cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Margin-setting with hyperellipsoidal surfaces

In a number of prior papers we described and explored a new pattern recognition method called Margin-Setting that accomplishes excellent generalization using very few training samples. The result was a multi-round classifier with each round consisting of a set of hyperspheres such that if a datum fell within a certain hypersphere, it was labeled with one particular class. Margin-Setting achieves concurrent low Vapnik-Chervonenkis (VC) dimension and high accuracy which is a consequence of partitioning the training set into smaller sets that make this possible. This paper extends Margin-Setting from hyperspheres to hyperellipsoids resulting in improved performance.
Evaluation of parent clones of potato for resistance to common scab by the “highest scab” method

The use of the highest scab method for estimating resistance to common scab of parent clones of potato was studied. Under Minnesota conditions, three years of testing appear necessary for estimating clonal resistance by the highest scab method. Clonal resistance of parents was related directly to resistance of progenies. Parents with highest degrees of clonal resistance produced most resistant progenies, those with lower degrees of clonal resistance produced less resistant progenies, and those with no scab-resistant ancestry produced least resistant progenies. Inheritance of resistance to common scab could be explained on a single gene basis with dominance at the duplex level or with the duplex condition necessary for effective clonal resistance.
Critical behavior of the Hall coefficient of Si:B.

Measurements between 0.05 and 1 K in magnetic fields small enough to ensure linear response (B1 T) indicate that the Hall coefficient of Si:B diverges at the metal-insulator transition. This is similar to Ge:Sb and differs from the finite behavior claimed for Si:As and Si:F. Our result may be due to strong spin-orbit effects; it is inconsistent with a recent suggestion that the Hall coefficient is finite in systems with critical conductivity exponent \ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\approxeq}1/2.
Release and Recovery of the Elm Spanworm Egg Parasitoid Ooencyrtus clisiocampae in Connecticut

Two native egg parasitoids, Ooencyrtus clisiocampae (Ashmead) and Telenomus alsophilae Viereck, suppress populations of the elm spanworm, Ennomos subsignarius (Hubner). Both of these parasitoids occur in Connecticut, but O. clisiocampae has been the more important in reducing elm spanworm populations during the present outbreak in this State. It was responsible for the complete collapse of elm spanworm populations in southwestern Connecticut in 1972 (Kaya and Anderson 1972; Anderson 1972). T. alsophilae played a major role in causing a collapse of populations of this defoliator in the southern Appalachians in the 1960's (Ciesla 1964. 1965; Drooz 1964). We report here the release of O. clisiocampae and the recovery of their progeny in host eggs artificially placed in two Connecticut forests.
A Macroeconomic Assessment of Strategic Factors in Professional Services

ABSTRACT This paper reports on some exploratory research that relates to profitability in professional services as affected by strategic marketing/management factors. Cross-sectional results from seventeen professional service segments were analyzed using available census and association delta. In the overall sample, relative market share had a positive influence in profitability; revenue/employee and asset/sales ratios, on the other hand, had an apparent negative impact. Further, business to business and consumer services appeared to show statistically significant differences in profitability. Base levels of profitability appeared approximately 10 percentage points higher in the business to business sector. Increased market share had a positive influence in business to business markets, but a negative influence in consumer segments. Managers should find these results an interesting framework against which to compare profitability of present businesses.
Justice and power: when will justice concerns encourage the advantaged to support policies which redistribute economic resources and the disadvantaged to willingly obey the law?

Two studies are presented which test whether justice can motivate support for government policies and authorities even when such support is not in people's obvious personal or group interest. In the first study, White San Francisco Bay area residents' attitudes toward Congressionally-authored affirmative action policies and anti-discrimination laws were investigated. In the second study, African-American San Francisco Bay area residents' feelings of obligation to obey the law were investigated. The results from both studies show a significant relationship between evaluations of social justice and respondents' political attitudes. More importantly, a significant relationship between relational evaluations of Congress and political attitudes is found in both studies. This relationship suggests how justice can motivate policy and government support even if such support does not yield direct personal or group benefits. Finally, the results from both studies indicate when instrumental and relational concerns will be related to political attitudes. If people identified with their particular advantaged or disadvantaged group, instrumental concerns were more strongly related to their political attitudes, but if people identified with a superordinate category that included both potential outgroup members and relevant superordinate authorities, relational concerns were more strongly related to their political attitudes.
Checking multi-agent schedules with temporal and causal information

Time management in a distributed multi-agent environment requires agents to progressively collaborate and negotiate before reaching a final feasible schedule of future events. In this process, it is important for individual agents to check whether a prototype schedule can meet their requirements and are free from undesirable effects in all possible event sequences. We present a modelling framework for encoding events with causal and temporal information. We show that the schedule validation task under this framework is NP-complete when the uncertainty in event ordering is very high. We develop a search algorithm for reasoning about possible consequences over a given set of events and show that the algorithm can effectively improve the computation efficiency by exploiting event-chain structure embedded in the time-interval information, which ends in tractable polynomial-time performance for events with moderate uncertainty in event ordering.
Vibrational spectra of isomeric copper(II)-dimethyl-octaethylisobacteriochlorin complexes: effects of non-conjugated substituents

Abstract Vibrational spectra of tetracoordinate Cu(II)-dimethyloctaethylisobacteriochlorins (diMeOEiBC) were studied. The complexes include: 2,4-diMeOEiBC (1) and its 15 N and d 6 isomers ( meso-d 2 ′4′- d 2 ), 2,3-diMeOEiBC (2), 1,3-diMeOEiBC (3), and 2′,4′-diOH-2,4-diMeOEiBC (4). The generalized resonance Raman (RR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral properties of the diMeOEiBCs are similar to those of low-symmetry (~ C 2 ) metallochlorins, and relative to porphyrins, display an increase in the number of vibrational bands, considerable congruence between RR and FTIR frequencies, an increase in the number of totally symmetric RR bands, a cluster of bands in the ~1340–1420 cm −1 region, and an intense FTIR band >1600cm −1 .In the ~1340–1420cm −1 region, iBC complexes display their dominant band ≥1400cm −1 , increasing in intensity with excitation towards the red. This feature, which has its maximum at the position of the Q y ,(0,0) band, as shown by an excitation profile for the 2,4-diMeOEiBC macrocycle, is essentially insensitive to 15 N 4 or d 6 ( meso - d 4 -2′, 4′- d 2 ) substitution and is likely to be derived from the porphyrin υ 29 mode. The RR data reflect differences in identity/pattern of the pyrroline (saturated) ring substituents, e.g. 2,4-diMeOEiBC has bands at 1650 and 1620 cm −1 ; vs 1648 and 1610 cm −1 for 2′,4′-diOH-2,4-diMeOEiBC; vs 1649, 1640 and 1617 cm −1 for 2,3-diMeOEiBC; and vs 1645 and 1610 cm −1 for 1,4-diMeOEiBC. Thus, just as for metallochlorins [Andersson et al., Inorg. Chem. 29 , 2278 (1990)], localized structural differences in non-conjugated pyrroline substituents of metallo-isobacteriochlorins can affect the resonance Raman spectral properties dramatically.
A Distinct G1 Step Required to Specify the Chinese Hamster DHFR Replication Origin

Nuclei isolated from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells at various times during the G1 phase of the cell cycle were stimulated to enter S phase by incubation in Xenopus egg cytosol. Replication of DNA initiated within the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) origin locus in nuclei isolated late in G1, but at random sites in nuclei isolated early in G1. A discrete transition point occurred 3 to 4 hours after metaphase. Neither replication licensing nor nuclear assembly was sufficient for origin recognition. Thus, a distinct cell cycle-regulated event in the nucleus restricts the initiation of replication to specific sites downstream of the DHFR gene.
Optimization of switchgrass and extruder parameters for enzymatic hydrolysis using response surface methodology

Abstract Switchgrass is an important biomass that can be hydrolyzed to yield fermentable sugars through pretreatment, which is the primary and expensive step in conversion of biomass to bio-ethanol. Most of the pretreatment operates in batch mode, which is energy intensive, requires high capital, results in decomposition of hemicellulose, and formation of inhibitors. Considering these shortcomings, a novel biomass pretreatment method using a high shear bioreactor could be a viable continuous one. The current study was undertaken to determine the effect of biomass parameters such as moisture content (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% wb) and particle size (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm) over a range of barrel temperature and screw speed (45–225 °C and 20–200 rpm). Statistical analyses revealed that among the independent variables considered temperature, screw speed, and moisture content had significant effect on sugar recoveries. Proposed quadratic model to predict glucose, xylose, and combined sugar recoveries from switchgrass had a high F and R 2 values indicating that the model has the ability to represent the relationship among the independent variables studied. The optimum pretreatment condition of barrel temperature 176 °C, screw speed 155 rpm, moisture content 20% wb, and particle size 8 mm resulted in maximum glucose, xylose, and combined sugar recoveries of 41.4, 62.2 and 47.4%, respectively. The optimum pretreated switchgrass had 50% higher surface area than that of the control.
Predictive Value of the Index of Microcirculatory Resistance in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Objectives The objective of this study is to evaluate the predictive value of the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Background Despite adequate epicardial artery reperfusion, a number of patients with STEMI have a poor prognosis because of microvascular damage. Assessing the status of the microvasculature in this setting remains challenging. Methods In 29 patients after primary PCI for STEMI, IMR was measured with a pressure sensor/thermistor-tipped guidewire. The Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) myocardial perfusion grade, TIMI frame count, coronary flow reserve, and ST-segment resolution were also recorded. Results The IMR correlated significantly with the peak creatinine kinase (CK) (R = 0.61, p = 0.0005) while the other measures of microvascular dysfunction did not. In patients with an IMR greater than the median value of 32 U, the peak CK was significantly higher compared with those having values ≤32 U (3,128 ± 1,634 ng/ml vs. 1,201 ± 911 ng/ml, p = 0.002). The IMR correlated significantly with 3-month echocardiographic wall motion score (WMS) (R = 0.59, p = 0.002) while the other measures of microvascular function did not. The WMS at 3-month follow-up was significantly worse in the group with an IMR >32 U compared with ≤32 U (28 ± 7 vs. 20 ± 4, p = 0.001). On multivariate analysis, IMR was the strongest predictor of peak CK and 3-month WMS. The IMR was the only significant predictor of recovery of left ventricular function on the basis of the percent change in WMS (R = 0.50, p Conclusions Compared to standard measures, IMR appears to be a better predictor of microvascular damage after STEMI, both acutely and in short term follow-up.
A multi-user network testbed for wide-area monitoring and control of power systems using distributed synchrophasors

In this poster we describe an advanced hardware-in-loop simulation facility for real-time demonstration and validation of power system monitoring and control algorithms, currently under construction at NC State University. This facility integrates a real-time power system emulation lab with the GENI network and its associated cloud testbeds. The dynamic responses from the power system emulator are captured via real hardware Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) that are synchronized with the time-scale of the simulations via a common GPS reference. These responses are then sent to the computing and storage resource in GENI using the IEEE C37.118 protocol, running the smart grid control and management application simulations via QoS-guaranteed communications channels, all provisioned in a dynamic fashion.
Kinetics of ion movement in the squid giant axon.

The loss of Na22, K42, and Cl36 from single giant axons of the squid, Loligo pealii, following exposure to an artificial sea water containing these radioisotopes, occurs in two stages, an initial rapid one followed by an exponential decline. The time constants of the latter stage for the 3 ion species are, respectively, 290, 200, and 175 minutes. The outflux of sodium is depressed while that of potassium is accelerated in the absence of oxygen; the emergence of potassium is slowed by cocaine, while that of sodium is unaffected. One cm. ends of the axons take up about twice as much radiosodium as the central segment; this difference in activity is largely preserved during exposure to inactive solution. Such marked differences are not observed with radiopotassium. From the experimental data estimates are given of the influxes and outfluxes of the individual ions. The kinetics of outflux suggests a cortical layer of measureable thickness which contains the ions in different proportions from those in the medium and which governs the rate of emergence of these ions from the axon as though it contained very few but large (relative to ion dimensions) pores.
Comment on "Ruby at high pressure. I. Optical line shifts to 156 GPa"

The present Comment addresses two concerns. First, we are concerned that our published work has been cited by Eggert, Goettel, and Silvera [Phys. Rev. B 40, 5724 (1989)] in a manner that might lead the reader to suppose incorrectly that we agree with reports of pressures in the range of 460--550 GPa in a diamond-anvil cell based on ruby-fluorescence measurements. Second, our experience suggests that there is the possibility of misinterpreting fluorescence data at ultrahigh pressures that should be emphasized to the reader. We assert that there is insufficient evidence to support claims that the ruby-fluorescence technique has been used successfully at pressures above about 200 GPa.
Asymptotic methods for the prediction of transonic wind-tunnel wall interference

Two limiting cases related to transonic wind-tunnel wall interference are considered. The first concerning slender airplanes is briefly treated only as it pertains to the main discussion relating to high aspect ratio configurations. Principal features of the slender airplane case are a three-deck flow structure as well as an area rule for interference. Pressure-specified wall conditions are incorporated by addition of averages and Fourier transforms of the wall pressures that modify the far field that controls the interference. For a high aspect ratio two-deck second case, the interference is driven by the imaging in the Trefftz plane projection of the experimental pressure-specified control surface of the (outer deck) trailing vortex system in the Trefftz plane
Hematological complications and quality of life in hospitalized AIDS patients.

The relationships among the biological and physiological indicators of cytopenias in AIDS and measures of quality of life are not well characterized. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to determine the relationships among anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia and characteristics of the individual, physiological markers, symptoms, functional status, general health perceptions, and well-being in people with AIDS. The five dimensions of the Wilson and Cleary model of health-related quality of life provided the conceptual model for this study. In addition to descriptive statistics, logistic regression was used to analyze clusters of variables. The sample of 146 hospitalized patients with AIDS had an 85% prevalence of anemia, a 53% prevalence neutropenia and a 33% prevalence of thrombocytopenia. The mean age was 38 years old, 19% were female, 35% were white, 27% had a history of injection drug use and the mean T-helper cell count was 74 mm3. The five dimensions of the Wilson and Cleary model offered...
THE RELATIVE SENSITIVITY OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND MYELOGRAPHY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF THORACOLUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL DISK HERNIATIONS IN DOGS

We compared the relative sensitivity of computed tomography (CT) and myelography for identification of disk herniation in dogs. Criteria for patient selection included presurgical CT, myelography, or both and surgical or necropsy confirmation of disk herniation between the T3 and L6 vertebral articulations. Imaging findings were described as positive or inconclusive. Adverse events such as hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, death, and lower urinary tract infection were compared between imaging groups. One hundred and eighty-two dogs met the inclusion criteria, with 116 dogs having myelography performed as the initial diagnostic imaging modality and 66 dogs having CT performed as the initial modality. The relative sensitivity for locating the site of disk herniation was 83.6% when myelography was the first test performed and 81.8% when CT was the first test performed. CT was more sensitive than myelography at detecting lesions in chronically affected dogs (P = 0.025). Myelography was more sensitive than CT at detecting lesions in smaller dogs (< 5 kg; P = 0.004). Dogs that received both imaging modalities were significantly more likely to die or be euthanized compared with myelography alone (P < 0.001). Both myelography and CT are reasonable diagnostic imaging modalities for locating the site of disk herniation. CT should be considered especially in heavier, more chronically affected dogs. The major limitations of this study include lack of randomization to imaging modality and the use of surgical exploration or necropsy as the gold standard.
Optimal Pricing and Capacity Investment for Delay-Sensitive Demand

We study a firm's joint decisions on product prices, delivery lead times, and capacity investments of the production facility. We assume customers are strategic and heterogeneous in their sensitivity to waiting. The firm can offer a single service to all customers or two services with different delivery lead times and prices. We investigate a firm's optimal decisions when the firm is a monopolist or under a duopoly competition. We find that a monopoly firm's optimal capacity level decreases in service level. For a monopoly firm providing differentiated services, we find that the optimal facility utilization level does not depend on unit capacity cost. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a monopoly firm always gets more profits by providing differentiated services than a single service. For duopoly competition, we show the existence of a Nash equilibrium. Finally, we illustrate that a firm offering shorter lead time quotation may earn less profit than one offering longer lead time quotation when two firms compete in an industry with discrete lead times.
Impact of Broken High Frequency Signal Return Path on Signal Integrity

Special test vehicles with and without broken high frequency signal return paths were built in order to measure their impact on signal integrity. Design guidelines for the transition between different packaging levels are derived and discussed.
Detection, localization, and identification of bearing faults on an ocean turbine

A real-time, vibrations-based condition monitoring method used to detect, localize, and identify a faulty bearing in an ocean turbine electric motor is presented in this paper. The electric motor is installed in a dynamometer emulating the functions of the actual ocean turbine. High frequency modal analysis and power trending are combined to assess the operational health of the dynamometer's bearings across an array of accelerometers. Once a defect has been detected, envelope analysis is used to identify the exact bearing containing the defect. After a brief background on bearing fault detection, this paper introduces a simplified mathematical model of the bearing fault, followed with the signal processing approach used to detect, locate and identify the fault. Lastly, the approach is illustrated through the analysis of a series of experimental data collected over the course of a month leading up to a fault in the dynamometer. By retroactively trending the data leading to the near-failure of one of the electric motors in the dynamometer, the authors identified a positive trend in energy levels for a specific frequency band present across the array of accelerometers and to identify two bearings as possible sources of the fault.
Differential games with noise-corrupted measurements

In this paper, readily computable strategies for zero-sum, linear-quadratic differential games with noise-corrupted measurements are developed. Of particular significance is the fact that the governing differential equations no longer require the solution of an often difficult nonlinear, two-point boundary-value problem, but again satisfy the separation principle of linear-quadratic optimal control. The implications of the payoff relationships are considered.
Comparative toxicity of certain t-butyl substituted cresols and xylenols.

Of the compounds studied, 2-t-butyl 4-methylphenol, 2-t-butyl 5-methylphenol, 2,4-di-t-butyl 5-methylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol and 3,5-dimethylphenol have a lower degree of acute toxicity than phenol itself. However, 2,4-dimethyl-6-t-butyl-phenol is unique in its toxicity to the rabbit, being as lethal by simple application to the intact skin as by the oral route of administration. This is apparently a species susceptibility since rats and guinea pigs are less susceptible to the compound by both the oral and the skin route. It is concluded that the dialkyl phenols are more irritant locally than the trialkyl phenols studied.
Buckyballs, Hairyballs, Educational Semiotics, and Other Interesting Topics

This paper develops the thesis that the educational semiotic described by Cunningham offers an interesting perspective from which to view educational issues, but it offers little in the way of practical approaches to educational problems. After agreeing with Cunningham's argument that knowledge is constructed rather than received, the paper goes on to state three concerns about an educational semiotic: (a) The theory has the wrong architecture, (b) the theory is too powerful, and (c) the theory has no practical use. The paper closes with the observation that an educational semiotic must become more specific and it must provide empirical demonstrations of practical utility if it is to pose a challenge to currently prevailing theories.
Cyclic plasticity of nickel at low plastic strain amplitude: hysteresis loop shape analysis

Abstract The cyclic plasticity of nickel was studied by accomplishing room temperature fully-reversed fatigue experiments at constant plastic strain amplitudes of 1.0×10−4 and 2.5×10−4 on single crystal and polycrystal nickel with 290 μm grain size. The cyclic plasticity behavior within a hysteresis loop was analyzed by measuring shape characteristics of the loop. Parameters that were evaluated include the loop shape parameter, friction stress, back stress, and second derivative of stress with respect to total strain. Results indicate that these parameters correlate well with the development of dislocation substructures. In addition, at low plastic strain amplitude, polycrystal and single crystal hysteresis loops exhibit a distinct constriction. The constriction is more pronounced in single crystals cycled at the lower plastic strain amplitude.
A Curious Trade: The Recovery and Repatriation of U.S. Missing In Action from the Vietnam War

Amid its human and material tolls, the Vietnam War has given rise to a curious enterprise—the complex process of recovering and repatriating the remains of U.S. service members Missing In Action (MIA) and presumed dead. In this trade, the bones that “count” are American and the aims underwriting the forensic efforts to return them are rooted in an ideology of national belonging.The resultant exchange of both knowledge and physical remains has developed through two historically intertwined ventures: state-sponsored casualty resolution efforts; and the much smaller, informal trafficking of skeletal remains, identification media, and information about American MIAs. This article examines how these sought-after bones tack between roles as objects of recovery, sale, or barter, scientific study, ritual burial, and public commemoration. Through their mutable worth, MIA remains illustrate the dynamic symbolism of war dead that evokes differing sensibilities about familiar or foreign soil, about care and belonging. Like the reliquiae of medieval Christianity, remains of missing service members, even in the most fragmentary form, are replete with the suggestion of power. Their pursuit depends on reciprocity. Indeed, more than just powerful symbols, these bones manifest and confer power itself, as caring for war dead demonstrates authority, and such authority falls to those who control access to the desired object, whether through formal or informal channels. Furthermore, power requires authentication, and the remains of missing American war dead become, in this system of circulation and exchange, a means to demonstrate knowledge, perform certainty, or exploit ambiguity.
Gender differences in QTc interval in young, trained individuals with lower spinal cord injury

Cross-sectional comparison. To examine gender differences in rate-corrected QT interval (QTc), an index of ventricular depolarization/repolarization, in young, trained men and women with lower spinal cord injury (SCI) and able-bodied (AB) controls. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Exercise and Cardiovascular Research Lab, USA. Subjects consisted of 16 athletes with SCI (eight men and eight women) and 16 age-matched AB active controls (eight men and eight women). QT interval dynamics was derived from ECG recordings and rate corrected using the Bazett formula. Men with SCI had QTc similar to that of AB men (369.3±7.5 versus 357.9±3.0 ms, P>0.05). Women with SCI had QTc similar to that of AB women (400.0±4.6 versus 385.2±6.5 ms, P>0.05). AB women had longer QTc interval than AB men, and SCI women had longer QTc than SCI men (P<0.05). Gender differences in ventricular depolarization/repolarization are present in trained individuals with SCI. Thus, similar to their AB gender-matched peers, women with SCI have longer QTc intervals and may be at greater risk for the development of untoward cardiac arrhythmias than men with SCI.
Influences of salinity and temperature on the stable isotopic composition of methane and hydrogen sulfide trapped in pressure-vessel hydrates

Abstract The stable isotopic composition of carbon ( δ 13 C CH 4 ) and hydrogen ( δ 2 H CH 4 ) in methane and sulfur ( δ 34 S H 2 S ) in hydrogen sulfide can be used to infer the source of volatile molecules encaged in gas hydrates. Differentiation of methane and hydrogen sulfide from microbial and thermal origins provides valuable information for hydrocarbon exploration and for climatic models assessing the role of gas hydrates during climate change. In astrobiological studies, δ 13 C CH 4 , δ 2 H CH 4 , and δ 34 S H 2 S values will be critical in deciphering the origin of methane and hydrogen sulfide molecules if gas hydrates are detected within the cryosphere of Mars or associated with ice-covered oceans on Europa or Enceladus. It is challenging, however, to apply isotope systematics to hydrate-forming systems due to complex influences on nucleation and decomposition under varying conditions of salinity, pressure, and temperature. Few laboratory studies have evaluated the effect of hydrate formation, on isotopic composition of free, encaged, and dissolved gas molecules. In this study, pressure-vessel hydrates were nucleated under conditions inferred for marine continental margins and terrestrial permafrost: low temperatures, moderate pressures, saturation of methane and/or hydrogen sulfide saturation, and varying concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4·7H2O). Methane experiments show less than 1‰ differences in values of δ 13 C CH 4 between free and encaged molecules and up to 6.5‰ variations in values of δ 2 H CH 4 between free and encaged molecules. In hydrogen-sulfide hydrates, δ 34 S H 2 S values show less than 4‰ differences between free and encaged molecules, but up to 14‰ differences between dissolved and free molecules and between dissolved and encaged molecules. Results presented here indicate that shifts found for free and encaged values of δ 13 C CH 4 and δ 2 H CH 4 are small and do not complicate interpretation of gas provenance. Conversely, in hydrate systems containing H2S molecules values of δ 34 S H 2 S need to be interpreted with caution. Although isotopic fractionation between free- and encaged-sulfur molecules is mild during hydrate formation, values of dissolved δ 34 S H 2 S are substantially fractionated and necessitate careful examination of sulfur isotopic values. Because dissolved H2S could potentially be recycled by oxidation and reduction processes during hydrate formation events, use of δ 34 S H 2 S values might complicate assessment of biosignatures for other planetary bodies.
Aerial fireworks can turn deadly underwater: Magnified blast causes severe pulmonary contusion

Firework injuries have been reported in the literature but usually with regards to mangled extremities, superficial burns and disfiguring soft tissue injuries. Unbeknownst to most lay handlers of recreational fireworks, the blast effect of even a small explosive charge is magnified significantly when detonated underwater, turning a modestly charged firework into a potentially deadly weapon. While the literature is abundant in injuries sustained from underwater detonations of military grade explosives, we found only a single case report of traumatic brain injury resulting from an illegal M80 explosive [4]. We describe a young man who sustained severe life-threatening haemorrhagic pulmonary contusion resulting from incomplete launching of an aerial firework that detonated in the water where he was partially submerged. This report reviews the mechanism of underwater blast injuries and the factors contributing to severe internal organ damage from relatively small-charge and commercially available explosive devices.
Surface Potential Temperature as an Analysis and Forecasting Tool

In the last decade, Fred Sanders was often critical of current surface analysis techniques. This led to his promoting the use of surface potential temperatures to distinguish between fronts, baroclinic troughs, and nonfrontal baroclinic zones, and to the development of a climatology of surface baroclinic zones. In this paper, criticisms of current surface analysis techniques and the usefulness of surface potential temperature analyses are discussed. Case examples are used to compare potential temperature analyses and current National Centers for Environmental Prediction analyses.
Anorexia nervosa with bipolar disorder: A case report

The association between manic syndromes and eating disorders has been reported rarely. We describe a patient in whom anorexia nervosa developed shortly after the onset of rapid cycling manic-depressive disorder, and whose eating disorder and manic-depressive symptoms twice resolved simultaneously with lithium treatment
Influences on Adolescent Eating Behavior

Purpose: The food consumption behavior of American adolescents often fails to meet dietary recommendations, indicating the need for investigation of the factors that influence this behavior. This study, guided by Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, examined relationships between such behavior and other personal, environmental, and behavioral variables. Methods: A paper-and-pencil instrument was administered to a sample of 242 high school students. "Pyramid," fat, and sugar food scores were calculated to measure subjects' dietary diversity along with their consumption of fats and sugar/sweets. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify relationships between subjects' food scores and other study variables. Results: Male and female subjects' pyramid scores were positively related ( p ≤ 0.05) to the number of meals they consumed daily. Some gender differences emerged in the data, as conformity to parents, snack consumption, and consumption of meals and snacks from home predicted males' Pyramid scores, while amount of physical exercise predicted pyramid scores of females. Both male and female subjects' fat and sugar scores were positively related ( p ≤ 0.05) to their consumption of meals and snacks from the school cafeteria and overall snack consumption and negatively related to their self-efficacy for making healthful food choices. Females' fat scores were further predicted by their consumption of fast food. Conclusions: Different aspects of adolescents' food consumption behavior may be influenced by different factors, which may vary between males and females. Therefore, nutrition and health professionals should tailor educational and treatment strategies according to both the gender of their patients and the specific desired dietary outcomes.
Persistent depression of wood-gnawing following ventromedial hypothalamic lesions in the rat

Abstract Female rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions that resulted in hyperphagia and obesity displayed chronically reduced levels of wood gnawing that persisted for more than 200 days post-operatively. Reduced wood gnawing was apparent even when the animals were totally deprived of food, thus ruling out the possibility that the effect was secondary to hyperphagia.
Interferometric Optical Testing: Past, Present And Future

A short history is given of the advances of interferometric optical testing that have occurred during the past 15 years. The present state of the art is discussed and a prediction is made as to the advances which will be made in interferometric optical testing during the next 10 years.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The inflation discipline of currency substitution

Abstract We examine the argument that currency substitution should be encouraged since it provides an inflation discipline. In highly stylized games of national welfare maximization, we find that as currency substitution increases, currency survival comes to dominate all other considerations, and inflation rates do indeed come down. However, we find no reason to think that these competitive inflation rates will be optimal. The discipline embodied in currency substitution may be too weak, or too strong. It may be a poor substitute for direct coordination of monetary (and fiscal) policies. We try to relate our analysis to recent U.K. proposals.
The voice of postsurgical lung cancer patients regarding supportive care needs

Objective Individuals with lung cancer present with multiple comorbid conditions and complex treatment plans. They are frequently vulnerable during critical transitions in the cancer survivorship trajectory. Limited research exists on the postsurgical non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) population, relative to unmet supportive care needs. However, what is known is that the lung cancer population reports significantly more unmet supportive care needs than other cancer populations. The purpose of this study was to identify the postsurgical NSCLC patients' unmet supportive care needs during transition from hospital to home and through recovery after participating in a 16-week exercise intervention. Materials and methods Participants were 53-73 years of age with NSCLC (stage Ib-IIIa) and participated in a 16-week light-intensity exercise program after hospital discharge. For this study, participants were interviewed 12-18 months post-thoracotomy. A qualitative design was used, incorporating a semistructured guide with open-ended questions to support discussion regarding recovery experiences through 16 weeks after transitioning from hospital to home. The interview was transcribed verbatim, and data were analyzed using content analysis. Content themes were independently coded by investigators and later combined into a single report verified through participant verification of the report. Results Participants reviewed and agreed with the focus group report. Dominant themes included: 1) unpreparedness for post-thoracotomy recovery; 2) significant unmet needs upon hospital discharge and throughout the cancer survivorship trajectory; 3) unexpected symptom burden after initial month of recovery; 4) the quality of information given when pain and fatigue were troublesome during recovery; and 5) the effectiveness of exercise during the recovery process. Conclusion Understanding the changing needs of this population during these transitions will assist in the development of targeted supportive care interventions, to preempt negative outcomes associated with breakdowns in care during critical transition periods of the cancer survivorship trajectory.
Enhanced Trichloroethene Desorption from Long-Term Contaminated Soil Using Triton X-100 and pH Increases

Laboratory batch and column experiments were conducted to study the effect of relatively low concentrations of Triton X-100 and pH increases on trichloroethene (TCE) desorption from field-contaminated soil to water. TCE desorption from the contaminated soil could not be described by a model that assumes a localized equilibrium between the aqueous- and sorbed-phase concentrations of TCE. A kinetic desorption model, the multi-site model with a γ-distribution of rate constants, was used to interpret the data and to determine the mass-transfer coefficients. In both batch and column experiments, the multi-site model performed well in simulating TCE desorption. In laboratory batch and column experiments, the addition of Triton X-100 (at concentrations close to critical micelle concentration) to the soil-water system increased the rate of TCE desorption from the soil at early times, although only by a small amount. Similar results were obtained by increasing the solution pH from 7 to 10. In experiments with Trit...
Germanium α-particle detectors with aluminum regrowth p + contacts

Abstract Solid-phase epitaxial regrowth techniques have been used to form thin p + contacts on n-type germanium. Aluminum layers 400 to 1000 A thick were evaporated on germanium, heated to 300 to 350 °C and slow-cooled to form p + layers. Resolutions of 14 keV for 6.05 MeV α-particles were obtained consistently on 25 mm 2 detectors cooled to liquid-nitrogen temperatures.
Paleomagnetic fold test evidence for Laramide age of monoclinal folding, Salt River Canyon, Arizona

Abstract A 1.15 b.y. old diabase sill is exposed in the Rock Canyon monocline of the Salt River Canyon within the Transition Zone physiographic province of east-central Arizona. Various interpretations have been advanced regarding the age relationship of monoclinal folding and sill intrusion. Seventy oriented samples for paleomagnetic analysis were collected from 10 sites within the diabase sill through the hinge zone of the Rock Creek monocline. Alternating field demagnetization to peak fields of 50–70 mT was sufficient to isolate the characteristic natural remanent magnetization, which is a thermoremanent magnetism acquired during cooling of the sill. Statistical analysis of the resulting paleomagnetic data indicates passage of the fold test at the 95% confidence level. The monoclinal folding clearly post-dates intrusion of the diabase sill. When added to other geologic evidence, these data indicate that the Rock Canyon monocline is a Laramide compressional feature.
‘Inframarginal values and demand: Contra Dwight Lee’: Response to Coelho and McClure

In my paper (Journal of Bioeconomics, 11(1), 1–21, 2009). I reconciled results from happiness studies with demand analysis by assuming that adaptation to a good reduces the value of the inframarginal units of the good to its marginal value. According to Coelho and McClure (Journal of Bioeconomics, 11(3), 2009) this assumption implies that, once adaptation has occurred, a trivial increase in the good’s price will reduce the amount demanded to zero. My response argues that this is not an implication of my analysis since a reduction in the consumption of the good eliminates the adaptation to it, and restores the standard demand curve over the lost consumption.
Exploring potential gender differences when scanning maps and providing directions

It has been previously reported that males and females view/use maps in a similar manner, but differ on how they give directions: males tend to use cardinal directions (north, south, etc.), while women use left and right directional terms. Our experiment tested participants using both maps designed to emulate previous studies' stimuli along with maps downloaded from a map/direction website. Orientations of the downloaded map's road-grid and/or map compass were either north at top of screen (normal) or northeast at top of screen (orthogonal). Unlike previous research there were no gender differences in the use of cardinal or left-right directional terms. Longer compass fixation times were found with orthogonal compass maps, and males tended to view the distance markers for longer periods. Implications for map design and use are discussed.
Antihyperlipidemic activity of o-chlorobenzylsulfonamide in rodents.

o-Chlorobenzylsulfonamide was observed to be a potent hypolipidemic agent in rodents, reducing serum cholesterol levels 71% and triglyceride levels 49% at 60 mg/kg/d. The agent was effective both in normal and hyperlipidemic mice and was active both orally and intraperitoneally. o-Chlorobenzylsulfonamide significantly inhibited phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity and marginally inhibited sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyl transferase activity both in vitro and in vivo. The lowering of serum cholesterol levels appeared to be correlated with the accelerated excretion of cholesterol via the bile into the feces, with a marginal reduction of cholesterol absorption from the intestine. Reduced concentrations of lipids, e.g., cholesterol, triglycerides, and neutral lipids, were observed in the liver, small intestine, and blood lipoprotein fractions of rats.
Experimental radio‐osteonecrosis in Rhesus macaque jaws; therapeutic irradiation dose effect on dental extraction wound healing

Varying degrees of osteonecrosis result from molar extractions or other oral surgical procedures in rhesus macaques before, during, or after the administration of 6000 rad (the equivalent of human therapeutic dose levels) via either 240 kVp x-ray or cobalt 60 irradiation to the jaw areas subjected to surgery. The effects of various experimental time-dose-wound combinations on the level of impairment of wound-healing, interruption of osteogenesis, and the nature of the response of the irradiation-compromised tissues are covered in this report.
Unsteady diffusion in ternary gas mixtures

Unsteady diffusion in the system methane-argon-hydrogen was studied in a Loschmidt apparatus with large changes in concentration. The mean concentration-time history was predicted within experimental error by the linearized equations of multicomponent mass transfer. In the calculations the Stefan-Maxwell equations were used to obtain the diffusivity matrix which was evaluated at the equilibrium concentration. Digital computer solutions to the nonlinear differential equations were also obtained for various systems and boundary conditions. The fluxes predicted by the linearized equations with the diffusivity matrix evaluated at the arithmetic average of the initial and boundary concentrations were in all cases within 5% of the numerical predictions.
Simultaneous laser beam combining and mode conversion using multiplexed volume phase elements

To scale to power levels of up to tens of kW with a few fiber lasers, the best candidates are large core fibers guiding a few large-area higher order modes with the outputs of these fibers combined into a single beam. However, in many applications it is desirable to convert these higher order modes into a Gaussian profile. Here, we propose a method to accomplish this task via single volume phase element. This element accepts multiple higher order mode beams and simultaneously converts and combines them to a single Gaussian profile in the far field.
Telomere Lengths of Translocation-Associated and Nontranslocation-Associated Sarcomas Differ Dramatically

Sarcomas can be divided into those with specific translocations displaying monotonous cytomorphology, and those with complex karyotypes and marked cellular pleomorphism. Telomeres contain terminal DNA sequence repeats that maintain chromosomal stability. Telomeres shorten with cell division and may become dysfunctional leading to chromosomal instability. Using a fluorescence in situ hybridization/immunofluorescence method to assess telomere lengths in archival tissues we analyzed these two types of sarcomas using paraffin-embedded primary tumor specimens. Tissues from nine sarcomas with characteristic translocations (two synovial sarcomas, two alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas, two desmoplastic round cell tumors, and one each of infantile fibrosarcoma, myxoid liposarcoma, cellular congenital mesoblastic nephroma) and nine without (four malignant fibrous histiocytomas, two leiomyosarcomas, one pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma, one dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, and one malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor) were analyzed. In all (nine of nine) cases with specific translocations, which generally have few karyotypic abnormalities, telomere lengths were similar to or reduced compared to surrounding nonneoplastic tissues. In contrast, telomeres in cases lacking specific translocations, which generally contain complex karyotypes, were often found to be dramatically lengthened and heterogeneous. In addition to markedly elongated telomeres, seven of nine (78%) complex cases exhibited large brightly stained regions corresponding to a specific type of promyelocytic leukemia nuclear body found in immortalized cells that maintain telomeres in a telomerase-independent manner [alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway]. This phenotype is unlike that of epithelial neoplasms that typically display complex karyotypes with abnormally short telomeres maintained by the enzyme telomerase. The discovery of heterogeneous telomere lengths and evidence of the ALT pathway in the majority of sarcomas with complex karyotypes supports the existence of a telomere maintenance pathway incapable of full karyotypic stabilization in pleomorphic sarcomas. These findings provide additional molecular-genetic evidence supporting the dichotomous grouping of sarcomas into those with characteristic signature translocations without extensive additional karyotypic abnormalities, and those without such signature translocations that typically display very complex karyotypes, and point to telomere dysfunction as a plausible contributor to the chromosomal aberrations found in complex sarcomas.