cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The personality characteristics and family backgrounds of women alcoholics

Alcoholic women were lower on self-esteem and higher on alienation, neuroticism, and anxiety than "normal" women. On one comparison, alcoholic women appeared somewhat higher on conscious femininity and lower on unconscious femininity, while in another analysis they did not differ from normal women. Women alcoholics were somewhat lower in self-esteem than male alcoholics, less internal in locus of control, and less sex-role traditional than men alcoholics. When respondents with high Lie scores were eliminated from the analyses, these results remained constant.
The pulmonary first-pass effect, xenotransplantation and translation to clinical trials--a commentary.

Sir, we read with great interest the article by Lee and colleagues (2008) on the effects of intravenous (IV) human neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) in a rat model, and congratulate them on their work. The authors found that early (2 h after ICH) IV NSC (5 × 105 cells) therapy led to immediate and sustained improvements in neurologic deficits (modified limb placing test). Concomitantly, decreases in cerebral oedema, apoptosis and inflammation were identified. Most notably, the cellular biodistribution studies revealed ∼20× the number of cells in the spleen as the lung. The authors went on to show that cell–cell interaction of NSCs and macrophages in the spleen may play a significant role in …
Histone Ubiquitination Associates with BRCA1-Dependent DNA Damage Response

Histone ubiquitination participates in multiple cellular processes, including the DNA damage response. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are not clear. Here, we have identified that RAP80/UIMC1 (ubiquitin interaction motif containing 1), a functional partner of BRCA1, recognizes ubiquitinated histones H2A and H2B. The interaction between RAP80 and ubiquitinated histones H2A and H2B is increased following DNA damage. Since RAP80 facilitates BRCA1’s translocation to DNA damage sites, our results indicate that ubiquitinated histones H2A and H2B could be upstream partners of the BRCA1/RAP80 complex in the DNA damage response. Moreover, we have found that RNF8 (ring finger protein 8), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, regulates ubiquitination of both histones H2A and H2B. In RNF8-deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts, ubiquitination of both histones H2A and H2B is dramatically reduced, which abolishes the DNA damage-induced BRCA1 and RAP80 accumulation at damage lesions on the chromatin. Taken together, our results suggest that ubiquitinated histones H2A and H2B may recruit the BRCA1 complex to DNA damage lesions on the chromatin.
Self-assembly of tetrareduced corannulene with mixed Li–Rb clusters: dynamic transformations, unique structures and record 7Li NMR shifts

Self-assembly processes of the highly reduced bowl-shaped corannulene generated by the chemical reduction with a binary combination of alkali metals, namely Li-Rb, have been investigated by variable-temperature 1H and 7Li NMR spectroscopy. The formation of several unique mixed metal sandwich products based on tetrareduced corannulene, C20H104- (14-), has been revealed followed by investigation of their dynamic transformations in solutions. Analysis of NMR data allowed to propose the mechanism of stepwise alkali metal substitution as well as to identify experimental conditions for the isolation of intermediate and final supramolecular products. As a result, two new triple-decker aggregates with a mixed Li-Rb core, [{Rb(THF)2}2]//[Li3Rb2(C20H10)2{Li+(THF)}] (2) and [{Rb(diglyme)}2]//[Li3Rb3(C20H10)2(diglyme)2]·0.5THF (3·0.5THF), have been crystallized and structurally characterized. The Li3Rb2-product has an open coordination site at the sandwich periphery and thus is considered transient on the way to the Li3Rb3-sandwich having the maximized intercalated alkali metal content. Next, the formation of the LiRb5 self-assembly with 14- has been identified by 7Li NMR as the final step in a series of dynamic transformations in this system. This product was also isolated and crystallographically characterized to confirm the LiRb5 core. Notably, all sandwiches have their central cavities, located in between the hub-sites of two C20H104- decks, occupied by an internal Li+ ion which exhibits the record high negative shift (ranging from -21 to -25 ppm) in 7Li NMR spectra. The isolation of three novel aggregates having different Li-Rb core compositions allowed us to look into the origin of the unusual 7Li NMR shifts at the molecular level. The discussion of formation mechanisms, dynamic transformations as well as unique electronic structures of these remarkable mixed alkali metal organometallic self-assemblies is provided and supported by DFT calculations.
Trajectory tracking using neural networks

Presents a method for tracking prespecified trajectories in industrial drive systems with a multilayered feedforward neural network. The method utilizes the backpropagation technique to learn feedback-error ranges, in which appropriate control actions can be generated from a lookup table. It can follow arbitrarily prescribed trajectories even when they are not present in the training phase. This approach is simple and practical for real-time implementation. Examples are included to demonstrate the effectiveness. The analogy between this scheme and a fuzzy logic control strategy is also investigated. >
Visualization blackboard-acoustic holography

The technique of acoustic holography is explained, using the example of a submerged, radiating, cylindrical object. The generalized near-field acoustical holography, Genah technique is described, focusing on its use of scientific visualization techniques. Incrementing the frequency of the visualized portion of the data set allows the frequency dependence of the acoustic pressure radiating from the cylinder. Incrementing the frequency of the visualized portion of the data set allows the frequency dependence of the acoustic pressure radiating from the cylinder to be observed. Additionally, the visible surfaces of the volume of pressure can be systematically enlarged, providing insight into the structure of the radiating pressure field for a given frequency. >
Problem articulation and the processes of assistance: An activity theoretic view of mediation in game play

Abstract In this article, we study a local adaptation of the Fifth Dimension [Cole, M. (1996). Cultural psychology: A once and future discipline . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press] known as Las Redes (i.e., Networks of Collaboration in the Fifth Dimension) to examine how the multiple activity systems of Las Redes, e.g. the undergraduate course and the school and university communities—all organized around cultural-historical activity theories of learning and development—promote learning among undergraduate and elementary school children. In particular, the article focuses on a particular social situation of development in which the social organization of learning and forms of mediation available inspire new forms of participation and assistance. Activity Theory, as a present-to-future model of development, is used to examine how these developmental processes were structured through problem articulation (finding, identifying, and representing problems) during computer-mediated collaborative problem solving activities.
Determinants of Hispanic Poverty in the Course of the Transition to Adulthood

The poverty rate among Hispanicfamilies is greater than 25%, a rate almost three times as high as that of non-Hispanic Whites. Yet, despite the data on the extent of poverty, we know little about the processes that result in poverty among Hispanics. This study examines the conditions during the transition to adulthood that affect the probability of poverty among this population. Based on data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, the study shows that factors associated with the socioeconomic resources of the family of origin and individual aptitude at the adolescent stage, as well as educational and migration decisions made in the course of the transition to adulthood, influence the risk offalling into poverty in young adulthood. On the other hand, although adolescent background is important, the unique placement of young adults in the current labor market also structures their poverty outcomes.
The Bureaucratic Logic of Entrepreneurial Firms: Providing Opportunity for Women or Just Window Dressing?

The article reviews the research article “In the Company of Women: Gender Inequality and the Logic of Bureaucracy in Start-up Firms,” by J.N. Baron, M.T. Hannon, G. Hsu, and O. Kocak published in “Work and Occupations issue 34(1). The author states that it is more difficult that one would think to identify companies that provide the best employment opportunities for women. The research looks at several high-technology firms and find that women ought to look at the underlying cultural logic of the firms.
Small interfering RNA therapy in cancer: mechanism, potential targets, and clinical applications.

Background: Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has become a powerful tool in knocking down or silencing gene expression in most cells. siRNA-based therapy has shown great promise for many diseases such as cancer. Major targets for siRNA therapy include oncogenes and genes that are involved in angiogenesis, metastasis, survival, antiapoptosis and resistance to chemotherapy. Objectives: This review briefly summarizes current advances in siRNA therapy and clinical applications in cancers, especially in pancreatic cancer. Methods: This review article covers several aspects of siRNA therapy in cancer, which include the types of siRNA, the delivery systems for siRNA, and the major targets for siRNA therapy. Specific attention is given to siRNA in pancreatic cancer, which is our main research focus. Results/conclusion: siRNA can be introduced into the cells by using either chemically synthesized siRNA oligonucleotides (oligos), or vector-based siRNA (shRNA), which allows long lasting and more stable gene silencing. N...
Of Belts and Ladders: State Policy and Uneven Regional Development in Post-Mao China

Abstract This paper investigates the driving forces that have brought about recent changes in China's regional development. I review the dramatic shifts in development philosophy during the post-Mao period, and discuss the role of Western neoclassical theories in influencing state regional policy and their relevance in predicting patterns of regional development in China. In contrast to the Maoist period, Chinese development philosophy since the late 1970s has emphasized efficiency rather than equity, and open-door rather than self-reliance. The regional policy that ensued has favored the eastern region and selected coastal provinces and cities. Despite this spatially biased regional policy, the literature has observed a decline in regional inequality in China. The empirical analysis in this paper resolves this paradox by investigating changes in uneven development at multiple scales of resolution. Specifically, inter-provincial inequality declined because a new growth corridor emerged along the southern ...
Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents

Child and adolescent therapy has progressed considerably, as reflected in the number of controlled studies, their methodological quality, and identification of evidence-based treatments. Treatments with strong evidence in their behalf are used for several clinical problems. Despite the progress, several key areas have been neglected in research and this has greatly limited what we know about treatment. Prominent among these areas of neglect is research on the mechanisms of change, the moderators of treatment outcome, and the generality of research findings to the conditions of clinical practice. This article highlights progress, characteristics, and limitations of current therapy research. In addition, a research plan is offered to advance research by (a) understanding the mechanisms or processes through which therapeutic change occurs, (b) drawing on developmental psychopathology research to inform treatment, (c) expanding the range of questions that guide treatment research and the range of outcome doma...
Aggregation of N-Terminal Huntingtin is Dependent on the Length of Its Glutamine Repeats

Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by expansion of a glutamine repeat in huntingtin. Mutant huntingtin contains 36-55 repeats in adult HD patients and >60 repeats in juvenile HD patients. An N-terminal fragment of mutant huntingtin forms aggregates in neuronal nuclei in the brains of transgenic mice and HD patients. Aggregation of expanded polyglutamine is thought to be a common pathological mechanism in HD and other glutamine repeat diseases. It is not clear how the length of the repeats is correlated with formation of protein aggregates. By expressing a series of huntingtin constructs encoding various glutamine repeats (23-150 units) in cultured cells we observed N-terminal fragments of huntingtin (amino acids 1-67 and 1-212), but not full-length huntingtins, with glutamine repeats >/=66 units formed protein aggregates. Huntingtin aggregation was not induced when the repeat was /=120 units. This study suggests that various N-terminal fragments of mutant huntingtin can form aggregates and that aggregation is prompted by lengthening the glutamine repeat.
Revisiting Mead on Pragmatic "Fusion": From Emotion to Function

A recent biography and re-issue of George H. Mead's Mind, Self, and Society emphasize the emergent meanings of his work and of self's cognitive and affective dimensions in interaction. Erving Goffman likewise posits an interaction order based on individual and social identity. Mead's metaphor of fusion furthers recognition of an emotional merging of selves with each other and with emerging community. He initially characterizes this experience as "precious" and illustrates its presence in interactional domains such as teamwork, religion, and patriotism. Among other scholars, Charles Taylor uses fusion to interpret aspects of the contemporary secular age. Application to terrorist identities finds that emotional fusion motivates actions that threaten the moral imperative informing presentation of selves that grounds public order. From a pragmatic perspective, selves in pluralistic contexts must subordinate emotional fusion to functional fusion within an interaction order that fosters a larger self and more inclusive community to address common issues.
High Dynamic Range Fiber Optic Link Measurements With Traveling Wave Linearized Directional Coupler Modulators

An important figure of merit for all high frequency analog transmission links is the spur free dynamic range (SFDR) which is the ratio of the largest to smallest signal that the link can transmit and receive without introducing distortion. The two factors which limit the dynamic range in fiber optic links are the system noise, predominantly from the laser relative intensity noise and the photodetector shot noise, and the non-linearity of the modulation process. The noise level of fiber optic systems has been reduced as much as possible for now through the use of high-power solid state or DFB lasers and attention has turned to improving the linearity of the modulation.
Trust as a Human Factor in Holistic Cyber Security Risk Assessment

Abstract Holistic assessment of cyber security risks is a complex multi-component and multi-level problem involving hardware, software, environmental, and human factors. As part of an on-going effort to develop a holistic, predictive cyber security risk assessment model, the characterization of human factors, which includes human behavior, is needed to understand how the actions of users, defenders, and attackers affect cyber security risk. The work group developing this new cyber security risk assessment model and framework has chosen to distinguish between trust and confidence by using “trust” only for human factors, and “confidence” for all non-human factors (e.g. hardware and software) in order to reduce confusion between the two concepts within our model. We have developed an initial framework for how to incorporate trust as a factor/parameter within a larger characterization of the human influences (users, defenders and attackers) on cyber security risk. Trust in the human factors is composed of two main categories: inherent characteristics, that which is a part of the individual, and situational characteristics, that which is outside of the individual. The use of trust as a human factor in holistic cyber security risk assessment will also rely on understanding how differing mental models and risk postures impact the level trust given to an individual and the biases affecting the ability to give said trust.
410 WHEN TO LIST FOR REDO HEART TRANSPLANT IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE CARDIAC ALLOGRAFT VASCULOPATHY.

It is not known when to consider retransplantation for patients with severe cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). It has been reported that patients with severe 3 vessel disease have high mortality in the ensuing years after diagnosis. We evaluated 356 patients between January 1994 and December 2003 for the initial diagnosis of CAV at annual coronary angiography and followed these patients for 5-year clinical outcomes of survival. The patients were divided into those that developed early CAV (less than 2 years) and those that developed late CAV (greater than 2 years from heart transplant). There were 26 patients with early CAV. 18 of these patients were found to have initial diagnosis of 1-, 2-, 3-vessel CAV without left ventricular dysfunction (LVdys) and 8 patients were found to have initial diagnosis of 1-, 2-, 3-vessel coronary disease with LVdys (LVEF ≤40%). Of these 18 patients, 5-year survival was significantly lower compared to patients without any CAV (n = 265 patients) (61.1% vs 86.4%, p Conclusion Patients with early (less than 2 years post transplant) 3-vessel CAV with and without LVEF
Beyond Binary Fission: Some Bacteria Reproduce by Alternative Means

Many bacteria reproduce by binary fission, with each cell doubling in size, replicating and segregating its genetic material, and dividing to form two equivalent daughter cells. However, some bacteria follow alternative reproductive strategies, and researchers are steadily gaining insights about some of these other processes.
Effect of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on myelopoiesis in patients with refractory metastatic carcinoma.

The effect of human recombinant GM-colony-stimulating factor (CSF) was evaluated in ten patients with refractory metastatic carcinoma. Initially they received an intravenous (IV) bolus injection of 5 or 25 sg/m2 for assessment of acute responses. Six days later. continuous IV infusions of 100 or 500 �ig/m2 were initiated for a 14-day treatment course. All patients developed profound leukopenia within five to 30 minutes of the bolus injection. This appeared to result from increased expression of an adhesion-promoting glycoprotein (GP) on neutrophils and monocytes as judged by increased reactivity to the Mol monoclonal antibody (MoAb). Leukocyte counts returned to normal levels within two hours as cells were released from marrow stores. With the continuous infusion, leukocyte counts increased T HE COLONY-STIMULATING factors (CSFs) are a series of glycoproteins (GPs) responsible for proliferation and differentiation of granulocytic and monocytic progenitor cells.’ The CSFs are defined by their capacity to stimulate colonies of granulocytes and macrophages from bone marrow (BM) cells in soft agar gels. Specific types of CSFs are recognized depending on their in vitro activities. G-CSF, M-CSF, and GM-CSF stimulate the respective growth of granulocyte, macrophage, or bipotential GM colonies. Multi-CSF or interleukin-3 (IL-3) yields multipotential colonies that also include eosinophils, megakaryocytes, and erythroid cells. GM-CSF also stimulates the growth of erythroid and multipotential cells when assayed in combination with erythropoietin (Epo).” Recent cloning and expression of the various murine and human CSFs have provided sufficient quantities of these factors for in vivo testing.”4 Stimulation of myelopoiesis has been observed after administration of munine GM-CSF,5 G-CSF,6 and IL-3”t to normal mice. Both recombinant
Using MTBindingSim as a tool for experimental planning and interpretation.

Abstract MTBindingSim is a program that enables users to simulate experiments in which proteins or other ligands (e.g., drugs) bind to microtubules or other polymers under various binding models. The purpose of MTBindingSim is to help researchers and students gain an intuitive understanding of binding behavior and design experiments to distinguish between different binding mechanisms. MTBindingSim is open-source, freely available software and can be found at bindingtutor.org/mtbindingsim. This chapter first describes the capabilities of MTBindingSim, including the experimental designs and protein-binding models that it simulates, and then discusses two examples in which MTBindingSim is utilized in an experimental context. In the first, MTBindingSim is used to investigate potential explanations for unusual behavior observed in the binding of the neuronal protein Tau to microtubules, demonstrating that some potential explanations are incompatible with the experimental data. In the second example, MTBindingSim is used to design experiments to examine the question of whether the plus-end tracking protein EB1 binds preferentially to the microtubule seam.
Suppression of cough-reflex sensitivity by electronic cigarette use: Effect of nicotine

Background: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) have gained significant popularity worldwide yet studies evaluating their physiological effects are scarce. We recently demonstrated that a single exposure to e-cig vapor in healthy nonsmokers causes significant inhibition of cough reflex sensitivity (ATS 2015). The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of nicotine in this phenomenon by comparing the effect of nicotine- and non-nicotine-containing e-cig exposure on cough and cough reflex sensitivity. Methods: In our initial study 30 subjects underwent baseline cough reflex sensitivity measurement employing capsaicin cough challenge and again one day later 15 minutes after inhalation of 30 puffs of a nicotine-containing e-cig (Blu, Lorillard, USA) administered 30 seconds apart thus approximating the nicotine delivery of one tobacco cigarette. The number of coughs induced by e-cig inhalation was recorded. The standard endpoint of cough challenge was used: concentration of capsaicin inducing ≥5 coughs (C 5 ). Subjects with the highest degree of inhibition of cough reflex sensitivity, defined as C 5 increase of ≥2 doubling concentrations (n=8) underwent an identical protocol using a non-nicotine-containing e-cig (BlueStar, USA). Results: The 8 subjects who had experienced the largest inhibition of cough reflex sensitivity after nicotine-containing e-cig exposure demonstrated no effect after use of the non-nicotine e-cig (p=0.0078). However, nicotine e-cig inhalation acutely induced more coughs than did the nicotine-free e-cig: 8.9±8.0(SD) vs. 1.3±2.4, p=0.0156. Conclusion: Our results suggest a dual action of nicotine: an immediate peripheral protussive effect and a delayed central antitussive effect.
The theory of deductive database systems

Highlights in three areas are discussed: (1) efficient algorithms for evaluating declarative logic, with 'declarative' referring to logical rules (if . . . then statements) whose intended meaning is the minimal fixpoint, that is, the set of deducible facts; (2) methods for dealing with nonmonotonic logic, that is, with sets of rules that do not have a unique minimal fixpoint to serve as the natural meaning of the logical rules; and (3) extensions to traditional first-order logic that offer capabilities beyond that found in first-order-logic systems, of which the Structured Query Language (SQL) is the most significant example. These extensions include the ability to support objects, side effects, and higher order features, such as predicates (essentially relation names) as variables. Effectively, these extensions introduce many of the features associated with object-oriented database systems into the domain of logic languages. >
Energy Gap between the Poly- p -phenylene Bridge and Donor Groups Controls the Hole Delocalization in Donor–Bridge–Donor Wires

Poly-p-phenylene wires are critically important as charge-transfer materials in photovoltaics. A comparative analysis of a series of poly-p-phenylene (RPPn) wires, capped with isoalkyl (iAPPn), alkoxy (ROPPn), and dialkylamino (R2NPPn) groups, shows unexpected evolution of oxidation potentials, i.e., decrease (−260 mV) for iAPPn, while increase for ROPPn (+100 mV) and R2NPPn (+350 mV) with increasing number of p-phenylenes. Moreover, redox/optical properties and DFT calculations of R2NPPn/R2NPPn+• further show that the symmetric bell-shaped hole distribution distorts and shifts toward one end of the molecule with only 4 p-phenylenes in R2NPPn+•, while shifting of the hole occurs with 6 and 8 p-phenylenes in ROPPn+• and iAPPn+•, respectively. Availability of accurate experimental data on highly electron-rich dialkylamino-capped R2NPPn together with ROPPn and iAPPn allowed us to demonstrate, using our recently developed Marcus-based multistate model (MSM), that an increase of oxidation potentials in R2NPPn ...
Smartphone App Evolution and Early Understanding from a Multimodal App User Survey

Travelers are increasingly turning to smartphone applications for an array of transportation functions. Four types of transportation apps have emerged: (1) mobility apps; (2) connected vehicle apps; (3) smart-parking apps; and (4) courier network service (CNS) apps. This chapter discusses the history and trends leading to the growth and development of transportation apps and summarizes key characteristics of 83 transportation apps identified through an Internet search cataloging transportation apps with more than 10,000 downloads each. Seventy-one percent of the 83 apps identified incorporated a real-time data function (e.g., traffic conditions, roadway incidents, parking availability, and public transit wait times). Additionally, the chapter reports on findings from a survey, conducted in spring 2016, of 130 app users who downloaded the RideScout mobility aggregator app (which ceased operations in August 2016). The survey, which asked respondents questions about their use of mobility aggregators more generally, sought to understand how multi-modal information apps shift travel behavior. The findings showed that most users of such apps would walk, drive alone, and carpool during a typical month. Fifty percent of respondents drove alone once or more per day. Twenty-five percent owned one vehicle, and 75% owned two or more vehicles. Thirty-nine percent of respondents reported that they drove less or much less due to the apps. Findings from the survey suggest that multi-modal app users do change their travel behavior in response to information provided, and they may contribute to a reduction in vehicle use.
Multiple Oral Mucosal Hamartomas in a 34-Year Old Female

A case of Cowden syndrome (CS) is described in a 34-year-old African American female who reported a history of breast and thyroid malignancies. Clinical examination demonstrated multiple soft, white-pink papules across multiple mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity. Microscopy of the lesions revealed hyperkeratotic surface squamous epithelium with papillomatosis and acanthosis along with elongated rete processes. A genomic polymerase chain reaction direct sequencing using the patient's blood was positive for mutations of the PTEN gene typical of CS.
Lepidoptera Diversity in North Sulawesi

A month-long study in October 1985 on the Lepidoptera of the Dumoga-Bone National Park, Sulawesi, assessed the diversity in the area and provided a general inventory of the species The significant ...
Frequency Response of a Coupled Magnetoelectric Hexaferrite Film on a Spiral Coil

This letter presents an experimental assessment and evaluation of the frequency response of a recently proposed magneto-electric (ME) device (suitable for H- and E -field sensor and tuning applications). The device is fabricated by incorporating a single-phase ME hexaferrite thin film on a silicon substrate, which is able to operate at a few volts. A conductive buffer layer of indium tin oxide is introduced between the Si substrate and the ME film to accommodate the voltage reduction for ME film excitation at room temperature. A planar spiral coil is then utilized for application or detection of an ac magnetic field by excitation of the ME film or change in magnetization as a flux, respectively. Through a nonlinear experiment, the frequency of the signals for both spiral coil and ME film is changed in the range of 1-10 MHz. The voltage across the coil is then measured as a function of the two sources with coupled frequencies. Coupling is, therefore, related to the frequency and amplitude of both these signals. The frequency response in these experiments provides a better understanding of the ME effect coupling. Experimental data confirm these findings.
MS2 Lysis of Escherichia coli Depends on Host Chaperone DnaJ.

The L protein of the single-stranded RNA phage MS2 causes lysis of Escherichia coli without inducing bacteriolytic activity or inhibiting net peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis. To find host genes required for L-mediated lysis, spontaneous Ill (insensitivity to L lysis) mutants were selected as survivors of L expression and shown to have a missense change of the highly conserved proline (P330Q) in the C-terminal domain of DnaJ. In the dnaJP330Q mutant host, L-mediated lysis is completely blocked at 30°C without affecting the intracellular levels of L. At higher temperatures (37°C and 42°C), both lysis and L accumulation are delayed. The lysis block at 30°C in the dnaJP330Q mutant was recessive and could be suppressed by L overcomes dnaJ (Lodj) alleles selected for restoration of lysis. All three Lodj alleles lack the highly basic N-terminal half of the lysis protein and cause lysis ∼20 min earlier than full-length L. DnaJ was found to form a complex with full-length L. This complex was abrogated by the P330Q mutation and was absent with the Lodj truncations. These results suggest that, in the absence of interaction with DnaJ, the N-terminal domain of L interferes with its ability to bind to its unknown target. The lysis retardation and DnaJ chaperone dependency conferred by the nonessential, highly basic N-terminal domain of L resembles the SlyD chaperone dependency conferred by the highly basic C-terminal domain of the E lysis protein of ϕX174, suggesting a common theme where single-gene lysis can be modulated by host factors influenced by physiological conditions. IMPORTANCE Small single-stranded nucleic acid lytic phages (Microviridae and Leviviridae) lyse their host by expressing a single “protein antibiotic.” The protein antibiotics from two out of three prototypic small lytic viruses have been shown to inhibit two different steps in the conserved PG biosynthesis pathway. However, the molecular basis of lysis caused by L, the lysis protein of the third prototypic virus, MS2, is unknown. The significance of our research lies in the identification of DnaJ as a chaperone in the MS2 L lysis pathway and the identification of the minimal lytic domain of MS2 L. Additionally, our research highlights the importance of the highly conserved P330 residue in the C-terminal domain of DnaJ for specific protein interactions.
Abstract 20459: Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Regulates KCNQ1 to Reduce the Slow Component of the Delayed Rectifier Potassium Current, IKs

Introduction: Sustained β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) activation during heart failure has pathologic consequences including enhanced calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity,...
Impact of oxygen chemistry on the emission and fluorescence spectroscopy of laser ablation plumes

Abstract Oxygen present in the ambient gas medium may affect both laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) emission through a reduction of emission intensity and persistence. In this study, an evaluation is made on the role of oxygen in the ambient environment under atmospheric pressure conditions in LIBS and laser ablation (LA)-LIF emission. To generate plasmas, 1064 nm, 10 ns pulses were focused on an aluminum alloy sample. LIF was performed by frequency scanning a CW laser over the 396.15 nm (3s 2 4s 2 S 1/2 → 3s 2 3p 2 P° 3/2 ) Al I transition. Time-resolved emission and fluorescence signals were recorded to evaluate the variation in emission intensity caused by the presence of oxygen. The oxygen partial pressure ( p o ) in the atmospheric pressure environment using N 2 as the makeup gas was varied from 0 to 400 Torr O 2 . 2D–fluorescence spectroscopy images were obtained for various oxygen concentrations for simultaneous evaluation of the emission and excitation spectral features. Results showed that the presence of oxygen in the ambient environment reduces the persistence of the LIBS and LIF emission through an oxidation process that depletes the density of atomic species within the resulting laser-produced plasma (LPP) plume.
Women, Conflict and Trafficking: Towards a Stronger Normative Framework for Protection

Human trafficking for forced labor and sexual exploitation is one of the fastest growing areas of international criminal activity and one that is of increasing concern to the international community. Human trafficking is the recruitment, transportation, harboring, or receipt of people for the purpose of exploitation. That exploitation takes many varied forms, but in all cases it leads to forced labor or sexual exploitation for profit or benefit of another. Armed conflict is inextricably linked to trafficking. War and instability cause a breakdown in law and order, a deterioration of institutional and social protection mechanisms, increased poverty, deprivation, and dislocation of the civilian population – creating an environment in which trafficking flourishes. Traffickers take advantage of the opportunity to exploit the vulnerable. They prey on those who are forcibly displaced or compelled to migrate in search of safety and stability, both internally and across borders, and they forcibly abduct those who lack adequate protection.
Organometal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes with laminated carbon nanotube electrodes

Organometal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with laminated carbon nanotube (CNT) electrodes are reported. The LEDs have an indium tin oxide (ITO) bottom electrode, a screen printed methylammonium lead tribromide (MAPbBr3)/polymer composite thin film as the emissive layer, and laminated CNT as the top electrode. The devices can be turned on at 2.2 V, reaching a brightness of 4,960 cd m−2 and a current efficiency of 1.54 cd A−1 at 6.9 V. The greatly simplified fabrication process in this work can potentially lead to the scalable manufacturing of large size and low cost LED panels in the future.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-linked mutation in troponin T causes myofibrillar disarray and pro-arrhythmic action potential changes in human iPSC cardiomyocytes.

Abstract Background Mutations in cardiac troponin T (TnT) are linked to increased risk of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death despite causing little to no cardiac hypertrophy. Studies in mice suggest that the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)-associated TnT-I79N mutation increases myofilament Ca sensitivity and is arrhythmogenic, but whether findings from mice translate to human cardiomyocyte electrophysiology is not known. Objectives To study the effects of the TnT-I79N mutation in human cardiomyocytes. Methods Using CRISPR/Cas9, the TnT-I79N mutation was introduced into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). We then used the matrigel mattress method to generate single rod-shaped cardiomyocytes (CMs) and studied contractility, Ca handling and electrophysiology. Results Compared to isogenic control hiPSC-CMs, TnT-I79N hiPSC-CMs exhibited sarcomere disorganization, increased systolic function and impaired relaxation. The Ca-dependence of contractility was leftward shifted in mutation containing cardiomyocytes, demonstrating increased myofilament Ca sensitivity. In voltage-clamped hiPSC-CMs, TnT-I79N reduced intracellular Ca transients by enhancing cytosolic Ca buffering. These changes in Ca handling resulted in beat-to-beat instability and triangulation of the cardiac action potential, which are predictors of arrhythmia risk. The myofilament Ca sensitizer EMD57033 produced similar action potential triangulation in control hiPSC-CMs. Conclusions The TnT-I79N hiPSC-CM model not only reproduces key cellular features of TnT-linked HCM such as myofilament disarray, hypercontractility and diastolic dysfunction, but also suggests that this TnT mutation causes pro-arrhythmic changes of the human ventricular action potential.
MRI features predictive of negative surgical margins in patients with HER2 overexpressing breast cancer undergoing breast conservation.

Here we develop a tool to predict resectability of HER2+ breast cancer at breast conservation surgery (BCS) utilizing features identified on preoperative breast MRI. We identified patients with HER2+ breast cancer who obtained pre-operative breast MRI and underwent BCS between 2002–2013. From the contoured tumor on pre-operative MRI, shape, histogram, and co-occurrence and size zone matrix texture features were extracted. In univariate analysis, Spearman’s correlation coefficient (Rs) was used to assess the correlation between each image feature and an endpoint (surgical re-excision). For multivariate modeling, we employed a support vector machine (SVM) method in a manner of leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV). Of 109 patients with HER2+breast cancer who underwent BCS, 39% underwent surgical re-excision. 62% had residual cancer at re-excision. In univariate analysis, solidity (Rs = −0.32, p = 0.009) and extent (Rs = −0.29, p = 0.019) were significantly associated with re-excision. Skewness in post-contrast 1, 2, and 3 (Rs = 0.25, p = 0.045; Rs = 0.30, p = 0.015; Rs = 0.28, p = 0.026) and kurtosis in post-contrast 1 (Rs = 0.26, p = 0.035) were also statistically significant. LOOCV-based SVM test achieved 74.4% specificity and 71.4% sensitivity when 21 features were used. Thus, tumor texture, histogram and morphological MRI features may assist surgical planning, encouraging wide margins or mastectomy in patients who may otherwise go on to re-excision.
Red man syndrome caused by vancomycin powder

Red man syndrome (RMS) is a well-known hypersensitivity reaction caused by intravenous administration of vancomycin, with symptoms ranging from flushing, erythematous rash, pruritus, mild to profound hypotension, and even cardiac arrest. RMS has not previously been described from local application of vancomycin powder in a surgical wound, a technique increasingly utilized for infection prophylaxis in many surgical disciplines including neurosurgery. We describe the first reported case of RMS as a result of local intra-wound application of vancomycin powder for infection prophylaxis. A 73-year-old male with a history of Parkinson's disease underwent 2-stage deep brain stimulation implantation surgeries. Vancomycin powder was applied locally in the surgical wounds for infection prophylaxis during both of the surgeries. The patient developed a well-demarcated, geometric erythematous pruritic rash following the second surgery that was clinically diagnosed as RMS and resolved without sequelae.
Use of Stakeholder Focus Groups to Define the Mission and Scope of a new Department of Population Health

The focus and funding of US healthcare is evolving from volume to value-based, and healthcare leaders, managers, payers, and researchers are increasingly focusing on managing populations of patients. Simultaneously, there is increasing interest in getting “upstream” from disease management to promote health and prevent disease. Hence, the term “population health” has both clinical and community-based connotations relevant to the tripartite mission of US medical schools. To seek broad input for the strategic development of the Department of Population Health in a new medical school at a tier 1 research university. Focus groups with facilitated consensus development. Eighty-one persons representing the Dell Medical School and other schools at the University of Texas at Austin, city/county government, community nonprofit organizations, and faculty from other local university schools along with selected national academic leaders. Focus groups with subsequent consensus development of emphases identified premeeting by participants by e-mail exchanges. The resulting departmental strategic plan included scope of work, desired characteristics of leaders, and early impact activities in seven areas of interest: community engagement and health equity, primary care and value-based health, occupational and environment medicine, medical education, health services and community-based research, health informatics and data analysis, and global health. Medical schools should have a primary focus in population, most effectively at the departmental level. Engaging relevant academic and community stakeholders is an effective model for developing this emerging discipline in US medical schools.
The Making of a Polymer Colloid

Both conventional and inverse emulsion polymerization comprise the emulsification of an immiscible monomer in a continuous medium followed by polymerization with a free radical initiator to give a colloidal sol of polymer particles. Both processes give “emulsion polymerization kinetics”, i.e., a proportionality of both the polymerization rate and polymer molecular weight to the number of particles instead of the inverse relationship between rate and molecular weight observed for mass, solution, and suspension polymerization. The emulsion polymerization process can be divided into particle nucleation and particle growth stages and can be carried out using batch, semi-continuous, or continuous processes. Seeded emulsion polymerization can be used to avoid the particle nucleation stage in all three processes. The many mechanisms proposed for the initiation of emulsion polymerization can be divided into four categories according to the locus of particle initiation: (i) monomer-swollen micelles; (ii) adsorbed emulsifier layer; (iii) aqueous phase; (iv) monomer droplets. These general principles are applied to: (i) the preparation of monodisperse latexes by seeded emulsion polymerization; (ii) the locus of particle initiation for various monomers and initiators; (iii) emulsion copolymerization; (iv) core-shell emulsion copolymerization; (v) polymerization in fine monomer droplets; (vi) inverse emulsion polymerization.
Comparative density of the human T-cell antigen T65 on normal peripheral blood T cells and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells.

A 65,000 dalton T-cell specific antigen previously demonstrated to be present on the surface of normal and malignant T cells, but not normal B cells, has been detected on the surface of leukemic cells from patients wih nonsecretory, surface immunoglobulin-positive chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). By means of immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, the relative surface density of the T65 antigen on CLL cells was compared to that on normal peripheral blood T cells and human thymocytes, as well as cell lines of T-cell lineage. In all cases, the CLL cells had a more homogeneous and a lower median fluorescence intensity than that of normal circulating T cells. Thymocytes were composed of three populations, two with low surface density of T65 resembling the CLL cells and the other with higher density similar to normal T cells. The staining of cell lines varied from bright, heterogeneous staining (8402) to uniform, low-density staining (Molt- 4). The implications of these findings with regard to lymphocyte differentiation are discussed.
Circular Dichroism of DNA, Proteins and Chromatin

Although great strides have been made towards the elucidation of the structure of chromatin, many details remain unanswered as to the manner in which DNA is folded and condensed in the nucleus. The role played by the histones in the condensation of DNA in the nucleosome and the higher order tertiary structure still awaits clarification. The state of condensation of DNA plays an important role in genetic regulation as this conformational flexibility determines which regions of the DNA are available for transcription.
Admittance Trajectory Tracking using a Challenge-Based Rehabilitation Robot with Functional Electrical Stimulation

In an effort to combine two rehabilitation strategies, Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) and robotic therapy, a rehabilitation robot was developed to challenge an arm during bicep curls elicited by closed-loop control of FES. The robot is designed to act as an admittance and its robust, sliding mode controller is proven to be passive with respect to the human. The FES controller utilizes a robust, sliding mode control design to then dominate the robot effects and obtain global exponential stability as demonstrated by a Lyapunov-based stability analysis. The two interacting controllers yield arm position and velocity regulation, where the robot challenges this movement with a desired admittance.
Malignant wounds associated with cancer: Delay in treatment, impairment in quality of life and associated psychosocial and financial burden.

e22171Background: Malignant wounds are a rare complication of advanced cancer in which tumor cells erode the skin. These wounds have a high symptom burden—including exudate, malodor, bleeding, and ...
Monitoring Surface Phenomena Created by an Underground Chemical Explosion Using Fully Polarimetric VideoSAR

Sandia National Laboratories flew its Facility for Advanced RF and Algorithm Development X-Band (9.6-GHz center frequency), fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) in VideoSAR mode to collect complex-valued SAR imagery before, during, and after the sixth Source Physics Experiment’s (SPE-6) underground explosion. The VideoSAR products generated from the data sets include “movies” of single-and quad-polarization coherence maps, magnitude imagery, and polarimetric decompositions. Residual defocus, due to platform motion during data acquisition, was corrected with a digital elevation model-based autofocus algorithm. We generated and exploited the VideoSAR image products to characterize the surface movement effects caused by the underground explosion. Unlike seismic sensors, which measure local area seismic waves using sparse spacing and subterranean positioning, these VideoSAR products captured high-spatial resolution, 2-D, time-varying surface movement. The results from the fifth SPE (SPE-5) used single-polarimetric VideoSAR data. In this paper, we present single-polarimetric and fully polarimetric VideoSAR results while monitoring the SPE-6 underground chemical explosion. We show that fully polarimetric VideoSAR imaging provides a unique, coherent, time-varying measure of the surface expression of the SPE-6 underground chemical explosion. We include new surface characterization results from the measured PolSAR SPE-6 data via $H/A/\alpha $ polarimetric decomposition.