cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design Studies for a 1500 MHz Superconducting Accelerator Cavity for use in an e+e− Storage Ring

The cost of a high-energy e+ e− machine can be substantially reduced if superconducting cavities with accelerating gradients of several MV/m can be used1,2). From an RF performance as well as economic point of view, higher operating frequencies are preferred. The upper limit, however, is set by requirements of storage ring operation such as useful aperture, beam bunch length, stored energy, and synchrotron oscillation frequency. Based on these considerations, design studies on a 1500 MHz structure have been carried out with a view towards installing 2m of superconducting cavity in CESR. These studies include measurements on higher-mode properties of the multi-cell structure, tests of devices that provide the coupling necessary for higher-mode power extraction, and damping of instability driving modes, multipactor control techniques on superconducting sections, and tests of 1500 MHz multi-cell superconducting sections.
Platelet Count Is an IPSS-Independent Risk Factor Predicting Survival in Refractory Anemia with Ringed Sideroblasts.

Background: We sought to validate the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in a well-characterized group of patients with refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS), as well as to assess the validity of novel and easily obtained prognostic factors such as complete blood count (CBC) parameters. For instance, Bowles and colleagues (Br J Haematol2006; 135: 198) recently reported that a low platelet mass (i.e., mean platelet volume (MPV) x platelet count <0.60 mL/L) is a marker for poor survival (median, 5 months) in patients with MDS, and also asserted the MPV and platelet count do not correlate so the MPV provides independent prognostic information. Because platelet parameters have been of particular interest in RARS, especially with respect to the provisional entity RARS with thrombocytosis (RARS-T), we assessed the prognostic relevance of MPV and platelet count/mass in this MDS subtype. Methods: We analyzed all pts diagnosed with RARS by FAB criteria at Mayo Clinic between 1994 and 2002, a period chosen because it was the interval when the MPV was routinely reported along with CBCs at our center. We excluded pts who were evaluated at Mayo Clinic >6 months after initial diagnosis or were being treated for other malignancies (e.g., lymphoma or myeloma). Medical records, blood parameters, bone marrow findings, and cytogenetic results were reviewed. We performed time-to-event analysis using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards modelling, with Chi-Square statistics to assess significance (i.e., type I error rate <0.05). Results: A total of 127 pts (79 males; median age 73 years, range 51-90) were identified, with 78 verified events during the follow-up period. The median survival was 3.9 years. The correlation between MPV and platelet count was poor (Pearson correlation coefficient, -0.18). Platelet count was low in 26 pts, within the normal range in 93 pts, and elevated in 8 pts (but >600 ×109/L in only 2). In univariate analysis, lower Hb, lower MCV (but not MPV), higher total white count, lower platelet count, abnormal cytogenetics, and higher IPSS score each predicted poorer survival. In multivariate analysis using a proportional hazards model, only the platelet count (hazard ratio 0.93 for each increase in count by 25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88-0.98, p=0.0055) and IPSS score (hazard ratio 7.7 for each increase in IPSS score by 1, 95% CI 4.1-14.4, p<0.0001) remained independently predictive of survival. Relatively few patients with RARS have either low platelet mass (<0.60 mL/L, 8%) or intermediate platelet mass (0.60-1.20 ml/L, 12%) as defined by Bowles et al. While the platelet mass was indeed predictive of survival (p<0.0001), this was due entirely to the platelet count, and there was no additional information from the MPV. Conclusion: The IPSS is an excellent predictor of survival in pts with RARS, and the quantitative platelet count adds independent information. The MPV has no additional effect on survival in patients with RARS.
‘Startling; Nay, Almost Repulsive’: Light Effects and Nascent Sensation in John Everett Millais’s The Rescue

AbstractTaking Pre-Raphaelite painter John Everett Millais’s The Rescue (1855) as a case study of shifting aesthetic and moral frameworks, the essay investigates the ways in which mid-century British debates regarding the proper representation of light effects illuminate anxieties about a physically embodied viewer, one who encountered pictures in individualized ways that required regulation and guidance. Represented light, as an element that had a measurable effect on the senses, clearly stimulated a physical response and therefore brought the body to the fore in the art encounter. Types of painting that forcefully engaged the somatic self could become suspect and consequently subject to a process by which they were designated as ‘sensation’, a category in fraught relation with the disappearing ‘sublime’. Combining close visual analysis, a discussion of The Rescue’s novel subject matter, remarks by its first beholders, and nineteenth-century aesthetic theory, the article reflects on the ways in which dis...
Exploiting surface consistency for surface-wave characterization and mitigation — Part 1: Theory and 2D examples

ABSTRACTWe have developed a new tomographic inversion method that is able to determine the properties of complex surface waves, which are multimodal and heterogeneous. These properties can be used to generate a detailed near-surface earth model or to predict and remove the surface waves, while protecting reflection signals even with aliased data. The inversion assumes plane-wave physics and generates surface-consistent model parameters as a function of frequency. In this paper, we validate our method with 2D models and data. In a companion paper, we demonstrate its application to 3D data. Inversion for a single mode is linear, but the linearity does not hold at higher frequencies, where multiple modes interfere. However, single-mode inversion results can be used to create a starting model for the subsequent nonlinear multimode tomography. The resulting velocity-frequency grid has greater resolution compared with a beam-forming method. The dispersion curves can be used as input to a subsequent standard 1D ...
A case of chronic hypomagnesemia in a cancer survivor.

ABSTRACTObjectives: Hypomagnesemia is common among hospitalized patients, particularly those who are critically ill. It can be associated with a number of potentially life-threatening cardiovascular, neurological and behavioral manifestations. As opposed to acute, chronic hypomagnesemia is often underdiagnosed and underreported and as such may pose a diagnostic and therapeutic problem.Case presentation: We describe a case of magnesium wasting in a middle-aged woman with head and neck cancer who presented with recurrent syncopal episodes complicated by a femur fracture 4 months after completing a course of carboplatin-containing chemotherapy. Fractional excretion of magnesium of 16% was consistent with renal wasting of magnesium. After ruling out all common causes of hypomagnesemia, it was concluded that she sustained carboplatin-induced renal tubular damage making her relatively resistant to magnesium supplementation.Conclusion: Several antineoplastic agents have been linked to chronic hypomagnesemia incl...
Quantitative Nucleotide Level Analysis of Regulation of Translation in Response to Depolarization of Cultured Neural Cells

Studies on regulation of gene expression have contributed substantially to understanding mechanisms for the long-term activity-dependent alterations in neural connectivity that are thought to mediate learning and memory. Most of these studies, however, have focused on the regulation of mRNA transcription. Here, we utilized high-throughput sequencing coupled with ribosome footprinting to globally characterize the regulation of translation in primary mixed neuronal-glial cultures in response to sustained depolarization. We identified substantial and complex regulation of translation, with many transcripts demonstrating changes in ribosomal occupancy independent of transcriptional changes. We also examined sequence-based mechanisms that might regulate changes in translation in response to depolarization. We found that these are partially mediated by features in the mRNA sequence-notably upstream open reading frames and secondary structure in the 5' untranslated region-both of which predict downregulation in response to depolarization. Translationally regulated transcripts are also more likely to be targets of FMRP and include genes implicated in autism in humans. Our findings support the idea that control of mRNA translation plays an important role in response to neural activity across the genome.
A Skinner Box Recorder for the Blind Student

Two audio oscillators, of different pitches, were wired to a tape recorder to give a permanent record of rate of bar pressing.
Business school learning goals: Alignment with evidence-based models and accreditation standards

Programmatic learning goals serve as the foundation for an educational institution’s curriculum design and assurance of learning processes. The purpose of our study is to determine the relevance or alignment of undergraduate business school learning goals. We identify the learning goals of US undergraduate business programs accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business-International (AACSB) and determine the extent to which the goals are aligned with (a) evidence-based competencies that are needed for managerial success (including the ‘Great Eight’ and the ‘hyperdimensional taxonomy’) and (b) content areas identified in AACSB’s Eligibility Procedures and Accreditation Standards for Business Accreditation. We found that learning goals conform to AACSB Standards and evidence-based managerial competencies, but goals are most closely aligned with AACSB Standards, followed by the Great Eight, and the hyperdimensional taxonomy, respectively. We discuss the implications of our findings with respect to business schools’ assurance of learning processes and provide recommendations for AACSB, business schools, the broader academy, and future research.
Numerical Analysis of Blood Flow Through Discrete Stenosis: Role of Eccentricity and Spacing Ratio

Stenosis or narrowing of arteries induces a turbulent flow region downstream. Multiple stenosis may lead to flow interference and further disturb the blood flow. This has important clinical implications [1], such as disturbed blood flow and flow recirculation which were correlated with the development of atherosclerosis by upregulating the endothelial cells genes and proteins that cause atherogenesis [2]. Numerical simulation of concentric stenoses by Lee et al [3] have shown that the recirculation zone following the first concentric stenosis affected the flow field at the downstream of the second one, which was dependent on the spacing ratio and degree of stenosis. However, the majority of stenosis is eccentric [2] and the detailed fluid dynamics of multiple stenoses with eccentric constrictions is lacking. The aim of this study is to investigate the interactions between double stenoses with eccentricity using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The role of spacing ratio on the recirculation zone and turbulence intensity (TI) were characterized and also compared to concentric cases.Copyright © 2017 by ASME
Entrapment of Prostate Cancer Circulating Tumor Cells with a Sequential Size-Based Microfluidic Chip

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are broadly accepted as an indicator for early cancer diagnosis and disease severity. However, there is currently no reliable method available to capture and enumerate all CTCs as most systems require either an initial CTC isolation or antibody-based capture for CTC enumeration. Many size-based CTC detection and isolation microfluidic platforms have been presented in the past few years. Here we describe a new size-based, multiple-row cancer cell entrapment device that captured LNCaP-C4-2 prostate cancer cells with >95% efficiency when in spiked mouse whole blood at ∼50 cells/mL. The capture ratio and capture limit on each row was optimized and it was determined that trapping chambers with five or six rows of micro constriction channels were needed to attain a capture ratio >95%. The device was operated under a constant pressure mode at the inlet for blood samples which created a uniform pressure differential across all the microchannels in this array. When the cancer cells d...
Intramuscular Midazolam, Olanzapine, Ziprasidone, or Haloperidol for Treating Acute Agitation in the Emergency Department.

Study objective Agitation in the emergency department (ED) can pose a threat to patient and provider safety; therefore, treatment is indicated. The purpose of this study is to compare haloperidol, olanzapine, midazolam, and ziprasidone to treat agitation. Methods This was a prospective observational study of consecutive patients receiving intramuscular medication to treat agitation in the ED. Medications were administered according to an a priori protocol in which the initial medication given was predetermined in the following 3-week blocks: haloperidol 5 mg, ziprasidone 20 mg, olanzapine 10 mg, midazolam 5 mg, and haloperidol 10 mg. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients adequately sedated at 15 minutes, assessed with the Altered Mental Status Scale. Results Seven hundred thirty-seven patients were enrolled (median age 40 years; 72% men). At 15 minutes, midazolam resulted in a greater proportion of patients adequately sedated (Altered Mental Status Scale Conclusion Intramuscular midazolam achieved more effective sedation in agitated ED patients at 15 minutes than haloperidol, ziprasidone, and perhaps olanzapine. Olanzapine provided more effective sedation than haloperidol. No differences in adverse events were identified.
All’s Not Well on the Marketing Frontlines: Understanding the Challenges of Adverse Technology–Consumer Interactions☆

The dominant worldview among marketers is one of technology optimism, which holds that technological advances influence consumers and businesses in positive ways. In direct contrast to this perspective, I advance the thesis that at the organizational frontlines where marketers interact with consumers by observing, informing, persuading, negotiating and co-creating with, and entertaining them, technology commonly produces unforeseen and unexpected effects on consumers with significant negative implications for marketers. The result is Adverse Technology-Consumer Interactions (ATCIs). Marketing practitioners play an instrumental role in producing and exacerbating ATCIs. Yet, I argue they have few incentives to fully investigate the underlying reasons, understand their scope, or find solutions to these potentially troublesome phenomena. Academic researchers, however, are uniquely poised to identify ATCIs, investigate them in depth by considering their industry-wide and society-wide import, develop appropriate theoretical frameworks, and design and test solutions to alleviate their effects. I develop these ideas by considering two ATCIs, falling response rates to customer surveys and customer reactance to frequent price changes. I also point out promising research opportunities for both these phenomena.
Reducing Uncertainty Allowance in Core Limits Calculations

To provide adequate margin between the operating state and the core safety limits, allowance for calculational uncertainties is incorporated in the reactor core operating limits. In practice, these uncertainties are estimated by comparing calculations of the limits with benchmark calculations and/or measurements. The resulting uncertainty estimates include the uncertainties of the benchmark and are overly conservative when the benchmark uncertainties are large. An exact statistical method for subtracting the benchmark uncertainty and determining reduced best-estimate calculational uncertainties is derived. The method is applied to the determination of the upper tolerance (confidence) limit on the calculational uncertainty required in core limits analyses.
Combining Monaural and Binaural Evidence for Reverberant Speech Segregation

Most existing binaural approaches to speech segregation rely on spatial filtering. In environments with minimal reverberation and when sources are well separated in space, spatial filtering can achieve excellent results. However, in everyday environments performance degrades substantially. To address these limitations, we incorporate monaural analysis within a binaural segregation system. We use monaural cues to perform both local and across frequency grouping of mixture components, allowing for a more robust application of spatial filtering. We propose a novel framework in which we combine monaural grouping evidence and binaural localization evidence in a linear model for the estimation of the ideal binary mask. Results indicate that with appropriately designed features that capture both monaural and binaural evidence, an extremely simple model achieves a signal-to-noise ratio improvement of up to 3.6 dB relative to using spatial filtering alone. Index Terms: Speech segregation, binaural localization, monaural grouping, linear model
On the Stability of Boundary Element Methods for Integral Equations of the First Kind

A larger class of two-dimensional elliptic boundary value problems in elasticity and fluid mechanics can be reduced to systems of boundary integral equations of the first kind. This paper is concerned with the stability analysis of boundary element methods for treating such a class of integral equations. In particular, the problem of ill-posedness, the optimal rate of convergence, and its connection with Tikhonov regularization procedure will be discussed.
Properties of Holograms

Some features of holograms, when they were first described in the literature, were considered so surprising that numerous expressions of disbelief were voiced publicly; a few examples of such questioning will be included in the following discussion of hologram properties. Probably the most spectacular characteristic of holograms, and the one undoubtedly responsible for the tremendous popular interest they have evoked, is their ability to create an extremely realistic illusion of three dimensions.
Cyanobacteria as photoautotrophic biofactories of high-value chemicals

Abstract Cyanobacteria were the first organisms to use oxygenic photosynthesis for converting carbon dioxide into useful organic chemicals. However, the chemical industry has historically relied on fossil raw materials to produce organic precursors and this has highly contributed to the current alarming levels of atmospheric CO2. Thus, cyanobacteria have emerged as an alternative to couple solar energy with biotechnological production. This review presents the potential application of cyanobacteria as solar biofactories of valuable chemicals. Here, the photoautotrophic metabolism is described as an integrated production process, in which fixated CO2 and N2 are essential raw materials processed through primary and secondary metabolic reactions powered by light-derived chemical energy. Large scale application of cyanobacterial biofactories is still a technical challenge due to low yields and commoditization of biotechnological products. However, the development of feasible cyanobacterial biofactories can be enhanced through synthetic biology efforts relying on the natural ability of cyanobacteria to synthesize carbohydrates and peptides. Among these, sugars, phycobiliproteins, cyanophycin and diverse bioactive secondary metabolites are important from an economic point of view because they can be used as raw materials for specialty organic chemicals and drugs.
Insar Measurements of Subsidence and Rebound in California

InSAR measurements of subsidence caused by groundwater pumping allow monitoring of its effects on infrastructure and the aquifer system. Coupled with ancillary information on water levels in wells and subsurface geology, the possibility exists to predict areas susceptible to subsidence. Recent rains in California caused a pause, and even a reversal in some areas, of the subsidence that has plagued the Central Valley for decades. We are developing systems and information products that water resource managers and hydrologists can use to promote better management of this important resource.
Monitoring or Disclosure? The Role of Observability in Collaborative Projects

Many projects (such as innovation and new product development) often involve tight collaboration among several firms. The success of such initiatives depends on all firms committing resources and generating high quality outputs. We consider a setting with two firms engaging in a collaborative project and study two mechanisms by which one of the firms can increase the output observability in order to coordinate in both firms delivering high quality: monitoring the other firm's progress or disclosing her own progress to the other firm. We first develop normative predictions using game-theoretic models and find that when the project value is intermediate, a firm should choose monitoring; when the project value is high, she should be indifferent between monitoring and disclosure. To test the normative prediction, we conducted a laboratory experiment. We find that firms mostly choose monitoring regardless of the project value. However, choosing disclosure does not necessarily lead to a lower profit for a firm. In fact, when the project value is high, choosing disclosure has a higher profit potential than monitoring. This is due to a framing effect: the partner firm – who observes the progress of the firm who chooses to disclose – is willing to choose a higher quality. Overall, disclosure leads to higher profits for the partner firm, and is preferred by firms who are intrinsically surplus maximizers. This implies profitable opportunities for firms if they have a chance to choose the more open firms (who are prone to disclose their progress) as their project partners, ceteris paribus.
Retrospect and Prospect

In some countries in the East, a horoscope is usually made when a child is born. If it is a boy, the horoscope specifies how healthy and wealthy he will be or in the case of a girl, how beautiful she will be, what type of husband she will have, and whether she will prevail over the husband in the family.
Interventionen verbinden : Gastkapitel mit Daniel Perrin

Schreibtechniken sind Verdichtungen, Prototypen guter Praktiken. In Beratungen eignen sie sich fur lokale Interventionen: Die Auseinandersetzung mit solchen Schreibtechniken regt Schreibende, hier Aktienanalysten, an, ihre Repertoires an Praktiken zu erweitern und zu verfeinern. Solch lokale Interventionen wirken nachhaltiger in passenden Beratungsformaten.
The Utility of Heart Rate Variability in Mindfulness Research

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a physiological marker of health with higher values representing a more efficient autonomic nervous system (ANS), which is responsible for maintaining and regulating the body’s organs. Higher HRV is also associated with self-regulation and skills necessary to manage thoughts, emotions, and goals. HRV theoretically overlaps with neurobiological mechanisms associated with mindfulness training, particularly those located in neural regions involved in self-regulation. Due to this association, HRV has become an increasingly utilized biomarker in mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) research. Yet, the utility of HRV in MBI research has not been thoroughly examined nor substantiated. In this scoping review, we aim to determine how HRV has been assessed and analyzed in the MBI literature. We attempt to synthesize relevant findings while highlighting variability in the assessment of HRV across MBI studies. We conducted a search of Google Scholar, PsycINFO, and PubMed databases, which yielded 17 original MBI studies (11 experimental and 6 quasi-experimental) that included HRV assessment. Among the more rigorously designed and executed studies, we identified an increase in HRV reactivity (corresponding to adaptive changes of HRV in response to a task/stressor) following implementation of an MBI among non-clinical samples. Although review findings support the utility of HRV as an objective biomarker capable of demonstrating MBI effects, more research is needed to address the high variability in methods across studies. We discuss major limitations and offer recommendations for future research utilizing HRV measurement in MBI research trials.
Molecular Simulations of Mg2+-induced Folding of the Central Domain of the 16S Ribosomal RNA

The central domain of the 16S ribosomal RNA folds independently driven either by Mg2+ ions or by interaction with a ribosomal protein. In order to provide a quantitative description of ion-induced folding of the ~350 nucleotide RNA, we carried out extensive simulations using the coarse-grained Three Interaction Site (TIS) model with explicit Mg2+ ions at a fixed K+ ion concentration typically used in the Tris buffer. The Mg2+ dependence of the radius of gyration shows that globally the RNA folds cooperatively. However, various structural elements order at different Mg2+ concentrations, indicative of the hierarchical assembly even within a single domain of the rRNA. Binding of Mg2+ ions is highly specific with successive ion condensation resulting in increasing tertiary structure formation. We also predict the Mg2+-dependent protection factors, measurable in hydroxyl radical footprinting experiments, which corroborate the specificity of Mg2+-induced folding. As a byproduct of the simulations, we provide a molecular basis of the structural rearrangements in the three-way junction in the intact central domain whose folding in isolation has been studied experimentally. In accord with experiments, we find that the three coplanar helices (h20, h21, and h22) with ~120° interhelical angles at low Mg2+ concentration undergo a large conformational transition to a state in which h21 and h22 are coaxially stacked, and h20 forms an acute angle with h21 at high Mg2+ concentration. The angle distributions are broad even at high Mg2+ concentrations attesting to the assembly heterogeneity. Most of our results are predictions that could be tested.
Rethinking Anna Halprin’s Parades and Changes: Postmodern Dance, Racialized Urban Restructuring, and Mid-1960s San Francisco

While choreographer Anna Halprin’s work has been characterized as embodying the cultural ethos of the New Left, it is also aligned with the race and class interests that spearheaded urban renewal i...
Influence of brand experience on customer inspiration and pro-environmental intention

This study aims to examine the potential predictors of customers’ pro-environmental intention based on the Stimulus–Organism–Response framework. PLS-SEM was used to tests the hypotheses using a sam...
Artificial intelligence (AI) in augmented reality (AR)-assisted manufacturing applications: a review

Augmented reality (AR) has proven to be an invaluable interactive medium to reduce cognitive load by bridging the gap between the task-at-hand and relevant information by displaying information wit...
Abstract P091: Reasons For Uncontrolled Blood Pressure Among US Adults

Introduction: In October 2020, the US Surgeon General issued a Call to Action on hypertension control. We investigated the contribution of lack of awareness, not taking antihypertensive medication ...
Extended Retrosigmoid Craniotomy and Approach Through the Glossopharyngeal Cochlear Triangle for Clipping of a High-Riding Vertebral-Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

The far lateral transcondylar (FL) craniotomy is the standard approach for posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysm exposure through microsurgical dissection in the vagoaccessory triangle (VAT).1,2 However, the extended retrosigmoid (eRS) craniotomy and dissection through the glossopharyngeal-cochlear triangle (GCT) may be more appropriate when the patient has an aneurysm arising from a high-riding vertebral artery (VA)-PICA origin.3-5 We present a case of a 41-yr-old woman with hypertension presenting with left occipital pain and left-side hearing loss and past facial spasm and pain. Computed tomography angiography and digital subtraction angiography demonstrated an unruptured 8.4 × 9.0 × 10.2 mm saccular aneurysm at the left VA-PICA junction. Surgical clipping was chosen over endovascular therapy given the relationship of the PICA origin to the aneurysm neck as well as the history of cranial neuropathy. It was noted that the VA-PICA junction and aneurysm was high-riding at the level of the internal auditory canal. An eRS craniotomy was performed with dissection through the GCT, and the aneurysm was clipped as shown in the accompanying 2-dimensional operative video. Postoperative angiography demonstrated complete occlusion of the aneurysm and patency of the left VA and PICA without stenosis, and the patient had a favorable postoperative course although her left-sided hearing remained diminished. The eRS craniotomy allowed direct exposure via the GCT for clipping of the high-riding VA-PICA junction aneurysm and decompression of the cranial nerves. The traditional FL craniotomy and exposure through the VAT would likely have resulted in a less desirable inferior trajectory. The patient gave informed consent for the operation depicted in the video. Animation at 2:43 in video is used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
How to Combine Investment Signals in Long/Short Strategies - Insights from Simulations and Empirical Analyses

We analyse the relative advocacy of competing approaches for the combination of investment signals in long/short portfolios. Specifically we study if it is preferable to (1) calculate weights for individual signals and then combine those weights (Mixed); or (2) combine signals and then calculate weights (Integrated). In our analysis we contrast insights obtained through a conceptual theoretical angle in simulations with a concrete application of Mixed and Integrated using empirical data to gain a broader perspective on the results. In both frameworks we find no meaningful performance differences between the methodologies. Transaction costs for the portfolio containing the combined signal are not significantly different between the two methodologies as long as trades are netted.
Social behavioral profiling by unsupervised deep learning reveals a stimulative effect of dopamine D3 agonists on zebrafish sociality

It has been a major challenge to systematically evaluate and compare how pharmacological perturbations influence social behavioral outcomes. Although some pharmacological agents are known to alter social behavior, precise description and quantification of such effects have proven difficult. The complexity of brain functions regulating sociality makes it challenging to predict drug effects on social behavior without testing in live animals, and most existing behavioral assays are low-throughput and provide only unidimensional readouts of social function. To achieve richer characterization of drug effects on sociality, we developed a scalable social behavioral assay for zebrafish named ZeChat based on unsupervised deep learning. High-dimensional and dynamic social behavioral phenotypes are automatically classified using this method. By screening a neuroactive compound library, we found that different classes of chemicals evoke distinct patterns of social behavioral fingerprints. By examining these patterns, we discovered that dopamine D3 agonists possess a social stimulative effect on zebrafish. The D3 agonists pramipexole, piribedil, and 7-hydroxy-DPAT-HBr rescued social deficits in a valproic acid-induced zebrafish autism model. The ZeChat platform provides a promising approach for dissecting the pharmacology of social behavior and discovering novel social-modulatory compounds.
Quaker Events for Young People: Informal Education and Faith Transmission

This article examines Quaker events for young people and explores the nature of these events through examination of official policies, questionnaires and observation at events. It examines the purposes of Quaker events for young people as described by official policies and by youth work practitioners and examines the significance of these events in the lives of adolescent Quakers. Quaker events for young people are analysed in comparison with the values and principles of 'informal education'. Contrasts are drawn between Quaker events for young people and Christian youth work. This article also explores the nature of faith transmission at Quaker events for young people and argues that Quaker events for young people are the most effective method of faith transmission for adolescent Quakers.
An Eye-tracking Study on the Role of Attention and its Relationship with Motivation

This study aimed to assess whether attentional allocation to direct object pronouns in L2 Spanish was influenced by external or internal manipulations of attention and whether these manipulations caused learning of the form. Attention was measured by fixation duration and skipping rate on the pronouns, and learning was measured with a sentence interpretation task. Results provided empirical evidence that both types of manipulations direct attention to target forms, but in different ways, and bring about learning. In addition to examining the role of attention, the present study examined how different types of motivation, (i.e., integrative, intrinsic and extrinsic) were related to both attentional allocation and learning and found that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation were related to different attentional manipulations. Results are informative for models of L2 acquisition that posit a role for attention, instructed L2 acquisition and L2 motivation research.
Evaluation of commercial deer repellents on ornamentals in nurseries.

Abstract The efficacy of several new commercial deer repellents in a nursery setting was evaluated from October through March. Repellents evaluated were Deer-Away™, Tree Guard™, Holly Ridge, Bobbex™, and Deer-Off™. Damage was evaluated on yew (Taxus x media L. ‘Densiformis’, Taxus x media Rehd. ‘Nigra’, Taxus baccata Rehd., and Taxus baccata L. ‘Repandens’), holly (Ilex x meserveae S.Y Hu ‘Blue Princess’ and Ilex x meserveae S.Y Hu ‘China Girl’) and Juniper (Juniperus chinensis L. ‘Keteleeri’). Plots received between 0% and 96% deer browse damage. Both Deer Away™ and Holly Ridge significantly reduced browsing. Tree Guard™ and Deer Off™ reduced browsing when feeding intensity was low.
MOMENTUM, ENERGY AND DRAG COEFFICIENTS FOR ICE‐COVERED RIVERS

A lack of reliable hydraulic parameters has been a main factor hindering the progress in predicting ice-covered river flows; the predictions need input hydraulic parameters such as the energy, momentum and drag coefficients (α, β and CD). In this paper, a large volume of winter measurements of flow velocity collected from 26 ice-covered rivers is analysed to determine the coefficients. Using cross-sectionally distributed streamwise velocities, α and β are evaluated directly. They are also derived from empirical relationships. For both the riverbed and ice cover, CD is evaluated on the basis of turbulent boundary-layer theory and the quadratic law for friction. The results show that ice-covered river flows feature a number of velocity distributions: a single core of high velocities in the thalweg, a single core of high velocities off the thalweg and multiple cores of relatively high velocities at the cross section. The velocity distributions are significantly non-uniform. Direct evaluations give overall averages of α = 1.23 and β = 1.08. They represent 22% and 8.3% corrections to the literature values (overestimates). An examination of the velocity distributions reveals that the ratio of the maximum velocity to the cross-sectionally averaged velocity equals 1.356. It is recommended that values of CD = 0.004 ± 0.0005 and 0.002 ± 0.0005 be used for the riverbed and ice, respectively. This paper discusses turbulence shear stress and the associated length scale in the boundary layer as well as winter discharges. The results have applications to aquatic ecology, water resources development and flood prevention. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recognition of Labor Unions in a Comparative Context: Has the United Kingdom Entered a New ERA?

The United Kingdom’s experience with collective rights in the workplace has lived in its own niche, distinguishable from both the European and American experiences.1 Specifically, British labor and employment law has traditionally been based upon the notion that employers and employees should be free to bargain over terms and conditions of employment without any legal interference.2 On the other hand, American private sector trade unionism is governed by a substantial statutory scheme, namely, the National Labor Relations Act (“NLRA”).3 The NLRA arose at a time of social unrest, “and was based on a recognized need to redress the fundamental inequality of bargaining power between labor and management.”4 The overarching pillars of the NLRA, which is administered by the National Labor Relations Board (“NLRB” or the “Board”), are “majority rule in an appropriate unit through a system of exclusive bargaining representative status for the union which prevails through a ballot conducted by the
A look to the past to avoid old traps in the future

During the period 1987-1996 Mobil worldwide did not discover the volumes of oil and gas that their explorers predicted. In some years the total discovery volumes were significantly less than predicted. The main reason for this was subsequently found to be an over-estimation of bulk rock volume in the exploration prospects prior to drilling. New prospect guidelines have been introduced in Mobil to address this problem, including the use of a lognormal distribution to represent the uncertainty in rock volume distribution prior to drilling. Analysis of recent discoveries, following introduction of these guidelines, shows that the explorers can now more accurately provide management with an estimate of future discovery volumes.
College eBusiness Programs

Abstract With eBusiness becoming the norm for many business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) transactions, companies are eager to hire trained eBusiness specialists and/or to locate in areas which can provide a pool of skilled eBusiness professionals. Schools of Business all over the country are beefing up their eBusiness offerings to fulfill student and industry demands. This paper describes the burgeoning need for eBusiness professionals and provides an overview of eBusiness programs offered by colleges and universities. The paper also compares the way three different institutions of higher learning in a midwestern community are answering the call for eBusiness programs and describes in more detail the program that is currently the most complete.
Wavelet based time-varying linear system modeling and adaptive filtering

It is shown how time-varying systems can be modeled in several different ways by discrete-time wavelets. Interpretation of physical meanings, possible efficiency and other characteristics of the modeling are considered. System identification minimizing the mean square output error is studied. Optimal coefficients and the corresponding minimum MS error are found and they are time-varying. A least-mean-square adaptive filtering algorithm is derived for on-line filtering and system identification. Theoretically and by simulations the advantages of using wavelet-based filtering are shown: separation of adaptation effects from unknown time-varying system behavior and fast convergence. Adaptive coefficients estimated by a recursive-least-square algorithm can tend towards constants. >
Maximum power estimation for CMOS circuits using deterministic and statistic approaches

Excessive instantaneous power consumption in VLSI circuits may reduce the reliability and performance of VLSI chips. Hence, to synthesize circuits with high reliability, it is essential to efficiently obtain a precise estimation of the maximum power dissipation. However, due to the inherent input-pattern dependence of the problem, it is intractable to conduct an exhaustive search for circuits with a large number of primary inputs. Hence, the practical approach is to generate a tight lower bound and an upper bound for maximum power dissipation within a reasonable amount of CPU time. In this paper, instead of using the traditional simulation-based techniques, we propose a novel approach to obtain a lower bound of the maximum power consumption using Automatic Test Generation (ATG) technique. Experiments with MCNC and ISCAS-85 benchmark circuits show that our approach generates the lower bound with the quality which cannot be achieved using simulation-based techniques. In addition, a Monte Carlo based technique to estimate maximum power dissipation is described. It not only serves as a comparison version for our ATG approach, but also generates a metric to measure the quality of a lower bound from a statistical point of view.
MONKEYS. African Species

Book reviewed in this article: Baboon Films: Baboon Behavior. By I. DEVORE. Baboon Ecology I. DEVORE. Baboon Social Organization I. DEVORE. The Baboon Troop I. DEVORE. Dynamics of Male Dominance in a Baboon Troop I. DEVORE. Observing Baboons from a Vehicle, Evening Activity I. DEVORE. Animals in Amboseli. By I. DEVORE. Older Infant: Four Months to One Year. By I. DEVORE. Younger Infant: Birth to Four Months. By I. DEVORE.
The Learning Theory Jungle

This paper explores the myriad of pedagogical and andragogical issues facing university educators in the student learning process, and focuses on how the proliferation of learning theories do not all apply to the adult learner.
Relationship between Availability of NMDA Receptor Subunits and Their Expression at the Synapse

The effect of increasing the expression of NMDA subunits in cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) by transfection was studied to determine how the availability of various NMDA subunits controls both the total pool of functional receptors and the synaptic pool. Overexpression of either NR2A or NR2B, but not splice variants of NR1, by transfection caused a significant increase in the total number of functional NMDA receptors and in surface NR1 subunit cluster density in CGCs in primary culture. These data solidify the central role of NR2 subunit availability in determining the number of cell surface receptors. Overexpression of either NR2A or NR2B significantly altered the deactivation kinetics of NMDA-mediated miniature EPSCs (NMDA-mEPSCs). However, there was no significant effect of NR2 subunit overexpression on the mEPSC amplitude or single-channel conductance. NR2 subunit overexpression did not change the rate of block by MK-801 of NMDA-mediated currents in excised patches from CGCs, indicating that subunit composition does not regulate peak open probability of the channel in CGCs. With the overexpression of a mutant of NR2B lacking the PDZ binding domain, there was an increase in the total number of NMDA receptors without a change in mEPSC kinetics. Therefore, the entry of NMDA receptors into the synapse requires a PDZ binding domain and is limited by means other than receptor subunit availability.
Unitary Bioresorbable Cage/Core Bone Graft Substitutes for Spinal Arthrodesis Coextruded from Polycaprolactone Biocomposites

A unitary bioresorbable cage/core bone graft substitute consisting of a stiff cage and a softer core with interconnected porosity is offered for spinal arthrodesis. Polycaprolactone, PCL, was used as the matrix and hydroxyapatite, HA, and β-tricalcium phosphate, TCP, were used in the formulation of the cage layer to impart modulus increase and osteoconductivity while the core consisted solely of PCL. The crystallinity, biodegradation rate (under accelerated conditions) and mechanical properties, i.e., the uniaxial compression, relaxation modulus upon step compression and cyclic compressive fatigue properties, of the co-extruded cage/core bone graft substitutes could be manipulated by changes in the concentration of HA/TCP in the cage layer. The cyclic fatigue behavior of the cage/core bone graft substitutes were also compared to the behavior of bovine vertebral cancellous bone characterized under similar testing conditions. The biocompatibility of the cage/core bone graft substitutes were assessed via in vitro culturing of human bone marrow derived stromal cells, BMSCs. The cell proliferation rates, time dependencies of the alkaline phosphates (ALP) activity and the expressions of bone markers, i.e., Runx2, ALP, collagen type I, osteopontin and osteocalcin, and the collected μ-CT images demonstrated the differentiation of BMSCs via osteogenic lineage and formation of mineralized bone tissue to indicate the biocompatibility of the cage/core bone graft substitutes.
Radiation therapy for unresectable rectal cancer

The standard approach to patients with unresectable rectal cancer is pre-op radiation therapy followed by surgery. To determine the impact of RT on local failure and survival, we present an analysis of our preliminary results of this approach in patients with unresectable rectal cancer. A total of 22 patients were analyzed (9 primary, 13 recurrent). The median follow-up was 22 months. There were two groups of patients. Group 1 included 12 patients with unresectable tumors in whom surgery was planned following pre-operative radiation therapy. Group 2 included 10 patients in whom no surgery was planned following radiation therapy due to extensive pelvic bone destruction. The whole pelvis received 4680 cGy followed by a boost of 360-1440 cGy. Six underwent brachytherapy. For the total patient group, the 3-year actuarial survival was 52% (Group 1: 91% vs Group 2: 30%). Patterns of failure as a component of failure were: local failure (or local progression): 50%, abdominal: 23%, and distant: 9%. The dose of pelvic radiation had no significant impact on the local failure rate (5040 cGy: 55% vs greater than 5700 cGy:45%). None of the seven patients with negative margins developed local failure compared with 73% of those with positive margins. The complete resection rate in Group 1 patients was 58%, and all are alive without local failure. Further follow-up will be needed to determine the ultimate local failure and survival rates.
Performance Study of Various Sparse Representation Methods Using Redundant Frames

Sparse representations have recently received wide attention because of their numerous potential applications. In this paper, we consider sparse representations of signals with at most L non-zero coefficients using a frame F of size M in CN. We bound the average distortion of such a representation for any arbitrary frame F by a numerical lower bound that is only a function of the sparsity epsiv = L/N of the representation, and the redundancy (r-1) = M/N-1 of F. This numerical lower bound is shown to be much stronger than the analytical and asymptotic bounds of in low dimensions (e.g. N = 6,8, 10), but it is much less straightforward to compute. We then study the performance of randomly generated frames with respect to this numerical lower bound, and to the analytical and asymptotic bounds. When the optimal sparse representation algorithm is used, it is observed that randomly generated frames perform about 2 dB away from the theoretical lower bound in low dimensions. We use the greedy orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm to study the performance of randomly generated frames in higher dimensions. For small values of epsiv, randomly generated frames using OMP perform close to the lower bound and the results suggest that the loss of the sub-optimal search using orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm grows as a function of epsiv. As N grows, a concentration phenomenon for the performance of randomly generated frames about their average is observed in all cases, even when using the OMP algorithm.