cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization and chromosomal localization of PTPRO, a novel receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase, expressed in hematopoietic stem cells.

Abstract Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) support blood cells throughout life by utilizing their self-renewing and multilineage differentiating capabilities. Hematopoietic growth factors mediate their effects on stem cells by the tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins. Regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation is partially mediated by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases). A possible mechanism by which hematopoietic stem cells maintain their self-renewing capacity and undifferentiated state is by controlling the balanced and opposing actions of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), receptors for growth factors, and PTPases. We have characterized the expression of PTPases in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated murine bone marrow cells, which represent a very primitive population of progenitors enriched for reconstituting stem cells, by using a consensus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Several PTPases were expressed abundantly in the 5-FU-treated bone marrow stem cells. A novel PTP, termed protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor omicron (PTPRO), which is related to the homotypically adhering κ , μ and PCP-2 receptor-type tyrosine phosphatases, was identified and characterized. We have cloned the murine and full-length human PTPRO cDNAs which share 89% homology, indicating that PTPRO is highly conserved between these species. The human PTPRO cDNA clone encodes a polypeptide of 1439 amino acids (aa) and has a calculated molecular mass of ∼162 kDa. PTPRO consists of an extracellular segment containing a MAM domain, an immunoglobulin (Ig) domain, four fibronectin-type III (FN-III) repeats, a transmembrane segment, and two tandem intracellular PTP domains. The human PTPRO gene was assigned to human chromosome 1p35-pter using Southern blot analyses of genomic DNAs from rodent/human somatic hybrid cell lines containing human chromosome 1 or the p35-pter region of the chromosome. The mouse Ptpro gene was mapped to chromosome 4, closely linked to D4Mit16 and Elp1 (elliptocytosis-1), by using genomic DNAs from a (C57BL/6J × Mus spretus) F 1 × Mus spretus backcross. In fetal tissues, PTPRO expression was observed in the brain and lung, whereas lower levels were observed in the kidney. In adult tissues, PTPRO was less restricted and was observed in the lung, heart, skeletal muscle, prostate, testis, and in various areas of the brain, indicating that PTPRO expression is developmentally regulated. Expression of PTPRO was also observed in human CD34 + bone marrow cells and 5-FU-treated murine primitive stem cells. These results suggest a potential role for PTPRO in stem cell adhesion and in mediating homophilic cell–cell interactions in other cell types.
The role of faith in intuition, need for cognition and method of attitude formation in implicit–explicit brand attitude relationship strength

Abstract We tested the hypothesis that Faith in Intuition (FI) would moderate implicit–explicit attitude relationship strength for attitudes formed via associative processes, but not propositional processes. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that FI moderated I–E relationship strength for attitudes formed via evaluative conditioning. High FI people had stronger I–E correlations. Experiment 2 showed that FI did not moderate I–E relationship strength for attitudes formed via propositional reasoning. Those low in Need for Cognition (NC), however, showed stronger I–E correlations than those high in NC. The importance of considering trait variables in combination with the method of attitude formation is discussed.
Do Tissues From THA Revision of Highly Crosslinked UHMWPE Liners Contain Wear Debris and Associated Inflammation

Background Polyethylene wear debris is a major contributor to inflammation and the development of implant loosening, a leading cause of THA revisions. To reduce wear debris, highly crosslinked ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was introduced to improve wear properties of bearing surfaces. As highly crosslinked UHMWPE revision tissues are only now becoming available, it is possible to examine the presence and association of wear debris with inflammation in early implant loosening.
Bayesian Analysis Suggests that Most Amino Acid Replacements in Drosophila Are Driven by Positive Selection

One of the principal goals of population genetics is to understand the processes by which genetic variation within species (polymorphism) becomes converted into genetic differences between species (divergence). In this transformation, selective neutrality, near neutrality, and positive selection may each play a role, differing from one gene to the next. Synonymous nucleotide sites are often used as a uniform standard of comparison across genes on the grounds that synonymous sites are subject to relatively weak selective constraints and so may, to a first approximation, be regarded as neutral. Synonymous sites are also interdigitated with nonsynonymous sites and so are affected equally by genomic context and demographic factors. Hence a comparison of levels of polymorphism and divergence between synonymous sites and amino acid replacement sites in a gene is potentially informative about the magnitude of selective forces associated with amino acid replacements. We have analyzed 56 genes in which polymorphism data from D. simulans are compared with divergence from a reference strain of D. melanogaster. The framework of the analysis is Bayesian and assumes that the distribution of selective effects (Malthusian fitnesses) is Gaussian with a mean that differs for each gene. In such a model, the average scaled selection intensity (γ =N e s) of amino acid replacements eligible to become polymorphic or fixed is −7.31, and the standard deviation of selective effects within each locus is 6.79 (assuming homoscedasticity across loci). For newly arising mutations of this type that occur in autosomal or X-linked genes, the average proportion of beneficial mutations is 19.7%. Among the amino acid polymorphisms in the sample, the expected average proportion of beneficial mutations is 47.7%, and among amino acid replacements that become fixed the average proportion of beneficial mutations is 94.3%. The average scaled selection intensity of fixed mutations is +5.1. The presence of positive selection is pervasive with the single exception of kl-5, a Y-linked fertility gene. We find no evidence that a significant fraction of fixed amino acid replacements is neutral or nearly neutral or that positive selection drives amino acid replacements at only a subset of the loci. These results are model dependent and we discuss possible modifications of the model that might allow more neutral and nearly neutral amino acid replacements to be fixed.
Storm-driven transport of foraminifers from the shelf to the upper slope, southern Middle Atlantic Bight

Storms play an important role in the delivery of benthonic foraminifers to the continental slope, as observed in a study of foraminifer fluxes through the upper slope water column. The authors studied 30 sediment-trap samples with a 13-day average period from the 1988–1989 SEEP II experiment offshore from the Delmarva Peninsula. The traps were suspended at about 125 m water depth on a mooring in 400 m of water. Benthonic and planktonic foraminifers from 10-ml subsamples were measured, identified by taxa and growth stage, and counted. Number fluxes of benthonic foraminifers averaged 155 test/m2/d during periods of relative calm during the spring and summer, when mass fluxes of aluminosilicates were also minimal. In contrast, number fluxes of benthonic foraminifers peaked during a mid-April 1988 storm and ranged from about 300 to 50,000 tests/m2/d from mid-December 1988 to the end of April 1989, when mass fluxes of aluminosilicates also were highly elevated. Highest foraminifer fluxes (29,000 and 50,000 tests/m2/d) coincided with a late February storm. Taxa observed included Bolivina, Nonionella, Trochammina, Rosalina, and other taxa typical of the continental shelf of this region. Number fluxes of planktonic foraminifers peaked during the spring and summer due to production. The peaks from 6000 to 11,000 tests/m2/d were due to peaks in productivity of Globigerinita glutinata in early March and late April, Turborotalita quinqueloba in mid-July, and Globigerinita uvula and Globigerinoides ruber in latest September. Planktonic foraminifer fluxes did not crest during the mid-April or mid-December 1988 storms, but fluxes reached peaks of 38,000 and 41,000 tests/m2/d in late February and early March 1989 when fluxes of benthonic foraminifers and aluminosilicate material also were highest. Storms dominated the delivery of both benthonic and planktonic foraminifers to the slope. The single storm in late February 1989 delivered more foraminifers through the water column to the slope (120 × 104 benthonic and 130 × 104 planktonic tests/m2 in 32 days) than during all the preceding calm days in 1988 (1.9 × 104 benthonic and 72 × 104 planktonic tests/m2 in 217 days). Mid-water advection of benthonic foraminifers from the continental shelf to the slope is an important mechanism of delivery that exceeds by an order of magnitude the numbers of planktonic foraminifers produced in slope waters during periods of relative calm weather.
Implications of Lyman-alpha equivalent widths in active galactic nuclei

Results of photoionization calculations that examine the sensitivity of Ly-alpha emission to parameters describing the broadline clouds and incident radiation field are reported. The case of the Seyfert I galaxy NGC 5548 is considered, and good consistency is found with observed properties of the Ly-alpha zone for a cloud density of about 10 exp 11/cu cm and ratio of ionizing photon to hydrogen density near 0.2. Estimation of the cloud covering factor depends on the extrapolation of the EUV continuum. EUV cutoffs at 20 and 60 eV correspond to a range of covering factors between 0.8 and 0.5, which is larger than typically assumed in the past for luminous Seyferts. Equivalent width observations of Fairall 9 show that its continuum cannot be as soft as suggested by previous line ratio analyses and imply that its EUV continuum persists to 20 eV or more before cutting off. A method by which variability measurements can be combined with the present calculations to measure the distances to AGN, and hence the Hubble constant, is outlined.
Parasite Distribution, Prevalence, and Assemblages of the Grass Shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, in Southwestern Alabama, U.S.A.

Abstract The grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, harbors a number of symbionts within its North American range. Here, we document the distribution and seasonality of 4 taxonomic groups that use P. pugio as a host in coastal Alabama. We conducted a regional survey of 4 symbionts of P. pugio over 3 seasons and compared assemblages across space and time. The most common parasite was the metacercarial stage of the microphallid trematode Microphallus turgidus, which remained consistently prevalent over the 3 seasons surveyed. We also monitored the prevalence of M. turgidus at 2 sites monthly. Prevalence fluctuated significantly among seasons at these sites, but spatial heterogeneity appears to have a stronger influence on regional parasite prevalence. Distributions of 3 of 4 symbionts overlapped in a single geographic area (Mon Louis Island, Alabama, U.S.A.); however, multispecies infections of individual hosts were normally distributed within host populations. Sites surrounding Mon Louis Island had substantiall...
Payer status, but not race, affects the cost of liver transplantation

Prior studies evaluating the impact of race and payer on cost of liver transplantation did not adjust for clinical factors known to increase cost. We analyzed the impact of race and payer on the cost of liver transplantation after controlling for clinical factors. We analyzed data obtained on patient and graft survival, cost, race, age, sex, payer, and United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) status from 153 consecutive liver transplants in 130 patients performed at University of North Carolina Hospitals from September 1991 through December 1996. Race was classified as white or nonwhite, and payer status was classified as commercial or Medicare/Medicaid. Multivariate linear regression was used to compare costs, adjusting for age, sex, race, payer, and UNOS status. For the 130 patients, 1-year patient and graft survival rates were 88% and 82%, respectively. There were no significant differences in patient and graft survival or in the unadjusted average cost of liver transplantation by race or payer. After adjusting for demographic and clinical factors, the cost of transplantation was $28,494 more for Medicare/Medicaid recipients compared with the commercial insurance recipients (P = .02). The Medicare/Medicaid group had higher intensive care unit costs compared with the commercial insurance group ($17,807 and $9,359, respectively; P = .03), and a longer length of stay (41 and 31 days, respectively; P = .04). There was no significant difference in cost between whites and nonwhites adjusting for these factors. Medicare or Medicaid patients had a higher cost of transplantation compared with those with commercial insurance. The cost of liver transplantation was similar for whites and nonwhites.
Design research as explanation: perceptions in the field

We report results from interviews with HCI design researchers on their perceptions of how their research relates to the more traditional scientific goal of providing explanations. Theories of explanation are prominent in the physical and natural sciences, psychology, the social sciences, and engineering. Little work though has so-far addressed the special case of how results from reflective design of interactive systems can help provide explanations. We found conceptions of explanation in design research to be broader and more inclusive than those commonly found in the philosophy of science. We synthesized concepts from the interviews into a framework which may help researchers understand how their contributions relate to both classical and emergent conceptions of explanation.
Neural Stem Cells in the Subventricular Zone are Resilient to Hypoxia/Ischemia whereas Progenitors are Vulnerable

Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (H/I) brain injury remains a major cause of neurologic disability. Because we have previously demonstrated that this insult depletes cells from the subventricular zone (S...
Quotients with respect to similarity relations

Abstract The problem of the quotient w.r.t. a similarity relation is closely related to Poincare's paradox and central problems in cluster analysis. Amazingly this problem remains open for more than 30 years. As a generalization of strong M -categories we introduce the concept of M -valued sets, which leads to the definition of the category M-SET. In M-SET we give a complete solution of the quotient problem.
Modeling the outcome of drop–drop collisions in Diesel sprays

The sub-models for collisions and coalescence are important components of the spray model in multidimensional computations of Diesel sprays. These models influence the computed drop sizes, which affect the overall characteristics of the spray. Typically, the droplet interaction model is separated into two parts: first, calculating the collision rate between particles, and second, calculating the probability of coalescence once a collision has occurred. While the collision frequency may be estimated from kinetic theory considerations, a criterion has to be specified to determine the outcome of the collisions. The outcome may be bouncing, coalescence, stretching separation, or reflexive separation. The coalescence efficiency is defined as the probability that two drops will permanently merge into one drop, given that a collision between the two drops has occurred. Current approaches to modeling the coalescence efficiency are based on experimental observations of binary water drop collisions under atmospheric conditions. However, in the last decade experimental evidence has become available that suggests that the collision behavior of hydrocarbon drops may differ significantly from that of water drops. More recent experiments suggest that the effects of ambient pressure may also be significant. This paper presents a comparison of the computed outcome of drop collisions in a Diesel spray to that of recently published experimental observations. Possible ways to employ the recent findings in multidimensional spray models are discussed. Results of a model modified to reflect this new information is presented and compared with the original model. Limitations of the new model are discussed.
Glutamate Receptors Are Selectively Targeted to Postsynaptic Sites in Neurons

The objective of the present study was to determine if a neuron that expresses multiple glutamate receptors targets the same receptors to all glutamatergic postsynaptic populations, or if the receptors are differentially targeted to specific postsynaptic populations. As a model for this study, we chose the fusiform cell of the dorsal cochlear nucleus. This neuron expresses multiple glutamate receptors and receives two distinct glutamatergic inputs: parallel fibers synapse on apical dendrites, and auditory nerve fibers synapse on basal dendrites. Pre- and postembedding immunocytochemistry were combined with retrograde tracing to identify the receptors expressed on postsynaptic membranes of parallel fiber and auditory nerve synapses. Most receptors were found at both populations of synapses, but the AMPA receptor subunit, GluR4, and the metabotropic receptor, mGluR1 alpha, were found only at the auditory nerve synapse. These results demonstrate that glutamate receptors are targeted to specific postsynaptic populations of glutamatergic synapses.
Measuring Sea Surface Temperature from Satellites: A Ground Truth Approach

Abstract Determining the correction for atmospheric attenuation is a major problem in processing thermal infrared digital data from very high resolution radiometers aboard NOAA Polar Orbiting Satellites. An empirical equation for estimating this correction is developed. The coefficients of the equation are determined by using regression techniques and comparing satellite observations to sea surface temperature measurements. Although there is not sufficient data to fully evaluate this procedure, initial satellite measurements are within 0.5°C of independent sea surface temperature measurements.
The Evolving Firm: Strategy and Structure in Industrial Organization

The article presents a review of the book “The Evolving Firm: Strategy and Structure in Industrial Organization,” by Neil M. Kay.
Blowup for the heat equation with a noise term

In this paper we study blow up of the equation\(u_t = u_{xx} + u^\gamma \dot W_{tx}\), where\(\dot W_{tx}\) is a two-dimensional white noise field and where Dirichlet boundary conditions are enforced. It is known that if γ<3/2, then the solution exists for all time; in this paper we show that if γ is much larger than 3/2, then the solution blows up in finite time with positive probability. We prove this by considering how peaks in the solution propagate. If a peak of high mass forms, we rescale the equation and divide the mass of the peak into a collection of peaks of smaller mass, and these peaks evolve almost independently. In this way we compare the evolution ofu to a branching process. Large peaks are regarded as particles in this branching process. Offspring are peaks which are higher by some factor. We show that the expected number of offspring is greater than one when γ is much larger than 3/2, and thus the branching process survives with positive probability, corresponding to blowup in finite time.
A mobile future for academic libraries

Purpose – Society may be on the verge of a revolutionary phase of mobile device use in higher education generally and in libraries in particular. This paper seeks to address this issue.Design/methodology/approach – Through an examination of trends and technological developments in the area of mobile devices and a review of the potential of mobile devices, the paper analyzes the potential of mobile devices in academic libraries.Findings – Most college students own cell phones and laptops and the capabilities of these and other devices are expanding.Research limitations/implications – Libraries have the opportunity to extend new types of services to users of mobile devices and to develop, license, or otherwise make available scholarly content that is configured for mobile devices. Ideally, libraries will become part of an institutional planning process for the development of services for mobile devices.Practical implications – The more pervasive use by students of smartphones, the uptake of e‐book readers, ...
Bond-centered hydrogen or muonium in diamond: The explanation for anomalous muonium and an example of metastability

We present qualitative theoretical evidence that interstitial bond-centered hydrogen or muonium in diamond is stable as a result of unusually large lattice relaxation. The two geometrical configurations of neutral interstitial muonium explain the structures and properties of anomalous muonium (bond centered) and normal muonium (tetrahedral interstitial site), including the thermal conversion of normal to anomalous muonium and represent a well-defined example of interstitial metastability.
Geochemistry and metals concentrations in marine sediments exposed to solidified/stabilized municipal solid waste incinerator ash

Abstract Solidified and stabilized (S/S) municipal solid waste incinerator ash specimens were placed in tubes filled with organic-rich marine sediments and incubated in seawater for 48 months. Initially, the S/S ash and concrete control (CC) specimens increased the pH of the sediment/porewater system due to the leaching of hydroxide. After 10 months, their porewater pH values approached those in the sediment controls as magnesium and calcium precipitates accumulated on the surface of the specimens and limited diffusion of hydroxide. Sulfate was initially abiotically removed from the porewater of the concrete controls, most probably due to precipitation as CaSO4 at high pH. Depletion of sulfate in the S/S ash sediments was due at least in part to microbial activity based on measured sulfate reduction rates. Cadmium, copper and lead, metals enriched in the ash relative to the sediments, were not found in higher concentrations in the test sediments relative to the controls (confidence level = 90%), suggesting that metals dissolution from the S/S ash was minimal.
Extraction and analysis of superoxide free radicals (·O−2) from whole mammalian liver

Extraction of whole lobes of normal rat liver with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) under N2 gives extracts which contain 5-10 mumol/l.O2- (50-100 nmol.O2- per 10 ml extract per 4 g liver; 1.25-2.50 nmol.O2- per millilitre per gram liver). Evidence for .O2- in the extracts is given by: (1) electron spin resonance signals (ESR), (2) differential pulse polarography (DPP), (3) chemiluminescence (CL), and (4) nitroblue tetrazolium reduction (NBT). All tests yield results identical with those obtained with authentic .O2-. Extraction of .O2- is enhanced by tetrabutyl ammonium ion, and is maximal at 1-3 min. These results raise the possibility that substantial amounts of .O2- are normally sequestered in protective membranous sites in vivo.
Sorption of Chlorobiphenyls in Sediment—Water Systems Containing Nonionic Surfactants

Nonionic surfactants may aid remediation of contaminated soils and sediments by increasing aqueous concentrations of poorly watersoluble organic contaminants. In order to explore the effects of nonionic surfactants on the sediment-water distribution of PCBs, a series of batch experiments was performed using four commercial nonionic surfactants (Triton X-100, Triton X-405, Triton X-705, and Tween 80) and Red Cedar River sediment. Sediment-water distributions of 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl (Di-CB), 2,2',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TetraCB), and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (Hexa-CB) were studied at aqueous surfactant concentrations ranging from zero to >1.5 times the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of each surfactant. The results show decreases in apparent soil-water distribution coefficients (K * ) of PCB congeners at all surfactant concentrations as compared to the intrinsic sorption coefficient (K) in the absence of surfactant, unlike that previously reported. A new model incorporating a surface micellization concept for the sorbed surfactant phase was successfully applied to experimental data presented here and in a previous study.
Radial artery harvesting for coronary artery bypass grafting: a stepwise-made decision.

Background The purpose of this study was to propose a safe, stepwise, testing system to select radial arteries that are suitable for conduits on the basis of their morphologies and characteristics of the collateral circulation. Methods Before operation, 113 patients underwent the modified Allen test, Doppler ultrasonography, and pulse oximetry testing. Morphologic criteria used for radial artery exclusion were small size of radial or ulnar artery ( Results A positive modified Allen test was found in 10.6% of patients. As assessed by Doppler ultrasonography, 27 patients (23.9%) were not candidates for radial artery harvesting according to morphologic and functional abnormalities of forearm and hand circulation. Pulse oximetry test results were abnormal in 6.2%. After a follow-up period of 8.9 ± 1.8 months, 23 patients (29.1% of operated patients) were controlled for Doppler ultrasonographic changes in the ulnar artery. The mean peak systolic flow velocity was significantly higher than the preoperative value measured at rest ( p Conclusions After preoperative tests, including the modified Allen test, Doppler ultrasonography, and pulse oximetry, 30.1% of patients were not considered candidates for radial artery harvesting. This method provides preoperative radial artery selection according to its morphologies, compensatory capacity of collateral circulation, and anatomic properties of ulnar artery.
Massive Point Defect Redistribution Near Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces and its Impact on Schottky Barrier Formation

Abstract Nanoscale depth-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy calibrated with deep level transient spectroscopy of native point defects and capacitance–voltage measurements of free carrier densities, all at the same metal–semiconductor interface, demonstrate that native point defects can (i) increase by order-of-magnitude in densities with tens of nanometers of the semiconductor surface, (ii) alter free carrier concentrations and band profiles with the surface space charge regions, and (iii) dominate the Schottky barrier formation for metal contacts to ZnO and many other single crystal compound semiconductors. The spatial redistribution of electrically active defects within the surface space charge can be understood in terms of temperature-dependent atomic diffusion enabled by low formation energies and driven by strain and electric fields as well as metal-specific chemical reactions near room temperature, consistent with first-principles calculations of interfacial segregation and migration barriers. These results underscore the importance of native point defects in charge transport and barrier formation at semiconductor interfaces.
Human rights in policing: a global assessment

The paper examines the success that the international community has had in creating human rights observing police in the two decades since the end of the Cold War. It argues that at the international level awareness of human rights as a desirable goal has expanded enormously. Furthermore, the beginnings of international institutions of policing and justice have been created, constituting, arguably, the beginnings of world government. Progress at the country level is more problematic. Despite some promising beginnings, examples of sustained, meaningful, normative reform of policing are few. Most of the world's people are still wretchedly policed. The reasons for this, which challenge future prospects, are explored. Finally, drawing on the extensive multilateral and bilateral experience of the last two decades, the paper discusses nine lessons for achieving greater success at broadening adherence to human rights in policing
EFFECT OF VENTRICULOTOMY ON RIGHT VENTRICULAR REMODELING IN HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME (HLHS): A HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY CORRELATION STUDY

The objective of this study was to compare histopathological changes in hypoplastic left heart syndrome right ventricles (RV) of patients undergoing Sano and modified Blalock–Taussig (MBT) shunt and correlate them with echocardiographic findings. Myocardial tissue samples were obtained from hearts with Sano or MBT shunts after transplantation or at autopsy. Histologic sections were reviewed manually and by automated digital image analysis. Velocity vector imaging was performed on echocardiogram images obtained before transplant or death. All of these parameters were compared between the Sano and MBT shunt cohorts. A total of 14 specimens (7 Sano and 7 MBT shunt) were studied. Median age at transplant/death of Sano and MBT shunt cohorts was 11 (range 2–41) and 8 months (range 2–200), respectively. All Sano specimens had a scar at ventriculotomy site, and the mean scar area was 6.2 ± 3.3 cm2. Compared with remote RV free wall, myocardium bordering the scar showed increased fibrosis (34 ± 16 % vs. 28 ± 14 %, p = 0.04) and thinning (0.8 ± 0.9 vs. 5.3 ± 0.8 mm; p < 0.001), which did not regress with time. The Sano ventriculotomy site showed significantly decreased velocity, strain, and strain rate compared with the corresponding contralateral segment. No focal scarring or regional hypokinesia was seen in the MBT shunt cohort. This is the first study to demonstrate histopathological features of ventriculotomy-associated RV myocardial scarring and myocardial thinning. The scarred ventriculotomy site showed decreased segmental myocardial deformation after Norwood with Sano shunt.
The effect of periodic shock-fronted pressure waves on instantaneous heat flux rates

Periodic shock fronted longitudinal pressure wave effect on instantaneous heat flux rates at tube end wall
Hydrogen Chemisorption on Silica-Supported Pt Clusters: In Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Hydrogen chemisorption on small silica-supported Pt clusters was investigated using in situ extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The clusters were found to exhibit a bulklike Pt first nearest neighbor (NN) distance (2.76 A) and low disorder while covered by chemisorbed hydrogen. In contrast, bare Pt clusters produced by heating in vacuo at 300 °C are characterized by a contracted Pt NN distance (2.66 A) and greater disorder. These effects are reversed by re-exposure of the bare Pt clusters to H2 at 25 °C. The metal−support interface is characterized by a short Pt−O distance, irrespective of the presence of chemisorbed hydrogen. An apparent L3 edge shift of 0.8 eV relative to bulk Pt is observed for the hydrogen-covered clusters. This shift is attributed to a decrease in the Pt L3 edge resonance (white line) intensity, as no corresponding shift is observed at the L2 edge. A hydrogen-related L2,3 XANES feature at 9 eV ap...
Reines-Cowan team discovery of the electron neutrino

Personal perspective and recollections by the author discuss the Reines-Cowan team discovery of the electron neutrino at a Savannah River reactor in 1956. First presented at the Neutrino Santa Fe 2006 Conference.
Alternative Methods for Reliability-Based Robust Design Optimization Including Dimension Reduction Method

The objective of reliability-based robust design optimization (RBRDO) is to minimize the product quality loss function subject to probabilistic constraints. Since the quality loss function is usually expressed in terms of the first two statistical moments, mean and variance, many methods have been proposed to accurately and efficiently estimate the moments. Among the methods, the univariate dimension reduction method (DRM), performance moment integration (PMI), and percentile difference method (PDM) are recently proposed methods. In this paper, estimation of statistical moments and their sensitivities are carried out using DRM and compared with results obtained using PMI and PDM. In addition, PMI and DRM are also compared in terms of how accurately and efficiently they estimate the statistical moments and their sensitivities of a performance function. In this comparison, PDM is excluded since PDM could not even accurately estimate the statistical moments of the performance function. Also, robust design optimization using DRM is developed and then compared with the results of RBRDO using PMI and PDM. Several numerical examples are used for the two comparisons. The comparisons show that DRM is efficient when the number of design variables is small and PMI is efficient when the number of design variables is relatively large. For the inverse reliability analysis of reliability-based design, the enriched performance measure approach (PMA+) is used.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Commentary---Assumptions, Explanation, and Prediction in Marketing Science: “It's the Findings, Stupid, Not the Assumptions”

In his July--August 2007 editorial of Marketing Science, Steven Shugan argues that the realism of assumptions does not matter as long as a theory or model produces satisfactory predictions and claims further that unrealistic assumptions breed good theories. This commentary discusses the problems of his argument and presents a very different view about the realism of assumptions. Assumptions need not be realistic if the only goal of science is prediction. However, a major function of theory is also to explain and not just to predict. The role of explanation is more important in the social sciences because it is far more difficult to produce accurate predictions in the social than the natural sciences. Assumptions, especially core assumptions, often constitute the foundation of the mechanismic explanations provided by a theory. Unrealistic assumptions may lead to faulty explanations and false predictions. Contrary to Shugan's view, the realism of an assumption cannot be assessed just based on the output of a theory. It has to be tested independently of or in conjunction with the hypotheses of the theory. Also, contrary to Shugan's claim, more realistic assumptions result in better theories. As theory development advances, efforts should be directed toward making assumptions more realistic.
A multi-Regge model applied to high-energy quasi-inclusive photoproduction

Abstract We compare inclusive photoproduction data in the energy range E γ = 9.0−18.0 GeV to the multi-Regge model. The model incorporates vector-dominance coupling of the photon, the Chew-Pignotti algorithm for charge assignment, and correct treatment of n -body phase space. A technique of ordering the particles according to longitudinal momentum is used to enhance features of the data and provide a more sensitive test of the model. We compare the model to mass distributions, separation of particles in rapidity, longitudinal momentum distributions, topological cross-sections and charge orderings of secondaries. A reasonable description of the data is achieved, using parameters derived from pp and K + p experiments. Within this framework, it is found that the class of diagrams involving γ coupling to the ϱ are not adequate to describe all aspects of the data, and that other couplings are present to a significant degree.
Three-body recombination of spin-polarized atomic hydrogen in very strong magnetic fields

The study of spin-polarized atomic hydrogen in the three-dimensional gas phase has been extended into a new regime of magnetic field strength. Analysis of decay data for B=10--20 T reveal for the first time the characteristic peak in the three-body dipolar-decay rate constant as predicted by Kagan, Vartanyants, and Shlyapnikov (Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 81, 1113 (1981) [Sov. Phys.---JETP 54, 590 (1981)]). Beyond 17 T we observe a rapid falloff of the three-body-decay rate constant. We also determine a value for the three-body-exchange rate constant which is in accord with the calculation of Kagan et al. In contrast to the picture which was emerging from previous studies at more moderate fields, the data presented here suggest that existing theories are capable of describing the decay of the system in the very-high-field limit. The new picture which is emerging suggests that Bose-Einstein condensation may be achievable at somewhat higher fields which are currently available at high-magnetic-field facilities.
Variable responses of mitral valve motion and flow in systemic hypertension and in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.

Abstract The relation between transmitral flow and diastolic mitral valve motion were examined in 17 normal persons, 14 patients with hypertension and 12 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. M-mode echograms were analyzed for early and late diastolic mitral leaflet separations, their ratio and E-F slope. Pulsed Doppler transmitral flow was analyzed for early and late velocities, their ratio and early flow deceleration. Early diastolic mitral valve leaflet separation was reduced in patients with hypertension (at 28 ± 5 mm [p
The nature of cis amine Pd(II) and antitumor cis amine Pt(II) complexes in aqueous solutions

Abstract Upon addition of base the complex enPd(OH2)22+ rapidly dimerizes to form a binuclear dihydroxo bridged dimer with no significant mononuclear hydroxo complexes at 10 mM concentration. The corresponding Pt(II) complex titrates two equivs base with pKa 5.8 and 7.6 to give a dihydroxo complex which is stable indefinitely. Addition of only one equiv of base to yield near neutral solutions slowly produces the Pt(II) dihydroxo bridged dimer. The hydroxo groups of dienPtOH+, dienPdOH+ and enPt(OH−)2 are effective nucleophiles for ester hydrolysis and their reactivities are in accord with a suggested dependence on basicity. The antitumor complexes of cis dichloro Pt(II) amines are converted to aquo and hydroxo complexes of Pt(II) amines. Due to the low ambient chloride ion concentration within a cell, aquo complexes are present in significant amounts and are most likely to be the reactive species. The reactivity of cis Pt(II) amine antitumor complexes is reduced by Cl−, OH− and dihydroxy bridged dimer substituents, the formation of which is time dependent.
Effects of rapidly pulsed ion bombardment on microstructure and phase stability in a Ti-modified stainless steel☆

Abstract A low-swelling Ti-modified austenitic stainless steel has been bombarded with pulsed 4 MeV Ni 2+ and in some cases simultaneously with 0.2–0.4 MeV He + ion beams at 948 K over a dose range from 1 to 70 dpa. The interruption periods studied were 60, 1, 10 −3 ,or 10 −5 s on time with equal off time. Continuous irradiation was also employed as a comparison. At 1 dpa, pulsed irradiation caused interstitial dislocation loops (and subsequent MC precipitates) to be more refined with decreasing pulse periods down to the realm of the vacancy lifetime (10 −1 to 10 −3 s); still faster pulsing at 10 −5 s yielded little difference from steady irradiation. At higher doses, 40–70 dpa, pulsing reduced the amount of radiation-induced G phase. Long pulse periods promoted the thermally-stable MC phase, while shorter periods like 10 −3 s aided M 6 C and M 23 C 6 development. In helium-implanted material bubbles were present for all pulsing conditions but bias-driven voids only developed in continuously-irradiated specimens. The results are interpreted with regard to the inherent fluctuations in point defect concentrations that result from cascade formation. The sensitivity of damage microstructure to pulsed bombardment is seen as a possible new tool for the control of microstructure in ion implantation experiments.
Physicians' views and practices concerning menopausal hormone therapy

Abstract Objective To examine physicians’ views and practices concerning estrogen + progestogen therapy (EPT). Design Questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of physicians in the United States (US) in 2003. A total of 1614 (53.8%) surveys were returned (633 obstetricians and gynecologists (Ob/Gyns), 571 family practitioners, and 410 internists). Results Only a minority of the physicians (16%) would offer EPT to menopausal women in the absence of menopausal symptoms (26% Ob/Gyn, 11% family practitioners, 6% internists, p p Conclusions Internists and family practitioners address more contraindications to EPT use than Ob–Gyns. Although many physicians appear to be accepting of short-term use of EPT for menopausal indications in the absence of contraindications, the majority would not prescribe it for prophylactic purposes.
Modeling of the metallo-beta-lactamase from B. fragilis: structural and dynamic effects of inhibitor binding.

The structure and dynamics of an inhibitor-bound complex of the metallo-β-lactamase from Bacteroides fragilis are studied by using molecular dynamics. A search of the conformational space was performed to obtain three distinct models of the complex, which were then subjected to solvated molecular dynamics. A solvated molecular dynamics study of the apo protein was performed to serve as a baseline for comparison with the bound simulations. We find loop conformation changes due to binding as well as a decrease in flexibility of the protein as a whole and especially in the major loop of the β-lactamase. We report the structural and dynamical features of the inhibitor-bound and apo models, as well as experimentally measurable quantities, which should be capable of distinguishing the two binding modes we have determined. Proteins 2001;44:448–459. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Modeling the formation of photonic crystals by holographic lithography

An approach is introduced to accurately explore methods of fabricating photonic crystals formed by holographic lithography. Analytical background is given for synthesizing the exposure beam configuration to form the desired lattice. This is combined with a comprehensive model that can predict lattice distortions due to physics of the photolithography process. Simulations are compared to experimental results and to results obtained by conventional intensity threshold methods.
Molecular Environment Effects on Two-Photon-Absorbing Heterocyclic Chromophores

Over the past several years, organic molecules exhibiting significant two-photon absorbance and subsequent up-converted fluorescence have been of intense interest for a wide variety of applications including data storage, imaging, and optical limiting. However, the establishment of structure−property relationships for some asymmetric molecules has been hindered by the sensitivity of these nonlinear optical properties to the local molecular environment and to the pulse width of the incident radiation. To understand the influence of the local molecular environment on the excited states of these two-photon-absorbing molecules, the linear absorbance, the single-photon-excited photoluminescence, and the two-photon-excited photoluminescence of a series of heterocyclic dyes are examined. The stabilization of the longest-lived one-photon-excited state by the local molecular environment can be described by mean field interactions with solvent molecules as given by the Lippert equation. Because the same stabilizati...
Affective Alternates: Comment on Aylett and Paiva

A bewildering array of sciences, theories, and methodologies offer researchers many difficult choices when studying emotion or designing affective technologies. Thus, clarity of focus is a prime virtue of good work, as illustrated in the Aylett and Paiva (2012) article. The social sciences remain fundamentally undecided about how to conceptualize human variations, including how to measure culture and personality, and even about whether these two commonly used words have real meaning. This disagreement is pronounced in human-centered computing, because cognitive and rational-choice perspectives are technically easiest to apply, and these make little room for culture and personality. The article employs a modular approach, which can inspire researchers following alternative conceptualizations to substitute their own preferred choices.
Custom impression trays: Part I-Mechanical properties

Dimensional stability of custom impression trays is an important factor in determining the degree of accuracy achieved in forming a master cast. Such trays must remain stable over time and must not exhibit permanent deformation when a completed impression is removed from the oral cavity. Measurement of the mechanical properties allows comparison between various tray materials and is useful in interpreting data on stresses incurred during removal of the completed impression. In Part I of this three-part series, the various mechanical properties of five tray resins: one autopolymerizing polymethyl methacrylate, one light-polymerizing, and three brands of thermoplastic resins were recorded and compared. The thermoplastic resins studied in this investigation exhibited lower measured values for the strength and elastic modulus properties than the light-polymerizing resin and the autopolymerizing polymethyl methacrylate resin studied.
Accuracy-aware optimization of approximate programs

Many modern applications (such as multimedia processing, machine learning, and big-data analytics) exhibit an inherent tradeoff between performance and the accuracy of the produced results. These applications allow us to investigate new, more aggressive program optimizations. We present a novel approximate optimization framework based on accuracy-aware program transformations. These transformations reduce accuracy of computation in return for improved performance, energy efficiency, and/or resilience. The optimization framework includes program analyses that characterize the accuracy of transformed programs, and search techniques that navigate the tradeoff space induced by transformations to find approximate programs with profitable tradeoffs. Our research shows that this approach can significantly improve program performance while providing acceptably accurate results.
Cytokeratins 20 and 7 in the differential diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma in cytologic specimens

A series of 33 tumor cases (13 fine-needle aspirates and 20 effusion specimens) were evaluated for the expression of two cytokeratin (CK) subtypes; CK 20, expressed primarily in tumors of the GI tract, mucinous ovarian tumors and transitional cell carcinomas, and CK 7, found chiefly in non-GI tract adenocarcinomas, including breast and lung. CK 20 expression was demonstrated immunocytochemically in seven of seven metastatic colon and two of three metastatic transitional cell carcinomas tested. CK 20 was absent in all metastatic carcinomas of breast, ovary, lung, and uterus examined (23 cases). Anti-CK 7 stains were negative in four of six metastatic colonic carcinomas, with equivocal results in the remaining two cases. Metastatic lung, breast, and ovarian carcinomas were strongly positive for CK 7. This study demonstrates that the combined use of anti-CK 20 and anti-CK 7 antibodies is highly sensitive and specific for metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma in cytologic material and thus could play an important role in distinguishing this entity from other common primary carcinomas.
New directions for women. Moving beyond the 1980s.

The decade of the 1980s marks the establishment of a “Second Current” of feminism in this country, which began in the 1970s. From this historical vantage point, the relationship of women to society can be reassessed by viewing past progress and future new directions.