cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The post-treatment resource program: Portrait of a program for cancer survivors

To meet the specialized needs of the growing population of individuals who have successfully completed their cancer treatment, a support program for cancer survivors was developed. The philosophy of the program reflects the belief that preparation and support for dealing with the challenges of cancer survivorship enhances quality of life. In keeping with this approach, the physical, psychological, insurance and employment issues experienced by many cancer survivors are addressed through educational, counseling and peer support services. Recommendations for implementing a post-treatment program are also described.
Observed Changes in First Metatarsal and Medial Cuneiform Positions after First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis

The first intermetatarsal angle (IMA) is known to decrease after first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis, although the exact mechanism by which this decrease occurs is not known. We measured the first IMA and obliquity of the medial cuneiform on anteroposterior weightbearing preoperative and postoperative radiographs in 86 feet and analyzed the statistical correlation between the IMA and the medial cuneiform angle. A change in the first IMA after first metatarsophalangeal joint fusion showed a strong positive correlation with a change in cuneiform obliquity (p < .0001). This finding was consistent in the direction and magnitude in each of 3 clinical subgroups: normal, p ¼ .087; moderate deformity, p ¼ .011; and severe deformity, p ¼ .10. A comparison of the preoperative IMA and cuneiform obliquity revealed a trend toward a positive relationship but did not reach statistical significance (p ¼ .08). The preoperative association between the IMA and medial cuneiform obliquity was not significant in any clinical subgroup, and the postoperative association between the IMA and cuneiform obliquity was not significant (p ¼ .65). Clinical subgroup analysis showed no significant association between the IMA and the normal (p ¼ .73) and moderately (p ¼ .69) deformed feet, although the postoperative association between the IMA and cuneiform obliquity in the severely deformed group was significantly (p ¼ .034) positive. A linear relationship between the reduction of the first IMA and medial cuneiform obliquity after metatarsophalangeal joint fusion was observed. Our findings suggest that frontal plane rotation influences cuneiform obliquity.
Drain Feedback - A Novel Feedback Technique for Low-Noise Cryogenic Preamplifiers

This paper describes a novel technique of charge restoration - the drain feedback, based on the characteristics of the gate-to-drain junction of the input FET. The restoration charge required at the input of the preamplifier is generated by impact ionization in high-field regions of the FET. Actually the feedback is obtained by regulating the drain voltage according to the input energy count-rate product and consequently adjusting the electric field for the necessary charge generation. In the first part of the paper the principles of impact ionization in semiconductors at cryogenic temperatures are outlined and applied to junction FET's (JFET's) under saturation conditions. Then, the properties of FET gate leakage current generated by impact ionization are analyzed. Finally, the continuous mode of operation of the new feedback method is presented, and results from its application in x-ray spectroscopy with silicon and germanium detectors are given. Superior noise and count-rate performance coupled with simplicity and reliability are the outstanding features of the drain feedback method. It is the first feedback method in which the cryogenic input stage comprises the detector and the FET without the parasitic increases of stray capacitance or light-induced leakage currents characteristic of the other resistorless configurations.
Simvastatin Reduces Fibrosis and Protects Against Muscle Weakness after Massive Rotator Cuff Tear

Background Chronic rotator cuff tears are a common source of shoulder pain and disability, and patients with chronic cuff tears often have substantial weakness, fibrosis, inflammation, and fat accumulation. Identifying therapies to prevent the development of these pathologic processes will likely have a positive impact on clinical outcomes. Simvastatin is a drug with demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects in many tissues but had not previously been studied in the context of rotator cuff tears. We hypothesized that after the induction of a massive supraspinatus tear, simvastatin would protect muscles from a loss of force production and fibrosis. Methods We measured changes in muscle fiber contractility, histology, and biochemical markers of fibrosis and fatty infiltration in rats that received a full-thickness supraspinatus tear and were treated with either carrier alone or simvastatin. Results Compared with vehicle-treated controls, simvastatin did not have an appreciable effect on muscle fiber size, but treatment did increase muscle fiber specific force by 20%. Simvastatin also reduced collagen accumulation by 50% but did not affect triglyceride content of muscles. Several favorable changes in the expression of genes and other markers of inflammation, fibrosis, and regeneration were also observed. Conclusions Simvastatin partially protected muscles from the weakness that occurs as a result of chronic rotator cuff tear. Fibrosis was also markedly reduced in simvastatin-treated animals. Whereas further studies are necessary, statin medication could potentially help improve outcomes for patients with rotator cuff tears.
STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION III. THE PRODUCTION OF PERSISTENT HYPERTENSION IN MONKEYS (MACAQUE) BY RENAL ISCHEMIA

Persistent elevation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure due to renal ischemia has been produced in monkeys (macaque) by the same method previously used for this purpose in dogs.
Testing branch-width

An integer-valued function f on the set 2^V of all subsets of a finite set V is a connectivity function if it satisfies the following conditions: (1) f(X)+f(Y)>=f(X@?Y)+f(X@?Y) for all subsets X, Y of V, (2) f(X)=f(V@?X) for all X@?V, and (3) f(@A)=0. Branch-width is defined for graphs, matroids, and more generally, connectivity functions. We show that for each constant k, there is a polynomial-time (in |V|) algorithm to decide whether the branch-width of a connectivity function f is at most k, if f is given by an oracle. This algorithm can be applied to branch-width, carving-width, and rank-width of graphs. In particular, we can recognize matroids M of branch-width at most k in polynomial (in |E(M)|) time if the matroid is given by an independence oracle.
Active optics operations at the Large Binocular Telescope

The Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) has three pairs of Active Optics (aO) systems used to collimate the telescope. We will describe the aO systems and their uses at the various focal stations, discuss their similarities and differences, and evaluate and compare their operational performances (i.e. with guide stars having different distances from the optical axis and guide stars of various brightness). We will also describe their performance with differing seeing conditions.
Time to recognise tones: Memory scanning or memory strength?

Three experiments measured the time to decide whether a probe tone was a member of a set of one to four remembered tones. Reaction time increased with the size of the remembered set, and in one experiment the functions were similar to functions that have been reported for recognition of verbal items. Positive reaction time was largely determined by recency of presentation of the probed item. Variables thought to influence memory strength of tones (interpolated noise, delay, and tone duration) proved to affect recognition reaction time. However, the positive relation found between error rate and error reaction time disconfirmed a prediction of memory strength models based upon the theory of signal detection. Possible memory strength and memory scanning theories were considered.
Reflections on the epidemiology of myxovirus infections.

In the last few years there has been an explosive increase in our knowledge of the molecular biology of myxoviruses. Some of this information has been used to formulate new hypotheses concerning the epidemiology of myxovirus infections. For acceptance, epidemiologic hypotheses, like others, must provide satisfactory explanations for all of the known findings not for just a convenient subset of them. The following mysteries present formidable challenges to current formulations.
Identification and characterization of the spiruchostatin biosynthetic gene cluster enable yield improvement by overexpressing a transcriptional activator

Spiruchostatins A and B are members of the FK228-family of natural products with potent histone deacetylase inhibitory activities and antineoplastic activities. However, their production in the wild-type strain of Pseudomonas sp. Q71576 is low. To improve the yield, the spiruchostatin biosynthetic gene cluster (spi) was first identified by rapid genome sequencing and characterized by genetic mutations. This spi gene cluster encodes a hybrid biosynthetic pathway similar to that encoded by the FK228 biosynthetic gene cluster (dep) in Chromobacterium violaceum No. 968. Each gene cluster contains a pathway regulatory gene (spiR vs. depR), but these two genes encode transcriptional activators of different classes. Overexpression of native spiR or heterologous depR in the wild-type strain of Pseudomonas sp. Q71576 resulted in 268 or 1,285 % increase of the combined titer of spiruchostatins A and B, respectively. RT-PCR analysis indicates that overexpression of heterologous depR upregulates the expression of native spiR.
The FBI and the farm equipment workers: FBI surveillance records as a source for CIO union history

(1986). The FBI and the farm equipment workers: FBI surveillance records as a source for CIO union history. Labor History: Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 485-505.
Thromboelastography: Current Applications, Future Directions

Analyzing coagulability often hinges on patient surveillance using prothrombin time (PT) or international normalized ratio (INR) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) to monitor the extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathways, respectively A more complete assessment, however, can often be obtained using thromboelastography (TEG), a coagulation assay that evaluates the efficiency of clot formation, as well as the viscoelastic properties of the clot. Developed by Dr. Helmut Hartert in 1948 at the University of Heidelberg, it provides information regarding hemostasis as a dynamic process [1,2]. Here, the TEG technique will be described, as well as its current applications and future directions for its use.
Application of adaptive technology to static aeroelastic control of wing structures

The static aeroelastic behavior of adaptive swept-forward wing structures modeled as thin-walled beams and incorporating piezoelectric effects is investigated. Based on the converse piezoelectric effect, the system of piezoelectric layers, embedded or bonded to the wing, yields control of both divergence instability and, in the subcritical speed range, of aeroelastic lift distribution.
Neural induction of taste buds

Bilateral innervation allows more than 80% of the 610 vallate taste buds to survive removal of one IXth nerve in adult rats. Removal of both IXth nerves in neonatal or adult rats results in the absence of taste buds. In studying development, we found that removing or crushing one IXth nerve in three-day-old neonates profoundly decreased the number of vallate taste buds that subsequently developed. Specifically, after removal of one IXth nerve at 3 days, only 228 taste buds formed, compared with 496 taste buds that one nerve would maintain in adults. Thus, during normal development, the right and left IXth nerves interact synergistically, as at least 150 more taste buds develop than predicted by the sum of the independent action of each IXth nerve. This suggests that vallate taste buds are induced by the IXth nerve. A second example of synergism, representing evidence for the neural induction of taste buds, came from experiments in which we crushed the left IXth nerve 3 days after birth and found that these regenerated IXth nerve axons induced 4 times as many taste buds in the presence of the normal right IXth nerve (118 taste buds) as in its early absence (30 taste buds). We conclude that taste buds are neurally induced and that axons of the IXth nerve interact synergistically in inducing them, rather than competing for targets. We propose that in development innervated progenitor cells form stem cells which lead to taste bud cells.
Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Health care providers and patients have lots of choice to treat type 2 diabetes, but the blood glucose improvement is limited. The one therapy with unlimited potential (at least theoretically) is insulin. Many studies show that glucose control is achievable with insulin safely in most patients with type 2 diabetes. Effective diabetes management at the primary care or specialty level requires a belief in the importance of insulin therapy in uncontrolled patients with type 2 diabetes. This review details the theories, observed outcomes, and how-tos regarding insulin use in type 2 diabetes.
Rethinking resource allocation in modern society: A meanings-based approach☆

Abstract The process of consumer resource allocation, which precedes choice behavior, is a relatively unexamined phenomenon. The contributions and the deficiencies of available resource allocation models are reviewed. Subsequently, a framework for examining the resource allocation process is developed, based on anthropologist Eric Wolfs peasant ‘funds’. The result is a typology which is meanings-based and which flexibly allows for differing manifestations of resource allocation, given the personal, social and contextual variables surrounding contemporary Western consumption.
Use of a proton precession magnetometer to detect buried drums in sandy soil

Abstract A commercially available proton precession magnetometer (PPM) was used to investigate the detection of containers buried in a prescribed manner at a si The results indicate that the PPM should be able to detect and delineate any typical dump site with predominantly steel (ferromagnetic) drums. In the u The ease of deployment combined with the reliability, sensitivity and cost-effectiveness makes the PPM surveying a very promising nondestructive testin
Africentric Cultural Values, Psychological Help-Seeking Attitudes, and Self-Concealment in African American College Students:

This study investigated the relationships among Africentric cultural values (i.e., the extent to which an individual adheres to a worldview emphasizing communalism, unity, harmony, spirituality, and authenticity), favorable psychological help-seeking attitudes, perceived counseling stigma, and selfconcealment (i.e., the tendency to withhold personal, sensitive information that is perceived as negative or upsetting) in a sample of African American college students. The authors found that for both African American women and men, higher degrees of Africentric cultural values were associated with greater perceived stigma about counseling and greater self-concealment. In addition, findings indicated that neither favorable psychological help-seeking attitudes nor perceived counseling stigma significantly mediated the relationship between Africentric cultural values and self-concealment behavior. Implication of the findings and future research directions are discussed.
Toward an ecological economics

Integrating ecology and economics is increasingly important as humanity's impact on the natural world increases. Current paradigms in both fields are too narrow (and seem to be getting narrower). This paper introduces and summarizes this special issue of Ecological Modeling devoted to ecological economics. There are eleven papers (including this one) that cover most of the important theoretical issues involved (applied papers are left for a future volume). These issues are: (1) sustainability; (2) inter- and intra-species distribution of wealth; (3) discounting and intergenerational justice; and (4) dealing with non-monetized values, imprecision, and incertainty. This collection is seen as a hopeful first step toward a true synthesis of ecology and economics that could lead to better management of renewable and non-renewable natural resources and a sustainable future.
Membrane differentiation and de novo synthesis of the (Na+ + K+)-activated adenosine triphosphatase during development of Artemia salina nauplii

Abstract The developing brine shrimp, Artemia salina, nauplius is explored as a new model for the study of the biogenesis of the cation transport enzyme, (Na+ + K+)-activated adenosine triphosphatase [(Na, K)-ATPase]. (Na, K)-ATPase activity develops from undetectable levels in preemergent cysts (embryos prior to 12 hr of development) to very high levels in the nauplius after 40 hr of incubation in sea water [Conte, F. P., Droukas, P. C., and Ewing, R. D. 1977) . J. Exp. Zool. 202, 339], then declines between 44 and 72 hr. Similar ontogenic patterns of enzyme activity development are observed for Mg-ATPase, 5′-nucleotidase, glucose-6-phosphatase, NADH oxidase (rotenone insensitive), and cytochrome oxidase. However, these enzymes show measurable activity in the early cyst stage, and the points at which the activity increases and then reaches a maximum are usually different from those of the (Na, K)-ATPase. These enzyme ontogeny studies demonstrate that membrane differentiation is extensive during the period in naupliar development when (Na, K)-ATPase activity appears, and that the appearance of specific enzymes is asynchronous during embryogenesis. Pulse-chase experiments with NaH14CO3 show an increase in the specific radioactivity of the partially purified (Na, K)-ATPase which is maximum when the label is administered at 12–18 hr after the initiation of development. At this time the specific radioactivity increases with purity of the enzyme, whereas in earlier pulse periods the specific radioactivity is higher in the more crude enzyme fractions, suggesting that preferential synthesis of the (Na, K)-ATPase occurs between 12 and 18 hr. Radioactivity is found in the subunits of the partially purified (Na, K)-ATPase isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and is maximum for the 12- to 18-hr pulse experiment. These pulse-chase experiments demonstrate that the large increase in (Na, K)-ATPase activity is due to de novo synthesis and establish that the brine shrimp is a workable new model for the study of the biogenesis of the (Na, K)-ATPase.
Multiplicity of hepatic cytochrome P-450 in intact microsomes: Effect of 3-methylcholanthrene induction

Abstract 1. 1. Pre-treatment of rats or mice with 3-methylcholanthrene results in a small increase in total hepatic cytochrome P-450 and a significant change in the spectral characteristics of the isolated microsomes. 2. 2. Subfractionation of the microsomes indicates that at least two different populations of cytochrome P-450 occur, each being characteristic of microsomes of different densities. These cytochrome P-450 fractions differ from those isolated from control or phenobarbital-treated animals.
Technology in computing education: yet another bandwagon?

The title of this talk was inspired by David Kay’s paper “Bandwagons Considered Harmful” in the December 1996 SIGCSE Bulletin [2]. In an email message to him, I stated that his was a paper that needed to be written at least every five years to remind us of the folly of rushing to adopt the latest fad (or application) in education. Two quotes from that paper that are especially relevant to today’s talk are “Innovations have the potential to do more harm than good” and “We must take great care that our enthusiasm for novel approaches not lead us to omit something vital”.
Non-Gaussian Noise Effects on Reliability of Multistable Systems

For certain types of compliant structures, the designer must consider limit states associated with the onset of fluidelastic instability. These limit states may include bifurcations from motion in a safe region of phase space to chaotic motion with exits (jumps) out of the safe region. In practice, such bifurcations occur in systems with noisy or stochastic excitations. For a wide class of dynamical systems, a fundamental connections between deterministic and stochastic chaos allows the application to stochastic systems of a necessary condition for the occurrence of chaos originally obtained by Melnikov for the deterministic case. The authors discuss the application of this condition to obtain probabilities that chaotic motions with jumps cannot occur in multistable systems excited by processes with tail-limited marginal distribution.
Bonding and thermal stability of implanted hydrogen in silicon

The behavior of implanted hydrogen in Si has been investigated by differential infrared transmittance measurements using multiple-internal-reflection (MIR) plates. Si-H bonding of implanted hydrogen is detected by seven absorption bands between 4.5 and 5.5 µm after implantation with 1016 H+/cm2 at ion energies between 70 and 400 keV. The absorption bands are close in frequency to those for SiH stretching modes for silane, and they are produced only by hydrogen implantation. Implantation with deuterium gave absorption bands shifted to lower frequencies in accord with the square root of the reduced mass ratio for Si-H relative to Si-D.
Structural specificity of progesterone for inhibiting cleavage of the rabbit egg in vitro

Abstract Rabbit eggs were cultured in medium containing one of eleven different progestins to determine whether any of these steroids have adverse effects on cleavage of mammalian ova similar to the inhibition caused by progesterone. Although minor structural and configurational modifications of the specific molecule caused cleavage to be retarded, only progesterone completely inhibited cleavage.
Sigma-models with torsion

Abstract Supersymmetric sigma-models including torsion are analyzed with the canonical formulation of the (0 + 1)-dimensional reduction being presented in both classical and quantized forms. The N = 1 model on a group manifold is used to illustrate this work. A N = 1 2 reduction of this example is introduced with a new 1-parameter family of supercharges. Connection is made between this latter model and Kac-Moody partition function identities.
Aspects of mineralization of the cuticle of the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda, Cambaridae)

In the freshwater crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852), histological cuticle sections treated with 1° antibodies to CA (carbonic anhydrase) stained more intensely along the matrix fibrils than controls exposed only to the 2° antibodies and to the phosphatase substrate. The poorly calcified and more flexible ventral abdominal cuticle only stained weakly. Mineralization was greatest in the strongly staining cuticle from the dorsal carapace (61%). In the weakly staining ventral abdominal cuticle mineralization was much less (4.5%). Magnesium and strontium carbonates were of little importance in mineralization. Dot blots of water soluble proteins extracted via EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid) and affinity chromatography from crayfish cuticles also responded positively to 1° antibodies to bovine RBC (red blood corpusle) CA. Chez l'ecrevisse Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852), des coupes histologiques de cuticule traitees avec un anticorps anti-anhydrase carbonique se colorent plus intensement le long de la matrice des fibrilles que chez les coupes temoins exposees seulement au 2eme anticorps et au substrat. La cuticule ventrale de l'abdomen, pauvrement calcifiee et plus flexible se colore seulement faiblement. La mineralisation est la plus importante au niveau de la carapace dorsale (61%). Au niveau de la cuticule ventrale abdominale faiblement coloree, la mineralisation est plus faible (4,5%). Les carbonates de magnesium et de strontium sont de faible importance dans la mineralisation. Les dots blots des proteines hydrosolubles extraites par l'EDTA et la chromatographie d'affinite de cuticules d'ecrevisses repondent aussi positivement a l'anticorps anti-CA d'erythrocyte bovin.
Retrospective Analysis of Cognitive and Affective Responses in Intercultural and Intracultural Conversations

We report a study that uses retrospective analysis to understand the relationships between American and Chinese participants' utterances during a conversation and the moment-by-moment feelings and reactions they subsequently described. Intercultural and intracultural pairs of Chinese and American participants talked about a fictional crime story and then individually watched and reflected on an audio-video recording of the interaction. We analyzed three types of utterances produced during the interactions: task-related utterances, relational utterances, and back channel responses. We found that American participants tended to increase their frequency of back channel responses when talking to a cross-culture partner, whereas Chinese participants did not. The number of back channel responses and task-related utterances produced by the partners were correlated with the participants' subsequent self-reported level of understanding, involvement, and negative emotions during their conversations. Our results con...
Writing on plaid paper

This paper concerns the adaptive coding of digital data transmissions in complicated interfering environments. The contribution made here is to extend the popular dirty paper concept to include interference environments that are only partially known in structure to the transmitter. The adaptations we describe happen at the PHY layer of a protocol stack, rather than the higher layer adaptations which dominate the literature.
Erratum to “Static and fatigue mechanical behaviour of bone cement with elevated barium sulfate content for treatment of vertebral compression fractures” [Biomaterials 26 (2005) 3699–3712]

Erratum to ‘‘Static and fatigue mechanical behaviour of bone cement with elevated barium sulfate content for treatment of vertebral compression fractures’’ [Biomaterials 26 (2005) 3699–3712] S.M. Kurtz , M.L. Villarraga, K. Zhao, A.A. Edidin Exponent, Inc., 3401 Market Street, Suite 300, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Exponent, Inc., 149 Commonwealth Drive, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA Kyphon Inc., 1221 Crossman Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA
Asiatic Acid Inhibits Pro-Angiogenic Effects of VEGF and Human Gliomas in Endothelial Cell Culture Models

Malignant gliomas are one of the most devastating and incurable tumors. Sustained excessive angiogenesis by glioma cells is the major reason for their uncontrolled growth and resistance toward conventional therapies resulting in high mortality. Therefore, targeting angiogenesis should be a logical strategy to prevent or control glioma cell growth. Earlier studies have shown that Asiatic Acid (AsA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, is effective against glioma and other cancer cells; however, its efficacy against angiogenesis remains unknown. In the present study, we examined the anti-angiogenic efficacy of AsA using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC). Our results showed that AsA (5–20 µM) inhibits HUVEC growth and induces apoptotic cell death by activating caspases (3 and 9) and modulating the expression of apoptosis regulators Bad, survivin and pAkt-ser473. Further, AsA showed a dose-dependent inhibition of HUVEC migration, invasion and capillary tube formation, and disintegrated preformed capillary network. AsA also inhibited the VEGF-stimulated growth and capillary tube formation by HUVEC and HBMEC. Next, we analyzed the angiogenic potential of conditioned media collected from human glioma LN18 and U87-MG cells treated with either DMSO (control conditioned media, CCM) or AsA 20 µM (AsA20 conditioned media, AsA20CM). CCM from glioma cells significantly enhanced the capillary tube formation in both HUVEC and HBMEC, while capillary tube formation in both endothelial cell lines was greatly compromised in the presence of AsA20CM. Consistent with these results, VEGF expression was lesser in AsA20CM compared to CCM, and indeed AsA strongly inhibited VEGF level (both cellular and secreted) in glioma cells. AsA also showed dose-dependent anti-angiogenic efficacy in Matrigel plug assay, and inhibited the glioma cells potential to attract HUVEC/HBMEC. Overall, the present study clearly showed the strong anti-angiogenic potential of AsA and suggests its usefulness against malignant gliomas.
Analyses of high resolution aerosol data from MODIS satellite: a MAIAC retrieval, southern New England, US.

Although ground-level PM2.5 monitoring sites provide accurate measurements, their spatial coverage within a given region is limited and thus often insufficient for exposure and epidemiological studies. Satellite data expand spatial coverage, enhancing our ability to estimate location- and/or subject-specific exposures to PM2.5. Recently, a new Multi- Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm was developed for MODIS which provides AOD at 1 km resolution. Using MAIAC data, the relationship between MAIAC AOD and PM2.5 as measured by the 27 EPA ground monitoring stations was investigated. These results were also compared to conventional MODIS 10 km AOD retrieval (MOD04) for the same days and locations. The coefficients of determination for MOD04 and for MAIAC are R2=0.45 and 0.50, respectively, suggesting that AOD is a reasonably good proxy for PM2.5 ground concentrations. Finally, we studied the relationship between PM2.5 and AOD at the intra-urban scale (≤10km) in Boston. The fine resolution results indicated spatial variability in particle concentration at a sub-10 kilometer scale.
969 PHYSIOLOGIC MODIFICATION OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY OF COMPLEMENT (APC) IN THE NEONATE: A POTENTIAL MECHANISM FOR DEFECTIVE OPSONIZATION

Under ordinary conditions, C3 and factor B interact constantly in order to generate C3b and prime the APC. This interaction is closely regulated by the activity of two other serum proteins, β1H and C3bINA. In the older child and adult, this regulation results in a serum ratio of C3 + B/β1H + C3bINA (determined by RID) which is surprisingly constant at 1.06 + 0.08 (mean + S.D.; n=153). In the newborn, serum levels of all 4 of these proteins are normally reduced. Despite this physiologic hypocomplementemia, umbilical cord blood shows a much higher ratio of these components with nearly 70% (n=200) of neonates being greater than 1.3. These data suggest that the activity of β1H and C3bINA in regulating the interaction of C3 and factor B is more potent in the newborn. Measurement of specific functional β1H activity revealed little difference between the adult and newborn in the number of β1H molecules required to inactivate 1 effective C3b molecule. By contrast, specific C3bINA functional assays demonstrate that the newborn requires 50-75% fewer C3bINA molecules than the adult in order to inactivate 1 effective C3b molecule. Thus, the neonate appears to have an altered form of C3bINA which is 2-3 times more potent than its adult counterpart. This altered molecule could allow for less C3b deposition on an offending agent and, therefore, less efficient opsonization.
Barriers to interconversion of nonequivalent methyl groups in tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene dibromide and two closely related molecules

Abstract Proton magnetic resonance spectra of tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene dibromide were studied as a function of temperature in dimethylsulfoxide- d 6 . The activation energy for interconversion of the nonequivalent methyl groups was 20.0 ± 0.3 kcal/mole and the free energy of activation was determined to be 19.2 kcal/mole. These data in conjunction with Huckel molecular orbital calculations were used to predict free energies of interconversion in the closely related tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene cation radical and in the neutral molecule of 14.2 and 9.3 kcal/mole, respectively. These predicted values are shown to be in reasonable agreement with available experimental data.
Systematic occurrence of a sclerotic hypodermis in roots of Araceae

A survey of the systematic occurrence of a sclerotic hypodermis was made in 91 genera and over 280 species of Araceae. The sclerotic hypodermis in roots consists of a cylinder inside the exodermis, one to five or more cells wide, with thickened, lignified cell walls. The cells are elongated, pitted, and often septate. A sclerotic hypodermis occurs in roots of only eight genera of Araceae, including Culcasia, Montrichardia, Cercestis, Rhektophyllum, Furtadoa, Homalomena, Philodendron, and Anubias. In Philodendron section Philodendron a sclerotic hypodermis is present in aerial and absent from subterranean roots. These results are consistent with other anatomical studies in supporting a transfer of Culcasia from Pothoideae, and Cercestis, Rhektophyllum, and Montrichardia from Lasioideae into an expanded Philodendroideae, as recently proposed by Grayum. Further, these and other anatomical results both provide support for a closer taxonomic association of Culcasia, Cercestis, Rhektophyllum, Philodendron, Montrichardia, Homalomena, Anubias, and Furtadoa than has previously been recognized.
Genetic studies on bacteriophage P1

Abstract Conditional lethal mutants that fall into 18 different cistrons have been defined, and the relative order of some of them has been established. Mutants affecting ability to lysogenize (clear mutants), including a virulent mutant, define five more cistrons. Unlike those of other temperate phages, the clear mutants of P1 do not map together in a small region.
Pharmacophore guided discovery of small-molecule human apurinic/ apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 inhibitors

Human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is an important enzyme in the base excision repair (BER) pathway that is essential for the repair of abasic sites in the genome. Evidence for APE1 as an attractive therapeutic target in anticancer drug development has been demonstrated by studies that link overexpression of APE1 in many cancers to resistance of tumor cells to radio- and chemotherapy. APE1 also shows a protective effect in several cancer cell models to a variety of DNA damaging agents. This study represents the first rational design of selective small-molecule APE1 inhibitors utilizing a three-dimensional interaction-based pharmacophore perception. All of our most potent molecules show inhibitory activity below 10 μM and are selective for APE1 inhibition.
Low-concentration oxygen depth profiling by the 16O(d, α)14N reaction

Abstract The 16O(d, α)14N nuclear reaction is used for depth profiling low levels of 16O by means of energy analysis of the omitted α-particles. The analytic method for converting the α-particle spectra to concentration vs depth profiles is presented, and the technique is applied to a variety of thin-film structures. Experimental methods for enhancing the depth resolution and sensitivity are discussed, and depth resolutions of 130 A and sensitivities of 0.3 at.% are demonstrated.
A measurement of the fast luminescent decays of the MV-50 LED.

The fast luminescent decay of the MV‐50 GaAs doped Si light emitting diode has been studied. The MV‐50 provides a fast, inexpensive, bright, and convenient light source for calibration of fast optical timing systems. A simple passive electronic module is described which allows driving the light source directly by a laboratory pulse generator.
On extending Fortran control structures to facilitate structured programming

A number of preprocessors and other extensions of Fortran have been implemented recently, aimed at adding "disciplined" control structures to the language. In spite of wide variations in the details of these dialects, many common features can be perceived. This paper attempts to identify these common features, and to draw some conclusions concerning their relation to a possible future widely acceptable structured Fortran language.Several different kinds of altarnative and lterative structures are described, along with some of the ways they have been implemented. The use of internal procedures for top-down refinement is noted. Few, of the dialects include a general multiple level exit, although in principle thls feature is needed for structured programming. Use of labels seems to be preferable to any alternative way of implementing, this feature in Fortran.Because of the importance of compatibility with existing programs, and for other reasons, it is unlikely that the GO TO staterent will disappear from Fortran in the forseeable future. However. with the addition of new control structures it should be possible to develop processors that warn againtst certain particularly awkward usages of GO TO statements.Further efforts are recommended, including continued support of the ANSI X3J3 Fortran standards committee, and the establishment of a separate group charged with oredicting trends and making timely recommendations for future extensions to the language.
Predicting Weight Status Stability and Change From Fifth Grade to Eighth Grade: The Significant Role of Adolescents' Social-Emotional Well-Being

Abstract Purpose The primary objective of this study was to predict weight status stability and change across the transition to adolescence using parent reports of child and household routines and teacher and child self-reports of social-emotional development. Methods Data were from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K), a nationally representative sample of children who entered kindergarten during 1998-1999 and were followed through eighth grade. At fifth grade, parents reported on child and household routines and the study child and his/her primary classroom teacher reported on the child's social-emotional functioning. At fifth and eighth grade, children were directly weighed and measured at school. Nine mutually-exclusive weight trajectory groups were created to capture stability or change in weight status from fifth to eighth grade: (1) stable obese (ObeSta); (2) obese to overweight (ObePos1); (3) obese to healthy (ObePos2); (4) stable overweight (OverSta); (5) overweight to healthy (OverPos); (6) overweight to obese (OverNeg); (7) stable healthy (HelSta); (8) healthy to overweight (HelNeg1); and (9) healthy to obese (HelNeg2). Results Except for breakfast consumption at home, school-provided lunches, nighttime sleep duration, household and child routines did not predict stability or change in weight status. Instead, weight status trajectory across the transition to adolescence was significantly predicted by measures of social-emotional functioning at fifth grade. Conclusions Assessing children's social-emotional well-being in addition to their lifestyle routines during the transition to adolescence is a noteworthy direction for adolescent obesity prevention and intervention.
Reanalysis of crystal warping in coastal Maine

Investigation of leveling-circuit misclosures indicates the presence of an unconnected systematic error in one of the critical surveys previously used to define rapid contemporary subsidence along the coast of Maine. Reanalysis of the leveling observations after removing the suspect survey continues to indicate subsidence of easternmost Maine relative to points farther inland; however, the average rate of subsidence is reduced from 9 mm/yr, reported by Anderson et al., to about 1–2 mm/yr. This rate is similar to that derived from the East-port, Maine, tide gauge, assuming a 1.0–1.5 mm/yr “eustatic” rise in sea level. In addition, a subsidence rate of 1–2 mm/yr is roughly consistent with longer term (a few thousand years) rates derived from glacial-marine deltas and from dated basal peats along the Maine coast.
Calculating the attentional orientation of an unfamiliar agent in infancy

Abstract By the end of the first year, infants are able to recognize both goal-directed and perceptually guided behavior in the actions of non-human agents, even faceless ones. How infants derive the relevant orientation of an unfamiliar agent in the absence of familiar markers such as eyes, ears, or face is unknown. The current studies tested the hypothesis that infants’ calculate an agent's “front” from the geometry of its behavior in the spatial environment. In the first study, 14–15-month-old infants observed a symmetrical, faceless agent either interact contingently with a confederate or act randomly. It then turn toward one of two target objects. Infants were more likely to look in the direction the agent turned than the opposite direction, but only in the contingent condition. In the second study, the location of the confederate and target objects was varied, which in turn influenced which end of the agent infants interpreted as the front. Finally, implications for infants’ early gaze-following behaviors with humans are tested and implications for theory of mind development more broadly are discussed.
Intrapopulation Variation in Egg Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition and Embryo Viability in a Naturally Spawning Walleye Population from an Inland Reservoir

Abstract The objective of the study was to evaluate the variation in embryo viability within a population of walleye Sander vitreus from an inland reservoir throughout the spawning season. Egg size, egg lipid content, and fatty acid composition were used as criteria to evaluate egg quality. Additionally, we sought to verify whether any particular size-class of females produces superior-quality eggs or whether the time of spawning (early, middle, or late) has an effect on egg quality. Seventy-seven ovulating walleye females (total length, 465–885 mm) were captured in Salt Fork Reservoir, Ohio, throughout the spawning season. Although egg diameter after water hardening varied among females (1.85–2.38 mm), egg size did not correlate with female length (P > 0.05). Average egg lipid content was 12.0 ± 1.3% (mean ± SD) of wet weight and was unrelated to egg diameter (P > 0.05). Neutral and phospholipid classes in eggs comprised 77.5 ± 4.7% and 22.5 ± 4.7% of total lipids, respectively. Egg diameter was not sign...
A review of tubal sterilization.

A legal, statistical and technical review of medical sterilization for women is presented. The technical section emphasizes the new laparoscopic technique. A discussion of hazards and failures concludes the review.
Activation of casein synthesis by prostaglandins plus spermidine in mammary gland explants of mice

Abstract Prostaglandins B2, E2 or F2α in combination with 0.5 mM spermidine stimulated casein synthesis in mouse mammary gland explants in a prolactin-like manner. Also, methyl GAG, an inhibitor of polyamine synthesis, abolished the stimulation of casein synthesis by prolactin but did not abolish the effect of spermidine plus a prostaglandin.
Asymptotics for L p extremal polynomials on the unit circle

Abstract Let p > 1, and dμ a positive finite Borel measure on the unit circle Γ: = {z ϵ C : ¦z¦ = 1} . Define the monic polynomial φn, p(z)=zn+…ϵPn >(the set of polynomials of degree at most n) satisfying ∫ Г |φ n, p (z)| p PϵPn-1 inf ∫ Г |z n + P| p dμ . Under certain conditions on dμ, the asymptotics of φn, p(z) for z outside, on, or inside Γ are obtained (cf. Theorems 2.2 and 2.4). Zero distributions of φn, p are also discussed (cf. Theorems 3.1 and 3.2).
1,3 Bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea-induced host resistance to syngeneic LSA mouse leukemia☆

Abstract A syngeneic tumor, the LSA lymphoma of C57BL mice, is considered non-antigenic or only weakly antigenic because no host reaction was elicited after repeated exposure of mice to killed tumor. However, easily detectable complete tumor resistance was elicited after 1 or 2 exposures to BCNU and tumor cure. Marked amplification of this host immunity in the BCNU treatment-cured mouse was shown by serial graded exposures to viable tumor grafts, and it was possible to establish virtually complete resistance to further tumor challenge by this method. A lymphoma spleen colony forming assay detected the antigenic properties of the LSA lymphoma in syngeneic C57BL mice. The host resistance state was easily prevented by sublethal irradiation of the mouse with 300 to 400 rad before tumor implantation. Once resistance was established, it was not altered by 450 rad of total body irradiation. These differences indicate a radiosensitive cell for the adaptive immune response and a less radiosensitive (and more complex) mechanism for the established tumor resistant state.
MAPP: the berkeley model and algorithm prototyping platform

We describe the Berkeley Model and Algorithm Prototyping Platform (MAPP), designed to facilitate experimentation with numerical algorithms and models. MAPP is written entirely in MATLAB and is available as open source under the GNU GPL.
Characterization of wollastonite-reinforced HAp--Ca polycarboxylate composites.

The effects of wollastonite on the mechanical properties and in vitro behavior of hydroxyapatite–Ca polyacrylate composites were studied. Powder mixtures of tetracalcium phosphate, poly(acrylic-co-itaconic), and wollastonite fibers (≤75% by weight) were hot-pressed for 30 min at 300°C and 60 kpsi. Tensile strengths, elastic moduli, and microstructures of the composites were investigated. The tensile strengths of these composites were improved by the addition of wollastonite fibers, whereas the elastic moduli decreased. The highest value of tensile strength (∼155 MPa) was achieved by the addition of 40% wollastonite. Composites were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for up to 14 days and then in 1.5 SBF for a week. The changes in the concentrations of Ca, Si, and P ions and the pH of these solutions indicate bioactivity. An evaluation of the microstructures of the composites after SBF immersion indicated that apatite layers had formed on the surfaces of the composites. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 55: 618–628, 2001
Establishing a Consistent Curriculum in a Distributed Campus Environment: Lessons Learned while Moving Towards Accreditation

We report on efforts to communicate and ensure a consistent curriculum in a distributed university setting for a school of business and technology. The school's programs and courses are delivered via 100+ physical campuses throughout the world. Many programs, including the largest, are also delivered via on-line distance learning. The paper examines issues and requirements about what information to communicate for each course and describes a system for communicating curriculum information in this diverse educational environment. The contribution of the new curriculum system in assessment and accreditation are discussed. Findings and recommendations are presented.
Interpersonal Postural Coordination on Rigid and Non-Rigid Surfaces

When two standing people converse with each other there is an increase in their shared postural activity, relative to conversation with different partners. We asked pairs of participants to converse with each other or with experimental confederates while standing on rigid and nonrigid surfaces. On the rigid surface, shared postural activity was greater when participants conversed with each other than when they conversed with confederates. In addition, the strength of interpersonal coupling increased across trials, but only when members of a dyad conversed with each other. On the nonrigid surface, postural sway variability increased, but we found no evidence that shared postural activity was different when participants conversed with each other, as opposed to conversing with confederates. We consider several possible interpretations of these results.
Selective turn-on fluorescent probes for imaging hydrogen sulfide in living cells

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important biological messenger but few biologically-compatible methods are available for its detection. Here we report two bright fluorescent probes that are selective for H2S over cysteine, glutathione and other reactive sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen species. Both probes are demonstrated to detect H2S in live cells.