cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A CUTANEOUS REACTION IN SYPHILIS

1. I have proposed the name luetin for an emulsion or extract of pure cultures of Treponema pallidum which is designed to be employed for obtaining, in suitable cases, a specific cutaneous reaction that may become a valuable diagnostic sign in certain stages or forms of syphilitic infection. 2. The repeated inoculation of either living or killed pallida into the testicles of rabbits leads to a condition in which an intradermic injection of luetin is followed by a well marked inflammatory reaction. A corresponding reaction has been obtained neither in rabbits suffering from active syphilitic orchitis, nor in those in which the condition had been cured by the administration of salvarsan four months previously. Normal rabbits, likewise, do not react to the luetin. 3. The luetin produces a similar cutaneous reaction in syphilitic and parasyphilitic patients that is most constant and severe in the tertiary and hereditary affections. In my series of cases, it was present constantly (100 per cent.) in the manifest tertiary affection, in 94 per cent. of latent tertiary affection, and in 96 per cent. of the hereditary affection. 4. During the primary and secondary stages, the reaction is infrequent, and when present it is of mild degree. An exception has been found in cases in which energetic treatment has been or is being carried out and in which clinical signs of syphilis are absent. Such cases may show a severe reaction. Apparently this is true especially of the cases treated with salvarsan. 5. In certain cases of old infection in which no treatment has been taken and in which no symptoms have appeared for many years, and in the course of which miscarriages have not occurred, the cutaneous reaction has failed to appear. But, despite the absence of symptoms, mothers who have young syphilitic children have usually given the reaction. 6. It remains to be determined in how far the cutaneous reaction with luetin can be used to supplement the Wassermann reaction in determining the complete and permanent suppression of a syphilitic affection. 7. It appears probable that the Wassermann reaction is more constant in the primary and secondary, and the cutaneous reaction in the tertiary and latent forms of syphilis. Moreover, it appears that the Wassermann reaction is more directly and immediately affected by antisyphilitic treatment than is the cutaneous reaction. 8. A more active preparation of luetin can certainly be produced by improved methods. This phase of the subject is being considered at the present time and will be reported upon in a later paper.
Nonlinear transmission lines for pulse shaping in silicon

Nonlinear transmission lines (NLTL) are used for pulse shaping. We developed the theory of pulse propagation through the NLTL. The problem of a wide pulse degenerating into multiple pulses rather than a single pulse is solved by using a gradually scaled NLTL. We exploit certain favorable properties of accumulation-mode MOS varactors to design an NLTL that can simultaneously sharpen both rising and falling edges. There is a good agreement among the theory, simulations, and measurements.
Increased attraction to stranger through neutralization of negative interpersonal affect by repeated evaluation

The use of a first interpersonal attraction response to neutralize negative affect elicited by the stranger’s negative reinforcement of Ss was examined, using three groups. The group which gave two evaluations of the stranger (Group 3) gave significantly more positive second attraction responses than the two control groups: the control group (Group 1) with no time delay between receiving the stranger’s dissimilar attitudes and evaluating the stranger (p >.001), and the control group (Group 2) with the same time delay as the experimental group between receiving the stranger’s attitudes and evaluating the stranger (p >.01).
Infrared Techniques for Measuring Ocean Surface Processes

Ocean surface processes, and air–sea interaction in general, have recently received increased attention because it is now accepted that small-scale surface phenomena can play a crucial role in the air–sea fluxes of heat, mass, and momentum, with important implications for weather and climate studies. Yet, despite good progress in recent years, the air–sea interface and the adjacent atmospheric and marine boundary layers have proven to be difficult to measure in all but the most benign conditions. This has led to the need for novel measurement techniques to quantify processes of air–sea interaction. Here the authors present infrared techniques aimed at simultaneously studying multiple aspects of the air–sea interface and air–sea fluxes. The instrumentation was tested and deployed during several field experiments from Research Platform (R/P) FLIP and Scripps pier. It is shown that these techniques permit the detailed study of the ocean surface temperature and velocity fields. In particular, it is shown that cross-correlation techniques typically used in particle image velocimetry can be used to infer the ocean surface velocity field from passive infrared temperature images. In addition, when conditions make cross-correlation techniques less effective, an active infrared marking and tracking technique [which will be called thermal marker velocimetry (TMV)] can be successfully used to measure the surface velocity and its spatial and temporal derivatives. The thermal marker velocimetry technique also provides estimates of the heat transfer velocity and surface renewal frequencies. Finally, infrared altimetry is used to complement the temperature and kinematic data obtained from passive imagery and active marking. The data obtained during the testing and deployment of this instrumentation provide a novel description of the kinematics of the surface of the ocean.
Economic Impact of a Drug Information Service

OBJECTIVE:A cost-avoidance model was developed to determine potential cost savings or “avoidance” that results from a drug information service (DIS) responding to drug information requests.DESIGN:Patient-specific questions received by the DIS were reviewed and evaluated. A panel determined whether a drug misadventure event may have occurred if the DIS had not been consulted. Potential outcomes from drug information requests were classified using a decision-tree model. A severity rating was then attached to each applicable request to predict potential cost savings of the DIS.RESULTS:Seventy-seven of the 570 drug information responses received in the six-week study period had assessable potential cost savings to the institution. During the study interval, potential cost savings were estimated to be $195 000. Projected to one year, potential cost savings reached $1.7 million. Of the savings noted, most were attributable to prevention of increased monitoring or additional treatment. Using a sensitivity analys...
Self-healing key distribution with revocation

We address the problem of establishing a group key amongst a dynamic group of users over an unreliable, or lossy, network. We term our key distribution mechanisms self-healing because users are capable of recovering lost group keys on their own, without requesting additional transmissions from the group manager thus cutting back on network traffic, decreasing the load on the group manager and reducing the risk of user exposure through traffic analysis. A user must be a member both before and after the session in which a particular key is sent in order to be able to recover the key through self-healing. Binding the ability to recover keys to membership status enables the group manager to use short broadcasts to establish group keys, independent of the group size. In addition, the self-healing approach to key distribution is stateless, meaning that a group member who has been off-line for some time is able to recover new session keys immediately after coming back on-line.
The Firm as an Intrinsic Motivation Device

In this paper, we develop a new theory of the firm where the market is primarily an incentive system whereas the firm is an intrinsic motivation device. The firm is more efficient than the market when asset specificity and subjective risk are sufficiently high because it provides balanced incentives, fosters intrinsic motivation, and economizes on risk. An efficient firm is unambiguously the more ethical institution in the sense that the component of production effort due to intrinsic motivation and the agent's rents in exchange for commitment are higher. The exception is when the market approximates the first best.
And Now for Something Completely Different

Transitions are the bridges that connect sentences and paragraphs to one another. Coherent legal arguments hold together because they help the reader move from one point to the next and understand how each one fits into the whole. Transitions may be required at many levels: between sections of a brief or memorandum that each address a separate legal issue; between a statement of the legal rules pertaining to a particular issue and the application of those rules to the facts; within a single paragraph that addresses a narrow legal or factual question; and even between words or phrases within a sentence. This article discusses the role of transitions in legal writing and offers tips on making transitions effective.
Muscle, erythrocyte and plasma electrolytes and some other muscle constituents of rabbits with nutritional muscular dystrophy.

SummaryIn rabbits with nutritional muscular dystrophy as a result of feeding 3% cod liver oil together with dietary Vit. E deprivation, residual muscle was found to have lower potassium, magnesium, adenosine triphosphate and phosphorylcreatine levels than controls while levels of sodium, calcium and chloride were increased. Erythrocyte and plasma electrolytes did not differ significantly from controls. The dystrophic animals also had elevated levels of plasma aldolase and lactic dehydrogenase.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Homoleptic α-Metalated N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine Rare-Earth-Metal Complexes

A series of new homoleptic rare-earth-metal complexes was synthesized using salt metathesis reactions between LnCl3 and α-K(DMBA) (Ln = La (1), Ce (2), Pr (3), Nd (4), Sm (5), Gd (6), Y (7); DMBA =...
Emile Who and the Division of What

Durkheim believed division of labor could promote human fraternity, but today's world raises doubts. Has division of labor become more disintegrative than integrative? With 1,000 times as many occupations as in a preliterate tribe, industrial society has transcended limits of biological division of function by substituting sociocultural differentiation and technology for biological polymorphism and interspecific differences. But industrial-level division of functions entails four serious problems: abrogation of responsibility, vested interests, predatory relations, and creation of supernumeraries. Two kinds of study are urgently needed. We must map out the unbalancing operations that foster predation and, aided by synthesis of several traditions, investigate social psychological mechanisms that enable people to treat humans as means rather than ends.
Insecticide and structural modification strategies for management of oriental cockroach (Orthoptera: Blattidae) populations.

Four insecticide formulations and structural modification were evaluated for management of oriental cockroach, Blatta orientalis L., populations in apartment buildings. One perimeter and crawlspace application of either encapsulated chlorpyrifos or diazinon in early June reduced oriental cockroach populations by > 85% for 2 months. Oriental cockroach populations were reduced 78 and 50% 2 months after application of chlorpyrifos (Dursban 4E) or hydramethylnon (Combat) baits, respectively. Structural modification did not result in a significant reduction in oriental cockroach populations. Structural modification was labor-intensive, requiring >8-fold more hours of labor per building compared with insecticide applications.
A Contextual Analysis of Gender Disparity in Education in India: The Relative Effects of Son Preference, Women's Status, and Community:

Multi-level analyses of data on 18,519 families with opposite sex children from NFHS-3 are used to test the impact of maternal son preference and context on the gender differential in education in ...
Homochiral, Helical Coordination Complexes of Lanthanides(III) and Mixed-Metal Lanthanides(III): Impact of the 1,8-Naphthalimide Supramolecular Tecton on Structure, Magnetic Properties, and Luminescence

The reactions of the lithium salt of (S)-2-(1,8-naphthalimido)-3-hydroxypropanoate (Lser–), an enantiopure carboxylate ligand containing a 1,8-naphthalimide π···π stacking supramolecular tecton and an alcohol functional group, with La(NO3)3, Ce(NO3)3, SmCl3, Eu(NO3)3, Gd(NO3)3, Tb(NO3)3, and Dy(NO3)3 under solvothermal conditions (water/ethanol) produced single crystals (characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography) of [La3(Lser)8(OH)(H2O)]·(H2O,EtOH)x (1), [Ce3(Lser)8(OH)(H2O)]·(H2O,EtOH)x (2), [Sm3(Lser)8(OEt)]·(H2O,EtOH)x (3), [Eu3(Lser)8(OEt)]·(H2O,EtOH)x (4), [Gd3(Lser)8(OEt)]·(H2O,EtOH)x (5), [Tb3(Lser)8(OEt)]·(H2O,EtOH)x (6), and [Dy3(Lser)8(OEt)]·(H2O,EtOH)x (7), respectively. Mixed-metal complexes [Ce2.3Tb0.7(Lser)8(OH)]·(H2O,EtOH)x (8), [Gd0.4Tb2.6(Lser)8(OEt)]·(H2O,EtOH)x (9), and [Ce1.4Gd0.3Tb1.3(Lser)8(OH)]·(H2O,EtOH)x (10) were prepared by using two or more types of lanthanides in the solvothermal reactions (additional mixed-metal complexes were prepared and characterized by ICP-MS)...
Analysis of 325 Adverse Reaction Reports of Children

Objective To study the occurrence of children adverse drug reactions(ADR) in our hospital and its relevant factors in order to improve the rational drug use level in clinic. Methods 325 ADR cases collected in our hospital from 2010 to 2012 were categorized and statistically analyzed. Results Among 325 ADR cases, 230 cases(70.77%) were male, and only 95 cases(29.23%) were female. Most of the cases were induced by intravenous injection, accounting for 91.08%(296 cases). 156 cases(48.00%) were induced by 40 kinds of antimicrobials, which were the first category of drugs to cause ADR. The injury of skin and its appendants was the most common ADR, which occupied 77.41%. Conclusion The occurrence of ADR was related to many factors, such as administration routine and drug varieties. In order to reduce and avoid the occurrence of ADR, we should strengthen the monitoring and publicize ADR knowledge.
History as Echo: Entertainment Historiography from Shakespeare to HBO’s Game of Thrones

As twenty-first-century Western subjects, we live with history breathing down our necks. Traveling at light speed through numerous channels (24-hour news media, high-speed Internet, and numerous pervasive social media outlets), local and global events arrive for consumption almost coincident with their occurrence. Knowledge has become a commodity with a new luster, a sheen lent by information’s velocity or who is ‘in the know’ first — a superiority aptly demonstrated by the refrain found in AT&T’s 2011 ad campaign for their 4G smartphone: ‘that’s so twelve seconds ago.’ Quickly ingested and discarded, history moves closer and closer to experience itself, as, in the digital era, the present is always-already on the verge of the past.
The Influence of Scientists Who Cross the Line: The Clash between Personal Respoasibitity and Loyalty to the Regime

Chapter 3 discussed the influence of scientists within the arena of nuclear policy, the place where the theory of influence being advanced in this study would posit nuclear scientists to be most influential. It was demonstrated in Chapter 3 that the nuclear scientists who developed both the atomic and hydrogen bombs were showered with accolades and acquired great personal prestige. Chapter 4 will examine whether this prestige, based on their reputation as nuclear scientists, could be translated into influence in other policy arenas. In particular, this chapter will explore the efforts of scientists to use their reputation and prestige to influence the leadership on human rights issues and to increase the prestige of the scientific community within the Soviet Union. This chapter will attempt to discern where boundary lines can be drawn between permissible (loyal) speech and (dis-loyal) personal responsibility. Personal responsibility implies actions taken by a scientist that may go against the desires of the regime but are viewed as morally necessary by the individual.
New Tools and Risks in Financial Intermediation in Emerging Markets: Should Regulators and Raters Adopt New Methods? The Case of Asia

The Asia crisis has revealed a number of weaknesses in the supervision of financial institutions in Asia. Coincidentally, this has taken place at a time when supervisors in mature economies are confronted with new risks and are revising their approach.
A NEW SPECIES OF TOAD FROM THE RIFT VALLEY OF ETHIOPIA, WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THE OTHER SPECIES OF BUFO (AMPHIBIA ANURA BUFONIDAE) RECORDED FROM THIS COUNTRY

SUMMARY A new species, Bufo langanoensis, is described from Lake Langano in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia. The species is acoustically and morphologically rather similar to B. blanfordi Boulenger, 1882 and to an undescribed form (sp. A), and the three are believed to form a B. blanfordi species group within the B. regularis complex. B. langanoensis is known to be strictly sympatric only with B. regularis Reuss, 1834, although its ecological requirements seem to be similar to those of three other species which occur in Ethiopia (B. garmani Meek, 1897, B. xeros Tandy et al., 1976 and B. maculatus Hallowell, 1854). However, the new species differs acoustically and morphologically both from these species and from 20 other members of the genus Bufo with which it has been compared, including all those which are known to occur in Ethiopia. The most distinctive morphological features of B. langanoensis are the very full webbing between the toes, extensive development of spinules, rather obscure dorsal colour patter...
Signed algebraic level sets on NURBS surfaces and implicit Boolean compositions for isogeometric CAD–CAE integration ☆

Abstract Boundary-representation (B-rep) geometrical models, often mathematically represented using Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) surfaces, are the starting point for complex downstream product life-cycle evaluations including Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE). Boolean operations during B-rep model generation require surface intersection computations to describe the composed entity. However, for parametric NURBS surfaces, intersection operations are non-trivial and typically carried out numerically. The numerical intersection computations introduce challenges relating to the accuracy of the resulting representation, efficiency with which the computation is carried out, and robustness of the result to small variations in geometry. Often, for downstream CAE evaluations, an implicit, procedural knowledge of the Boolean operations between the composed objects that can resolve point containment queries (exact to the original NURBS bounding surfaces) maybe sufficient during quadrature. However, common point containment queries on B-rep models are numerical, iterative and relatively expensive. Thus, the first goal of the present paper is to describe a purely algebraic, and therefore non-iterative, approach to carrying out point containment queries on complex B-rep models built using low-degree NURBS surfaces. For CAE operations, the boundary representation of B-rep solids is, in general, not convenient and as a result, the B-rep model is converted to a meshed volumetric approximation. The major challenges to such a conversion include capturing the geometric features accurately when constructing the secondary (meshed) representation, apart from the efficiency of carrying out such a mesh generation step repeatedly as the geometric shape evolves. Thus, an ideal analysis procedure would operate directly on B-rep CAD models, without needing a secondary mesh, and would procedurally unify the geometric operations during CAD as well as CAE stages. Therefore, the second and broader goal of the present paper is to demonstrate CAD–CAE integration using signed algebraic level set operations directly on B-rep models by embedding or immersing the bounding surfaces within a discretized domain while preserving the geometric accuracy of the surfaces exact to the original NURBS representation during analysis.
Global increase in replication fork speed during a p57KIP2-regulated erythroid cell fate switch

Cell cycle regulators are increasingly implicated in cell fate decisions, such as the acquisition or loss of pluripotency and self-renewal potential. The cell cycle mechanisms that regulate these cell fate decisions are largely unknown. We studied an S phase-dependent cell fate switch, in which murine early erythroid progenitors transition in vivo from a self-renewal state into a phase of active erythroid gene transcription and concurrent maturational cell divisions. We found that progenitors are dependent on p57KIP2-mediated slowing of replication forks for self-renewal, a novel function for cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. The switch to differentiation entails rapid down-regulation of p57KIP2 with a consequent global increase in replication fork speed and an abruptly shorter S phase. Our work suggests that cell cycles with specialized global DNA replication dynamics are integral to the maintenance of specific cell states and to cell fate decisions.
Transoral robotic surgery vs. endoscopic partial midline glossectomy for obstructive sleep apnea.

Objective To compare sleep-related outcomes in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients following base of tongue resection via robotic surgery and endoscopic midline glossectomy. Methods This was a retrospective study. A total of 114 robotic and 37 endoscopic midline glossectomy surgeries were performed between July 2010 and April 2015 as part of single or multilevel surgery. Patients were excluded for indications other than sleep apnea or if complete sleep studies were not obtained. Thus, 45 robotic and 16 endoscopic surgeries were included in the analysis. Results In the robotic surgery group there were statistically significant improvements in AHI [(44.4 ± 22.6) events/h-(14.0 ± 3.0) events/h, P Conclusions Both robotic surgery and endoscopic techniques for tongue base reduction improve objective measures of sleep apnea. Greater success rates may be achieved with robotic surgery compared to traditional methods.
A Brucella Type IV Effector Targets the COG Tethering Complex to Remodel Host Secretory Traffic and Promote Intracellular Replication

Summary Many intracellular pathogens exploit host secretory trafficking to support their intracellular cycle, but knowledge of these pathogenic processes is limited. The bacterium Brucella abortus uses a type IV secretion system (VirB T4SS) to generate a replication-permissive Brucella -containing vacuole (rBCV) derived from the host ER, a process that requires host early secretory trafficking. Here we show that the VirB T4SS effector BspB contributes to rBCV biogenesis and Brucella replication by interacting with the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) tethering complex, a major coordinator of Golgi vesicular trafficking, thus remodeling Golgi membrane traffic and redirecting Golgi-derived vesicles to the BCV. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that Brucella modulates COG-dependent trafficking via delivery of a T4SS effector to promote rBCV biogenesis and intracellular proliferation, providing mechanistic insight into how bacterial exploitation of host secretory functions promotes pathogenesis.
A Continuous-Time MASH 1-1-1 Delta–Sigma Modulator With FIR DAC and Encoder-Embedded Loop-Unrolling Quantizer in 40-nm CMOS

This paper presents a continuous-time multistage noise-shaping (MASH) delta–sigma modulator (CT- $\Delta \Sigma \text{M}$ ) employing finite impulse response (FIR) digital-to-analog converters (DACs) and encoder-embedded loop-unrolling (EELU) quantizers. The proposed MASH 1-1-1 topology is a cascade of three single-loop first-order CT- $\Delta \Sigma \text{M}$ stages, each of which consists of an active $RC$ integrator, a current-steering DAC, and an EELU quantizer. An FIR filter in the main 1.5-bit DAC improves the modulator’s jitter sensitivity performance. FIR’s effect on the noise transfer function of the modulator is compensated in the digital domain, thanks to the MASH topology. Instead of employing a conventional analog direct feedback path for excess loop delay compensation, a 1.5-bit EELU quantizer based on multiplexing comparator outputs is proposed; this approach is suitable for high-speed operation. Fabricated in a 40-nm low-power CMOS technology, the modulator’s prototype achieves a 67.3 dB of signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio, 68 dB of signal-to-noise ratio, and 68.2 dB of dynamic range within 50.5 MHz of bandwidth, while consuming 19 mW of total power.
Comprehensive Genomic Profiling of Malignant Effusions in Patients with Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Cytology samples are increasingly used for comprehensive molecular testing. Although fine-needle aspirates are adequate substrates for high-throughput sequencing, the suitability of malignant body fluids remains largely unexplored. We investigated the adequacy and utility of performing targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) on malignant effusions from patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Thirty-two effusion samples submitted for hybrid capture–based NGS using a clinically validated solid tumor genotyping panel were examined. All cases showed ≥5% tumor cellularity; however, 28 (88%) provided sufficient DNA for NGS (≥1 ng/μL). The sequencing reads showed satisfactory quality control statistics, and the variant allele frequencies were correlated with tumor cellularity. Furthermore, pathogenic or likely pathogenic genomic alterations were identified in 26 of 28 samples (93%), whereas clinically actionable alterations were present in 18 (64%). Notably, nine patients had additional molecular testing performed on preceding or subsequent biopsy specimens, and the results across multiple samples were compared. In two patients, the NGS-based fluid analysis identified clinically actionable alterations that were not detected by other hotspot testing. In four patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, malignant fluid sequencing confirmed driver alterations from prior testing and revealed new resistance mechanisms. Hence, given adequate DNA input and tumor cellularity, comprehensive genomic profiling of malignant effusions may be used to establish mutational status at diagnosis and inform treatment resistance during targeted therapy.
Thermal Ablation of T1c Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Comparative Assessment of Technical Performance, Procedural Outcome, and Safety of Microwave Ablation, Radiofrequency Ablation, and Cryoablation.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate perioperative outcomes of thermal ablation with microwave (MW), radiofrequency (RF), and cryoablation for stage T1c renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of 384 patients (mean age, 71 y; range, 22–88 y) was performed between October 2006 and October 2016. Mean radius, exophytic/endophytic, nearness to collecting system or sinus, anterior/posterior, and location relative to polar lines; preoperative aspects and dimensions used for anatomic classification; and centrality index scores were 6.3, 7.9, and 2.7, respectively. Assessment of pre- and postablation serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate was performed to assess functional outcomes. Linear regression analyses were performed to compare sedation medication dosages among the three treatment cohorts. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to compare rates of residual disease and complications among treatment modalities. Results A total of 437 clinical stage T1N0M0 biopsy-proven RCCs measuring 1.2–6.9 cm were treated with computed tomography (CT)–guided MW ablation (n = 44; 10%), RF ablation (n = 347; 79%), or cryoablation (n = 46; 11%). There were no significant differences in patient demographic or tumor characteristics among cohorts. Complication rates and immediate renal function changes were similar among the three ablation modalities ( P = .46 and P = .08, respectively). MW ablation was associated with significantly decreased ablation time ( P P P Conclusions CT-guided percutaneous MW ablation is comparable to RF ablation or cryoablation for the treatment of stage T1N0M0 RCC with regard to treatment response and is associated with shorter treatment times and less sedation than RF ablation or cryoablation. In addition, the safety profile of CT-guided MW ablation is noninferior to those of RF ablation or cryoablation.
Three Interpretations of the Content of Jaspers’ Philosophical Faith

Philosophical faith traverses the divide between the transcendental understanding of phenomena and the unknowable dimensions of transcendent reality. Human beings are transformed through their free act of either accepting or rejecting the descent of Being into time as a lived faith and non-cognitive form of knowledge expressed in the cipher language of culture. The content of Jaspers’ philosophic faith is examined in three interpretations: Faith with belief, faith without belief, and faith beyond belief. The essay opts for philosophical faith as beyond belief. The basic argument is that such faith is neither knowable nor demonstrable. Revealed truth and dogmatic metaphysics excludes the relativity of existential historicity. In this manner, philosophic faith is grasped as “not a knowledge I have, but a certainty that guides me.”
A Descriptive Analysis of Long-Term Treatment with Adolescent-Aged Foster Youth

Foster youth experience a complex combination of psychological symptoms associated with the experience of abuse and/or neglect. Among adolescents, psychological challenges can be magnified by an increased likelihood of placement disruption once in foster care, longer stays in the system, and numerous barriers that impede access and use of mainstream psychological intervention. This manuscript relies on two studies to learn more about the experience of adolescent-aged foster youth who utilize long-term mental health services coordinated through A Home Within, a national nonprofit committed to reducing treatment barriers by asking licensed therapists to provide pro bono therapy "for as long as it takes." Study 1 evaluates 84 therapist interviews about client demographics, trauma history, and mental health symptoms in an effort to learn more about the concerns and experiences of adolescent-aged youth participating in treatment. Study 2 examines 30 pre/post interviews with therapists to understand outcomes associated with treatment completion, as well as to describe treatment practices. Findings support a need for continued investigation of long-term psychotherapeutic services with foster youth focused on the needs of youth accessing care and best treatment practices with this population of vulnerable youth.
Religion and Compulsive Sexuality: A Response to Efrati's (2019) God, I Can't Stop Thinking about Sex!

In a series of three samples, Efrati (2019) found that Jewish religious adolescents reported higher levels of compulsive sexual behavior as measured by the Individual-Based Compulsive Sexual Behavi...
Vibrio cholerae FeoB contains a dual nucleotide-specific NTPase domain essential for ferrous iron uptake.

The Feo ferrous iron transporter is widely distributed among bacteria and archaea, but its mechanism of transport has not been fully elucidated. In Vibrio cholerae, the transport system requires three proteins: the small cytosolic proteins FeoA and FeoC and a large cytoplasmic-membrane–associated protein FeoB, which has an N-terminal G-protein domain. We show that, in contrast to Escherichia coli FeoB, which is solely a GTPase, the V. cholerae and Helicobacter pylori FeoB proteins have both GTPase and ATPase activity. In V. cholerae, mutation of the G4 motif, responsible for hydrogen bonding with the guanine base, abolished the GTPase activity but not ATPase activity. The ATPase activity of the G4 motif mutants was sufficient for Feo function in the absence of GTPase. We show that the serine and asparagine residues in the G5 motif likely play a role in the ATPase activity, and substitution of these residues with those found in the corresponding positions in E. coli FeoB resulted in similar nucleotide hydrolysis activity in the E. coli protein. These results add significantly to our understanding of the NTPase domain of FeoB and its role in Feo function.
The role of elective neck dissection in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck

OBJECTIVE To investigate the frequency and outcomes of elective neck dissection (END) for adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the head and neck. METHODS The National Cancer Database was queried for a cohort study of patients with ACC of the major salivary glands, nasal cavity/nasopharynx, hard/soft palate, tongue, floor of mouth, larynx, and oral cavity who underwent primary surgical resection from 2004 to 2014. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of END and occult nodal metastasis. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and modeled with Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Among 2,807 patients with ACC treated surgically, 636 (22.7%) underwent END. Patients with ACC of the salivary glands and tongue most frequently underwent END; patients with hard/soft palate (odds ratio [OR] 0.06, P < 0.001) and nasal cavity/nasopharynx (OR 0.05, P < 0.001) ACC rarely underwent END compared to patients with major salivary gland cancer. Increasing tumor (T) stage (T4 vs. T1, OR 3.02, P < 0.001) was associated with END. Patients with advanced T3 to T4 ACC of the major salivary glands demonstrated extended OS associated with END (5-year OS 78.1% vs. 70.4%, P = 0.041) on Kaplan-Meier analysis and with END with adjuvant radiation therapy (hazard ratio 0.55, P = 0.027) using Cox proportional hazards regression. Elective neck dissection for T4 ACC of the salivary glands (21.3%) and tongue (25.5%) most consistently revealed occult nodal metastasis. CONCLUSION Elective neck dissection for ACC of the major salivary glands or tongue is most likely to reveal occult nodal metastasis. Elective neck dissection is associated with extended OS for advanced-stage ACC of the major salivary glands. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 129:2094-2104, 2019.
Electro-deposition for asphaltene removal during heavy oil upgrading

Blending crude oil with short-chain paraffins is a common method to improve the oil quality during heavy oil upgrading. The additional paraffins will cause precipitation of asphaltene that is removed by filtration or sedimentation; both processes are slow and inefficient. As a potential faster and more efficient removal method, an electric field can be applied in order to electro-deposit the asphaltene on the electrodes. Electro-deposition (E-D) experiments were conducted in a bench scale vessel while varying several process parameters such as the dilution ratio of paraffin to heavy oil, the paraffin used as the diluent, electric field strength, and the effect of resins on the E-D process. Increasing the dilution ratio resulted in more precipitated asphaltene and required a lower electric field strength for the E-D process. The electro-deposition process could affect the net charge of the asphaltene, and hence, both cathode and anode were closely observed: deposition onto the cathode was favored with higher dilution ratio and a lower electric field strength, while anode deposition occurred using a lower dilution ratio and higher electric field strength. This result is related to the higher resin content at low dilution ratio which adsorbs onto the asphaltene aggregate and shields or inhibits the effect of the electric field. To recover 1 kg of asphaltene, the energy input is estimated to be as low as 10 kJ. The process is relatively fast and requires low energy input, which can overcome the disadvantages of current filtration methods.
Strongly Stable Policies: The Act Method

Chapter 4 showed how to test algorithms for stability in the small and presented examples of stable and unstable (linear) algorithms. The chapter also discussed the monotonicity and reliability of linear order-based algorithms. However, it did not examine in detail the general (non-linear) case. To be useful, general policies should avoid negative orders, be reliable in the sense of (1.5), be strongly stable, and stay close to dynamic target inventory levels while tracking the customer demand. Designing useful policies is more an art than a science. In the next few sections we present the simplest policy we have been able to envision with all these properties.
Background image understanding and adaptive imaging for vehicle tracking

We describe our effort to create an imaging-based vehicle tracking system that uses the principles of dynamic data driven applications systems to observe, model, and collect new within a dynamic feedback loop. Several unique aspects of the system include tracking of user-defined vehicles, the use of an adaptive sensor that can change modality, and a reliance on background image understanding to improve tracking and minimize error. We describe the system and show results demonstrated within the DIRSIG image simulation model that show improved tracking results for the system.
The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Organ Injury Scale 2018 update for computed tomography-based grading of renal trauma: a primer for the emergency radiologist

The most widely used trauma injury grading system is the Organ Injury Scale (OIS) by the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST). The AAST OIS for renal trauma was revised in 2018 to reflect necessary updates based on decades of experience with computed tomography (CT)-based injury diagnosis and, specifically, to better incorporate vascular injuries, which were not comprehensively addressed in the original OIS. In this review article, we describe CT findings of the AAST OIS for the kidney according to the 2018 revision, with an emphasis on real-world application, and highlight important differences from the prior grading scheme. Routine use of this grading system allows for a standardized classification of the range of renal injuries to aid in management, adding value in the imaging care of trauma patients.
Large-area adlayer-free single-layer h-BN film achieved by controlling intercalation growth

Abstract Controllable wafer-scale growth is one of the ultimate goals in two-dimensional (2D) h-BN synthesis, which is not fully accomplished to date. One of critical issues is the formation of three-dimensional (3D) islands (adlayers) within 2D layers, thus the films are non-uniform in thickness. In this paper, we present a study of h-BN adlayer growth and provide a strategy towards eliminating these adlayers for the precise control of the number of 2D layers. By varying the growth parameters such as substrate property, nitrogen source composition, and substrate carburization time, we found that the adlayer growth can be controlled by controlling the nucleation and intercalation processes, which is achieved by engineering the defects and impurities on substrate and the activeness of the h-BN edges. While crystallographic defects and impurities stimulate the multilayer nucleation process, activated edge tends to turn off the intercalation process by reducing the probability of precursors penetrating into the interface. We have achieved the growth of a large-area adlayer-free single-layer h-BN film.
Decreased nest survival associated with low temperatures in a high-elevation population of Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus)

Mountain Plovers (Charadrius montanus) are migratory shorebirds of conservation concern that breed on grasslands and xeric tablelands scattered along the western edge of the Great Plains. Previous research from populations breeding on lower-elevation sites in Colorado and Montana suggests nest survival increases in cooler, drier environmental conditions. However, no studies have estimated Mountain Plover nest survival on high-elevation habitats, which have distinctively different climate and nesting phenology; therefore, it is unclear if these general trends hold true for the species as a whole or are regionally specific. In this study, we monitored nests of a population of Mountain Plovers breeding at high elevation in South Park, Colorado, to study influences on daily nest survival as compared to those found in literature from lower-elevation breeding sites. In contrast to studies on lower-elevation sites where daily maximum temperatures limited nest survival, we found daily minimum temperature best predicted variation in daily nest survival in South Park; survival odds declined with decreasing temperature. These results suggest that negative effects of extreme temperatures (hot or cold) may be generalities that exist between locales but are potentially mediated through different mechanisms at varying temporal scales. Although we cannot definitively conclude from our study why minimum temperature is associated with lower nest survival, we suggest alterations in incubation behavior may be a plausible mechanism that warrants future study. Overall, our study demonstrates the importance of considering differences between weather and phenology among breeding locations when estimating nest survival effects.
A Theoretical and Legal Challenge To Homeless Criminalization as Public Policy

You are homeless. All day you have looked for a place to sleep indoors for the night. Your search is urgent, for tonight will be bitterly cold. As the sun sets, the temperature falls into the single digits. Unfortunately, your city has no homeless shelters. As doors close, you head toward your hideaway, an abandoned apartment house with a side door that is usually unlocked. You do not go there every night-another homeless person might discover your secret and beat you to it on some freezing or snowy night. Instead, you save it for emergencies. Tonight you can either take shelter there or risk freezing to death. You enter the cold, empty building, cover yourself with newspapers and cardboard, and go to "bed." Although the abandoned building is not heated, at least you are not outside. The next morning you are awakened by a police officer, who promptly arrests you for trespassing. Your story is based on a true one. A few years ago, in Long Beach, New York, Benjamin Franklin Pierce was arrested the morning after he had spent the night in an abandoned apartment building. Pierce, a forty-four-year-old man, had been homeless for seven years and lived in a community that had no homeless shelters. He had sought shelter when the wind-chill-adjusted temperature dropped to twenty-four degrees below zero.1 Pierce's story is not unusual. Every year, police arrest men, women, and children who engage in activities necessary to preserve their lives.2 Increasingly, communities are using the criminal law to cleanse their streets of homeless survivors.3 These criminal law responses punish homeless offenders of certain
The evolution of early liver biopsy findings in babies with jaundice may delay the diagnosis and treatment of biliary atresia

Abstract Background The early diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) is associated with a better outcome after portoenterostomy. However, very early liver biopsy findings may appear atypical for BA and delay diagnosis. Repeat biopsy histology may change rapidly to show more typical features. Methods Between 1997 and 2018, 6 babies with jaundice had more than one biopsy to establish diagnosis. Clinical and histologic data were collected. chi-Square was used for analysis (p Results Five patients had two biopsies, and one had three. Median age at first, second, and third biopsy was 40 (13–57), 68.5 (35–78), and 133 days, respectively. Biopsy readings showed no portal edema initially (0/6), but in all 6 on repeat biopsy (p = 0.001). Bile duct proliferation was seen in 6/6 final biopsies, but in only 1/6 initially (p = 0.003). All patients underwent a portoenterostomy (median age 75 days (43–113)). Median delay between initial biopsy and Kasai was 29 days (14–67). Transplant free survival (n = 5 patients) ranged from 184 to 716 days (median 309 days). One patient died before being transplanted. Conclusion Early biopsies may not display characteristic findings of BA, but these can appear quickly on subsequent evaluation. The interval needed to repeat a biopsy may have an adverse effect on bile drainage. Level of Evidence IV
Autoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) after a silicone injection.

Autoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) corresponds to a spectrum of immune-mediated diseases triggered by chronic exposure to adjuvants which are substances meant to enhance antigen-specific immune response.[1][1] Silicone implants have been generally considered relatively
Mixed-strategy approach to band-edge analysis and modeling in semiconductors

In semiconductor physics, the Urbach rule describes an exponential dependence of the UV-Vis absorption coefficient on photon energy at the band edge. The rule is so ubiquitously applied that a single common mechanism, variability in the local potential, is generally considered to be the cause of exponential band edges. Variability in the local potential may be caused by alloy inhomogeneity, structural defects, impurities, thermal excitation, or any other mechanism that interrupts ideal crystallinity and creates disorder. A crucial point of the Urbach rule is its development for band edges which approach linearity when plotted on a logarithmic scale. The rule was not developed in the context of nonlinear band edges with complex fine structure. Even so, this model has been applied extensively to band edges with such features. Using differential analysis and deconvolution, we develop an analytical technique capable of separating the components responsible for the fine structure observed. This approach reduces challenging signal-artifact convolution problems to a simple linear combination. Furthermore, we develop a model that can be applied to the nonlinear band-edge signals extracted. We show that in the limiting case of linearity, our model is consistent with and produces the same results as the linear Urbach model. Our model is capable of bypassing ``tailing'' as an indirect measure of the spread in the local potential and gives a direct measure of this quantity.
Some state practice regarding trade with occupied territories : From the GATT to today

The practice of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Secretariat has always assumed that occupied territories could fall within the scope of the treaty. Territories included in the GATT included many whose sovereignty was disputed, and where the de facto power’s control was quite likely rooted in recent illegality. The practice of the GATT Secretariat has always assumed that occupied territories could fall within the scope of the treaty. Large-scale business activity by third-country firms in occupied territories is widespread, and involves some of Europe’s largest industrial, financial, and telecommunications companies. A significant and unexplored issue is business activity in economic territories by state companies. A far from exhaustive survey of business activity in occupied territories reveals significant involvement by European state companies, that is, private corporations in which a sovereign state has whole or controlling ownership.
A Statistical Treatment of Phasor Fields for a Partially-Coherent Optical Carrier

The Phasor field (P-field) integral has been shown to describe non-line-of-sight (NLoS) imaging completely for an incoherent underlying optical carrier due to aperture roughness [1-4]. We present a statistical treatment showing an introduction of a P- field noise term due to partially-coherent light and explain why experiments conducted by Liu, et.al., [5] have yielded excellent NLoS reconstructions.