cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of amino acids critical for IgE-binding to sequential epitopes of bovine kappa-casein and the similarity of these epitopes to the corresponding human kappa-casein sequence.

Background: The delineation of allergenic (i.e. IgE-binding) epitopes in cow’s milk proteins and the amino acids (AAs) critical for IgE-binding is necessary to understand better the structural properties of an allergen and to develop more efficacious immunotherapeutic reagents. Furthermore, this information may enable us to understand better cross-sensitivity between different allergens. Methods: Eleven peptides, 10–14 AAs in length, representing the IgE-binding epitopes of κ-casein were synthesized on a derivatized cellulose membrane with single AA substitutions at each position. Membranes were incubated with pooled sera from 15 milk-allergic patients and individual sera from 10 of the patients included in the pool. Results: For 10/11 allergenic peptides, one to five different single AA substitutions resulted in elimination of IgE-binding of pooled patient sera. Overall at least one mutated peptide could be found for these 10 IgE-binding sites that resulted in a reduction of IgE-binding in at least 80% of the patients who recognized the native protein. Furthermore, the IgE-binding region at AA104–112 on bovine κ-casein showed a high degree of similarity with the human κ-casein, respectively, including the AAs critical for IgE-binding. Conclusion: This finding suggests that critical AAs should be assessed with both pooled and individual patient sera to account for the B-cell epitope heterogeneity between patients, with cow’s milk allergy. In addition, we identified two potentially cross-reactive peptides between bovine and human caseins of unknown clinical relevance.
Pest control in postharvest nuts

Abstract: This chapter discusses the impact of insect infestations on the quality of postharvest nuts. The chapter first reviews the biology of key field pests that may be found in harvested nuts, and pests found in nut storage and processing facilities. The chapter then reviews current and developing control strategies, including sanitation, cultural orchard controls, mating disruption, monitoring methods, whole-facility treatments, non-chemical disinfestation treatments, and chemical fumigation.
On Richard Bernstein's Navigate the Noise: Investing in the New Age of Media and Hype

This is a review of the book entitled "Navigate the Noise: Investing in the New Age of Media and Hype" by Richard Bernstein, published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. in 2001. Mr. Bernstein is First Vice President and Chief Quantitative Strategist at Merrill Lynch.
Biology and Physics: Reflections on Reductionism

The relationships between biology and the physicochemical sciences, and between organisms and inorganic matter, are of considerable interest to the philosophy of science. Many papers, books, and symposia have been dedicated to these relationships in recent years (e.g., Refs. 1 and 2). The issues at stake are sometimes called “the problem of reductionism” or “the question of reduction.” Few philosophical issues have been more actively debated in recent years, particularly among scientists, than the question of reduction. These debates, however, often involve several different issues, not always properly distinguished. Issues about the relationship between biology and the physical sciences, or between organisms and their physical components, arise in at least three domains, which may be called “ontological,” “methodological,” and “epistemological.” I shall identify the issues raised in each domain, and then consider each domain in turn.
Decoding motor imagery from the posterior parietal cortex of a tetraplegic human

Nonhuman primate and human studies have suggested that populations of neurons in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) may represent high-level aspects of action planning that can be used to control external devices as part of a brain-machine interface. However, there is no direct neuron-recording evidence that human PPC is involved in action planning, and the suitability of these signals for neuroprosthetic control has not been tested. We recorded neural population activity with arrays of microelectrodes implanted in the PPC of a tetraplegic subject. Motor imagery could be decoded from these neural populations, including imagined goals, trajectories, and types of movement. These findings indicate that the PPC of humans represents high-level, cognitive aspects of action and that the PPC can be a rich source for cognitive control signals for neural prosthetics that assist paralyzed patients.
Why Does Time Pass

According to the moving spotlight theory of time, the property of being present moves from earlier times to later times, like a spotlight shone on spacetime by God. In more detail, the theory has three components. First, it is a version of eternalism: all times, past present and future, exist. (Here I use “exist” in its tenseless sense.) Second, it is a version of the A-theory of time: there are non-relative facts about which times are past, which time is present, and which times are future. That is, it is not just that the year 1066 is past relative to 2007. The year 1066 is also past full-stop, not relative to any other time. (The A-theory is opposed to the B-theory of time, which says that facts about which times are past obtain only relative to other times.) And third, on this view the passage of time is a real phenomenon. Which moment is present keeps changing. As I will sometimes put it, the NOW moves from the past toward the future.1 And this does not mean that relative to different times, different times are present. Even the B-theory can say that 1999 is present relative to 1999 but is not present relative to 2007. No, according to the moving spotlight theory, the claim that which moment is present keeps changing is supposed to be true, even from a perspective outside time.2 My main goal in this paper is to present a new version of the moving spotlight theory (though in some respects the theory I present also resembles the growing block universe theory of time). This version makes a connection between the passage of time (the motion of the NOW) and change. In fact, it uses facts about change to explain facts about the passage of time. The bulk of the paper is devoted to describing, in detail, how the theory works. I also believe that my new version has advantages over the standard version. It explains things that the standard version cannot explain. It explains both
A CFD Investigation of IGV Flow Vectoring by Counter Flow Blowing

This paper describes a CFD analysis conducted to examine the impact of counter-flow blowing (CFB) on a row of uncambered, circulation-controlled (CC) inlet guide vanes (IGVs). In addition to a Coanda jet blown over the rounded trailing edge of the IGV blade, a second slot was placed on the pressure surface near the trailing edge to inject air upstream, i.e., in a counter-flow direction. Two blade shapes were modeled, each with four basic combinations of Coanda blowing and CFB, and the results were compared to flow turning and loss as modeled for a typical flapped IGV. The Advanced Ducted Propfan Analysis Code (ADPAC) was used to perform the 2-D simulations. While neither of the modified IGVs matched the 39-degree flow turning capability of the flapped IGV, CFB was predicted to augment flow turning by up to 5.3 degrees on the first geometry and up to 2.6 degrees on the second geometry. Cascade losses for the modified IGVs were more than twice as high as the flapped IGV, with the only exception being equivalent losses generated for Coanda-only blowing.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Power as a predictor of industrial complaining styles in a buyer/seller relationship: the buyer’s perspective

With continued growth in the industrial market being an important issue, firms need to maintain and expand their existing customer base. Careful consideration and evaluation of customer complaints are essential to this concern. An industrial marketer must develop appropriate policies and procedures for responding to buyer complaints to reduce the probability that the industrial buyer will switch marketers or engage in complaint responses that may damage the marketer’s reputation. Identifies four complaining styles used by industrial buyers in response to a dissatisfying experience. Tests several marketer power bases as predictors of the four complaining styles.
Blue and green diode lasers in ZnSe‐based quantum wells

Laser diode operation has been obtained from (Zn,Cd)Se/ZnSe and (Zn,Cd)Se/Zn(S,Se) quantum well structures in the blue and the green. The devices, prepared on p‐ and n‐type (In,Ga)As or GaAs buffer layers for lattice matching purposes to control the defect density, have been operated at near‐room‐temperature conditions and briefly at room temperature with uncoated end facets. Quasi‐continuous wave operation has been obtained at T=77 K.
Blood transfusion in the perioperative period

In the perioperative period, blood transfusions are most commonly administered to address acute blood loss resulting from trauma, neoplasia, or surgery. In this setting, transfusions may be life saving, allowing time for clotting or surgical hemostasis. In recent years, however, there is a growing awareness that the administration of blood products may not be a benign treatment. In addition to the more commonly cited complications such as transfusion reactions, disease transmission, and electrolyte disturbances, blood transfusions have also been linked to poor surgical outcomes, increased risk of infection, cancer recurrence, and acute lung injury. The recognition of these problems has lead to more conservative transfusion strategies, and questioning of what constitutes an appropriate transfusion trigger. In this section, we will discuss the pathophysiology of acute blood loss, the benefits and risks of transfusions in surgical patients, management of perioperative blood transfusions, and alternative strategies to minimize the need for blood products.
Hepatic pulmonary fusion in neonates.

OBJECTIVE. This report discusses the relationship of supradiaphragmatic hepatic tissue that is fused to the lung (through a diaphragmatic defect) with pulmonary hypoplasia—a new constellation of findings.CONCLUSION. Hepatic pulmonary fusion should be suspected in instances of apparent diaphragmatic hernia characterized by mediastinal shift towards the hypoplastic lung or when the mediastinum does not shift away from the mass.
Origin of brain stem and temporal cortical afferent fibers to the septal region in the squirrel monkey

Abstract The origins of the brain stem and temporal cortical projections to the septal region in the squirrel monkey were investigated with the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde axonal transport technique. After HRP injections placed into the septal region, labeled cells were observed in brain stem sites which generally correspond to regions which are associated with known monoamine cell groups previously identified in the primate. These structures include the nucleus locus ceruleus, dorsal tegmental nucleus of Gudden, nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis, nucleus annularis, ventral tegmental region, and the medial aspect of the lateral hypothalamus. Temporal cortical efferent fibers to the septal region arise principally from layers II and III of the perirhinal region, suggesting the presence of a second-order olfactory innervation of this structure.
Interrelationships among physical activity, depression, homocysteine, and metabolic syndrome with special considerations by sex.

Abstract Objective Examine the interrelationships among physical activity, depression, homocysteine and metabolic syndrome, and to examine the association between physical activity and the simultaneous presence of metabolic syndrome, depression, and high homocysteine. Methods Data from the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. 1146 participants were included in the analyses. Physical activity was objectively measured using accelerometry. Results With respect to the association between physical activity and the simultaneous presence of these three co-morbidities, women, compared to men, had a greater strength of association. For women, compared to those participants not having metabolic syndrome or at least mild depression or high homocysteine (reference groups), the odds ratio values for participants with 1) only depression, 2) only metabolic syndrome, 3) only high homocysteine, 4) metabolic syndrome and mild depression, and 5) metabolic syndrome, mild depression and high homocysteine, respectively, were 0.74 (95% confidence interval: 0.57–0.96, 0.77 (95% confidence interval: 0.61–0.97), 1.08 (95% confidence interval: 0.66–1.76), 0.43 (95% confidence interval: 0.32–0.58), and 0.15 (95% confidence interval: 0.05–0.44), respectively. Conclusion Promotion of physical activity in the adult population, especially among women, who were found to be less moderately- to vigorously-physically active than their male counterparts, may play an important role in reducing these deleterious conditions.
Effects of radiation on host-tumor interactions using the multicellular tumor spheroid model.

Use of the multicellular tumor spheroid as a tumor model allows separate host or tumor treatment with ionizing radiation and examination of the effects on host-tumor immune interactions. Spheroids of EMT6/Ro, a BALB/c mammary tumor were implanted into the peritoneal cavity of syngeneic immunized mice, recovered, and dissociated into single cells. Cytolytic activity of mature spheroid associated cells and peritoneal cells was resistant to radiation doses as high as 1000 rads when irradiated directly prior to assay. Mice irradiated (200, 400, 700 rads) 24 h prior to spheroid injection had an increased number of tumor cells and decreased number of tumor infiltrating and peritoneal host cells upon spheroid recovery. This was paralleled by an increased colony forming efficiency per spheroid. Cytolytic activity of the spheroid associated cells against radiolabeled EMT6 cells was in many cases decreased with radiation although lysis was the same on a per cell basis. Cytolytic activity by peritoneal cells from these mice increased with dose as measured on a per cell basis. This activity from irradiated animals was carried out by a Thyl+ cell.
Primary Varicella Pneumonia in a Three-Year-Old Girl.

Summary A 3 1/2-year-old malnourished, but otherwise normal, Indian girl is described who during a severe attack of chickenpox had radiographic findings of a diffuse pulmonary infiltrate, consistent with that described for primary varicella pneumonia. A review of the literature reveals that this is a rare condition in childhood.
AutoMod®: modeling complex manufacturing, distribution, and logisitics systems for over 30 years

Decision making in industry continues to become more complicated. Customers are more demanding, competition is more fierce, and costs for labor and raw materials continue to rise. Managers need state-of-the-art tools to help in planning, design, and operations of their facilities. Simulation provides a virtual factory where ideas can be tested and performance improved. The AutoMod product suite from Applied Materials has been used on thousands of projects to help engineers and managers make the best decisions possible. AutoMod supports hierarchical model construction. This architecture allows users to reuse model components in other models, decreasing the time required to build a model. In addition, recent enhancements to AutoMod's material handling template systems have in-creased modeling accuracy and ease-of-use. These latest advances have helped make AutoMod one of the most widely used simulation software packages.
Self-Reported History of Childhood Maltreatment and Codependency in Undergraduate Nursing Students

The present study investigated the relationship between self-reported history of child abuse, neglect, and codependency in a sample of undergraduate nursing students. One hundred and two upper-division nursing students attending a medium-sized regional public university in the Southeast completed a four-part questionnaire containing the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ), the Psychological Maltreatment Inventory (PMI) and the Codependency Assessment Tool (CODAT). Correlations were computed. All forms of childhood abuse and neglect measured by the CTQ and PMI were significantly related to total codependency score. The strongest relationships overall were found between reported history of emotional neglect, emotional abuse, physical abuse, and codependency.
DNA sequence analysis of in vivo hprt mutation in human T lymphocytes

We have determined the molecular basis of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) mutations that arose in vivo in the T lymphocytes of a normal male subject. In previous studies approximately 16% (23/141) of the mutants from this individual analyzed by Southern blot displayed large structural alterations in hprt. Thirty-two mutants without these large hprt structural alterations produced sufficient hprt cDNA for polymerase chain reaction amplification and DNA sequence analysis. Base substitutions in hprt cDNA resulting in missense mutations and one mRNA splicing aberration (inclusion of intron sequences) were observed in 18/32 of these these mutants; substitutions occurred at both AT and GC base pairs. Small deletions (3/32), a tandem change and a single base insertion were also observed among the hprt cDNAs. Exon skipping and inclusion of hprt intron sequences in the hprt cDNA were observed in an additional 9/32 of the mutants. Analysis of T cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements revealed that six of eight mutants with an identical hprt T----A transversion displayed the same TCR rearrangement pattern, indicating that they were clonally related and arose from a single in vivo mutational event.
Factors affecting the size and deposition rate of the cathode deposit in an anodic arc used to produce carbon nanotubes

Two effects regarding the cathode deposit growth in the anodic arc producing carbon nanotubes are reported. First, there is a decrease of the cathode deposit growth rate with increasing interelectrode gap and second, there is an increase of the cathode deposit diameter with increasing arc current. Both effects are explained by assuming that interelectrode plasma is necessary to trigger the growth of the cathode deposit.
Organizational Tenure, Work Environment Perceptions, and Employee Mental Health.

Abstract The mediating effect of organizational “time investments” on the relationship between work environment perceptions and mental health was explored in two work settings. Participants were 257 managerial-level employees in a line organization and 214 in a staff setting. Results support the hypothesis of greater “responsivity” to perceived organizational stimuli for longer tenured employees, but only in the line setting. The mixed findings in the staff organization suggest that other characteristics of the environment (e.g., systems function) and of its members (e.g., organizational versus occupational identification) need to be considered. Implications for the social responsibilities of organizations to their members are offered in conclusion.
The glycoflavonoid pigments of wheat, Triticum aestivum, leaves

Abstract The C -glycosylflavone pigments found in wheat leaves are a varied mixture of compounds in the luteolin and apigenin series; iso-orientin, lutonarin, lucenin-1, lucenin-3, vicenin-2, and an unreported C -glycoside, wyomin, an iso-orientin derivative with rutinose at the 7-position. In addition, a 4′- O -glucosyl derivative of iso-swertisin was identified along with the previously reported flavone, tricin.
Anabolic steroid effects on immune function: differences between analogues

As an untoward effect of chronic anabolic steroid use, immunologic alterations may be induced. To evaluate this possibility five commercially available steroids with various types of structural differences were studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were divided into five groups and treated with testosterone (Group 1), testosterone propionate (Group 2), testolactone (Group 3), oxandrolone (Group 4), and stanozolol (Group 5). Androgenic anabolic steroids were administered daily, subcutaneously dissolved in oil, at a dose of 1.1 mg/kg. Immune alterations were assessed by skin-test responses to phytohemagglutinin. After five days of treatment (1.1 mg/kg/day) a significant immuno-suppression was observed with all groups. However, by day 10, groups 3, 4, and 5 showed an immuno-stimulation. Using oxandrolone as the model stimulant, serum testosterone levels were significantly suppressed, while castration abolished the stimulatory effect. These observations indicate that immune alterations do occur with anabolic steroids which are immuno-suppressive when the steroid nucleus is intact and immuno-stimulatory with nuclear alterations. It appears that these changes are associated with altered gonadal testosterone release.
Simplified calculation of dipole energy transport in a multilayer stack using dyadic Green’s functions

We extend the model of Chance, Prock and Silbey [1] and analytically determine the Poynting vector in the direction perpendicular to the plane of a multilayer organic device. The result is used to predict the spatial profile of Forster energy transfer, the radiative output of an organic light emitting device, and to calculate the efficiency of surface plasmon polariton-mediated energy transfer across a thin silver film.
Crystal structure at 2.2 Å resolution of the pleckstrin homology domain from human dynamin

Abstract The X-ray crystal structure of the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain from human dynamin has been refined to 2.2 A resolution. A seven-stranded β sandwich of two orthogonal antiparallel β sheets is closed at one corner by a C-terminal α helix. Opposite this helix are the three loops that vary most among PH domains. The basic fold is very similar to that of two other PH domains recently determined by nuclear magnetic resonance, confirming that PH domains are distinct structural modules. Each PH domain with known structure is electrostatically polarized, with the three variable loops forming a positively charged surface. This surface includes the position of the X-linked immunodeficiency mutation in the Btk PH domain and may serve as a ligand-binding surface.
Measuring consumerwelfareinthe CPU market: anapplication of the pure‐characteristics demand model

In this article, I estimate demand for the personal computer central processing unit and measure consumer welfare using the pure characteristics demand model. The model is based on a quasilinear utility function with multiplicative random variables and does not have the idiosyncratic logit error term, so that consumer welfare directly reflects consumers' valuation of product characteristics. Welfare calculations show that consumer surplus comprises approximately 90% of total social surplus and that large welfare gains have resulted from the introduction of new products.
Concentration dependency of interaction parameter between PVC and plasticizers using inverse gas chromatography

The inverse gas chromatography method was extended to study the concentration dependent Flory–Huggins interaction parameter between poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and plasticizers using literature data. For both PVC/polyadipate and PVC/epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) systems, the miscibility was better at the high PVC end. The specific interaction between PVC and plasticizers was estimated from the difference between the experimental results and the enthalpies of mixing predicted by the solubility parameter model. The interaction was negative and skewed toward the high PVC end, and rendered the overall interaction parameter negative at high PVC compositions. Chemical potential was used to determine the phase composition of PVC/plasticizer mixtures. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 146–156, 2004
Characterization of an eukaryotic peptide deformylase from Plasmodium falciparum.

Abstract Ribosomal protein synthesis in eubacteria and eukaryotic organelles initiates with an N -formylmethionyl-tRNA i , resulting in N-terminal formylation of all nascent polypeptides. Peptide deformylase (PDF) catalyzes the subsequent removal of the N-terminal formyl group from the majority of bacterial proteins. Until recently, PDF has been thought as an enzyme unique to the bacterial kingdom. Searches of the genomic DNA databases identified several genes that encode proteins of high sequence homology to bacterial PDF from eukaryotic organisms. The cDNA encoding Plasmodium falciparum PDF (PfPDF) has been cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein is catalytically active in deformylating N-formylated peptides, shares many of the properties of bacterial PDF, and is inhibited by specific PDF inhibitors. Western blot analysis indicated expression of mature PfPDF in trophozoite, schizont, and segmenter stages of intraerythrocytic development. These results provide strong evidence that a functional PDF is present in P. falciparum. In addition, PDF inhibitors inhibited the growth of P. falciparum in the intraerythrocytic culture.
Long-term complications of arteriohepatic dysplasia.

Abstract purpose: It has been stated that arteriohepatic dysplasia is a form of biliary paucity with a good prognosis. We wished to determine the long-term morbidity and mortality associated with arteriohepatic dysplasia. patients and methods: The charts of all patients with arteriohepatic dysplasia followed by the pediatric gastroenterologists of the University of Minnesota into adulthood were reviewed. results: Over the last 33 years, the pediatric gastroenterologists have followed 16 children with syndromic paucity, six of whom are now beyond age 18 years. Although five of six patients responded to medical therapy with improvement in their cholestasis and appeared stable clinically through childhood, five of six patients had complications of arteriohepatic dysplasia after age 16 years that resulted in severe morbidity (three) or death (two). These complications included hepatic failure (two), renal failure (one), cerebellar herniation (one), and hepatocellular carcinoma (one). In only one patient were symptoms of the complications present prior to the age of 18 years. conclusion: As more patients with arteriohepatic dysplasia reach adulthood, it appears that this syndrome may be accompanied by long-term manifestations extending beyond childhood. It is important that physicians assuming management of these patients from pediatricians be aware that new abnormalities may appear without warning and that the hepatic disease may deteriorate despite apparent stability through childhood.
Fosphenytoin use in children.

Phenytoin is widely used for the prevention and treatment of acute seizures in children. Although it has the advantage of being available in parenteral form, it cannot be given through the i.m. route. Furthermore, problems with venous accessibility and maintenance may complicate i.v. administration of phenytoin in newborns and very sick infants. Fosphenytoin, a new phenytoin prodrug, can be safely administered through the i.m. route, and, because of the physical characteristics of its formulation, it offers advantages over phenytoin for i.v. administration. Clinical studies with i.v. and i.m. fosphenytoin demonstrate that the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of this drug are similar in 5- to 18-year-old children and in young adults. The safety and pharmacokinetic profile of i.v. and i.m. fosphenytoin in younger children and infants is currently being investigated.
High-performance work practices and knowledge creation in organisations

The use of High-Performance Work Practices (HPWP) was found to be positively associated with firm performance. However, the mechanisms through which HPWP affect firm performance have not been studied in much detail. In this paper we argue that HPWP lead to higher levels of knowledge creation within the firm, and that knowledge creation is positively associated with value creation, which in turn affects firm performance. The main contribution of this paper is the delineation of two aspects of knowledge creation that are influenced by HPWP: coordination of knowledge-creating activities and motivation of employees to create knowledge. We adopt Nonaka's typology of knowledge creation modes to study how HPWP affect each of the four integral modes of knowledge creation: socialisation, externalisation, combination and internalisation. We also examine how HPWP influence intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for knowledge creation. Testable propositions are developed and possible areas of future research are outlined.
Spatial memory is enhanced in long-living Ames dwarf mice and maintained following kainic acid induced neurodegeneration.

Introduction Age associated cognitive impairment is associated with low levels of IGF-1, oxidative stress, and neuronal loss in the hippocampus. Ames dwarf mice are long-lived animals that exhibit peripheral IGF-1 deficiency. Hippocampal-based spatial memory (a homolog of cognitive function) has not been evaluated in these long-living mice.
Drosophila Morgue Associates with SkpA and Polyubiquitin In Vivo

Morgue is a unique ubiquitination protein that influences programmed cell death and circadian rhythms in Drosophila. We have found that over-expression of wild-type Morgue results in organismal lethality. This over-expression phenotype was used as the basis for an in vivo functional assay to investigate the importance of the Morgue zinc finger, F box, Ubiquitin E2 Conjugase Variant (UEV) domain, and active site Glycine residue. Removal of the zinc finger or UEV domain reduced Morgue’s ability to induce lethality and enhance cell death. In contrast, lack of the F box as well as several different substitutions of the active site Glycine did not alter Morgue-induced lethality or cell death enhancement. To further characterize Morgue functions, a Flag:Morgue protein was used to isolate Morgue-associated proteins from whole adult Drosophila. Mass spectrometry analysis of the Morgue-associated proteins identified SkpA as well as a ubiquitin multimer. The identification of SkpA is consistent with previous in vitro studies and further suggests Morgue acts in an SCF-type ubiquitin E3 ligase complex. The identification of poly-ubiquitin was unexpected and this interaction had not been previously identified. The associated poly-ubiquitin was found to exhibit a Lys-48 topology, consistent with distinct functions of Morgue in proteasome-mediated protein turnover. Multiple regions of Morgue were subsequently shown to be required for poly-ubiquitin binding. Overall, Morgue is a novel multi-functional ubiquitin-binding protein.
A Brief for the Defense

IHAVE HAD already occasion to answer reasonably fully Mr. Altman's objections to my views.' I may, therefore, confine myself here to a very brief summary of our main points of disagreement. The three pages granted me for a reply will be more than ample for this purpose, and I deeply appreciate the courtesy of the editor in extending, for the first time, such an invitation to an outsider. The main issue is not whether admittedly crude forecasts of future reserve deficiency are "unproven" or even "incorrect, at least for the next five or ten years" (paragraph 72). As to this too-to quote Mr. Altman-opinions may differ, and do indeed, as to whether it is wise to refuse to look five or ten years ahead, as he seems to argue in his concluding paragraphs. The main issue is whether the creation-or destruction-of the
Two polymorphs of 1,8-dichloroanthracene.

A second, monoclinic, polymorph of the title compound, C14H8Cl2, has been found. In addition to the structure of this monoclinic form, the structure of the previously described ortho­rhom­bic form [Desvergne, Chekpo & Bouas-Laurent (1978). J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, pp. 84–87; Benites, Maverick & Fronczek (1996). Acta Cryst. C52, 647–648] has been redetermined at low temperature and using modern methods. The low-temperature structure of the ortho­rhom­bic form is of significantly higher quality than the previously published structure and additional details can be derived. A comparison of the crystal packing of the two forms with a focus on weak inter­molecular C—H⋯Cl inter­actions shows the monoclinic structure to have one such inter­action linking the mol­ecules into infinite ribbons, while two crystallographically independent C—H⋯Cl interactions give rise to an inter­esting infinite three-dimensional network in the ortho­rhom­bic crystal form.
Resolution and absolute configuration of a C2-symmetric trans-2, 5-disubstituted fulleropyrrolidine

Abstract A series of 2, 5-disubstituted fulleropyrrolidines have been prepared by reaction of C60 with amino acids and aldehydes. The trans-d, l isomers could be resolved using a chiral isocyanate to prepare diastereomeric urea derivatives. The absolute configuration of the C2-symmetric trans isomers was assigned by correlation of their CD spectra with our previously reported sector rule for chiral fullerene monoderivatives.
A simple method of drift control for Ge(Li) detectors

Abstract A simple method is presented for controlling the drift of Ge(Li) diodes. The resulting characteristics of two 10 cm 3 detectors are discussed.
Decision analysis in formulary decision making.

Although decision making about what drugs to include in an institutional formulary appears to lend itself readily to quantitative techniques such as decision analysis and cost-benefit analysis, a review of the literature reveals that very little has been published in this area. Several of the published decision analyses use non-standard techniques that are, at best, of unproved validity, and may seriously distort the underlying issues through covert under-counting or double-counting of various drug attributes.
Life Cycle Assessment and Grid Electricity: What Do We Know and What Can We Know?

The generation and distribution of electricity comprises nearly 40% of U.S. CO2 emissions, as well as large shares of SO2, NOx, small particulates, and other toxins. Thus, correctly accounting for these electricity-related environmental releases is of great importance in life cycle assessment of products and processes. Unfortunately, there is no agreed-upon protocol for accounting for the environmental emissions associated with electricity, as well as significant uncertainty in the estimates. Here, we explore the limits of current knowledge about grid electricity in LCA and carbon footprinting for the U.S. electrical grid, and show that differences in standards, protocols, and reporting organizations can lead to important differences in estimates of CO2, SO2, and NOx emissions factors. We find a considerable divergence in published values for grid emissions factor in the U.S. We discuss the implications of this divergence and list recommendations for a standardized approach to accounting for air pollution...
The effect of fetal exchange transfusions with adult blood upon fetal oxygenation.

Extract: Intrauterine exchange transfusions were conducted in fetal sheep using adult sheep as donors. Indwelling catheters in the fetus permitted sampling of blood for 8 to 36 days following the transfusion. In the first days after the procedure there was a decreased oxygen affinity of umbilical blood, an increase of about 5 mm Hg in umbilical venous O2 tension, and a decrease of about 30% in O2 saturation. In the following weeks there was a gradual return of O2 affinity, PO2, and oxygen saturation to normal. In all of the experiments there was a good correlation between the O2 affinity of umbilical blood and the percentage of adult cells present. This correlation indicated that adult cells retained a normal O2 dissociation curve even after weeks of exposure to the new environment. Despite an increased umbilical venous PO2, the fetal reticulocyte count increased significantly after transfusion, but the oxygen capacity of umbilical blood remained within normal limits. Speculation: These studies suggest that the correction of fetal anemia in erythroblastosis fetalis by the use of fetal blood instead of adult blood would produce a greater increase in the amount of hemoglobin capable of carrying oxygen at the low oxygen tensions characteristic of the fetal circulation.
Wrestling and cinema, 1892–1911

While professional wrestling is a form of moving image media most commonly associated with television, its origins date back to the earliest experiments in American cinema. This article traces out the early history of wrestling films over the period 1892–1911, during which, despite widespread national popularity, the legitimate wrestling contest failed to catch on as viable cinematic genre. In tracing wrestling’s shift from the ‘shoot’ film of the early 1900s to the ‘worked’ style that would come to dominate in the televisual era following the financial failure of films of legitimate contests, this essay offers an important counterpoint to largely ahistorical definitions of wrestling as an inherently melodramatic or spectacular mode. Despite the seemingly close parallels between the sports of wrestling and boxing at the turn of the last century, this paper asserts that television wrestling should rather be understood as a mode akin to early cinema genres like slapstick comedy and cartoons, genres that fil...
Measurement of the Neutron-Proton Final-State Interaction in the Electrodisintegration of Deuterium

Measurements have been made of the inelastic differential cross sections for electrodisintegration of deuterium for $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ in the range from 0 to 12 Mev, where $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ is the energy in the $n\ensuremath{-}p$ center-of-mass system in the final state. Primary electron energies were in the range from 204 to 500 Mev. The process was studied for momentum transfers from 1.8 to 2.8 ${\mathrm{f}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The $n\ensuremath{-}p$ interaction in the unbound state gives rise to a peak in the differential cross sections for $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ near zero for transitions to the $^{1}S$ and $^{3}S$ states of the $n\ensuremath{-}p$ system. The high momentum transfers available make the results sensitive to the short range structure of the unbound $n\ensuremath{-}p$ wave functions. The results fail to agree with the predictions of Jankus even at the lowest momentum transfers, when a central attractive force is assumed for the $n\ensuremath{-}p$ force. At the highest momentum transfers the predicted cross sections are approximately 50% greater than the measured ones. The experimental results agree with theory if a repulsive core of the radius required to fit the elastic scattering data is used both in the bound and unbound $n\ensuremath{-}p$ states. The extent to which relativistic corrections alter this conclusion is not known at present.
The Mobility and Structure of Aerosol Agglomerates

The relation between the aerosol agglomerate structure and transition regime mobility can be explained with a simple model incorporating fractal geometry and results from computer simulations. The model is consistent with previous measurements of the shape factors and allows some structural information to be inferred from these measurements, although the data are insufficient for a rigorous comparison between theory and experiment. Experiments conducted here with well-characterized TiO_2 and Si agglomerates support the model' assumption that the mobility diameter of a particle in the free-molecule regime is determined solely by the projected area of the particle. The correlation between the projected area and the mobility equivalent size remains remarkably good throughout the transition regime for the agglomerate particles studied here. The model predicts this result for particles with fractal dimensions of approximately D_f = 2
Recurrence and finiteness for systems in a general setting

An X-system is G : I ? Q, Fx : Q ? Q (x ? X) and H : Q ? Y. X-systems generalize linear and bilinear systems over a ring. If I and Y are finite, morphic recurrence is necessary and sufficient for a finite realization. For systems over a ring, if X is finite and if Y is an Artinian, injective module, morphic recurrence is necessary and sufficient for an Artinian realization. For systems with equationally-definable state space, a Hankel matrix has finite rank if and only if it has an Artinian, Noetherian realization.
Semiempirical Determination of Fe II Oscillator Strengths

The “missing ultraviolet opacity” is caused by lines of iron group elements that go to excited configurations that have not yet been seen in the laboratory. For the first 10 ions I am computing allowed and forbidden transition arrays for all known even and odd configurations plus as many predicted configurations as I can fit in the computer. A-sums, Stark and van der Waals broadening constants, and the Lande g value are computed for each energy level. These data will be published as SAO reports and distributed on magnetic tape. For Fe II there are over one million lines.
Sesquiterpene and diterpene lactones from Melampodium leucanthum and the molecular structure of 4(5)-dihydromelampodin B

Abstract The aerial parts of Melampodium leucanthum afforded a novel diterpene-γ-lactone, 1,6,7-trihydroxy-17-acetoxymelcantholide, and two new sesquiterpene dilactones, 4(5)-dihydrocinerenin and 4(5)-dihydromelampodin C. The known melampolides, leucanthin A, melampodin A acetate, melampolidin and leucanthinin were also isolated. The structure determinations involved spectral and chemical methods. The molecular structure of 4(5)-dihydromelampodin B, determined by X-ray diffraction, is described.
IKKβ and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Participate in Non-pathogenic Gram-negative Enteric Bacteria-induced RelA Phosphorylation and NF-κB Activation in Both Primary and Intestinal Epithelial Cell Lines

Pathogenic and enteroinvasive bacteria have been shown to trigger the IκB/NF-κB transcriptional system and proinflammatory gene expression in epithelial cells. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of the commensal Gram-negativeBacteroides vulgatus-induced NF-κB signal transduction in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). We report that B. vulgatus induced interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 degradation, IκBα phosphorylation/degradation, RelA and Akt phosphorylation, as well as NF-κB DNA binding and NF-κB transcriptional activity in rat non-transformed IEC-6 cells. B. vulgatus- but not interleukin-1β-mediated NF-κB transcriptional activity was inhibited by dominant negative (dn) toll-like receptor 4. Of importance, B. vulgatus induced IκBα phosphorylation/degradation and IKKα/β and RelA phosphorylation in primary IEC derived from germ-free or mono-associated HLA-B27 transgenic and wild type rats, demonstrating the physiological relevance of non-pathogenic bacterial signaling in IEC. Adenoviral delivery of dn IKKβ or treatment with wortmannin inhibited B. vulgatus-induced endogenous RelA Ser-536 and GST-p65TAD (Ser-529/Ser-536) phosphorylation as well as NF-κB transcriptional activity in IEC-6 cells, suggesting a critical role of IKKβ and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt in bacteria-induced RelA phosphorylation and NF-κB activation. Interestingly, B. vulgatus-induced IκBα degradation and NF-κB transcriptional activity in IEC transwell cultures were inhibited in the presence of lymphocytes. We propose that non-pathogenic B. vulgatusactivates the NF-κB signaling pathway through both IκB degradation and RelA phosphorylation but that immune cells mediate tolerance of IEC to this commensal bacteria.
Analysis of the K− + p → Σ− + π+ reaction from 1.7 to2.0 GeV/c

The K−p→Σ−π+ differential cross section is investigated at 1.80 and 1.95 GeV/c incident momentum. The cross section changes rapidly. It is shown that the variation is consistent with the existence of a J=92y∗ at 2.15–2.22 GeV with Γ ≅ 50 to 80 MeV.
Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of living planktonic foraminifera from the northeast Pacific Ocean

Abstract Stable isotopic analyses were performed on the tests of five species of living planktonic foraminifera which are important in paleoclimatic studies of high-latitude Late Cenozoic sequences. All but two of the samples used are from horizontal plankton tows of known depths between 0–500 m in the northeastern Pacific Ocean (50°N, 145°W). In situ hydrographic, seawater stable isotopic, and quantitative species-distribution data are used in the interpretation of the results. All of the species show depletions in both 18 O and 13 C in their calcite tests relative to calcite precipitated in isotopic equilibrium with ambient seawater. Estimates of the departures from isotopic equilibrium range from −0.35‰ in Globigerinita glutinata to −2.24‰ in Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral) with respect to δ 18 O, and from −0.5‰ in Orbulina universa to −4.34‰ Globigerina bulloides with respect to δ 13 C. The δ 18 O data suggest that primary test growth for individual species is not restricted to the depth interval where highest total standing crop values occur. Oxygen and carbon isotopic depth rankings for G. bulloides, N. pachyderma and G. glutinata reflect the relative magnitude of the vital effect in these species and not necessarily different depth habitats. The vital effect for δ 18 O in these species remains approximately constant with changing temperature/water depth, while the vital effect for δ 13 C strongly decreases with increasing depth. Temperature also does not appear to directly affect the coiling ratios of G. bulloides , but a significant negative correlation exists between the percentage of sinistrally coiled G. glutinata and water temperature.
Occupation Mediates Ecosystem Services with Human Well-Being

The 2005 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment linked ecosystem services, the benefits people obtain from ecosystems, directly with four constituents of human well-being: security, basic material for good life, health, and freedom of choice and action. No explicit model of the role of human activity in the transformation of ecosystem services into well-being was, however, developed by the Assessment and the connective relations between ecosystem services and human well-being remain poorly understood. The authors of this paper argue that the concept of “occupation” is a crucial addition to understanding these connective relations. It is proposed that human well-being, human activity, and ecosystem services are mediated by, i.e., connected through the medium of, occupational performance. Some implications of this proposal for the study of the human dimensions of global environmental change are briefly discussed.
Evolution of two-layer thermohaline systems under surface cooling

This paper presents the results of a series of laboratory experiments aimed at understanding the processes associated with surface freezing of a two-layer fluid. The flow configuration consists of a layer of cold, salty water overlying a relatively deep bottom layer of warm, saltier water. This situation is common in high-latitude oceans during periods of rapid ice formation. The experiments were conducted in a tank with well-insulated side and bottom walls, placed in a walk-in freezer with air temperatures from -12 to -20°C. A system of thermocouples was used to measure the temperatures at fixed levels in water, ice and air. Microscale conductivity and temperature probes were used to obtain vertical profiles of temperature and salinity in the water. In general, when external fluxes of heat and salt are absent, such a system enhances static stability, in the sense that the net density difference between the layers increases with time. When external fluxes of heat (because of surface cooling) and salt (rejected during ice formation) are applied, however, this fluid system may become unstable and overturning of fluid layers is possible. In addition, heat transport from the warmer bottom layer to the colder upper layer may be important, possibly leading to a reduction in the rate of ice formation compared to that of a homogeneous fluid with temperature and salinity identical to the upper layer. Descriptions of such physical processes are given using laboratory experiments, and quantitative measurements of salient parameters are compared with the predictions of a theoretical model developed to explicate the flow evolution.