cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reply to Anatol Lieven

I thank Anatol Lieven for the kind words expressed at the beginning of his critique and for his conclusion that I am a brilliant political economist. He reasonably enough notes some of the things I neglect, like India and Africa, and the politics of personal identity, to which I can only reply in pragmatic terms—is not the book long enough without them? He says very little about either economic or military power, which is at least half the book. He focuses overwhelmingly on the intersection of ideological and political power, especially on nationalism and what he calls “political culture.” So I too will focus on this terrain. We obviously disagree on some issues. However, some of his substantive criticisms are mixed in with misunderstandings of my arguments, often due to the fact that he has not apparently read—or not read carefully enough—the second and third volumes of my Sources of Social Power. This is especially true of nationalism, which he accuses me of neglecting in my previous volumes as well as this one. This is untrue. My second volume, on the long nineteenth century, has the subtitle “The Rise of Classes and Nation-States” and its central argument is that the two emerged entwined, mutually influencing one another. For example, I argue that the resolution or repression of class conflict went beyond the local or sector level and served to increase the salience of the nation-state in peoples’ everyday lives. Despite what he says, I also discuss the rise of mass national education and mass national armies. I stress that the origins of modern welfare states lay in veterans’ benefits, specifically discussing the Bismarckian programs in Germany, although in the case of France and the USA, I trace this practice further back, well before Bismarck. Clearly, national identities intensified in the nineteenth century, although I stand by my argument that “a sense of nationhood did diffuse but rarely dominated people’s consciousness.” Here, we clearly disagree. I would also stick by my statement that nineteenth century states did a lot less than twentieth century states, or that aggressive nationalism grew much more in the twentieth century. But my discussion of nationalism and national self-identification is more nuanced than a simple “rise and rise” story. I try to identify the precise social location of emergent nationalism, seeing its nineteenth century heartland as the middle class who worked in the state sector. Outside this sector, I do not find much support for aggressive nationalism. For example I say, Int J Polit Cult Soc (2016) 29:217–220 DOI 10.1007/s10767-015-9213-3
The Value of Preparing PhD Students as Research Mentors: Application of Kram's Temporal Mentoring Model

The ability to successfully mentor others is an essential skill necessary for building and strengthening an infrastructure of well-prepared nurse faculty to accelerate advancements in nursing science. Mentoring is a fundamental part of the nurse faculty role, but new faculty are often unprepared to take on mentoring roles early in their academic career. Applied training in research mentoring initiated during doctor of philosophy (PhD) programs may better prepare future faculty to manage teaching and mentoring responsibilities earlier and with greater confidence. The unique opportunity exists for PhD students to engage in research mentoring with undergraduate nursing students, with probable benefits for both the mentor and the mentee. This manuscript uses Kram's temporal mentoring model as a guide to examine the training experiences of 3 PhD students mentoring undergraduate nursing students and discusses the benefits and challenges associated with these mentoring relationships. Collectively, these experiences provide preliminary support and guidance for the development and adoption of formal PhD mentor training programs to better prepare future PhD nursing faculty for their mentoring responsibilities.
Reproduction, Growth, and Development in High-Latitude and Low-Latitude Populations of Peromyscus leucopus (Rodentia)

Reproduction, growth, and development of the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus , were investigated in laboratory and field populations from southeastern Michigan and from the state of Campeche, Mexico. Laboratory studies revealed that mice from the Campeche population were more precocious in ontogenetic, including sexual, development. In contrast to mice from Michigan, those in Campeche populations had more young per litter, the average interval between litters was shorter, the extent of delayed implantation was not correlated with the number of young being nursed, total weight of the litter in relation to the female's weight was higher, offspring from large litters developed as rapidly as those from small litters, fecundity continued to increase beyond the fourth litter, and neonate weight did not vary with litter size.
Variation within the "New Latino Diaspora": A Decade of Changes across the United States in the Equitable Participation of Latina/os in Higher Education.

This study problematizes the common discourse that rapid and widespread Latina/o demographic growth in the United States is a driving force in realizing higher education equity gains. Using equity ...
Test Results of Serological Indicators among Patients with Tuberculosis in Chongzuo City during 2005—2007

[Objective] To understand the health status of patients with tuberculosis,and provide scientific evidence for tuberculosis control.[Methods] Serological tests results in lab of 1620 cases of tuberculosis were analyzed during 2005—2007.[Results] The hepatic dysfunction accounted for 5.74 %;the decrease in serum total protein accounts for 10.00 %;the decrease of albumin occupies 11.60 %;the increase of globulin occupies 34.20 %;the inversion of A-G ratio occupies 39.94%;the positive rate of HbsAg,HbsAb,HBcAb and HIV antibody was 16.60%,14.75%,23.09% and 0.49% respectively.[Conclusion]The serological tests indicated tha tuberculosis patients should be concerned about the health status,combined prevention and treatment of of tuberculosis,hepatitis B and AIDS should be strengthened.
Laparoscopy in the Management of the Nonpalpable Testis

Laparoscopy was performed at operation in 32 patients between 7 and 63 months old (average age 31 months), who had 33 nonpalpable testes. Of the testes 7 (21.2 per cent) were in the inguinal region or just proximal to the internal ring, 5 (15.2 per cent) were in a high intra-abdominal position and 21 (63.6 per cent) were absent. In every instance of a nonpalpable gonad in which a testis was found to be absent at operation the vas and gonadal vessels were observed laparoscopically to exit the inguinal ring or to end blindly just proximal to the internal inguinal ring. A hernia or patent processus vaginalis was not observed in these 21 cases. In every case of an absent testis the contralateral testis was located normally in the scrotum. Furthermore, when a hernia was observed laparoscopically a testis was found on the ipsilateral side at the level of the internal ring or more distally.
Numerical Simulations of the Chemically Reacting Single-Mode Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability

We present results from numerical simulations of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI) subject to combustion at the fluid interface. The classical RM instability occurs when a perturbed material interface between fluids of different densities is impulsively accelerated, where the acceleration may be provided by a passage of shock wave.
Light Forces and Atom Diffraction — An Illustrated Summary

Study of the transfer of momentum to atoms by radiation offers a new research approach to one of the oldest and most fundamental problems in physics — the interaction of radiation and matter. In the last decade, a number of theorists have been attracted to this research area because of its intrinsic importance and conceptual simplicity, and because of its relevance to a number of other areas of current theoretical concern including: atoms in intense radiation fields, dressed atoms, multi-photon processes, temporal correlations in spontaneous decay (eg. photon bunching), the incorporation of randomness into quantum mechanical formalisms, cooling and heating by radiation, and the slowing, manipulation, and confinement of atoms using radiative forces.
Overlapping life-history stages in migrating songbirds: variation in circulating testosterone and testosterone production capacity

Understanding the extent of overlap between life-history stages is fundamental to understanding full-life cycle biology, especially for migratory species. Testosterone levels vary throughout the annual cycle in seasonally reproducing vertebrates. In migratory songbirds, testosterone increases associated with breeding preparation may overlap with the vernal migratory period; however, this overlap remains largely unexplored. We test the hypothesis that both circulating testosterone and the capacity to elevate testosterone increases throughout vernal migration in long-distance songbird migrants. Here we relate testosterone in songbirds sampled en route with the stable hydrogen isotope ratios in their feathers as a metric of breeding ground proximity. We determined the capacity to elevate testosterone using field gonadotropin-releasing hormone bioassays and related this to feather hydrogen ratios as well. Males that were closer to their breeding grounds had higher circulating testosterone, whereas there was no relationship between testosterone and breeding ground proximity in females. Similarly, while capacity to elevate testosterone was not related to breeding ground proximity in female migrants, this capacity was greater in males closer to their breeding grounds than those further away. These results reveal that male migrants prepare for breeding during their vernal migration, whereas the schedule for breeding preparation among females is less clear and may be more complex.
1 st LEED certified green building for existing building operation and maintenance for semiconductor industry

Intel Corporate has a long standing reputation in environmental responsibility and this project shares a breakthrough in extending this image. KM1 LEED team had demonstrated the leadership in enabling the KM1 AT Factory and Office Building to be awarded the Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED) Certification by the US Green Building Council under the Existing Building Operations & Maintenance (EBOM) category. This is a breakthrough achievement for the following reasons: • This is the 1st existing Intel factory that certified LEED under the EBOM category.
Decision-Making and Guardianship

As the adolescent patient approaches adulthood, there should be a discussion between the healthcare team, the patient, and parent or legal guardian regarding the patient’s decision-making capability. In most cases, at the age of 18 the patient is legally able to make decisions regarding their health care, property, and finances. For some patients with disability or psychiatric illness, there may be concern about the individual’s ability to make these decisions, and the parent or previous legal guardian may consider guardianship for the adult-aged patient.
Ammoniated Complexes of Uracil and Transition Metal Ions: Structures of [M(Ura-H)(Ura)(NH3)]+ by IRMPD Spectroscopy and Computational Methods (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd)

The structures of deprotonated d-block metal dication bound uracil dimers, solvated by a single ammonia molecule, were explored in the gas phase using infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance–mass spectrometer. The IRMPD spectra were then compared with computed IR spectra for various isomers. Calculations were performed using B3LYP with the 6-31+G(d,p) basis set for all atoms, with the exception of Cd, for which the LANL2DZ basis set with relativistic core potentials was used. The calculations were then repeated using the def2-TZVPP basis set on all atoms and were compared to the first set of calculations. The lowest-energy structures are those in which one uracil is deprotonated at the N3 position and, aside from the Cu complex, the intact uracil is a tautomer in which the N3 hydrogen is at the O4 carbonyl oxygen. The metal displays a tetradentate interaction to the uracil moieties, with the exception of Cu, which is tridentate, and the amm...
Replacing bold individuals has a smaller impact on group performance than replacing shy individuals

Lay Summary Despite the high impact of keystone individuals, such as leaders, on group behavior, their identity appears to be immaterial. By repeatedly replacing the keystone individual in groups of social spiders, we show that it is sufficient to have a keystone individual to improve group performance when attacking prey but the keystone individual does not necessarily have to be a specific or familiar individual to serve its role.
Resolving Ambiguity in Sentiment Classification: The Role of Dependency Features

Sentiment analysis has become popular in business intelligence and analytics applications due to the great need for learning insights from the vast amounts of user generated content on the Internet. One major challenge of sentiment analysis, like most text classification tasks, is finding structures from unstructured texts. Existing sentiment analysis techniques employ the supervised learning approach and the lexicon scoring approach, both of which largely rely on the representation of a document as a collection of words and phrases. The semantic ambiguity (i.e., polysemy) of single words and the sparsity of phrases negatively affect the robustness of sentiment analysis, especially in the context of short social media texts. In this study, we propose to represent texts using dependency features. We test the effectiveness of dependency features in supervised sentiment classification. We compare our method with the current standard practice using a labeled data set containing 170,874 microblogging messages. The combination of unigram features and dependency features significantly outperformed other popular types of features.
Chemoprevention of Head and Neck Cancers

The term “chemoprevention” in reference to cancer was introduced by Sporn in 1976 and was defined as the use of natural, synthetic, or biologic compounds to halt, reverse, or prevent the initial phase of carcinogenesis or the progression of neoplastic cells to cancer [1] . The following three key biologic features of malignant transformation support the development of chemopreventive strategies: it involves the multipath, multistep, and multifocal disruption of normal cellular function.
Impact of Software Selection and ImageJ Tutorial Corrigendum on Skeletal Muscle Measures at the Third Lumbar Vertebra on Computed Tomography Scans in Clinical Populations

Background There is growing interest in computed tomography (CT) measures of skeletal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) for nutrition assessment. Multiple software programs are available, but little work has been done comparing programs. We aimed to determine if CT-derived measures of skeletal muscle CSA at the level of the L3 are influenced by the software program used. We also demonstrate the importance of the ImageJ corrigendum published in this journal. Methods Two software programs, National Institutes of Health ImageJ and Tomovision sliceOmatic, were compared. ImageJ measures were obtained using both the original tutorial and corrigendum instructions. Skeletal muscle CSA at the level of the L3 was measured in advanced heart failure and head and neck cancer populations by 3 different investigators. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to calculate intrarater and interrater reliability. Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess agreement. Results Both software programs yielded excellent intrarater and interrater reliability scores (intraclass correlation coefficients, 0.985-1.000). The overall mean difference (ImageJ tutorial with corrigendum - sliceOmatic) for the entire sample (N = 51) was found to be 1.53 cm2 (95% CI, 0.59-2.47 cm2 ). The overall mean difference (ImageJ corrected - original) for the entire sample (N = 51) was found to be -11.35 cm2 (95% CI, -12.75 to -9.95 cm2 ). Conclusion Measures of skeletal muscle CSA at the L3 were found to be ∼1.53 cm2 higher with ImageJ than sliceOmatic. This difference was not found to affect interpretation against a published cut point. The importance of accounting for the ImageJ tutorial corrigendum was shown to be clinically significant when applied to published cut points.
Energy Substrates and Metabolic Acclimatization in small Birds

Many small birds wintering at middle or high latitudes encounter temperatures that require elevated thermogenic rates for months at a time. Although selection of favorable microclimates (Marsh and Dawson, 1988) and shallow nocturnal hypothermia (Reinertsen, 1983) may reduce metabolic demand, these energy saving mechanisms only partially offset the need for regulatory thermogenesis. In this context, survival depends critically on the ability to sustain high rates of thermogenesis, i. e., thermogenic endurance. Thermogenic endurance of small birds varies seasonally (Dawson and Marsh, 1988), and we regard this variation as one of the definitive characteristics of metabolic acclimatization to cold. Improved cold tolerance by winter birds is demonstrable both in acute studies (e. g., Dawson and Carey, 1976) and in longer-term exposures (e. g., Blem, 1973). This short review examines a series of studies that attempt to elucidate the role of metabolism of energy substrates in the process of metabolic acclimatization.
An empirical bioeconomic investigation of efficiency in the insecticide regulatory process

This paper presents an interdisciplinary approach to estimating the relative efficiency of static, myopic, and dynamic insecticide regulatory decision making when there are potential impacts associated with pest resistance. A theoretical control model was developed using expected total economic surplus as the objective function, with an empirical solution to the maximization problem attained by imposing a heuristic search procedure on a bioeconomic simulation model. Although the impact of non‐dynamic decision making was the most severe, in percentage terms, for short‐run planning horizons, the magnitude of the long‐run losses associated with non‐dynamic decision making could serve as a rationale for modifying the regulatory process to include dynamic considerations. The static analyses usually used in the benefits assessment procedure may severely underestimate the actual benefits of continued chemical registration, and the efficiency gains to society have the potential to offset the increased costs of regulation that would occur under a revised process.
Kinetics of Formation of Biological Oxygen Carriers

At this point in time, there are only three known types of resyijratory proteins involving only two transition elements (Chart I).1–4 These function to transport and store oxygen and therefore play a key role in biochemical processes. They can increase by up to one hundred fold the amount of oxygen delivered to tissues. The types include, reference to recentg reviews (a) the hemoglobins and myoglobins 5–7 the hemocyanins 8,9 and (c) the hemerythrins and myohemerythrins.10,11 In spite of their name, (b) and (c) do not contain the heme center.
Apnea in Elderly

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in older adults. However, there is controversy regarding the diagnosis, consequences, and treatment of OSA in this patient population. This review presents the current evidence pertaining to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, complications, and management of OSA in older adults. OSA is prevalent and underdiagnosed in the elderly. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that moderate to severe OSA in older adults is linked to neurocognitive decline and chronic vascular disease, including increased risk of incident heart failure and ischemic stroke. Positive airway pressure therapy remains the mainstay of treatment. Systematic investigations are needed to validate screening tools and diagnostic methods for OSA in elderly and to delineate the subpopulation of elderly in whom therapy is warranted. Targeted approach to diagnosis and treatment needs to be undertaken to avoid the deleterious consequences of sleep apnea in this vulnerable population.
Hip-Hop and Spoken Word Therapy in Urban School Counseling:

This study involved a secondary analysis of data collected across the 2016–2017 academic year to determine the impact on students’ social and emotional well-being of a new hip-hop lyricism course i...
Nomenclatural Changes in the Lachnophorini (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of the Western Hemisphere

Type status (holotype or lectotype), current scientific name, author, and a label “designated by Zamorano/Erwin 2017” are given for species in the following Lachnophorini genera: Amphithasus Bates, 1871; Anchonoderus Reiche, 1843; Aporesthus Bates, 1871; Calybe Laporte de Castelnau, 1834; Eucaerus LeConte, 1853; Euphorticus G. Horn, 1881; Lachnophorus Dejean, 1831; Peruphorticus Erwin and Zamorano, 2014; and Pseudophorticus Erwin, 2004. Fourteen new combinations and one new status are presented across these genera.
TAMIS: Current Controversies and Challenges

Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) is becoming an increasingly utilized option, providing an alternative to transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) for transanal excision of both rectal adenomas and early rectal cancer. However, there are multiple controversies about the benefits and limitations of TAMIS, particularly with regard to tumor location, peritoneal entry, fecal incontinence, rectal stenosis, and sleeve resection of large lesions. Given the relatively recent and limited experience with TAMIS as compared to TEM, published data on this platform and technique is more limited, with no prospective series that compare the two approaches directly. What is known about the current controversies regarding TAMIS will be summarized in this chapter.
To Disquiet a Giant: Cuba, the United States, and the World

This essay reviews the following works: From Lenin to Castro, 1917–1959: Early Encounters between Moscow and Havana. By Mervyn J. Bain. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2013. Pp. vii + 159. $55.99 hardcover. ISBN: 9780739181102. Cuba’s Revolutionary World. By Jonathan C. Brown. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2017. Pp. vi + 586. $35.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780674971981. Cubans in Angola: South-South Cooperation and Transfer of Knowledge, 1976–1991. By Christine Hatzky. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2015. Pp. v + 386. $39.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780299301040. Exporting Revolution: Cuba’s Global Solidarity. By Margaret Randall. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2017. Pp. x + 272. $25.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822369042. U.S.-Cuba Relations: Charting a New Path. By Jonathan D. Rosen and Hanna S. Kassab. Baltimore, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2016. Pp. vii + 164. $36.99 paperback. ISBN: 9781498537759.
Mobile Proof-of-Sharing Architectures for Inter-Operator Spectrum Sharing Markets

An incentive-based spectrum sharing (IBSS) market requires truthfulness on sharing. In such a market where the government incentivizes cellular operators, a “Proof-of-Sharing (PoS)” module can be a new addition to maintain trust between cellular operators and the government. However, inter-operator spectrum sharing needs to resolve the complexity of a user’s movement and its effect on PoS reports within different cells (e.g., macro or small cells). A PoS module, that performs these resolutions, can be done at a central node receiving information from the participating operators or a cloud-based node where each user sends obtained service information. In this work, we argue that the placement of a shared mobility management entity (MME) along with the non-shared MME can minimize a user’s mobility issue and generates fewer PoS report messages. We focus on PoS reporting mode and propose three architectures for the PoS module: a) An MME sends information to PoS node, b) An evolved node base (eNodeB) uploads PoS reports, and c) User equipment generates PoS reports. We also make observations on pros and cons of these architectures by making a qualitative comparison.
A fatal case of Immune thrombocytopenia secondary to the immune checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab in a patient with BRAF wild type metastatic melanoma

IntroductionImmune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the field of oncology in recent years. Ipilimumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the protein cytotoxic T-lymphocyte 4, which is i...
Naturalistic Spirituality, Religious Naturalism, and Community Spirituality: A Broader Pragmatic View

This essay explores the rich insights of the American pragmatist, Josiah Royce, on spirituality, and religion, I argue that Royce expounded a naturalistic spirituality and a religious naturalism but in doing so, he expands our view of spirituality and religion, giving it a rich community flavor. Spirituality, for Royce, is about deep connection, meaning, and joy. It is about individual meaning and unification accomplished through loyalty to an ideal and connection with others in a community of loyalty. For him, religious spirituality is not about certainty but attitude toward the universe. A most profound contribution of Royce to the discussion of religion and spirituality is his recommendation that the most fundamental choice of every person is his or her loyal love for the whole universe which leads in turn to reverence for the relations of life.
Are We Alone? Searching for ET with FPGAs

What is the possibility of other intelligent life in the universe? Can we detect radio, infrared, or visible light signals from alien civilizations? Current and future projects searching for such signals may provide an answer. Dan will describe SETI@home, the new PANOSETI observatory, future searches, and show how FPGAs and new technologies are revolutionizing the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence (SETI). Dan will also describe the Collaboration for Astronomy Signal Processing and Electronics Research (CASPER) open source hardware, tools and libraries for FPGA based radio astronomy instrumentation that produced the first images of the black hole and discovered many fast radio bursts, pulsars, and a planet made from solid diamond. Next generation radio telescopes will be composed of hundreds to thousands of smaller telescopes; these large arrays require peta-ops per second of real time processing to combine telescope signals and generate spectral-images. Dan will describe these telescopes and their real time signal processing systems. Open source hardware, software, libraries, tools, reference designs and video training are available at http://casper.berkeley.edu
Murine Leukemia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Elicit Antitumor Immune Response.

Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous lipid bilayer particles secreted by cells. EVs contain proteins, RNA, DNA and other cargo that can have immunomodulatory effects. Cancer-derived EVs have been described as having immunomodulating effects in vivo with immunosuppressive and pro-tumor growth capabilities. However, cancer-derived EVs have also been harnessed and utilized for anti-cancer potential. Methods To assess the immunomodulatory effect of EVs produced by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, we isolated vesicles secreted by the murine AML cell line, C1498, and investigated their effect on in vitro and in vivo immune responses. Results These leukemia-derived EVs were found to induce increased proliferation of CD3+ cells and enhanced cytolytic activity of CD3+ cells directed toward leukemic cells in vitro. Injection of leukemia-derived EVs into syngeneic naive mice induced T cell responses in vivo and resulted in enhanced immune responses upon T cell re-stimulation in vitro. Conclusion These findings indicate that C1498-derived EVs have immunomodulatory effects on cell-mediated immune responses that could potentially be utilized to facilitate anti-leukemia immune responses.
Searches, Discovery Windows, and Expected Signatures of New Phenomena at ATLAS and CMS

At the large proton-proton center of mass energy \( (\sqrt {s} = \sqrt {{14}} {\text{ TeV}}) \) of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the experiments CMS [1] and ATLAS [2] will probe further into the realm of exotic physics beyond the standard model. New physics existing at TeV scales should be discovered. Many models predict TeV scale physics, including and not limited to phenomena such as compositeness, excited quarks, leptoquarks, extra dimensions, and lepton flavor violation.
The Responsibilities of Accounting Teachers

This address to the Southeast Asian Association of Accounting Teachers is a plea of accounting teachers to take responsibility for helping students see the vital role that information plays in a decentralized society and the economic consequences of accounting reports. Emphasis on serving society in the face of conflicting interests leads accountants to the decision-usefulness theory of accounting which gives priority to the information needs of investors.
Conformational studies of cyclic tetrapeptides

The conformations of chlamydocin and cyclo (Ala-Aib-Phe-D-Pro) (Ala4-chlamydocin) in chloroform have been investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The data obtained from these experiments establish an all transoid, bis gamma-turn conformation for both compounds in chloroform with the following torsional angles (+/- 20 degrees): Ala4-chlamydocin: Aib, phi + 60 degrees, psi - 50 degrees; omega + 160 degrees; Phe phi - 120 degrees, psi + 120 degrees, omega - 160 degrees; D-Pro phi + 60 degrees, psi - 55 degrees, omega + 160 degrees; Ala phi - 110 degrees, psi + 110 degrees, omega - 160 degrees. Chlamydocin adopts a closely related conformation in neat chloroform. Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE) data are utilized to assign amide bond geometries in the cyclic tetrapeptide ring system.
The Proto-oncogene Product c-Crk Associates with Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 and 4PS: MODULATION BY INSULIN GROWTH FACTOR-I (IGF) AND ENHANCED IGF-I SIGNALING (∗)

The Crk proto-oncogene product is an SH2 and SH3 domain-containing adaptor protein which we have previously shown to become rapidly tyrosine phosphorylated in response to stimulation with insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in NIH-3T3 cells. In order to further characterize the role of Crk in the IGF-I signaling pathway, NIH-3T3 and 293 cells were stably transfected with an expression vector containing the Crk cDNA. The various resultant 3T3-Crk clones expressed Crk at approximately 2-15-fold higher levels than parental 3T3 cells. In 3T3-Crk cells, Crk immunoreactivity was detected in insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) immunoprecipitates. Stimulation with IGF-I resulted in a dissociation of Crk protein from IRS-1. In contrast, the association of the related adaptor protein Grb2 with IRS-1 was enhanced by IGF-I stimulation. Similar results were obtained in stably transfected 293-Crk cells, which express both IRS-1 and the IRS-1-related signaling protein 4PS. In these cells, IRS-1 and 4PS both associated with Crk, and this association was also decreased by IGF-I treatment, whereas the association of Grb2 with IRS-1 and 4PS was enhanced by IGF-I. Overexpression of Crk also enhanced IGF-I-induced mitogenesis of NIH-3T3 cells, as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation. The levels of IGF-I-induced mitogenesis were proportional to the level of Crk expression. These results suggest that Crk is a positive effector of IGF-I signaling, and may mediate its effects via interaction with IRS-1 and/or 4PS.
Extrapontine Myelinolysis Presenting as L-DOPA-Unresponsive Parkinsonism (P5.269)

OBJECTIVE: A unique case report on extrapontine myelinolysis (EPM) presenting as parkinsonism. BACKGROUND: EPM is a rare complication (10% of osmotic demyelination cases) of rapid correction of hyponatremia associated with diverse presentations and outcomes. This is a unique case of EPM due to severe parkinsonism, unresponsive to dopaminergic therapy, with spontaneous near-complete resolution of symptoms. DESIGN/METHODS: A 36-year-old man with history of polysubstance abuse, including alcoholism, presented with slurred speech and trouble with ambulation that developed over one week. RESULTS: Initial physical examination revealed limited facial and tongue movement, mask-like facies, hypersalivation, hypokinetic shuffling gait, bradykinesia, resting tremor and severe cogwheel rigidity in both upper extremities. The patient had no detectable weakness in any extremity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed T2 hyperintensities in the pons, midbrain and bilateral putamen. Review of his admission, two weeks prior, revealed that hyponatremia was corrected rapidly, from 107 to 123 mEq/L in 24 hours. The speech and gait abnormalities were not present on discharge, but developed gradually thereafter. The patient was subsequently admitted to an inpatient psychiatric facility and treated with antipsychotics. This confused the picture on presentation due to the association of extrapyramidal symptoms with the recent use of antipsychotics. The patient was initially treated with carbidopa/levodopa with no benefit. Symptoms gradually and spontaneously resolved over several months with no lingering sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: EPM is a rare consequence from rapid correction of hyponatremia. The damage is attributed to rapid osmotic changes causing neuronal cell death and demyelination. EPM has been associated with DOPA-responsive extrapyramidal symptoms in prior reports. Unfortunately, these patients were ultimately left with dystonic sequelae. Our patient had a unique course of having near-complete recovery despite being non-responsive to dopaminergic medications. This case demonstrates the confusion and misdiagnosis that can occur with EPM along with an unusually good outcome. Disclosure: Dr. Anderson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shah has nothing to disclose.
Leveraging learning styles to improve student learning: the interactive learning model and learning combination inventory

This paper describes the Interactive Learning Model, and a related instrument called the Learning Combination Inventory, which identifies those patterns of processing that learners rely upon as well as those patterns that learners avoid. It further reports the results of an exploratory study using MIS students, the purpose of which was to see if a correlation exists between those learning patterns that a student relies upon and their success in two different types of learning activities. The results suggest that if students understood their own learning patterns they could develop specific strategies to become efficient and effective life-long learners.
Lecture Notes on Embedded Contact Homology

These notes give an introduction to embedded contact homology (ECH) of contact three-manifolds, gathering together many basic notions which are scattered across a number of papers. We also discuss the origins of ECH, including various remarks and examples which have not been previously published. Finally, we review the recent application to four-dimensional symplectic embedding problems. This article is based on lectures given in Budapest and Munich in the summer of 2012, a series of accompanying blog postings at floerhomology.wordpress.com , and related lectures at UC Berkeley in Fall 2012. There is already a brief introduction to ECH in the article of M. Hutchings (in Proceedings of the 2010 ICM, vol. II, pp. 1022–1041, 2010), but the present notes give much more background and detail.
Effects of surface treatment (Lubricant) on spot friction welded joints made of 6111-T4 aluminum sheets

The effects of lubricant on lap shear strength of Spot Friction Welded (SFW) joints made of 6111-T4 alloys were studied. Taguchi L8 design of experiment methodology was used to determine the lubricant effects. The results showed that the lap shear strength increased by 9.9% when the lubricant was present at the top surface compared to that of the baseline (no lubricant) whereas the lap shear strength reduced by 10.2% and 10.9% when the lubricant was present in the middle and at the bottom surfaces compared to that of the baseline (no lubricant), respectively. The microstructure analysis showed a zigzag interface at the joint between the upper and the lower sheet metal for the baseline specimen, the specimens with the lubricant at the top and at the bottom. However, a straight line interface is exhibited at the joint between the upper and the lower sheet for the specimen with the lubricant in the middle. The weld nugget sizes of the lap shear tested specimens were measured. The nugget size was largest (7.99 mm) for the specimen with lubricant at the top, followed by the base specimens (7.55 mm). The nugget sizes for the specimen with the lubricant at the bottom and with the lubricant in the middle were the smallest (7.31 mm and 7.25 mm respectively).
Reproduction in rhesus monkeys chronically exposed to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol.

Data is reported from 46 matings between 11 undrugged adult rhesus monkey breeders and eight comparable breeders that had received daily oral doses of Δ9-THC at 2.4 mg per kg for a 5-yr period. Matings of drugged breeders showed no decrease in conceptions, but a 42% reproductive loss for matings of THC-treated females compared to an 8–11% loss for matings of undrugged females. The observed losses were not related to parity of mother or duration of drug intake and were nonspecific relative to stage of pregnancy; i.e., they occurred as resorptions, abortions, fetal deaths, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths. Nonviable term offspring appeared grossly normal, but exhibited a variety of nonspecific abnormalities on histopathological evaluation.
Microprocessor and microcomputer interfacing an excellent elective course for CS majors

This paper introduces a microprocessor and microcomputer interfacing course that may be included in the elective portion of a CS degree-plan. This course can be taught in either the computer science or electronics department. Upon successful completion of this course, students should have a clear understanding of microprocessors and interfacing concepts. Prior to studying the materials in this course, students should have completed a one-semester course in the general study of microprocessors, or a one-semester course in procedural programming using a structured language like C.
Once again “the Scythian” myth of origins (Herodotus 4.5–10)

Far from being authorless texts, eternal truths, and the authentic voice of the Volk (as Romantic theories have it), myths are narratives that disguise both their authorship and their tendentious nature. The two variants of “the” Scythian origin myth preserved in Herodotus 4.5–6 and 4.8–10 provide a convenient example of how close reading permits one to identify the interests advanced by each variant through the ways they rework details of the structure they have in common.
How to accept the transitivity of better than

Although the thesis that the moral better than relation is transitive seems obviously true, there is a growing literature according to which Parfit’s repugnant conclusion and related puzzles reveal that this thesis is false or problematic. This paper begins by presenting several such puzzles and explaining how they can be used in arguments for the intransitivity of better than. It then proposes and defends a plausible alternative picture of the behavior of better than that both resolves the repugnant conclusion and preserves transitivity. On the threshold-based model of lexicality defended here, hedonic episodes whose intensity is above a certain point are lexically greater (in absolute magnitude) than those whose intensity is below it. The final sections argue that this model is independently plausible and can be defended from several important objections.
Forced Abstinence from Cocaine Self-Administration is Associated with DNA Methylation Changes in Myelin Genes in the Corpus Callosum: a Preliminary Study.

Background: Human cocaine abuse is associated with alterations in white matter integrity revealed upon brain imaging, an observation that is recapitulated in an animal model of continuous cocaine exposure. The mechanism through which cocaine may affect white matter is unknown and the present study tested the hypothesis that cocaine self-administration results in changes in DNA methylation that could result in altered expression of several myelin genes that could contribute to the effects of cocaine on white matter integrity. Methods: In the present study, we examined the impact of forced abstinence from cocaine self-administration on chromatin-associated changes in white matter. To this end, rats were trained to self-administer cocaine (0.75 mg/kg/0.1 ml infusion) for 14 days followed by forced abstinence for 1 day (N = 6) or 30 days (N = 6) before sacrifice. Drug-free, sham surgery controls (n = 7) were paired with the experimental groups. Global DNA methylation and DNA methylation at specific CpG sites in the promoter regions of myelin basic protein (Mbp), proteolipid protein-1 (Plp1), and SRY-related HMG-box-10 (Sox10) genes were analyzed in DNA extracted from corpus callosum. Results: Significant differences in the overall methylation patterns of the Sox10 promoter region were observed in the corpus callosum of rats at 30 days of forced abstinence from cocaine self-administration relative to sham controls; the -189, -142, -93 and -62 CpG sites were significantly hypomethylated point-wise at this time point. After correction for multiple comparisons, no differences in global methylation or the methylation patterns of Mbp or Plp1 were found. Conclusions: Forced abstinence from cocaine self-administration was associated with differences in DNA methylation at specific CpG sites in the promoter region of the Sox10 gene in corpus callosum. These changes may be related to reductions in normal age related changes in DNA methylation and could be a factor in white mat
Optical explosives detection: from color changes to fluorescence turn-on

The detection of chemical explosives is crucial for military and civilian safety. A confluence of chemistry and engineering continues to improve the sensitivity for several classes of explosives, and holds the promise of cheap and portable sensing. Optical and fluorescence-based sensors have been extensively researched for portable applications due to their sensitivity and portability. This tutorial review discusses chemical approaches to sensing explosives based on an optical readout, and summarizes recent advances in fluorescence strategies, including fluorescence turn-on. It is of interest to researchers working in the areas of materials chemistry or forensics.
The other side of technology adoption: Examining the relationships between e-commerce expenses and hotel performance

Abstract As information technology (IT) increasingly permeates all aspects of the contemporary society, hotels have spent millions of dollars to deploy electronic commerce (e-commerce) tools and develop appropriate strategies to attract and retain guests. Yet, while the literature reflects the drivers of adopting certain e-commerce tools, it does not provide a conclusive answer regarding the effectiveness of e-commerce expenditures. Specifically, it is unclear whether such expenditures affect performance in terms of revenue and gross operating profit, or whether such effects are consistent over time and across different chain scales. Based on financial data reported by a sample of 275 hotels from 2007 through 2012, this study found that e-commerce expenses significantly and positively impacted rooms revenue for all sample years, except in 2007. When subgroup analyses were performed by chain scale, it was found that e-commerce expenses significantly contributed to the gross operating profit for midscale and upscale hotels but not for the luxury, upper upscale, and the upper midscale categories.
Dematin and Adducin Provide a Novel Link between the Spectrin Cytoskeleton and Human Erythrocyte Membrane by Directly Interacting with Glucose Transporter-1

Dematin and adducin are actin-binding proteins located at the spectrin-actin junctions, also called the junctional complex, in the erythrocyte membrane. Here we propose a new model whereby dematin and adducin link the junctional complex to human erythrocyte plasma membrane. Using a combination of surface labeling, immunoprecipitation, and vesicle proteomics approaches, we have identified glucose transporter-1 as the receptor for dematin and adducin in the human erythrocyte membrane. This finding is the first description of a transmembrane protein that binds to dematin and adducin, thus providing a rationale for the attachment of the junctional complex to the lipid bilayer. Because homologues of dematin, adducin, and glucose transporter-1 exist in many non-erythroid cells, we propose that a conserved mechanism may exist that couples sugar and other related transporters to the actin cytoskeleton.
An ultraviolet light induced bacteriophage in Beneckea gazogenes.

The effects of UV and high intensity irradiation on microorganisms growing under conditions prevalent during the early Precambrian Aeon are examined. The study employed the anaerobic red pigmented marine vibrio, Beneckea gazogenes (Harwood, 1978), using an extreme UV sensitivity of 2537 A, extensive cell lysis, and commitant production of bacteriophage induced by the UV light. Three types of white mutant, pink colony mutant, and red wild type isolates of B gazogenes were grown showing differential irradiation sensitivity and phage particles from all three lysates were collected and examined.
Subclavian Venogram as a Guide to Lead Implantation

Recent reports have raised doubts regarding the safety and efficacy of the blind subclavian venipuncture technique for intracardiac lead implantation. To permit a more lateral entry, we used a simple subclavian venogram performed through the brachial vein of the ipsilateral arm of 22 consecutive unselected patients undergoing lead implantation (19 permanent pacemakers and 3 intracardiac defibrillators). A total of 35 leads were implanted (31 left pectoral and 4 right pectoral). Lead insertion by venogram technique was used successfully in all patients. Two inconsequential arterial punctures occurred. There were no pneumothoraces infections, or other complications. Lateral placement should facilitate lead manipulation and minimize "subclavian crush." The method of ipsilateral venogram guided lead insertion appears to be safe and reliable and deserves consideration in patients who require permanent lead placement via the subclavian vein approach.
The impact of cytochrome P450 2D6 metabolism in women receiving adjuvant tamoxifen.

Background Tamoxifen is biotransformed to the potent anti-estrogen, endoxifen, by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 enzyme. CYP2D6 genetic variation and inhibitors of the enzyme markedly reduce endoxifen plasma concentrations in tamoxifen-treated patients. Using a North Central Cancer Treatment Group adjuvant tamoxifen trial, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of CYP2D6 metabolism by assessing the combined effect of genetic variation and inhibition of the enzyme system on breast cancer recurrence and death.
Hermeneutics and the Traditions of Student Development and Learning

The author of this article explores student affairs’s transition from student development to student learning from the standpoint of philosophical hermeneutics. The hermeneutical perspective further centralizes the role and place of student affairs work in the educational process. This perspective challenges the ego- or identity-oriented conception of the person, and offers a post-modern conceptualization of learning in educational experience.