cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Allostery in a disordered protein: oxidative modifications to α-synuclein act distally to regulate membrane binding.

Both oxidative stress and aggregation of the protein α-synuclein (aS) have been implicated as key factors in the etiology of Parkinson’s disease. Specifically, oxidative modifications to aS disrupt its binding to lipid membranes, an interaction considered critical to its native function. Here we seek to provide a mechanistic explanation for this phenomenon by investigating the effects of oxidative nitration of tyrosine residues on the structure of aS and its interaction with lipid membranes. Membrane binding is mediated by the first ∼95 residues of aS. We find that nitration of the single tyrosine (Y39) in this domain disrupts binding due to electrostatic repulsion. Moreover, we observe that nitration of the three tyrosines (Y125/133/136) in the C-terminal domain is equally effective in perturbing binding, an intriguing result given that the C-terminus is not thought to interact directly with the lipid bilayer. Our investigations show that tyrosine nitration results in a change of the conformational state...
The density matrix renormalization group for strongly correlated electron systems: A generic implementation

Abstract The purpose of this paper is (i) to present a generic and fully functional implementation of the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm, and (ii) to describe how to write additional strongly-correlated electron models and geometries by using templated classes. Besides considering general models and geometries, the code implements Hamiltonian symmetries in a generic way and parallelization over symmetry-related matrix blocks. Program summary Program title: DMRG++ Catalogue identifier: AEDJ_v1_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEDJ_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: See file LICENSE No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 15 795 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 83 454 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: C++, MPI Computer: PC, HP cluster Operating system: Any, tested on Linux Has the code been vectorized or parallelized?: Yes RAM: 1 GB (256 MB is enough to run included test) Classification: 23 External routines: BLAS and LAPACK Nature of problem: Strongly correlated electrons systems, display a broad range of important phenomena, and their study is a major area of research in condensed matter physics. In this context, model Hamiltonians are used to simulate the relevant interactions of a given compound, and the relevant degrees of freedom. These studies rely on the use of tight-binding lattice models that consider electron localization, where states on one site can be labeled by spin and orbital degrees of freedom. The calculation of properties from these Hamiltonians is a computational intensive problem, since the Hilbert space over which these Hamiltonians act grows exponentially with the number of sites on the lattice. Solution method: The DMRG is a numerical variational technique to study quantum many body Hamiltonians. For one-dimensional and quasi one-dimensional systems, the DMRG is able to truncate, with bounded errors and in a general and efficient way, the underlying Hilbert space to a constant size, making the problem tractable. Running time: The test program runs in 15 seconds.
Studies on Species of Asclepias. III. A Comparative Study of the Stems

The comparative anatomy of the stems of Asclepias tuberosa L., Asclepias syriaca L., Asclepias speciosa Torr., Asclepias incarnata L. var. alba Hort., Asclepias incarnata L. var. pulchra Hort., and Asclepias curassavica L. is presented. Only minor differences occur in the histologies of the stems of the species of Asclepias examined. Similarities were noted in the absence or scantiness of periderm, the presence of druses and abundant starch, a pericycle in the form of isolated groups of nonlignified or slightly lignified fibers, a siphonostelic arrangement of vascular tissue, an endodermis observable only in iodine mounts, and internal phloem patches. Differences were noted in the number of latex vessels, and in the distribution of vessels in the secondary xylem.
Development of regenerable MgO-based sorbent promoted with K2CO3 for CO2 capture at low temperatures.

To improve their CO2 absorption capacity, alkali-based sorbents prepared by impregnation and wet mixing method of potassium carbonate on supports such as activated carbon and MgO (KACI30, KACP30, KMgI30, and KMgP30), were investigated in a fixed bed reactor (CO2 absorption at 50–100 °C and regeneration at 150–400 °C). Total CO2 capture capacities of KMgI30-500 and KMgP30-500 were 178.6 and 197.6 mg CO2/g sorbent, respectively, in the presence of 11 vol % H2O even at 50 °C. The large amount of CO2 capture capacity of KMgP30-500 and KMgI30-500 could be explained by the fact that MgO itself, as well as K2CO3, could absorb CO2 in the presence of water vapor even at low temperatures. In particular, water vapor plays an important role in the CO2 absorption of MgO and KMgI30-500 even at low temperatures below 60 °C, in marked contrast to MgO and CaO which can absorb CO2 at high temperatures. The CO2 capture capacity of the KMgI30-300 sorbent, however, was less than that of KMgI30-500 due to the formation of Mg(O...
Quatrefoil reentry in myocardium: an optical imaging study of the induction mechanism.

Quatrefoil Reentry in Myocardium. Introduction: The “critical point hypothesis” for induction of ventricular fibrillation has previously been extended to infer the coexistence of four critical points, and hence four simultaneous spiral reentries or a quatrefoil reentry, resulting from only one premature stimulus delivered to the same location as the pacing stimulus. An optical imaging technique was used to explore its existence and to study the induction mechanism of this peculiar reentry pattern. Methods and Results: In 16 isolated, Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts, high-speed optical imaging at 133 or 267 frames/sec was performed to observe the induced response with a unipolar point electrode. A novel quatrefoil-shaped reentry pattern consisting of two pairs of opposing rotors was created by delivering long stimuli during the vulnerable phase. Successful induction occurred in a narrow range of coupling intervals. A dogbone pattern of virtual electrodes was established during the premature stimulus. Propagating wavefronts launched from the virtual anodes immediately after the termination of S2. The alternating blocking and conducting effects of the virtual electrodes, as well as the boundary between virtual cathode and virtual anode, provided the necessary pathways for quatrefoil reentry. Propagation directions of the reentrant spiral wavefronts reversed with a reversal in S2 polarity. Quatrefoil reentries were not sustained and lasted 1 to 4 complete cycles. Conclusion: The initiation of quatrefoil reentry followed anodal-or cathodal-break stimulation as a result of local symmetrical enhancement of the dispersion of tissue excitability. The “critical point hypothesis” provides the minimum topology required for this type of reentry; the “graded response hypothesis” can be viewed as providing a more detailed explanation of how this topology is actually realized. Triggering mechanisms due to the “break” mode of stimulation also posits a new mechanism for defibrillation.
Batch and continuous solid-phase fermentation of Jerusalem artichoke tubers

Abstract Two strains of Kluyveromyces marxianus were evaluated for their ability to ferment Jerusalem artichoke tuber pulp to ethanol under pH levels ranging from 2.0–6.3. Bacterial contamination was prevented in batch, solid-phase fermentation when pulp was initially adjusted to pH 3.5 or less, and maximal yeast populations occurred at pH 3.0–3.5. Fermentation times were also shortest for both yeast (13–18 h) and ethanol (48–64 h) production when pulp pH was in this range. However, ethanol yields (41–53% of theoretical) and fermentation efficiencies (68–78%) were somewhat lower than expected, with only 6.6–7.2% (v/v) ethanol produced by strain Y-1598 and 5.7–6.9% produced by strain Y-1550. Based on these parameters, the continuous solid-phase fermentor was operated for 396 h using strain Y-1598. The pH of pulp entering the fermentor was adjusted to 2.5 to compensate for partial neutralization by the mild steel of the fermentor. This resulted in fermenting pulp with a pH of 3.0–3.5, and therefore no contamination. Pulp exiting the fermentor after 72 h contained 6.9 × 10 8 yeast cells/ml and 7.3% ethanol, which represented 55.9% of the theoretical yield and a fermentation efficiency of 73.3%. Further modifications (partial acid hydrolysis, finer grinding, etc.) should permit higher yields.
Determining the operating curves of spatial light modulators with imaging polarimetry

We present the eigenpolarization states of a commercially available liquid crystal television display and show that phase-only modulation can be achieved over a large dynamic range of video voltages for several bias voltage settings if the eigenpolarization states are used. A set of operating curves using these polarization states are given for the device.
Measurement of roughness-induced wavelength corrections to the surface-plasmon resonance in silver

A systematic study has been made of the wavelength position of the surface-plasmon resonance in roughened silver foils. Frequency shifts in the resonance peak, produced by varying surface-roughness parameters, have been interpreted using a model calculation. A self-consistent comparison has been made with angular scattered-light distributions from the same foils. Remarks are given concerning changes in silver reflectivity due to annealing.
The impact of a palliative medicine consultation service in medical oncology

This prospective study of consecutive patients describes the palliative medicine consult service in a tertiary level cancer center and its impact on patient care. All inpatients/outpatients referred to the Palliative Medicine Program in a 4-month period were enrolled. Data were collected at the initial consultation using standardized forms with spaces for: reason for the consultation, referring service, demographics and history, ECOG performance status, symptoms, prognosis and diagnostic tests, treatment, and care plan. In all, 240 patients were seen: 79% were referred for symptom management; 53% were referred from medical oncology; and 50% were women. Median patient age was 67 years (range 18–96). Median performance status was 2 (1–4). Most (84%) of the patients had cancer. The cancer sites were: lung in 26% of cases, colorectal in 8%, and breast in 7%. Inpatients accounted for 53% and outpatients, for 47% of the study population. The median number of symptoms per patient was 13 (2–30). The estimated survival was 6 months in 10%. The patients' goals were: improve symptoms for 84%, return home for 55%, and no further admissions for 5%. The support systems named by patients were: family in 89%, friends in 13%, and the community in 5%. Hospice care was discussed at the consultation with 38% of the patients, would have been inappropriate for 31%, was not discussed with 22%, and had been discussed before with 9%. In response to questions about psychosocial care, a caregiver was identified by 78%, a spokesperson by 75%, and durable power of attorney was referred to by 21%. The DNR status was discussed on consult by 57%, had already been discussed with 30%, and was not discussed with 13%. Plan of care foresaw outpatient follow-up for 40%, inpatient follow-up for 32%, and transfer to palliative medicine for 27%. In 39% of cases the consults were considered late referrals. New medications suggested were opioids for 46% of patients, antiemetics for 28%, a bowel regimen for 24%, steroids for 15%, and others for 51%. (1) Palliative medicine consultation involves common complex medical, psychological, and social problems. (2) Complex symptomatology in this population is confirmed. (3) Multiple interventions were suggested even at the initial consultation. (4) Important issues such as DNR (do not resuscitate) status, support system, treatment goals, and eligibility for hospice care had often not been addressed.
Multiple influences on sea-level changes in the tertiary

Abstract A plot of known exposures of coastal sediments, showing approximate age and present elevation, provides one approach to the history of sea level, in the southeastern states, through Late Cretaceous and Tertiary time. Five important pre-Pleistocene points appear on this plot; on semi-log paper, they define two straight-line segments. The first segment covering Late Cretaceous and Tertiary pre-Miocene time, indicates a drop of sea level or an equivalent rise of the land area of about 50 m in 70 · 10 6 years, or 0.7 mm/10 3 years. The second segment, for Mio-Pliocene time, indicates an additional drop in sea level of about 75 m in 25 · 10 6 years, or about 3 mm/10 3 years. Pleistocene fluctuations are not included in this plot. The first segment is thought to represent a net isostatic rebound due largely to erosional unloading of the southern Appalachians. The second segment is thought to represent a glacio-eustatic change, probably due to ice accumulation in near-polar areas such as Antarctica. Because the control points are few and uncertain, only a very rough approximation to sea-level history can be obtained in the area of interest. There is a very real possibility that local structural effects have contributed an unknown bias to the results. In any event, it does not seem possible to separate various types of epeirogenic and tectonic influences. Nevertheless, the two line segments are sufficiently different in slope and character to require two different processes, and the glacio-eustatic explanation for the second segment is the most attractive one available. Two highly simplified equations are developed, one describing each line segment. Use of these equations produces two interesting hypotheses: ( a ) total net isostatic rebound in the southern Appalachians due to erosional unloading, has been 500–600 m since later Pennsylvanian time; and ( b ) if glacio-eustatic events had not modified the isostatic curve, since Middle Miocene time, sea level would now stand at about +68 m.
Four Butterflies: End of Life Stories of Transition and Transformation

In this article, the author discusses her experiences as an Artist In Residence in the Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Emphasis is placed on the ways in which end of life images and narratives often unfold in the fragile yet powerful space where conceptions of aesthetics and spirituality intersect with critical issues in the medical humanities. Drawing on four vivid case studies, the author examines the ways in which end of life narratives shed valuable light on conceptions of the subtlety of human embodiment; issues of violation, sorrow, and forgiveness; the mystical dimensions of traditional cultural beliefs; and the capacity for perceiving the natural world as a living symbol of grace. In so doing, she explores how the themes of transition and transformation become invested with meaningful existential and symbolic dimensions in artworks that give voice and presence to some of the most vulnerable, and often invisible, members of our society—people at the end of life.
Effect of experimental resolution on the measured widths of the fluctuation correlation function for nuclear cross sections

Abstract The effect of experimental resolution on measurements involving fine structure in nuclear cross sections is considered. In energy regions where resonances overlap considerably, the average width of the fine-structure features is normally determined from a set of averages of products. The effect on the set, and hence on the resonance width, is investigated for several different forms of the resolution function. Both analysis and numerical results are presented. If the resolution function has a sufficiently narrow width and drops rapidly to zero away from the measured energy, then the average is unaffected. Curves are given to provide corrections in less optimal conditions.
Reliability and Validity of Scores on the Emergency Severity Index Version 3

Objectives: No widely used triage instrument accurately assesses patient acuity. The Emergency Severity Index (ESI) promises to facilitate reliable acuity assessment and possibly predict patient disposition. However, reliability and validity of ESI scores have not been established in emergency departments (EDs) outside the original research sites, and version 3 (v.3) of the ESI has not been evaluated. The study hypothesis was that scores on the ESI v.3 show good interrater reliability and predict hospital admission, admission site, and death. Methods: The authors conducted an ED-based cross-sectional retrospective study of 403 systematically selected ED records of patients who presented to an academic medical center. Twenty-seven variables were abstracted, including triage level assigned, admission status, site, and death. Using a standard process, the researchers determined the true triage level. Weighted kappa and Pearson correlation were used to calculate interrater reliability between true triage level and triage score assigned by the registered nurse (RN). The relationships between the true ESI level and admission, admission site, and death were assessed. Results: Interrater reliability between RN ESI level and the true ESI level was kappa = 0.89; Pearson r= 0.83 (p < 0.001). Hospital admission by ESI level was as follows: 1 (80%), 2 (73%), 3 (51%), 4 (6%), and 5 (5%). A higher percentage of ESI level-1 and level-2 patients (40%, 12%) were admitted to the intensive care unit than ESI levels 3–5 (2%, 0%, 0%). Admission to telemetry for ESI levels 1-5 was 20%, 19%, 7%, 1%, and 0%, respectively. Three of four patients who died were ESI level 1 or 2. Conclusions: Scores on the ESI assigned by nurses have excellent interrater reliability and predict hospital admission and location of admission.
Risks, Benefits, and Generic Substitution

Consumers would save on prescriptions if pharmacists dispensed generic drugs more frequently. This study examined the relationship between pharmacists' perceptions of risks and benefits of generic substitution and their substitution behavior. Data gathered by a mail survey indicated that pharmacists' perceptions of probabilities of benefits and risks were significantly related to substitution behaviors. Pharmacists were most concerned with performance and psychological risks and financial and psychological benefits.
On the rotation of elliptical galaxies

The tensor virial theorem is applied to models of early-type galaxies. First the theorem is applied to rotating elliptical galaxies whose constant-density surfaces are similar ellipsoids. A relationship is obtained between the observed rotations and the forms of generally triaxial galaxies. By applying the results of Robert (1962) to the evaluation of the components of the Chandrasekhar tensor which occurs in this relationship, it is found that the form of a galaxy that lacks global velocity anisotropy uniquely determines the ratio of its rotational and random kinetic energies independently of the radial density profile of that galaxy. A distribution of three-dimensional prolate spheroids is derived which accounts for the observed distribution of ellipticities reported by Sandage, Freeman, and Stokes (1970). This is then used to derive curves giving the expected frequency of occurrence of galaxies of given rotational velocities for each of a number of different apparent elongations on the sky. It is found that if elliptical galaxies are prolate, there should be little correlation between apparent ellipticity and rotation velocity.
Conservation of neutrons in time-dependent slowing down

The time-dependent slowing down of neutrons in noncapturing media depends in an important way on how the energy-dependent mean-free-time between scatterings behaves as E ,q 0. For example, if the mean-free-time decreases, i.e., v{Sigma}/sub s/ increases, as any positive power of E, the integrated density of neutrons does not remain constant in time. This anomalous behavior is discussed, noting both analogies in other physical processes and early references to the phenomenon of non-conservation. The analysis uses some unfamiliar solutions for slowing down in hydrogen, when the cross section has power-law variation; however, the general discussion is not limited to the equal mass case.
A new and improved apodization function for resolution enhancement in NMR spectroscopy

Abstract In a variety of fields of spectroscopy, many apodization functions are presently available that can be used to multiply a time-domain signal, so that after Fourier transformation the resolution will be improved, in the sense that the linewidths will be reduced in the frequency domain. Until recently, these functions increased either the resolution or the signal-to-noise ratio ( S / N ), and always one at the expense of the other. Recently a function that may be used to increase either resolution, S / N , or both simultaneously was introduced. A mathematical explanation of how the function operates is presented, along with an improved version of the original form. Results are reported that demonstrate an increase in SIN of up to a factor of two, while simultaneously increasing resolution. Also presented are some problems that may arise from the use of this function, as well as a comparison with the commonly used Gaussian apodization.
The Amazing Osteocyte

The last decade has provided a virtual explosion of data on the molecular biology and function of osteocytes. Far from being the “passive placeholder in bone,” this cell has been found to have numerous functions, such as acting as an orchestrator of bone remodeling through regulation of both osteoclast and osteoblast activity and also functioning as an endocrine cell. The osteocyte is a source of soluble factors not only to target cells on the bone surface but also to target distant organs, such as kidney, muscle, and other tissues. This cell plays a role in both phosphate metabolism and calcium availability and can remodel its perilacunar matrix. Osteocytes compose 90% to 95% of all bone cells in adult bone and are the longest lived bone cell, up to decades within their mineralized environment. As we age, these cells die, leaving behind empty lacunae that frequently micropetrose. In aged bone such as osteonecrotic bone, empty lacunae are associated with reduced remodeling. Inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor and glucocorticoids used to treat inflammatory disease induce osteocyte cell death, but by different mechanisms with potentially different outcomes. Therefore, healthy, viable osteocytes are necessary for proper functionality of bone and other organs. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) in an 80‐Year‐Old Woman Given Clomipramine

The author describes the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, with serum sodium decreasing from 137 mEq/L to 122 mEq/L in an 80-year-old woman prescribed clomipramine. The patient's delirium and serum sodium were slow to normalize, prolonging her hospital stay and delaying treatment of her depression.
Challenges in enabling social application at scale: cloudDB'12 invited-keynote talk abstract

Internet users spend billions of minutes per month on social networking sites like Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter. Not only do they create tons of data everyday in the form of posts, tweets and photos, the connections between users have given rise to new applications for social discovery and engagement. In this talk I will highlight the novel data management and privacy challenges in three such applications: (i) Feed Following, or the problem of delivering highly personalized feeds based on content generated by one's friends, (ii) Social Coordination, or the problem of jointly planning and coordinating on a task, and (iii) Social Recommendations, or recommending objects and people based on one's social connections.
CHRONIC RESERPINATION OF SUCKLING RATS DOES NOT INTERFERE WITH THE DEVELOPMENTAL ACCUMULATION OF PANCREATIC ENZYMES

We tested whether chronic reserpine treatment disturbed the exocrine pancreatic development of suckling rats. Rat pups (4 days old) were given reserpine (R) (50 μg/kg i.p.) or vehicle (C) daily until sacrifice at 14 or 21 days of age. R pups showed significant decreases in body weights (wt). The decreases in pancreatic wt were proportionally less than the decrease in body wt as the pancreatic wt/100 g body wt were larger in R pups. At 14 days of age, pancreatic contents of amylase, trypsinogen, and lipase were not different between R and C pups, but the enzyme contents/100 g body wt in the R pups were higher. At 21 days of age (weaning), pancreatic contents of all 3 enzymes in the R pups were less than those of C pups but the characteristic pattern of enzyme accumulation was retained. Hydrocortisol treatment at 14 days of age precociously increased pancreatic enzymes in both R and C pups. A decrease in pancreatic secretion in the R pups was evident in vivo as they have intestinal contents of pancreatic enzymes lower than in the C pups. In vitro studies using dispersed pancreatic acini also showed a 50% reduction in the release of amylase in the R group as stimulated by carbachol and octapeptide of cholecystokinin. These results suggest that chronic reserpine treatment of suckling rats did not cause significant disturbance in the developmental accumulation of pancreatic exocrine enzymes other than a slight delay. A definite reduction in stimulated pancreatic secretion was demonstrated.
Modeling the impact of stochastic outages for electricity infrastructure development

Electricity systems are subject to delays in construction and outages during operation. These stochastic events have probabilities and costs that depend on local variables and system design. We present a methodology to analyze the cost and performance of different electricity infrastructure development paths in the presence of stochastic events and probabilistic parameters. Of primary interest are the impacts of long construction horizons for centralized infrastructures, variable commodity prices, random generation and transmission outages and budget instability. The methodology is demonstrated through a case study analysis of two different development paths for rural electrification in Rwanda, one that is primarily centralized and one that is primarily decentralized. We show that conventional modeling, which aggregates the effects of random events and probabilistic parameters, may understate the true costs of centralized infrastructure, as compared to explicit simulation of individual stochastic events. We show the extent to which the centralized development path can be negatively affected by disruptions to the available development budget. We also show that when consumer discount rates are high, the decentralized path can become a relatively lower cost option on a levelized basis.
Observation of High Mass Dilepton Pairs in Hadron Collisions at 400-GeV

We report preliminary results on the production of electron-positron pairs in the mass range 2.5 to 20 GeV in 400-GeV $p$-Be interactions. 27 high-mass events are observed in the mass range 5.5-10.0 GeV corresponding to $\ensuremath{\sigma}=(1.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}35}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ per nucleon. Clustering of 12 of these events between 5.8 and 6.2 GeV suggests that the data contain a new resonance at 6 GeV.
Are Social Service Managers Encouraging Consumer Participation in Decision Making in Organizations

The participation of social service consumers in decision making in social service organizations is often viewed as an appropriate mechanism for reducing feelings of oppression among residents of low-income communities. However, there is little empirical evidence that nonprofit or public social service managers actively seek to empower service consumers by involving them in organizational decision making. In this paper, the author describes findings from a survey of social service managers about whether specific client empowerment-oriented management activities are commonly utilized.
Optical properties of marine bacteria

Optical properties of naturally derived bacterioplankton grown in unenriched seawater are described. The beam attenuation coefficient, absorption coefficient and size distribution of cells suspension of bacteria were measured in order to determine their optical efficiency factors. In addition, the bulk refractive index as well as the angular pattern of light scattering were obtained from Mie theory. The cellular scatering efficiency increases with decreasing light wavelength as A , the backscattering efficiency is almost spectrally neutral, and the absorption efficiency exhibits features associated with respiratory cytochromes. Except for backscattering, the efficiences are significantly lower than those for larger biological inicroparticles. We suggest that baceria are a xrtajor source of light scattering in oligotrophic waters, where their contribution to the scattering coefficient may far exceed 50%. This large contribution is caused by the fact that total geometric cross sectional area for the bacteria compensates for their lower scattering efficiency. The contribution by bacteria to particle absorption, although less certain, appears also to be important in oligotrophic waters, and it may even predominate a non-'phytoplankton component. The effects of changes in size and refractive index on optical efficiencies of bacteria are also discussed in terms of a recent hypothesis concerning the regulation of cellular water content.
Beyond the epsilon band: polygonal modeling of gradation/uncertainty in area-class maps

A spatial modeling technique is proposed to represent boundary uncertainty or gradation on area-class maps using a simple polygon tessellation with designated zones of indeterminacy or transition zones. The transition zone can be conceptualized as a dual of the epsilon band, but is more flexible and allows for a wide range of polygonal configurations, including polygons with sinuous boundaries, spurs, three-way transition zones, and null polygons. The model is specified using the medial axis to capture the general shape characteristics of a transition zone. Graph theoretic representation of an extended version of the medial axis captures key junctions in both shape and classification and is used to identify well-formed transition zones that can be logically and unambiguously handled by the model. A multivariate classification surface is specified by first defining degrees or probabilities of membership at every point on the medial axis and transition zone boundary. Degrees or probabilities of membership a...
Real and apparent changes in sediment deposition rates through time

[1] Field measurements show that estimated sediment deposition rate decreases as a power law function of the measurement interval. This apparent decrease in sediment deposition has been attributed to completeness of the sedimentary record; the effect arises because of incorporation of longer hiatuses in deposition as averaging time is increased. We demonstrate that a heavy-tailed distribution of periods of nondeposition (hiatuses) produces this phenomenon and that observed accumulation rate decreases as tγ−1, over multiple orders of magnitude, where 0 < γ ≤ 1 is the parameter describing the tail of the distribution of quiescent period length. By using continuous time random walks and limit theory, we can estimate the actual average deposition rate from observations of the surface location over time. If geologic and geometric constraints place an upper limit on the length of hiatuses, then average accumulation rates approach a constant value at very long times. Our model suggests an alternative explanation for the apparent increase in global sediment accumulation rates over the last 5 million years.
Application of the electrocatalytic reduction of nitric oxide mediated by ferrioxamine B to the determination of nitric oxide concentrations in solution

Abstract The electrocatalytic reduction of nitric oxide to nitrous oxide by the iron siderophore ferrioxamine B was used as a basis for an electrochemical NO sensor. Evaporation of a Nafion film onto a glassy carbon electrode produced modified surfaces into which the ferric complex of ferrioxamine B could be exchanged. Cyclic voltammetry of this modified electrode in aqueous solution produced two peaks, one of which (−0.73 V versus SSCE) corresponded to the quasi-reversible reduction of solution-bound ferrioxamine B and the other of which (−0.42 V) corresponded to an adsorbed species. Greater catalytic enhancement was observed in the presence of NO for the solution wave than for the adsorption pre-peak. The catalytic enhancement, expressed as the ratio of peak current in the presence of NO ( i cat ) to the current in the absence of NO ( i d ) was a linear function of the solution NO concentration down to 1 μ M. Better sensitivity was precluded by decomposition of the reduced form of the catalyst in the absence of NO.
Using sex‐averaged genetic maps in multipoint linkage analysis when identity‐by‐descent status is incompletely known

The ratio of male and female genetic map distances varies dramatically across the human genome. Despite these sex differences in genetic map distances, most multipoint linkage analyses use sex-averaged genetic maps. We investigated the impact of using a sex-averaged genetic map instead of sex-specific maps for multipoint linkage analysis of affected sibling pairs when identity-by-descent states are incompletely known due to missing parental genotypes and incomplete marker heterozygosity. If either all or no parental genotypes were available, for intermarker distances of 10, 5, and 1cM, we found no important differences in the expected maximum lod score (EMLOD) or location estimates of the disease locus between analyses that used the sex-averaged map and those that used the true sex-specific maps for female:male genetic map distance ratios 1:10 and 10:1. However, when genotypes for only one parent were available and the recombination rate was higher in females, the EMLOD using the sex-averaged map was inflated compared to the sex-specific map analysis if only mothers were genotyped and deflated if only fathers were genotyped. The inflation of the lod score when only mothers were genotyped led to markedly increased false-positive rates in some cases. The opposite was true when the recombination rate was higher in males; the EMLOD was inflated if only fathers were genotyped, and deflated if only mothers were genotyped. While the effects of missing parental genotypes were mitigated for less extreme cases of missingness, our results suggest that when possible, sex-specific maps should be used in linkage analyses. Genet. Epidemiol. 30:384–396, 2006. r 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Trace metal solubility in an anoxic fjord

Abstract Intermittent anoxia in the Saanich Inlet water column provides an easily accessible marine O2/H2S interface to study the response of metals to both a steep redox gradient and the availability of reactive reduced sulfur species. Our study indicates a strong anoxic zone sink for copper and cadmium and the characteristically enhanced solubility of manganese and iron. Thiosulfate and sulfite are below detection limits (1 μM and 0.1 μM, respectively) and thus not important in metal complexation. Elemental sulfur concentrations are high at the oxic/anoxic interface and throughout the anoxic zone, indicating the potential for metal complexation by polysulfides. A thermodynamic approach employing metal sulfide formation and class specific sulfidic ligand complexation to generate equilibrium profiles adequately describes the solubility of iron, copper, and cadmium. The extension of this scheme to other transition and class B metals in other marine environments with redox fronts is suggested.
How Obstetric/Gynecologic Nurse Practitioners Make Practice Changes: A National Study

A national study to determine how obstetric/gynecologic nurse practitioners (OGNPs) make practice change was conducted. A random sample of 1000 currently certified OGNPs was surveyed. Results indicated that continuing education meetings were primary sources of practice change information. Other important sources included discussion with physicians and other NP colleagues, as well as nursing and medical journals. The survey results indicate that continuous learning for practice change is occurring and that a variety of sources are used to assist OGNPs in keeping their practice activities current.
Beneficial actions of prostacyclin in traumatic shock.

Abstract Prostacyclin (PGI2) infused at a rate of 350 ng/kg/min significantly increased survival time in rats subjected to Noble-Collip drum trauma from 2.7±0.3 to 4.6±0.2 h (p
A cyclostationary blind Doppler estimation method for underwater acoustic communications using direct-sequence spread spectrum signals

A new method for blind (non-data aided) Doppler shift estimation caused by relative motion assumed to be the same on each hydrophone receiver in a SIMO context is presented. The proposed method is based on the second order stationary statistics and it was applied to estimate the average and instantaneous Doppler shift for a single carrier underwater acoustic communications. Past experimental data collected at sea are used to determine the average and instantaneous Doppler shift within a direct sequence spread spectrum signal containing 52 repeated m-sequences.
Method for quantitative determination of free and peptide-linked tryptophan after reaction with 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide.

Abstract A method for quantitative determination of tryptophan in the presence of 20hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide substituted tryptophan is described. The procedure does not require removal of the excess reagent and can be applied to intact proteins substituted with the reagent. The procedure involves applying mathematically derived correction factors to the analysis data obtained from the Spies and Chambers method for tryptophan determination.
The New Relevance of Experiment: A Postmodern Problem

A post-modern view of science in our culture should recognize two things about science suppressed or forgotten when it was appropriated by modernism: 1. that science is an experimental art in the domain of the performing arts, and 2. that the tradition of experimental science is transmitted by rituals and accompanying narratives which give to science an exemplary—and not necessary mythic—legitimizing dimension that was hidden pom the purview of modernist inquiry.
CD83 polymorphisms and cervical cancer risk

Objectives Studies have suggested that polymorphisms in genes involved in immune recognition and antigen presentation are associated with cervical cancer risk. We sought to replicate a recent study which reported an association between specific SNPs on CD83 and cervical cancer and to further explore whether effects varied by age, clinical stage (in situ versus invasive), and histology (squamous carcinomas versus adenocarcinomas).
E-government application development using the Six Sigma approach

For an e-government system to be successful, high quality application-software that supports the e-government services is a critical factor. One key aspect in the software development is quality control implemented during the process of the software development project. However, little research has been published to examine how to improve the quality of e-government applications using better process management. In this paper, we present a framework for integrating the Six Sigma methods and tools into the e-government application development process. The proposed framework associates Six Sigma's define-measure-analyse-design-verify (DMADV) procedure and associated tools to various phases of the software development life cycle.
Dosage effects of the white (d) and melanoid (m) genes on pigment pattern in the Mexican axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum, Shaw.

Abstract Two unlinked autosomal recessive genes, white ( d ) and melanoid ( m ), are known to affect wild-type coloration in the axolotl. The d allele in the homozygous recessive condition reduces the total number of melanophores and restricts their migration to the top of the head and along the spinal column. The m allele in the homozygous recessive condition increases the number of melanophores and effects a more uniform distribution. The action of these genes was further investigated by studying the phenotypes of triploid larvae of known genotype at the d and m loci. Triploidy was induced by heat treating the eggs immediately after oviposition to inhibit the second maturation division. Triploidy was verified by chromosomal counts in epidermal cells of tail-tip preparations. Melanophore distribution and number were recorded at 16 and 30 days after oviposition. Two d alleles in Ddd triploids effect a reduction in melanophore number and their rate of proliferation, but have no effect on melanophore distribution. Two m alleles in Mmm triploids effect an increase in the number of melanophores and their rate of proliferation, but have no effect on their distribution. Therefore, it appears that there are at least two separate physiological actions of gene D and M , one that determines melanophore distribution and another that determines their number and rate of proliferation.
L'elision du `L' en francais quebecois

Resume Cet article decrit un phenomene morpho-phonologique particulier au francais populaire et au francais familier parles au Quebec. Ce phenomene, qui jusqu'ici n 'a jamais ete exactement decrit, est tres repandu dans toutes les couches de la population rurale et urbaine de la province de Quebec. Il s'agit de l'effacement du ‘l’ de l'article et du pronom dans un contexte bien particulier. L'elision du ‘l’ amenera a considerer quelques comportements phonetiques possibles de deux voyelles qui se suivent. L'article souligne aussi l'existence d'un phenomene semblable en portugais.
The cell: an image library-CCDB: a curated repository of microscopy data

The cell: an image library-CCDB (CIL-CCDB) (http://www.cellimagelibrary.org) is a searchable database and archive of cellular images. As a repository for microscopy data, it accepts all forms of cell imaging from light and electron microscopy, including multi-dimensional images, Z- and time stacks in a broad variety of raw-data formats, as well as movies and animations. The software design of CIL-CCDB was intentionally designed to allow easy incorporation of new technologies and image formats as they are developed. Currently, CIL-CCDB contains over 9250 images from 358 different species. Images are evaluated for quality and annotated with terms from 14 different ontologies in 16 different fields as well as a basic description and technical details. Since its public launch on 9 August 2010, it has been designed to serve as not only an archive but also an active site for researchers and educators.
Using functional assessment to improve information systems research, design and technology matching

Information systems researchers and developers require an appropriate means of assessing system user characteristics and capabilities. At this time, no such assessment measures exist. Current measurement tools are designed to assess activities of daily living, but do not transfer well to technology assessment. My dissertation work will focus on the development of a functional assessment (FA) that focuses on the capabilities that are critical for effective interactions with information technologies. This dissertation will focus on physical capabilities, using both questionnaire and computerized solutions to assess a user's relevant functional capabilities. Evaluation and comparison of assessment techniques with correlation to representative computer tasks will finalize the research.
Metamorphism and deformation on western Mt Chapple, Arunta Region, central Australia: A record of multiple high-grade tectonic events

Extensive exposures of deep crustal rocks in the south-central Arunta Region record a complex tectonic history from Proterozoic terrane assembly to Paleozoic exhumation. Western Mt Chapple was previously inferred to include evidence of much of this history. Detailed mapping and structural and metamorphic analysis, however, demonstrate three structurally distinct, high-grade deformational events, but no indication of the youngest, lowermost amphibolite to greenschist facies, Alice Springs exhumational overprint. Evidence of the oldest deformation is confined to local exposures of NE-striking gneissosity; neither metamorphic grade nor kinematics are constrained. The second event produced a steeply dipping, WNW-striking, NNE-dipping foliation, steeply E-plunging mineral lineation, and kinematic indicators recording dextral transpression in present-day geographic coordinates. Mineral assemblages preserved in blocks between D3 shear zones record D2 metamorphic conditions of 691–746 ± 50°C and 550–900 MPa. Nort...
Herpesvirus in red-headed (common) agamas (Agama agama).

Diseases induced by herpesviruses affect a broad spectrum ofmammalian species, including humans, and have also been identified in birds, amphibians, and reptiles. This case report describes a herpesvirus-induced disease in a group of red-headed (common) agamas. Nine wild-caught red-headed agamas (Agama agama) were purchased from an animal dealer by the Detroit Zoological Park. The animals were quarantined prior to display, but all of the animals subsequently died; 8 over a period of 38 days and the ninth 6 months later. All of the lizards were necropsied by 1 of the zoo’s veterinarians. The 2 agamas (agama nos. 1 and 2) that are the subjects of this report were found dead on the same day. Agama no. 1 had multiple pin-point white foci in the liver but no other evident gross lesions. Agama no. 2 had no gross lesions. Multiple tissues from both lizards were obtained at necropsy, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, and submitted to the Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory. The tissues were processed routinely and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) for examination. Microbiologic and virologic examinations were not performed. The liver and spleen of agama no. 1 contained multiple randomly distributed foci of necrosis. These regions had little associated inflammation, but at the periphery there were numerous eosinophilic to slightly amphophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies with peripheral halos (Fig. 1). The characteristics of these bodies were consistent with those of herpesvirus inclusion bodies. Within some of the necrotic hepatic foci
Soil Fertility Management a Century Ago in Farmers of Forty Centuries

Published just over a century ago, Farmers of Forty Centuries or Permanent Agriculture in China, Korea, and Japan, served to document the viability and productivity of traditional agricultural systems that relied on composting, and complete recycling of all types of natural waste materials, as a means of sustaining soil fertility. This cardinal rule of waste management and organic soil husbandry became known as “the law of return” to organic farming. With regards to nutrient management, organic farming methods uses restorative cultural practices that include the law of return principle which encourages the closure of nutrient cycles. In these respects, organic farming methods are arguably more firmly grounded in ecology and sustainability than the promotions of the chemical fertilizer industry which has largely displaced traditional soil fertility practices. Farmers of Forty Centuries is a classic with valuable lessons and experience to offer towards teaching modern concepts in sustainable agriculture.