cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The North American Fetal Therapy Network (NAFTNet): a new approach to collaborative research in fetal diagnosis and therapy.

Summary In August 2004, the National Institutes of Health organized a ‘Workshop on Fetal Therapy’ to develop a plan for the maternal–fetal, surgical, and neonatal evaluation and treatment of pregnancies that might benefit from in-utero therapy. At the completion of the workshop several recommendations were made, foremost of which was the ‘formation of a cooperative group of clinical investigators to help set a national agenda for research and clinical progress in the field of fetal therapy’. Somewhat by coincidence, a multidisciplinary ‘Fetal Therapy Working Group’ that had been formed earlier in the year was well-positioned to accept this national mandate and proposed development of a North American Fetal Therapy Network (NAFTNet) to foster collaborative research between active fetal diagnosis and treatment centers in both the USA and Canada, develop a peer review mechanism for study proposals, explore ways to centralize data collection and study development, and establish an educational agenda for medical professionals and the public as well as training of future leaders in the field. NAFTNet represents a new paradigm and approach to international collaborative research. Early success has resulted in the recognition of the power of collaborative research efforts in studying rare congenital anomalies and intervention strategies to improve outcomes and survivals in such limited populations. By abandoning ‘competitive research’ for a cooperative, collaborative environment of research partnership, NAFTNet strives to be more responsible and effective in using limited resources and improving care for pregnancies and children born with congenital anomalies.
Some observations on the adenine nucleotide levels of rat tissues stored at low temperature.

Abstract Evidence is presented which indicates that there is a significant breakdown of the adenine nucleotides of animal tissues which have been stored at low temperatures (−18 °C.) for periods of time ranging between 1 and 4 weeks. Rat brain and kidney appear to be most active in bringing about this effect, whereas liver and muscle are somewhat less active.
A survey of clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae using a series of DNA probes for aminoglycoside resistance genes

Abstract DNA probes specific for the aminoglycoside adenylytransferase ANT(2″), the aminoglycoside phosphotransferases APH(3′)-I and APH(3′)-II, and the aminoglycoside acetyltransferases AAC(3)-I, AAC(3)-V and AAC(6′)-I were used to screen 151 clinical isolates for the presence of these resistance determinants. The two most common resistance genes in the study isolates were those encoding ANT(2″) and APH(3′)-I. The phenotypic pattern aminoglycoside resistance, as determined by a modified disk diffusion test correlated well with the genotypes of the organisms as established using DNA probes, although strains carrying the ANT(2″) gene could express one of several phenotypes.
Yep! We're Grown-Up, Home-Schooled Kids--and We're Doing Just Fine, Thank You!.

A recurring criticism of home schooling is that students are deprived of the interaction necessary for optional social adjustment. Life-history interviews of adults who themselves were home-educated as children, however, fail to substantiate the criticism. To the contrary, the adults reflected positively on their home education and their present occupations. Spirituality and a sense of moral purpose were values shared by a many of the adults.
The impact of facilities on recruitment and retention of students

This chapter discusses an analysis performed on facility information and correlates the data to recruitment and retention of students. The chapter discusses how this information affects the decision-making process at higher education institutions.
Stress intensity factors of a radial crack in a compound disk

Abstract In this paper, stress distribution in a compound disk or compound cylinder, embedded an edge dislocation is determined through an exact formulation of the plane elasticity problem. The dislocation solution is then used as a Green's function to approach general compound disk crack problems. By superposition and integration of the dislocation solution, the stress intensity factors of the crack can be formulated in terms of a singular integral equation, and evaluated using a collocation technique accurately. As an example, numerical results of stress intensity factors for a radial crack in a compound disk subjected to uniform crack surface pressure are given. Effects of disk-annulus geometries and stiffness on the crack behavior are studied. Various special cases are also discussed and compared with existing solutions.
Alkyl and Hydrido Complexes of Platinum(IV) Supported by the Bis(8-quinolyl)methylsilyl Ligand

The Pt(II) complex (NSiN)PtCl (2; NSiN = bis(8-quinolyl)methylsilyl) was prepared from reaction of (COD)PtCl2, Qn2SiHMe (1) and excess NEt3 in dichloromethane. The X-ray structure of 2 confirms a square-planar geometry about platinum and a highly distorted tetrahedral geometry at Si. A series of thermally stable (NSiN)Pt(IV) compounds including (NSiN)PtH2(X) [X = Cl (5), OTf (10)] and (NSiN)PtMe2(X) [X = I (6), OTf (7)] were also synthesized. Five-coordinate Pt(IV) complexes of the type [(NSiN)PtR2][B(C6F5)4] (X = Me (9), H (11)] were generated by treatment of the corresponding triflato derivatives with 1 equiv of Li(Et2O)3[B(C6F5)4] in dichloromethane. A crystal structure of 9 reveals a square-pyramidal structure with an empty coordination site trans to silicon. Initial reactivity studies have shown that complex 9 is thermally and chemically robust.
Linguistic functions of head movements in the context of speech

Abstract Speaker head movements pattern predictably and have semantic, discourse, and communicative functions. Some head movements convey propositional content, while others carry semantic meanings beyond affirmation and negation. Side-to-side shakes correlate with expressions of inclusivity and intensification. Lateral movements also co-occur with uncertain statements and lexical repairs. In narration, head movements serve to locate referents in abstract space. A change in head posture marks switches between direct and indirect discourse, and speaker head nods function as backchannel requests to which listeners are extraordinarily sensitive. These findings are based on the microanalysis of videotaped conversations between native speakers of American English.
Heterogeneous acidic TiO2 nanoparticles for efficient conversion of biomass derived carbohydrates

Selective conversion of biomass derived carbohydrates into fine chemicals is of great significance for the replacement of petroleum feedstocks and the reduction of environmental impacts. Levulinic acid, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and their derivatives are recognized as important precursor candidates in a variety of different areas. In this study, the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity of acidic TiO2 nanoparticles in the conversion of biomass derived carbohydrates were explored. This catalyst was found to be highly effective for selective conversion to value-added products. The nanoparticles exhibited superior activity and selectivity towards methyl levulinate from fructose in comparison to current commercial catalysts. The conversion of fructose to methyl levulinate was achieved with 80% yield and high selectivity (up to 80%). Additionally, conversions of disaccharides and polysaccharides were studied. Further, the production of versatile valuable products such as levulinic esters, HMF, and HMF-derived ethers was demonstrated using the TiO2 nano-sized catalysts in different solvent systems.
Effect of acute increases in bone matrix degradation on circulating levels of bone‐gla protein

Serum bone Gla-protein (BGP), also called osteocalcin, is a specific and sensitive measure of bone turnover in a variety of metabolic bone disorders. Although some BGP diffuses into the circulation after synthesis by osteoblasts, most is incorporated into bone matrix where it remains until bone is resorbed. Thus, serum BGP could reflect bone formation, bone resorption, or a combination of both. The relationship of serum BGP to the components of bone turnover was evaluated in 18 normal women (mean age 48 yr; range 30-70) who received a continuous 24-h intravenous infusion of the 1-34 synthetic fragment of bovine parathyroid hormone. Mean +/- SE for urinary hydroxyproline excretion, an index of bone resorption, increased (from 22.7 +/- 2.2 to 38.5 +/- 3.7 micrograms/100 ml glomerular filtrate [GF], p less than .001), whereas levels of serum alkaline phosphatase, an index of bone formation, were unchanged (from 20 +/- 1 to 20 +/- 1 U/liter, NS). Despite the increase in bone resorption, levels of serum BGP decreased (from 8.8 +/- 0.8 to 6.8 ng/dl, p less than .001). The data suggest that circulating levels of BGP are a measure of bone formation but, at least in subjects with normal renal function, not a measure of bone resorption. Presumably BGP in bone matrix is degraded during osteoclastic resorption into fragments that either are not recognized by an antiserum raised against the native molecule or are rapidly cleared from the circulation.
Mammalian meiotic recombination: a reexamination.

Recombination nodules (RNs) are small electron-dense structures associated with the synaptonemal complex. Two types have been identified: early RNs present during zygonema-early pachynema, which are thought to be involved in gene conversion and synaptic initiation, and late RNs present during mid-to-late pachynema, which are thought to be involved in reciprocal recombination leading to chiasma formation. In organisms as diverse as Sodaria, Drosophila, and plants there is indeed a close correlation between the observed number of late RNs and crossovers, or their cytogenetic manifestation, chiasmata. However, as this reexamination of the human data shows, there is not a similar correlation in mammals. Instead, there is a severe deficiency in RNs in eutherian males and marsupial females near chromosome ends and other recombinational ‘hot spots’ (defined genetically), or ‘localized chiasmata’ (defined cytogenetically). Many of these sites of hyper-recombination correspond to sites of telomere or telomere-associated sequences. Together these observations suggest the possibility of a second, mechanistically different, recombination pathway that does not involve RNs, but may directly involve telomere or telomere-associated sequences. This pathway may be responsible for sex-specific hot-spots of recombination observed at highly localized sites throughout the genome.
Convolutional modeling of diffraction effects in pulse-echo ultrasound imaging

A model is presented for pulse-echo imaging of three-dimensional, linear, weakly-scattering continuum media by ultrasound array transducers. The model accounts for the diffracted fields of focused array subapertures in both transmit and receive modes, multiple transmit and receive focal zones, frequency-dependent attenuation, and aberration caused by mismatched medium and beamformer sound speeds. For a given medium reflectivity function, computation of a B-scan requires evaluation of a depth-dependent transmit/receive beam product, followed by two one-dimensional convolutions and a one-dimensional summation. Numerical results obtained using analytic expressions for transmit and receive beams agree favorably with measured B-scan images and speckle statistics.
An Asset Model: Preparing Preservice Teachers To Work With Children and Families “of Promise”

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the preparation of preservice teachers to work with children and families “of promise,” based on the perceptions and experiences of students in the course titled “Principles of Interprofessional Collaboration” and in field site experiences in family literacy programs. Data were gathered through: 1) pre/post, open-ended questionnaires completed by students enrolled in the course; 2) journals maintained weekly by students for reflection and dialogue about their readings and field experiences; and 3) a focus group, which met bimonthly. The research examined teacher educators' and students' changing perspectives. As a result of course content and field experiences at family literacy sites, students' views changed to a “family first” perspective, considering children and families to be “of promise” rather than “at risk.” Students also indicated they had gained confidence in their own ability to understand and work with children and families “of promise,” un...
Voluntary ethanol consumption differs in adolescent and adult male rats using a modified sucrose-fading paradigm.

Background: Initiation of alcohol consumption during adolescence is high, which usually begins with consumption of highly concentrated sweetened alcoholic beverages in adolescent humans. Enhanced voluntary ethanol (EtOH) intake has been observed previously in adolescent relative to adult rats under continuous access conditions using sweetened EtOH solutions. The present set of experiments investigated patterns of voluntary EtOH intake in adolescent and adult rats using sweetened EtOH solutions in a limited access paradigm. Methods: Rats were trained with modified sucrose-substitution protocols that ended at either 5% sucrose-20% EtOH (5S/20E) (Exp. 1) or 5% sucrose-10% EtOH (5S/10E) (Exp. 2). Results: Voluntary EtOH consumption differences between the 2 age groups were apparent at higher (i.e., 10 and 20%), but not lower (i.e., 2 and 5%) EtOH concentrations. Adolescent rats consumed more EtOH on a g/kg basis only at 20% EtOH (Exp. 1). Adolescent rats voluntarily consumed more EtOH than adults when maintained at 5S/10E (Exp. 2). To assess whether these age-related differences in voluntary EtOH intake were concentration dependent, rats were trained with 5S/20E and subsequently trained with decreasing EtOH concentrations (i.e., 5S/10E and 5S/5E). Adolescents consumed more EtOH when initially presented with the 5S/10E and 5S/20E EtOH concentrations, and subsequently at the lower 5S/5E EtOH concentration (Exp. 3). There were no differences in preference for the sucrose-only solution, however adolescents tended to consume more sucrose at the 5S sucrose concentration (Exp. 4). Given that adolescents consumed more EtOH at the 5S/10E and 5S/20E, but not at the 5S/5E EtOH concentrations, preference for sucrose does not solely explain the age differences in voluntary EtOH intake observed. Conclusions: Overall, results replicate previous work, demonstrating adolescent rats consume more EtOH relative to adults. However, the present results were observed using sweetened EtOH solutions in a limited access paradigm. The present modified sucrose-substitution paradigm may serve as a valid model of human adolescent drinking behavior.
Performance of institutionalized and community-active old persons on concrete and formal Piagetian tasks.

This study investigates the effects of age, level of education, and institutionalization on the development of logical thinking. Seven Piagetian tasks, encompassing three levels of difficulty, were administered to thirty-four persons sixty-eight years of age or older. A significant positive relationship was found between success on tasks and educational level. With education controlled, Community-active elders performed significantly better than Institutionalized elders. Within the limitations of a cross-sectional design, results supported the hypothesis that cognitive abilities in old age retain an orderly structure.
Effect of chronic food restriction in aging rats I. Liver subcellular membranes

Abstract To assess which membrane properties are modulated by the action of food restriction, characteristics of liver membrane structures of ad libitum-fed and food restricted Fischer 344 rats were anlyzed over a wide age range. The results show that the yields of mitochondrial and microsomal membranes decreased in ad libitum-fed rats, but this age-related loss did not occur in food restricted rats until 30 months. Changes in membrane fatty acid composition which occurred with age were substantially modified by food restriction. Linoleic acid content progressively decreased in the membranes of ad libitum-fed rats with a concomitant increase of docosapentaenoic acid while an opposite pattern of change occurred in food restricted rats. Furthermore, food restriction maintained a low docosahexaenoic acid level in microsomes at all ages studied. While serum tocopherol increased markedly with age, there was little change in membrane tocopherol content in ad libitum-fed rats.
Prospective Trial of High-Dose Reirradiation Using Daily Image Guidance With Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy for Recurrent and Second Primary Head-and-Neck Cancer

Purpose To report a single-institutional experience using intensity-modulated radiotherapy with daily image-guided radiotherapy for the reirradiation of recurrent and second cancers of the head and neck. Methods and Materials Twenty-one consecutive patients were prospectively treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy from February 2006 to March 2009 to a median dose of 66 Gy (range, 60–70 Gy). None of these patients received concurrent chemotherapy. Daily helical megavoltage CT scans were obtained before each fraction as part of an image-guided radiotherapy registration protocol for patient alignment. Results The 1- and 2-year estimates of in-field control were 72% and 65%, respectively. A total of 651 daily megavoltage CT scans were obtained. The mean systematic shift to account for interfraction motion was 1.38 ± 1.25 mm, 1.79 ± 1.45 mm, and 1.98 ± 1.75 mm for the medial–lateral, superior–inferior, and anterior–posterior directions, respectively. Pretreatment shifts of >3 mm occurred in 19% of setups in the medial–lateral, 27% in the superior–inferior, and 33% in the anterior–posterior directions, respectively. There were no treatment-related fatalities or hospitalizations. Complications included skin desquamation, odynophagia, otitis externa, keratitis, naso-lacrimal duct stenosis, and brachial plexopathy. Conclusions Intensity-modulated radiotherapy with daily image guidance results in effective disease control with relatively low morbidity and should be considered for selected patients with recurrent and second primary cancers of the head and neck.
Influence of Clastic Dikes on Vertical Migration of Contaminants at the Hanford Site

Clastic dikes are subvertical sedimentary features that cut through horizontally layered sediments, and they are common at the Hanford Site. Because of their cross-cutting relationship with the surrounding matrix, they have been proposed as potential fast paths from former contaminant discharge sites at the surface to the water table. However, little was known of the detailed hydrogeologic properties of the dikes and detailed modeling of flow and transport through the dikes had not been performed. We excavated a 2 m wide clastic dike at the Hanford Site and characterized it using an air minipermeameter, infrared imagery, and grain size analyses. Field injection experiments were also used to characterize the system. The resulting data were used to prepare a detailed numerical model of the clastic dike and surrounding matrix for a portion of the excavation. Unsaturated flow and transport through the system were modeled for several recharge rates. The highly heterogeneous nature of the system led to complex behavior, with the relative flux rates in the matrix and clastic dike being highly dependent on the recharge rates that were imposed on the system. The study suggests that the potential role of clastic dikes in vertical transport at the Hanford Site wouldmore » depend on the leakage rate, and that areas of contaminant deposition formed at high flow rates might become isolated at low flow rates, and vice-versa. The results may also help explain the occurrence of complex breakthrough patterns of contaminants at the water table.« less
Turning point in the design of linkage studies of schizophrenia.

Despite extensive genomic scans, linkage studies of multiplex pedigrees have been unable to produce replicable evidence of genes predisposing to schizophrenia. This indicates that it is unlikely that a single gene accounts for a majority of cases of schizophrenia, even in multiplex pedigrees. It is most likely that schizophrenia is caused by the nonlinear interaction of multiple genetic and environmental factors influencing brain development and function. This conclusion has strong implications for the design of linkage and association studies. Recently designed linkage studies involve several improvements to deal with extensive locus heterogeneity and multiplicative interaction. These improvements include much larger samples of pedigrees, systematic ascertainment and sequential extension rules, and standardized procedures at multiple sites to facilitate collaboration and replication. Future improvements are likely to require advances in the assessment of clinical and neurobiological variability in multiplex pedigrees, more systematic environmental assessment, and advances in analytic methods to deal with multiplicative interaction. Rather than focusing only on schizophrenia as one or more discrete disorders, future linkage efforts should also consider the etiology of individual clinical syndromes or dimensional components of risk that interact to cause the complex pattern of syndromal comorbidity observed within schizophrenics and their families. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Phase-Shifting Zernike Wavefront Sensor for the Palomar P3K Adaptive Optics System

A phase-shifting Zernike wavefront sensor has distinct advantages over other types of wavefront sensors. Chief among them are: 1) improved sensitivity to low-order aberrations and 2) efficient use of photons (hence reduced sensitivity to photon noise). We are in the process of deploying a phase-shifting Zernike wavefront sensor to be used with the realtime adaptive optics system for Palomar. Here we present the current state of the Zernike wavefront sensor to be integrated into the high-order adaptive optics system at Mount Palomar's Hale Telescope.
Aristotle and the tradition of rhetorical argumentation

The first part of this paper contends that argumentation is central and essential to Aristotle's Rhetoric, and recounts a number of arguments in support of that view, particularly the recognition that deliberative rhetoric or the rhetoric of counsel is the primary concern of Aristotle's work. The second part of the paper reviews the work that follows in this present volume to show that the other writers' views fit in perfectly with this thesis.
Elevated Eocene Atmospheric CO2 and Its Subsequent Decline

Quantification of the atmospheric concentration of CO2 ([CO2]atm) during warm periods of Earth's history is important because burning of fossil fuels may produce future [CO2]atm approaching 1000 parts per million by volume (ppm). The early Eocene (~56 to 49 million years ago) had the highest prolonged global temperatures of the past 65 million years. High Eocene [CO2]atm is established from sodium carbonate minerals formed in saline lakes and preserved in the Green River Formation, western United States. Coprecipitation of nahcolite (NaHCO3) and halite (NaCl) from surface waters in contact with the atmosphere indicates [CO2]atm > 1125 ppm (four times preindustrial concentrations), which confirms that high [CO2]atm coincided with Eocene warmth.
The death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus in medieval Christian anti-Muslim religious polemics

The focus of this article is on the treatment of the resurrection of Jesus in medieval Christian anti-Muslim polemical literature. It will also provide a glimpse of the Muslim perception of Jesus's resurrection or, actually, the ‘ascension’ of Jesus and the denial by Muslims of the resurrection of Jesus as Christians have understood it. The article will offer a brief review of the issue of the general resurrection of the dead and then focus on how the death and resurrection of Jesus are treated in the Qur'an. Especially important in this article is the presentation of Muslim belief with regard to the resurrection of Jesus in the thought of Pope Pius II, Nicholas of Cusa and Alonso de Espina, all significant Christian writers of the fifteenth century.
Recycling nanoparticles stabilized in water-in-CO2 microemulsions for catalytic hydrogenations.

Catalytic hydrogenations of olefins took place effectively in supercritical CO2 with Pd0 nanoparticles dispersed in the fluid phase using a water-in-CO2 microemulsion consisting of water, sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) as a surfactant, and 1-octanol as a cosolvent. The hydrogenated products dissolved in supercritical CO2 can be separated from the octanol solution containing AOT microemulsions with Pd0 nanoparticles by phase separation (upper phase, supercritical CO2 with hydrogenated products; lower phase, 1-octanol containing AOT microemulsions with Pd0 nanoparticles) accompanied by reduction of CO2 pressure. After collecting the hydrogenated products by flowing the upper CO2 phase to a collection vessel, the Pd0 nanoparticles remaining in the lower phase can be redispersed into supercritical CO2 by pressurizing the system to a pressure where a homogeneous phase is attained. The redispersed nanoparticles can be reused as catalysts for the next runs of the hydrogenations. Triphenylethylene ...
Persistence of PCB congeners in capacitor workers and yusho patients

Abstract The clearance rates of the major lower PCB congeners from the sera of a group of formerly PCB-exposed capacitor workers were estimated from levels measured 7.7 yr. apart, and compared with the corresponding rates reported for a group of yusho disease (chloracne) patients. It was found that the mono-ortho chlorinated congeners were cleared 3–7 times as fast in the yusho patients as in the capacitor workers, while the di-ortho chlorinated congeners were cleared 3–7 times more slowly. These alterations in the yusho patients' PCB metabolism were attributed to a PCDF-induced increase in the level of P-448 cytochromes and a corresponding depression in that of the ordinary (e.g., phenobarbital-induced) type of cytochrome P-450.
Pupil diameter measurements: untapped potential to enhance computer interaction for eye tracker users?

In this paper, we propose the possibility of using real-time pupil diameter measurements, which are provided by most Eye Gaze Tracking (EGT) systems utilized for computer input by many individuals with severe motor impairments, to obtain an on-line estimation of the quality of the interaction with the computer, as perceived by the user. Increased computational power available to process, in real-time, pupil diameter data could, in the future, enable an assessment of the level of frustration (stress) that an EGT user may experience when the quality of the interaction deteriorates. This would be a critical first step in the direction of enabling EGT systems to initiate a re-calibration process, under those circumstances.
Evaluation of phenolics and antioxidant activity of black sorghum hybrids

Black sorghums possess very high levels of the rare 3-deoxyanthocyanidins which can be used as natural food colorants with health benefits. However, these sorghum genotypes have undesirable agronomic properties (i.e. high height, low yield, increased weathering). Black sorghum hybrids with improved agronomic properties were developed and their phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity were compared with black sorghum lines. Black sorghum hybrids were significantly lighter in colour than the lines (P 0.05) and pericarp colour did not affect their levels (P > 0.05). Even though the 3-deoxyanthocyanidin levels were lower in black sorghum hybrids than in the lines, the presence of condensed tannins in the hybrids significantly increased their antioxidant activity. Since 3-deoxyanthocanidin levels were dependent on pericarp colour, hybrids with increased blackness intensity should be developed to increase the stable 3-deoxyanthocyanidins.
Characterization of tantalum silicide contacts on GaAs

TaSi2GaAs diodes were studied at different rates of deposition of tantalum silicide. A minimum ideality factor of 1.03 was observed at a deposition rate of 4 A s−1. At this rate the barrier height was determined to be 0.72 eV using the experimental value of the Richardson constant of 2 A cm−2 K−2. High temperature annealing of the contacts was performed in a heat pulse unit using the proximity technique. This technique eliminates the need for encapsulation of the semicondutor. The stability achieved by annealing at temperatures up to 900°C was excellent. An ideality factor of 1.08 and a barrier height of 0.70 eV were observed after annealing at 900°C for 10 s. The sputter etching did not change the electrical characteristics of contacts.
Effect of pitting corrosion on fatigue crack initiation and fatigue life

Abstract Fatigue crack initiation and growth from artificial pits of different depths has been studied. To analyze the experimental results a simple three-dimensional fracture-mechanical model has been developed. The model shows very good agreement with experiments including for small cracks, in describing the initiation and growth of a fatigue crack emanating from a pit and in predicting the dependence of reduction of fatigue life on pit size. Based on experimental data an empirical relation between the depth of the corrosion pit and the fatigue life has been established. Also, a microradiographic method for pitting corrosion depth determination has been described.
[Turn-over of carrier-free zirconium-89 in man].

IN the course of a survey of positron-emitting radioactive isotopes for potential use in external localization of human brain tumours1, zirconium-89 (half-life, 79 hr.) was studied. Positrons with a maximum energy of about 0.9 MeV. and gamma rays of 0.9 MeV. energy are emitted. Previous animal studies employing zirconium salt solutions in metal displacement therapy of radioactive plutonium poisoning indicated a rapid excretion of the zirconium in the urine2. However, other investigations in animals suggested that various zirconium salts, when injected intravenously, formed colloidal aggregates which differed in distribution according to their particle-size. The larger aggregates were not rapidly cleared from the blood3.
Assessment of long-term glycemia in type I diabetes using multiple blood glucose values stored in a memory-containing reflectometer.

Abstract The relationship between repetitive hemoglobin A 1 values and daily blood glucose tests performed by 20 insulin-dependent diabetic outpatients was assessed over a six-week period using a modified reflectance meter capable of storing blood glucose determinations automatically. An average of four and a half determinations per subject per day was recorded with a range of average blood glucose values between 82 ± 2 mg/dl and 316 ± 5 mg/dl (mean ± SE). The relationship between average blood glucose and hemoglobin A 1 values was significant when hemoglobin A 1 values at the end of the six-week period were correlated with the mean blood glucose level over that period (r = 0.55, p 1 value obtained at 10 weeks was used (r = 0.64, p 1 values covering two-week intervals were extremely poor in reflecting average glycemia. The average fasting blood glucose level in these subjects was highly correlated with the overall daily blood glucose values (r = 0.89, p 1 values over six weeks (10 ± 2 percent). It is concluded that labile blood glucose control in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes is accurately reflected by the average fasting blood glucose level, although multiple determinations must be employed. Satisfactory assessment may be made by use of hemoglobin A 1 value provided that the hemoglobin A 1 determination follows a sufficiently long period of time, presumably related to the turnover of glycosylated hemoglobin.
Melanopsin and its role in photophobia

Purpose Photosensitivity is common in patients known to have migraine headaches, in patients following traumatic brain injury, in patients with certain CNS pathology and in inflammatory disorders of the eye. However, it is a subjective complaint and difficult to substantiate and treat. Recently, we have taken advantage of a primitive reflex, the photic blink reflex, to objectively quantify the eye’s sensitivity to light. Methods Patients with light sensitivity and normal subjects were tested using red (640nm) and blue (485nm) Ganzfeld, full field light, one second in duration, over a 6 log unit range of intensity (0.5 log unit steps). Time-stamped, computerized recording of the orbicularis and procerus/corrugator muscle EMG were quantified using the maximum root mean squared (RMS). Results The photic blink reflex appeared to show similar response characteristics as the pupil light reflex, having both a transient response to photopic red and blue light and a sustained response to high intensity blue light. Patients with light sensitivity showed an exaggerated EMG response to light compared to normals. Conclusion The sustained EMG response to bright blue light provides evidence for a melanopsin mediated photic blink reflex. The photic blink reflex, as measured by the electromyogram, appears useful for quantifying light sensitivity and its response to treatment.
Shallow p-type source/drain extension formation using B 2 H 6 plasma doping for deep submicron CMOS

In this paper, we studied the feasibility of using a commercial etch chamber to perform plasma doping to form shallow p + -n junction. The plasma doping has the advantage of high wafer throughput compared to conventional low energy implanters. Ultra-shallow boron implantation was done in a plasma reactor with a Helicon plasma source and a gas mixture of He+B 2 H 6 . 0.18 micrometer class PMOS devices were fabricated using the plasma doping and compared with devices with a conventional BF 2 S/D extension implant (10 keV BF 2 implant, X j approximately equals 650 Angstrom). The key results are as follows. (1) Shallow boron implant with good process uniformity on a wafer was achieved using the plasma doping process. Boron dose of approximately 5E14 cm -2 and junction depth (X j ) of approximately 250 Angstrom was achieved after S/D annealing. (2) The pMOS devices fabricated using the plasma doping have much better short channel effect (SCE) characteristics than the devices fabricated with 10 keV BF 2 implant. The improvement of X j in the vertical direction of a transistor (from approximately 650 angstrom to approximately 220 angstrom) using the plasma doping resulted in an improvement of approximately 450 angstrom in the lateral direction shown in L g min . (3) Degradation in gate-depletion was observed for the plasma doping devices; however, the degradation can be recovered by using an extra gate implant step. (4) Compared to devices with the conventional implant, higher R sd was found in devices with the plasma doping process. This higher R sd for the B 2 H 6 cases was most likely due to the less gate-to-drain overlap and carbon/oxygen contaminants introduced during the plasma doping process. (5) Higher gate- edge diode leakage was also observed in the plasma doping devices. The high diode leakage was believed also due to the contaminants.
Anisotropic proton instability magnetospheric (APIM) HISS: An introduction

Plasmaspheric hiss is broadband ELF noise between 100 and 2000 Hz generally occurring inside the plasmasphere. It is proposed that some plasmaspheric ELF hiss is generated by ring current protons. The mechanism by which waves are generated is the anisotropic proton instability magnetospheric (APIM) hiss mechanism. APIM hiss (with a frequency close to the lower hybrid resonance frequency) is a loss-cone, flute instability arising from proton velocity space anisotropies. The energy driving the waves comes from the free energy of the 'inverted population' of the proton loss-cone distribution. The APIM hiss mechanism predicts the bandwidth, center frequency, source location, and wave normal angle of some types of plasmaspheric hiss. APIM hiss is suggested as a possible additional loss mechanism for ring current protons.
Glucocorticoids induce a G1/G0 cell cycle arrest of Con8 rat mammary tumor cells that is synchronously reversed by steroid withdrawal or addition of transforming growth factor-alpha.

Con8 mammary tumor cells are an epithelial cell line derived from the 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene-induced 13762NF rat mammary adenocarcinoma. The synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone suppresses the growth of Con8 cells, and after 5 days of treatment with this steroid, Con8 cells undergo less than 0.5 population doublings. This growth arrest is accompanied by a 30-fold elevation in c-jun transcript levels, no change in c-fos expression, and a moderate increase in total AP-1 transcriptional activity. Dexamethasone inhibited DNA synthesis within one cell cycle, and flow cytometry of propidium iodide-stained nuclei demonstrated that dexamethasone growth-suppressed cells had a DNA content indicative of a specific cell cycle block in either G1 or G0. Consistent with a G1/G0 arrest of the cell cycle, dexamethasone did not prevent Con8 cells from entering the S phase after release from synchronization at the G1/S boundary by a double thymidine block. Analysis of [3H]thymidine incorporation and autoradiog...
An Efficient Optimization Algorithm for Structured Sparse CCA, with Applications to eQTL Mapping

In this paper we develop an efficient optimization algorithm for solving canonical correlation analysis (CCA) with complex structured-sparsity-inducing penalties, including overlapping-group-lasso penalty and network-based fusion penalty. We apply the proposed algorithm to an important genome-wide association study problem, eQTL mapping. We show that, with the efficient optimization algorithm, one can easily incorporate rich structural information among genes into the sparse CCA framework, which improves the interpretability of the results obtained. Our optimization algorithm is based on a general excessive gap optimization framework and can scale up to millions of variables. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm on both simulated and real eQTL datasets.
A field comparison of two methods for the determination of copper complexation: Bacterial bioassay and fixed-potential amperometry

Hering, J.G., Sunda, W.G., Ferguson, R.L. and Morel, F.M.M., 1987. A field comparison of two methods for the determination of copper complexation: bacterial bioassay and fixed-potential amperometry. Mar. Chem., 20: 299-312. Complexation of copper added to seawater was determined by bacterial bioassay and fixedpotential amperometry. Consistent results were obtained by these two fundamentally different methods. The results of this study support the validity of both techniques and the field applicability of fixed-potential amperometry. The intercomparison studies were performed on samples collected at the N.Y.C. sewage sludge dumpsite and in relatively unpolluted coastal waters. In this limited study, the calculated free cupric ion concentrations at ambient total copper concentrations were similar at both sites.
Is Hospital Patient Care Becoming Safer? A Conversation With Lucian Leape

According to Lucian Leape, patient safety in hospitals is improving, and it is now possible to get to a level of zero defects. Growing recognition of the need for team training, use of trigger tools, improving the competency of physicians, and full disclosure and compensation to injured patients exemplify positive developments. Yet formidable barriers remain, including separatism in how doctors, nurses, and pharmacists learn; inadequate instruction in communication and team-building skills; poorly developed quality and safety curricula; lack of leadership among CEOs and hospital boards; physician apathy; absence of effective systems for accountability; and failure to believe in the possibility of eliminating medical errors and injuries.
An accurate timing model for fault simulation in MOS circuits

An accurate timing model is presented for MOS circuits, which is based on a multiple-valued logic representation, accurate RC models for delay calculations derived from transistor characteristics and slope information, and accurate models for physical failures. A delay fault simulator (FACT) based on this model has been implemented. Results for various MOS circuits are described and compared with those for SPICE and RSIM. >
A delay-reliability analysis for multihop underwater acoustic communication

This paper investigates the delay-reliability tradeoff for multihop underwater acoustic networks. The propagation med-ium of underwater acoustic channel exhibits distinct characteristics when contrasted with other common propagation media such as copper, fiber, and radio. In particular there are the extremely slow propagation speed of sound in water, high signal attenuation due to absorption, significant delay spreads and intersymbol interference, and range-dependent transmission bandwidth. These features make the delay-reliability tradeoff for underwater acoustic channels fundamentally different from other channels. The approach is based on error-exponents which enable a physical-layer comparison of multihopping versus no hops while considering the overall throughput. The analysis shows that for typical network parameters, increasing the number of hops dramatically improves both the achievable information rate and the achievable reliability function, which quantitatively captures the decay rate of the decoding error probability as the coding block length increases asymptotically. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the analysis.
Development of an intermediate course for applications programming

There was much to be learned from the development of ICAP-we learned to be a little more hesitant about taking on a task of that difficulty again.ICAP taught its developers a great deal, because ICAP is an unusual, perhaps unique course. The idea of ICAP originated during November, 1965, in the minds of a select group of members of the Selection, Evaluation, and Training (SET) Committee of GUIDE. Their original desire was to produce an advanced programming course, but as they discussed it they realized that a greater need existed for intermediate training in programming.
The potential role of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptors on inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis

Increasing attention has focused on the role of inflammation in various chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis. Recent compelling data have begun to unite work from various arenas, such as epidemiology and vascular biology, and even clinical trials to provide evidence for inflammation as a mechanism underlying cardiovascular disease. Inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis, progression, and complications of both atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus-2 complex disorders often found intertwined in patients. Although this story continues to evolve, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been implicated as a molecular pathway involved in both these disease processes. In vitro data, animal work, and some human studies suggest that synthetic PPAR agonists in clinical use, such as thiazolidinediones, may not only regulate metabolic processes but may also limit inflammatory responses, including some involved in atherosclerosis.
Culture of Stone: Sacred and Profane Uses of Stone among the Dani

Culture of Stone: Sacred and Profane Uses of Stone among the Dani. O. W. "Bud" Hampton. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1999.331 pp.
Curation and policy issues in collaborative research data management communities: Perspectives from key stakeholders

The explosion of scientific data in recent years has resulted in the need to compile, store and globally share this research information with the multi-disciplinary communities of science. This has resulted in research data management communities that are responsible for curating data within institutional repositories. This panel is sponsored by the SIG Scientific and Technical Information to initiate a discussion addressing data curation issues as they pertain to collaborative research data management communities within the current institutional research environment from the perspective of key stakeholders. The panel objective encompasses an examination of contemporary curation practices and data management policy issues that impact the initiation and implementation of research data management plans for scientific researchers. In addition it will explore the role that institutional repositories play in the extraction, preservation, and storage of research data while providing access to data sharing in the global scientific research communities. The panel will be comprised of key institutional stakeholders, which include university administrators, information professionals, and research scientists.
HMS challenger in the antarctic: pictures and photographs from 1874

Abstract HMS Challenger was probably the first official expedition to carry a photographer as well as an artist. A survey has been made of the illustrations and photographs made during their 3‐week voyage in polar waters during February‐March 1874. Documents from this period reveal the interest and excitement generated by ice. The eight existing photographs are the earliest known images of southern icebergs and some appear to have been used as the basis for later illustrations. The work of the official artist was supplemented by drawings and watercolours by several of the ship's officers and scientists, as well as a unique lower‐deck collection by a cooper. The fascination with ice is evident in all work, but both professional and amateur artists portrayed ice in a straightforward and realistic manner. A different approach has been identified in later work, produced at a distance. Although based on Challenger material, images were reworked so as to increase the dramatic effect and romanticize the illustra...
Rivalry in Price and Location by Differentiated Product Manufacturers

In this article, we estimate a model of strategic rivalry between food manufacturers in product design and pricing. We derive a spatial structural model in which food manufacturers jointly select prices and the optimal attribute composition of their product lines. We find that manufacturers have an incentive to locate yogurt products nearby others in attribute space and that products with the most similar attribute compositions enjoy the widest price-cost margins. Our findings explain the observation that most consumer package goods tend to be very similar, yet manufacturers appear to earn above-normal profits. Copyright 2013, Oxford University Press.
Exploring bag of words architectures in the facial expression domain

Automatic facial expression recognition (AFER) has undergone substantial advancement over the past two decades. This work explores the application of bag of words (BoW), a highly matured approach for object and scene recognition to AFER. We proceed by first highlighting the reasons that makes the task for BoW differ for AFER compared to object and scene recognition. We propose suitable extensions to BoW architecture for the AFER's task. These extensions are able to address some of the limitations of current state of the art appearance-based approaches to AFER. Our BoW architecture is based on the spatial pyramid framework, augmented by multiscale dense SIFT features, and a recently proposed approach for object classification: locality-constrained linear coding and max-pooling. Combining these, we are able to achieve a powerful facial representation that works well even with linear classifiers. We show that a well designed BoW architecture can provide a performance benefit for AFER, and elements of the proposed BoW architecture are empirically evaluated. The proposed BoW approach supersedes previous state of the art results by achieving an average recognition rate of 96% on AFER for two public datasets.