cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developing Objectives for an Undergraduate Human Sexuality Course

Summary The process of developing comprehensive course objectives for an undergraduate course in human sexuality is summarized. The contextual nature of learning, the integrity and coherence of course content” and the role of the educator are discussed. Examples of course content, interactive exercises, communication techniques, and other pedagogical procedures are integrated into the discussion of the rationale for each objective.
Structural and Functional Characterization of the TNT1 Domain of Cardiac Troponin T

Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (FHC) is a primary cardiac muscle disorder and a common cause of sudden cardiac death among young people in the field. The majority of disease-causing mutations in the thin filament protein hcTnT are found within the TNT1 domain. This domain has not been crystallized and its structural details are poorly defined, limiting our ability to understand the mechanism of disease for these mutations. A highly charged region is found at the C-terminal end of TNT1 (158-RREEEENRR-166) in which this highly alpha helical domain may unwind to create a flexible hinge that is necessary for normal function. We aim to determine the structural details and function of this region using SDSL-EPR and regulated in vitro motility (R-IVM) assays. The purpose of our R-IVM experiments is two-fold: to functionally analyze our spin labeled proteins and to gain insight into the function of TNT1 in the presence of cysteine substitutions. R-IVM data shows a progressive increase in the severity of the functional effects of cysteine substitution and spin labeling across the putative hinge region, suggesting that this region is dynamically important and may be making critical interactions with other components of the sarcomere. CW-EPR spectra of spin labeled hcTnT in Troponin ternary complexes show an increase in spin label mobility from residue 153 to 157 and 177, consistent with a decrease in alpha helical character across the putative hinge region. Preliminary doubly labeled CW-EPR experiments show that interspin distance between hcTnT residues 157 and 177 exceed 25A. Interspin distance measurements using doubly labeled hcTnT will further elucidate the secondary and tertiary structure of this region. Additional spin label pairs are currently being investigated using both CW-EPR and DEER techniques to determine the structural details of this important region.
Granular computing and flow analysis on discretionary access control: Solving the propagation problem

Based on granular computing, information flows in Discretionary Access Control (DAC) are examined. DAC are classified in the following nested order: From general to specific, binary neighborhood systems(binary relations), topological spaces (reflexive and transitive relations) and clopen spaces (equivalence relations) in geometric (algebraic) terms. In security terms, the two smaller classes meet information flow security and Chinese wall security policy in respective order. Roughly, information flow security policy (IFSP) means any data can never flow or propagate into the enemy hands of the initial owner. Chinese wall security policy is IFSP, in which enemy is a symmetric relation.
Laboratory medicine in the 21st Century.

At the end of the 19th century, medical problem solving relied almost entirely on history taking and physical examination. The enormous advances in science and technology that have characterized the 20th century have so transformed the practice of clinical medicine that now, as we approach the next millennium, history taking and physical examination have increasingly given way to a practice of medicine dominated by the use of medical technology—in particular, laboratory testing. There is every reason to believe that this trend will continue into the 21st century. Moreover, it will continue against a background of continuing advances in information technology and computer-based electronic communications—advances that could revolutionize the provision of medical care through online dialogue among patients, databases, clinicians, pathologists, and other laboratory professionals. These changes in the provision of health care are likely to have profound effects on the practice of laboratory medicine—effects that will be determined by the competing demands of cost containment, assurance of quality, and financial support of education and research.
Modulation of Radiation Response by the Tetrahydrobiopterin Pathway

Ionizing radiation (IR) is an integral component of our lives due to highly prevalent sources such as medical, environmental, and/or accidental. Thus, understanding of the mechanisms by which radiation toxicity develops is crucial to address acute and chronic health problems that occur following IR exposure. Immediate formation of IR-induced free radicals as well as their persistent effects on metabolism through subsequent alterations in redox mediated inter- and intracellular processes are globally accepted as significant contributors to early and late effects of IR exposure. This includes but is not limited to cytotoxicity, genomic instability, fibrosis and inflammation. Damage to the critical biomolecules leading to detrimental long-term alterations in metabolic redox homeostasis following IR exposure has been the focus of various independent investigations over last several decades. The growth of the "omics" technologies during the past decade has enabled integration of "data from traditional radiobiology research", with data from metabolomics studies. This review will focus on the role of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an understudied redox-sensitive metabolite, plays in the pathogenesis of post-irradiation normal tissue injury as well as how the metabolomic readout of BH4 metabolism fits in the overall picture of disrupted oxidative metabolism following IR exposure.
Determination of parameters for a model for the cyclic behaviour of interfaces

Description de la reponse deformation. Contrainte de cisaillement cyclique des interfaces sable sec, beton en utilisant une forme modifiee d'un modele Ramberg-Osgood. Le modele permet la description de la rigidite secante de l'interface comme une fonction de la contrainte normale, de la contrainte de cisaillement, de la densite du sable et du nombre de cycles du chargement. Resultats d'une serie d'essais de cisaillement direct cyclique. Methodologie par laquelle les parametres du modele (R-O) peuvent etre determines a partir d'essais de cisaillement en laboratoire
Constructing a configurable group RPC service

Current Remote Procedure Call (RPC) services implement a variety of semantics, with many of the differences related to how communication and server failures are handled. The list increases even more when considering group RPC, a variant of RPC often used for fault-tolerance where an invocation is sent to a group of servers rather than one. This paper presents an approach to constructing group RPC in which a single configurable system is used to build different variants of the service. The approach is based on implementing each property as a separate software module called a micro-protocol, and then configuring the micro-protocols needed to implement the desired service together using a software framework based on the x-kernel. The properties of point-to-point and group RPC are identified and classified, and the general execution model described. An example consisting of a modular implementation of a group RPC service is given to illustrate the approach. Dependency issues that restrict configurability are also addressed.
Narrating the native: Victorian anthropology and Hardy's the return of the native

(1997). Narrating the native: Victorian anthropology and Hardy's the return of the native. Nineteenth-Century Contexts: Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 147-163.
Age-dependent residual tensile strains are present in the dura mater of rats

The objectives of this study were to determine whether residual tensile strains exist in the dura mater of mammals in vivo, and whether the strains are age-dependent. We made incisions in the parie...
daVinci Code: A Multi-Model Simulation and Analysis Tool for Multi-Body Systems

This paper discusses the design and current capabilities of a new software tool, dVC, capable of simulating planar systems of bodies experiencing unilateral contacts with friction. Since different problems require different levels of accuracy, dVC provides user-selectable body types (rigid or locally-compliant), motion models (first-order, quasi-static, dynamic), and several state-of-the-art time-stepping methods. One can also choose to include friction between each body and the plane of motion. To support optimal and robust part design, dVC also allows on-the-fly changes to parameters of the geometric and physical models. The results obtained for three representative planar problems are presented: the design of a passive part-orienting device, the planning of a mesoscale assembly operation, and the design of a grasp strategy.
A Census of Poor Groups: Hot Gas, Cold Gas, and Galaxies

Poor groups are common environments for galaxies, but we know relatively little about what fraction of all baryons lie in groups, how those baryons are distributed spatially, how group baryons are divided among stars and gas, and how the intragroup medium evolves. Our first attempts to answer these questions using groups outside the Local Group yield some surprising results. Groups are important baryon reservoirs in the local Universe, at least as important as rich clusters of galaxies. In groups with luminous X-ray halos, the galaxy and hot gas distributions have multiple components: the dwarf and giant populations occupy different orbits, and the X-ray emission from the central giant detected only in group members — we find no evidence for high velocity cloud analogs. The similarity of the temperature-luminosity-velocity dispersion relations for X-ray luminous groups and rich clusters suggests that the intergroup and intracluster media evolve in the same manner (whether these relations change for lower mass groups is still controversial). Finally, observations suggest that at least some giant field ellipticals evolve from poor groups, and that different classes of groups give rise to gE’s with different X-ray and optical properties.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cognitive Decline:

The brain is a lipid-rich organ and thus it is reasonable to question the role of fatty acids in normal brain function, including cognition. The purpose of this article is to examine our current knowledge on the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids (ω3FA) and cognitive function and explore the therapeutic implications of ω3FA in the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment. Published cross-sectional and prospective observational research, though not fully consistent, predominantly support the role of ω3FA in decreasing the risk of cognitive decline. However, to date, the results from randomized controlled trials have been predominantly null, with the exception of supplementation in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. Whether lack of evidence is a result of insufficient study design or absence of actual benefit warrants further clinical research. Given the low side effect profile, high accessibility, and relatively low cost, it is reasonable to recommend, at minimum, the dietary intake ...
Galectin-3: A New Target for Tumor Immunotherapy

Copyright: © 2012 Yu Y. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Galectins are a family of lectins which include 15 members and are characterized by a galactose-specific carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), with an affinity for beta-galactosides. A characteristic of galectins is to mediate recognition of N-acetyl-lactosamine-containing glycoproteins located at the cell surface and within the extracellular matrix. The function of galectins in modulating the immune system and regulating cell growth has been well documented. Galectins are known to carry out intraand extracellular functions, including inhibition of chronic inflammations, angiogenesis, immune response and cancer cell migration.
Passive verification of the strategyproofness of mechanisms in open environments

Consider an open infrastructure in which anyone can deploy mechanisms to support automated decision making and coordination amongst self-interested computational agents. Strategyproofness is a central property in the design of such mechanisms, allowing participants to maximize their individual benefit by reporting truthful private information about preferences and capabilities and without modeling or reasoning about the behavior of other agents. But, why should participants trust that a mechanism is strategyproof? We address this problem, proposing and describing a passive verifier, able to monitor the inputs and outputs of mechanisms and verify the strategyproofness, or not, of a mechanism. Useful guarantees are available to participants before the behavior of the mechanism is completely known, and metrics are introduced to provide a measure of partial verification. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Ritanserin administration potentiates amphetamine-stimulated dopamine release in the rat prefrontal cortex

Abstract 1. 1. Administration of serotonin 5-HT2 receptor antagonists increases the basal release of dopamine in the mesocorticolimbic pathway. 2. 2. Treatment with dopamine D2 receptor antagonists increases impulse-dependent basal dopamine release in the nigrostriatal pathway. D2 antagonists also potentiate carrier-mediated increases in DA efflux from this pathway. 3. 3. The present study compared the effects of a 5-HT2A/C antagonist (ritanserin) and a D2 antagonist (haloperidol) on carrier-mediated (amphetamine-induced) DA release in the mesocortical system. 4. 4. In vivo microdialysis was used to recover extracellular fluid from the medial prefrontal cortex of conscious rats. Samples were then assayed for dopamine content by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Haloperidol or ritanserin were administered systemically (i.p.) 30 min before d-amphetamine (5.0 mg/kg i.p.). 5. 5. Results demonstrated that 5.0 mg/kg ritanserin, but not 1.0 mg/kg, potentiated amphetamine-induced DA release in the prefrontal cortex. Similar to previous findings in the striatum, haloperidol (1.0 mg/kg) also augmented amphetamine-stimulated DA efflux in the cortex. 6. 6. These results suggest that 5-HT2 and D2 receptor antagonists increase impulse-mediated dopamine release in the rat prefrontal cortex which in turn potentiates carrier-mediated release.
Association Between Nicotine Dependence Severity, BOLD Response to Smoking Cues, and Functional Connectivity

Enhanced motivational salience towards smoking cues is a consequence of chronic nicotine use, but the degree to which this value increases beyond that of other appetitive cues is unknown. In addition, it is unclear how connectivity between brain regions influences cue reactivity and how cue reactivity and functional connectivity are related to nicotine dependence severity. This study examined neural responses during the presentation of smoking cues and appetitive control cues, as well as functional connectivity in 116 smokers with a range of nicotine dependence severity. Smoking cues elicited greater response above baseline than food cues in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and supplementary motor area (SMA) and less deactivation below baseline in middle frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobe, and middle temporal gyrus. Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis using right OFC as a seed revealed increased connectivity with somatosensory cortex and lateral inferior parietal lobe during smoking cues compared with food cues. Similarly, a PPI analysis using left insula as a seed showed stronger connectivity with somatosensory cortex, right insula, OFC, and striatum. Finally, relationships with nicotine dependence scores showed enhanced response in insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in the smoking vs food comparison, and increased connectivity between insula and circuits involved in motivated behavior. Combined, these results suggest that smokers engage attentional networks and default mode networks involved in self-referential processing to a greater degree during smoking cues. In addition, individuals with greater nicotine dependence severity show increased engagement of sensorimotor and motor preparation circuits, suggesting increased reliance on habitual behavior.
Integration of control theory and scheduling methods for supply chain management

Abstract In this paper, we propose to use distributed model predictive control for supply chain optimization. In particular, we focus on inventory management in supply chains. We use cooperative model predictive control, in which each agent makes their local decisions by optimizing the overall supply chain objective. Motivated by recent results in Stewart, Wright, and Rawlings (2011) , we develop a new cooperative MPC algorithm that is applicable to any stabilizable system, and in particular to supply chain models. We illustrate cooperative MPC for a two node supply chain example and compare its performance and properties with other classical distributed operating policies.
Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Antiviral Effects of Hypericin, a Derivative of St. John's Wort Plant, in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Hypericin is a natural derivative of the common St. Johns wort plant, Hypericum perforatum. It has in vitro activity against several viruses, including bovine diarrhea virus, a pestivirus with structural similarities to hepatitis C virus (HCV). We conducted a phase I dose escalation study to determine the safety and antiviral activity of hypericin in patients with chronic HCV infection. The first 12 patients received an 8-week course of 0.05 mg of hypericin per kg of body weight orally once a day; 7 patients received an 8-week course of 0.10 mg/kg orally once a day. At the end of the 8-week period of treatment, no subject had a change of plasma HCV RNA level of more than 1.0 log(10). Five of 12 subjects receiving the 0.05-mg/kg/day dosing schedule and 6 of 7 subjects receiving the 0.10-mg/kg/day dosing schedule developed phototoxic reactions. No other serious adverse events associated with hypericin use occurred. The pharmacokinetic data revealed a long elimination half-life (mean values of 36.1 and 33.8 h, respectively, for the doses of 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg) and mean area under the curve determinations of 1.5 and 3.1 microg/ml x hr, respectively. In sum, hypericin given orally in doses of 0.05 and 0.10 mg/kg/d caused considerable phototoxicity and had no detectable anti-HCV activity in patients with chronic HCV infection.
Revisiting the relationship between regenerative ability and aging

Contrary to the longstanding view that newts (Notophthalamus viridescens), but not axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum), can regenerate a lens, a recent report in BMC Biology by Panagiotis Tsonis and colleagues shows axolotls indeed possess this ability during early larval stages. In contrast, they show that zebrafish never posses this ability, even as embryos. This underscores the importance of comparing regenerative ability across species and reinforces the need to consider organ regeneration in the context of evolution, development, and aging.
Using Online Error Analysis Items to Support Preservice Teachers' Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Mathematics.

This article describes how a free, web-based intelligent tutoring system, (ASSISTment), was used to create online error analysis items for preservice elementary and secondary mathematics teachers. The online error analysis items challenged preservice teachers to analyze, diagnose, and provide targeted instructional remediation intended to help mock students overcome common error patterns and misconceptions. A short description of how the ASSISTment system was used to support followup in-class discussions among preservice teachers is provided, as well as suggestions for producing similar online error analysis items in other content areas. Directions for accessing all of the mathematics error analysis problem sets currently available in the ASSISTment system, sample error analysis items and responses, and a rubric for implementing these assignments in mathematics methods classes to support preservice teachers are included at the conclusion of the article.
Expression of lipoprotein lipase in rat muscle: regulation by feeding and hypothyroidism

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key enzyme in lipid metabolism and is found predominantly in adipose tissue and muscle. We examined the mechanism of regulation of LPL in muscles composed of different fiber types (soleus, extensor digitorum longus, and heart) in fed, fasted, and hypothyroid rats. In all muscles, the detergent-extractable (EXT) fraction represented approximately 95% of total LPL activity and mass. LPL activity was similar in the heparin-releasable (HR) fractions of heart and soleus (predominantly type I fibers), while in the EXT fraction LPL activity in soleus was 418 +/- 48 nEq/min per g, and in heart was 272 +/- 30 nEq/min per g (P < 0.05). However, LPL activity in extensor digitorum longus (EDL, predominantly type II fibers) was considerably lower (7.9 +/- 0.8 nEq/min per g in EXT, P < 0.0001 versus heart and soleus). LPL immunoreactive mass followed a pattern similar to LPL activity. LPL mRNA levels were quantitated by both Northern blotting and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and were approximately equal in heart and soleus, and 5-fold lower in EDL. In response to feeding, LPL activity, mass, and mRNA levels in heart were 30% to 50% lower than in fasted rat heart, although feeding had no effect on soleus or EDL. In hypothyroid animals, muscle LPL activity was increased by 3- to 4-fold in the HR (but not EXT) fractions of heart and soleus (P < 0.05), with no change in LPL mass or mRNA. Thus, muscles with oxidative, type I fibers expressed higher levels of LPL mRNA than muscles containing glycolytic, type II fibers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A CRA for the 21st Century: Congress Considers the Community Reinvestment Modernization Act of 2009

The Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 (CRA) has received a great deal of attention over the last year. For some commentators, it was one of the main causes of the current financial crisis. According to its critics, the CRA forced banks to make risky loans to unworthy borrowers. The CRA has had its defenders, however, bank regulators and bankers alike, who cite the value of the CRA in encouraging banks to explore previously untapped markets and to lend in previously underserved communities in a safe and sound manner. The reality is that the CRA is narrow in scope; it requires only that depository institutions meet the credit needs of the communities in which they receive deposits, including low- and moderate-income communities. Because of this fact, it is difficult to blame it for the present financial crisis. Quite the contrary, the narrow scope of the CRA meant that the overwhelming majority of risky lending at the root of the crisis was beyond the reach of the CRA. Most subprime lending was beyond the scope of the CRA because it was carried out by non-depository institutions, or by depository institutions acting beyond their CRA “assessment areas” (the communities from which such institutions receive their deposits), or by the exempt subsidiaries of depository institutions. Thus, the CRA was powerless to stop the subprime mortgage frenzy. On Capitol Hill, Congress has taken up the cause of strengthening the CRA in light of the gaps in its coverage exposed by the financial crisis. This article provides a brief overview of the current CRA and then outlines some of the key features of legislation currently pending before Congress that would strengthen the CRA: the Community Reinvestment Modernization Act of 2009. It concludes with an assessment of some additional amendments that Congress might consider to make the CRA even stronger, including the recognition of a private right of action through which community members could bring suit against regulators for their failure to enforce the CRA according to its terms.
To see the world anew: learning engineering through a humanistic lens

This paper describes a role-playing game developed by faculty and students at Worcester Polytechnic Institute to teach engineering within a rich cultural and historical context. Based on the successful Reacting to the Past series of role-playing games developed for humanities courses, this game differs in that its focus is engineering (a nineteenth-century sewerage project in Worcester, MA) and it is designed to include science experiments (water sampling), original research using nineteenth-century technical and historical/cultural material, data analysis (geospatial mapping of nineteenth-century data on pollutants, populations, and sewerage overflows), arguments from data, and cross-cultural communication. Developed in a humanities department with undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) students and later expanded in collaboration with research librarians and engineering faculty, the course is intended to engage students deeply in engineering issues – including offering a ...
Folic Acid-Induced Fall in Phenytoin Levels and Seizure Recurrence

Recurrence of seizures is reported in an adult after addition of folic acid for treatment of a macrocytic anemia.
Means to an End: An Assessment of the Status-blind Approach to Protecting Undocumented Worker Rights

This article applies the tenets of bureaucratic incorporation theory to an investigation of bureaucratic decision making in labor standards enforcement agencies (LSEAs), as they relate to undocumented workers. Drawing on 25 semistructured interviews with high-level officials in San Jose and Houston, I find that bureaucrats in both cities routinely evade the issue of immigration status during the claims-making process, and directly challenge employers’ attempts to use the undocumented status of their workers to deflect liability. Respondents offer three institutionalized narratives for this approach: (1) to deter employer demand for undocumented labor, (2) the conviction that the protection of undocumented workers is essential to the agency’s ability to regulate industry standards for all workers, and (3) to clearly demarcate the agency’s jurisdictional boundaries to preserve institutional autonomy and scarce resources. Within this context, enforcing the rights of undocumented workers becomes simply an ins...
Measuring the linear polarization of γs in 20–170 GeV range

Abstract The Na59 collaboration aims to measure the linear polarization of its photon beam in the 20–170 GeV range, using an aligned thin crystal. The tracks of e−/e+ pairs created in two different crystal targets, germanium and diamond, are reconstructed to obtain the photon spectrum. Using the polarization dependence of the pair production cross section in an aligned crystal, photon polarization is obtained to be 55% at the vicinity of 70 GeV.
Optimal delivery of DMLC Arc Therapy

Purpose: The continuous delivery of a specific treatment plan for an arc therapy can be achieved with multiple solutions for speed of gantry rotation, beam dose rate variation in time and with various speed trajectories of MLC leaves. This non-uniqueness of arc therapy delivery creates situations that given treatment plans can be delivered with arc with variable degrees of efficiency. The goal of this study is to find the most time efficient realization of the arc delivery provided all constraints of the delivery system are satisfied.
Post-mortem compared with clinical diagnosis of genito-urinary tuberculosis in adult males.

5424 necropsies performed on men aged 16 and over from 1935-44 were analyzed with regard to age; race; death from tuberculosis; unhealed tuberculosis in those dead from other causes; the relationship between pulmonary renal and genital tuberculosis; and comparison of the necropsy with the clinical diagnosis of genito-urinary tract tuberculosis. The incidence of genito-urinary tuberculosis was greater among the 565 nonwhites and among men under age 40. Tuberculous lesions were found in the genito-urinary organs in 3.1% of necropsies in 4.5% of persons harboring unhealed tuberculous lesions who died from other causes and in 26% of those who died from tuberculosis. 85% of men with tuberculous lesions in the genito-urinary system had caseous or cavitating pulmonary foci. 45.9% of those presenting tuberculous lesions in the genito-urinary system died from generalized miliary tuberculosis compared with only 3% of those with no tubercular foci. It is hypothesized that individuals who develop genito-urinary tuberculosis have an impaired resistance to infection in general. Renal lesions were twice as frequent as those in the prostate and 3 times as frequent as those in other genital organs. In tuberculosis of the genital system the prostate seminal vesicle and epididymis were all involved in 63% of cases the prostate alone in 29% and the seminal vesicle or epididymis alone in no cases. Involvement of the prostate is believed to succeed renal involvement in a high proportion of cases. The 6 patients who had an epididymectomy prior to death all died from tuberculosis with both prostate and seminal vesicles affected indicating that the procedure is not effective in genital tuberculosis. A clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis was recorded in 80% of patients with genito-urinary tuberculosis but genito-urinary disease was recognized in only 18%. Only half the patients with tuberculous renal cavity and 40% of those with necrotic but unexcavated renal lesions presented urinary symptoms. Determination of the sequence in which organs of the genito-urinary system are affected will require a meticulous search for minute tuberculous foci prior to clinical manifestation of disease or development of lesions noted at necropsy. Such study will permit confirmation of the assumption that tuberculous lesions of the genital organs are not secondary to tuberculous lesions in the kidney.
Is the Sky Falling? The Persistent Effects of Concussion

Sport concussion has been thrust into the national spotlight with growing concern over both the acute and chronic risk for injury. While much has been learned and applied to medical practice in the previous decade, how the injury may affect individuals years later remains largely unknown. The opaqueness of the unknown has led some to ask if certain sports should be banned. Without immediate answers, what is currently known must be extrapolated and the risks and benefits of sport participation must be balanced.
Last mile fulfilment and distribution in omni-channel grocery retailing: a strategic planning framework

Purpose – For traditional grocery retailers, the growing importance of online sales means creating new logistics models for omni-channel (OC) management. Due to these transformational changes, retail research and practice are lacking a comprehensive view on integrated fulfilment and distribution concepts for home and store deliveries as they have evolved recently. The purpose of this paper is to develop a planning framework for last mile order fulfilment in OC grocery retailing and to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different design concepts. Design/methodology/approach – The findings were developed and evaluated by means of explorative interviews with grocery retail and logistics experts. Additionally, key literature on last mile order fulfilment and retail supply chain management was reviewed to supplement the integrated OC grocery operations planning framework. Findings – OC logistics planning can be structured into back-end fulfilment (e.g. warehouse and in-store picking) and last mile dis...
Torrefaction kinetics of almond and walnut shells

The effects of inorganic species on the torrefaction kinetics of almond and walnut shells between 240 and 300 °C were determined using thermogravimetric analysis. Raw shells were leached with water at 80 °C for 2 h to remove 80 and 86% of potassium from raw almond and walnut shells, respectively. During each isothermal kinetics run, the leached almond shells had higher mass yields than the raw shells, even at 240 °C. In comparison, the raw and leached walnut shells had comparable mass yields at 240 °C with the mass yields becoming different at higher temperatures. This was due to the higher concentration of 0.89% (w/w) potassium in almond shells compared to 0.08% (w/w) in walnut shells, since potassium had been shown to catalyze decomposition of biomass. The two consecutive parallel reactions kinetic model exhibited the best fit to experimental data. However, the one-step reaction model gave the best predictions of mass yields for torrefaction of raw almond shells in a fixed-bed reactor.
Implicit and Explicit Learning Mechanisms Meet in Monkey Prefrontal Cortex

In this issue, Loonis et al. (2017) provide the first description of unique synchrony patterns differentiating implicit and explicit forms of learning in monkey prefrontal networks. Their results have broad implications for how prefrontal networks integrate the two learning mechanisms to control behavior.
Optical rectification using geometrical field enhancement in gold nano-arrays

Conversion of photons to electrical energy has a wide variety of applications including imaging, solar energy harvesting, and IR detection. A rectenna device consists of an antenna in addition to a rectifying element to absorb the incident radiation within a certain frequency range. We designed, fabricated, and measured an optical rectifier taking advantage of asymmetrical field enhancement for forward and reverse currents due to geometrical constraints. The gold nano-structures as well as the geometrical parameters offer enhanced light-matter interaction at 382 THz. Using the Taylor expansion of the time-dependent current as a function of the external bias and oscillating optical excitation, we obtained responsivities close to quantum limit of operation. This geometrical approach can offer an efficient, broadband, and scalable solution for energy conversion and detection in the future.
Speed estimation based on gait analysis for biobotic agents

Biobotic agents equipped with inertial sensors can be used to explore areas where Global Navigation Satellite Systems such as GPS are not accessible. A common challenge in inertial navigation systems is how to compensate for the error accrued from the inertial measurements. We propose that the distinctive rocking motion present in the gait of some biobotic agents can be used to directly compute the speed of the agent from the inertial measurements, bypassing the need to integrate the speed from the inertial sensors. We present preliminary results highlighting a trend between gait and speed, using measurements obtained from a 9 Degree of Freedom Inertial Measurement Unit mounted on a biobotic agent.
Arithmetical Functions Associated with the k-ary Divisors of an Integer

The -ary divisibility relations are a class of recursively defined relations beginning with standard divisibility and culminating in the so-called infinitary divisibility relation. We examine the summatory functions corresponding to the -ary analogues of various popular functions in number theory, proving various results about the structure of the -ary divisibility relations along the way.
Constructing multiloop scattering amplitudes with manifest singularity structure

The infrared exponentiation properties of dimensionally regularized multiloop scattering amplitudes are typically hidden at the level of the integrand, materializing only after integral evaluation. We address this longstanding problem by introducing an appropriate integral basis which is simultaneously finite and uniform weight. As an example, we cast the integrand for the QCD corrections to the two-loop massless quark electromagnetic form factor into a form where it is manifest that the ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ and ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ pole terms arise from the $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ expansion of the square of our one-loop master integral.
Explanation-based generalization in a logic-programming environment

This paper describes a domain-independent implementation of explanation-based generalization (EBG) within a logic-programming environment. Explanation is interleaved with generalization, so that as the training instance is proven to be a positive example of the goal concept, the generalization is simultaneously created. All aspects of the EBG task are viewed in logic, which provides a clear semantics for EBG, and allows its integration into the logic-programming system. In this light operationally becomes a property requiring explicit reasoning. Additionally, viewing EBG in logic clarifies the relation of learning search-control to EBG, and suggests solutions for dealing with imperfect domain theories.
Radiotherapy-Induced Carcinogenesis and Leukemogenesis: Mechanisms and Quantitative Modeling

Biologically-based modeling of spontaneous and radiation-induced carcinogenesis has a history spanning several decades. Such models are important conceptual and quantitative tools, particularly useful whenever cancer risks must be estimated under exposure situations for which no data yet exist, e.g., for novel and prospective radiotherapy protocols. Direct extrapolation from existing data is often not possible due to complex differences between the data sets, but quantitative models can accommodate such extrapolation. Many carcinogenesis models can be characterized as short-term, in that they focus on those processes occurring during and shortly after irradiation. The main advantage of this class of models is that they provide a detailed initial dose response for short-term endpoints which are used as surrogates for carcinogenesis. The main disadvantage is that the possibly substantial modulations of the magnitude and shape of this initial dose response during the lengthy period between irradiation and manifestation of typical solid tumors are not considered. In contrast with the short-term models, another class of biologically-motivated models can be characterized as long-term, in the sense that they track carcinogenesis mechanisms throughout the entire human life span. The main advantages of long-term models are: (1) modulation of the radiation dose response during the long latency period between exposure and diagnosis of cancer is included; and (2) extensive data on spontaneous cancers can be used to help determine the adjustable parameters needed to estimate cancer risks. The main disadvantage is that the early radiation response is typically treated in a less-mechanistic manner than in the short-term models. Here we review some short- and long-term model examples and the carcinogenesis mechanisms which they incorporate. We also discuss an example of unification of both model classes, focusing on application of such formalisms for quantifying radiotherapy-induced second cancer risks.
Independent Bernoulli arms

Many of the examples in the first three chapters assume independent arms: G = F 1 × ... × F k. In this chapter we consider independent Bernoulli arms. As has been our convention in the Bernoulli case, we regard F i as a distribution on the Bernoulli parameter θ i ∈ [0, 1] rather than on Q i ∈ D; and consistent with an earlier modification of notation, we write the conditional distribution of (θ 1, θ 2,...,θ k ) given success on arm 1, say, as $$ {\sigma _1}\left( {{F_1},{F_2},...,{F_k}} \right) = \left( {\sigma {F_1},{F_2},...,{F_k}} \right), $$ and given a failure on arm 1 and as $$ {\varphi _1}\left( {{F_1},{F_2},...,{F_k}} \right) = \left( {\varphi {F_1},{F_2},...,{F_k}} \right). $$
Bereavement and Its Relation to Clinical Depression

The relationship between stress and illness is a recurring topic of concern for medical caregivers and others. Although Stressors are difficult to define, most would agree that the death of a spouse is a stressful life event; depending on the nature of the death, the stress could be acute or chronic. In any case, the death of a spouse tops the list in stressful life events questionnaires. As a starting point for examining the relationship between stress and illness, it is reasonable to consider the stress of bereavement, and the reactive depression response that follows, as prototypic. There are certainly other Stressors that produce different affects —anxiety, fear — or mixed affects, and different symptoms and behaviors. However, the reaction to bereavement should be applicable to all stresses that produce an affect of sadness or depression.
Home-sweet-home health care.

Laura Freeman is an economist in the Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics. The of is not health home a replacement is care. now Although the choice for home all for hospital certain health types care, care of health care. Although home health care is not a replacement for all hospital ca e, it has become an important setting for delivering preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic, rehabilitative, and long-term maintenance services. The health care that patients receive in the privacy and comfort of their own homes breaks the past pattern of confining sick, handicapped, diseased, and mentally ill individuals to hospitals or institutions. Expansion of medicare benefits, lower costs for care at home relative to hospital care, and modern technology are among the reasons home health care has become the fastest
Development of Infant Care System Application

Newborn infants spend up to 70% their time asleep. Neonates sleep at least 16–18 h per day, and their sleep patterns are markedly different from the sleep patterns of older infants and adults. Ideal sleep prepares the child to learn when she is awake, and after the learning has taken place during the awake state, the critical processes of memory association occur during sleep. Now Clearly, sleep deprivation, whether it’s for an infant or parents who are involved needs to be addressed. The good news is that there are strategies you can use to get the rest you need. First, topics related to SIDS vulnerability, to better understand the role of learning during sleep in promoting infant survival are discussed. Second, the importance of making sure that infants are given the comfort they need in order to continuously sleep without disturbing the guardians. To address both issues of deprived sleep for infants and parents and Lasty, a mobile application for the system.
“Going Out to School”: The Impact of Girls’ Education on Family and Gender Systems in Bhubaneswar, India

Longitudinal research (1965–1989) in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India has made it possible to monitor some of the effects of schooling, especially for girls, on family and gender systems. Following independence, Bhubaneswar became the site of a new capital city built next door to an ancient temple town. By 1965, Bhubaneswar had become the educational center of the state, with schools from kindergarten through post-graduate institutions available for the first time. I have followed the lives of children in a sample of stratified households from each side of town, comparing how different sets of families responded to these educational opportunities.
Healthcare-Associated Viral Infections: Considerations for Nosocomial Transmission and Infection Control

Nosocomial and healthcare-associated viral infections are major contributors to patient morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and increased healthcare costs in all pediatric age groups. Healthcare workers are also at risk of acquiring nosocomial viral infections, affecting their own health, as well as facilitating spread of the infection to other patients, their family, and the community. Healthcare-associated viral infections may occur in a variety of healthcare settings, including clinics, emergency centers, urgent care centers, procedure suites, operating rooms, hospital wards, nurseries, and intensive care units. In addition, non-patient care areas, such as the cafeteria, waiting areas, and playrooms may also be a source of viral infections that can spread in the healthcare setting. These infections may be device-related or transmitted via blood products or organ donation and respiratory droplets, through food including human milk, person to person, or via air ducts, fomites, and surfaces. They most commonly involve the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts; however, all organ systems may potentially be involved. Both DNA and RNA viruses, either common or exotic, may contribute to healthcare-associated viral infections. Advances in molecular viral diagnostics have enabled rapid detection and routine surveillance for viral infections and now allow early identification of viruses. Prompt identification allows timely containment measures to minimize transmission to other patients or healthcare workers and avoids hospital, community, and global outbreaks.
Reproducibility of interictal spike propagation in children with refractory epilepsy

Objective Interictal spikes are a characteristic feature of invasive electroencephalography (EEG) recordings in children with refractory epilepsy. Spikes frequently co-occur across multiple brain regions with discernable latencies, suggesting that spikes can propagate through distributed neural networks. The purpose of this study was to examine the long-term reproducibility of spike propagation patterns over hours to days of interictal recording. Methods Twelve children (mean age 13.1 years) were retrospectively studied. A mean ± standard deviation (SD) of 47.2 ± 40.1 hours of interictal EEG recordings were examined per patient (range 17.5-166.5 hours). Interictal recordings were divided into 30-minute segments. Networks were extracted based on the frequency of spike coactivation between pairs of electrodes. For each 30-minute segment, electrodes were assigned a "Degree Preference (DP)" based on the tendency to appear upstream or downstream within propagation sequences. The consistency of DPs across segments ("DP-Stability") was quantified using the Spearman rank correlation. Results Regions exhibited highly stable preferences to appear upstream, intermediate, or downstream in spike propagation sequences. Across networks, the mean ± SD DP-Stability was 0.88 ± 0.07, indicating that propagation patterns observed in 30-minute segments were representative of the patterns observed in the full interictal window. At the group level, regions involved in seizure generation appeared more upstream in spike propagation sequences. Significance Interictal spike propagation is a highly reproducible output of epileptic networks. These findings shed new light on the spatiotemporal dynamics that may constrain the network mechanisms of refractory epilepsy.
Practice Patterns and Use of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in the Management of Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis

BACKGROUND/AIMS There are conflicting opinions regarding the management of recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP). While some physicians recommend endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in this setting, others consider it to be contraindicated in patients with RAP. The aim of this study was to assess the practice patterns and clinical features influencing the management of RAP in the US. METHODS An anonymous 35-question survey instrument was developed and refined through multiple iterations, and its use was approved by our Institutional Review Board. The survey was distributed via email to 408 gastroenterologists to assess the practice patterns in the management of RAP in multiple clinical scenarios. RESULTS The survey was completed by 65 participants representing 36 of the top academic/tertiary care centers across the country. Approximately 90.8% of the participants indicated that they might offer or recommend ERCP in the management of RAP. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that ductal dilatation and presence of symptoms were the most predictive variables (p<0.001) for offering ERCP. CONCLUSION A preponderance of the respondents would consider ERCP among patients with RAP presenting to tertiary care centers in the US. Ductal dilatation, presence of symptoms, and pancreas divisum significantly increased the likelihood of a recommendation for ERCP.