cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic monitoring guides adaptive management of a migratory fish reintroduction program

Dams contribute to declines in fish abundance, in part, by blocking access to historical habitat. When fish ladders are infeasible, fish can be trapped below a dam and transported above to provide access to habitat. However, this conservation strategy has received little attention in the literature, and many questions regarding efficacy remain unanswered. Here, we used a genetic parentage approach to evaluate cohort replacement rate (CRR), defined as the number of future spawners produced by a spawner, for a spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha trap and transport reintroduction program. We used CRRs to determine if the population can sustain itself in the absence of immigration, which is important when assessing demographic viability. We also evaluated the effects of release locations and dates on the fitness of reintroduced fish. Counts of adult offspring per spawner were used to estimate fitness of salmon reintroduced in 2007 and 2008. We found that fitness decreased slightly as adults were released later in the spawning season in 2007, but not in 2008. Release location did not affect fitness in either year. We also found a seasonal decline in the likelihood that a Chinook salmon collected at the trap and transport facility was produced above the dam. Finally, 2007 and 2008 CRRs were both well below one, indicating that improvements are needed to achieve demographic stability. We demonstrate that genetic monitoring of a reintroduction program helped to inform demographic viability assessments, and suggest that our approach may be broadly applicable to other philopatric species.
Media coverage and the escalation of militarized interstate disputes, 1992–2001:

Some international crises – such as the Cuban Missile Crisis – receive widespread media coverage, while others are barely reported at all. Does this matter for the behavior of the dispute participa...
New optimization algorithm of 0-1 knapsack problem

In order to do further research on enigmatical knapsack problems,this paper proposed an economic model based on dynamic expectation efficiency,and established a new optimization algorithm of 0-1 knapsack problem after analysis and research with the traditional theory of solving knapsack problem.And this paper gave the individual experiment and comparison experiment with artificial glowworm swam algorithm.The results of experiment show that the algorithm is better than greedy algorithm,backtracking algorithm,dynamic programming algorithm and bound algorithm in the same 0-1 knapsack problem.In comparison with artificial glowworm swam algorithm,this algorithm improves convergence speed largely and saves the storage space,and the convergence speed is ten times as the artificial glowworm swam algorithm.Finally,this paper gave 20 0-1 knapsack problems,proved the feasibility of the algorithm,and determined an adaptive scope of the algorithm.
Extracting electrode space charge limited current: Charge injection into conjugated polyelectrolytes with a semiconductor electrode

Conjugated polyelectrolytes and related mixed ionic-electronic conductors (MIECs) are being explored for energy applications including solid-state lighting and photovoltaics. Fundamental models of charge injection into MIECs have been primarily developed for MIECs contacted with highly conductive or metal electrodes (MEs), despite many potential applications involving semiconductors. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that an appropriate semiconductor electrode (SE), n-type for electron or p-type of hole injection, can limit injection into MIECs. When the SE is the injecting electrode and is under accumulation, there is little difference from a ME. When the SE acts as the extracting electrode, however, injection into the MIEC can be limited because a fraction of any applied bias must support charge depletion in the semiconductor rather than charge injection into the MIEC. In a ME/MIEC/SE system, this can lead to significant asymmetry in current-voltage and injected charge-voltage behavior.
Human connexin 43 gap junction channel gating: evidence for mode shifts and/or heterogeneity.

The gating parameters of human connexin 43 (Cx43) gap junction channels were determined using dual whole cell patch clamp and methods designed for analysis of multichannel recordings. Under steady-...
Taking a Stand: Consumer Responses to Corporate Political Activism

Corporations are taking public positions on divisive political issues with remarkable frequency. We call this corporate political activism, a largely recent phenomenon that highlights the widening role that corporations have in modern society. While the conventional wisdom suggests that companies should avoid political activism at almost any cost, we find evidence in the consumer context that this may not always be true. Over three experiments, we find that consumer reactions depend in part on the orientation of the company. Consumers have heightened expectations that values-oriented companies (i.e., those which describe themselves as being guided by core beliefs and values) will take a stand, while expectations are lower that results-oriented companies (i.e., those that describe themselves as making decisions purely on how it will affect performance) will take a stand. Our findings reveal that companies which violate these expectations run the risk of losing customers.
Methodological Elements of Quantitative Research

When you designed and conducted your research project, you took abstract concepts and put them into practice. Writing about your research project requires an even deeper level of application. Now you must explicitly communicate your project using the terminology of social and behavioral science.
By Trial and Terror

Reading Nabokov’s novels as a series of epistemological experiments, Barabtarlo shows that they reveal the world’s mysterious beauty as well as the grave consequences for his protagonists for yielding to uncontrolled passion. Nabokov’s Russian fiction exposes characters’ moral rot by means of third-person narration; his English fiction does so more intricately through the protagonists’ own evasive, undependable first-person narration. Barabtarlo also reads Nabokov’s treatment of morality against the grain of Russian tradition by comparing his novels to those of Tolstoy, whose pronouncements on ethics and religion are much more direct than Nabokov’s. “By Trial and Terror” argues that Nabokov thought beauty preordained and its goodness axiomatic; the writer’s task, therefore, is to find the right expression for its truth and impart it to the reader.
Controlled Growth of Nanostructured Biotemplates with Cobalt and Nitrogen Codoping as a Binderless Lithium-Ion Battery Anode

Biomass can serve as a sustainable template for the synthesis of carbon materials but is limited by the intrinsic properties of the precursor organism. In this study we demonstrate that the properties of a fungal biotemplate can be tuned during cultivation, establishing a new electrode manufacturing process and ultimately improving the electrochemical performance of the biomass-derived electrode. More specifically, the carbon/nitrogen ratio of Neurospora crassa mycelia mats was shifted by 5-fold while generating cobalt nanoparticles into the hyphal structure originating from macroconidia spores. This shift was achieved through nitrate limitation and equal molar concentrations of Mg2+ and Co2+ in the growth media. The resulting mycelia mat was converted via a high-temperature pyrolysis process (800 °C) to produce a freestanding cobalt and nitrogen codoped electrode material with no postmodification. Ultimately, nitrogen doping resulted in one of the highest recorded specific reversible capacity for a frees...
A Novel Temporal Similarity Measure for Patients Based on Irregularly Measured Data in Electronic Health Records

Patient similarity measurement is an important tool for cohort identification in in clinical decision support applications. A reliable similarity metric can be used for deriving diagnostic or prognostic information about a target patient using other patients with similar trajectories of health-care events. However, the measure of similar care trajectories is challenged by the irregularity of measurements, inherent in health care. To address this challenge, we propose a novel temporal similarity measure for patients based on irregularly measured laboratory test data from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care database and the pediatric Intensive Care Unit (ICU) database of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta. This similarity measure, which is modified from the Smith Waterman algorithm, identifies patients that share sequentially similar laboratory results separated by time intervals of similar length. We demonstrate the predictive power of our method; that is, patients with higher similarity in their previous histories will most likely have higher similarity in their later histories. In addition, compared with other non-temporal measures, our method is stronger at predicting mortality in ICU patients diagnosed with acute kidney injury and sepsis.
Most eGovernment-for-Development Projects Fail: How Can Risks be Reduced?

eGovernment can make a valuable contribution to development. However, at present, the majority of e-government-for-development projects fail either totally or partially. This paper explains the underlying cause of failure: the oversize gaps between project design and on-the-ground reality (known as 'design-reality gaps'). The dimensions of these gaps are identified, as are archetypal situations in which failure is likely to occur. The paper then provides a step-by-step guide to identifying and addressing failure risks for e-government projects. It concludes with a real-world case study of using the design-reality gap approach to reduce risks in an e-government project.
Preschoolers’ perceptions of gendered toy commercials in the US

While much is known about the gender stereotypic nature of child-directed ads, little work examining how preschoolers perceive these gendered messages has been done. To this end, interviews with 60...
Galactose and its Metabolites Deteriorate Metaphase II Mouse Oocyte Quality and Subsequent Embryo Development by Disrupting the Spindle Structure

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a frequent long-term complication of classic galactosemia. The majority of women with this disorder develop POI, however rare spontaneous pregnancies have been reported. Here, we evaluate the effect of D-galactose and its metabolites, galactitol and galactose 1-phosphate, on oocyte quality as well as embryo development to elucidate the mechanism through which these compounds mediate oocyte deterioration. Metaphase II mouse oocytes (n = 240), with and without cumulus cells (CCs), were exposed for 4 hours to D-galactose (2 μM), galactitol (11 μM) and galactose 1-phosphate (0.1 mM), (corresponding to plasma concentrations in patients on galactose-restricted diet) and compared to controls. The treated oocytes showed decreased quality as a function of significant enhancement in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when compared to controls. The presence of CCs offered no protection, as elevated ROS was accompanied by increased apoptosis of CCs. Our results suggested that D-galactose and its metabolites disturbed the spindle structure and chromosomal alignment, which was associated with significant decline in oocyte cleavage and blastocyst development after in-vitro fertilization. The results provide insight into prevention and treatment strategies that may be used to extend the window of fertility in these patients.
Magnetic Information Storage

The advances in magnetic recording which have enabled storage density to increase by more than 50, 000 times in 35 years are described. The fundamental principles of magnetic and magneto-optic recording are discussed. Current implementations of these technologies are presented, and future trends are projected. Storage densities of 1 Gbit/in2 are likely before the year 2000, and storage densities of 10 Gbit/in2 are expected in the first decade of the next century.
Index Numbers of the Prices of Farm Products

The purpose of this paper is to give a brief summary of index numbers of the prices of farm products constructed by the United States Department of Agriculture 2 and by the various states.3 In 1908 the Bureau of Crop Estimates began an index number of the farm prices of ten crops.4 Average December 1 farm prices for the 43-year period, 1866-1908, were used as a base for computing price relatives. In the construction of a weighted average for the ten crops, these price relatives were weighted by values obtained by multiplying base period average prices by quantities produced in 1909. The formula employed is, of course, reducible to the aggregative with base year weights. The first-of-the-month average farm prices of the ten crops were used. This index was later shifted to 1913 as a base by dividing the series through by the index number for 1913. An index number based on the fifteenth-of-the-month farm prices of these crops was later derived from the original index by averaging the index for the first of a given month and the index for the first of the succeeding month. Presumably, this shift was made to make the index of crops more nearly comparable with the index number of farm prices of livestock based on the fifteenth-of-the-month average prices. Index numbers of the farm prices of livestock included six items.5 This index was constructed by using 1913 as a base and quantities marketed in 1909 as weights. Finally, these two series for crops and livestock, based on fifteenth-of-the-month average farm prices and relating to
Interface problems in the explanation of action

When doing mental ontology, we must ask how to individuate distinct categories of mental states, and then, given that individuation, ask how states from distinct categories interact. One promising proposal for how to individuate cognitive from sensorimotor states is in terms of their representational form. On these views, cognitive representations are propositional in structure, while sensorimotor representations have an internal structure that maps to the perceptual and kinematic dimensions involved in an action context. This way of thinking has resulted in worries about the interface between cognition and sensorimotor systems – that is, about how representations of these distinct types might interact in performing actions. I claim that current solutions to the interface problem fail, because they have not sufficiently abandoned intuitions inspired by faculty psychology. In particular, current proposals seek to show how cognitive states can enforce prior decisions on sensorimotor systems. I argue that su...
Sharing the struggle: constructing transnational solidarity in global social movements

Struggles for peace, self-determination and demilitarization are common near military installations around the world. Increasingly, these struggles have become linked in globe-spanning assemblages ...
Authentic Assessment in Social Studies: Standards and Examples

Publisher Summary This chapter presents standards for authentic assessment in social studies derived from a concept of authentic human achievement. It also illustrates various examples. These examples come from teachers and students in schools across the United States who participated in our study of the effects of school restructuring on student learning. The teachers and students who shared their work with researchers were not aware of the specific standards presented here. But by using these standards to describe the intellectual quality of teachers' assessment activities and their students' performance, the chapter examines variability in authentic pedagogy and its effect on student performance in restructured schools. The standards discussed here can help teachers, students, and schools define more clearly what constitutes high-quality intellectual work. And the last section of the chapter discusses how these standards can be used by teachers, students, and schools. These standards focus on intellectual quality as largely independent of technique and support diversity in teaching style. The standards leave decisions about content to local discretion, and they also dictate no particular teaching style or technique. Finally, it concludes that educators can use standards such as these to assess progress toward intellectual quality within a variety of teaching techniques and classroom structures.
Collision Avoidance Strategies for a Three-Player Game

Collision avoidance strategies for a game with three players, two pursuers and one evader, are constructed by determining the semipermeable curves that form the barrier. The vehicles are assumed to have the same capabilities, speed, and turn-rates. The game is assumed to be played on a two-dimensional plane. We consider avoidance strategies for a particular form of the game defined in the following way: the pursuers are assumed to act noncooperatively, the evader upon realizing that one (or both) of the pursuers can cause capture, takes an evasive action. We find states from which the pursuer can cause capture following this evasive action by the evader. The envelope of states that can lead to capture is denoted by the barrier set. Capture is assumed to have occurred when one (or both) pursuers have reached within a circle of radius, l, from the evader. The usable part and its boundary are first determined along with the strategy along the boundary. Semipermeable curves are evolved from the boundary. If two curves intersect (they have a common point), the curves are not extended beyond the intersection point. As in the game of two cars, universal curves and the characteristics that terminate and emanate from the universal curve are used to fill voids on the barrier surface. For the particular game (and associated strategies) considered in this paper, numerical simulations suggest that the enlarged set of initial states that lead to capture is closed. As the game considered here is a subset of the more complete game, when two pursuers try to cause capture of a single evader, the avoidance strategies are most likely to belong to the set of strategies for the complete game.
Patient Radiation Exposure in Transradial versus Transfemoral Yttrium-90 Radioembolization: A Retrospective Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

Abstract Purpose To compare differences in patient radiation exposure (PRE) during transarterial yttrium-90 (90Y) radioembolization (TARE) between transradial access (TRA) and transfemoral access (TFA). Materials and Methods A total of 810 consecutive first-time TARE procedures in patients from 2013 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. A propensity score–matching (PSM) analysis matched TRA and TFA groups on the basis of patient age, sex, weight, height, cancer type, 90Y microsphere type, and number of previous procedures from the same and opposite approaches. Matched groups were then compared by PRE measures fluoroscopy time (FT), dose-area product (DAP), and cumulative air kerma (AK). Effect size for each PRE measure was calculated. Results Before PSM, TRA and TFA groups differed significantly in mean age, weight, and number of previous procedures from the same and opposite approach (all P Conclusions No statistical differences were found for PRE measures between the matched TRA and TFA approach groups. Furthermore, practical effect sizes were considered to be small for AK and less than small for FT and DAP, and therefore, any differences in PRE between the radial and femoral approaches for TARE are minor and unlikely to be noticeable in everyday clinical practice.
Uncharted Terrain: Preference Construction at the End of Life

Respect for patients' self-determination has long been considered central to efforts to improve end-of-life care, yet efforts to promote advance directives or engage patients in end-of-life discussions are often unsuccessful. In this article, I contend that this is because the shared decision-making approach typically used in healthcare assumes patients' capacity to make rational choices, which is not always possible in end-of-life decisions. Drawing on decision theory, behavioral psychology, and related studies of end-of-life care, I present a growing body of evidence that suggests the novelty, complexity, and uncertainty of end-of-life circumstances make rational and stable preferences difficult to establish. I argue that an effective decision-making approach for the terminally ill must recognize and respond to the unique characteristics of end-of-life choices, including their nonrational dimensions. I conclude with a description of an initiative that appears to do so, resulting in increased patients' satisfaction.
Particle Filtering and Parameter Learning

In this paper, we provide an exact particle filtering and parameter learning algorithm. Our approach exactly samples from a particle approximation to the joint posterior distribution of both parameters and latent states, thus avoiding the use of and the degeneracies inherent to sequential importance sampling. Exact particle filtering algorithms for pure state filtering are also provided. We illustrate the efficiency of our approach by sequentially learning parameters and filtering states in two models. First, we analyze a robust linear state space model with t-distributed errors in both the observation and state equation. Second, we analyze a log-stochastic volatility model. Using both simulated and actual stock index return data, we find that algorithm efficiently learns all of the parameters and states in both models.
Metamorphopsia and other visual distortions associated with the recovery from posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) (P4.342)

Objective: NA Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is both a clinical and radiologic syndrome that is characterized with an acute or subacute onset of confusion, headaches, as well as visual changes. The usual changes in vision seen in reported cases of PRES may range from blurred vision to cortical blindness, and it is known that these findings are often times reversible with the removal of an offending agent or through supportive care, notably blood pressure management. However, the changes in vision or visual distortions that a patient may experience as this syndrome is reversed may offer more insight as to what cortical pathways and the specific areas of visual processing that may be involved. These visual distortions can include metamorphopsia, macropsia, and micropsia that collectively in some patients may be referred to as Alice in Wonderland syndrome. The association of these visual distortions with the onset or recovery of PRES is not frequently reported, as these phenomena are typically associated with migraine headaches and are more commonly seen in children. Here, we present a case of a patient who had initially developed ascending weakness following a recent influenza vaccination who was subsequently treated for suspected acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP). Over the course of her hospitalization, the patient had a progressive loss of vision which led to cortical blindness. This patient had typical MRI findings suggestive of PRES, including scattered areas of cortical and subcortical T2 and T2 FLAIR hyperintensities within the occipital and parietal lobes. Her vision had improved, but during this time she noted an increase in what she described as hallucinations, including people changing appearances, as well as objects around the room changing in size. Design/Methods: NA Results: NA Conclusions: NA Disclosure: Dr. Sadry has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sheikh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rashid has nothing to disclose.
Voltage, Var and Watt Control in a Distribution System with High PV Penetration Using NSGA-III

In an earlier work, the authors showed that a centralized coordination of PV panels and reactive power support devices is an effective solution for facilitating the integration of PV resources in the distribution system. The problem was formulated in the form of a multi-objective function and was solved using evolutionary algorithm (EA). The objective functions considered were minimizing the system losses, operational variations of voltage regulators (VRs) and switching capacitors (SCs), as well as curtailment of the PV active power. In this work, instead of using the classical EA, the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III (NSGA-III) is employed in order to ensure Pareto optimality of the solution. A deterministic simulation over a one-day period is conducted using the modified version of the IEEE 123-bus test feeder to assess the effectiveness of centralized control of a distribution grid under high PV penetration of PV.
Databases, Drones, Diggers, and Diplomacy: The Jordanian Request for a US Cultural Property Bilateral Agreement

Looting of archaeological sites and thefts from cultural institutions in the Middle East is driven by an international demand for artifacts. Despite the efforts of Ministries of Culture, Department...
From STEM to STEAM: How Can Educators Meet the Challenge?

Urgent calls across industries for a workforce with creative, innovative thinking and problem-solving skills demand that educators rethink teaching and learning at every level, from early childhood to higher education. These calls are particularly critical in preparing students for the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM), in which there is a growing demand for professionals who demonstrate skills that extend far beyond content expertise. Integrating arts into STEM can, we suggest, promote these twenty-first-century skills and insights, and a Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) perspective may link students to more innovative career trajectories. In this chapter, we offer examples showing how educators that are teaching content with and through the arts are, in fact, teaching creative thinking. Our recent research suggests that using the arts as a pedagogical tool can enhance creative thinking and problem-solving skills. From randomized control trials that tested the effects of arts-integrated science units compared to conventionally taught units, we found that learning science through the arts produces better long-term memory for science than conventional teaching strategies, especially for students with lower reading skills. We consider how the arts promotes better memory for content and how this pedagogical tool fosters creative thinking, thus reducing the gap between higher- and lower-achieving students.
Revisit of Spectral Bundle Methods: Primal-dual (Sub)linear Convergence Rates

The spectral bundle method proposed by Helmberg and Rendl is well established for solving large scale semidefinite programs (SDP) thanks to its low per iteration computational complexity and strong practical performance. In this paper, we revisit this classic method showing it achieves sublinear convergence rates in terms of both primal and dual SDPs under merely strong duality. Prior to this work, only limited dual guarantees were known. Moreover, we develop a novel variant, called the block spectral bundle method (Block-Spec), which not only enjoys the same convergence rate and low per iteration complexity, but also speeds up to linear convergence when the SDP admits strict complementarity. Numerically, we demonstrate the effectiveness of both methods, confirming our theoretical findings that the block spectral bundle method can substantially speed up convergence.
Terahertz Spectral Imaging through Turbid Media: A Wavelet Approach to Scattering Mitigation

Terahertz imaging often involves seeing through inhomogeneous and highly scattering media. We propose a wavelet multiresolution analysis approach to mitigate the scattering effects and produce highly-resolved reflection spectral images for chemical mapping through turbid media.
The Lyman Break Galaxies: their Progenitors and Descendants

We study the evolution of Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) from z=5 to z=0 by tracing the merger trees of galaxies in a large-scale hydrodynamic simulation based on a Lambda cold dark matter model. In particular, we emphasize on the range of properties of the sample selected by the rest-frame V band luminosity, in accordance with recent near-IR observations. The predicted rest-frame V band luminosity function agrees well with the observed one when dust extinction is taken into account. The stellar content and the star formation histories of LBGs are also studied. We find that the LBGs intrinsically brighter than Mv=-21.0 at z=3 have stellar masses of at least 10^9\Msun, with a median of 10^{10}h^{-1}\Msun. The brightest LBGs (Mv<-23) at z=3 merge into clusters/groups of galaxies at z=0, as suggested from clustering studies of LBGs. Roughly one half of the galaxies with -23<Mv<-22 at z=3 fall into groups/clusters, and the other half become typical L* galaxies at z=0 with stellar mass of ~10^{11}\Msun. Descendants of LBGs at the present epoch have formed roughly 30% of their stellar mass by z=3, and the half of their current stellar population is 10 Gyr old, favoring the scenario that LBGs are the precursors of the present day spheroids. We find that the most luminous LBGs have experienced a starburst within 500 Myr prior to z=3, but also have formed stars continuously over a period of 1 Gyr prior to z=3 when all the star formation in progenitors is coadded. We also study the evolution of the mean stellar metallicity distribution of galaxies, and find that the entire distribution shifts to lower metallicity at higher redshift. The observed sub-solar metallicity of LBGs at z=3 is naturally predicted in our simulation.
Customer selection and incentivization for SKU rationalization in a packaged gas supply chain

Abstract This paper presents customer selection and incentivization methodologies necessary for the implementation of many SKU rationalization schemes. Our work accounts for the problem of business demand loss, which is undesirably associated with the benefits of rationalized product offerings. We apply our methodologies to a particularly complex instance of SKU rationalization established in the literature, namely a case of demand substitution within a packaged gas supply chain planning problem. This is done both to display the value of our contributions, and to provide a business setting for the workflow process we prescribe for decision makers. In our first contribution, we develop a customer selection heuristic which pre-processes targets for demand substitution, subject to demand characteristics and the supply chain features. The heuristic is shown to outperform objectives utilizing random customer selection by 10–20%, dependent on the desired amount of substitution required of the demand-base. Further, we show that the heuristic outperforms an MILP extension, which explicitly includes customer selection as a decision in the underlying supply chain problem's model, by 7% across a variety of cases. Our second contribution regards development of prescriptive incentivization methodologies for a business, in order to secure shifts in demand profiles across the selected customers. We present multiple strategies for both determining offerings and analyzing system implications, while recognizing stochastic and diverse customer behaviors. In addition to providing useful methodologies around SKU rationalization, trade-offs and business implications throughout the execution of such ideas in practice are heavily considered throughout this work.
Examining Twitter use in interventional radiology: A comparison with cardiology and orthopedic surgery

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to characterize the similarities and differences in amount and quality of user engagement on Twitter between interventional radiology (IR), cardiology, and orthopedic surgery and identify trends in Twitter use by the IR community. Material and Methods: General specialty hashtags and groups of users were identified for IR, cardiology, and orthopedic surgery and used for stratified searches of tweets using Symplur Hashtag Finder over a 5-year period. Analytics for total statistics, associated hashtags, common words, total Twitter activity, and a network analysis were obtained for predefined user groups. Results: A total of 278,866 IR, 420,021 cardiology, and 106,684 orthopedic surgery tweets were analyzed. IR had the highest percentage of retweets, media files, mentions, and replies. Between physicians, IR had fewer users than cardiology and orthopedic surgery but a greater percentage of users tweeting at higher volumes compared to cardiology and orthopedic surgery. IR had greater average interactions per user than cardiology and orthopedic surgery, but IR overall had a lower percentage of tweets by organizations. Conclusion: Social media activity in IR demonstrates substantial interaction and engagement despite having less users than cardiology and orthopedic surgery. Most of this activity was noted to be between IR physicians, while the other two specialties had more interaction with users unrelated to the medical field. These data provide insight into the nature of Twitter users within IR; being aware of these results could motivate users to increase their own interactions with patients and members of the public sphere.
Testing DNA-methylation and blood-chemistry measures of biological aging in models of Black-White disparities in healthspan characteristics

Biological aging is a proposed mechanism through which social determinants drive health disparities. We conducted proof-of-concept testing of eight DNA-methylation and blood-chemistry quantifications of biological aging as mediators of disparities in healthspan between Black and White participants in the United States Health and Retirement Study (HRS; n=9005). We quantified biological aging from four DNA-methylation "clocks" (Horvath, Hannum, PhenoAge, and GrimAge), a DNA-methylation Pace of Aging (DunedinPoAm), and three blood-chemistry measures (PhenoAge, Klemera-Doubal method Biological Age, and homeostatic dysregulation). We quantified Black-White disparities in healthspan from cross-sectional and longitudinal data on physical-performance tests, self-reported activities of daily living (ADL) limitations and physician-diagnosed chronic diseases, self-rated health, and survival. DNA-methylation and blood-chemistry quantifications of biological aging were moderately correlated (Pearson-r range 0.1-0.4). GrimAge, DunedinPoAm and all three blood-chemistry measures were associated with healthspan characteristics (e.g. mortality effect-size range 1.71-2.32) and showed evidence of more advanced/faster biological aging in Black compared with White participants (Cohen9s d=.4-.5). These measures accounted for 13-95% of Black-White differences in healthspan-related characteristics. Findings that Black Americans are biologically older and aging more rapidly than White Americans of the same chronological age suggest that eliminating disparities in the pace of aging can contribute building to aging health equity.
Fictions of Closure and Toxic Obfuscation in Great Expectations

Lawrence Buell coins the term “Toxic Discourse” for the kind of environmental protest writing that begins with Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, a genre, he argues, that draws on traditional tropes that are familiar within Dickens. This chapter argues that Great Expectations not only shares many of the features of toxic discourse, but also goes a step further to explore what I call “toxic obfuscation”—those cultural-linguistic practices that obscure human responsibility for creating toxic environments. Mr. Jaggers figures as the prototypical obfuscator and Pip’s considerable efforts to establish the Avenger suggest the difficulties of certain kinds of recycling, even the “greenwashing” that may attach to such efforts. At the same time, the novel reveals a deep ambivalence about the ecological and energetic closure it fantasizes and fears—and knows to be impossible. Great Expectations thus reveals not only the impossibility of pristine space, but also the thermodynamic impossibility of narratives of personal and national self-sufficiency.
Diffusing Capacity

The diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is a commonly performed and clinically useful pulmonary function test that provides a quantitative measure of gas transfer in the lungs. It is valuable for evaluating and managing patients with a wide variety of pulmonary disorders, especially patients with interstitial lung disease, pulmonary vascular disease, and obstructive lung disease. Important aspects of the DLCO test are discussed including the physiologic principles governing diffusion, testing technique and equipment, technical and physiologic factors influencing DLCO variability, DLCO test interpretation, and the clinical utility of DLCO measurement.
Implementation of miRNAs to Reduce In-Stent Restenosis in the Future.

Vascular responses to angioplasty include elastic recoil, dissection, and neointimal formation. Stent implantation is superior to balloon angioplasty alone, because it successfully prevents and/or treats vascular elastic recoil and dissection. However, bare-metal stents promote neointimal
Analysis of the degradation of BaTiO3 resistivity due to hydrogen ion incorporation: Impedance spectroscopy and diffusion analysis

Abstract The resistivity of insulator oxide materials can be compromised when they are exposed to hydrogen gas at high temperatures, as insulation resistance can significantly decrease. In this study, we differentiate between electrode, grain boundary, and grain contributions to total resistivity by impedance spectroscopy (IS) tests and a 3RC model. It turns out that the largest contribution to total resistivity comes from electrode Schottky barriers, which control the major part of the degradation. Based on the IS analysis, the hydrogen diffusion coefficients of those three components were successfully calculated and compared with the diffusion coefficient in other systems. Determination of the hydrogen diffusion in grains and grain boundaries is important in understanding how hydrogen penetrates to capacitors and can also be useful for applications that involve extreme environments. In this study, we also considered the kinetics and role of the metal electrode chemistry (Ag, Au, and Pt) and the thickness of active layers on the hydrogen degradation.
The Genetic Structure of Races and Species in Gilia

Publisher Summary This chapter attempts to equate the species with the modifier complex (Harland), the interspecific genes (Lamprecht), the sterility barrier in general (numerous authors), the plasmon (Loeb), or other special aspects. Such oversimplified approaches to a complex phenomenon were bound to fail. All of the types of genetic systems that have so far discussed—the simple Mendelian factors, the polygenic systems, the specific plasmons, the sterility factors, and the karyotypes—plus the external isolating mechanisms enter into the genetical structure of species. It may not be adequate even to equate the species with the sum total of these elements, because this entity behaves as a level of integration in its own right. Yet the species does not appear to be qualitatively different in any fundamental way from the race. The same types of genetic systems and isolating mechanisms that differentiate species are also found, if not in full-fledged development, at least in rudimentary form, among races. If the species represents a higher level of organization, it is the one that can be attained by gradual processes of evolution from the level of the race.
Perspectives on Systems Change Among Local Change Agents: A Comparative Study

Community organizers and activists draw on multiple traditions of community building and collective action in attempts to galvanize change. The diversity of perspectives on social change processes indicates corresponding differences in perspectives on systems and what is required to change them. Twenty-two in-depth interviews with community organizers and activists in the Midwestern USA were conducted to identify differences in perspectives on systems change efforts. Four models used by organizers were identified: action/issue-centric, identity-centric, relationship-centric, and organizing-development. Strategies for recruitment, issue selection, leadership determination, and action were compared across models. Analyses revealed that some models might be better suited to action on certain issues (e.g. identity-centric models when organizing around homelessness), whereas others may have advantages for use in certain settings (e.g. relationship-centric models in congregations). These findings suggest that practitioners and scholars should pay close attention to contextual factors and focal issues when determining strategies for creating systems change. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
VCSEL Based Smart Pixel Array Technology Enables Chip-to-Chip Optical Interconnect

This paper describes most recent development and demonstration of a VCSEL-based smart pixel array (SPA) technology for chip-to-chip interconnect. This technology is based on Honeywell's commercial successful 850nm VCSEL components, incorporates both monolithic and hybrid integration techniques, and aims to address anticipated interconnect bottleneck in networking interconnect fabric and between processors and memories. Following features of this technology makes it not only technically feasible but also practically viable for system insertion in very near future. First, new generating of oxide VCSEL technology provides key characters that high density 2D optical interconnect systems desire, such as high speed, high efficiency, low power dissipation and good array uniformity. Secondly, monolithically integration VCSEL and photodetector provides system with flexible bi-directional optical I/O solutions, and advantages in adopting new system architectures. Third, the 2D-optoelectronic array can be seamlessly merged with state-of-the-art Si-based VLSI electronics, and micro-optics using hybrid integration techniques such as solder bump bonding and wafer scale integration. Last, and perhaps most importantly, all of our technology implementations follow the guideline of being compatible with mainstream and low cost manufacturing practices. Device performance characteristics, integration approach, and results of up to 34×34 SPA prototype demonstration will be presented.
Monoclonal Antibodies against Rabies Virus

The study of rabies virus and its components with hybridoma antibodies is of particular importance for several reasons. First, rabies, a rhabdovirus, is unique in its ability to infect all warm-blooded animals, including man. It is a strictly neurotropic virus, replicating in neurons and spreading through axons and nerve cells from the site of infection to the central nervous system; the virus is never detected in the blood of infected animals. Transmission occurs in most cases by bites or scratches and only on very rare occasions by inhalation.
TPTP, TSTP, CASC, etc.

This paper gives an overview of activities and products that stem from the Thousands of Problems for Theorem Provers (TPTP) problem library for Automated Theorem Proving (ATP) systems. These include the TPTP itself, the Thousands of Solutions from Theorem Provers (TSTP) solution library, the CADE ATP System Competition (CASC), tools such as my semantic Derivation Verifier (GDV) and the Interactive Derivation Viewer (IDV), meta-ATP systems such as the Smart Selective Competition Parallelism (SSCPA) system and the Semantic Relevance Axiom Selection System (SRASS), and applications in various domains.
COMPARISON OF INNOCENT CARDIAC MURMURS OF CHILDHOOD WITH CARDIAC MURMURS IN HIGH OUTPUT STATES.

Cardiac murmurs have been recorded in patients in a number of clinical states which give rise to systolic cardiac murmurs, in which no abnormalities of the intracardiac pathway or direction of blood flow are known to exist: uncomplicated congenital heart block, chronic anemia, pregnancy, arteriovenous fistula, and hyperthyroidism. These recordings have been examined in the cathode-ray oscillograph and sound spectrograph. The oscillograms of murmurs of each of these groups have been found to be of the same general category, a basic wave of relatively low frequency (90-130 c.p.s.) with a variable amount of distortion by higher-frequency transient vibrations. The spectrograms of the murmurs of each of these groups have again been found to have the same general pattern: a relatively dense spectrogram limited to a fairly well-defined area, largely below the 250-c.p.s. level. Thus both the oscillograms and spectrograms of these murmurs showed the characteristics found in earlier studies of the innocent cardiac murmurs of childhood in contrast to the characteristics which have been found in murmurs of a number of lesions of rheumatic and congenital heart disease. Since the clinical states included in the present study have in common an increased stroke volume, this has been taken as supporting evidence of the thesis that the common innocent murmurs of childhood are caused by the vibration, at its natural period, of some structure in the cardiac wall or great vessels, arising from the ejection of an unusual volume of blood from the heart in systole or the greater velocity of ejected blood under these circumstances.
Combinatorial Problems Arising in Massive Data Sets

We will discuss several combinatorial problems which are motivated by computational issues arising from the study of large graphs (having sizes far exceeding the size of the main memory). A variety of areas in graph theory are involved, including graph labeling, graph embedding, graph decomposition, and spectral graph theory as well as concepts from probabilistic methods and dynamic location/scheduling.
Correction to “Interactions between sorption and biodegradation: Exploring bioavailability and pulsed nutrient injection efficiency”

[1] In the paper ‘‘Interactions between sorption and biodegradation: Exploring bioavailability and pulsed nutrient injection efficiency’’ by M. S. Phanikumar and David W. Hyndman (Water Resources Research, 39(5), 1122, doi:10.1029/2002WR001761, 2003), several corrections were not made to the final version of the paper. [2] In the fourth sentence of paragraph 9, the variable l should have been italic: ‘‘We assume that contaminant degradation is first-order and that the reactions are limited to an active treatment zone of length l.’’ [3] An error occurred in equation (3) and the following text. The correct equation and text are as follows.
Optimized supernova constraints on dark energy evolution

A model-independent method to study the possible evolution of dark energy is presented. Optimal estimates of the dark energy equation of state $w$ are obtained from current supernovae data from [A. G. Riess et al. (Supernova Search Team Collaboration), Astrophys. J. 607, 665 (2004).] following a principal components approach. We assess the impact of varying the number of piecewise constant $w$ estimates ${N}_{\mathrm{p}}$ using a model selection method, the Bayesian information criterion, and compare the most favored models with some parametrizations commonly used in the literature. Although data seem to prefer a cosmological constant, some models are only moderately disfavored by our selection criterion: a constant $w$, $w\ensuremath{\propto}a$, $w\ensuremath{\propto}z$, and the two-parameter models introduced here. Among these, the models we find by optimization are slightly preferred. However, current data do not allow us to draw a conclusion on the possible evolution of dark energy. Interestingly, the best fits for all varying-$w$ models exhibit a $wl\ensuremath{-}1$ at low redshifts.