cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incomplete Dirichlet Integrals with Applications to Ordered Uniform Spacings

Sob& Uppuluri, and Frankowski, (Selected Tables in Math. Statistics, Vol. IV. Amer. Math. Sot., Providence, R. I., 1977) consider an incomplete Dirichlet integral of type I with several interesting applications connected with the multinomial distribution and provide tables of this integral along with other useful tables. Two incomplete Dirichlet integrals are discussed here along with some useful recurrence relations, providing simple methods of deriving the distribution theory of ordered uniform spacings.
Quantification of transient increase of the blood–brain barrier permeability to macromolecules by optimized focused ultrasound combined with microbubbles

Radioimmunotherapy using a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody that targets tumor cells has been shown to be efficient for the treatment of many malignant cancers, with reduced side effects. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) inhibits the transport of intravenous antibodies to tumors in the brain. Recent studies have demonstrated that focused ultrasound (FUS) combined with microbubbles (MBs) is a promising method to transiently disrupt the BBB for the drug delivery to the central nervous system. To find the optimal FUS and MBs that can induce reversible increase in the BBB permeability, we employed minimally invasive multiphoton microscopy to quantify the BBB permeability to dextran-155 kDa with similar molecular weight to an antibody by applying different doses of FUS in the presence of MBs with an optimal size and concentration. The cerebral microcirculation was observed through a section of frontoparietal bone thinned with a micro-grinder. About 5 minutes after applying the FUS on the thinned skull in the presence of MBs for 1 minute, TRITC (tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate)-dextran-155 kDa in 1% bovine serum albumin in mammalian Ringer's solution was injected into the cerebral circulation via the ipsilateral carotid artery by a syringe pump. Simultaneously, the temporal images were collected from the brain parenchyma ~100-200 μm below the pia mater. Permeability was determined from the rate of tissue solute accumulation around individual microvessels. After several trials, we found the optimal dose of FUS. At the optimal dose, permeability increased by ~14-fold after 5 minutes post-FUS, and permeability returned to the control level after 25 minutes. FUS without MBs or MBs injected without FUS did not change the permeability. Our method provides an accurate in vivo assessment for the transient BBB permeability change under the treatment of FUS. The optimal FUS dose found for the reversible BBB permeability increase without BBB disruption is reliable and can be applied to future clinical trials.
Quantitative analysis of joint images from patients with rheumatoid arthritis

An automated computer-driven method for quantitating change on serial hand radiographs from patients with rheumatoid arthritis is described. Joint images are superimposed and subtracted using Fourier transform techniques and subjected to fractal analysis, and the thickness of the periarticular cortices is determined by microcomputer. This method has the potential to provide reliable, reproducible and objective measures of roentgenographic change. >
Feedback control for non-linear singular systems

An invertible non-linear map is developed, which transforms a non-linear singular system into a regular one and preserves local properties under the application of specific feedback control laws. The presented algorithm is easily implementable on a digital computer, since it is of closed form. An application of the above algorithm is presented on an autonomous vehicle.
A predictive theory for diffusion in mixed solvents

A relationship for the diffusion coefficient of a dilute species in a mixture of two solvents is developed. The result, based on the linear additivity of the frictional activation energy which is valid for completely miscible, nonassociated systems, predicts the diffusion coefficient of the solute in terms of the limiting values of the diffusion coefficient of the solute in each of the solvents, the limiting values of the solvent pair diffusion coefficient, and two thermodynamic factors. The equation is confirmed for some recent experimental data.
Evaluating systems of care: Missing links in children's mental health research

Systems of care (SOCs) have been developed throughout the country to meet the needs of children with severe emotional disturbances (SED) and their families. In these SOCs, multiple agencies and disciplines are expected to work together with informal community supports to address families' needs (Stroul & Friedman, 1986a). A review of the literature on the impact of SOCs suggests: (a) communities' service delivery systems change; and (b) children experience modest improvements in symptomatology and functioning. At the same time, little is known about (a) which components of the SOC approach, at what levels, are necessary to impact child and family outcomes; (b) the degree to which SOCs affect other family members, beyond the target child; and (c) the impact of community contexts and supports in SOCs. Future research should improve measurement of key SOC constructs, examine the relation between specific levels of implementation and outcomes for the entire family, and investigate the impact of broader community systems and supports on families within SOCs. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 32: 655–674, 2004.
The Role of the Initial Interaction in Leader-Member Exchange

The present research employed a correlational-design laboratory study to examine the initial-interaction component of a developmental model of Graen's leader-member exchange theory of leadership proposed by Dienesch and Liden (1986). The influence of ability, liking, and the three upward-influence tactics of ingratiation, assertiveness, and rationality on the quality of leader-member exchange was examined both from the perspective of group leaders and members. The 188 subjects were assigned to groups of 4 (a leader and 3 members). From the leader's perspective, liking for members and ability of members were the variables most consistently related to quality of leader-member exchange. From the member's perspective, all variables except self-assessed ability were related to quality of leader-member exchange. The differences in perspective between leaders and members are discussed.
Fast and Robust Multi-view 3D Object Recognition in Point Clouds

Recognition of three dimensional (3D) objects in point clouds is a challenging problem. Existing methods often require prior segmentation or 3D descriptor training and matching, both time consuming and complex processes, especially for large-scale industrial or urban street data. We describe a new recognition approach that projects a 3D point cloud into several 2D depth images from multiple viewpoints, transforming the 3D recognition problem into a series of 2D detection problems. This method reduces complexity, stabilizes performance, and significantly speeds up the recognition process, without any requirement for object segmentation or detector training. Experiments validate the superiority of our method over several state-of-the-art methods on examples from industrial and street data scans.
Chapter 16 Biochemical and Immunocytological Characterization of Intermediate Filaments in Muscle Cells

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the biochemical and immunocytological characterization of intermediate filaments in muscles cells. An indispensable tool for the unambiguous characterization of the subunits of intermediate filaments in both muscle and nonmuscle cells has been the technique of two-dimensional isoelectric focusing (IEF)/sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. The comparative one-dimensional peptide mapping of total smooth- and skeletal-muscle desmin has revealed the presence of peptide differences in desmin within a given species and among species, indicating that although desmin is a conserved molecule, it may be coded by different genes in the different muscle types and species. The two desmin variants co-purify with desmin purified from chicken gizzard through a number of cycles of polymerization–depolymerization, indicating that they are both integral components of desmin filaments and of the desmin molecule. It is found that proteolysis of vimentin can be avoided if the cells are first cross-linked with the reversible cross-linker dimethyl-3,3-dithiobispropionimidate, then lysed with 0.5% NP-40, and finally denatured and reduced with 9.2 M urea-0.5% P-mercaptoethanol prior to IEF.
Effects of unisensory and multisensory presentation of stimuli upon naming by aphasic subjects.

Eight aphasic subjects participated in a Picture-naming and a Word-reading task. Stimuli were presented in three conditions for each task: (a) Auditory Condition (A), during which the subject was required to repeat the name of a stimulus item spoken by the experimenter; (b) Visual Condition (V), during which the subject was required to name a picture in the Picture-naming task and read a printed word in the Word-reading task; (c) Combined Condition (C), during which auditory and visual stimuli were presented simultaneously and the subject was required to respond by repeating the auditory stimulus or reading the stimulus item. Different stimuli were used in Picture-naming than in Word-reading. The results were as follows: (1) Performance of subjects during Combined Condition was generally superior to performance during Auditory and Visual Conditions; (2) Subjects generally had fewer correct responses during Visual Condition than during Auditory Condition; (3) The naming performance of aphasic subjects betw...
The Relative Effect of Paint Film Thickness on Bimetallic and Crevice Corrosion

Examen de la contribution de chaque couche protectrice (par rapport a leur epaisseur) dans la reduction de la permeation a l'eau, l'oxygene et le chlorure de sodium et de la corrosion resultante
Security Analysis of Smart Grid Cyber Physical Infrastructures Using Game Theoretic Simulation

Cyber physical computing infrastructures typically consist of a number of interconnected sites including both cyber and physical components. In this analysis we studied the various types and frequency of attacks that may be levied on smart grid cyber physical systems. Our information security analysis utilized a dynamic Agent Based Game Theoretic (ABGT) simulation. Such simulations can be verified using a closed form game theory analytic approach to explore larger scale, real world scenarios involving multiple attackers, defenders, and information assets. We concentrated our study on the electric sector failure scenarios from the NESCOR Working Group Study. We extracted four generic failure scenarios and grouped them into three specific threat categories (confidentiality, integrity, and availability) to the system. These specific failure scenarios serve as a demonstration of our simulation. The analysis using our ABGT simulation demonstrates how to model the electric sector functional domain using a set of rationalized game theoretic rules decomposed from the failure scenarios in terms of how those scenarios might impact the cyber physical infrastructure network with respect to CIA.
Strong data-processing inequalities for channels and Bayesian networks

The data-processing inequality, that is, I(U; Y ) ≤ I(U; X) for a Markov chain U → X → Y, has been the method of choice for proving impossibility (converse) results in information theory and many other disciplines. Various channel-dependent improvements (called strong data-processing inequalities, or SDPIs) of this inequality have been proposed both classically and more recently. In this note we first survey known results relating various notions of contraction for a single channel. Then we consider the basic extension: given SDPI for each constituent channel in a Bayesian network, how to produce an end-to-end SDPI?
Direct Numerical Simulations in Solid Mechanics for Quantifying the Macroscale Effects of Microstructure and Material Model-Form Error

Two fundamental approximations in macroscale solid-mechanics modeling are (1) the assumption of scale separation in homogenization theory and (2) the use of a macroscopic plasticity material model that represents, in a mean sense, the multitude of inelastic processes occurring at the microscale. With the goal of quantifying the errors induced by these approximations on engineering quantities of interest, we perform a set of direct numerical simulations (DNS) in which polycrystalline microstructures are embedded throughout a macroscale structure. The largest simulations model over 50,000 grains. The microstructure is idealized using a randomly close-packed Voronoi tessellation in which each polyhedral Voronoi cell represents a grain. An face centered cubic crystal-plasticity model is used to model the mechanical response of each grain. The overall grain structure is equiaxed, and each grain is randomly oriented with no overall texture. The detailed results from the DNS simulations are compared to results obtained from conventional macroscale simulations that use homogeneous isotropic plasticity models. The macroscale plasticity models are calibrated using a representative volume element of the idealized microstructure. Ultimately, we envision that DNS modeling will be used to gain new insights into the mechanics of material deformation and failure.
In situ formation of metal nanoparticle composites via "soft" plasma electrochemical reduction of metallosupramolecular polymer films

Metallosupramolecular polymers, consisting of both inorganic and organic phases, offer an interesting platform for the in situ formation of metal nanoparticles embedded in a polymer film. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of Pt-containing supramolecular polymers, prepared from 4-oxy-2,6-bis(10-methylbenzimidazolyl)pyridine end-capped polymers of either poly(tetrahydrofuran) or poly(ethylene-co-butylene), where the OMeBip:Pt complex phase separates from the macromonomer soft core to yield mechanically robust films. Exposure of these Pt-containing supramolecular polymer films to an atmospheric-pressure plasma setup results in the controlled nucleation and growth of uniformly sized, crystalline, unagglomerated Pt nanoparticles. The mechanism for nanoparticle nucleation is believed to be reduction by plasma electrons, eliminating the need for hydrogen gas or other reactive chemicals and allowing “soft” processing. We show that the size and density of the nanoparticles is modulated by the expo...
Cluster Carbonyls of the [Re6(μ3-Se)8]2+ Core

The first [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)](2+) core-containing cluster carbonyls, [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(PEt(3))(5)(CO)][SbF(6)](2) and trans-[Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(PEt(3))4(CO)(2)][SbF(6)](2), were produced by reacting [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(PEt(3))(5)I]I and trans-[Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)8(PEt(3))(4)I2], respectively, with AgSbF(6) in CO-saturated dichloromethane solutions. Spectroscopic and crystallographic studies suggest significant cluster-to-CO back-donation in these novel cluster derivatives and interesting electronic structures. Thermal and photolytic studies of the mono-carbonyl complex revealed its interesting and synthetically useful reactivity in producing new cluster derivatives.
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL PREDICTABILITY IN CESTODES (CYCLOPHYLLIDEA: TAENIIDAE).

It is generally recognized that genetic diversity of offspring is a major benefit of sexual reproduction (Williams, 1975; Glesener and Tilman, 1978; but see Maynard Smith, 1978). If natural selection is an important factor in the evolution of life histories, organisms that reproduce more than once during the life cycle should be sexual in the phase preceding the period of lowest environmental predictability, "where there is minimal fitness heritability and maximum likelihood of new genotypes being of greatest fitness" (Williams, 1975, p. 23). Conversely, one should expect asexual reproduction if the next stage lives under conditions similar to those encountered by the parent. In an attempt to explain the adaptive advantage of the alternation of sexual and asexual generations, Williams (1975) expanded the aphid-rotifer model, which he claimed might account for the life cycles of many parasites. In this model, a diploid organism lives in a limited, discontinuous habitat. This single organism can saturate the habitat when reproducing asexually. Periodically, dispersing propagules are produced by sexual reproduction. The genetic diversity of such propagules increases the likelihood that some may succeed in the relatively unpredictable habitats to which they are dispersed. This greater chance of success offsets the cost of meiosis, incurred because the sexuallytransmitted gene ". . . suffers a 50% hazard per generation, relative to asexual alternatives" (Williams, 1975, p. 9). Williams (1975) discussed the reliability of this model in predicting the occurrence of sexual reproduction in parasite life cycles. "A long list of animal parasites that conform to the pattern could be given. Reproduction within hosts is asexual; production of propagules to colonize new hosts is sexual. Where there is more than one obligate host, the final host (where sexual reproduction takes place) will be the most mobile and disperse the parasite most widely" (p. 23). In this case, as in the model case of aphids and rotifers, Williams associates environmental unpredictability with geographic dispersal. I offer an alternative explanation to Williams' (1975) interpretation of parasite life cycles which is based on the facts that 1) many parasitic worms depend on predator-prey relationships for completion of the life cycle, and 2) some parasites appear to be constrained with respect to the diversity of hosts in which they can successfully develop. I argue that such information may obviate the question of where asexual reproduction should occur in the life cycles of parasitic worms. I attempt to test Williams' hypothesis by examining related tapeworms that vary markedly in the extent to which they reproduce asexually and I offer tentative explanations for this variation that do not invoke environmental predictability.
Cross-Link Formation and Peptidoglycan Lattice Assembly in the FemA Mutant of Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus FemA mutant grown in the presence of an alanine-racemase inhibitor was labeled with d-[1-13C]alanine, l-[3-13C]alanine, [2-13C]glycine, and l-[5-19F]lysine to characterize some details of the peptidoglycan tertiary structure. Rotational-echo double-resonance (REDOR) NMR of isolated cell walls was used to measure internuclear distances between 13C-labeled alanines and 19F-labeled lysine incorporated in the peptidoglycan. The alanyl 13C labels were preselected for REDOR measurement by their proximity to the glycine label using 13C–13C spin diffusion. The observed 13C–13C and 13C–19F distances are consistent with a tightly packed, hybrid architecture containing both parallel and perpendicular stems in a repeating structural motif within the peptidoglycan.
A Cylinder Seal from Tlatilco

A cylinder seal, apparently from the Olmec occupation at Tlatilco, is inscribed with what may be the oldest writing known from Mesoamerica. The writing system is unlike any previously known and is typologically more advanced than other Mesoamerican systems.
Crack-Dislocation Modeling of Ductile-To-Brittle Transitions in Multilayered Materials

Using elastic fields of dislocations in a layered material, a simple form of a periodic potential is proposed to account for the fluctuation in dislocation line energy with position in a multilayer. This potential is incorporated into a fracture analysis which uses a Rice-Thomson criterion for dislocation emission [1] and a corresponding local stress intensity factor condition for cleavage extension. The analysis is rate-dependent, in that the velocity of a nucleated dislocation is proportional to the energetic force on that dislocation. Predictions of dislocation patterns in the vicinity of a crack parallel to the interface, as well as initial R-curve behavior, are discussed as a function of loading rate, layer thickness, and elastic properties of a two-component multilayer.
The Gulf: The Bush Presidencies and the Middle East. By Michael F. Cairo. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2012. 212 pp.

The Gulf: The Bush Presidencies and the Middle East. Michael F. Cairo. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2012. 212 pp. Do individuals matter? Does it really matter who is president, or are larger forces at work shaping history? Are our presidents pawns of larger societal movements, institutional roles, mass expectations, or do they shape policy and bend issues to their advantage? In the field of leadership studies, leaders are thought to matter a great deal. In the field of international relations, many believe that it matters little which individual occupies an office, as they are compelled by larger forces (e.g., national interest, power relations, etc.) to behave in fairly predictable and similar ways. In presidential studies, we seem to be a bit more ecumenical, allowing for both individual agency in some instances and role or national interest as shapers of policy in other instances. Political scientist Michael F. Cairo confronts questions of agency and decision making in this outstanding study of the two Bush presidencies, as they relate to two wars in the Gulf. This comparison proves to be an especially fertile laboratory for exploring these complex questions, as both presidents staffed many of their top advisory positions with the same people, faced the same adversary (Saddam Hussein) in the same region (the Persian Gulf), with both resulting in wars (about a dozen years apart), and with both wars being initially successful in military terms (both accomplished short-term goals) but with the aftermath of these two wars taking vastly different turns. Cairo sees 41 and 43 as reflecting two contrasting views of foreign policy, with George H. W. Bush as an "Enlightened Realist" and George W. Bush as a representative of the "Cowboy Liberalism" school of thought. Cairo defines an Enlightened Realist as being guided by "pragmatism and experience; flexibility and compromise; negotiation; and multilateral internationalism" (p. 28). George W. Bush's Cowboy Liberalism is "characterized by an emphasis on ideology and gut instinct; certainty and competition; messianic universalism; and unilateral nationalism" (p. 28). These two contrasting world views/approaches shaped policies in both Bush administrations, and by following the logic of each, one can see how and why many decisions were made and why the two Bush presidencies were so very dissimilar in process and policy. The author goes on to explore deeply the connections between personality and policy, as well as those between ideology and policy, arguing that, indeed, individuals do matter, and "who" is in the White House matters greatly. …
Cultivated factor has the influence on the yield and quality of north japonica rice[VII]--Phosphate fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer which used in seedling stage has the influence on the yield and quality

Make test to research the phosphate fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer which used in seedling stage has the influence on the yield and quality,the result indicated that increase the dosage of phosphate fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer can increase the grains of elemental area,but thousand kerner weight decline,it has no influence on yield.However to increase processing quality,improve exterior quality and gustatorius quality it has definite action.This influence comes through in the effect of magnesium fertilizer is better than phosphate fertilizer.
Anticancer Activity and Effect on Protein Kinase C (PKC) of Synthetic Phospholipid Analogs

The discovery that alkyl-lysophospholipids (ALP), ether analogs of naturally occurring lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) have antitumor activity has prompted the synthesis of numerous compounds which are cytotoxic to cells by acting on components of membranes (1). These glycerol phospholipids have been shown to have antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo and to be selectively cytotoxic to neoplastic tissues while sparing normal hematopoietic progenitor cells (2–5). Although the exact mechanism of action is unknown and may be multiple, the following observations have been made.
The venomous coral snakes (genus Micrurus) of Costa Rica.

Four species of venomous coral snakes ( Micrurus ) occur in Costa Rica. The single bicolor species, M. mipartitus has previously been defined as two subspecies; however, variations in diagnostic characters clemonstrate dinal shift that precludes recognition of geographic races. Presence of the tricolor M. clarki is concluded from but a single Costa Rican specimen, although the species is otherwise definitely known from adjacent areas in Panama. Variation among tricolor coral snakes allied to M. nigrocinctus suggests the presence of three populations that occupy southwestern Pacific Costa Rica, northwestern Pacific Costa Rica and western Nicaragua, and Atlantic lowland Costa Rica. Gradual intergradation in the Pacific lowlanels, as well as more complex intergrading patterns in the Meseta Central and Arenal regions and over a broad arca of Nicaragua, eliminate the value of subspecific designations. Where M. nigrocinctus occurs sympatrically with populations of the closely related M. alleni , they can be constently distinguished by differences in head cap patterns and segmental counts. Micrurus alleni is composed of three allopatric populations in the Atlantic lowlands of Costa Rica anel Nicaragua, the southwestern Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica and adjacent southwestern Panama, and Pacific lowland Darien in eastern Panama. Becaust of limited information on variation among these populations we prefer not to apply the trinomials.
Approximating Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Using Padé Approximants

Design optimization of finite element-based structures can be . very compute intensive thus inhibiting interactive design. The research presented here outlines a fast method for approximating eigenvalues and eigenvectors across a wide i:ange of design changes. An optimization scheme is described that combines Pade Approximants with curve-fitting techniques to achieve good approximations for large design changes.
Arid1a controls tissue regeneration.

Switch/Sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complexes are crucial for regulating temporal and spatial gene expression during development (1). SWI/SNF disrupts the DNA-histone interaction in an ATPase-dependent manner, alters the chromatin architecture and promotes a “poised” chromatin state (2,3). The poised state of chromatin makes it accessible for specific transcriptional regulators to facilitate tissue-specific gene expression profiles (4-6). SWI/SNF function is highly dependent on its subunit composition. Several SWI/SNF subunits, such as BAF155, BAF250a/b ( ARID1A/B ) and BRG1, are reported to affect self-renewal and differentiation in many tissues and embryonic stem (ES) cells (6-8). SWI/SNF complexes also increase transcriptional reprogramming efficiency during development (9). These studies implicate the SWI/SNF complexes are essential to embryonic development and tissue-specific differentiation.
Sentinel Lymph Node in Melanoma

Among the recent changes in the pathologic staging of patients with melanoma, examination of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) is one of the most important ones. In addition to a possible survival improvement, the status of the SLN provides crucial prognostic information, to be added to the histologic characteristics of the primary lesion. This chapter reviews the procedure, the histologic evaluation, the contribution of immunohistochemistry, the histologic pitfalls, and its prognostic significance (with special emphasis on tumor burden).
Development and utilization of a wireless and portable photoplethysmograph to study the post-occlusive reactive hyperemic response in a finger

Infrared light, when used in a narrow biological window, can be applied in such a way as to obtain blood flow measurements in vivo in tissues deeper than skin. When using light as a medium for blood flow measurement, the circulatory system's response to a stimulus such as occlusion may be a useful tool to characterize circulatory health. We developed a wireless, noninvasive device that uses photoplethysmography (PPG) in order to study pulsatile blood volume changes in the finger in both the skin and bone that occur during post-occlusive reactive hyperemia. We used this device at the top of the intermediate phalanx of the middle finger to measure a hyperemic response, which was induced mechanically with the use of a pressure cuff. Our study develops on prior work done by Naslund et al. and J. Mateus which evaluated pulsatile blood volume changes in bone with near-infrared light.
Evaluation of procedures to quantify solvent retention in electrospun fibers and facilitate solvent removal

Electrospun fiber scaffolds crafted from polyesters are studied extensively for potential tissue engineering applications. For translation of electrospun fibers into the clinic, the FDA requires analysis and quantification of any organic solvent that may be retained in the fibers since many organic solvents can negatively affect cells and tissues. If a significant amount of solvent is retained, then developing procedures for efficient solvent removal may enhance the clinical potential of these materials. In this study we use fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) to analyze solvent retention. A correlative analysis shows that both FTIR and TGA accurately predicted retention of two different solvents (HFP and chloroform) in our electrospun PLLA scaffolds, thus validating these procedures. We also assess the efficacy of various fiber treatment methods to facilitate organic solvent removal and conclude that submersion in 70 % ethanol and heat treatment at 100 °C were the most efficient methods of removing solvent from electrospun PLLA fibers.
Victimized Children’s Adjustment Difficulties: The Role of Parenting Styles and Parents’ Childhood Peer Victimization Status

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present study was to examine the role of parents’ childhood victimization status in the associations among parenting styles and victimized children’s depression and anxiety. Participants were 203 parents (86% mothers; M age = 43.75, SD = .76) and their children in the fourth or fifth grade (n = 203; 56% female; M age = 9.74, SD = .34). Children completed measures on peer victimization, their perceptions of their parents’ parenting styles, depression, and anxiety, while parents completed a measure on their childhood peer victimization while in elementary school. Parents’ childhood peer victimization status moderated relationships among authoritarian and permissive parenting styles and victimized children’s adjustment difficulties. These findings highlight the importance of considering parents’ experience of childhood peer victimization and its impact on their parenting styles and their children’s adjustment difficulties.
Metapopulation vicariance explains old endemics on young volcanic islands

Terrestrial plants and animals on oceanic islands occupy zones of volcanism found at intraplate localities and along island arcs at subduction zones. The organisms often survive as metapopulations, or populations of separate sub-populations connected by dispersal. Although the individual islands and their local subpopulations are ephemeral and unstable, the ecosystem dynamism enables metapopulations to persist in a region, more or less in situ, for periods of up to tens of millions of years. As well as surviving on systems of young volcanic islands, metapopulations can also evolve there; tectonic changes can break up widespread insular metapopulations and produce endemics restricted to fewer islands or even a single island. These processes explain the presence of old endemic clades on young islands, which is often reported in molecular clock studies, and the many distribution patterns in island life that are spatially correlated with tectonic features. Metapopulations can be ruptured by sea floor subsidence, and this occurs with volcanic loading in zones of active volcanism and with sea floor cooling following its production at mid-ocean ridges. Metapopulation vicariance will also result if an active zone of volcanism is rifted apart. This can be caused by the migration of an arc (by slab rollback) away from a continent or from another subduction zone, by the offset of an arc at transform faults and by sea floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges. These mechanisms are illustrated with examples from islands in the Caribbean and the Pacific. Endemism on oceanic islands has usually been attributed to chance, long-distance dispersal, but the processes discussed here will generate endemism on young volcanic islands by vicariance.
Math with strings

The numeric primitives in C++ limit computation to relatively small numbers so that large factorials and calculations, such as the Fibonacci series, at some point overflow the standard numeric representation. This limitation requires that a solution be sought that allows representation of large dynamically growing numbers. A string-based data-structure was designed to handle large number calculation problems. String mathematics was implemented for a basic set of mathematical operators including addition, subtraction, division, multiplication, and so on (+,-,/,*, etc). This led to a number system implementation which could grow to represent numbers limited in size only by the available string space. This poster presents the string-number and operator designs and demonstrates some of the results achieved when applied to otherwise difficult calculations. Graphics and straightforward examples are used to illustrate the development. The system is used in the CSCI 225 Discrete Mathematics class to demonstrate calculations using large numbers.
Home Hemodialysis (HHD) Treatment as an Effective yet Underutilized Treatment Modality in the United States

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a major health burden and its incidence has been increasing yearly reaching 120,000 cases in 2014. Home hemodialysis (HHD) is a treatment modality option that has been shown to contribute to numerous clinical benefits but is largely underutilized due to many contributing factors. The purpose of this review paper is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of HHD and the reasons for its low utilization with a special focus on its socioeconomic impact as compared to facility hemodialysis. Key factors contributing to HHD underutilization are related to the reimbursement system of the facility and nephrologists as well as the underutilization of the pre-dialysis educational benefit. Based on this comprehensive review of the literature, we propose several suggestions which may contribute to the expansion of HHD treatment modality.
Radiofrequency Ablation of Renal Masses

Radiofrequency ablation is a thermal ablative technique involving heat-induced tissue necrosis and should be considered as a management option for patients with small renal masses and comorbidities precluding surgical extirpation. Biopsy should be performed prior to ablation, which provides crucial information for postoperative surveillance. There are many different strategies involved with radiofrequency ablation that ultimately should lead to the same result, achieving an adequate ablative zone that encompasses the tumor. Several ablative devices are available for use, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. This decision is ultimately up to the surgeon. Similarly, either a surgical, ultrasonic approach or a percutaneous approach can be used, both with advantages and disadvantages. Although following adequate steps should result in a successful ablation and oncologic outcome, postoperative follow-up is an important aspect of this management.
An ultra efficient composite modular power delivery architecture for solar farm and data center

This paper presents an ultra-efficient composite modular power delivery architecture (COMPDA) that is able to be used for DC-DC, DC-AC, AC-DC, and AC-AC applications. The proposed architecture has very good module structure, the devices in each module have the same voltage and current stress. When it is used for high conversion ratio dc-dc applications, the device voltage stress is the same with the low voltage side, and the device current stress is the same with the low current side. Compared with the buck, flying capacitor multilevel or modular multilevel dc-dc converters, the proposed architecture has much lower total device power or current stress, which means a significant semiconductor chip area reduction. During the operation, the modules are connected in-series to sustain the high voltage and connected in-parallel to pump the high current. By properly design the resonant tank in the COMPDA, all the switching devices could achieve zero current switching or zero voltage switching. A partial power regulator could be integrated in the proposed architecture, where only a minimum amount of power needs to be processed in order to achieve the output voltage fine regulation. By properly control the operation of modules, the COMPDA can also be used as a high boost ratio DC-AC inverter or high step-down ratio AC-DC rectifier while keeping the soft-switching features, which are specially suitable for solar farm and data-center application. When apply the COMPDA to single-phase DC-AC or AC-DC applications, only a minimum amount dc-link capacitor is needed since the needs of energy storage is minimized, and there is no high voltage dc-link requirement anymore. In order to show the benefits of the COMPDA, one special unregulated case derived from the proposed architecture has been used for 48 V–8 V DC-DC data center application, which is also named switched-tank converter. Finally, a GaN based prototype is built and tested to verify the theoretical analysis. The proposed converter can achieve the peak efficiency at 98.55% under switching frequency 253 kHz and power density is ∼750W/inch3.
Sparse Equation Solver with Unrolling Strategies

The solution of linear systems of equations on advanced parallel and/or vector computers is an important area of ongoing research. The development of efficient equation solvers is particularly important for static and dynamic (linear and non-linear) structural analyses, sensitivity and structural optimization, control-structure interactions, ground water flows, panel flutters, eigenvalue analysis etc…. [10.1–10.19]. Modern high-performance computers (such as Cray-YMP, Cray-C90, Intel Paragon, IBM-SP2) have both parallel and vector capability, thus algorithms that exploit parallel and/or vector capabilities are the most desirable.
Transgenic Models to Assess the Neuropathogenic Potential of HIV-1 Proteins and Cytokines

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection continues to spread at a rapid rate and the clinical syndromes associated with it present increasing medical and socioeconomic problems. A significant number of people infected with HIV-1 develop neurological complications, including impairments of cognition and motor performance that can culminate in dementia and paralysis (Working Group of the American Academy of Neurology AIDS Task Force 1991). These functional alterations are accompanied at the structural level by loss of neuronal subpopulations in combination with more widespread degeneration of neuronal dendrites and synapses, reactive astrocytosis, microglial changes and alterations of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) (for review see Sharer 1992; Budka 1992; Spencer and Price 1992; Price and Perry 1994). The effective prevention and treatment of these abnormalities, impossible at the present time, will likely require a better understanding of the molecular and cellular processes that underlie HIV-1 associated CNS damage.
Beeshu’s Laugh

Although the Syrian uprising initially seemed poised to proceed along a path similar to that of revolutions in other parts of the Arab world, the situation quickly devolved into one of the bloodiest and most destructive conflicts since World War II . Against the backdrop of nearly unprecedented devastation and harsh repression, a popular ‘arts of self-satire’ has flourished, creating a form of visual critique directed simultaneously at the regime and the self. On the surface, such works appear to be deeply cynical but in fact serve as a means of visual and social empowerment. In this article I argue that self-satire—and the ‘involvement’ it reveals, exposes and displays—creates a distinctly Syrian form of popular artistic production whose goal is to create a sense of agency and provoke intra-communal and public empathy with the suffering of the Syrian people. Thus, in Syria, the arts of the uprising are often darkly cynical and self-mocking, but that very self-satire becomes the means by which Syrians insist to themselves, and the world, that their circumstances must be revealed, witnessed and radically identified with.
A unique case report of jejunoileal bypass reversal with review of the literature

Abstract Introduction Jejunoileal bypass (JIB) was an effective treatment for morbid obesity in the 1970s, but shortly after it fell out of favor due to horrific side effects, including liver failure, nephrolithiasis and drastic vitamin deficiencies. Although there are few living people with JIB, the management of these patients can be challenging. Case presentation We describe a case of a 58-year-old female with a history of JIB 46 years prior who had an impending renal failure due to nephrolithiasis. She underwent a jejunostomy feeding tube prior to reversal. After reversal, our patient developed failure to thrive with functional obstruction of the newly incorporated small bowel. This bypassed bowel underwent a severe inflammatory transformation after the introduction of enteric feeds, suggesting an immunological type response to antigens in food. It wasn’t until a long and debilitating 12 months and resection of this inflamed bowel that our patient was able to regain bowel function and gain weight. Conclusion Jejunoileal bypass is an archaic procedure for morbid obesity. Due to its debilitating and at times lethal side effects, it has been replaced with newer techniques. Despite advances, there are still patients out there who have had a jejunoileal bypass. This case report and review of the literature details our experience with this procedure.
Exploring racial differences in financial socialization and related financial behaviors among Ohio college students

AbstractThis study examined how White and Black college students, particularly Black students, gain financial knowledge and skills. Recognizing that training in money management begins in childhood...
Trends in Exercise Capacity Following Heart Transplantation

Purpose While exercise capacity has been shown to improve following heart transplantation , transplant patients still have subnormal exercise capacities. We aimed to determine the natural history of exercise capacity post-transplant and whether resting heart rate impacts exercise capacity Methods Retrospective chart review was performed and patients who underwent multiple cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) post-heart transplantation were identified. Fisher's exact test was used to compare categorical data with CPET variables and the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare continuous measures. Measurements over each year were considered repeated measures and fit with a linear mixed effect model. Results A total of 93 patients underwent CPET at 1-year post-transplant, 44 at 2 years, 32 at 3 years, and 17 at 4 years. The average age was 56.1(± 12.6) years, 87 (93.6%) patients were Caucasian, and 64 (68.2%) patients were male sex. There were no significant changes in CPET variables over the first four years following heart transplantation (Table 1). Resting heart rate at 1 year (≤ 95 vs >95) did not significantly impact exercise capacity after heart transplant . Patients with lower peak VO2 ( 70% predicted) remained stable over time. Conclusion While exercise capacity improves following heart transplantation, continued improvement was not observed in our transplant population. Resting heart rate following heart transplantation does not impact exercise capacity.
Advanced Daylight Admission Systems Using Auxetic Structures in Florida, USA

Most thermal interactions between indoor and outdoor environments take place through building envelopes and particularly through windows due to glazing's inherently higher Uvalues. Therefore, an effective shading structure for windows, which simultaneously can provide sufficient illuminance levels, minimize excessive sun exposure, and ensure acceptable visual comfort by controlling the glare is highly desirable. Unlike static daylight control systems, dynamic daylight admission systems adjust the amount of intake sunlight with assistance from building occupants or mechanical devices. Studies to date have not thoroughly and comprehensively developed an alternative system in which a self-morphing structure that is responsive to changing outdoor environmental conditions in real-time can function as an "adaptive daylight admission system." This paper has studied the effects of the adaptable auxetic shading structure with varying geometries to optimize illuminance levels, sun exposure, and reduce probability of glare. This study has developed a model to evaluate the illuminance and glare performance of the proposed shading system, and tested in the City of Gainesville, Florida, which is also applicable to other locations. The results suggest that the auxetic shading structure can effectively block sunlight from entering the space by adjusting its geometry in response to varying outdoor and sky conditions. In addition, a strong correlation can be found among daylight availability, sun exposure, and glare probability. Future studies may explore the effect of auxetic shading structures on energy consumption and thermal comfort parameters. In addition, the relation between auxetic shading devices and the health and wellbeing of building occupants may also be another factor to evaluate the effectiveness of this new generation of shading devices. Although this study focuses on the building-scale level of this shading system, future studies can investigate the urban-scale implementation of the proposed shading strategy.
The round trip model for severe herpes zoster caused by live attenuated varicella vaccine virus.

Varicella vaccine is a live attenuated varicella‐zoster virus. Varicella vaccine can enter latency and later reactivate as herpes zoster. Pseudorabies virus is another herpesvirus closely related to varicella‐zoster virus. The round trip model for pseudorabies virus explains pathogenesis of herpes zoster from vaccine virus.
Observed Social Emotional Behavior at 22 Months Predicts a Later ASD Diagnosis in High-Risk Siblings

Social engagement, pretend play, and concern for another’s distress represent fundamental features of typical social-emotional development in the second year. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) display delays and deficits in these areas, and research on toddlers at heightened risk for ASD (HR; younger siblings of children with ASD) indicates these deficits may be apparent in toddlerhood. Prior research has examined these aspects of social-emotional development individually in HR toddlers. The present paper examines them jointly as predictors of ASD. We show that social engagement, pretend play, and empathic concern at 22-months each contribute uniquely to predicting later ASD diagnosis with high specificity and moderate sensitivity. Results have important implications for early diagnosis and intervention in young children with ASD.