. Results Participants with more likely dust exposure had a mean 4.5 mL/year excess loss rate of FEV1 over time. However, occupational dust exposures alone or interactions with age or time had no significant effect on FEV1/FVC. No statistically significant effects of genetic modifications in the different subgroups were identified for FEV1 loss. Conclusions Occupational dust exposures may accelerate the rate of FEV1 loss but not FEV1/FVC loss. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:14–20, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical Significance of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Alzheimer's Disease

In a study of 15 probable Alzheimer's patients and 12 healthy elderly control subjects, Alzheimer's patients had a significantly higher apnea index (patients versus controls, mean +/- SD: 6.3 +/- 6.6 vs 1.8 +/- 2.7, P less than .05) and greater maximal duration of apnea (patients versus controls, median: 50.0 vs 28.5 seconds, P less than .001), but no significant increase in oxyhemoglobin desaturation compared with controls. (The accepted normal threshold for abnormality is an apnea index more than 5.) Although three of seven psychometric tests (odd-even, category retrieval, face-hand test) showed diurnal effects on one or more of their subscores, with Alzheimer's patients having significantly poorer scores at the AM than at PM testing, overnight change scores in the psychometric tests were not significantly correlated with severity of sleep-disordered breathing. Further, only 18.1% of the disruptive (ie, requiring intervention) nocturnal behaviors of the Alzheimer's patients were temporally linked to sleep-disordered breathing. The current data suggest that sleep-disordered breathing in nonmedicated Alzheimer's patients is relatively mild and is not a predictor of either overnight mental status changes, of disruptive nocturnal behaviors, or of daytime behavioral fluctuations. Additional studies of more severely demented patients and possibly of sleeping pill effects would be useful in further evaluating the role of sleep apnea in Alzheimer behavioral changes.
Microresonator Sensors Made in Polymers with Functional Chromophore Dopants

The optical properties such as index of refraction and optical absorption of many chromophore-doped polymers are sensitive to the physical and chemical environment to which the polymers are exposed. A variety of microring resonator sensors have been realized with chromophore-doped polymers. Detection sensitivity is further enhanced by optical microresonator structures such as waveguide microring resonator and fiber Bragg gratings. Chromophore-doped polymers also offer some desirable flexibility in device fabrication. Ultraviolet light and electron beam can reduce the index of refraction of the polymer. The photobleaching and electron beam bleaching methods form optical waveguides in a single fabrication step and do not involve solvents or wet chemicals, and can be applied to polymers that are not compatible with other waveguide fabrication techniques.
Trust and technology in virtual teams

Pressured by the growing need for fast response times, mass customization and globalization, many organizations are turning to flexible organizational forms, such as virtual teams. Virtual teams consist of cooperative relationships supported by information technology to overcome limitations of time and/or location. Virtual teams require their members to rely heavily on the use of information technology and trust in coworkers.This study investigates the impacts that the reliance on information technology (operationalized in our study via the user satisfaction construct) and trust have on the job satisfaction of virtual team members. The study findings reveal that both user satisfaction and trust are positively related to job satisfaction in virtual teams, while system use was not found to play a significant role. These findings emphasize that organizations seeking the benefits of flexible, IT-enabled virtual teams must consider both the level of trust among colleagues, and the users' satisfaction with the information technology on which virtual teams rely.
Organizational characteristics associated with the availability of women's health clinics for primary care in the Veterans Health Administration.

ABSTRACT Objective: Women's health clinics (WHCs) offering integrated primary care (PC) and gender-specific services reduce fragmentation and improve quality of care for women. Our objective was to understand organizational influences on the development of WHCs for PC delivery in Veterans Health Administration (VA) facilities. Methods: We surveyed PC directors at 219 VA facilities about the presence of separate WHCs for PC and evaluated organizational characteristics (e.g., authority, staffing, and resources) associated with their development. Results: One hundred thirty-three VA medical centers (61%) have established WHCs for PC. VA facilities with WHCs for PC were significantly more likely to have PC leadership distinct from subspecialty care (odds ratio = 3.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.45–9.05). Local PC staff mix, team structure, and resource characteristics were not associated with WHCs. Conclusions: With the growth of women in the military and, in turn, in the VA, autonomy of PC leadership may dri...
The biology of hernias and the abdominal wall

The fundamental mechanism for hernia formation is loss of the mechanical integrity of abdominal wall structural tissue that results in the inability to offset and contain intra-abdominal forces during valsalva and loading of the torso. There is evidence that genetic or systemic extracellular matrix disorders may predispose patients to hernia formation. There is also evidence that acute laparotomy wound failure leads to hernia formation and increases the risk of recurrent hernia disease. It may be that hernia formation is a heterogeneous disease, not unlike cancer, where one population of patients express an extracellular matrix defect leading to primary hernia disease, while other subsets of patients acquire a defective, chronic wound phenotype following failed laparotomy and hernia repairs. It is evident that an improved understanding of structural tissue matrix biology will lead to improved results following abdominal wall reconstructions.
Different ultraviolet DNA endonuclease activity in human cells.

THE first step of the model of the excision repair mechanism for ultraviolet-irradiated DNA is the incision of the DNA adjacent to the pyrimidine dimer by an endonuclease (ultraviolet endonuclease)1. Such endonucleases have been purified from M. luteus2 and T4-infected E. coli3 and partially purified from uninfected E. coli4. Human cells also perform excision-repair of ultraviolet-irradiated DNA5 and ultraviolet endonuclease activity has been identified in extracts of HeLa cells6,7 and human fibroblasts7. An ultraviolet endonuclease has been purified from rat liver8. But it has not been proved that any of these enzymes are true repair endonucleases, for the proof of an enzyme's role in cellular metabolism rests on analysis of its activity in mutants4. Cells from patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) seem to be excision-repair defective mutants1 and have been postulated to lack the ultraviolet endonuclease activity necessary to initiate repair9.
Polymer-Protected Palladium Nanoparticles and Their Use in Catalysis

Abstract Stable palladium colloids were prepared by the in-situ reduction of palladium chloride (PdCl2) in the presence of protective water-soluble polymers and cationic polyelectrolytes. The particle sizes, morphologies, and particle-size distributions were determined by transmission electron microscopy and found to be in the nanometer size range. The catalytic activity of these colloidal metal-polymer systems was tested by the hydrogenation of cyclohexene as a model reaction. Most of the polymer-protected palladium nanoparticles were found to be catalytically active, and final conversions up to 100% were obtained in many cases.
Physiological response of the cornea to an artificial epithelium

The effect of epithelial removal and absence upon stromal hydration and thickness was studied in rabbits, cats, and humans. The epithelium was replaced with a methyl-methacrylate contact lens, affixed to the denuded stroma by cyanoacrylate adhesive. In rabbits, stromal thickness and hydration showed an increase from the day of lens application. After 20 days, the stromal sodium concentration remained unchanged, but potassium levels had decreased, supporting the histological observation of some degradation of anterior keratocytes. Cats tolerated the lens quite well, with normal stromal thickness being maintained as long as the seal around the lens was complete. Humans exhibited excellent tolerance to the procedure, with a stable stromal thickness being maintained for up to 6 months, to date. In view of the success in replacing the epithelial layer of the cornea with an intert impermeable barrier, such as a contact lens, it appears likely that the epithelium is not required, beyond its fluid barrier characteristics, to maintain normal thickness and hydration of the corneal stroma in cats and humans.
The Institutionalization of River Treaties

This article seeks to expand our understanding of why states use international institutions to manage transboundary rivers. Agreements governing the use and management of international rivers can contain a variety of different institutional features. We address the question of why riparian states choose to include or exclude these features from river treaties. Our explanation focuses on the problem of securing post-agreement compliance. Institutions perform a variety of functions that help states maintain cooperation over time. We analyze this explanation using a data set of river treaties formed between 1950 and 2002. We find that the institutionalization of river treaties is associated with water scarcity, the flow pattern of shared rivers, trade interdependence, and the level of economic development. These findings have important implications for the possibility that rivers will be a source of future conflicts.
Potential influence of land development patterns on regional climate: a summer case study in the Central Florida

Two land development scenarios based on the Central Florida Regional Growth Vision projection for 2050 were used to explore the developments’ potential influence on regional climate. One scenario is a widespread suburban land development plan, and the other is a higher density urban development plan, both for the same location in central Florida. A series of simulation experiments were conducted using a regional climate model upgraded for this study to include an urban scheme. Noticeable differences in simulated regional climate patterns were found between the land development scenarios, which could potentially influence population requirements for energy and water. In our simulations, the aggregated effect of land cover changes over large suburban areas produced a more intense heat island effect than that produced by high-density urban areas.
Microvasculature of the canine heart demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy.

In previous studies, a marked diminution in left coronary flow during systole has been demonstrated. This phenomenon has been said to result from capillary compression by the contraction of myocardium and perhaps also from active changes in the state of the smooth muscle in the wall of the coronary vessels. In order to determine the morphological factors involved in this occurrence, and to gain a three-dimensional concept of the myocardial microvasculature, casts were prepared by perfusion of the coronary arteries with methyl methacrylate. Because of the conditions of the perfusion, these casts were considered to demonstrate a state of muscular contraction. Following maceration, portions of the casts were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Arterioles of larger diameter were characterized by the helical configuration of the vascular replicas. Smaller vessels were categorized according to their directional pattern and their diameter. The arterioles gave rise to numerous large-diameter capillaries and also to short vessels that were guarded by sphincters. True capillaries, in some cases guarded by precapillary sphincters, were packed in densely stacked parallel sheets with numerous short anastomotic connections between them. Postcapillary venules were found to enter at regular intervals into larger venules arranged perpendicular to the capillary sheets. Most of these characteristics were found to be consistent throughout the microvasculature. These structural features were considered to be factors in the active regulation of blood flow through the myocardial microvasculature.
The aging Leydig cell: 2. Two distinct populations of Leydig cells and the possible site of defective steroidogenesis.

Abstract Using metrizamide gradient centrifugation two populations of Leydig cells were found in both 60–90 day-old and 24 month-old rats. Cells from both Band 2 (B2) and Band 3 (B3) responded to LH stimulation with increased cyclic AMP formation; however, only B3 cells produced significant amounts of testosterone. Cells from both B2 and B3 of the old rats synthesized less cyclic AMP and testosterone than cells from their younger counterparts. In response to LH stimulation, 0.01–1.0 mIU/ml, no appreciable difference of cyclic AMP formation could be detected between young and old Leydig cells. Maximal testosterone production occurred when 1 mIU/ml LH was used. Only when LH concentration was increased to 10 and 100 mIU/ml, did young Leydig cells produce significantly more cyclic AMP than old Leydig cells. After addition of 5 × 10−7M of pregnenolone or progesterone to the incubation medium, both young and old Leydig cells produced comparable amounts of testosterone. These results demonstrate no impairment of old rat Leydig cells to synthesize testosterone from pregnenolone and progesterone.
Metastable grain boundary segregation in copper containing tellurium

Evidence for metastable grain boundary segregation has been experimentally obtained in Cu alloyed with 25 to 100 ppm Te. The solution-treated material fractured in a ductile intergranular mode. After aging for a short time; i.e., one day at 540°C, the fracture is intergranular and is attributed to the observed intergranular segregation of Te. The magnitude of the tellurium segregation and its local nature are established using Auger electron spectroscopy. Further aging results in precipitation of a stable phase throughout the grains and grain boundary fracture no longer takes place.
Comparison of Effects of 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone and 1,5-Dihydroxyanthraquinone on Different Segments of Rabbit Gastrointestinal Tract

Using an isolated muscle bath technique, five different segments of the rabbit gastrointestinal tract (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and ascending and descending colon) were used to record the effects of two doses of 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone. Transducer-recorded tracings were made of contractions per minute, interval between contractions, and amplitude of contractions. The results were evaluated; statistical tests among comparisons of the three parameters between the two drug doses, control values, and previous values for 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone again indicated the parameter of interval between contractions to be a statistically significant measurement of activity. No statistically significant differences in effects were shown between the two drugs.
Theoretical analysis of heat and mass transfer to fluids flowing across a flat plate

Analytical solutions for heat and mass transfer to fluids flowing across an isothermal flat plate were obtained. Laminar, inviscid and irrotational flow were assumed in the solution of the energy equation. The derived new relations were comparable with the experimental data and the solutions of other investigators.
Usefulness of the distorted wave bound-state approximation in reaction theory

Abstract The bound state approximation (BSA) restricts the intermediate state propagation of a manybody system to specified two-cluster configurations. This approximation was tested recently by applying it to the calculation of the binding energy of the three-boson Amado model. The method was found to give poor results. We have tested the distorted wave BSA on the same model and found that the distortion can produce a great improvement.
Asymptotic Results for a Class of Arithmetical Functions.

In this paper, we obtain asymptotic formulae for the summatory functions of a class of arithmetical functions. These extend, and in certain cases refine, earlier results due toS. S. Pillai andH. G. Kopetzky.
Determination of the Unloading Boundary in Longitudinal Elastic-Plastic Stress Wave Propagation.

Abstract : For several types of excitation of one-dimensional elastic-plastic stress waves in a rod, unloading waves propagate which interact with the loading waves. The moving boundary at which this interaction occurs is the unloading boundary. A knowledge of the location of this boundary and the behavior exhibited on it is necessary for the solution of wave propagation problems of this kind. A technique is presented to obtain an arbitrary number of terms in series expressions describing the response in semi-infinite rods. Several examples, including finite mass impact of the rod, are given to illustrate the use of the technique. The technique will determine the initial portion of the boundary in a finite length rod. (Author)
Cardiac transplantation followed by dose-intensive melphalan and autologous stem-cell transplantation for light chain amyloidosis and heart failure.

Background Patients with AL amyloidosis who present with severe heart failure due to cardiac involvement rarely survive more than six months. Survival after cardiac transplantation is markedly reduced due to the progression of amyloidosis. Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has become a common therapy for AL amyloidosis, but there is an exceedingly high treatment-related mortality in patients with heart failure.
Isolation of α-Spinasteryl-d-Glucoside and α-Spinasterol from Alfalfa

α -Spinasteryl- d -glucoside was isolated from alfalfa and identified by infrared spectra and by identification of its products of hydrolysis. α -Spinasterol was isolated from the unsaponifiable fraction and palmitic acid from the saponifiable.
Contrasting neurovascular findings in chronic orthostatic intolerance and neurocardiogenic syncope

Simple faint (neurocardiogenic syncope) and postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) characterize acute and chronic orthostatic intolerance respectively. We explored the hypothesis that vascular function is similar in the two conditions. We studied 29 patients with POTS and compared them with 20 patients with neurocardiogenic syncope who were otherwise well, and with 15 healthy control subjects. We measured continuous heart rate, respiration and blood pressure, and used venous occlusion strain gauge plethysmography to measure calf and forearm blood flow, peripheral arterial resistance, peripheral venous resistance and venous pressure ( P (v)). Upright tilt was performed to 70 degrees for 10 min, during which calf blood flow and volume were measured. Calf P (v) was increased (to 27.2+/-2.0 mmHg) in a subgroup of POTS patients, who also had increased arterial resistance (57+/-6 mmHg.ml(-1).min(-1).100 ml(-1) tissue), increased venous resistance (2.4+/-0.3 mmHg.ml(-1).min(-1).100 ml(-1) tissue), and decreased peripheral flow (1.0+/-0.2 ml.min(-1).100 ml(-1) tissue) in the calf; other POTS patients with a normal P (v) had decreased arterial resistance (18+/-2 mmHg.ml(-1).min(-1).100 ml(-1) tissue) and increased blood flow (3.8+/-0.3 ml.min(-1).100 ml(-1) tissue). Syncope patients were not different from controls ( P (v)=11.4+/-0.5 mmHg; calf flow=3.1+/-0.2 ml.min(-1).100 ml(-1) tissue; arterial resistance=27+/-2 mmHg.ml(-1).min(-1).100 ml(-1) tissue; venous resistance=1.2+/-0.3 mmHg.ml(-1).min(-1).100 ml(-1) tissue). When upright, syncope patients and control subjects had similar increases in heart rate and calf volume, stable blood pressure, and decreases in blood flow. POTS patients had markedly increased heart rate and calf blood flow, unstable blood pressure, and pooling in the lower extremities, regardless of subgroup. We conclude that peripheral vascular physiology in patients with POTS is abnormal, in contrast with normal peripheral vascular physiology in neurocardiogenic syncope.
Temperature-sensitive developmental mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans☆

Abstract About 200 temperature-sensitive mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have been isolated. At restrictive temperature, the mutants are blocked in the reproductive life cycle. They have been placed into six broad categories based on their defective phenotypes. The six categories are: (1) mutants blocked in embryogenesis; (2) mutants defective in gonadogenesis; (3) mutants defective in spermatogenesis; (4) mutants that accumulate at an intermediate growth stage; (5) mutants that produce sterile adult progeny; (6) mutants that have a temperature-sensitive morphological defect that interrupts the reproductive life cycle. The critical times of temperature sensitivity have been measured using temperature-shift experiments. Most of the gonadogenesis and spermatogenesis mutants are temperature sensitive during the period of cellular differentiation rather than proliferation. The temperature responses of the gonadogenesis and zygote-defective mutants indicate a common association between functions in gonadogenesis and early embryogenesis. Many of the mutants placed in different categories share other temperature-sensitive phenotypes upon close examination. This implies that many of the functions required for development are general metabolic reactions under increased demand during differentiation and embryogenesis.
The surgical management of cataract: barriers, best practices and outcomes

Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in the world. Cataract surgery has been shown by multiple studies to be one of the most cost-effective health interventions, and leads to a dramatic increase in quality of life and productivity for many patients. Though there has been marked improvement in the last several decades, surgical delivery services in developing nations are still suboptimal, and a large backlog in cataract cases continues to grow. To decrease this backlog, barriers to surgery, such as direct and indirect patient costs, geographic access to surgical facilities and surgeons, cultural factors, and patient education, must be addressed. In particular, access to services by women and rural patients needs to be improved. It is clear that extracapsular techniques are cost-effective and lead to better post-operative outcomes than intracapsular cataract extraction with aphakic correction. In addition, monitoring surgical outcomes is essential for improving the quality of surgical services. However, other issues regarding the delivery of cataract surgical services, including the role of average power intraocular lenses and the role of non-physician surgeons, are yet unresolved. Information about the true cost of surgery, including costs of surgeon training, equipment, and patient outreach programs, is needed so that the goal of self-sustaining programs may be obtained.
Dicarboxylatodirhodium derivatives of polyoxotungstates

Abstract Salts of the new complexes [PW11O39{Rh2(O2CR)2}]5−; R = Prn (1), CH2Cl (2), CH2OH (3), o-C6H4OH (4), p-C6H4OH (5), and [XW11O39{Rh2(p-O2CC6H4OH)2}]6−; X = Si (6), Ge (7) have been prepared in good yield and characterized by elemental analysis, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, and structural crystallography of the cesium salts of anions 1 and 5 with chloride ions in axial positions of the dirhodium moiety. The incorporation of the dirhodium group into the Keggin structure significantly increases the hydrolytic kinetic stability of the polyoxotungstates at pH 7–8.5, a result that has implications for the use of such complexes for imaging and for phase determination in structural studies of large biomolecules. Based on NMR studies, the axial sites of the dirhodium moiety of the polytungstate anions are accessible to ligation by molecules such as cysteine, methionine, and isonicotinic acid.
Birth Order and Intellectual Development

A confluence model is developed that explains the effects of birth order and family size on intelligence. Intellectual development within the family context is conceived of as depending on the cumulative effects of the intellectual environment, which, for the purposes of the model, consist primarily of the siblings’ and parents’ intelligence. Mutual influences, through time, on the intellectual development of the siblings are described by the growth parameter a. The confluence model predicts positive as well as negative effects of birth order, a necessarily negative effect of family size, and a handicap for the last born and the only child. The model explains several features of a large birth order study carried out on nearly 400,000 19-year olds. A number of implications of the model are discussed, among them the effects of age separation between successive children. In agreement with the implications, data on the relatively low IQ of twins and triplets are cited. Extensions of the confluence model to other social processes are discussed. The confluence model is examined for its usefulness in explicating a general class of social-psychological problems: the emergence of individual differences in a social context.
Nasal lavage concentrations of free hemoglobin as a marker of microepistaxis during nasal provocation testing.

BACKGROUND The constituents of nasal mucus may be contaminated by plasma if there is epistaxis. Gross epistaxis is apparent as a red lavage fluid, while microepistaxis may yield a clear fluid. If gross or microepistaxis are present, it will be difficult to decide whether plasma protein concentrations are elevated because of plasma exudation or bleeding. In order to discriminate between these two possibilities, we measured erythrocyte-derived free hemoglobin (fHb) in nasal lavage fluids. METHODS Single-blinded subjects underwent standard hypertonic saline nasal provocation. Unilateral hypertonic nasal provocation was performed in normal, allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) subjects (total of 1316 specimens). fHb was measured using the Sigma-Aldrich kit (St. Louis, MO). Grossly bloody specimens were analyzed separately from the remainder. Statistical analysis defined the means and 95th percentiles for fHb and albumin in the nonbloody normal group. RESULTS fHb concentrations ranged from below the limits of detection ( 164 microg/ml fHb was 79.3 microg/ml +/- 4.7 (mean +/- SEM) in four normal, 31 AR and 25 NAR grossly bloody specimens. The 95th percentile of fHb in the nonbloody normal samples (n = 68 subjects, n = 681 specimens) was 16.5 microg/ml. This value was defined as the threshold to detect potential microepistaxis, and corresponded to approximately 245 000 erythrocytes per ml of lavage fluid. Total protein (P 16.5 microg/ml compared to those < or = 16.5 microg/ml. Elevations of fHb without changes in albumin were more prevalent in nonallergic rhinitis. CONCLUSIONS Significant bleeding into nasal lavage samples can contaminate the specimens and increase the concentrations of both fHb and plasma proteins. Increased albumin alone would indicate increased vascular permeability. The mechanism(s) leading to elevated fHb without increased plasma proteins require further investigation.
Reversal of tissue position after cell sorting.

Abstract In most tissue combinations which have been studied, cell sorting results in highly reproducible tissue patterns. In a given combination of two cell types, one cell type always occupies the perimeter of the aggregate and the other always occupies the interior. In some tissue combinations, however, position reversals have been observed to occur. The present study deals with position reversals in chick embryo heart-pigmented retinal epithelium and heart-limb bud mesenchyme tissue combinations. Evidence is presented which implies that this reversal of tissue position results from changes in cellular adhesiveness during cell culture.
Relative Rebel Strength and Power Sharing in Intrastate Conflicts

According to bargaining theory, one would expect that governments in intrastate conflicts will only be willing to concede to power sharing agreements when they face relatively strong rebel groups. Previous empirical studies have not found support for this hypothesis because they have not operationalized the capability of civil war combatants in relative terms. I show that once one uses a relative measure of capability, one finds that power sharing is more likely as the strength of a rebel group increases. Additionally, the analysis indicates that the relationship between rebel strength and power sharing is stronger for political power sharing than for territorial or military power sharing.
Genetic and evolutionary analysis of protein variation in eye lens nuclei of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii)

Abstract 1. 1. Electrophoretic patterns were prepared of protein extracted from the eye lens nuclei of two strains of rainbow trout and their cross. The strains had been isolated and inbred for 36 years. 2. 2. There was no variation among the patterns produced by each strain or the cross. This reflects genetic uniformity. 3. 3. However, there were pattern differences between the strains, and between each strain and the cross. These differences indicate evolutionary divergence of the strains. and the probability of a simple Mendelian mode of inheritance for the nuclear lens proteins.