cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THEORY OF THE EDGE STATES IN FRACTIONAL QUANTUM HALL EFFECTS

The dynamical theory of the edge excitations of generic fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states is summarized and expanded. The low energy effective theory of the edge excitations for the most general abelian FQH states (including spin-unpolarized and multi-layer FQH states) and some non-abelian FQH states is derived using several different methods. The propagators of the electrons and the quasiparticles are calculated for the above FQH states. The microscopic theory of the edge excitations for the Laughlin states is also presented. Some simple applications of the edge theory to the transport properties of the FQH states are discussed. In particular, the tunneling between edge states is shown to be a powerful tool to probe the internal topological orders in the FQH states. It can be used to distinguish different FQH states with the same filling fraction and to detect the non-abelian FQH states in experiments.
PARTICIPATION OF GENERAL PRACTITIONERS IN A REHABILITATION PROGRAM.

Abstract Following the establishment of an active physical medicine and rehabilitation program in 1955, only 102 of 346 general practitioners in Baltimore referred CVA patients during 1956–1961. While beginning slowly, more general practitioners began to participate in each successive year. More ‘participating’ physicians were recent graduates from medical school and belonged to national professional societies, and fewer were graduates from ‘School A’, one of Maryland's two medical schools. More participants were part-time members of hospital staffs, but this difference was not statistically significant; also, more non-participating physicians had offices in the middle income areas. The findings also confirmed that physicians referring two or more patients during this period selected more suitable cases for rehabilitation than those referred by less interested colleagues. Some explanations for the findings are discussed. Improved medical school teaching of rehabilitation would seem to be the long-term remedy; however, personal contact with colleagues who have had favorable experience with rehabilitation may more rapidly extend the immediate use of rehabilitation facilities. Organized ‘Shoptalk’ sessions are suggested as one of several possible ways to speed this process.
Performance model for joint tracking and ATR with HRR radar

Joint tracking and ATR with HRR radar is an important field of research in recent years. This paper addresses the issue of end-to-end performance modeling for HRR radar based joint tracking and ATR system under various operating conditions. To this end, an ATR system with peak location and amplitude as features is considered. A complete set of models are developed to capture the statistics in all stages of processing, including HRR signal, extracted features, Baysian classifier and tracker. In particular, we demonstrate that the effect of operating conditions on feature can be represented through a random variable with Log-normal distribution. Then, the result is extended to predicting the system performance under specified operating conditions. Although this paper is developed based on a type of ATR and tracking system, the result indicates the trend of the performance for general joint ATR and tracking system over operating conditions. It also provides guidance to how the empirical performance model of a general joint tracking and ATR system shall be constructed.
Hypersonic Aerospace Sizing Analysis for the Preliminary Design of Aerospace Vehicles

A review of the hypersonic literature indicated that a general weight and sizing analysis was not available for hypersonic orbital, transport, and fighter vehicles. The objective here is to develop such a method for the preliminary design of aerospace vehicles. This report describes the developed methodology and provides examples to illustrate the model, entitled the Hypersonic Aerospace Sizing Analysis (HASA). It can be used to predict the size and weight of hypersonic single-stage and two-stage-to-orbit vehicles and transports, and is also relevant for supersonic transports. HASA is a sizing analysis that determines vehicle length and volume, consistent with body, fuel, structural, and payload weights. The vehicle component weights are obtained from statistical equations for the body, wing, tail, thermal protection system, landing gear, thrust structure, engine, fuel tank, hydraulic system, avionics, electral system, equipment payload, and propellant. Sample size and weight predictions are given for the Space Shuttle orbiter and other proposed vehicles, including four hypersonic transports, a Mach 6 fighter, a supersonic transport (SST), a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle, a two-stage Space Shuttle with a booster and an orbiter, and two methane-fueled vehicles.
Market Structure and Pricing Behaviour in Austrian Manufacturing

The paper provides a formal model of price rigidities which is consistent with the observed difference in pricing across industries. The empirical test for a sample of Austrian manufacturing industries confirms the derived propositions. Concentration, inventoriability, export orientation, and disparities in firm size do not influence the price level directly but are shown to have an impact on the sensitivity of prices to demand and cost changes. Cost (demand) changes are less (more) fully transmitted into prices in concentrated industries.
Personality and interpersonal conflict management

Abstract This study addressed the extent to which personality factors are related to responses to interpersonal conflict. Two issues were examined: (a) the relationship between personality measures and conflict styles and (b) the consistency of conflict response style across targets. One hundred and fifty-three college students evaluated five different conflict responses as to the frequency with which they used them in interaction with a professor, a parent, and a friend. They also completed the Personality Research Form, a measure of a variety of personality needs. Some of the conflict responses were related to personality needs. Achievement, nurturance, endurance, and social desirability related to an integrating conflict response; dominance and understanding related to dominating. In general, the results of this study point to the importance of both personality and situational (i.e. target) factors in understanding responses to interpersonal conflict. However, because personality factors were not related to all of the conflict responses and because there was some inconsistency in personality/conflict relationships across target, these results suggest that a personality or individual difference approach to the study of interpersonal conflict management may be too restricted.
Vanadium in whole human enamel and its relationship to dental caries.

Abstract One hundred and forty samples of sound human enamel were analysed for vanadium by the method of spark source mass spectrometry. Enamel samples were from caries-free premolars derived from individuals less than 20 years of age and life-long residents of 50 widely varying communities of the U.S.A. Mean concentration of vanadium was 0.036 ppm (S.D. ± 0.037). No relationship was found between vanadium concentration of enamel and geographic origin or high and low caries areas.
Results and Interpretation of the WFRD ELS Distillation Down-Select Test Data

Testing of the Wiped-film Rotating-disk (WFRD) evaporator was conducted in support of the Exploration Life Support Distillation Down-Select Test. The WFRD was constructed at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) and tested at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). The WFRD was delivered to MSFC in September 2009, and testing of solution #1 and solution #2 immediately following. Solution #1 was composed of humidity condensate and urine, including flush water and pretreatment chemicals. Solution #2 was composed of hygiene water, humidity condensate, and urine, including flush water and pretreatment chemicals. During the testing, the operational parameters of the WFRD were recorded and samples of the feed, brine, and product were collected and analyzed. The steady-state results of processing 414L of feed solution #1 and 1283L of feed solution #2 demonstrated that running the WFRD at a brine temperature of 50 C gave an average production rate of 16.7 L/hr. The specific energy consumption was 80.5W-hr/L. Data Analysis shows that the water recovery rates were 94% and 91%, respectively. The total mass of the WFRD as delivered to MSFC was 300 Kg. The volume of the tests stand rack was 1m width x 0.7m depth x 1.9m height or 1.5 cu m of which about half of the total volume is occupied by equipment. Chemical analysis of the distillate showed an average TOC of 20ppm, a pH of 3.5, and a conductivity of 98 mho/cm. The conductivity of the distillate, compared to the feed, decreased by 98.9%., the total ion concentration decreased by 99.6%, the total organics decreased 98.6%, and the metals were at or below detection limits
Structure of a prasinoxanthin-chlorophyll ab light-harvesting complex of the green flagellate Pseudoscourfieldia marina (Micromonadophyceae)

Abstract A light-harvesting complex was isolated from thylakoid membranes of the marine green flagellate Pseudoscourfieldia marina by sucrose density gradient centrifugation in the presence of the detergent n-dodecyl β- d -maltoside, followed by DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that the complex was intact and capable of transferring energy from accessory pigments to chlorophyll a. The light-harvesting complex contained one major and two minor polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 24 kDa, 26 kDa and 23 kDa, and the pigments chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, prasinoxanthin, neoxanthin, magnesium 2,4-divinyl phaeoporphyrin a5 monomethyl ester and one unknown carotenoid. Protein and pigment quantification indicated that one polypeptide is complexed with about 2.7 chlorophyll b, 1.8 chlorophyll a, 1.6 prasinoxanthin, 0.7 neoxanthin, 0.5 magnesium 2,4-divinyl phaeoporphyrin a5 monomethyl ester and 0.2 unknown carotenoid. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that the polypeptides of the light-harvesting complex of P. marina are structurally similar to those of Mantoniella gilva and other members of the Mamiellales, all of which possess the pigments prasinoxanthin and magnesium 2,4-divinyl phaeoporphyrin a5 monomethyl ester.
Language and nationalism in Carinthia. Germans, Slovenes and the Austrian nation

L'A. veut montrer que la relation ambigue des groupes ethniques slovenes envers l'Etat a cree, au debut du siecle, des craintes politiques injustifiees et un sentiment de discrimination. Les Slovenes se battent notamment pour la reconnaissance de leur langue et l'enseignement bilingue en Autriche
Accuracy and efficiency of higher-order boundary element methods for steady convective heat diffusion in three-dimensions

Higher-order boundary element methods (BEM) are presented for three-dimenisonal steady convective heat diffusion at high Peclet numbers. The boundary element formulation is facilitated by the definition of an influence domain due to convective kernels. This approach essentially localizes the surface integrations only within the domain of influence which becomes more narrowly focused as the Peclet number increases. The outcome of this phenomenon is an increased sparsity and improved conditioning of the global matrix. Therefore, iterative solvers for sparse matrices become a very efficient and robust tool for the corresponding boundary element matrices. In this paper, we consider an example problem with an exact solution and investigate the accuracy and efficiency of the higher-order BEM formulations for high Peclet numbers in the range from 1000 to 100,000. The bi-quartic boundary elements included in this study are shown to provide very efficient and extremely accurate solutions to this problem, even on a single engineering workstation.
CALCIUM, POTASSIUM, AND IRON BALANCE IN CERTAIN CROP PLANTS IN RELATION TO THEIR METABOLISM.

Due to the widespread use of lime and potash in agricultural fertilizer practice, reports of instances in which these elements have proven injurious are continually increasing. Survey of the voluminous literature on responses of crop plants to mineral fertilizers reveals that injury following lime or potash amendments occurs most commonly when there is extreme lack of balance between these and other nutrient elements in the soil.
Cortical abnormalities in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Summary Background Results of structural brain imaging studies of patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder have shown subtle reductions in total brain volume and in volumes of the right frontal lobe and caudate nucleus. Although various conventional volumetric and voxel-based methods of image analysis have been used in these studies, regional brain size and grey-matter abnormalities have not yet been mapped over the entire cortical surface in patients with this disorder. We aimed to map these features in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Methods We used high-resolution MRI and surface-based, computational image analytic techniques to map regional brain size and grey-matter abnormalities at the cortical surface in a group of 27 children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and 46 controls, who were group-matched by age and sex. Findings Abnormal morphology was noted in the frontal cortices of patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, with reduced regional brain size localised mainly to inferior portions of dorsal prefrontal cortices bilaterally. Brain size was also reduced in anterior temporal cortices bilaterally. Prominent increases in grey matter were recorded in large portions of the posterior temporal and inferior parietal cortices bilaterally. Interpretation The frontal, temporal, and parietal regions are heteromodal association cortices that constitute a distributed neural system, which subserves attention and behavioural inhibition. We have identified region-specific anatomical abnormalities in cortical components of attentional systems, which may help better account for the symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Photoinduced diffraction in polymer waveguides

We report on techniques for measuring photoinduced diffraction in prism-coupled slab polymer waveguides. Diffraction effects resulting from photochromic gratings in slab waveguides of Disperse Red 1 dye in polymethylmethacrylate were studied. Optical damage in the form of diffractive mode conversion was observed when we coupled in light with a wavelength slightly longer than the absorption edge of Disperse Red 1 dye. Slowly growing satellite beams in the outcoupled light were attributed to anisotropic scattering between the lowest-order TE mode and the lowest-order TM mode caused by self-diffraction from a grating produced through the photochromic effect. We have also investigated the effect of mode-coupling changes on the determination of diffraction efficiency and sensitivity in waveguide experiments. Diffraction efficiencies predicted by measurements of the modulation depth in the guide are found to overstate the actual diffraction efficiencies that could be observed in this geometry. Techniques for overcoming this limitation and for improving estimates of the energy density and interaction length in the guide are noted.
Management of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Infected with Campylobacter Fetus: A Case Report

We present a rare case of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) infected with Campylobacter fetus. The patient presented with abdominal pain and leukocytosis, without a palpable AAA. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen showed a 3.1 x 3.0 cm infrarenal abdominal aneurysm with an extra-aortic fluid collection. At surgery, an in situ graft was placed. Intraoperative aortic wall cultures grew pansensitive C. fetus, and blood cultures remained negative. At 9-month follow-up, the patient was doing well without complaints. To our knowledge, this represents only the ninth reported case of an AAA with an aortic wall culture positive for C. fetus.
Forest Blowdown and Lake Acidification

The authors examine the role of forest blowdown in lake acidification. The approach combines geographic information systems (GIS) and digital remote sensing with traditional field methods. The methods of analysis consist of direct observation, interpretation of satellite imagery and aerial photographs, and statistical comparison of two geographical distributions-one representing forest blow-down and another representing lake chemistry. Spatial and temporal associations between surface water pH and landscape disturbance are strong and consistent in the Adirondack Mountains of New York. In 43 Adirondack Mountain watersheds, lake pH is associated with the percentage of the watershed area blown down and with hydrogen ion deposition (Spearman rank correlation coefficients of {minus}0.67 and {minus}0.73, respectively). Evidence of a temporal association is found at Big Moose Lake and Jerseyfield Lake in New York and the Lygners Vider Plateau of Sweden. They conclude that forest blowdown facilities the acidification of some lakes by altering hydrologic pathways so that waters (previously acidified by acid deposition and/or other sources) do not experience the neutralization normally available through contact with subsurface soils and bedrock. Increased pipeflow is suggested as a mechanism that may link the biogeochemical impacts of forest blowdown to lake chemistry.
Cryocooler development (1995 AIChE Institute Lecture)

Increased demand for cryocoolers for aerospace and terrestrial applications has served as an incentive over the past decade to develop units with specific performance parameters. Since many of these units also require a high degree of reliability, considerable effort has been directed toward meeting this goal. The excellent progress that has been made is summarized, and there is every indication that the use of cryocoolers will expand greatly during the next decade, with a rapid transition from present aerospace/military applications to highly civilian uses in such areas as medicine, electronic transmission, environmental control, energy storage, and transportation.
Redefining security in public space: the case of LOVE park

By controlling the public spaces in which true human interaction occurs, planners and policymakers are challenging the fundamental desires of groups to forge social bonds and enhance their own sense familiarity with the environment. Security is not merely achieved through an understanding of territory but through acknowledgement and confrontation with individuals or groups maintaining diverse perspectives on the world.
The tempest unmanned aircraft system for in situ observations of tornadic supercells: Design and VORTEX2 flight results

This paper reports results from field deployments of the Tempest Unmanned Aircraft System, the first of its kind of unmanned aircraft system designed to perform in situ sampling of supercell thunderstorms, including those that produce tornadoes. A description of the critical system components, consisting of the unmanned aircraft, ground support vehicles, communications network, and custom software, is given. The unique concept of operations and regulatory issues for this type of highly nomadic and dynamic system are summarized, including airspace regulatory decisions from the Federal Aviation Administration to accommodate unmanned aircraft system operations for the study of supercell thunderstorms. A review of the system performance and concept of operations effectiveness during flights conducted for the spring 2010 campaign of the VORTEX2 project is provided. These flights resulted in the first-ever sampling of the rear flank gust front and airmass associated with the rear flank downdraft of a supercell thunderstorm by an unmanned aircraft system. A summary of the lessons learned, future work, and next steps is provided. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Eradication of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia by copper vapor laser.

A healthy 47-year-old white woman presented with 4 vascular-appearing plaques on the left upper part of the forehead (Figure 1A), which had been present for approximately 9 years. On physical examination, there was a 1.031.2-cm pink plaque with 3 similar-appearing papules above it measuring 0.4 to 0.8 cm. One lesion extended into the hairline. Two 3-mm punch biopsy specimens were obtained, which showed features of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) (Figure2A). Of note, the patient experienced severe neuropathic symptoms of dysesthesia and hyperesthesia of the left frontoparietal part of the scalp 1 to 2 months after her biopsy, which gradually resolved during the ensuing 6 months.
The Challenge of Predicting and Preventing Sudden Cardiac Death Immediately After Myocardial Infarction

Risk stratification methodsshould provide information about the likelihood of SCD andnon-SCD to identify potentially effective interventions, suchas implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy thatprevents SCD and reduces mortality. LVEF has been estab-lished as a useful marker of increased mortality after MI, butit does not identify patients at increased risk of arrhythmicdeath relative to total mortality. Among the risk stratificationtechniques evaluated alone or in conjunction with LVEF toidentify patients at high risk for arrhythmic mortality arespontaneous or induced ventricular arrhythmias, the signal-averaged electrocardiography, QT interval dispersion, micro-volt T-wave alternans, increased QRS duration, baroreceptorsensitivity, and heart rate variability and turbulence.
Unifying theory for stability of continuous, discontinuous, and discrete-time dynamical systems

Abstract Continuous-time dynamical systems whose motions are continuous with respect to time (called continuous dynamical systems), may be viewed as special cases of continuous-time dynamical systems whose motions are not necessarily continuous with respect to time (called discontinuous dynamical systems, or DDS). We show that the classical Lyapunov stability results for continuous dynamical systems are embedded in the authors’ stability results for DDS (given in [H. Ye, A.N. Michel, L. Hou, Stability theory for hybrid dynamical systems, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 43 (4) (1998) 461–474]), in the following sense: if the hypotheses for a given Lyapunov stability result for continuous dynamical systems are satisfied, then the hypotheses of the corresponding stability result for DDS are also satisfied. This shows that the stability results for DDS in [H. Ye, A.N. Michel, L. Hou, Stability theory for hybrid dynamical systems, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 43 (4) (1998) 461–474] are much more general than was previously known, and that the quality of the DDS results therein is consistent with that of the classical Lyapunov stability results for continuous dynamical systems. By embedding discrete-time dynamical systems into a class of DDS with equivalent stability properties, we also show that when the hypotheses of the classical Lyapunov stability results for discrete-time dynamical systems are satisfied, then the hypotheses of the corresponding DDS stability results are also satisfied. This shows that the results for DDS in [H. Ye, A.N. Michel, L. Hou Stability theory for hybrid dynamical systems, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 43 (4) (1998) 461–474] are much more general than previously known, having connections even with discrete-time dynamical systems! Finally, we demonstrate by the means of a specific example that the stability results for DDS are less conservative than corresponding classical Lyapunov stability results for continuous dynamical systems.
Orthostatic Hypotension: Mechanisms, Causes, Management

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) occurs when mechanisms for the regulation of orthostatic BP control fails. Such regulation depends on the baroreflexes, normal blood volume, and defenses against excessive venous pooling. OH is common in the elderly and is associated with an increase in mortality rate. There are many causes of OH. Aging coupled with diseases such as diabetes and Parkinson's disease results in a prevalence of 10-30% in the elderly. These conditions cause baroreflex failure with resulting combination of OH, supine hypertension, and loss of diurnal variation of BP. The treatment of OH is imperfect since it is impossible to normalize standing BP without generating excessive supine hypertension. The practical goal is to improve standing BP so as to minimize symptoms and to improve standing time in order to be able to undertake orthostatic activities of daily living, without excessive supine hypertension. It is possible to achieve these goals with a combination of fludrocortisone, a pressor agent (midodrine or droxidopa), supplemented with procedures to improve orthostatic defenses during periods of increased orthostatic stress. Such procedures include water bolus treatment and physical countermaneuvers. We provide a pragmatic guide on patient education and the patient-orientated approach to the moment to moment management of OH.
The Relationship between Parenting, Acculturation, and Adolescent Academics in Mexican-Origin Immigrant Families in Los Angeles:

This study examines the relationship between gender, acculturation, parenting, and adolescents' academic outcomes in Mexican-origin immigrant families. Self-report survey data were collected from a...
Multiple HIV-related aneurysms: open and endovascular treatment.

PURPOSE To report successful endovascular repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms in 2 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). CASE REPORTS Thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) were found in a 60-year-old woman 1 year after she was diagnosed with HIV. Because of pain and risk of rupture, the AAA was repaired with conventional open techniques in February 1997, while the thoracic aneurysm was excluded in a staged procedure using a homemade endograft delivered through a 10-mm conduit sewn to the aortic tube graft. Two months later, new aneurysms were found in the superficial femoral arteries bilaterally; both were excised and replaced with vein grafts. After 7 years, the patient is well and no longer takes antiretroviral medication. Surveillance imaging shows continued patency of the stent-graft without evidence of leak or migration. In a more contemporary case, a 46-year-old man was found to have 5 focal aneurysms in the aorta; the most proximal descending thoracic aneurysm increased 2 cm in 2 weeks. The two thoracic aneurysms were successfully excluded using 2 Excluder stent-grafts. At 7 months, he was doing well, and the aneurysm had shrunk 11 mm. CONCLUSIONS Endovascular and open treatment of HIV-related aneurysms is possible, with excellent long-term results. Patients with long-life expectancy should be treated according to the same guidelines as patients without HIV.
Follow-up of the isolated medial approach to hallux abducto valgus correction without interspace release.

A retrospective radiographic review was performed of 29 patients (37 feet) who underwent an isolated medial approach for correction of hallux abducto valgus deformity from March 1993 to November 1998. Only those patients who had a traditional Austin-type osteotomy with a reducible first metatarsophalangeal joint and flexible first ray were included in the study. The average follow-up period for the entire study group was 18.4 months, with 13 patients (44.83%; 17 feet) having a follow-up period of longer than 2 years. The average decrease in the intermetatarsal angle was 9.89°, and the average decrease in the hallux abductus angle was 14.0°, results that correlated well with those of other studies on correction of hallux abducto valgus. No clinical or radiographic recurrence of hallux abducto valgus was noted throughout the follow-up period. The authors believe that an isolated medial approach to hallux abducto valgus correction without a lateral interspace release yields predictable results when performed...
Penetrating Abdominal Injuries: Management Controversies

Penetrating abdominal injuries have been traditionally managed by routine laparotomy. New understanding of trajectories, potential for organ injury, and correlation with advanced radiographic imaging has allowed a shift towards non-operative management of appropriate cases. Although a selective approach has been established for stab wounds, the management of abdominal gunshot wounds remains a matter of controversy. In this chapter we describe the rationale and methodology of selecting patients for non-operative management. We also discuss additional controversial issues, as related to antibiotic prophylaxis, management of asymptomatic thoracoabdominal injuries, and the use of colostomy vs. primary repair for colon injuries.
Estrogen Receptors Recruit SMRT and N-CoR Corepressors through Newly Recognized Contacts between the Corepressor N Terminus and the Receptor DNA Binding Domain

Estrogen receptors (ERs) are hormone-regulated transcription factors that regulate key aspects of reproduction and development. ERs are unusual in that they do not typically repress transcription in the absence of hormone but instead possess otherwise cryptic repressive functions that are revealed upon binding to certain hormone antagonists. The roles of corepressors in the control of these aspects of ER function are complex and incompletely understood. We report here that ERs recruit SMRT through an unusual mode of interaction involving multiple contact surfaces. Two surfaces of SMRT, located at the N- and C-terminal domains, contribute to the recruitment of the corepressor to ERs in vitro and are crucial for the corepressor modulation of ER transcriptional activity in cells. These corepressor surfaces contact the DNA binding domain of the receptor, rather than the hormone binding domain previously elucidated for other corepressor/nuclear receptor interactions, and are modulated by the ER's recognition of cognate DNA binding sites. Several additional nuclear receptors, and at least one other corepressor, N-CoR, share aspects of this novel mode of corepressor recruitment. Our results highlight a molecular mechanism that helps explain several previously paradoxical aspects of ER-mediated transcriptional antagonism, which may have a broader significance for an understanding of target gene repression by other nuclear receptors.
VHSIC technology insertion into the AP-102 avionics processor family

To meet the need for additional performance and memory, IBM has defined an approach to insert VHSIC (very high speed integrated circuit) technology into the AP-102, while avoiding any changes to the external operational interfaces and, at the same time, minimizing effects on the existing operational flight software. The objective of the AP-102 upgrade effort is twofold: (1) to develop a high-performance replacement for the AP-102 CPU (central processing unit) card and memory card(s) with options for various amounts of memory via directly populating components, and (2) to modify the AP-102 battery backup unit to provide a 30-day warning plus additional current capacity. The AP-102A represents a significant improvement in performance, memory capacity, reliability, power, weight, and reduced logistics support, and will allow weapons systems to effectively incorporate new functions and capabilities to improve mission success. >
Using college board data to examine trends in New Hampshire's college‐bound students

System-level institutional research offices can provide administrators and policymakers with important analysis in support of their mission.
Time Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Thioflavin T Photoisomerization: A Simulation Study

The excited state isomerization of thioflavin T (ThT) is responsible for the quenching of its fluorescence in a nonrestricted environment. The fluorescence quantum yield increases substantially upon binding to amyloid fibers. Simulations reveal that the variation of the twisting angle between benzothiazole and benzene groups (ϕ1) is responsible for the subpicosecond fluorescence quenching. The evolution of the twisting process can be directly probed by photoelectron emission with energies e ≥ 1.0 eV before the molecule reaches the ϕ1-twisted configuration (∼300 fs).
Strangeness vibrations and the strangeness content of the nucleon

Abstract A schematic model of strangeness vibrations is used to show the importance of continuum contributions to strangeness correlations in both S =−1 and S =1 baryon channels. The strangeness content of the nucleon due to vibrational correlations of the skyrmion is found to be convergent in the sum over vibrational eigenmodes, but the associated correlation energy and the number of strange mesons in the nucleon both diverge. The divergence comes from an angular momentum transmutation potential caused by the “cowlick” of the hedgehog pion field located at the origin. The model dependence and other problems of the calculated vibrational contributions to the strangeness content of the nucleon are discussed.
Unification of verification and validation methods for software systems: progress report and initial case study formulation

This paper presents initial research on unification of methods for verification and validation (V&V) of software systems. The synergism among methods for V&V are described. The requirements for a unification are defined. The initial steps of a case study of application of the unified approach to V&V is sketched including definition of the problem domain, the approach and some details of a property specification language. An undergraduate course introducing the unified approach to V&V is described. The relationship of this research to other efforts toward unification of V&V are discussed.
Applications of Fuzzy Logic in Data Mining Process

As described in the introduction, data mining is the process of extracting nontrivial relationships from data. No single technique can be defined as the optimal technique for data mining. Fuzzy logic modeling is a probability based method. It has many advantages over the conventional rule induction algorithm, which has been discussed in this chapter. The selection of technique depends on the problem and the data set. How to apply fuzzy logic to data mining problems is still a relatively new field. There are great potentials for exploiting these techniques on different data sets to extract information.
Designing pedagogical agents to address diversity in learning

Pedagogical agents are animated life-like characters designed to facilitate learning in computer-mediated learning environments (Johnson, Rickel, & Lester, 2000). As a social human-computer-interface, pedagogical agents have a unique potential to address diverse learning situations and diverse learners. Using two different research designs, we have found that agent image can play a key role in motivating learners. The first study examined how learners' gender and ethnicity influenced their choice of pedagogical agents how they perceived the persona of the chosen agents (see Baylor, Shen, & Huang, 2003). 183 undergraduates from two southeast universities participated in the study and were provided eight agents (see Table 1) to choose from, each differing by gender (male, female), ethnicity (African American, Caucasian), and realism (realistic, cartoon).
The effectiveness of home energy audits: A case study of Jackson, Wyoming

Abstract This study examines the factors that influence households to adopt modifications recommended by home energy audits and whether these audits lead to significant reductions in electricity use. Household decisions after the audits are recorded along with the corresponding recommended modifications and the offers for co-funding. A discrete choice model of the household decision after the audit is estimated. The results indicate that the potential improvement in heating efficiency from the proposed modifications increase the probability of implementing conservation measures. Co-funding offers also significantly raise the odds of accepting the modifications but are relatively less important than anticipated efficiency improvements. Several approaches are used to determine whether and how much energy is saved after the audits. Electricity demand models are estimated using data two years before and after each household audit. For households who decide to modify their houses after the audit, monthly average electricity use per square foot decreases 7%. While there is an estimated 2% reduction in electricity use attributed to the audit by households who decided not to adopt the proposed modifications, this reduction is not statistically significant, casting doubt on the presence of modifications in behavior from the audit information itself. For all households audited, the results from the electricity demand models suggest that the LVE home energy audit program reduced household electricity use 4.7%. In contrast, a differences-in-differences approach using synthetic control groups based upon a smaller but still sizeable sample of 2000 observations finds that home energy audits reduce household electricity use by more than 10%. Overall, these findings suggest that home audits result in modest but significant reductions in energy use and that co-funding encourages investments that otherwise may not be privately optimal.
Reassessing the risk of natalizumab-associated PML.

The risk algorithm for natalizumab-associated PML was first established in 2012 using the observations that JC virus antibody status, prolonged duration of natalizumab therapy (>2 years), and prior exposure to immunosuppressive therapy increased the risk for the disease. Prior to the publication of Biogen’s algorithm, a risk algorithm was created by Fox and Rudick using an Excel spreadsheet in order to address the concerns of their patients. Applying the most recently available data regarding natalizumab-associated PML, the risk assessments for PML were recalculated. The current numbers indicate substantially higher risks for PML in 2015 than in 2012. Our calculations suggest that an individual having all three risk factors has an approximately 1 in 44 chance of developing PML.
STINGRAE: A Senior -Designed Conceptual Ideology for a High -Efficiency Low -Noise Futuristic STOL Aircraft

This paper describes a recent experience of a six -person d esign team at Virginia Tech that competed in the 2007 -2008 NASA Fundamental Aeronautics University Aircraft Design Competition. This paper reviews the NASA’s 2007 -2008 University Competition request for proposal and offers insight on the current needs with in the aviation industry reflected by the request for proposal. Essentially, the students were challenged to create a conceptual design for a high -efficiency low -noise STOL aircraft for the year 2058. An overview of the students’ design process is presente d here followed by a brief outline of the enabling technologies of their conceptual design submitted to NASA. CL T.O. = lift coefficient at takeoff L/D = lift to drag ratio R = aircraft range sfc = specific fuel consumption � = ratio of air density at takeoff to air density at sea level TOP = takeoff parameter T/W = thrust to weight ratio V = cruise velocity W/S = wing loading WT.O. = aircraft weight at take off WL = aircraft weight at landing I. Introducti on
Trianionic NCN3– Pincer Complexes of Chromium in Four Oxidation States (CrII, CrIII, CrIV, CrV): Determination of the Active Catalyst in Selective 1-Alkene to 2-Alkene Isomerization

The synthesis and characterization of a series of four Cr complexes in the +2, +3, +4, and +5 oxidation states supported by an NCN trianionic pincer ligand are reported. Treating CrMeCl2(THF)3 with the dilithio salt pincer ligand precursor {[2,6-iPrNCHN]Li2}2 provides the CrIII complex [2,6-iPrNCN]CrIII(THF)3 (1), CrIV complex [2,6-iPrNCN]CrIVMe(THF) (2), and CrII complex [2,6-iPrNHCN]CrII(THF)2 (3). Complexes 2 and 3 are the result of disproportionation. Treating 1 with 1 equiv of styrene oxide in THF converts the CrIII complex to the CrV(O) species [2,6-iPrNCN]CrV(O)(THF) (4). Complex 2, characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, is a rare CrIV methyl complex that is kinetically stable at 25 °C; at 85 °C, Cr–Me bond homolysis occurs. The homolytic cleavage results in CH4 formation and biphenyl via a radical mechanism. The metal-containing product from thermolysis is the same CrII species formed during metalation, except one of the protons is substituted for a deuterium from C6D6 (3-d). Complex 2...
Surface Characterization of Silicon Carbide Following Shallow Implantation of Platinum Ions for High Temperature Hydrogen Sensing Applications

Silicon carbide is a promising wide-bandgap semiconductor intended for use in fabrication of high temperature, high power, and fast switching microelectronics components running without cooling. For hydrogen sensing applications, silicon carbide is generally used in conjunction with either palladium or platinum, both of them being good catalysts for hydrogen. Here we are reporting on the temperature-dependent depth profile modifications of tungsten electrical contacts deposited on silicon carbide substrates.
Site-Specific Imaging of Elemental Steps in Dehydration of Diols on TiO2(110)

Scanning tunneling microscopy is employed to follow elemental steps in conversion of ethylene glycol and 1,3-propylene glycol on partially reduced TiO2(110) as a function of temperature. Mechanistic details about the observed processes are corroborated by density functional theory calculations. The use of these two diol reactants allows us to compare and contrast the chemistries of two functionally similar molecules with different steric constraints, thereby allowing us to understand how molecular geometry may influence the observed chemical reactivity. We find that both glycols initially adsorb on Ti sites, where a dynamic equilibrium between molecularly bound and deprotonated species is observed. As the diols start to diffuse along the Ti rows above 230 K, they irreversibly dissociate upon encountering bridging oxygen vacancies. Surprisingly, two dissociation pathways, one via O–H and the other via C–O bond scission, are observed. Theoretical calculations suggest that the differences in the C–O/O–H bond...
Study on HBV infection situation and vaccination in different population in Pudong New Area of Shanghai

Objective To investigate the HBV infection situation in three populations,and to explore the effects of primary immunization and reinforce immunization of HBV vaccine. Methods The serum HBsAg,anti-HBs,HBeAg,antiHBe and anti-HBc were measured by the solid phase radioimmunoassay( SPRIA). Those without HBV received primary immunization of HBV vaccine. Besides,non and hypo responders received reinforce immunization in medical staff and patient family members. Effects of two vaccinations were compared respectively. Results The HBV infection rates in medical staff,patient family members and general group were 55. 24%,59. 33% and 45. 71%,respectively. Significant differences of anti-HBs positive rates in three groups were demonstrated in one month,six months and eighteen months after primary immunization( all P 0. 05). While anti-HBs positive rates in medical staff and patient family members showed no difference in one month and six months after reinforce immunization( all P 0. 05). Conclusions Medical staff showed similar anti-HBs positive rate with general population and should received routine immunization. Anti-HBs positive rate in patient family members was lower than that in general population,and decreased gently after immunization. Therefore,reinforce immunization might be necessary.
Local and landscape metrics identify opportunities for conserving cavity-nesting birds in a rapidly urbanizing ecoregion

Urban centers are rapidly expanding globally, resulting in regional forest-cover transformations that shift from temperate forest biomes to a heterogeneous mix of urban development, forest patches, and agriculture. Data on habitat use within remaining forest patches embedded across land use types, particularly in urban land use, are needed to optimize conservation strategies as urban growth continues. In the rapidly urbanizing southern Piedmont, USA, small pine patches have become more frequent across the landscape and are found embedded within second-growth forest, agricultural, and urban land use matrices. We used point-count surveys and N-mixture models to determine the effect of patch- and landscape-scale drivers on cavity-nesting bird abundance, including the threatened Brown-headed Nuthatch ( Sitta pusilla ), in pine forest patches. Model-averaged estimates suggest Brown-headed Nuthatches are more abundant in large patches in a heterogeneous matrix that includes urban residential development. Three other cavity-nesting species declined in abundance as a function of reduced canopy cover. White-breasted Nuthatches increased and Tufted Titmice decreased in abundance in response to patch area. By identifying factors that predict abundance at local and landscape scales for ecologically sensitive and generalist species, we can more effectively contribute to regional conservation efforts in urban ecosystems, extending conservation in practice beyond protected areas.
Evolution of Smart Distribution Systems

Distribution systems have evolved from manually operated radial systems to systems with increasing customer owned generation and many devices with embedded intelligence. Similarly, the amount of data that is available in real time from the system as well as smart meters at customer-end has seen exponential growth. The data can be used with advanced algorithms for real-time control of distribution systems to enhance reliability, efficiency, and quality. This chapter presents a historical overview of the progress of automation in distribution systems. Various contemporary issues that are relevant for modern distribution systems are discussed. Distribution Automation (DA) is defined and a detailed discussion of related functions is presented. This is followed by cost/benefit analysis of distribution automation functions with mapping of the functions to various expected benefits. Examples of expressions needed to compute benefits are provided. Finally, the chapter concludes with a view towards the future distribution systems and possible approaches for operating and controlling them.
LIPID-LADEN FOAMY MACROPHAGES IN RENAL CELL CARCINOMA : POTENTIAL FROZEN SECTION DIAGNOSTIC PITFALL

Lipid-laden foamy macrophages are characteristic of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP). We have encountered a case of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with extensive necrosis, in which confluent sheets of foamy macrophages were a dominant feature. We describe the case and discuss the potential frozen section diagnostic problem in attempting to distinguish between confluent sheets of xanthoma cells a "reactive" change in RCC and xanthoma cells as a fundamental component of XGP. We propose that awareness of that problem should prompt the pathologist to request additional samples.
Respiratory training in an individual with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

We examined the impact of expiratory muscle strength training on maximum expiratory pressure, cough spirometry, and disease progression in a 71-year-old male with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Maximum expiratory pressure declined 9% over an 8-week sham training period, but subsequently improved by 102% following 8 weeks of expiratory muscle strength training. Improvements in cough spirometry and mitigated disease progression were also observed post expiratory muscle strength training. Improvements in maximum expiratory pressures were maintained 6 months following expiratory muscle strength training and were 79% higher than baseline data obtained 301 days prior. In this spinal-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient, respiratory training improved subglottic air pressure generation and sequential cough generation.