cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metal chelating amino acids in the design of peptides and proteins. Synthesis of Nα-Fmoc/But protected amino acids incorporating aminodiacetic acid moiety.

Abstract The synthesis of Fmoc/But protected amino acid chelators 14, 15, 16 and 24 is described with respect to their Boc/Bzl derivatives, the title compounds offer synthetic advantage: peptide Ac-Ada(1)-Ala3-Ada(1)-Ala4-Glu-Lys-NH2 was assembled by Solid PPS in 74.2% yield.
Using Mole Ratios of Electrolytic Products of Water for Analysis of Household Vinegar: An Experiment for the Undergraduate Physical Chemistry Laboratory

A simple 3-h physical chemistry undergraduate experiment for the quantitative analysis of acetic acid in household vinegar is presented. The laboratory experiment combines titration concept with electrolysis and an application of the gas laws. A vinegar sample was placed in the cathode compartment of the electrolysis cell. Electrolysis of water generated OH–(aq) in the cathode compartment. Acetic acid in the vinegar sample was neutralized by electrolytically generated OH–(aq). Phenolphthalein was used as a visual indicator to detect the end point of the titration. The volume of O2(g) produced at the anode was monitored. The amount of OH–(aq) produced at the cathode was determined from the volume of O2(g) produced at the anode. The amount of acetic acid present in the sample was determined from the mole relationships between H+(aq), OH–(aq), and O2(g). The concentration of acetic acid in household vinegar was determined to be 4.8%. The experimentally determined percentage of acetic acid was in agreement with the manufacturer’s label and the volumetric titration results. The electrolysis cell was directly powered by a 9 V battery. Preparation of an electrolysis cell, experimental procedure, and results of the electrolytic titration are presented.
The information content of annual general meetings: a price and trading volume analysis

Abstract This study provides empirical evidence regarding the effect of U.K.-based annual general meetings (AGMs) on security returns and investors’ trading behavior in the U.S. market. By conveying information about a firm’s economic activities, the AGM resolves some uncertainties about the future cash flows of the firm. If the information released during the AGM is relevant, the U.S. security market will respond to the released news through increased return volatility and abnormal levels of trading of the shares of the reporting firms. The findings suggest that the AGM reflects information useful to investors for U.K. firms. The pre-AGM returns are characterized by unusually small variances, which are attributable to the known and fixed nature of the AGM agenda. On the basis of price results, U.S. market participants find the AGM informative. On the other hand, the results do not support the notion that U.S. market participants are trading-based on this information. Since trading responses to a disclosure are generally more easily detected than price responses ( Cready and Hurtt, 1999 ), these findings jointly suggest that some U.S. investors may lack easy access to this overseas event.
Chromatographic and 1H NMR support for a proposed chiral recognition model

Abstract Liquid chromatography and 1 H NMR spectroscopy were used in an investigation of a chiral recognition rationale which was previously advanced to account for the resolution of naproxen (NAP-COOH) enantiomers on brush-type chiral stationary phases, CSP-1 and CSP-2 , identical except for tether length. CSP-1 has recently been commercialized as the Whelk-O 1. This chiral stationary phase (CSP), basically an immobilized enantiomer of N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)-4-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene, was designed to have a cleft in which one enantiomer is preferentially bound. The cleft consists of π-acidic and π-basic aromatic systems held more or less perpendicular to each other. Aromatic substituents in the analyte were expected to be held in this cleft by simultaneous face-to-face and face-to-edge π—π interactions. To ascertain whether analytes are truely bound in this cleft, NMR studies of mixtures of several naproxen-like analytes and chiral solvating agent 3 , a soluble version of the selector used in CSP-1 , were undertaken. Additional motivation for the study came from the observation that the enantiomers of NAP-COOH and NAP-COOMe elute in a different order than do the enantiomers of NAP-CONHMe, and NAP-CON(Me) 2 . This difference in the elution order of the amide derivatives with respect to the esters and free acid was not totally unexpected, for the chiral recognition hypothesis used in the design of the chiral selector allowed for such an eventuality. It was known from reciprocal chromatographic studies that the enantiomers of soluble analogs of the Whelk-O 1 CSP show different elution orders on naproxen-derived amide CSPs than they do on naproxen-derived esters CSPs. These data aided in formulation of the initial chiral recognition rationale. Evidence for the occurance of the specific molecular interactions suggested by this rational is provided by the presently described 1 H NMR study of the enantioselective complexation of the enantiomers of NAP-COOH, NAP-COOMe, NAP-CONHMe, and NAP-CON(Me) 2 by a single enantiomer of a soluble analog of the Whelk-O 1 CSP.
14-3-3ζ Mediates Integrin-induced Activation of Cdc42 and Rac PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN Ib-IX REGULATES INTEGRIN-INDUCED SIGNALING BY SEQUESTERING 14-3-3ζ

Integrin-induced cytoskeletal reorganizations are initiated by Cdc42 and Rac1 but little is known about mechanisms by which integrins activate these Rho GTPases. 14-3-3 proteins are adaptors implicated in binding and regulating the function and subcellular location of numerous signaling molecules. In platelets, the 14-3-3 zeta isoform interacts with the glycoprotein (GP) Ibalpha subunit of the adhesion receptor GP Ib-IX. In this study, we show that integrin-induced activation of Cdc42, activation of Rac, cytoskeletal reorganizations, and cell spreading were inhibited in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing full-length GP Ibalpha compared with GP Ibalpha lacking the 14-3-3 zeta binding site. Activation of Rho GTPases and cytoskeletal reorganizations were restored by expression of 14-3-3 zeta. Spreading in cells expressing truncated GP Ibalpha was inhibited by co-expressing a chimeric receptor containing interleukin 2 receptor alpha and GP Ibalpha cytoplasmic domain. These results identify a previously unrecognized function of 14-3-3 zeta, that of mediating integrin-induced signaling. They show that 14-3-3 zeta mediates Cdc42 and Rac activation. They also reveal a novel function of platelet GP Ib-IX, that of regulating integrin-induced cytoskeletal reorganizations by sequestering 14-3-3 zeta. Signaling across integrins initiates changes in cell behavior such as spreading, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, or cell division. Thus, introduction of the 14-3-3 zeta binding domain of GP Ibalpha into target cells might provide a method for regulating integrin-induced pathways in a variety of pathological conditions.
The Role of Default Risk in Determining the Market Reaction to Debt Announcements

The stock price reaction to straight debt announcements is examined by differentiating firms on the basis of any subsequent change in their overall default risk. Results indicate that firms that will within six months of straight debt announcements undergo debt rating downgrades experience significant negative abnormal stock returns at the time of the new debt announcements, while firms with bond ratings that are later upgraded exhibit significant positive abnormal returns. Multiple regression analysis shows these results to be robust to the influence of filing size, tax shield effects, relative pre-announcement long-term debt levels, and subordination effects.
Thermodynamics of mixed monolayer formation at the air—water interface

Abstract A new method of calculating the monomer—monolayer equilibrium compositions and the individual surfactant activity coefficients in the mixed monolayer is proposed for binary surfactant systems. The Gibbs—Duhem equation and the pseudo-phase separation model are used in the method, which requires only surface tension data as a function of total surfactant concentration at various molar ratios of the two surfactants. Comparison of results from the more rigorous Gibbs adsorption equation approach confirms the validity of this new technique, which requires less data to calculate thermodynamic parameters. A cationic/nonionic system and two anionic/nonionic surfactant systems have been investigated. The monomer—monolayer equilibrium compositions and surfactant component monolayer activity coefficients of the mixed systems obtained by the new method proposed here are almost identical to those calculated from the regular solution theory. The deviation from ideality of mixing for the monolayer is similar to that in the mixed micelle composed of the same surfactants.
Ancrod enhances the thrombolytic effect of streptokinase and urokinase.

Since thrombi continue to incorporate fibrin during lysis we tested the effect of pretreatment with ancrod, a defibrinating agent from Malaysian pit viper venom, on thrombolysis with urokinase and streptokinase. Thrombi were induced by copper-coils in the carotid arteries of the dogs, weighed after 1 hour and inserted into the femoral arteries of the same animals. They were then exposed for 15 min to iv boluses of streptokinase 10,000 U/kg, urokinase 10,000 U/kg and urokinase 25,000 U/kg with or without pretreatment with ancrod. Ancrod depleted fibrinogen within 5 min and enhanced the lytic effect of streptokinase from 25 +/- 8% to 59 +/- 13% (p less than .05), urokinase 10,000 U/kg from 16 +/- 11% to 66 +/- 18% (p less than .01) and urokinase 25,000 U/kg from 27 +/- 17% to 85 +/- 8% (p less than .001) of the initial thrombus weight. Ancrod itself did not activate plasminogen to plasmin. We conclude that ancrod enhances thrombolysis probably by depleting fibrinogen and preventing new fibrin incorporation into the thrombus during lysis.
Morphological stability of copper-silver multilayer thin films at elevated temperatures

The kinetics of breakdown of Cu-Ag polycrystalline multilayers during aging at elevated temperatures was investigated. Microlaminates with Cu:Ag layer thicknesses of 2:2, 1:4, 4:1, and 4:0.1 µm were aged for 10 minutes to 192 hours (t), at temperatures ranging from 700 to 900 K. The asdeposited microlaminates had a fine-grained columnar microstructure with well-defined interfaces. Upon annealing, the morphology evolved over three time regimes. In the first regime, the grains in each phase grew quickly to an apparent terminal size, which depended on both the layer thickness and annealing temperature. Next, grooves formed at the intersections of grain boundaries and layer interfaces and grew with a t0.25 dependence. The groove growth appeared to be independent of layer thickness and was approximately equal in Cu and Ag. The microlaminates started to break down in the third regime, as grain-boundary grooves on opposite sides of a layer bridged its thickness. Models for grain growth and grooving in thin films were modified for multilayer microlaminates and were shown to fit the experimental data reasonably well. This suggests that the terminal grain size is reached when groove drag overcomes the capillary forces driving grain growth, and that grooving kinetics are dominated by interfacial diffusion.
Violence against women associated with arrests for sex trade but not drug charges

The current study was designed to examine associations between gender-based violence and arrests due to sex trade or drug-related charges among a statewide sample of incarcerated women in Rhode Island. Incarcerated women were asked to participate in brief pre- and posttest surveys of their experiences of violence, sexual risk and substance use behaviors, as part of a study on the effectiveness of a family planning program in a state correctional facility; data from pretest surveys (N=447) were used for current analyses. Logistic regression analyses adjusted for demographics were used to assess significant associations between gender-based violence variables (i.e., adolescent intimate partner violence (IPV), adult IPV, childhood sexual assault (SA), adolescent SA, and adult SA) and arrests due to sex trade or drug-related charges. Significant relationships were observed between arrests for sex trade and adult SA (OR=2.1, 95%CI=1.2-3.6), adolescent IPV (OR=2.5, 95%CI=1.5-4.1), and adult IPV (OR=1.7, 95%CI=1.1-2.6); no significant associations were observed for drug-related charges. Findings from the current study demonstrate that experiences of gender-based violence are associated with arrests for sex trade but not drug-related charges. Interventions for incarcerated women are needed to consider and address history of victimization from gender-based violence and its relation to women's historic and future sex trade involvement.
Presented Abstracts from the Twenty-Fifth Annual Education Conference of the National Society of Genetic Counselors (Nashville, Tennessee, November 2006)

s have been arranged by the Abstract Committee into the following categories: I. Award Papers II. Adult III. Cancer IV. Counseling and Psychoscial Issues V. Education VI. Genetic Testing VII. Pediatrics VIII. Prenatal and Perinatal IX. Professional Issues
Lean and Performance: The Impact of Organizational Culture

The use of lean methods to drive sustainable competitive advantage has been a cornerstone of manufacturing strategy since the early 1980’s. Almost all manufacturing operations in industrialized eco...
Evaluating the triplet state photoreactivity of dissolved organic matter isolated by chromatography and ultrafiltration using an alkylphenol probe molecule

The triplet state photochemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolated by XAD and C-18 chromatography and tangential flow ultrafiltration (TFUF) was investigated using 2,4,6 trimethylphenol (TMP) as a molecular probe. Water samples were taken from an Arctic seep adjacent the Oksrukuyik River (OKS) on the north slope of Alaska, USA, where DOM is derived primarily from allochthonous material and from a eutrophic midlatitude wetland, Old Woman Creek (OWC), in northern Ohio, USA, where the DOM is formed from both allochthonous and autochthonous precursors. DOM-mediated TMP photolysis occurred for all samples, but was significantly faster in the OWC isolates. The method used to isolate DOM also influenced TMP photoreactivity, whereby the C-18 and XAD isolated material were typically more reactive than ultrafiltered DOM. Analysis of the isolates by spectroscopy revealed that the materials isolated by chromatography were relatively enriched in aromatic constituents, while the TFUF fraction had the lowest aromaticity based on molar absorptivity at 280 nm. The fluorescence index values revealed differences between OKS and OWC, but no discernable trends were observed among isolates. This study shows that both the manner in which DOM is isolated and the composition of its precursors will influence its triplet state photoreactivity.
3D pose estimation of bats in the wild

Vision-based methods have gained popularity as a tool for helping to analyze the behavior of bats. Though, for bats in the wild, there are still no tools capable of estimating and subsequently analyzing articulated 3D bat pose. We propose a model-based multi-view articulated 3D bat pose estimation framework for this novel problem. Key challenges include the large search space associated with articulated 3D pose, the ambiguities that arise from 2D projections of 3D bodies, and the low resolution image data we have available. Our method uses multi-view camera geometry and temporal constraints to reduce the state space of possible articulated 3D bat poses and finds an optimal set using a Markov Random Field based model. Our experiments use real video data of flying bats and gold-standard annotations by a bat biologist. Our results show, for the first time in the literature, articulated 3D pose estimates being generated automatically for video sequences of bats flying in the wild. The average differences in body orientation and wing joint angles, between estimates produced by our method and those based on gold-standard annotations, ranged from 16° – 21° (i.e., ≈ 17% – 23%) for orientation and 14° – 26° (i.e., ≈ 7%– 14%) for wing joint angles.
Erratum: Hepatorenal syndrome: Are we missing some prognostic factors? (Digestive Diseases and Sciences DOI: 10.1007/s10620-011-1861-1)

The online version of the original article can be found underdoi:10.1007/s10620-011-1861-1.M. Olivera-Martinez S. D’ SouzaSection of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,University of Nebraska Medical Center,983040 Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha, NE 69198-3040, USAe-mail: molivera@unmc.eduS. D’ Souzae-mail: sdsouza@unmc.eduH. SaylesDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska MedicalCenter, 983040 Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha, NE 69198-3040, USAe-mail: hsayles@unmc.eduR. VivekanandanSection of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska MedicalCenter, 983040 Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha, NE 69198-3040, USAe-mail: rvivekanandan@unmc.eduM. C. Florescu (&)Section of Nephrology, University of Nebraska Medical Center,983040 Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha, NE 69198-3040, USAe-mail: mﬂorescu@unmc.edu
A new explicit predictor–multicorrector high-order accurate method for linear elastodynamics

Abstract A new explicit predictor–multicorrector high-order accurate method is suggested for linear elastodynamics. The method is derived from the implicit high-order accurate method based on the time-continuous Galerkin method proposed earlier in our papers. The basic unknowns for the method are displacements and velocities; accelerations are not calculated. The explicit method uses a predictor–multicorrector technique with one or two passes in order to reach the fourth order of accuracy and has controllable numerical dissipation for the suppression of spurious high-frequency oscillations. In contrast to recently suggested explicit high-order accurate methods based on the time-discontinuous Galerkin method, the new method is more accurate (has a higher order of accuracy) and has better algorithmic properties (e.g., a higher-stability limit) at the same computational efforts. Presented numerical examples show the performance of the new method. The method appears to be competitive for medium- and long-term analysis when accuracy of numerical solutions arises an issue due to error accumulation.
Characterization of Chimeric Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus Genomes That Are Infectious in the Absence of Aminoacylation

Previous experiments have characterized the chimeric genome TYMC-TMVPSK, in which the 3'-tRNA-like structure of turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) was replaced by 3' sequences from tobacco mosaic virus. This genome accumulated in turnip protoplasts to a level about 3% of wild type, but was not infectious on plants. In the present study, TYMV sequences introduced into the anticodon loop and amino acid acceptor arm of the 3' region of this chimera led to three- to fourfold increases in viral accumulation. Two such modified chimeric genomes gave rise to stable infections in plants. After further passaging in plants and the accumulation of minor sequence changes in the 3' terminal region, the resultant viruses, TYMC-XX and TYMC-YY, were highly infectious. Viral accumulations in protoplasts were about 40% of wild type on the basis of coat protein levels, and virion yields in plants were about 0.1 mg/g leaf. Extensive assays failed to detect aminoacylation of these genomic RNAs in vitro, but they were active substrates for wheat germ. CCA nucleotidyltransferase. In separate experiments, the 3'-tRNA-like structure of TYMV RNA was replaced by the 3' terminal 96 nucleotides from erysimum latent tymovirus RNA, resulting in a genome that was infectious to plants (isolate TYMC-H). This chimeric virus produced similar symptoms and virion yield in plants as TYMC-XX and -YY, although accumulations of coat protein in protoplasts were 13% of wild type. The viral RNA was a poor substrate for CCA nucleotidyltransferase and could not be aminoacylated. TYMC-XX, -YY, and -H are the first TYMV replicons known to amplify efficiently and infect plants in the absence of aminoacylation. Their viability suggests that other properties can compensate for the absence of aminoacylation.
Understanding the microcrystal tests of three related phenethylamines: the ortho‐metallated (±)‐amphetamine formed with gold(III) chloride, and the tetrachloridoaurate(III) salts of (+)‐methamphetamine and (±)‐ephedrine

The ortho-metallation product of the reaction of (±)-amphetamine with gold(III) chloride, [D,L-2-(2-aminopropyl)phenyl-κ(2)N,C(1)]dichloridogold(III), [Au(C9H12N)Cl2], and the two salts resulting from crystallization of (+)-methamphetamine with gold(III) chloride, D-methyl(1-phenylpropan-2-yl)azanium tetrachloridoaurate(III), (C10H16N)[AuCl4], and of (±)-ephedrine with gold(III) chloride, D,L-(1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-yl)(methyl)azanium tetrachloridoaurate(III), (C10H16NO)[AuCl4], have different structures. The first makes a bidentate complex directly with a dichloridogold(III) group, forming a six-membered ring structure; the second and third each form a salt with [AuCl4](-) (each has two formula units in the asymmetric unit). The organic components are all members of the same class of stimulants that are prevalent in illicit drug use. These structures are important contributions to the understanding of the microcrystal tests for these drugs that have been employed for well over 100 years.
Food restriction reduces the blood pressure of the spontaneously hypertensive rat

Abstract Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKy) and Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats were fed a normal diet on an ad libitum basis or the normal diet was reduced by 35 per cent prior to, during, and after high blood pressure became established in SHR. Weight loss occurred in all animals at all ages and was associated with effective inhibition of the acute rise in blood pressure and the exacerbation of pre-existing elevated blood pressure. Weight loss after high blood pressure had become well established also caused reduction in blood pressure. The purported normotensive WKy rats developed high blood pressure. Weight loss was not as effective in reducing blood pressure in WKy as in SHR. These findings are construed to mean that reduced body weight will ameliorate the inexorable rise in the genetically-programmed high blood pressure of SHR if instituted prior to, during, but not after high blood pressure has become well established.
The neural substrates of spoken idiom comprehension

To examine the neural correlates of spoken idiom comprehension, we conducted an event-related functional MRI study with a ‘rapid sentence decision’ task. The spoken sentences were equally familiar but varied in degrees of ‘idiom figurativeness’. Our results show that ‘figurativeness’ co-varied with neural activity in the left ventral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which involved two different clusters: one cluster engaged Broca's area (Brodmann area, BA: 44 & 45) and adjacent regions (BA 11 & 47); the other cluster involved the superior and medial frontal gryrus (BA 8 & 9). Moreover, the comparison between unambiguous, explicit idiomatic and literal sentences revealed left-sided cluster activity in Broca's area and BA 46 & 47. The contrast between ambiguous idiomatic and literal sentences engaged the superior and medial of the frontal midline (BA 9 & 10), but with left-sided prevalence. Finally, we report a very consistent deactivation in the superior parietal cortex by explicit idiomatic sentences as co...
Approach to the Patient with Suspected Radiculopathy

Radiculopathy is a common neurologic disorder. Electrodiagnosis can provide a physiologic assessment of the localization, degree of axon loss, severity, and chronicity of the intraspinal canal lesion, and distinguish it from other neuromuscular disorders. This article reviews electrodiagnostic aspects related to evaluating patients with suspected radiculopathies.
Monte carlo calculation of multiple scattering effects in thermal neutron scattering experiments: Modification to slab geometry

Abstract The Monte Carlo program “MSCAT85” is used to calculate multiple scattering effects in thermal neutron scattering experiments. The standard sample geometry for this program is one or more cylinders normal to the scattering plane. We describe a subroutine which enables the user to perform calculations on spherically shaped samples.
Endoscopic mucosal resection of an Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma.

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) usually causes a life-long persistent infection of the B lymphocytes in 90 % of adults [1, 2]. EBV is oncogenic in the development of Burkitt lymphoma, immunosuppression-related lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Recently, EBV-associated gastric carcinomas were found to have a prevalence of 8.7 % and they tend to be located in the gastric cardia and body [2]. Primary gastric lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LLC) is rare and associated with latent EBV infection [2–4]. We report a case of EBVassociated primary gastric LLC diagnosed and completely removed by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR).
Empirical evaluation of the conceptual model underpinning a regional aquatic long-term monitoring program using causal modelling

A B S T R A C T Conceptual models are an integral facet of long-term monitoring programs. Proposed linkages between drivers, stressors, and ecological indicators are identified within the conceptual model of most mandated programs. We empirically evaluate a conceptual model developed for a regional aquatic and riparian monitoring program using causal models (i.e., Bayesian path analysis). We assess whether data gathered for regional status and trend estimation can also provide insights on why a stream may deviate from reference conditions. We target the hypothesized causal pathways for how anthropogenic drivers of road density, percent grazing, and percent forest within a catchment affect instream biological condition. We found instream temperature and fine sediments in arid sites and only fine sediments in mesic sites accounted for a significant portion of the maximum possible variation explainable in biological condition among managed sites. However, the biological significance of the direct effects of anthropogenic drivers on instream temperature and fine sediments were minimal or not detected. Consequently, there was weak to no biological support for causal pathways related to anthropogenic drivers’ impact on biological condition. With weak biological and statistical effect sizes, ignoring environmental contextual variables and covariates that explain natural heterogeneity would have resulted in no evidence of human impacts on biological integrity in some instances. For programs targeting the effects of anthropogenic activities, it is imperative to identify both land use practices and mechanisms that have led to degraded conditions (i.e., moving beyond simple status and trend estimation). Our empirical evaluation of the conceptual model underpinning the long-term monitoring program provided an opportunity for learning and, consequently, we discuss survey design elements that require modification to achieve question driven monitoring, a necessary step in the practice of adaptive monitoring. We suspect our situation is not unique and many programs may suffer from the same inferential disconnect. Commonly, the survey design is optimized for robust estimates of regional status and trend detection and not necessarily to provide statistical inferences on the causal mechanisms outlined in the conceptual model, even though these relationships are typically used to justify and promote the long-term monitoring of a chosen ecological indicator. Our application demonstrates a process for empirical evaluation of conceptual models and exemplifies the need for such interim assessments in order for programs to evolve and persist.
A discrete transform and decompositions of distribution spaces

Abstract We study a representation formula of the form ƒ = ∑ Q 〈ƒ, ϑ Q 〉ψ Q for a distribution ƒ on R n. This formula is obtained by discretizing and localizing a standard Littlewood-Paley decomposition. The map taking ƒ to the sequence {〈ƒ, ϑ Q 〉} Q , with Q running over the dyadic cubes in R n, is called the ϑ-transform. The functions ϑQ and ψQ have a particularly simple form. Moreover, most of the familiar distribution spaces (Lp-spaces, 1 R n. We also consider pointwise multipliers. For the characteristic function of a domain, we obtain boundedness results for a general class of domains which properly includes Lipschitz domains. Several interpolation methods are easily analyzed via the sequence spaces. For real interpolation, we obtain, among other things, an extension to the case p = 0. This in turn gives a new approach to the traditional atomic decomposition of Hardy spaces.
Promoting cancer screening within the patient centered medical home

While consensus has grown that primary care is the essential access point in a high-performing health care system, the current model of primary care underperforms in both chronic disease management and prevention. The Patient Centered Medical Home model (PCMH) is at the center of efforts to reinvent primary care practice, and is regarded as the most promising approach to addressing the burden of chronic disease, improving health outcomes, and reducing health spending. However, the potential for the medical home to improve the delivery of cancer screening (and preventive services in general) has received limited attention in both conceptualization and practice. Medical home demonstrations to date have included few evidence-based preventive services in their outcome measures, and few have evaluated the effect of different payment models. Decreasing use of hospitals and emergency rooms and an emphasis on improving chronic care represent improvements in effective delivery of healthcare, but leave opportunities for reducing the burden of cancer untouched. Data confirm that what does or does not happen in the primary care setting has a substantial impact on cancer outcomes. Insofar as cancer is the leading cause of death before age 80, the PCMH model must prioritize adherence to cancer screening according to recommended guidelines, and systems, financial incentives, and reimbursements must be aligned to achieve that goal. This article explores capacities that are needed in the medical home model to facilitate the integration of cancer screening and other preventive services. These capacities include improved patient access and communication, health risk assessments, periodic preventive health exams, use of registries that store cancer risk information and screening history, ability to track and follow up on tests and referrals, feedback on performance, and payment models that reward cancer screening. CA Cancer J Clin 2011;000:000–000. V C
Pharmacoeconomics of therapy for ITP: steroids, IVIg, anti-D, and splenectomy

Factors that influence the choice of therapeutic option in treating idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) include cost, toxicity, and efficacy of the agent. Today the most commonly used agents for treating ITP include glucocorticoids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), anti-D, and splenectomy. Splenectomy cannot be avoided in some instances, but IVIg, and anti-D offer viable treatment alternatives in many cases. IVIg and anti-D are both equally efficacious; however, anti-D therapy may come with lower cost to the patient and the healthcare system. Thus, in treating patients with ITP, clinical and economic considerations should be considered when choosing among the various treatment options.
Empirical trends in velocity and quality factor properties of reservoir rocks

Summary I have presented a compilation of published laboratory measurements of velocity and quality factor in different lithologies. There is good agreement between the data regardless of its source, showing their reliability and repeatability. The trends in velocity-quality factor relation can be separated in terms of lithology and the texture of the rocks. In granular media, such as sandstones and ooidal limestones, the velocity - quality factor relation is pressure dependent and can be approximated by a simple exponential function. The shape of this exponential fit is seen to depend on the clay content. Limestones with large effective grain sizes and/or vuggy pore spaces have high losses. Generally, chalks do not exhibit much pressure dependence of velocity and quality factor. Recognizing such trends can help us to understand seismic wave propagation in specific lithologies. Furthermore, comparisons between velocity and quality factor gives important insight in possible loss mechanisms. For example, in the presence of vuggy pore space in limestones, we measure high velocity values, but also high attenuation due to scattering. The various pore and grain geometries found in reservoir rocks, their interconnectivity, type of grain cement, and the overall impedance contrast within a rock all contribute towards the velocity - quality factor - pressure relations.
Teaching Social Justice Research to Undergraduate Students in Puerto Rico: Using Personal Experiences to Inform Research

This article explores the process of teaching undergraduate students to conduct social justice research. We were interested in understanding how to develop a social justice perspective among students while training them in conventional research methods. The following questions guided our research activities. How can the principles of social justice inform undergraduate research projects? What pedagogical strategies prepare students to conduct social justice-based research? What are the challenges and opportunities in teaching social justice research? We documented the lessons and activities during the field school and collected students’ comments in journals, extensive observations, focus groups, and interviews to understand the influence of social justice on the students’ approach to research. We identify three lessons in teaching social justice. First, teaching social justice requires that students develop meaningful relationships with the community understudy. Second, gender dynamics can prohibit or pr...
Targeting Toll-like receptors to treat chronic pain.

Chronic pain affects millions of people worldwide. A new study presents a promising therapeutic strategy in which Toll-like receptor (TLR) 5 stimulation enables the analgesic compound, QX-314, to specifically enter and silence large fiber sensory neurons, which convey pain in the setting of injury.
Absence of circulating interferon in patients with malaria and with American trypanosomiasis.

SummaryInterferon could not be detected in 50 sera obtained during the acute illness from 42 patients with clinical malaria. Similarly negative results were obtained when 40 sera from patients with subclinical T. cruzi infection were studied.The authors thank Dr. Wendell H. Hall from the Minneapolis V.A. Hospital who provided some of the malarial sera. Miss J. Balay provided capable technical assistance. Studies of Chagas disease were supported in part by a grant-in-aid from the S. C. Johnson Foundation.
An asymptotic result for the diffraction of plane waves propagating along a cylindrically truncated flat surface

An asymptotic result is obtained for evaluating the diffraction of a plane wave incident along a perfectly conducting fiat surface toward a drop in this surface. This drop is formed with a convex cylinder smoothly joined to the fiat section, thus creating a discontinuity in curvature at the join. The asymptotic result is also useful for analyzing the radiation of a source mounted on the fiat section of the conducting surface. Unlike a previously available solution which still requires a fair amount of numerical evaluation using a hybrid approach combining the moment method with the geometrical theory of diffraction, the computation of this asymptotic result is simple and efficient. Since this result is expressed in the simple format of the geometrical theory of diffraction, it is easily applied to solving more complicated diffraction problems. An application is found in the aperture-matched horn designs.
Implementation of high resolution single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis as a clinical test for patients with hematologic malignancies.

Single nucleotide polymorphism–based oligonucleotide arrays have been used as a research tool to detect genomic copy number changes and allelic imbalance in a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. The high resolution, genome-wide coverage, minimal DNA requirements, and relatively short turnaround time are advantageous for use in a clinical setting. We validated the Illumina HumanHap550 BeadChip array for clinical use by analyzing 127 pediatric leukemia and lymphoma samples that had previously been characterized by means of standard cytogenetic analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization. A higher resolution Illumina HumanHap610 BeadChip array was ultimately used for clinical testing. To date, 180 samples from children with a suspected or confirmed hematologic malignancy have been analyzed. Of the 180 clinical samples, 130 (72%) bone marrow or lymphoma specimens had aberrations revealed by the array that were not seen in the karyotypes. These typically included deletions in genes associated with B- or T-cell malignancies, such as CDKN2A/B, PAX5, and IKZF1. There were also 75 regions of copy number neutral loss of heterozygosity (>5 Mb threshold) detected in 49 samples in this cohort, which could be categorized as constitutional or acquired abnormalities. On the basis of our experience in the last 2 years, we suggest that single nucleotide polymorphism arrays are a valuable addition to, but not a replacement for, standard cytogenetic approaches for hematologic malignancies.
Concomitant presentation of carpal tunnel syndrome and trigger finger

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and trigger finger (TF) are common conditions that may occur in the same patient. The etiology of most cases is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of concomitant occurrence of these two conditions at presentation and to compare the concomitant occurrence in normal and diabetic patients. One-hundred and eight consecutive subjects presenting to our hand clinic with CTS and/or TF were evaluated. The existence of both of these conditions was documented through a standard history and physical examination. The definition of trigger finger was determined by tenderness over the A1 pulley, catching, clicking or locking. CTS was defined in the presence of at least two of the following: numbness and tingling in a median nerve distribution, motor and sensory nerve loss (median nerve), a positive Tinel's or Phalen's test and positive electrophysiologic studies. The average age of the participants was 62.2 ± 13.6 years. Sixty-seven patients presented with symptoms and signs of CTS (62%), 41 (38%) subjects with signs and symptoms of TF. Following further evaluation, 66 patients (61%) had evidence of concomitant CTS and TF. Fifty-seven patients (53% of all study patients) had diabetes. The rate of subjects with diabetes was similar among the groups (p = 0.8, Chi-square test). CTS and TF commonly occur together at presentation though the symptoms of one condition will be more prominent. Our results support a common local mechanism that may be unrelated to the presence of diabetes. We recommend evaluation for both conditions at the time of presentation.
Serum soluble RAGE levels and carotid atherosclerosis: The Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS)

Background Recent cohort studies suggested that serum levels of soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products (sRAGE) are associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that sRAGE levels are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in a racially and ethnically diverse population.
A method of modifying the rapidity of cobalt-induced epileptogenesis in the cat.

RESUME On sait par l'experimentation animale, que le cobalt metallique est un produit epileptogene rapide et efficace. Dans ce travail, l'action rapide, epileptogene du cobalt metallique a ete modifiee en incorporant celui-ci dans une gelatine et en variant sa position vis a vis du cerveau. On a prepare des disques de gelatine contenant 9 mg de cobalt metallique et on les a place dans 3 groupes de chats, dans 3 positions differentes: sous durale, epidurale, extradurale ou a l'interieur de la table interne. Dans le meme temps, on a place des electrodes de detection et on a enregistre chaque animal a des intervalles de 48 a 72 heures. Un animal de chaque groupe etait sacrifie et les cerveaux etaient examines. Les 2 groupes avec disques sous duraux et epiduraux avaient des aspects electroencephalographiques et des lesions anatomopathologiques sensiblement identiques. Dans le groupe avec disques extraduraux, l'apparition des decharges epileptiques (decharges focales et secondairement generalisees) etait tres retardee. Le groupe avec disques extraduraux montrait seulement des modifications minimes oedemateuses tandis que les autres groupes montraient d'importantes lesions necrotiques.
Role of optic nerve imaging in glaucoma clinical practice and clinical trials.

Purpose To provide an update on the role of optic nerve and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer imaging in glaucoma clinical practice and clinical trials. Design Perspective. Methods Review of recent literature and authors' clinical and laboratory studies. Results Imaging technologies such as confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, scanning laser polarimetry, and optical coherence tomography provide objective and quantitative measurements that are highly reproducible and show very good agreement with clinical estimates of optic nerve head structure and visual function. Structural assessments provided by imaging complement optic disk photography in clinical care and have the potential to identify relevant structural efficacy endpoints in glaucoma randomized clinical trials. As with other technologies, imaging may produce false identification of glaucoma and its progression; thus, clinicians should not make management decisions based solely on the results of one single test or technology. Conclusions Although optic disk stereophotography represents the standard for documentation of glaucomatous structural damage in practice and research trials, advances in computerized imaging technology provide useful measures that assist the clinician in glaucoma diagnosis and monitoring and offer considerable opportunity for use as efficacy endpoints in clinical trials.
Effect of MUC7 peptides on the growth of bacteria and on Streptococcus mutans biofilm.

Objectives:ToinvestigatethesusceptibilityofselectedbacteriaaswellasStreptococcusmutansbiofilmto MUC7 peptides and compare the activities with those of other known antimicrobial peptides. Methods:MICandMBCofpeptidesforS.mutans,Escherichiacoli,Streptococcusgordonii,Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were determined using the microdilution method. For S. mutans, the effects of the peptides on the kinetics of growth inhibition, time-killing, and on biofilm formation and reduction were also examined. For biofilm studies, polystyrene microtitre plates, Calgary Biofilm Device (CBD) and hydroxylapatite (HA) discs, along with Crystal Violet and Alamar Blue dyes, and/or EM observations, were employed. Results: S. mutans was the most susceptible to all peptides tested (MICs of 9.4–25.0 mM), compared with the other species (MICs of 3.1–>100 mM). MUC7 peptides (except MUC7-12-mer-L4) exerted 2-fold higher activity against S. mutans than Hsn5-12-mer and magainin-II, and faster killing of S. mutans than Hsn512-mer. The MUC7 peptides also had an effect on S. mutans biofilm. On the polystyrene plates, they suppressed the biofilm formation, with MBIC50 of 6.25–12.5 mM, and reduced the 1 day developed biofilm inabatchculture,withMBRC50of25–50mM.OntheCBDpegs,theviabilitiesofthebiofilmweresuppressed by >95% in the presence of MUC7 peptides at 4· MIC (50 mM). One day developed biofilm viabilities were inhibited by 49–75%. On HA, the formation of biofilm (as observed by EM) was also considerably reduced. Conclusions:MUC7peptidespresentsomewhatpreferentialantimicrobialactivityagainstS.mutans.They also have an effect on in vitro formation and reduction of the preformed S. mutans biofilm.
Photochemical Deterioration of Flame-Retarded Polyester Fabrics Part I: Effect of Xenon-Arc Irradiation on the Physical Properti

A series of fla me-retared poly ester fabrics were irradiated in a xenon-arc Weather-Ometer and the changesa in limiting oxygen index, tensile properties, and degree of yellowing were measured. The role of the elemental flame retardants bromine and phosphorus in these photochemical degradation processes was evaluated. The principal problems arising from the photochemical deterioration processes appear to be the discoloration reactions which occur and the loss of tensile strength, especially when bromine is present in the fabric as a flame retardant. In comparison to the loss in physical properties, the increase in the ignitability of the fabrics on irradiation is relatively insignificant. to the loss in
Model predictive control of building energy systems with balanced model reduction

This paper presents a model reduction method based on balanced realization for thermal and power models of buildings. System identification is firstly performed to obtain high-order state-space models. The purpose of model reduction is to simplify the model structure while preserving the major input-output relations, so as to lower the computational cost in the subsequent model predictive control (MPC) scheme. An economic objective function is designed to minimize the energy and demand charges of building energy systems. The effectiveness of the presented method is shown by simulation, and it is shown that the control performance is not significantly affected by using reduced models.
Issues in development of simultaneous forward-inverse metamodels

Metamodels provide estimates of simulation outputs as a function of design parameters. Often in the design of a system or product, one has performance targets in mind, and would like to identify system design parameters that would yield the target performance vector. Typically this is handled iteratively through an optimization search procedure. As an alternative, one could map system performance requirements to design parameters via an inverse metamodel. Inverse metamodels can be fitted 'for free,' given an experiment design to fit several forward models for multiple performance measures. This paper discusses this strategy, and some of the issues that must be resolved to make the approach practical.