cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Puromycin-induced argyrophilia as an alternative to Golgi methods: reliable impregnations of hypothalamic cell groups following lateral ventricular injections in rats.

Abstract Parenchymal injections of puromycin were known to induce Golgi-like silver impregnations upon treatment with the cupric-silver method. We have found lateral ventricular injections (5 μl, 0.1 M) also effective. Such injections consistently led to detailed Golgi-like profiles of cells in a number of hypothalamic regions including one, the paraventricular nucleus, which traditionally is quite recalcitrant to Golgi methods. It is concluded that this technique is a reliable alternative to Golgi methods for the study of many hypothalamic regions.
Developmental expression in the mouse nervous system of the p493F12 SAP kinase

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are proline-directed, serine/threonine kinases that respond to a variety of extracellular signals. A subgroup of these kinases, stress-activated protein (SAP) kinases, phosphorylate c-jun in response to cellular stress. Using monoclonal antibody (MAb) 3F12, we have cloned and partially characterized p493F12 kinase, a mouse homologue of the rat SAP beta kinase and described its expression in the adult and developing mouse. Unlike previously reported MAP and SAP kinases, it is primarily expressed as a 2.7 kb transcript in neurons in the nervous system of the adult mouse. A 2.4 kb transcript is also expressed in the testis. Immunocytochemically, MAb 3F12 decorates a loop-like structure encircling the nucleus in the cytoplasm of neurons in the adult brain, and distinct perinuclear dots in the embryos. In situ hybridization first reveals expression in post-mitotic neurons, on embryonic day 11. The mRNA is also expressed in the Neuro-2A neuroblastoma cell line and is not upregulated in response to differentiating agents. The neuronal specificity of this kinase suggests the presence of a signal transduction cascade unique to neurons. As the amino acid sequence is highly conserved in the human and mouse, the latter may serve as a model for regulation and expression of this kinase.
A crosslinguistic study of grammaticality judgments in Broca's aphasia

Crosslinguistic studies of sentence comprehension and production in Broca's aphasia have yielded two complementary findings: (1) grammatical morphology appears to be more impaired than word order principles in every language studied, but (2) the degree to which grammatical morphology is retained by aphasic patients depends upon the "strength" or importance of those morphemes in the patient's premorbid language. In an earlier study comparing violations of word order and agreement, we found that English-speaking Broca's aphasics showed greater sensitivity to errors of ordering than to errors of agreement, providing further evidence for the selective vulnerability of morphology. However, because English is a rigid word order language with a relatively weak inflectional system, it could be argued that word order is resilient to brain damage because it is the strongest source of information in this language. The present study compared the performance of English-speaking Broca's aphasics and normal controls with their Italian counterparts in the same grammaticality judgment experiment. Four predictions relating to our previous work were confirmed. (1) Italian aphasics, like their English-speaking counterparts, showed general preservation of grammatical knowledge and (2) they were able to use this knowledge in an "on-line" fashion. (3) Within each language, Broca's aphasics showed greater impairment in their ability to recognize errors of morphological selection (i.e., agreement) compared with errors made by moving the same words to an incorrect position downstream. Nevertheless (4), crosslinguistic differences observed in previous studies of comprehension and production were also observed in this grammaticality judgment task: a processing advantage for agreement errors in Italian normals and aphasics, and a processing advantage for ordering errors in English normals and aphasics.
Manufacturing – Still a missing link?

Abstract This paper introduces the special issue on “Implementing Operations Strategy for Competitive Advantage.” We initiated the call for papers for this special issue with this question: “How do we identify, promote, and implement transformational initiatives that put into place operational capabilities that provide new sources of firm-level competitive advantage?” Collectively, these papers provide insight into how important operations can be to a company's success, while also reinforcing how important it is for operations to be integrated with other functions, internally, to achieve that success, as well as externally with suppliers. Before introducing the papers included in the forum, the authors provide thoughts on operations strategy research, drawing from the past and looking forward.
Preparation and Testing of Plant Seed Meal-based Wood Adhesives

Recently, the interest in plant seed meal-based products as wood adhesives has steadily increased, as these plant raw materials are considered renewable and environment-friendly. These natural products may serve as alternatives to petroleum-based adhesives to ease environmental and sustainability concerns. This work demonstrates the preparation and testing of the plant seed-based wood adhesives using cottonseed and soy meal as raw materials. In addition to untreated meals, water washed meals and protein isolates are prepared and tested. Adhesive slurries are prepared by mixing a freeze-dried meal product with deionized water (3:25 w/w) for 2 hr. Each adhesive preparation is applied to one end of 2 wood veneer strips using a brush. The tacky adhesive coated areas of the wood veneer strips are lapped and glued by hot-pressing. Adhesive strength is reported as the shear strength of the bonded wood specimen at break. Water resistance of the adhesives is measured by the change in shear strength of the bonded wood specimens at break after water soaking. This protocol allows one to assess plant seed-based agricultural products as suitable candidates for substitution of synthetic-based wood adhesives. Adjustments to the adhesive formulation with or without additives and bonding conditions could optimize their adhesive properties for various practical applications.
A Method for Operating an Iris Loaded RF Separator Structure at Low Momentum

Because iris loaded separator structures can be operated at phase velocities other than c, it is possible to develop "low" momentum RF separated beams using iris loaded deflectors. This report describes a "low" momentum RF beam separator using two iris loaded deflectors. This is accomplished by adjusting the RF phase velocity to be in synchronism with the wanted particles. The wanted particles thus receive large deflections. The unwanted particles, because they undergo large phase slips in passing through the deflector, receive small deflections.
Inhibitors of Ca2+ release from the isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum. II. The effects of dantrolene on Ca2+ release induced by caffeine, Ca2+ and depolarization

The effects of dantrolene, which is a known muscle relaxant, on Ca2+ release from the isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum induced by several different methods [1) addition of caffeine, (2) Ca2+ jump, and (3) membrane-depolarization produced by choline chloride replacement of potassium gluconate) were investigated. Dantrolene inhibited caffeine-induced Ca2+ release with C1/2 = 2.5 microM, whereas there was no effect on Ca2+ release induced by a Ca2+ jump. The amount of Ca2+ released by depolarization was reduced if Ca2+ release was triggered in an earlier phase of the steady state of Ca2+ uptake (time elapsed between the addition of ATP and the triggering of Ca2+ release, tATP less than 4 min); while, if triggered in a latter phase (tATP greater than 4 min) dantrolene enhanced depolarization-induced Ca2+ release. C1/2 for the inhibition and that for enhancement of depolarization-induced Ca2+ release were 1.0 and 0.3 microM, respectively. These results suggest that dantrolene affects several different steps of the mechanism by which Ca2+ release is triggered. The sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-tubule membrane fractions had 7.9 nmol dantrolene-binding sites/mg (Kassoc = 1.0 X 10(5) M-1) and 21.0 nmol/mg (Kassoc = 1.1 X 10(5) M-1), respectively. The time-course of dantrolene binding to sarcoplasmic reticulum was monophasic, while that to T-tubules was biphasic.
Differences in Interaction and Environmental Conditions of Clinic and Non‐Clinic Families: Implications for Counselors

Three members of clinic and non-clinic families were tested to determine if, as a family unit, they were significantly different in terms of interaction and intra-family environmental conditions. Father-mother, father-child, and mother-child interaction was measured. More complementary and symmetrical interaction were reported by members of clinic families while more parallel interaction was reported by non-clinic subjects. Subjects in non-clinic families reported more cohesion, expressiveness, organization, and less conflict than members of clinic families. Implications of these findings are discussed as they apply to counselors
The physics of power interruption-a user's view

The National Grid Company plc (NGC) owns and operates the high voltage electricity transmission system in England and Wales and transmission links with Scotland and France. At present, NGC owns of the order of 700 circuit breakers at 400 kV, 660 at 275 kV and 690 at 132 kV. As a user of high power circuit breakers, NGC has an interest in the physics of power interruption in order to maintain an awareness of operational implications on the use of circuit breakers in the system and to be an informed buyer. (3 pages)
Valsartan ingestions among adults reported to Texas poison control centers, 2000 to 2005.

Introduction Little data exist on potentially adverse valsartan ingestions reported to poison control centers.
Interpretation, Meaning, and Worker Solidarity

This article examines the construction of worker solidarity, using an analysis of two union certification election campaigns at similarly structured hospitals. At one hospital, workers voted overwhelmingly to unionize, while at the other hospital, workers rejected the union by a wide margin. Through the use of qualitative interviews, I explore factors that might account for the different outcomes. By focusing on micromobilization contexts, I unpack the interpretive process through which working class collective histories are understood and inflected with particular subjective meanings. Within these contexts, the dynamic interplay between the conditions of work, past cultural contexts, discourse, and collective action affected the way potential union supporters understood the meaning of the movement, and whether or not the union made sense as a vehicle for change. Workers came to understand the meaning of unionism based on the complex interplay between the structural conditions of the workplace, the cultural constructions of past labor-relations regimes, and the discourse and action of the organizing drive itself.
Benefits of Universal Intervention Effects on a Youth Protective Shield 10 Years After Baseline

Purpose: An earlier randomized controlled study found that a universal, family-focused preventive intervention produced protective shield effects—reduced adolescent exposures to illicit substance opportunities—among adolescents in grade 12. This study examined a follow-up assessment of the sample during young adulthood. Methods: A randomized controlled trial evaluated the Iowa Strengthening Families Program that was implemented in 22 rural schools (N 446 families) when the participants were in grade six. Measures included adolescent exposure to illicit substance use and young adult lifetime substance use (age 21; N 331). Growth curve modeling examined indirect intervention effects through growth factors of adolescent exposure. Results: Findings from this study confirm protective shield effects that mediate long-term reduction of illicit substance use ( .14, p .02, Relative Reduction Rate 28.2%). Conclusions: The benefits of decreasing exposure to substance use during adolescence through universal interventions were supported, with positive effects extending into young adulthood. 2012 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. All rights reserved.
Multiple Hypothesis Testing Based on the Ordinary Least Squares Regression Estimator when there is Heteroscedasticity

Consider the regression model Yi = β0 + β1Xi1 +...+ βpXiP + λ(Xi1,..., Xip)ei, where the function λ is used to model heteroscedasticity. Assume that the ordinary least squares estimator is used. This note addresses the problem of testing H0:βj = 0 for each j (j =1,..., p), with the goal of controlling the probability of at least one Type I error. Based on published results dealing with the special case p = 1, there is an obvious guess regarding a general strategy aimed at accomplishing this goal: use in part a modification of the percentile bootstrap method. This note reports simulation results indicating that a simpler approach performs well for p ≤ 2. In particular, use a basic (unmodified) percentile boot-strap method in conjunction with the Bonferroni inequality.
Moderate deviations and functional LIL for super-Brownian motion

Abstract A moderate deviation principle and a Strassen-type law of the iterated logarithm for the small-time propagation of super-Brownian motion are derived. Moderate deviation estimates which are uniform with respect to the starting point are developed in order to prove the law of the iterated logarithm. Our method also yields a functional central limit theorem.
Geochemistry of early mesozoic basalts from Tunisia

Abstract The Late Triassic-Liassic evaporites of the Tunisian Central Atlas commonly contain fault blocks of layered or brecciated metabasalts and tuffs. The metabasalts show the effects of two alteration episodes: (1) a greenschist-facies, spilitic assemblage composed of albite, chlorite, actinolite, epidote, calcite, quartz and leucoxene; and (2) a later, potassic alteration assemblage composed of potassium-feldspar, sericite, calcite, chlorite, and hematite. The primary assemblage of plagioclase + titanomagnetite + ophitic pyroxene ± olivine can be identified from crystal pseudomorphs and rare, relict crystals. Based on the abundances and interrelations of immobile elements (Ti, P, Y, Zr, Nb, Ni and Cr), the metabasalts are shown to be tholeiitic basalts with slight alkaline tendencies. Based upon these features, their field relations, and the extensive occurrence of Triassic-Liassic tholeiites across the northwest African margin, the Tunisian metabasalts are considered to be remnants of a widespread basalt province associated with the breakup of Pangaea in the Early Jurassic.
Zero Ischemia Anatomical Partial Nephrectomy: A Novel Approach

Purpose: We present a novel concept of zero ischemia anatomical robotic and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.Materials and Methods: Our technique primarily involves anatomical vascular microdissection and preemptive control of tumor specific, tertiary or higher order renal arterial branch(es) using neurosurgical aneurysm micro-bulldog clamps. In 58 consecutive patients the majority (70%) had anatomically complex tumors including central (67%), hilar (26%), completely intrarenal (23%), pT1b (18%) and solitary kidney (7%). Data were prospectively collected and analyzed from an institutional review board approved database.Results: Of 58 cases undergoing zero ischemia robotic (15) or laparoscopic (43) partial nephrectomy, 57 (98%) were completed without hilar clamping. Mean tumor size was 3.2 cm, mean ± SD R.E.N.A.L. score 7.0 ± 1.9, C-index 2.9 ± 2.4, operative time 4.4 hours, blood loss 206 cc and hospital stay 3.9 days. There were no intraoperative complications. Postoperative complications (22.8%) were lo...
Evidence for adiabatic decompression melting in the Southern Mariana Arc from high-Mg lavas and melt inclusions

Unusually magnesian (Mg# ∼76) basalts have been sampled from a small submarine volcano situated on the Mariana arc magmatic front. Total alkalis range from 1.7 to 1.94%, Al2O3 from 9.09 to 10.3% and CaO from 13.9 to 14.09%. These lavas can be classified based on mineralogy as picrite and ankaramite. Olivine-hosted melt inclusions (MIs) have median MgO contents of 17.17–17.86 wt%, 0.35–0.5% TiO2, 42–50% SiO2 and 1.66–3.43% total alkalis, which suggest that the parental magmas were primitive mantle melts. Trace element concentrations for both MIs and lavas are arc-like, although more depleted than most arc lavas. Chlorine (182–334 ppm) and H2O contents (0.11–0.64 wt%) in the MIs are consistent with the estimated median oxygen fugacities (log ΔFMQ of + 1.53–1.66) which lie at the low end of the range estimates for arc basalts and picrites (ΔFMQ = + 1 to + 3). Isotopic compositions of Sr, Nd, Hf and Pb are similar to those of other Mariana arc lavas and indicate derivation from an Indian Ocean mantle domain. The averaged magmatic temperature estimate from several geothermometers was 1,367°C at 1–1.5 GPa. We propose that high-Mg magmagenesis in this region results from the adiabatic decompression melting of relatively anhydrous but metasomatized mantle wedge. This melting is attributed to enhanced upwelling related to unusual tectonics on the over-riding plate related to a tear or other discontinuity on the subducted slab.
Superoxide anion radical modulates the activity of Ras and Ras-related GTPases by a radical-based mechanism similar to that of nitric oxide

Ras GTPases cycle between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states to modulate a diverse array of processes involved in cellular growth control. The activity of Ras is up-regulated by cellular agents, including both protein (guanine nucleotide exchange factors) and redox-active agents (nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion radical ( O 2 · ¯ )). We have recently elucidated the mechanism by which NO promotes guanine nucleotide dissociation of redox-active NKCD motif-containing Ras and Ras-related GTPases. In this study, we show that guanine nucleotide dissociation is enhanced upon exposure of the redox-active GTPases, Ras and Rap1A, to O 2 · ¯ and provide evidence for the efficient guanine nucleotide reassociation in the presence of the radical quenching agent ascorbate to complete guanine nucleotide exchange. In vivo, guanine nucleotide reassociation is necessary to populate Ras in its biologically active GTP-bound form after the dissociation of GDP. We further show that treatment of the redox-active GTPases with O 2 · ¯ releases GDP in form of an unstable the oxygenated GDP adduct, putatively assigned as 5-oxo-GDP. 5-Oxo-GDP was not produced from either the C118S or the F28L Ras variants upon the treatment of O 2 · ¯ , supporting the involvement of residues Cys118 and Phe28 in O 2 · ¯ − mediated Ras guanine nucleotide dissociation. These results indicate that the mechanism of O 2 · ¯ − mediated Ras guanine nucleotide dissociation is similar to that of NO/O2-mediated Ras guanine nucleotide dissociation.
EMS mutant spectra generated by multi-parameter flow cytometry.

The CHO AL cell line contains a single copy of human chromosome 11 that encodes several cell surface proteins including glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) linked CD59 and CD90, as well as CD98, CD44 and CD151 which are not GPI-linked. The flow cytometry mutation assay (FCMA) measures mutations of the CD59 gene by the absence of fluorescence when stained with antibodies against the CD59 cell surface protein. We have measured simultaneous mutations in CD59, CD44, CD90, CD98 and CD151 to generate a mutant spectrum for ionizing radiation. After treatment with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) many cells have an intermediate level of CD59 staining. Single cells were sorted from CD59− regions with varying levels of fluorescence and the resulting clonal populations had a stable phenotype for CD59 expression. Mutant spectra were generated by flow cytometry using the isolated clones and nearly all clones were mutated in CD59 only. Interestingly, about 60% of the CD59 negative clones were actually GPI mutants determined by staining with the GPI specific fluorescently labeled bacterial toxin aerolysin (FLAER). The GPI negative cells are most likely caused by mutations in the X-linked pigA gene important in GPI biosynthesis. Small mutations of pigA and CD59 were expected for the alkylating agent EMS and the resulting spectra are significantly different than the large deletions found when analyzing radiation mutants. After analyzing the CD59− clonal populations we have adjusted the FCMA mutant regions from 1% to 10% of the mean of the CD59 positive peak to include the majority of CD59 mutants.
Estimating the importance of maternal age, size, and spawning experience to recruitment of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Abstract Empirical studies have demonstrated the importance of maternal characteristics to egg and larval viability in Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) and other marine teleosts. The effects of these advantages on total reproductive output of individual fish have not yet been studied. A model of an Atlantic cod population was constructed to determine the contribution of offspring by spawners of different spawning experience. First-, second-, and third-time spawners consisted of cod ages 1–9 years old and experienced spawners consisted of ages 10 and 11. Experienced spawners contributed 10.1–12.4 times more offspring surviving to age 1 than did less experienced spawners. Reproductive efforts by first- and second-time spawners were relatively unimportant. These insights are at odds with traditional maximum sustainable yield based management and lax management, both of which favor a population dominated by young breeders and ignore the large per capita production of recruits by experienced spawners. To be managed for biological survival and commercial viability, northwest Atlantic cod will require legal protection to prevent the harvest of these oldest ages of cod.
Dieulafoy lesion: CT diagnosis of this lesser-known cause of gastrointestinal bleeding.

A Dieulafoy lesion describes a tortuous, submucosal artery in the gastrointestinal tract—most commonly the posterior stomach—that penetrates through the mucosa over time, eventually perforating to cause severe gastrointestinal bleeding. Due to its insidious onset, tendency to cause intermittent but severe bleeding, and difficulty of endoscopic diagnosis, Dieulafoy lesion has a very high mortality rate. Although originally thought not to be a radiologically diagnosable entity, Dieulafoy lesions can be seen at enhanced CT of the abdomen. The purpose of this review is to summarize the pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of Dieulafoy lesions with a focus on diagnostic findings at enhanced CT imaging.
Transplacental transfer of aldosterone and its effects on renal function in the fetal lamb.

Summary: Seven chronically catheterized fetal lambs between 100 and 130 days gestation (term, 140 to 145 days) and five newborn lambs were infused with d-aldosterone monoacetate, 100 μg/kg bolus, and 100 μg/kg over 60 min. Fetal lamb plasma aldosterone levels increased from a mean and S.E. baseline of 4.5 ± 0.3 μg/dl to >100 μg/dl. Maternal plasma aldosterone concentrations increased from 10.2 ± 0.8 to 26.2 ± 2.4 μg/dl after 15 min (P < 0.05) of the infusion. Amniotic fluid levels increased from 13.3 ± 0.8 to 23.8 ± 2.3 μg/dl (P < 0.05) after 15 min of the infusion. There was no change in plasma renin activity levels in the fetus or pregnant ewe. Urine sodium excretion decreased from 0.87 ± 0.09 to 0.34 total mEq (P < 0.05), and urine potassium increased from 0.25 ± 0.06 to 0.38 ± 0.07 total mEq (P < 0.05) between 60 and 90 min after the start of the infusion in the fetal lamb. There was no change in creatinine clearance or urinary sodium and potassium excretion in the newborn lamb. These data show that aldosterone crosses the placenta during the last trimester in the fetal lamb and can control sodium and potassium transport in the distal renal tubule. Lack of distal tubular responsiveness to aldosterone in the newborn is not due to maturational factors. Speculation: Aldosterone can cross the placenta during the last trimester in the sheep, but the fetal adrenal cannot be stimulated. Sodium balance in the fetus is dependent on sodium balance in the mother.
Obesity and Surgical Wound Healing: A Current Review

Objective. The correlation between obesity and deficient wound healing has long been established. This review examines the current literature on the mechanisms involved in obesity-related perioperative morbidity. Methods. A literature search was performed using Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Internet searches. Keywords used include obesity, wound healing, adipose healing, and bariatric and surgical complications. Results. Substantial evidence exists demonstrating that obesity is associated with a number of postoperative complications. Specifically in relation to wound healing, explanations include inherent anatomic features of adipose tissue, vascular insufficiencies, cellular and composition modifications, oxidative stress, alterations in immune mediators, and nutritional deficiencies. Most recently, advances made in the field of gene array have allowed researchers to determine a few plausible alterations and deficiencies in obese individuals that contribute to their increased risk of morbidity and mortality, especially wound complications. Conclusion. While the literature discusses how obesity may negatively affect health on various of medical fronts, there is yet to be a comprehensive study detailing all the mechanisms involved in obesity-related morbidities in their entirety. Improved knowledge and understanding of obesity-induced physiological, cellular, molecular, and chemical changes will facilitate better assessments of surgical risks and outcomes and create efficient treatment protocols for improved patient care of the obese patient population.
Relations between phenotypic aberrations and loss of reproductive integrity in Tradescantia stamen hairs

Cuttings of Tradescantia clone 02 bearing young inflorescences were irradiated with 0·43-MeV neutrons (0·163–24·4 rad). Others were irradiated with 250-kVp X-rays (11·5–432 rad). Stamen hairs were scored in opened flowers up to day 23 postirradiation for hair length (a hair “survivor” ≥ 12 cells long) and the type of somatic aberration or mutation within each hair. Distribution of numbers of cells per hair at various doses for both treatments, for the normal and aberrant hair types, were compared, and survival curves were constructed separately for normal and aberrant hairs. The distribution of hair lengths, and survival curves were used as criteria for measuring loss of reproductive integrity (LRI). Shorter hairs tend to occur in association with a phenotypic aberration, although aberrations can occur also in hairs of normal length. The results suggest that LRI is definitely associated with and possibly caused in part by the same event responsible for the presence of a phenotypic aberration. In aberrant stamen hairs, the surviving fraction is reduced by more than a factor of 2 following irradiation compared to that of normal hairs.
Applications of magnetic resonance imaging to food research

Global food markets are changing in response to consumer demands for more processed foods and higher quality foods. Consumers find processed foods convenient, less prone to spoilage, more portable, nutritionally efficient, and more consistent in quality level than fresh foods. These demands have resulted in food producers working to develop new types of foods and reformulate standard types of foods. A typical type of reformulation would be a reduced-calorie food or an all-natural food product. The characterization of food processes and products is most often accomplished through the use of averaged measurements. An averaged measurement provides a characterization of the process or product with a single value of one variable measured at a specific time. For example, the average moisture content of a food during drying or the shear viscosity of an emulsion at one temperature and one shear rate. Averaged measurements are useful in characterizing a given process and are in many cases sufficient for process design or product development. However, these single point measurements do not provide significant information on the phenomena responsible for controlling product properties during processing or storage. More information on the physical and chemical processes controlling or influencing process performance and product quality should result in both improved production efficiency, improved product quality, and novel products. Magnetic resonance imaging provides new methods and approaches to investigate and quantify the attributes of products as they vary in time and location within the product. The attributes that can be quantified range from the composition of a material (moisture content, fat content), to physical structure and to derived characterizations like the shear-stress shear-rate relationship in fluids.
Turbulence control as a factor in improving visualization during subacromial shoulder arthroscopy

Bleeding in the subacromial space is an annoying but ever-present impediment to visualization during arthroscopic subacromial procedures. Direct (thermal electrocautery) and indirect (hypotensive anesthesia, arthroscopic pump) means of bleeding control have been used with varying degrees of success. However, the simplest technique of all has been ignored until now. Application of Bernoulli's Principle to achieve turbulence control by means of digital pressure over a leaking portal can quickly and easily enhance visualization.
SYMBOLIC ANALYSIS OF LINEAR QUADRATIC CONTROL NUMERATOR AND DENOMINATOR FACTORS

This paper introduces a new method to uncover functional relationships between design parameters of a contemporary control design technique and the resulting closed-loop properties. The method generates such relationships through analytical expressions and is based on order of magnitude analysis. Efforts concentrated on the linear-quadratic state-feedback control-design technique applied to an aeroelastic flight control task. By applying an order of magnitude analysis to the basic system parameters, the Riccati equation can be reduced to a set of simple approximate equations which can be solved in closed-form. After forming the closed-loop transfer function polynomials from the vehicle state-space matrices and the gain matrix, another order of magnitude simplification is considered to analytically factor these polynomials, in an approximate sense. The technique has yielded expressions which are amendable for understanding relationships and still provide sufficient accuracy.
Increased risk of placenta previa associated with prior cesarean delivery

Abstract Objective: To examine the relationship between prior cesarean delivery and placenta previa. Methods: A hospital-based case–control study was conducted in which 430 cases of placenta previa were identified. Controls consisted of 3,584 women with normal spontaneous vaginal deliveries. A logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between prior cesarean delivery and placenta previa, after demographic variables, lifestyle characteristics, and prior pregnancy history were controlled for. Results: Women with a prior cesarean delivery were more likely to have a placenta previa than women without prior cesarean delivery (OR = 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27, 2.15). In addition, we found that a woman’s risk of placenta previa increased as her number of cesarean deliveries increased. The risk of placenta previa for women with a single cesarean delivery was not significantly elevated when adjusting for known risk factors (OR = 1.21, 95% CI .87, 1.68). However, women with two prior cesarean deliveries were more likely to have a pregnancy complicated by placenta previa (OR = 2.65, 95% CI 1.71, 4.11) and women with three or more prior cesarean deliveries were even more likely to have a placenta previa (OR = 4.40, CI 1.37,14.20). Conclusion: This study supports the association between placenta previa and prior cesarean delivery.
History of the germ cells in Sphaerium striatinum (Lam.)

Study of living and sectioned material throughout the life cycle shows the germ-cell history from fertilized egg to sexual maturity. This can be divided into the following five periods with definite limits: Original appearance during cleavage, period of inactivity, period of multiplication, maturation, and fertilization. Primordial germ cells of characteristic structure can be recognized just before gastrulation, when there is one large germ cell in the mass of mesoderm on either side of the blastocoel. After one division in each of these two cells, the four daughter cells remain inactive, while the remainder of the mesoderm differentiates, until division is resumed in the developing gonad. An indefinite number of gametes is produced. All are direct descendants of the two original primordial germ cells. Transformation of somatic cells into germ cells does not occur nor do germ cells become somatic cells. Cell lineage shows the two primordial germ cells to be derived from the third division of the paired mesoderm cells which have arisen by an equal division of the fourth micromere produced by cell D of the four-cell stage. Details of meiosis have not been ascertained, because of the small size of the chromosomes, their large number, and the difficulty of fixation. Nothing forecasts which primordial germ cells will become ova and which spermatozoa.
Are there two types of diabetic foot ulcers

Neurological function was determined in diabetic patients with peripheral vascular disease and foot ulcers (n = 13). This was compared to that of diabetic patients without foot ulcers with (n = 23) and without (n = 13) symptoms of neuropathy. Diabetic patients with typical neuropathic ulcers (n = 13) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 20) were also studied. The beat-to-beat variation with deep breathing was 6.1 +/- 1.0 beats/min in those with peripheral vascular disease and foot ulcers, less than 50% of that of diabetic patients without foot ulcers (p < 0.01) or normal controls (p < 0.005). Autonomic surface potentials in the soles were greatly diminished or absent in nearly all the patients with peripheral vascular disease and ulcers. Quantitative sensory testing revealed profound abnormalities in small fiber (heat and cold sensation) and large fiber (vibration sensation) function in diabetic patients with peripheral vascular disease and foot ulcers. Our results document the presence of advanced autonomic and somatosensory neuropathy in nearly all diabetic patients with peripheral vascular disease and foot ulcers.
A Combinatorial Role of Angiopoietin-1 and Orphan Receptor TIE1 Pathways in Establishing Vascular Polarity during Angiogenesis

Abstract Vascular polarity is a fundamental feature of angiogenesis and left–right asymmetry of the vascular network. Contrary to this importance, the molecular basis of vascular polarity is completely unknown. In this report, we show that the combinatorial function of angiopoietin-1 and the orphan receptor TIE1 is critical specifically for the development of the right-hand side venous system but is dispensable for the left-hand side venous system. Furthermore, our current finding reveals the existence of a distinct genetic program for the establishment of the right-hand side and left-hand side vascular networks well before the network asymmetry becomes morphologically discernible.
Oligomerization of ethylene to branched alkenes using neutral phosphinosulfonamide nickel(II) complexes

A series of neutral phosphinosulfonamide complexes of nickel(II) were synthesized that catalyzed the oligomerization of ethylene to branched oligomers with average degrees of polymerization between 10 and 35. Branching numbers varied from 17 to 80 branches per 1000 carbons, depending on the catalyst structure and reaction conditions. The catalysts were active in a variety of solvents, including toluene, CH2Cl2, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, and methanol, but showed decreasing activity at temperatures higher than 40 °C. Electron-rich phosphinosulfonamides produced the highest catalyst activities in a series of structure–reactivity studies. The mechanism of oligomer formation was investigated with 1H NMR spectroscopy, which indicated that branching arose from the isomerization of the nickel alkyl species during propagation rather than the reincorporation of α-olefin products. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 4627–4640, 2000
Heparin is not metabolized by the perfused rat liver.

AbstractThe role of the liver in metabolism of heparin was studied using the isolated rat liver perfused in vitro for 10 hr. Porcine intestinal heparin (1000 u) was added to the recirculating liver perfusate, and serial heparin measurements were performed on the liver perfusate every 2 hr, as well as on bile samples secreted by the perfused liver. Heparin concentration remained at a constant level throughout the 10 hr of perfusion, and there was no detectable heparin secreted into bile samples. The findings suggest that hepatic metabolism/clearance plays a minimal role in heparin kinetics in plasma.
Simulating lossy interconnect with high frequency nonidealities in linear time

A linear time simulation technique is described in which each impulse response of frequency-varying lines is decomposed into two terms, with widely separated rates of decay. One term corresponds to a simple lossy line while the other represents the contribution of the high frequency nonideality. The latter term can decay to insignificant levels in an interval much shorter than simulation times of interest, making truncation possible and leading to computation in linear time. The former term usually decays over much longer intervals, so truncation is not generally feasible. However, this term is also computed in linear time by a recursive procedure that involves no approximation of impulse responses. Experimental results verified the linear complexity of the new technique and demonstrated the computational advantage for simulations of five or more cycles, with speedups of more than 10 times for long simulations. >
Style as mechanism: from man to a map of the interval and back

Human subjects performed a set of mouse-driven computer tasks that required them to `remove dots from the screen' under fast and slow dot return (redraw) conditions. The binary partition of the 1D phase space generated a shift map, (sigma) , on two symbols. Assuming this sequence to be the symbolic dynamic product of a parametrized, symmetric tent map, the parity sequence associated with (sigma) was used in an inverse autoexpansion to recover the tent height parameter, (mu) , with 1 <EQ (mu) <EQ 2. We obtained a single convergent (mu) value for most subject sequences. In the case of T(mu) (X), the topological entropy is equal to the height of the tent, hT equals (mu) , and is monotonic increasing with respect to (mu) . We, therefore, may order the subjects (with convergent (mu) 's) in terms of the orbital complexity made available to them by their associated (mu) equals hT values. The distribution of (mu) 's in the sample could not be distinguished from a normal distribution. Linear multiple regression models (with higher order terms) were built, significantly relating (mu) f (fast redraw), (mu) s (slow redraw), and (mu) d equals ((mu) f - (mu) s) to established quantitative personality variables. The subject-map equivalence used here also allows the extension of sample lengths (unavailable in the experimental setting) in self-initiated tasks with widely differing N, while preserving topological properties of the subjects' performance.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Excitons of composite fermions.

The low-energy excitations of filled Landau levels (LL's) of electrons involve promotion of a single electron from the topmost filled LL to the lowest empty LL. These are called excitons or collective modes. The incompressible fractional quantum Hall states are understood as filled LL's of composite fermions, and the low-energy neutral excitations are excitons of composite fermions. Techniques are developed to study large systems, which provide detailed information about the dispersions of the composite fermion excitons. In particular, it is found that the interaction energy of the exciton is well described by the ``unprojected'' composite fermion theory. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Left Atrial Pressure Pulses in the Presence of Myxoma

Findings of transbronchial left heart catheterization in the presence of an atrial myxoma and a normal mitral valve are presented. The genesis and possible significance of unusual differences in contour between high and low left atrial pressure pulses are discussed.
The qualitative study of media audiences

The growth of qualitative audience studies has resulted in a greater understanding of the practices and meanings of media use. This article reviews the development of this approach during the past decade. Five styles of qualitative audience inquiry have emerged: social phenomenological, communication rules, cultural studies, reception study, and feminist research. Problematic aspects of this work, as well as potential future directions, are discussed.
Colon carcinoma cells with inactive nm23 show increased motility and response to motility factors

nm23H1 has properties of a metastasis suppressor gene. Although its mechanism of action is unknown, nm23 has been implicated in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) signal transduction. In an earlier study we decreased nm23 mRNA levels 2- to 8-fold by antisense phosphorothiolated oligonucleotides in two HT29 colon carcinoma sublines at different stages in tumor progression with different responses to TGF beta 1: the HD3 subline, which shows TGF beta 1-induced growth arrest and differentiation; and the more tumorigenic U9 subline, whose growth and invasion are stimulated by TGF beta 1. Only TGF beta 1-mediated responses in HD3 cells were inhibited by nm23 antisense oligos, suggesting that nm23 functions in only one TGF beta 1 signaling pathway. In the current report we have extended this study to cell motility. HD3 motility was increased by nm23 phosphorothiolated antisense oligos which decrease nm23 mRNA levels, while HD3 cell motility was conversely decreased by TGF beta 1 which increases nm23 mRNA levels. HD3 motility was not increased by basic FGF, TGF beta 1 or TGF alpha, while the 13-fold higher basal motility of U9 cells was stimulated 3-fold by basic FGF, 4-fold by TGF beta 1 and 5-fold by TGF alpha, but not by scatter factor. Differences in motility and response to motility factors could not be ascribed to differences in either basal levels of proteases or modulation of their levels by TGF beta 1. Both HD3 and U9 cells displayed equal levels of urokinase activity and mRNA, equal expression of the metalloproteinase inhibitor TIMP-1, and no detectable collagenases by zymography. No differential response to TGF beta 1 was seen in any of these assays. Thus limited cell motility and lack of response to motility factors in HD3 colon cancer cells could be correlated with expression of nm23 active in signal transduction.
Simultaneous detection of apoptosis and mitochondrial superoxide production in live cells by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy.

Annexin V and Sytox Green are widely used markers to evaluate apoptosis in various cell types using flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. Recently, a novel fluoroprobe MitoSOX Red was introduced for selective detection of superoxide in the mitochondria of live cells and was validated for confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. This protocol describes simultaneous measurements of mitochondrial superoxide generation with apoptotic markers (Annexin V and Sytox Green) by both flow cytometry and confocal microscopy in endothelial cell lines. The advantages of the described flow cytometry method over other cell-based techniques are the tremendous speed (1–2 h), exquisite precision and the possibility of simultaneous quantitative measurements of mitochondrial superoxide generation and apoptotic (and other) markers, with maximal preservation of cellular functions. This method combined with fluorescent microscopy may be very useful to reveal important spatial–temporal changes in mitochondrial superoxide production and execution of programmed cell death in virtually any cell type.
Oxidation of volatile organic compounds on a Ag/Al2O3 catalyst

Abstract Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and oxidation (TPO) were used to study decomposition and oxidation of methanol, ethanol, acetaldehyde, formic acid, and acetic acid on an Ag/Al 2 O 3 catalyst. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were adsorbed on the alumina support. Silver was inactive for decomposition of adsorbed VOCs; all dehydration and dehydrogenation products evolved from reaction on the Al 2 O 3 support during TPD. Silver was active for oxidation of VOCs during TPO, however, and a portion of the VOCs reacted on Al 2 O 3 sites in parallel. Adsorbed VOCs reacted at silver sites with adsorbed oxygen; oxygen was supplied to silver sites from the gas phase, and surface diffusion on Al 2 O 3 transported adsorbed VOCs to the silver sites. Adsorbed oxygen also activated neighboring silver sites for alcohol dehydrogenation in parallel with oxidation. Dehydrogenation was not observed for the aldehyde and acids.
Combined modality therapy of gynecologic cancer

In the treatment of gynecologic malignancies, various combinations of surgery, drugs, and radiation therapy are used with increasing frequency. An examination is made of data dealing with combined modalities in the treatment of tumors of the cervix, endometrium, and ovary. Although the efficacy of such treatments has not been established, they are increasingly popular. Newer studies now being conducted, together with newer drugs employed in combination with radiation therapy and surgery, can result in the benefits which to date have not been realized.
Activation of Cellular Onc (C-ONC) Genes: A Common Pathway for Oncogenesis

Retroviruses can be classified into two groups: those that contain oncogenes, and those that do not (for reviews, see refs. 1–5). Members of the first group (acute, or rapidly transforming retroviruses) induce neoplastic disease in infected animals within a few weeks after infection, and cause rapid transformation of target cells in tissue culture. Viruses of the second group (slowly transforming retroviruses), which lack oncogenes, induce neoplastic disease in animals only after a long latent period (4–12 months), and do not cause transformation of tissue culture cells at detectable frequency.