cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Places of Protest: The Public Forum in Principle and Practice

Protest events occur in historical time and geographical place. In the U.S., some places are now constitutionally privileged with respect to citizen access and free assembly and speech. These venues are known as the traditional commons or the public forum. It is our contention that in recent years (1) these spaces have been shrinking in number, (2) citizens have experienced increasing difficulty in gaining unrestricted access to them, and (3) such venues are no longer where most people typically congregate in large numbers. Nevertheless, as we will show, when citizens gather to express dissenting views toward the government at the turn of the twentieth century they overwhelmingly choose spaces in the public forum to do so.
The 'Rumble of a Dream Deferred' - Understanding the Court's Reluctance to Implement the Americans with Disabilities Act

The experience of the first fifteen years of judicial implementation of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act are dramatically different. Courts have been hostile to interpreting the ADA in an expansive, remedial manner as compared to the manner in which other civil rights statutes are interpreted. Miller argues that the answer can, in part, be explained by the vastly different historical and social contexts of the disability civil rights movement and the race and gender civil rights movement. Title VII legislation was built upon a civil rights movement that changed many of the hearts and minds of mainstream Americans. The civil rights movement, as an educational tool, created a moral foundation upon which Title VII was passed and implemented. By contrast, the disability civil rights movement occurred outside of the mainstream media and was largely invisible up until the passage of the ADA. Miller argues that this lack of social context presents a challenge to judges who often decide cases without understanding the disability experience. For this reason, many courts interpret the ADA in economic, rather than moral terms.
A comparative study of multi-GHz LCVCOs designed in 28nm CMOS technology

Four multi-GHz LCVCOs were designed in the GlobalFoundries 28 nm HPP CMOS technology: 15 GHz varactor-tuned NMOS-only, 9 GHz varactor-tuned self-biased CMOS, 14.2 GHz digitally-tuned NMOS-only, and 8.2 GHz digitally-tuned self-biased CMOS. As a design method, analytical expressions describing tuning range, tank amplitude constraint, and startup condition were used in MATLAB to output a graphical view of the design space for both NMOS-only and CMOS LCVCOs, with maximum varactor capacitance on the y-axis and NMOS transistor width on the x-axis. Phase noise was predicted as well. In addition to the standard varactor control voltage tuning method, digitally-tuned implementations of both NMOS and CMOS LCVCOs are presented. The performance aspects of all designed LCVCOs are compared. Both varactor-tuned and digitally-tuned NMOS LCVCOs have lower phase noise, lower power consumption, and higher tuning range than both CMOS topologies. The varactor-tuned NMOS LCVCO has the lowest phase noise of −97 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from 15 GHz center frequency, FOM of −172.20 dBc/Hz, and FOMT of −167.76 dBc/Hz. The digitally-tuned CMOS LCVCO has the greatest tuning range at 10%. Phase noise is improved by 3 dBc/Hz with the digitally-tuned CMOS topology over varactor-tuned CMOS.
Pharmacokinetics of 3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxy-5-methylcytidine in Rats

3′-Azido-2′,3′-dideoxy-5-methylcytidine (AzddMeC) has been shown to have potent activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro. The purpose of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of AzddMeC in rats. AzddMeC was administered intravenously at doses of 10, 50 and 100 mg kg−1. Plasma and urine AzddMeC concentrations were determined by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic parameters were generated by area/moment analysis. Plasma AzddMeC concentrations after 10mg kg−1 were too low to accurately calculate pharmacokinetic parameters. Following 50 and 100mg kg−1 AzddMeC, plasma drug concentrations declined rapidly with a terminal half-life of approximately 2.5 h. No statistically significant differences were noted in pharmacokinetic parameters between the two higher doses. Total clearance was 1.57 ± 0.33 (mean ± SD) and 1.76 ± 0.32I h−1 kg−1 after 50 and 100 mg kg−1 AzddMeC, respectively. Renal excretion accounted for approximately half of total clearance with 55 ± 11% of the dose recovered as uncha...
A note on the conditional approach to interval estimation in the calibration problem.

SUMMARY In the calibration problem, the need to construct a confidence interval to estimate the unknown x0 arises when the null hypothesis of zero slope is rejected. Otherwise, the resulting confidence interval will be infinite to reflect the fact that the slope of the regression line may be zero. Under the condition of rejecting the hypothesis of zero slope, we study the properties of the conditional coverage rate of the calibration confidence interval. The conditional coverage rate (PF) is a function of the slope, distance between x0 and the mean of the trailing sample x, the sum of squares of x, and n. When the true slope is close to 0 and x0 is away from x, PI can go down to 0. On the other hand, as the power of testing zero slope reaches 1, with or without x0 close to x, PI will tend to the desired nominal coverage rate. In summary, one should choose a reasonably small a in testing zero slope to avoid constructing a confidence interval for x0 when the true slope is 0. In addition, it is desirable to have high power in testing zero slope so that the resulting confidence interval will maintain the desired coverage rate when using the conditional approach in the calibration problem.
NEXUS: Collaborative Performance for the Masses, Handling Instrument Interface Distribution through the Web.

Distributed performance systems present many challenges to the artist in managing performance information, distribution and coordination of interface to many users, and cross platform support to provide a reasonable level of interaction to the widest possible user base. Now that many features of HTML 5 are implemented, powerful browser based interfaces can be utilized for distribution across a variety of static and mobile devices. The author proposes leveraging the power of a web application to handle distribution of user interfaces and passing interactions via OSC to and from realtime audio/video processing software. Interfaces developed in this fashion can reach potential performers by distributing a unique user interface to any device with a browser anywhere in the world.
The Aging U.S. Population

In 2000, there were 35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States comprising 12.4% of the U.S. population. Furthermore, over 4 million Americans were aged 85 or older comprising 1.5% of the total population (U.S. Census, 2000). The number of older Americans is 10 times higher now than it was in 1900 when there were only 3 million people aged 65 years and older. At that time, older people accounted for only 4% of the total population (Federal Interagency Forum on Aging Related Statistics, 2000, 2006). By 2030, in the United States the number of older people will double to 70 million and the proportion of people aged 65 or older will approach 20% of the total population. This increase in the proportion of older people represents the continuation of a long-standing trend. For example, life expectancy was 46 years in 1900 and increased to 77 years a century later. In fact, the 2000 U.S. Census reported over 50,000 centenarians in the United States. What are the implications of this massive increase in the number of older adults? How will it affect delivery of medical and dental care and supportive long-term care? What will be its effect on housing, transportation, and workforce training? Far-seeing government agencies have recognized the significance of this shift in the population, which will affect virtually every domain of life. For example, in 2000 the New York State the Office of Aging Commissioned a report called “Aging 2015”, requiring every agency within state government to project the impact of this aging revolution on its operations. Every government function was involved, from such obvious candidates as the state Medicaid program and Department of Health to much less obvious agencies, such as offices overseeing zoning regulations and recreation (New York State Office of the Aging, 2004). This effort represents a proper appraisal of the magnitude of this demographic change and the need for an integrated plan to prepare for the challenges of an increasingly older population. In 2006, the first baby boomers turned 60 years, with great attention from the
Enculturation in Mathematical Modelling

With an eye toward better understanding the students to whom we teach modelling, and toward helping modelling instructors to assess the effectiveness of their teaching, this study identifies student conceptions, affective responses, and understandings that change as students study mathematical modelling. Using a differential model, student's conceptions, emotions, and understandings are compared to the beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge of experienced modelers.
Pathogenic or non-pathogenic subpopulations of Th17 cells are generated by stimulation of naïve CD4 cells via antigen/APC or anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies (135.10)

Th17 cells play a major role in immunopathogenic processes. McGeachy et al, (Nat. Immunol., 2007) showed that two distinct subsets of Th17 were generated from activated CD4 cells when different polarization modes were used, with only one subset being encephalitogenic. Here, we analyzed the biological features of Th17 generated by the same polarization mechanism, i.e., incubation with IL-6 and TGF-b, but by two different modes of stimulation. Naive CD4 cells, collected from TCR transgenic mice specific against hen egg lysozyme (HEL), were activated by either HEL and APC (“HA”), or by plate-bound antibodies against CD3/CD28 (“PbAb”). PbAb Th17 produced moderately higher levels of IL-17 than HA Th17, but the latter cells released profoundly higher levels of IL-22. Interestingly, Th17 cells of the two subsets produced similar levels of IL-10, shown by both analysis of the culture supernatants and intracellular staining. Importantly, when adoptively transferred into recipients expressing HEL in their lens, only HA Th17 cells induced ocular inflammation in recipients, while no disease was detected in eyes of PbAb cell recipients. It is also of note that the two Th17 subsets differed in their profile of chemokine transcripts, resembling the two different profiles recorded by McGeachy et al with the pathogenic and non-pathogenic subsets. Thus, the pathogenic or non-pathogenic Th17 subsets are generated in our system, without pre-activation, by two stimulation modes.
Genetics, Temperament, and Personality

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the genetic bases of temperament and personality. Genetic and environmental influences are separable as components of trait variation. In the context of trait variation, nature can be clearly more influential than nurture and vice-versa. The heritability coefficient is a numerical estimator of the genetic component of trait variation. Estimates of heritability can take one of the two meanings: (1) this meaning is related to narrow-sense heritability. It represents genetic effects transmissible in families. A parent–child correlation on a trait is calculated as one–half the narrow-sense heritability. The narrow-sense heritability has one limitation. It fails to account for possible interactions among genes, which may be located separately in the DNA. Broad-sense heritability removes this deficiency. It is used to estimate all genetic variation contributing to trait variation, including both types of gene-gene interactions. Furthermore, genetic temperament and personality traits are discussed in this chapter. Temperament is the first expression of personality. Modern temperament theorists also focus on infancy, focusing on the first appearance of individual differences in personality. Theorists have differed in their particular definitions of temperament and in their assessment of the main temperamental traits.
Brain Natriuretic Peptide

Brain natriuretic peptide is a polypeptide that found in brain and cardiac ventricles. The circulating form contains 32 amino acid residues. While it has the same 17-member ring as atrial natriuretic peptide, some of the amino acid residues in the ring are different …
The Relationship between Sex Offender Height and Pedophilic Interest

ABSTRACTThe current study examined the relationship between offender height and pedophilic interest (as measured by having a victim under 13 years old) in a sample of 22,228 registered sex offenders in the United States. Results revealed that offenders with victims age 12 and under were, on average, nearly one-quarter inch shorter than offenders of adults, and .18 inches shorter than those with minor teen victims. Implications for future research about the biological etiology of child sexual abuse perpetration are discussed, including the role of adverse childhood experiences in the neurodevelopment of offenders.
A case of tracheobronchomegaly

Tracheobronchomegaly (Mounier-Kuhn syndrome) is a rare condition characterized by an abnormally enlarged trachea and main bronchi. Herein, we present a case of 79-year-old male with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to multilobar pneumonia. Computed tomography of the chest demonstrated a markedly dilated trachea, with the transverse diameter of 31mm and the sagittal diameter of 30mm. The clinical manifestations as well as its diagnosis, classification, and treatment are discussed.
Technical Note: Managing the high–tech firm

The following article gives a brief discussion of the differences between high–technology firms and traditional firms. In addition, it gives some philosophies to use when managing high–tech firms, what to avoid, and the type of managers needed.
The Development of Theory of Mind: Historical Reflections

In this article, I reflect on theory of mind as a field, including how it arose and how it developed. My research has been intertwined with this process; beginning right out of graduate school, my career developed along with the field, and I contributed to the field and its development at various points. So this essay also traces my path as I strived, and still strive, to understand how theory of mind begins and unfolds in human development, what forces shape that development, and what accounts best explain the timetables and progressions of theory-of-mind understandings in humans. I end with my sense of where theory-of-mind research is likely to head in the near future.
Role of exercise electrocardiogram to screen for T-wave oversensing after implantation of subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.

Background During early experience with subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (S-ICD), several patients had inappropriate shocks from T-wave oversensing (TWOS) during exercise. This prompted some operators to perform routine treadmill exercise tests after implantation of S-ICD to screen for TWOS. Meanwhile, improvements have been made in the detection algorithms by the manufacturer. Objective To assess whether routine treadmill exercise post S-ICD implantation is warranted. Methods Patients undergoing S-ICD implantation from October 2012 to December 2016 who were able to complete a treadmill exercise were included in the study. The amplitude of R and T waves as assessed by the device programmer at rest and peak exercise was calculated and incidence of TWOS recorded. Results Eighty-seven patients with complete treadmill exercise test data were included in the final analysis. The majority of the patients received S-ICD for primary prevention. Nine percent of the included patients had hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. During treadmill exercise, there was significant increase in the heart rate from rest (77 ± 14 beats per minute) to peak exercise (133 ± 14 beats per minute; P Conclusions With current screening and detection algorithms for S-ICD, routine treadmill exercise does not result in additional discrimination of patients susceptible to TWOS.
Image-based object state modeling of a transfer task in simulated surgical training

This paper proposes a real-time, image-based training scenario comprehension method. This method aims to support the visual and haptic guidance system for laparoscopic surgery skill training. The target task of the proposed approach is a simulation model of a peg transfer task, which is one of the hands-on exam topics in the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery certification. In this paper, a simulation process of an image-based object state modeling method is proposed. It generates a system object state of the transfer task to support the guidance system. A rule-based, intelligent system is used to discern the object state without the aid of any object template or model. This is the novelty of the proposed method.
Blame You, Blame Me: Exploring Attribution Differences and Impact in Family and Nonfamily Firms:

We explore how publicly listed family and nonfamily firms engage in self-serving attributions in their annual financial reports. We empirically examine how both types of firms emphasize internal at...
What Makes an “Urban Soil”?

Abstract Urban soils experience formation factors unique among traditional soil orders. The effects of urban areas are diverse. Many different forms of management exert influence over urban soil. This results in a patchwork of soil and high variability between one location and the next.
Healthy Body Image Intervention Delivered to Young Women via Facebook Groups: Formative Study of Engagement and Acceptability.

Background: There is increasing interest in using social media sites such as Facebook to deliver health interventions so as to expose people to content while they are engaging in their usual social media habit. This formative intervention development study is novel in describing a preliminary test of using the secret group feature of Facebook to deliver a behavioral intervention targeting users of indoor tanning beds to reduce their risk of skin cancer. Intervention content was designed to challenge body image-related constructs associated with indoor tanning through the use of dissonance-inducing content. Objective: To evaluate engagement with and acceptability of using a secret Facebook group to deliver a healthy body image intervention to young women engaged in indoor tanning. Methods: Seventeen young women completed a baseline survey and joined a secret Facebook group with intervention content delivered via daily posts for 4 weeks. Engagement data was extracted and acceptability was measured via a follow-up survey. Results: The study had a high retention rate (94%, [16/17]). On average, posts were viewed by 91% of participants, liked by 35%, and commented on by 26%. The average comment rate was highest (65%) for posts that elicited comments by directly posing questions or discussion topics to the group. Average intervention acceptability ratings were highly positive and participants reported feeling connected to the group and its topic. Average rates of past 1-month indoor tanning reported following the intervention were lower than the baseline rate (P=.08, Cohen d=0.47). Conclusions: This study is novel in demonstrating participant engagement with and acceptability of using Facebook secret groups to deliver a dissonance-inducing intervention approach that utilizes group-based discussions related to body image. The study is also unique within the field of skin cancer prevention by demonstrating the potential value of delivering an indoor tanning intervention within an interactive social media format. The findings suggest that Facebook metrics of intervention post engagement (ie, likes and comments) may vary based on post types and that designing specifically labeled discussion posts may be helpful for soliciting engagement as well as challenging beliefs. [JMIR Res Protoc 2018;7(2):e54]
Glimpse.3D: a motion-triggered stereo body camera for 3D experience capture and preview

The Glimpse.3D is a body-worn camera that captures, processes, stores, and transmits 3D visual information of a real-world environment using a low cost camera-based sensor system that is constrained by its limited processing capability, storage, and battery life. The 3D content is viewed on a mobile device such as a smartphone or a virtual reality headset. This system can be used in applications such as capturing and sharing 3D content in the social media, training people in different professions, and post-facto analysis of an event. Glimpse.3D uses off-the-shelf hardware and standard computer vision algorithms. Its novelty lies in the ability to optimally control camera data acquisition and processing stages to guarantee the desired quality of captured information and battery life. The design of the controller is based on extensive measurements and modeling of the relationships between the linear and angular motion of a body-worn camera and the quality of generated 3D point clouds as well as the battery life of the system. To achieve this, we 1) devise a new metric to quantify the quality of generated 3D point clouds, 2) formulate an optimization problem to find an optimal trigger point for the camera system that prolongs its battery life while maximizing the quality of captured 3D environment, and 3) make the model adaptive so that the system evolves and its performance improves over time.
Equilibration Time Required for Respiratory System Compliance and Oxygenation Response Following Changes in Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in Mechanically Ventilated Children.

OBJECTIVES Increases in positive end-expiratory pressure are implemented to improve oxygenation through the recruitment and stabilization of collapsed alveoli. However, the time it takes for a positive end-expiratory pressure change to have maximum effect upon oxygenation and pulmonary compliance has not been adequately described in children. Therefore, we sought to quantify the time required for oxygenation and pulmonary system compliance changes in children requiring mechanical ventilation. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of continuous data. SETTINGS Multidisciplinary ICU of a pediatric university hospital. PATIENTS Mechanically ventilated pediatric subjects. INTERVENTIONS A case was eligible for analysis if during a 90-minute window following an increase in positive end-expiratory pressure, no other changes to the ventilator were made, ventilator and physiologic data were continuously available and a positive oxygenation response was observed. Time to 90% (T90) of the maximum change in oxygenation and compliance was computed. Differences between oxygenation and compliance T90 were compared using a paired t test. The effect of severity of illness (by oxygen saturation index) upon oxygenation and compliance was analyzed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A total of 200 subjects were enrolled and 1,150 positive end-expiratory pressure change cases were analyzed. Of these, 54 subjects with 171 positive end-expiratory pressure change case were included in the analysis (67% were responders).Changes in dynamic compliance (T90 = 38 min) preceded changes in oxygenation (T90 = 71 min; p < 0.001). Oxygenation response differed depending on severity of illness quantified by oxygen saturation index; lung dysfunction was associated with a longer response time (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS T90 requires 38 and 71 minutes for dynamic pulmonary compliance and oxygenation, respectively; the latter was directly observed to be dependent upon severity of illness. To our knowledge, this is the first report of oxygenation and compliance equilibration data following positive end-expiratory pressure increases in pediatric mechanically ventilated subjects.
The inclusion of hyoid muscles improve moment generating capacity and dynamic simulations in musculoskeletal models of the head and neck

OpenSim musculoskeletal models of the head and neck can provide information about muscle activity and the response of the head and neck to a variety of situations. Previous models report weak flexion strength, which is partially due to lacking moment generating capacity in the upper cervical spine. Previous models have also lacked realistic hyoid muscles, which have the capability to improve flexion strength and control in the upper cervical spine. Suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles were incorporated in an OpenSim musculoskeletal model of the head and neck. This model was based on previous OpenSim models, and now includes hyoid muscles and passive elements. The moment generating capacity of the model was tested by simulating physical experiments in the OpenSim environment. The flexor and extensor muscle strengths were scaled to match static experimental results. Models with and without hyoid muscles were used to simulate experimentally captured motions, and the need for reserve actuators was evaluated. The addition of hyoid muscles greatly increased flexion strength, and the model is the first of its kind to have realistic strength values in all directions. Less reserve actuator moment was required to simulate real motions with the addition of hyoid muscles. Several additional ways of improving flexion strength were investigated. Hyoid muscles add control and strength to OpenSim musculoskeletal models of the head and neck and improve simulations of head and neck movements.
Interaction of soliton-like light beamsin second-order non-linear materials

We investigate numerically the interaction between two light beams, initially monochromatic, during the excitation of solitary waves in quadratically non-linear media. We show that the result of the interaction is strongly dependent on soliton oscillations occurring during excitation, generating a new class of threshold phenomena.
Innovative Community-Based Crisis and Emergency Services

In order to appreciate the development of crisis and emergency care in psychiatry in its present form and the potential for innovations in the future, it is important to understand the evolution of psychiatric care in general. Individuals with mental illness have remained on the margins of society throughout our history. They have been subjected to various forms of mistreatment in many periods, both in community settings and in the asylum or state hospital systems. In the mid-nineteenth century, Dorothea Dix advocated for the humane treatment of the mentally ill, specifically requesting the creation of institutions that would “provide structure, security, and a healing environment” (Casher and Bess 2010) (see Chaps. 2 and 5 for details). By the late 1800s and early 1900s, many asylums were operated on the theory that moral approaches to care, characterized by staff and family support, productive activities, and a pleasant environment, was the proper way to treat insanity, and some of these ideas are reemerging today.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy: Ethical Considerations

Since its introduction into clinical practice in 1980, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) has come to be utilized in virtually all patients who require enteral nutrition. The popularity of PEG has thrust gastroenterologists into the controversies surrounding tube feeding and the so-called right-to-die legislation. This article reviews selected landmark court decisions and concomitant ethical issues that form the basis for current public health policy and debate. Next, recent studies addressing complication and survival data associated with the various enteral feeding modalities are reviewed. Finally, the ethical issues of artificial nutrition and hydration are re-examined in the context of these recent studies, and suggestions are made regarding appropriate use of enteral feeding technologies.
Towards Developing Sustainable Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems

Abstract This paper aims to examine the sustainable manufacturing performance of Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems (RMSs) using existing sustainable manufacturing metrics. RMS has six key characteristics including modularity, integrability, customization, scalability, convertibility, and diagnosability. In this paper, ‘convertibility’ is quantified by considering configuration convertibility, machine convertibility, and material handling device convertibility from the RMS perspective. In addition, the performance of RMSs with different convertibility levels is also evaluated by using sustainable manufacturing metrics. A numerical example is used to demonstrate the computational approach. Results of the analysis are used to show how sustainable manufacturing performance of RMS changes as system convertibility varies. The findings show that RMS sustainable manufacturing performance can be improved by selecting a suitable level of convertibility.
Concurrent palliative care in the surgical management of head and neck cancer

Head and neck cancer affects vital functions of speech, swallowing, breathing, and appearance. Overall survival remains poor and symptom burden is high for both patients with incurable disease at the end of life and for long-term survivors. Early and concurrent palliative care helps guide treatment decision making and support quality of life during and after treatment. Both narrative competence and directive counsel can affect the concordance of patient goals and tolerance of treatment and outcomes.
IGFEM-based shape sensitivity analysis of the transverse failure of a composite laminate

This manuscript presents a shape sensitivity analysis method based on an Interface-enriched Generalized Finite Element Method (IGFEM) formulation and its application to the sensitivity of the transverse failure of a fiber-reinforced composite laminate with respect to the geometrical parameters that define its microstructure. The analytical sensitivities with respect to individual fiber radius and placement are first derived within the context of a cohesive IGFEM solver specially developed to simulate the fiber/matrix debonding observed in the transverse failure of composite laminates with high fiber volume fraction. The IGFEM solver utilizes $$C^{-1}$$ continuous enrichment functions and a cohesive failure model to capture the transverse cracking associated primarily with fiber/matrix interface debonding. In addition to the sensitivities with respect to individual geometrical parameters such as the radius of individual fibers, the sensitivities of the transverse stress–strain response with respect to the parameters that define the distributions of the geometrical parameters such as the mean and standard deviation of the fiber radius and nearest-neighbor distance distributions are also derived. The sensitivity analysis is performed on realistic microstructures composed of hundreds of fibers to characterize the influence of the geometrical parameters and their distributions on the transverse failure response of the composite laminate.
Labor Force Attachment and Maternity Leave Usage of Cohabiting Mothers in the United States

This paper studies the labor supply decisions of new mothers in cohabiting relationships in the United States. Using cross-sectional data from the 1997 Cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth as well as from the March Current Population Survey Annual Demographic Supplement, this paper analyzes how the birth of a child impacts a mother’s labor supply. Different subgroups of women based on relationship status are analyzed and compared. Both cross-sectional analyses show that new mothers in cohabiting households behave differently than their married counterparts when it comes to their labor supply after the birth of a child, taking significantly shorter leaves and working more hours in the year of birth. The results also suggest that their partner’s income is not a significant factor in determining their labor supply, which differs from married mothers. This research gives us important insights into the economic decision-making behavior of these nontraditional households.
The Relationship Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms.

Study Objectives:The role of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the overall outcome of ruptured intracranial aneurysms (RIAs) is unknown. We have investigated the role of OSA in overall outcome of RI...
Ethnographic Research: Signs Follow Them That Believe

In this chapter, Mullis details and analyzes ethnographic fieldwork in Pentecostal and non-denominational charismatic churches in Southern Appalachia. This research reveals the institutionally destabilizing power of ecstatic experience, the use of folk aesthetics in rural contexts, how various technologies supplement rituals in rural and urban churches, and the theatrical techniques used by faith healers. Mullis develops an argument regarding the manner in which ecstatic experience is ritually and theatrically framed and an argument concerning the relationship between ritual theater and theatrical ritual which develops Richard Schechner and Victor Turner’s theater anthropology.
Oncogenic and tumor-suppressive microRNAs in prostate cancer

Abstract MicroRNAs are known to be dysregulated in prostate cancer. These small noncoding RNAs can function as biomarkers and are involved in the biology of prostate cancer. The canonical mechanism for microRNAs is post-transcription regulation of gene expression via binding to the 3′ untranslated region of mRNAs, resulting in RNA degradation and/or translational repression. Thus, oncogenic microRNAs, also known as oncomiRs, often have high expression in prostate cancer and target the mRNAs of tumor suppressors. Conversely, tumor-suppressive microRNAs have reduced expression in cancer and typically target oncogenes. Some microRNAs function outside the classical mechanism and serve to stabilize their mRNA targets. Herein, we review contemporary studies that demonstrate oncogenic and tumor-suppressive activity of microRNAs in prostate cancer.
The role of fluctuations in determining cellular network thermodynamics

The steady state distributions of phenotypic responses within an isogenic population of cells result from both deterministic and stochastic characteristics of biochemical networks. A biochemical network can be characterized by a multidimensional potential landscape based on the distribution of responses and a diffusion matrix of the correlated dynamic fluctuations between N-numbers of intracellular network variables. In this work, we develop a thermodynamic description of biological networks at the level of microscopic interactions between network variables. The Boltzmann H-function defines the rate of free energy dissipation of a network system and provides a framework for determining the heat associated with the nonequilibrium steady state and its network components. The magnitudes of the landscape gradients and the dynamic correlated fluctuations of network variables are experimentally accessible. We describe the use of Fokker-Planck dynamics to calculate housekeeping heat from the experimental data by a method that we refer to as Thermo-FP. The method provides insight into the composition of the network and the relative thermodynamic contributions from network components. We surmise that these thermodynamic quantities allow determination of the relative importance of network components to overall network control. We conjecture that there is an upper limit to the rate of dissipative heat produced by a biological system that is associated with system size or modularity, and we show that the dissipative heat has a lower bound.
A Preliminary Case for Hirschman Transform Video Coding

The use of Hirschman transforms for video coding has not been considered previously, primarily due to the lack of any previous construction of a real-valued Hirschman transform. In this paper, we introduce a new 2D separable 8×8 Hirschman transform that, for the first time, is inherently real and integer-valued. We apply this new transform to perform block-based video coding. Our preliminary results on the well-known Foreman sequence show significantly superior coefficient quantization performance relative to both the 2D DCT and the H.264 8×8 integer transform. We also study the energy compaction characteristics of the new transform. Preliminary results indicate that, in contrast to the DCT, the Hirschman transform coefficients tend to cluster around a few integer values on average, suggesting that m-ary run-length coding may provide a particularly efficient encoding after quantization of the Hirschman transform coefficients.
Single-mode efficiency in free-electron lasers

For free-electron laser (FEL) devices with dilute and cold electron beams, an expression for the single-mode efficiency, ∊, is defined. The connection with the full (quantum mechanical) gain, G, is such that ∊/G is equal to the ratio of the total photon energy to the kinetic electron-beam energy “trapped” in the interaction volume V. Both ∊ and G are discussed quantitatively, using the example of a quantum model of the Smith-Purcell FEL: it is shown that unlike G, ∊ depends on the total photon energy trapped in V even in the classical regime.
Adult Ministry in the Church: A Forty-year Perspective

The article describes the changes and developments in adult educational ministry during the 40 years since the inception of the Christian Educational Journal (CEJ) through an extensive review of th...
überSpark: Practical, Provable, End-to-End Guarantees on Commodity Heterogenous Interconnected Computing Platforms

Today's computing ecosystem, comprising commodity heterogeneous interconnected computing (CHIC) platforms, is increasingly being employed for critical applications, consequently demanding fairly strong end-to-end assurances. However, the generality and system complexity of today's CHIC stack seem to outpace existing tools and methodologies toward provable end-to-end guarantees. This paper describes our on-going research, and presents uberSpark, a system architecture that argues for structuring the CHIC stack around Universal Object Abstractions (uobjects), a fundamental system abstraction and building block towards practical and provable end-to-end guarantees.
Teaching Java to IS Students: Top Ten Most Heinous Programming Errors

Learning to write computer programs is a difficult process. This short experience paper details ten common, yet difficult to spot errors made by students in my introductory Java programming classes. The errors detailed in this article are considered "heinous" because they either don't occur every time, are hard to spot when desk checking code, are due to an inconsistency in the Java language itself, or all of the above. Along with the errors this article describes teaching techniques to help students avoid them and suggests potential language modifications to preclude them.
Acellular Nerve Allografts in Major Peripheral Nerve Repairs: An Analysis of Cases Presenting With Limited Recovery

Background:Acellular nerve allografts have been used successfully and with increasing frequency to reconstruct nerve injuries. As their use has been expanded to treat longer gap, larger diameter ne...
Man with headache and altered mental status.

Presentation An 83-year-old man presented for headache and altered mental status. Four days prior, he underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for nasal polyps. Over the two previous days, he gradually developed a headache and was brought to the emergency department when his wife noted mild confusion and generalised weakness. His examination was notable for a heart rate of 101 beats per minute, clear nasal discharge, meningismus and confusion to the date with generalised weakness. A lumbar puncture revealed cloudy cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with a white blood cell count of 3519x10ˆ9/L (95% neutrophils). A CT scan of the head was obtained (figure 1). Question What is the appropriate next step in management? Obtain MRI of the brain to localise ischaemic damage. Administer broad-spectrum antibiotics, including pseudomonal coverage. Consult otolaryngology to arrange functional endoscopic sinus surgery for CSF leak closure. Consult neurosurgery for surgical decompression of mass lesion(s).
Vericiguat: A Novel Oral Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator for the Treatment of Heart Failure.

ObjectiveTo review the efficacy and safety of vericiguat indicated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and heart failure (HF) hospitalization following hospitalization or need for outpatient...
Temporal Control of Morphogenic Factor Expression Determines Efficacy in Enhancing Regeneration.

Background: Regeneration of fertile plants from tissue culture is a critical bottleneck in the application of new plant breeding technologies. Ectopic overexpression of morphogenic factors is a promising workaround for this hurdle. Methods: Conditional overexpression of WUS and ARF5Δ was used to study the effect of timing the overexpression of these morphogenic factors during shoot regeneration from root explants in Arabidopsis. In addition, their effect on auxin-signaling activation was examined by visualization and cytometric quantification of the DR5:GFP auxin-signaling reporter in roots and protoplasts, respectively. Results: The induced expression of both WUS and ARF5Δ led to an activation of auxin signaling in roots. Activation of auxin signaling by WUS and ARF5Δ was further quantified by transient transformation of protoplasts. Ectopic overexpression of both WUS and ARF5Δ enhanced regeneration efficiency, but only during the shoot-induction stage of regeneration and not during the callus-induction stage. Conclusions: The overexpression of WUS and ARF5Δ both lead to activation of auxin signaling. Expression during the shoot-induction stage is critical for the enhancement of shoot regeneration by WUS and ARF5Δ.
Clinical exposure-response relationship of cefepime/taniborbactam against Gram-negative organisms in the murine complicated urinary tract infection model.

OBJECTIVES Complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) are frequently encountered in hospitals and ICUs. Increasingly, the causative pathogens harbour enzymatic resistance mechanisms. Taniborbactam is a novel β-lactamase inhibitor with activity against Ambler class A, B, C and D β-lactamases. Herein, we assessed the efficacy of cefepime alone and the combination cefepime/taniborbactam in a neutropenic murine cUTI model. METHODS Eighteen cefepime-resistant clinical isolates (9 Enterobacterales, 3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 6 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; cefepime MIC = 32 to >512 mg/L) were assessed. Cefepime/taniborbactam MICs ranged from 0.06 to 128 mg/L. Human-simulated plasma regimens (HSRs) of cefepime alone and in combination with taniborbactam were developed in the murine cUTI model. The efficacy of cefepime HSR and cefepime/taniborbactam HSR was determined as the change in log10 cfu/kidney at 48 h compared with 48 h controls. RESULTS Mean ± SD initial bacterial burden was 5.66 ± 0.56 log10 cfu/kidney, which increased to 9.05 ± 0.39 log10 cfu/kidney at 48 h. The cefepime HSR was ineffective, as bacterial burden was similar to untreated controls (-0.14 ± 0.40 change in log10 cfu/kidney). In contrast, cefepime/taniborbactam exhibited substantial killing, with log10 cfu/kidney changes of -5.48 ± 1.3, -4.79 ± 0.3 and -5.04 ± 0.7 for ESBL/AmpC-, KPC- and OXA-48-harbouring Enterobacterales, respectively. Cefepime/taniborbactam also exhibited robust killing of P. aeruginosa (-6.5 ± 0.26) and S. maltophilia (-5.66 ± 0.71). CONCLUSIONS Humanized exposures of cefepime/taniborbactam achieved robust killing of Enterobacterales, P. aeruginosa and S. maltophilia harbouring ESBL, AmpC, KPC and/or OXA-48. These data support the role of cefepime/taniborbactam for cUTI treatment for cefepime/taniborbactam MICs up to 32 mg/L.
The efficient classroom: How team-based learning and lecture video acceleration affect the learning efficiency and effectiveness of a first-year engineering course

This paper researches the impact of the team-based learning (TBL) pedagogy and video lecture viewing strategies on an introductory engineering course. Teaching an introductory engineering course is a complex task because the students vary greatly in ability and experience. As the demand for engineers grows, emphases are placed on introductory engineering courses to effectively and efficiently educate the student in order to prepare them for their future engineering coursework and career. TBL, especially with the use of video lectures, has shown promise as an educational tool for a broad variety of students, but more research is needed. This paper describes three studies that provide more insight into whether the TBL pedagogy with video lectures is sufficient to provide the flexibility, performance, and preferential environment needed for introductory engineering classes. The first study compares two semesters of the TBL pedagogy to two semesters of the traditional pedagogy in a first-year Industrial Engineering course. This comparison demonstrated that students perform slightly better in the TBL pedagogy, students have a strong preference for the TBL classroom, and TBL provides a more engaging and interactive environment. The second study surveyed both first-year engineering students and the general university student population to understand the lecture video viewing habits of students. The study showed that approximately 45% of the students sampled accelerate video lectures to 1.25X or 1.5X normal speed and another 45% of students watch them at normal speed. Less than 10% of the students accelerate videos faster than 1.5X normal speed. The third study investigated the trade-off between video acceleration and video comprehension and how practice watching accelerated videos impacts that trade-off. The results show that video acceleration up to 2X normal speed may be warranted
Drug delivery by immunoliposomes.

Work in our laboratory has focused on immunoliposomes, vesicles bearing antibody specific for tumor or viral antigens on target cells. We have developed a system in which mouse IgG is reacted with the Nhydroxy-succinimide ester of palmitic acid (Fig. 1) (Huang et al., 1980) resulting in the attachment of 4–5 palmitoyl chains per IgG. Derivatization occurs primarily in the F region of the antibody (Huang et al., 1981; Ho and Huang, 1986a). Incorporation of the palmitoyl IgG into the liposome bilayer leads to target-specific uptake of the immunoliposomes by antigen-expressing cells. Here we describe our recent efforts at immunoliposome design for the targeted delivery of various drugs and macromolecules.
The Place of Sovereignty: Mapping Power with Agamben, Butler, and Foucault

This article addresses the relationship between sovereignty, biopolitics and governmentality in the work of Giorgio Agamben, Judith Butler, and Michel Foucault. By unpacking Foucault’s genealogy of modern governmentality, it responds to a criticism leveled against Foucauldian accounts of power for their alleged abandonment of the traditional model of power in juridico-institutional terms in favor of an understanding of power as purely productive. This claim has most significantly been developed by Agamben in “Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life”. I argue that Judith Butler’s analysis of power, in particular in her essay “Indefinite Detention”, presents a more differentiated account of power that registers the significance of practices of sovereignty and resonates with Foucault’s lectures on “Security, Territory, Population”.
Associations Between Self-Rated Diet Quality and Type 2 Diabetes Indicators: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2009-2010)

Objective: To examine associations between self-rated diet quality and key health indicators within a nationally representative sample (NHANES 2009-2010). Methods: Self-rated diet quality was asses...
Dynamics affecting tracking bias in hard disk drive rotary actuators

The hand-off from seeking tracking in hard disk drives can be made more quickly if the average bias current necessary to maintain tracking is known a priori. It has been observed that there are several variables which influence bias including the history of seeks made by the drive. This paper discusses the variables affecting bias, experimentally investigates the effects of seek history, and suggests improved algorithms for bias prediction.