cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Breast Cancer Screening Update

Breast cancer is the most common non-skin cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in North American women. Mammography is the only screening test shown to reduce breast cancer-related mortality. There is general agreement that screening should be offered at least biennially to women 50 to 74 years of age. For women 40 to 49 years of age, the risks and benefits of screening should be discussed, and the decision to perform screening should take into consideration the individual patient risk, values, and comfort level of the patient and physician. Information is lacking about the effectiveness of screening in women 75 years and older. The decision to screen women in this age group should be individualized, keeping the patient's life expectancy, functional status, and goals of care in mind. For women with an estimated lifetime breast cancer risk of more than 20 percent or who have a BRCA mutation, screening should begin at 25 years of age or at the age that is five to 10 years younger than the earliest age that breast cancer was diagnosed in the family. Screening with magnetic resonance imaging may be considered in high-risk women, but its impact on breast cancer mortality is uncertain. Clinical breast examination plus mammography seems to be no more effective than mammography alone at reducing breast cancer mortality. Teaching breast self-examination does not improve mortality and is not recommended; however, women should be aware of any changes in their breasts and report them promptly.
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy for Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) Inspection

This paper discusses the efforts toward overcoming the difficulty in the inspection and measurement of submicrometer structures of very large-scale integration (VLSI) circuitry. The microelectronic industry has been using finer line-width and spacing to build denser circuitry. When the lines and spacings are smaller than the light wavelength, the traditional optical microscope is no longer able to image the fine lines due to light diffraction.
Effect of 60 Hz magnetic field exposure on c-fos expression in stimulated PC12 cells.

Rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells have been treated with nerve growth factor (NGF) at final concentrations of 2, 4, 8, and 16 ng/ml, and then were exposed to 60-Hz, sinusoidal magnetic fields (MF) of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μT (rms) for 30 min. Transcript levels for both c-fos and glyceraldehyde-3 -phosphate dehydrogenase were determined by Northern blot analysis using 32P-labeled cDNA probes. No change in c-fos expression was measured at any condition employed. Treatment of PC12 cells with a combination of agents (NGF, forskolin, and tetradecanoylphorbol acetate [TPA]) increased c-fos expression over that detected with NGF alone. MF exposure of cells treated with the three-agent regimen produced two outcomes, either no change or a doubling of c-fos expression. In subsequent experiments, cells were treated with NGF, NGF + forskolin + TPA, or pre-treated with anisomycin and then treated with NGF + forskolin + TPA. It was determined that MF exposure, like superinduction with anisomycin, increased c-fos expression only in cultures which were not yet exhibiting maximal c-fos expression. It is hypothesized that MF exposure, like anisomycin, may alter the activity of key intracellular protein kinases.
Synthesis and Characterization of Electrostatical Self-Assembly CdSe/Polymer Nanocomposite Films

Using a novel electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) method to incorporate CdSe quantum dots into polymer we have successfully synthesized ultrathin films. This method allows the molecular-level thickness control and layer-by-layer formation of multilayer thin and thick films using alternative anionic and cationic molecular solution dipping. From ellipsometric measurements, we obtained that the thickness of per bilayer is around 3.7 nm. UV-vis absorption spectra versus the number of bilayers have also been obtained using an Hitachi 2001 spectrometer. The size of CdSe quantum dots has been measured using transmission electron microscopy before the CdSe quantum dots are incorporated and confirmed using atomic force microscopy after the formation of the film, respectively. Both measurements indicate that the diameter of the CdSe quantum dots is 2-3 nm. Xray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that the concentration of the CdSe quantum dots in the film is 2.14%.
Particle Production by the Gravitational Field

My aim, in these lectures, will be to review some aspects of the theory of particle production by gravitational fields. Roughly speaking this theory deals with two rather different topics: particle production by black holes and particle production in cosmological contexts. Of these the former process is more completely understood, the latter, which may well lead to significant effects in the theory of the early universe, is less well understood since it is currently bedevilled by the question of what should be chosen as the quantum state of the field. For this reason as well as the exigencies of the available time I shall leave the subject of cosmological particle production entirely aside and concentrate instead on gaining an elementary understanding of the phenomenon of black hole radiance. Quite apart from its considerable intrinsic interest this will serve also to highlight the principal difference between electrodynamic and gravitational particle production namely the role played by boundary conditions and the global structure of the space-time manifold.
Effect of the Medicaid Primary Care Rate Increase on Prenatal Care Utilization Among Medicaid-Insured Women

To evaluate the effect of the 2013–2014 ACA Medicaid Primary Care Rate Increase on Medicaid-insured women’s prenatal care utilization, overall and by race and ethnicity. We employed a difference-in-differences design, using births data from the 2010–2014 National Vital Statistics System. Our study population included approximately 6.2 million births to Medicaid insured mothers conceived between April 2009 and March 2014. Our treatment group was births in states with large (relative to small) fee bump, defined as having Medicaid-to-Medicare fee ratio below the median of all states (0.7) in 2012. Our control group was births in states with a small fee bump. Prenatal care utilization measures included initiation of prenatal care in the first trimester and number of prenatal care visits. Non-Hispanic Black women giving births in large fee bump states had 9% higher odds (95% CI 1.02, 1.17) of initiating prenatal care in the first trimester during the fee bump period, compared to small fee bump states. Prenatal care visits in this group also increased by 0.24 (95% CI 0.10, 0.39), 2.4% of the mean. A smaller increase in prenatal care visits of 0.17 (95% CI 0.00, 0.33) was found among non-Hispanic Whites. The fee bump had no impact among Hispanics or non-Hispanic women of other races. The Medicaid “fee bump” improved prenatal care utilization for non-Hispanic Black and White women. Policymakers may consider reinstating higher Medicaid reimbursements to improve access to care for disadvantaged populations.
Another Brief Interlude

In 1791, a mambo lay dying on a banana leaf mat even though she could smell freedom in the air. The French peasants had achieved it, then so could the Blacks of St. Dominigue on the island of Hispaniola.
A Review of Integrated Propulsion, Suspension and Guidance Passive Guideway Maglev Technologies

This paper provides a review of integrated propulsion, suspension and guidance maglev technology that use fully passive guideway structures.
Innovations in Knitting at ITMA 2019 Barcelona, Spain

A review of knitting equipment and knitting innovations at ITMA 2019 Barcelona, Spain. Focused on upgrades, add-ons, partnerships, technology integration, automation, sustainability, and digital 3D integration.
Early tracheostomy in patients with cervical spine injury reduces morbidity and improves resource utilization.

Abstract Background Aim of our study is to analyze the impact of Early Tracheostomy (ET) in patients with cervical-spine (C-spine) injuries. Methods We analyzed seven-year (2010–2016) ACS-TQIP databank and included all non-TBI trauma patients diagnosed with c-spine injuries. Patients were stratified into two groups based on the timing of tracheostomy (Early; ≤7days: Late; >7days). Outcomes were complications, hospital and ICU stay. Regression analysis was performed. Results We included 1139 patients. Mean age was 47 ± 12, median ISS was 18 [12–28], and median C-spine AIS was 4 [3–5]. 24.5% of the patients received ET. On regression analysis, patients who received ET had lower overall-complications (OR:0.57) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (OR:0.61). ET was associated with shorter duration of mechanical ventilation, and hospital and ICU stay. There was no difference in mortality rate. Conclusions Early tracheostomy in patients with C-spine injuries was associated with lower rates of ventilator-associated-pneumonia, shorter duration of mechanical ventilation, and ICU and hospital stay.
Study on major disease category proportions of congenital heart disease diagnosed by echocardiography in 28772 cases

先天性心脏病(CHD)是婴幼儿中最常见的先天性畸形之一.本研究分析超声心动图检查诊断CHD病例的病种及首次检出年龄的构成比,了解其变化趋势,为CHD早期干预及诊治提供科学依据. 1.对象与方法:2003年1月至2008年12月在浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院(浙医儿院)行超声心动图检查诊断为CHD病例28 772例(男15 069例,女13 703例),年龄1日龄至18岁(M=8月龄)。
Abstract IA28: Integrin-mediated mechano-transduction controls HER2 oncogenic signaling and activation of YAP in breast cancer

Integrin-mediated adhesion and signaling via focal adhesion kinase is required for mammary tumorigenesis in the PyMT mouse model. Moreover, PTK2 encoding FAK is amplified in a substantial fraction of human breast cancers. We have investigated the mechanism through which integrin signaling controls mammary tumorigenesis and found that integrin-mediated mechano-transduction controls invasive growth in stiff 3D matrices through activation of YAP/TAZ. Mechanistic studies revealed that integrin signaling induces—via activation of FAK and Src family kinases (SFKs) —tyrosine phosphorylation and inactivation of LATS. The ensuing activation of YAP/TAZ is necessary for invasive growth of HER2+ breast cancer cells. Engagement of HER2/HER3 with neuregulin impinges on SFKs to amplify activation of YAP/TAZ in HER2+ breast cancer cells, suggesting that integrin-mediated mechano-transduction functions as a rheostat to regulate HER2 oncogenic signaling. Finally, administration of dasatinib significantly increases the efficacy of HER2 inhibition in the MMTV-Neu mouse model of HER2+ breast cancer. These findings reveal a major mechanism through which the Hippo pathway is disabled in breast cancer and suggest that targeting HER2 and SFKs simultaneously may be a rational strategy in selected cases of breast cancer. This abstract is also being presented as Poster A22. Citation Format: Shimin Wang, Young-Mi Kim, Ralph Garippa, Larry Norton, Filippo G. Giancotti. Integrin-mediated mechano-transduction controls HER2 oncogenic signaling and activation of YAP in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Hippo Pathway: Signaling, Cancer, and Beyond; 2019 May 8-11; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(8_Suppl):Abstract nr PR04.
Dementia Worry and Neuropsychological Performance in Healthy Older Adults.

OBJECTIVE Dementia is one of the most feared diseases in American society. However, limited research exists regarding how worrying about dementia may influence peoples' cognitive abilities. The current study examines how dementia worry affects performance on neuropsychological domains of executive function, memory, attention, and processing speed in a healthy older adult population. METHOD Participants (n = 40) were screened for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8, scores > 10 were excluded) and for mild cognitive impairment using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS, scores < 32 were excluded). All participants were administered common neuropsychological tests of executive function, memory, attention, and processing speed. Participants were also asked to complete the Dementia Worry Scale (DWS), a measure assessing the level of dementia worry individuals experience in daily life. RESULTS A multivariate effect of dementia worry on neuropsychological measures of executive function was supported. Specifically, higher levels of dementia worry were significantly related to poorer performance on combined measures of executive function (Wilk's Lambda = 0.821, F (2, 36) = 3.934, p = .028). CONCLUSIONS Dementia worry significantly affects scores on specific neuropsychological measures. Inasmuch, dementia worry may have both functional implications for older adults, as well as assessment implications for practicing neuropsychologists. Further research is necessary to parse apart whether dementia worry represents a psychological variable affecting cognitive performance and/or serves as an early marker of cognitive decline.
Modeling Radiation Reaction Induced Superradiance in Quantum Dot Systems

We simulate the collective emission effect known as superradiance in quantum dots ensembles by considering interactions with their classical radiation reaction field. We show that this reaction field emerges from the secondary radiated field via an expansion of the associated time domain Green's function. Incorporating this reaction field in a Maxwell-Bloch simulation, we reproduce characteristic superradiant behavior.
A model-based analysis of the impairment of semantic memory.

We use cognitive models to evaluate three theories of the change in semantic memory caused by Alzheimer’s disease. We use data from 14,096 clinical assessments of 3602 Alzheimer’s patients and their caregivers. Each patient completed a semantic memory task involving the odd-one-out comparison of animal names. Each patient was also independently evaluated to determine their level of impairment. Our cognitive models assume a feature-based representation of the animals and odd-one-out choice probabilities based on common-feature similarities. We find no evidence for the restructured representation hypothesis, which claims that impairment causes changes in the features used to represent stimuli. We also find no evidence for the attention change hypothesis, which claims that impairment causes greater attention to be given to concrete features at the expense of more abstract features. We do find evidence for the noisy access hypothesis, which claims that odd-one-out choices become less determined by semantic similarity and more prone to the simple response strategy of choosing the last option. We conclude that the noisy access hypothesis provides a simple account of odd-one-out choice behavior throughout the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. More elaborate theories involving changes to underlying mental representations and attention processes need to provide evidence they are superior to the noisy access account.
Access to What? Geography of Opportunity and Baccalaureate Degree-granting Community Colleges in California

Guided by a Geography of Opportunity framework and using Arc Geographic Information Systems (ArcGIS) mapping, we sought to explore how and to what extent California Community Colleges baccalaureate...
Catalytic Resonance of Ammonia Synthesis by Dynamic Ruthenium Crystal Strain

Ammonia affords dense storage for renewable energy as a fungible liquid fuel provided it can be efficiently synthesized from hydrogen and nitrogen. In this work, the catalysis of ammonia synthesis was computationally explored beyond the Sabatier limit by dynamically straining a ruthenium crystal (± 4%) at the resonant frequencies (10^2 to 10^5+ Hz) of N2 surface dissociation and hydrogenation. Density functional theory calculations at different strain conditions indicated that the energies of NHx surface intermediates and transition states scale linearly with that of the surface nitrogen on terraces, allowing the description of ammonia synthesis at a continuum of strain conditions. A microkinetic model including multiple sites and surface diffusion between step and Ru(0001) terrace sites of varying ratios for nanoparticles of differing size revealed that dynamic strain yields catalytic ammonia synthesis conversion and turnover frequency comparable to industrial reactors (400 ⁰C, 200 atm) but at lower temperature (320 ⁰C) and an order of magnitude lower pressure (20 atm).
Near-infrared II photoacoustic probes for nitric oxide sensing.

Abstract In this chapter, we introduce a two-phase tuning approach for developing highly sensitive photoacoustic probes for imaging nitric oxide (NO) in the near-infrared (NIR)-II window. Due to the synthetically challenging nature of current NIR-II dye platforms, our two-phase tuning approach circumvents this issue by first allowing one to tune the reactivity using a synthetically accessible dye. We have used a physical organic workflow to understand the reaction kinetics and identify the most reactive sensing component. The selected reactive trigger is then introduced to phase two where it is appended to a range of well-established NIR-II dyes. This strategy is used to select the ideal photoacoustic probe for NIR-II imaging in vivo. Here, we have detailed procedures for synthesis, in vitro studies, and in vivo imaging.
Intermaxillary elastics on skeletal anchorage and MARPE to treat a class III maxillary retrognathic open bite adolescent: A case report.

Summary Class III malocclusion when accompanied with transverse and vertical maxillomandibular discrepancies such as posterior crossbite and vertical open bite leads to complicated orthodontic treatment. Proper diagnosis and treatment planning are important in such patients for a successful orthodontic outcome. A common treatment approach for patients with class III malocclusion is to wait for the completion of growth and plan orthognathic surgery in conjunction with orthodontic treatment. However, performing no treatment and waiting for growth to be completed during teen years could lead to negative effects on the patient's self-esteem. In such cases, a non-surgical option with skeletal anchorage could be used to correct the malocclusion without surgical intervention. This case report shows that in patients with severe class III malocclusion, skeletal anchorage can be used for the correction of anterior crossbite with intermaxillary elastics.
The Double Edged Sword of Violent Victimization Against the Elderly:: Patterns of Family and Stranger Perpetration

Utilizing two national data sources, the National Crime Victimization Survey and the Comparative Homicide File, this study documents trends and patterns of both lethal and nonlethal forms of violent victimization against the elderly and how these patterns compare to victimization against younger Americans. It was found that elderly victims of nonlethal violence have increasingly reported that their assailants have been relatives over the past two decades. However, older American still appear to be proportionately more vulnerable to nonlethal forms of violence committed by strangers. Equal proportions of elderly victims of homicide were killed by strangers, acquaintances, or relatives. While elderly victims of homicide were more often killed during the commission of another felony such as a robbery, the proportion of victims killed during a conflict situation was not much lower than that of felony related homicide. In contrast, those under the age of 65 were most likely to be killed by an acquaintance in a...
Texture analysis for foreign object detection using a single layer neural network

Inspection of food products for quality control to ensure that products are free from impurities (foreign objects) such as stone, glass or metal is a demanding part of a production process. This paper presents a method to detect foreign objects in bags of frozen vegetables and in particular using bags of frozen corn kernels. X-ray imaging is used to view the contents of the bag. We use principal component analysis (PCA) techniques to find the orthogonal vectors in data space that account for as much as possible of the variance of the data. The vectors are then used as the coefficients of the convolution masks. We briefly mention the various texture analysis methods using PCA and describe the artificial neural network texture description method used in this study. >
An investigation into the Aboriginal rock art paints of the Selwyn Ranges region in north west Queensland

It has become well established that minute quantities of organic matter can be extracted from rock paints and dated using radiocarbon methods. Many of these dates have been used to suggest the antiquity of painting. This has lead to discrepancies emerging between these dates and rock art chronologies determined using other dating techniques. Some researchers are now questioning how accurately the age of a painting can be determined by measuring the radiocarbon age of its organic contents. It was the proposition of this thesis that the analysis of prehistoric rock paints requires a greater emphasis on understanding the organic environment of a painting. It is believed that this would promote an understanding of the origin and history of substances found within rock paints. Specific organic substances could then be extracted and isolated from the paints for the purpose of radiocarbon dating, the age of these substances being more easily argued as having a similar antiquity as the act of painting. This study was a baseline study, establishing that organic matter was present in the paints, that the amount of organic matter could be quantified and that different types of organic matter could be identified in different paints. An important aspect of this thesis was also to investigate the organic content of materials associated with the paintings, and the act of painting. Thus the organic composition of the supporting rock substrate, mineral skins forming on the rock surface and an ochre pigment source were also investigated. Analysis of the paints' organic environment in the Selwyn region shows that sufficient organic material for radiocarbon dating was present in several paints that did not utilise a charcoal-based pigment. Importantly, it was also demonstrated that the organic material in these paints can have a multitude of origins. This implies that methods which seek to radiocarbon date the entire organic content of a paint, are not accurate indicators of a painting's age. The resulting radiocarbon measurement will be an average of the different history of each organic substance, and is unlikely to reflect the actual antiquity of the painting. This thesis concluded by suggesting that the analysis of the organic environment of rock paints is an equally important aspect of dating paintings, as the dating itself. It is suggested that the adoption of a methodology that seeks to characterise the organic composition of rock paints, before radiocarbon dating is considered, will lead to better approaches to determining the age of rock paintings by using their organic constituents.
The system-on-a-chip lock cache

In this dissertation, we implement efficient lock-based synchronization by a novel, high performance, simple and scalable hardware technique and associated software for a target shared-memory multiprocessor System-on-a-Chip (SoC). The custom hardware part of our solution is provided in the form of an intellectual property (IP) hardware unit which we call the SoC Lock Cache (SoCLC). SoCLC provides effective lock hand-off by reducing on-chip memory traffic and improving performance in terms of lock latency, lock delay and bandwidth consumption. The proposed solution is independent from the memory hierarchy, cache protocol and the processor architectures used in the SoC, which enables easily applicable implementations of the SoCLC (e.g., as a reconfigurable or partially/fully custom logic), and which distinguishes SoCLC from previous approaches. Furthermore, the SoCLC mechanism has been extended to support priority inheritance with an immediate priority ceiling protocol (IPCP) implemented in hardware, which enhances the hard real-time performance of the system. Our experimental results in a four-processor SoC indicate that SoCLC can achieve up to 37% overall speedup over spin-lock and up to 48% overall speedup over MCS for a microbenchmark with false sharing. The priority inheritance implemented as part of the SoCLC hardware, on the other hand, achieves 1.43X speedup in overall execution time of a robot application when compared to the priority inheritance implementation under the Atalanta real-time operating system. Furthermore, it has been shown that with the IPCP mechanism integrated into the SoCLC, all of the tasks of the robot application could meet their deadlines (e.g., a high priority task with 250us worst case response time could complete its execution in 93us with SoCLC, however the same task missed its deadline by completing its execution in 283us without SoCLC). Therefore, with IPCP support, our solution can provide better real-time guarantees for real-time systems. To automate SoCLC design, we have also developed an SoCLC-generator tool, PARLAK, that generates user specified configurations of a custom SoCLC. We used PARLAK to generate SoCLCs from a version for two processors with 32 lock variables occupying 2,520 gates up to a version for fourteen processors with 256 lock variables occupying 78,240 gates.
Stresses in Spherical Shells Due to Local Loadings

Abstract : The maximum stresses in a spherical shell are obtained which is lifted or towed by a cable or any mechanical power hoist. In view of the highly localized nature of the maximum stress induced in a spherical shell due to local loading, the nonlinear (large deflection) shallow shell theory is adopted for the analysis. A nonlinear relaxation technique in conjection with finite difference approximations is introduced for the numerical integration. Results obtained here are presented in the graphic form which may be readily used by engineers in practical design. (Author)
Cholera and Other Vibrioses

Cholera has been feared since antiquity. Since 1817 there have been seven global cholera pandemics. Cholera is characterized by the rapid onset of profuse, watery diarrhea, with dehydration, circulatory collapse, and death in ∼40% of untreated patients. Oral rehydration therapy has dramatically changed cholera death rates, which can now be kept under 1%. Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae strains that produce cholera toxin (CT). Milder diarrhea can be caused by other strains of Vibrio cholerae and by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The latter, together with Vibrio vulnificus, also cause septicemia in patients with liver disease or immunosuppression, with fatality rates approaching 50%.
Combined conduction and radiation in a two-layer planar medium with flux boundary condition

The interaction of conduction and radiation is investigated under both transient and steady-state conditions for an absorbing, emitting, and isotropically scattering two-layer slab having opaque coverings at both boundaries. The slab is subjected to an externally applied constant heat flux at one boundary surface and dissipates heat by radiation into external ambients from both boundary surfaces. An analytic approach is applied to solve the radiation part of the problem, and a finite-difference scheme is used to solve the conduction part. The effects of the conduction-to-radiation parameter, the single scattering albedo, the optical thickness, and the surface emissivity on the temperature distribution are examined.
Abstract 955: Transformation from NSCLC to SCLC in EGFR mutant lung cancers with acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) are sensitive to the EGFR inhibitors erlotinib and gefitinib. In the majority of patients with this type of cancer, EFGR inhibition leads to a dramatic reduction in tumor size coupled with an abatement of symptoms. These responses are temporary, and in most cases the cancers become resistant after an average of one year. Recently, we and others have found that a subset of these cancers transform from NSCLC to SCLC as they acquire resistance to EGFR TKI. Details underlying this novel resistance mechanism are largely undiscovered. To assess the genetic changes associated with NSCLC to SCLC transformation, we carried out next generation sequencing analysis on NSCLC and SCLC resistant tumors. The sequencing results revealed that Rb, along with p53 and PIK3CA were specifically altered in the SCLC transformed tumors. An IHC assay to detect Rb indicated that while 10 out of 10 SCLC transformed cases have loss of Rb, resistant cancers that maintained an NSCLC histology largely retained Rb. To address the mechanism underlying the resistance to EGFR inhibition in these tumors, we demonstrated that upon the transformation to SCLC there is a marked reduction in EGFR expression, suggesting that in transforming to SCLC these cells become a cell type that no longer requires EGFR for their survival. Finally, utilizing cell lines generated from biopsies taken from resistant cancers, we identify the Bcl-2/Bcl-XL inhibitor Abt-263 as a potential therapeutic approach to treat these resistant patients. Together, our results provide details underlying this novel mechanism of resistance to targeted therapy. Citation Format: Matthew J. Niederst, Lecia V. Sequist, Elizabeth L. Lockerman, Angel R. Garcia, Carlotta Costa, Farhiya Mohamoud, Darrell R. Borger, Toshi Shioda, Gad Getz, Anthony J. Iafrate, Mari Mino-Kenudson, Jeffrey A. Engelman. Transformation from NSCLC to SCLC in EGFR mutant lung cancers with acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 955. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-955
Socrates of Athens: Euthyphro, Socrates' Defense, Crito and the Death Scene from Phaedo

Complete modern translations of Plato's Euthyphro, Socrates' Defense (a.k.a. Apology) and Crito, along with the death scene from Phaedo.
Computer mouse movement patterns: A potential marker of mild cognitive impairment

Introduction Subtle changes in cognitively demanding activities occur in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) but are difficult to assess with conventional methods. In an exploratory study, we examined whether patterns of computer mouse movements obtained from routine home computer use discriminated between older adults with and without MCI.
Quantum State-Resolved Study of the Four-Atom Reaction OH- (X1Σ+) + D2 (X1Σg+, v = 0) → HOD (X1A‘, v‘) + D- (1S)

The D+ transfer reaction between OH- (X1Σ+) and D2 was studied with crossed molecular beam experiments and quantum chemical calculations at collision energies of 89 and 68 kJ/mol. The D- product ions were observed and measured for the first time in the crossed beam experiments. The center-of-mass (c.m.) flux distributions of the D- product ions exhibit significant asymmetry, and their maxima are close to the velocity and direction of the precursor D2 beam. The data are consistent with a direct mechanism that occurs on a time scale significantly less than a rotational period of the transient complex formed by approaching reactants. The D+ transfer results primarily in the excitation of the H−O−D bending vibrational mode of the molecular product. The experimental observation is in agreement with theoretical results showing that, during the D+ transfer, the H−O−D bond angle changes significantly.
Brain and ring gland cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels during initiation and termination of pupal diapause in flesh flies.

Abstract 1. 1. Brain and ring gland concentrations of cyclic AMP were much higher shortly after pupariation in long day (non-diapause destined) flesh flies than in short day (destined for pupal diapause) flies. 2. 2. This difference was most striking in the ring gland (6 times higher in long day flies). 3. 3. Cholera toxin elevated brain-ring gland cAMP four-fold, thus accounting for its efficacy in averting diapause. 4. 4. No differences in cyclic GMP levels were detected between long and short day flies at pupariation. 5. 5. At diapause termination cAMP and cGMP concentrations in the brain and ring gland and cAMP in whole body homogenates changed only slightly, but whole body concentrations of cGMP rose markedly.
Bone wax cast to repair a cannula leakage during prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

During prolonged extracorporeal perfusion, thin-walled wire-wound cannulas have become the standard for low resistance cannula access for extrathoracic cannulation. We present an unusual technique of bone wax casting to repair a leak in a cannula to continue long-term extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Two-Photon Enhancement in Organic Nanorods

The nonlinear optical response in one-dimensional organic nanorods of N,N-dimethyl-4−4((4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethynyl)aniline (DMFSPA) was investigated to probe the long-range interactions in the nanocrystals on the microscopic level. Differences in the linear and nonlinear optical properties are shown for two different morphologies of these organic crystals as well as for the chromophore in solution. The optimized nanocrystalline suspension had more than an order of magnitude increase in the two-photon excited fluorescence when compared to the solution phase of DMFSPA at similar chromophore densities. The one and two-photon properties of the nanocrystals and bulk crystals are compared by near-field scanning optical multiscope imaging. The images also provide insights into the formation of the nanorods during initial crystallization, changes in the optical response of the system with time, and the viability of these and similar nanomaterials for consideration in solid-state organic device appl...
Platform independent GUI for reconfigurable ultrasonic system-an-chip hardware

Ultrasonic systems are widely used in industrial and medical imaging applications for diagnosis, nondestructive evaluation (NDE), defect recognition and classification. These applications are big data problems that must be processed in real-time using computationally intensive signal processing algorithms. The Reconfigurable Ultrasonic System-on-Chip Hardware (RUSH) platform, developed for this study, utilizes hardware/software co-design to allow flexibility in system development for these real-time ultrasonic signal processing applications. In this paper, a Graphical User Interface (GUI) is designed for the RUSH platform which allows users to visualize and capture ultrasonic signals in one, two and three dimensions. Furthermore, a TCP based platform-independent client-server protocol has been established for communication between the RUSH system and the user.
Apparent Violation of Griffiths' Inequality for He 4

A reanalysis of the data used to determine the critical exponent $\ensuremath{\delta}$ given by Roach and Douglass in a recent Letter shows that the value of this exponent is significantly larger than the value they obtained and satisfies Griffiths' inequality.
Effects of Putative Neurotransmitters of the Carotid Body on its Own Glomus Cells.

Carotid body glomus cells produce and release acetylcholine (ACh), catecholamines, and neuropeptides, and there is biochemical evidence that these cells possess receptors for these substances. Thus, we studied the effects of cholinergics [ACh, nicotine (Nic), bethanechol (BN)] and peptides [met-enkephalin (ME), substance P (SP)] on the membrane potential (Em), voltage noise (Erms), and input resistance (R0) of glomus cells. Sliced carotid bodies (for cell visualization) of cats, rabbits, and mice were used. The mean Em and R0 of rabbit glomus cells were lower than those of cat and mouse. R0 of mouse cells was the largest, whereas Erms was similar in all species. The various agents had qualitatively similar effects on the cells of the three species although some quantitative differences were sometimes observed. But, for simplicity, results were pooled. ACh depolarized most cells (effect depressed by zero [Ca2+]0 and Mn2+), reduced their resistance, and induced variable changes in Erms. Different ACh doses produced non-linear effects on ΔEm. Nic and BN also depolarized most cells, reducing R0 and Erms. Atropine depressed the cell responses to BN; α-bungarotoxin the depolarizing response to Nic. ME and SP depolarized most cells, but only ME significantly reduced R0. Neither peptide significantly changed voltage noise. Comparing the effects of all drugs showed that BN was the most effective depolarizing agent, producing the largest reductions in R0. There were negative correlations between ΔEm and ΔR0 with the cholinergics and SP; correlations between ΔErms and ΔR0 were significant and positive only with the cholinergics. These results confirm the presence of nicotinic, muscarinic, and peptidergic receptors in glomus cells. The similar effects of cholinergics and peptides and those of flow interruption and anoxia suggest that the latter may partly act via autoreceptors for the released transmitters.
Private, Parochial, and Public Realms in Santiago, Chile's Retail Sector

Recent scholarship contends that the rise of shopping malls, gated communities, and gentrification as well as citizens' withdrawal to the private realm have eroded public life in U.S. and Latin American cities. Malls' suburban location and security policies exclude the poor and restrict free speech; residents and fences in gated communities exclude outsiders; and police and businesses in downtowns and high-rent districts limit poor people's access to public areas. I expand this discussion with an analysis of the accessibility of Santiago, Chile's retail areas, the social relationships present there, and marginalized groups' informal resistance to their exclusion. The city's distinct segregation pattern, transit system, and state-licensed street markets permit greater contact between rich and poor and foster vital public spaces. I adapt Lofland's typology of fleeting, quasi-primary, and intimate secondary relations in public to examine social interactions in street markets, flea markets, and shopping malls. The distinct mix of relationships within these markets reflects the characteristics of users, varying degrees of accessibility to diverse populations, and state policies toward markets. Marginalized groups' informal resistance is pervasive in each setting. In contrast to the dominant view that public space is declining in contemporary cities, Santiago residents are not universally reclusive, antisocial, or reluctant to engage in cross-class public encounters, and the city retains vital public areas. The findings demonstrate that our understanding of public space is incomplete without an awareness of social relationships and informal resistance alongside structural constraints to the accessibility of urban locales.
The Franck-Condon Principle and Related Topics

A review of the historical development and present status of certain topics in molecular physics may serve as a reminder of the progress made in the past two decades. Let us recall that in 1925 there was no subject of nuclear physics, and high voltage equipment was almost non-existent except in the x-ray laboratories. About all that was known about cosmic rays was that the ionization increases in high balloon flights in the atmosphere and that its cause penetrates deeply into lakes. Nobody had heard of closed electron bands in a solid, and the word semi-conductor was essentially unknown.
A MORE EXACT THEORETICAL INTERPRETATION OF RECENT EXPERIMENTAL DATA OBTAINED USING THE SEPARATED SENSITIZER AND SUBSTRATE METHOD TO INVESTIGATE O2(lδg) INTERACTIONS. POSSIBLE IMPORTANCE OF O2(1σg

— Recent experimental data obtained using the separated sensitizer and substrate method to investigate the interaction of O2(1δg) with various substances has been re-interpreted by means of a more complete theory. Comparison of experimental and recalculated values of the dependence of relative reaction rates on the sensitizer-substrate separation indicate general accord for experiments in which singlet oxygen acceptors in aqueous solution were used. The presumption is therefore that singlet molecular oxygen O2(1δg) is indeed the active oxidizing agent and that the theory presented and experiment are entirely in agreement. For experiments in which bacterial targets were used a very distinct disagreement between theory and experiment is evident, the conclusion being that the kill rate does not depend linearly on the O2(1δg) concentration in the immediate proximity of the bacteria. However, the data is consistent with a quadratic dependence on the 1δg concentration. A possible conclusion therefore is that the cytotoxic species is actually O2(1σ+g), formed by an energy pooling reaction involving two O2(1δg) molecules.
Principles, safety and utility of transcranial magnetic stimulation in cognitive neuropsychology

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can safely disrupt cortical activity thus allowing investigation of the timing of cognitive functions and the connectivity between the neural substrates mediating these functions. Here, the principles behind TMS as well as contemporary safety guidelines necessary for its use are reviewed in addition to recent studies that highlight the types of approaches that may be useful for psychological investigation. The literature provides support for the general safety of the technique. Magnetic stimulation has great utility in creating models of neuropsychological disorders in the intact brain, as well as addressing the validity of existing cognitive models.
The role of assessment in library user education

In response to a growing need for the library to articulate the success of its efforts in terms of student learning outcomes, librarians at the University of the Pacific Library developed a plan to assess library instruction. The assessment project included the selection of a population, the development of learning objectives, the development of assessment devices, and data collection and analysis. This paper describes the process and presents the results of a case study of assessment of library instruction for first‐year students. Suggestions as to how assessment can lead to the development of good practices in both instruction and evaluation are given.
Application of multivariate data analysis to evaluate total PCDDs and PCDFs in municipal incinerator emission

Abstract Total concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs were predicted from the concentrations of specifically identified dioxin and furan isomers of each congener group by partial least-squares (PLS). The accuracy of this prediction can be used to evaluate results from different data sets or different sources which were calculated by an automatic identification and quantification program-TASQ R .
Identification of Targets for Calcium Signaling through the Copine Family of Proteins: CHARACTERIZATION OF A COILED-COIL COPINE-BINDING MOTIF *

We provide evidence that copines, members of a ubiquitous family of calcium-dependent, membrane-binding proteins, may represent a universal transduction pathway for calcium signaling because we find copines are capable of interacting with a wide variety of "target" proteins including MEK1, protein phosphatase 5, and the CDC42-regulated kinase, that are themselves components of intracellular signaling pathways. The copine target proteins were identified by yeast two-hybrid screening and the interactions were verified in vitro using purified proteins. In the majority of cases the copine binds to a domain of the target protein that is predicted to form a characteristic coiled-coil. A consensus sequence for the coiled-coil copine-binding site was derived and found to have predictive value for identifying new copine targets. We also show that interaction with copines may result in recruitment of target proteins to membrane surfaces and regulation of the enzymatic activities of target proteins.
Degradation of Urethane-Foam-Backed Poly(vinyl chloride) Studied Using Raman and Fluorescence Microscopy

Urethane-foam-backed poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) degrades through dehydrochlorination, a process that results in the formation of conjugated polyene sequences within the backbone of the polymer. Raman spectroscopy at 633 nm and a combination of fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy with blue excitation have been used to quantify the temporal degradation of two commercial foam/ vinyl composites. Since the resonance behavior of polyenes depends on their conjugation lengths, the Raman and fluorescence measurements were most sensitive to polyenes with conjugation lengths of > 20 and ~ 10, respectively. Durability tests were performed by weathering samples in the field for 35 months and in ovens at temperatures of 100 and 120 C for ~ 500 h. For the field-weathered samples, the integrated fluorescence intensity correlates well with the polyene concentration as determined by Raman measurements, which suggests that for these aging conditions the kinetics controlling the steady-state populations of short- and long-length polyene sequences are similar. The results from the laboratory-weathered samples are consistent with the conclusion that short-conjugationlength polyenes form first and then propagate to longer conjugation lengths as degradation progresses. Most importantly, this work demonstrates that the relatively simpler fluorescence imaging techniques can be extremely useful in determining the comparative weatherability of different foam/vinyl composites.
The effective thermal conductivity of a composite material with spherical inclusions

A new method is presented for calculating the effective thermal conductivity of a composite material containing spherical inclusions. The surface of a large body is assumed kept at a uniform temperature. This body is in contact with a composite material of infinite extent having a lower temperature far from the heated body. Green's theorem is then used to calculate the rate of heat transfer from the heated body to the composite material, yielding $$k_e /k = 1 + \frac{{3(\alpha - 1)}}{{[\alpha + 2 - (\alpha - 1)\phi ]}}\{ \phi + f(\alpha )\phi ^2 + 0(\phi ^3 )\} $$ where ke is the effective thermal conductivity, k is the thermal conductivity of the continuous phase, α is the ratio of the thermal conductivity of the spherical inclusions to k, and φ is the volume fraction occupied by the dispersed phase. The function f(α) is presented in this work. Although a similar result has been found previously by renormalization techniques, the method presented in this paper has merit in that a decaying temperature field is used. As a result, only convergent integrals are encountered, and a renormalization factor is not needed. This method is more straightforward than its predecessors and sheds additional light on the basic properties of two-phase materials.