cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Classical T Tauri Star Sz 68: Doppler Imaging and Evidence for Magnetospheric Accretion*

We have Doppler imaged the surface of the classical T Tauri star Sz 68, both under the assumption of solid-body rotation as well as allowing for differential rotation. Assuming solid-body rotation, we find evidence for a large, cool, polar spot similar to those found on previously imaged naked T Tauri stars. Allowing for substantial levels of antisolar differential rotation in the image reconstruction causes the bulk of the polar spot to disappear, although several small spots remain at latitude +60°. Checks between the various lines marginally favor the solid-body rotation case. We examine the potential influence of accretion hot spots on the line profiles in Sz 68, concluding that we are unable to resolve these structures in our Doppler image of the star. We also examine the Hα and Na I line profiles in this star and compare their variations to the stellar surface image. We conclude that the Hα line is formed primarily in an accretion flow, and we find strong evidence that this accretion flow is modulated by the stellar rotation. These results are most easily interpreted within the framework of magnetospheric accretion models for classical T Tauri stars. The phasing of accretion as traced by redshifted absorption in the Hα line profile compared with the stellar surface image strongly suggests a dipole magnetic field inclined by approximately 15° with the rotation axis in this star.
Using Forelimb EMG to Control an Electronic Spinal Bridge to Facilitate Hindlimb Stepping After Complete Spinal Cord Lesion

A complete spinal cord transection results in loss of all supraspinal motor control below the level of the injury. The neural circuitry in the lumbosacral spinal cord, however, can generate locomotor patterns in the hindlimbs of rats and cats with the aid of epidural stimulation and administration of serotoninergic agonists. We hypothesized that there are patterns of EMG signals from the forelimbs during quadrupedal locomotion that uniquely represent a signal for the “intent” to step with the hindlimbs. These observations led us to determine whether “indirect” volitional control of stepping can be restored after a complete spinal cord injury. We developed an electronic bridge that can trigger specific patterns of EMG activity from the forelimbs to enable quadrupedal stepping after a complete spinal cord transection in rats. We found dominant frequencies of 180–220 Hz in the EMG of forelimb muscles during active periods, whereas the frequencies were between 0–10 Hz when the muscles were inactive. A moving window detection algorithm was implemented in a small microprocessor to detect bilateral activity in the biceps brachii that then was used to initiate and terminate epidural stimulation. This detection algorithm was successful in detecting stepping under different pharmacological conditions and at various treadmill speeds and in facilitating quadrupedal stepping after a complete mid-thoracic spinal cord transection.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Upper washita river experimental watersheds: land cover data sets (1974-2007) for two southwestern oklahoma agricultural watersheds.

Land cover data sets were developed for 1997, 1999, 2003, 2005, 2006, and 2007 for the Little Washita River and Fort Cobb Reservoir experimental watersheds (LWREW and FCREW respectively), located in southwestern Oklahoma, to support remote sensing based studies of soil water content. A previously unpublished retrospective land cover analysis covering the years 1974, 1981, 1985, 1989, and 1994 was conducted to complement these data sets to gain a sense of the dynamics of land cover in both the LWREW and FCREW over the 33 yr. Each of these studies used satellite-based sensors of various spatial, radiometric, and spectral resolutions, but the number of images used, image date, and thods used to analyze the images varied from study to study. Our purpose was to document the details of the retrospective land cover study, to compare land cover between watersheds with time, and to compare findings from the various studies to elucidate changes or trends in land cover in each watershed during the 33 yr the data sets represent. Information on how to access to the data sets is also given. The LWREW was a grassland watershed that changed little during the study period. The FCREW was divided between grassland and cropland, but the cropland portion exhibited dynamic behavior that appeared correlated with peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) price supports and Conservation Reserve programs. Dynamic land use information coupled with information concerning conservation practices will enhance assessment of conservation practice effectiveness as well as improve modeling of the fate and transport of chemicals and nutrients in watersheds.
Differentiation in acanthamoeba: Glycogen levels and glycogen synthetase activity during encystment

Abstract 1. 1. When cells of Acanthamoeba castellanii (Neff) are placed on a salts medium the amoebas encyst over a period of about 30 h with the formation of a cellulose-containing cyst wall 1 . The amoebas contain a material which is presumably glycogen because this material and liver glycogen give the same products when incubated with α- and β-amylases. During the first 4 h of encystment, cellular glycogen levels decreased to between one half or one third of that found in amoeboid cells and subsequently decreased to 10–20% of the original values. 2. 2. Cell-free extracts of amoebas contained a synthetase which catalyzed the incorporation of glucose from UDP-[ 14 C]glucose into glycogen. CDP-glucose, CDP-glucose, GDP-glucose and ADP-glucose were less effective than UDP-glucose as substrates. The reaction required a glycogen primer and was highly sensitive to the presence of glucose 6-phosphate. 3. 3. The specific activity of the glycogen synthetase in extracts prepared from Acanthamoeba populations at different times of encystment was observed to increased during the first 4–8 h followed by a decrease to values below that found in the initial extracts. The results suggest that the decrease in cellular glycogen levels during the first 4 h of encystment do not involve a diminished capacity of the cells for glycogen synthesis due to a decrease in the activity of the synthetase.
Identification of the wheat curl mite as the vector of the High Plains virus of corn and wheat

ABSTRACT Wheat with virus-like symptoms (extracts containing a 33-kDa protein in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, negative in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to wheat streak mosaic virus, and not infectious in a backassay to other wheat) reacted positively to antiserum made against a protein purified from symptomatic corn infected with the High Plains virus (HPV), indicating a serological relationship between the corn and wheat pathogens. The wheat curl mite (WCM, Aceria tosichella Keifer) was identified as the vector of the virus and caused persistent infection of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in greenhouse experiments. The HPV was recovered in the field from naturally infected wheat where the number of HPV-infected plants decreased with increasing distance from the WCM source in volunteer wheat.
Heuristic Minimization of BDDs Using Don't Cares

We present heuristic algorithms for finding a minimum BDD size cover of an incompletely specified function, assuming the variable ordering is fixed. In some algorithms based on BDDs, incompletely specified functions arise forwhich any cover of the functionwill suffice. Choosing a cover that has a small BDD representation may yield significant performance gains. We present a systematic study of this problem, establishing a unified framework for heuristic algorithms, proving optimality in some cases,and presenting experimental results.
Tourist-resident interfaces: using reflexive photography to develop responsible rural tourism in Indonesia.

This study examines how Indonesia can responsibly develop rural tourism within the tolerance range of local people, particularly for controlling their unique landscapes. It employs reflexive photography as a tool to involve residents for rural tourism development in Sambi village. Data were collected in Sambi using reflexive photography procedures, including a photo-making process and photo-interview. Twenty-eight residents were issued a single-use camera and requested to take photographs of what they deemed important to them. Cameras were provided for a two-week period followed by individual interviews; 618 useable photos were taken. They were coded into 15 topics, and then consolidated into five themes that residents wanted to share: their way of life, environmental features, built structures, people, art and ceremony, while also protecting the cemetery and mosque from tourists. Two strategies (time and space) were utilized by the residents to negotiate what they wanted to share as well as conceal. Resi...
Modeling of Alkane Emissions from a Wood Stain

Full-scale residential house tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of organic emissions from a wood finishing product – wood stain – on indoor air quality (IAQ). The test house concentrations of three alkane species, nonane, decane, and undecane, were measured as a function of time after the application of the wood stain. It was found that the test house concentrations can be simulated by an integrated IAQ model which takes into consideration source, sink and ventilation effects. The alkane emissions were controlled by an evaporation-like process. Data analysis indicated that there were significant sink effects in the test house. Different sink strengths were estimated by the model for the three alkane species. An inverse relationship between the test house sink strength and the alkane volatility was found.
Using educational placement in third grade to select and validate a preschool screening measure

The early detection of children with mild learning problems remains a problem. New screening tests are being developed that will be more effective in identifying children who fall into this “difficult to identify” group. This study examined the predictive validity of one potential screening test. The scores of 268 children on each task of a nine-task preschool cognitive battery were evaluated in terms of the accuracy with which they predicted the classification of those same children into regular education (n = 254) or special education (n = 14) 4 years later when the children were in third grade. A classification accuracy level of 79% was achieved for the exceptional children, and a classification level of 70% for the normally achieving children. Racial/ethnic status, testing language, and socioeconomic status all impacted the children's screening performance. Lower screening scores and a greater proportion of the sample with scores below the cut were associated with minority status, not being tested in English, and lower socioeconomic status. Preschool testing in Spanish or both English and Spanish was associated with poorer achievement 4 years later. Many of the children not in special education, but with a screening score below 13, had serious academic problems in third grade that were reflected in their low percentile scores on one or more subtests of the Stanford Achievement Test. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 40: 565–582, 2003.
Interactive video lessons for electromagnetic education

With the availability of a large number of software packages for electromagnetic EM education through the national Computer Applications in Electromagnetic Education CAEME Center [1] and other individual efforts, there have been some concerns regarding the ability to integrate this software effectively in routine classroom teaching. Basically, congested EM curricula do not provide instructors with sufficient time to include software demonstrations and simulations during class periods. It is also not clear whether students will be able, adequately and independently, to understand basic underlying concepts and physical phenomena from visualization of colorful graphics and from the output of performed simulations. To help integrate available EM software in classroom teaching for both instructor use and student independent study, CAEME developed three interactive video lessons for student instruction. Interactive media lessons integrate and allow individuals to interactively manipulate information from multimedia such as video, software, and animated graphics, and also include instructional information such as quizzes and tutorials. In this article, we present the features of three interactive video lessons in EM developed by CAEME. These lessons include tutorials, simulations from CAEME software and videos, and quizzes to evaluate student understanding. The lessons use animated graphics illustrating specific dynamic phenomena and specific measurement procedures. They also keep a record of student quiz scores for instructor use. These, as well as other features of the three developed interactive video lessons, and the software and hardware requirements for developing such lessons, will be described.
APPROXIMATE NONEQUILIBRIUM AIR IONIZATION IN HYPERSONIC FLOWS OVER SHARP CONES

Abstract : A simplified chemical kinetic model is proposed for the thermal ionization of air, permitting approximate closed form solutions for the electron distribution in the inviscid flow field and boundary layer of sharp cones. As long as the gas is still far out of equilibrium and the frozen temperature distribution remains valid, the electron density per unit pressure is found to vary with the similarity parameter, confirming binary scaling. An extreme dependence of electron density on cone angle and length is found. A comparison is presented with the more exact calculations of other investigators to assess the range of validity of the approximate theory. (Author)
1.4.4 Risk/Decision Analysis for Trade Studies

This paper relates the top-down, iterative design process of systems engineering to key elements of decision analysis to show how decision analysis concepts can be used to enhance decision making by systems engineers. We begin by reviewing the systems engineering process: requirements, operational concept, system boundaries, and functional, physical and operational architectures. We then discuss requirements as objectives and constraints. Next we introduce the decision analysis concepts of fundamental objectives and the fundamental objectives hierarchy. These ideas are related to the traditional concepts of measures of effectiveness (MOEs) and measures of performance (MOPs). We then describe influence diagrams and show how the choice of operational architectures and the associated requirements allocation can be addressed with influence diagrams. We discuss how the fundamental objectives and objectives hierarchy change as the iterative design process proceeds to greater and greater detail. The analogy is drawn between physical interfaces between components of the design and the requirements allocation decision interface between layers of design detail.
Parallel Online Spatial and Temporal Aggregations on Multi-core CPUs and Many-Core GPUs

Abstract With the increasing availability of locating and navigation technologies on portable wireless devices, huge amounts of location data are being captured at ever growing rates. Spatial and temporal aggregations in an Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) setting for the large-scale ubiquitous urban sensing data play an important role in understanding urban dynamics and facilitating decision making. Unfortunately, existing spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal OLAP techniques are mostly based on traditional computing frameworks, i.e., disk-resident systems on uniprocessors based on serial algorithms, which makes them incapable of handling large-scale data on parallel hardware architectures that have already been equipped with commodity computers. In this study, we report our designs, implementations and experiments on developing a data management platform and a set of parallel techniques to support high-performance online spatial and temporal aggregations on multi-core CPUs and many-core Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). Our experiment results show that we are able to spatially associate nearly 170 million taxi pickup location points with their nearest street segments among 147,011 candidates in about 5–25 s on both an Nvidia Quadro 6000 GPU device and dual Intel Xeon E5405 quad-core CPUs when their Vector Processing Units (VPUs) are utilized for computing intensive tasks. After spatially associating points with road segments, spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal aggregations are reduced to relational aggregations and can be processed in the order of a fraction of a second on both GPUs and multi-core CPUs. In addition to demonstrating the feasibility of building a high-performance OLAP system for processing large-scale taxi trip data for real-time, interactive data explorations, our work also opens the paths to achieving even higher OLAP query efficiency for large-scale applications through integrating domain-specific data management platforms, novel parallel data structures and algorithm designs, and hardware architecture friendly implementations.
On the semi-parametric efficiency of logistic regression under case-control sampling

Using modern theory for semi-parametric models, we provide details for an argument of Robins et al. showing efficiency of the standard logistic regression estimator applied to data from case-control studies. Our elaboration of this argument, and of a related one by Bickel et al., includes a constructive new proof of the result.
Pixel level control of the Epson LCTV

Liquid crystal televisions have become increasingly popular as low cost spatial light modulators. While the early devices suffered from poor resolution and low contrast, recent models compare favorably to the more traditional (and expensive) modulators. Most of the LCTVs are addressed through an RF interface to the external antenna or through a direct video input. This is a convenient interface for an input plane spatial light modulator where the scene information is provided by a video camera. Filters, however, are generally computer generated and the conversion to video can sometimes be an awkward step. A new drive circuit for the Epson Crystal Image video projector is currently under development at the U.S. Army Missile Command which allows pixel level control of the liquid crystal sandwich. This paper will discuss the proposed circuit designed to allow pixel by pixel control of the LCTV.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Sexual Activity and Ischemic Heart Disease

Human sexuality is an important aspect of health and quality of life. Many patients with ischemic heart disease – and their partners – are concerned that sexual activity could exacerbate their cardiac condition, possibly causing myocardial infarction or cardiac death. Patients with ischemic heart disease who wish to initiate or resume sexual activity should be evaluated with a thorough medical history and physical examination. Sexual activity is reasonable for individuals with no or mild angina and those who can exercise ≥3-5 METS without angina, excessive dyspnea, or ischemic ST segment changes. For the patient who is considered not be at low cardiovascular (CV) risk or in whom the CV risk is unknown, an exercise stress test is reasonable in order to determine his or her exercise capacity and to ascertain if symptoms or ischemia may occur. Regular exercise and cardiac rehabilitation can be effective in reducing the risk of CV complications associated with sexual activity for the patient with ischemic heart disease.
Social Life in Cultures: Judgments, Conflict, and Subversion

We present a developmentally grounded perspective on the study of social life in cultures that examines the sources of the coexistence of sociability and opposition, harmony and conflict, acceptance and critique. The coexistence of these elements, it is proposed, is systematically connected both to the development of distinct domains of thought and to the dynamics of participation in more and less hierarchical social relationships in society.
A graph theoretic approach for design and synthesis of multiplierless FIR filters

We present a novel approach which can be used to obtain multiplierless implementations of finite impulse response (FIR) digital filters. The main idea is to reorder filter coefficients such that an implementation based on differential coefficients requires only a few adders. We represent this problem using a graph in which vertices represent the coefficients and edges represent the resources required when the differential coefficient corresponding to the edge is used in a computation. We also present a graph model for an implementation based on second-order coefficient differences. The optimal solution to the coefficient reordering problem is the well known problem of finding the Hamiltonian path of smallest weight in this graph. We use two approaches to find the smallest weight Hamiltonian cycle; a greedy approach, and the heuristic algorithm proposed by Lin and Kernighan. The power and potential of this approach is demonstrated by presenting results for large filters (lengths up to >300) which show that, in general, for 18-bit coefficients, the total number of adders required per coefficient is less than 2. Hence, high performance and/or low power filters can be designed and synthesized using the proposed approach.
Teaching braille letters, numerals, punctuation, and contractions to sighted individuals

Braille-character recognition is one of the foundational skills required for teachers of braille. Prior research has evaluated computer programming for teaching braille-to-print letter relations (e.g., Scheithauer & Tiger, 2012). In the current study, we developed a program (the Visual Braille Trainer) to teach not only letters but also numerals, punctuation, symbols, and contractions; we evaluated this program with 4 sighted undergraduate participants. Exposure to this program resulted in mastery of all braille-to-print relations for each participant.
Reproduction in the Island Beach Vole, Microtus breweri, and the Mainland Meadow Vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus, in Southeastern Massachusetts

The beach vole, Microtus breweri , was trapped monthly on Muskeget Island, Massachusetts, from May 1972 until June 1975. Populations of the meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus , were trapped in Barnstable and Middleborough counties, Massachusetts, during the same time. Three of the four meadow vole populations showed typical cycles, whereas the beach vole showed only annual changes in density. The beach vole had a sex ratio weighted towards males (1.2 : 1), whereas the meadow vole showed a 1:1 sex ratio. Microtus pennsylvanicus , as compared to M. breweri , had a larger litter size (4.5 versus 3.4), a higher pregnancy rate (0.60 versus 0.46), winter pregnancy, a 30 percent lower weight at sexual maturity, and lower pre-implantation (0.3 ova versus 0.5) and post-implantation (0.1 embryos versus 0.3) mortality. These parameters, plus the sex ratio, indicate that M. breweri is K-selected. This is a result of their remaining at high densities virtually all the time.
Temperature dependence of the giant dipole resonance width in 208Pb

Abstract The evolution of the giant dipole resonance (GDR) in hot 208Pb nuclei was studied by measuring high energy γ-rays from the decay of the resonance built on excited states. Nuclei in the excitation energy range of 40–110 MeV were populated by inelastic scattering of 40 MeV/nucleon α-particles. The GDR width was observed to increase systematically from 4 MeV at the ground state to ∼8 MeV at the highest excitation energy.
On History and Geography and their ‘Bastard’ Child Historical Geography, and on its Relationship to Géohistoire and to Geographical History

History and geography offer different but complementary ways of looking at the world. Historical geography has been referred to negatively as the 'bastard' child produced by the union of history and geography but I argue more positively that the intimate relations of history and geography have resulted in an entirely legitimate and robust hybrid whose strength lies in its diverse but coherent approaches to past geographies. Within past geographies can be identified historical geographies of distributions and diffusions, historical environmental geographies, historical landscape geographies, and historical regional geographies. These comprise the principal members of the family of historical geography. But some of them have been given different names at different periods and in different places, and some of them appear to have produced their own offspring. This paper considers the role of geohistory and of geographical history within this extended family of history and geography.
Effect of Cholesterol Feeding on Circadian Rhythm of Hepatic and Intestinal Cholesterol Biosynthesis in Hamsters

SummaryForty-eight adult hamsters were divided equally into two groups fed a control diet and a 2% cholesterol diet, respectively, under a rigid lighting (6 pm-6 am) and feeding (6 pm-8 am) schedule for three weeks. The cholesterol synthetic activity of the liver, stomach, small intestine, cecum, colon and kidney was measured by in vivo conversion of acetate-1-14C to cholesterol in four animals each time at 4 hour intervals. A remarkable circadian rhythm with the peak at midnight and the nadir at noon was found in the liver of the control hamsters, but was completely abolished in the cholesterol-fed animals since the activity was nearly totally suppressed at all times. The small intestine exhibited a similar rhythm with the peak at midnight but maintained a high baseline activity from 8 am to 6 pm. Cholesterol feeding did not alter the baseline activity but reduced 17% of the peak activity. Other organs failed to show such a circadian rhythm.
Spectroscopic and computational investigation of iron(III) cysteine dioxygenase: implications for the nature of the putative superoxo-Fe(III) intermediate.

Cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) is a mononuclear, non-heme iron-dependent enzyme that converts exogenous cysteine (Cys) to cysteine sulfinic acid using molecular oxygen. Although the complete catalytic mechanism is not yet known, several recent reports presented evidence for an Fe(III)-superoxo reaction intermediate. In this work, we have utilized spectroscopic and computational methods to investigate the as-isolated forms of CDO, as well as Cys-bound Fe(III)CDO, both in the absence and presence of azide (a mimic of superoxide). An analysis of our electronic absorption, magnetic circular dichroism, and electron paramagnetic resonance data of the azide-treated as-isolated forms of CDO within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) computations reveals that azide coordinates directly to the Fe(III), but not the Fe(II) center. An analogous analysis carried out for Cys-Fe(III)CDO provides compelling evidence that at physiological pH, the iron center is six coordinate, with hydroxide occupying the sixth coordination site. Upon incubation of this species with azide, the majority of the active sites retain hydroxide at the iron center. Nonetheless, a modest perturbation of the electronic structure of the Fe(III) center is observed, indicating that azide ions bind near the active site. Additionally, for a small fraction of active sites, azide displaces hydroxide and coordinates directly to the Cys-bound Fe(III) center to generate a low-spin (S = (1)/2) Fe(III) complex. In the DFT-optimized structure of this complex, the central nitrogen atom of the azide moiety lies within 3.12 A of the cysteine sulfur. A similar orientation of the superoxide ligand in the putative Fe(III)-superoxo reaction intermediate would promote the attack of the distal oxygen atom on the sulfur of substrate Cys.
REMEDIATION OF THE TAR CREEK SUPERFUND SITE: AN UPDATE 1

The Tar Creek Superfund Site is a portion of an abandoned lead and zinc mining area known as the Tri-State Mining District (OK, KS and MO) and includes approximately 104 km 2 of disturbed land and contaminated water resources in extreme northeastern Oklahoma. Underground mining from the 1890s through the 1960s degraded over 1000 surface ha, and produced nearly 500 km of tunnels, 165 million tonnes of processed mine waste materials (chat), 325 ha of tailings impoundments, 94 million m 3 of contaminated ground water and over 2600 shafts and boreholes. In 1979, metal-rich waters began to discharge into surface waters from natural springs, bore holes and mine shafts. The site was listed on the National Priorities List in 1983. Approximately 70% of the Superfund site is Native American owned. In 1993, an Indian Health Service study established that 35% of children had blood lead levels above threshold levels dangerous to human health. Since 1995, residential remediation efforts have been ongoing, but a holistic watershed restoration strategy has not been implemented. Current research focuses on the biogeochemistry, ecology and hydrology of existing natural wetlands, and the development of sub-watershed restoration plans. These efforts indicate that environmental problems at this site are not insurmountable, but that solutions do require substantial cooperation among federal, state, tribal and local entities. The principal final recommendation of a recent state task force was the creation of a massive wetland and wildlife refuge to ecologically address health, safety, environmental and aesthetic concerns. This plan involves the removal of two communities, construction of a large reservoir and several treatment wetlands, and creation or restoration of marshes and prairie habitat. However, significant concerns regarding the long- term effectiveness and feasibility of this plan need to be addressed.
Anterior spinal cord infarction in a 77-year-old male after a right hemicolectomy: A case report

A 77-year-old man underwent an exploratory laparotomy and right hemicolectomy for bowel ischemia. An etiology that has been investigated was hypotension leading to hypoperfusion. Intraoperatively, the patient experienced hypotension with a decline in mean arterial pressure from 150 mmHg to 30 mmHg for a duration of 20 minutes. Postoperatively the patient had another episode of hypotension with a decline in mean arterial pressure from 80 mmHg to 55 mmHg for a-15-minute period. On post-operative day three the patient was paraplegic with spinal cord infarction seen on magnetic resonance imaging from T10 to the conus medullaris. The blood supply to this region appeared unobstructed on imaging and therefore it is likely that intermittent hypotension was associated with insufficient blood flow to this region.
Carbon Sequestration Capacity of Aerial Seeding Forest of Yunnan Pine at Qinghuadong Forest Farm

Using the method of contrast and combined with field investigation and laboratory determination,carbon sequestration capacity of aerial seeding forest of Yunnan pine at Qinghuadong forest farm was studied.The results showed that during the period of investigation from 1963 to 2009,carbon sequestration per hectare on average was 15.4t.The annual carbon sequestration rate was 0.33t/(hm-2·a-1).In 1963,The forest farm effect area by aerial seeding forest was 1 493.3hm2.By2009,total carbon sequestration was 22 996.82 t,the average annual carbon sequestration reaching499.93 t.
Risk of Venous Thromboembolic Events in Neuromyelitis Optica Patients Hospitalized for Acute Relapse (P6.157)

OBJECTIVE: to compare risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) compared to Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients hospitalized for acute relapses. BACKGROUND: NMO patients may be at increased risk for VTE not only due to disabilities that limit ambulation but also due to autoimmune and inflammatory mechanisms that alter coagulability. Other autoimmune inflammatory diseases including systemic lupus erythematosis, Behcets, rheumatoid arthritis, and celiac disease are associated with VTE, suggesting that systemic inflammation alters the hemostatic balance. The risk of VTE in hospitalized patients with NMO has not been studied. METHODS: Patient admissions to Mount Sinai Hospital for MS or NMO exacerbations from 2005-2015 were identified through retrospective chart review. Data regarding patient demographics, medical history, hospitalization stay, and presence of VTE were recorded. The relationship between visit diagnosis and presence of VTE was assessed by univariate logistic regression. A multivariate was then used to study the relationship between diagnosis, age, race, gender, body mass index, oral contraceptive use, smoking status, length of stay, and ambulatory status on risk of VTE. RESULTS: 210 patients had a total of 318 hospital visits for acute relapses. 31 NMO patients were hospitalized 55 times; 179 MS patients were hospitalized 263 times. 6 NMO patients and 1 MS patient had a VTE during hospitalization or within one month of relapse onset. Univariate logistic regression showed NMO visits compared to MS visits had an OR of VTE of 32.2 (p=0.0015). A multivariate model revealed that NMO was significantly more likely to be associated with VTE (OR 10.5; p=0.047) controlling for age, length of stay, and ambulatory status. CONCLUSIONS: NMO relapse may be a risk factor for VTE independent of the risk conferred by limited mobility. Larger, prospective studies are required to further define the risk and determine need for prophylaxis. Disclosure: Dr. Straus Farber has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gross has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zakin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fabian has nothing to disclose.
Incorporating Yttrium-90 trans-arterial radioembolization (TARE) in the treatment of metastatic pancreatic adenocarcioma: A single center experience

Background The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of incorporating trans-arterial radioembolization (TARE) with systemic chemotherapy in the treatment of liver-dominant metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, with the aim of destroying liver metastases and improving patient outcomes.
The Effect of Posttraumatic Hypoxia on ICP in Rats

Hypoxia is almost certainly the most frequent secondary insult in several head injured patients (Lutz et al. 1982), and its adverse effects on neurological outcome has been confirmed both clinically (Miller 1985) and experimentally (Ishige et al. 1987). We compared changes in intracranial pressure (ICP) after fluid percussion impact injury in rats with and without mild and severe post-traumatic hypoxia. We found that severe hypoxia (PaO2 of 25 mmHg for 1 hour) caused a significant increase in ICP up to 36 hours after impact injury and also caused more widespread brain edema compared with either no or mild hypoxia.
#WeAreTrayvonMartin: the racially packaged NBA commodity and the fatal shooting of Trayvon Martin

AbstractThis article utilizes Walter Benjamin’s concept of the dialectical image to contextualize racial narratives in the contemporary United States. It examines techniques employed by the National Basketball Association (NBA) in the racial packaging of its product, which includes the selection of commentators, the content of commentary, the NBA’s dress code and the NBA’s minimum age requirement. Following this packaging, the NBA then projects the resulting commodification of black masculinity to its fans as phantasmagoria. Moving beyond a critique of these phantasmagorical racial narratives, this article incorporates the NBA’s commodification of black masculinity within a dialectical image that also includes written and visual texts found within the reactions to the fatal shooting of Trayvon Martin. This dialectical image is used to illuminate tensions that carefully packaged racial narratives such as those found in the NBA attempt to keep hidden.
Transplanted Human Stem Cell-Derived Interneuron Precursors Mitigate Mouse Bladder Dysfunction and Central Neuropathic Pain after Spinal Cord Injury

Neuropathic pain and bladder dysfunction represent significant quality-of-life issues for many spinal cord injury patients. Loss of GABAergic tone in the injured spinal cord may contribute to the emergence of these symptoms. Previous studies have shown that transplantation of rodent inhibitory interneuron precursors from the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) enhances GABAergic signaling in the brain and spinal cord. Here we look at whether transplanted MGE-like cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESC-MGEs) can mitigate the pathological effects of spinal cord injury. We find that 6 months after transplantation into injured mouse spinal cords, hESC-MGEs differentiate into GABAergic neuron subtypes and receive synaptic inputs, suggesting functional integration into host spinal cord. Moreover, the transplanted animals show improved bladder function and mitigation of pain-related symptoms. Our results therefore suggest that this approach may be a valuable strategy for ameliorating the adverse effects of spinal cord injury.
An analytic expression for the phase noise properties of the Goldstein-Werner power spectral filter

Interferogram filtering for noise reduction is a key to many radar interferometric applications. Repeat pass radar interferometry often uses data with less than ideal correlation levels resulting from either long spatial or temporal baselines or changes between observation leading to high levels of temporal correlation. To maximize the utility of such pairs filtering the interferogram to get maximal noise reduction if often needed. One technique that has proved quite useful in the geophysical community is power spectral or Goldstein-Werner filtering of the interferogram whereby a power weighted version of the Fourier transform is used to enhance fringe visibility [1]. Although this paper briefly touched upon the spatial resolution and noise reduction induced by the filter it did not provide a useful formula for predicting the expected amount of noise reduction. The purpose of this paper is to present a formula for the amount of noise reduction obtained from power spectral filtering albeit under the restriction of several simplifying assumptions to make the problem analytically tractable.
Technical Considerations in Radionuclide Gastric Emptying Studies

This is the final article in a four-part Continuing Education series on quantitative imaging techniques. After studying this article, the reader should be able to: 1) identify proper use of radiopharmaceuticals and meal composition for gastric emptying studies; 2) discuss appropriate imaging techniques; and 3) discuss methods of data analysis.
Mating behavior and evolution of the Hawaiian Drosophila

The endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae fauna exhibits a number of unique features which differentiate it from the rest of the world’s species. A partial list of such features includes (1) the large size of many of the species, (2) striking pigmenta-tion patterns of numerous species, and especially the prevalence of patterned wings, (3) numerous diverse, often bizarre sexual dimorphic characters, (4) a high level of agonistic behavior exhibited both intra- and inter-specifically, (5) complex courtship patterns, and (6) the existence of intermediates between the genera Scaptomyza 2 and Drosophila (Hardy 1970, Spieth 1970, Throckmorton 1966).
Idiopathic Portal Hypertension Related Refractory Ascites (IPHRA) after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant

Background At our center, we observed a series of patients who developed transudative refractory ascites secondary to non-cirrhotic non-veno-occlusive disease (NC-nVOD) portal hypertension after allogeneic transplant (allo-SCT). The natural history, pathogenesis and etiology of this phenomenon is not well characterized nor well studied in the literature. Objectives To study and analyze the clinical characteristics and outcome of myeloid and lymphoid malignancy patients who developed IPHRA post allo-HCT. Methods In this retrospective study, we analyzed age>18 myeloid and lymphoid malignancy patients who developed IPHRA post allo-HCT. IPHRA was defined as NC-nVOD intrahepatic portal hypertension (serum ascites albumin gradient ≥ 1.1 or hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) >5) and related refractory ascites in the absence of pre and post-hepatic etiologies of portal hypertension. Results We identified 24 patients who developed IPHRA post allo-HCT from our database. Median age at the time of allo-HCT was 52 yrs (range, 23-67). 23/24 did not have elevated LFT (Transaminases> 2.5 ULN/Bilirubin>1.5 ULN) before allo-HCT. Median time to development of IPHRA after allo-HCT was 95 days (range, 21-576 days). A median number of paracentesis that these patients had was 2 (range, 1-11); 5 had an intraperitoneal catheter placed, and 2 had TIPS to decrease the portal pressure. Portal pressures were measured in 15 patients, 9 had moderate portal hypertension (HVPG 5-10), and 6 had severe portal hypertension (HVPG >10). Liver biopsy was done in 20 patients, and for 3 patients we had autopsy results available. None of the patients met either the histological or clinical criteria of VOD or cirrhosis. 19 patients (79 %) died, and the median survival after development of IPHRA was 5.2 months (range, 0.7-49). The most common cause of death were complications of ascites/liver failure (n=7, 37%), and infectious causes (n=7, 37%). Conclusion IPHRA is an unrecognized fatal entity post-allo-HCT and has a high mortality rate. Further investigation is necessary to establish prognostic criteria for patients at risk of this serious complication.
Beta-Blocker Cessation in Stable Outpatients With Heart Failure With a Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Abstract Background Beta-blockers are frequently administered to patients with heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but their effectiveness is unproven. In patients with a normal left ventricular EF and hypertension (HTN) and/or coronary artery disease (CAD), there are emerging concerns that beta-blockers are associated with adverse outcomes, including heart failure. In view of these concerns, we discontinued or discontinued and replaced beta-blockers in a series of stable outpatients with HFpEF. Here we report our initial experience. Methods Beta-blockers were discontinued in 22 patients with HF and an EF≥50%. NT-proBNP levels were obtained before and after beta-blocker cessation. Baseline clinical characteristics, echocardiography data, medications and beta-blocker substitutions were tabulated. Patient charts were reviewed for changes in symptoms and clinical events. Results The mean age of the patients was 77±8 (±SD) years and 73% were female. HTN, CAD and atrial fibrillation were present in 95%, 50% and 41%, respectively. Baseline EF was 61±6% with a high prevalence of left ventricular concentric remodeling (68%) and left atrial dilation (89%). Beta-blocker cessation was well tolerated without any evidence of worsening heart failure. One month after beta-blocker cessation, NT-proBNP levels were approximately 60% lower (in pg/dL: 1153±810 vs. 484±486, p Conclusions In stable HFpEF patients, beta-blocker cessation resulted in nearly uniform and sustained reductions in NT-proBNP. These data suggest that beta-blocker cessation is safe and potentially beneficial in stable HFpEF patients.
Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on C2C12 cell adipogenesis and inhibition of myotube formation.

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) modulate cellular metabolic functions and gene expression. This study investigated the impacts of EPA and DHA on gene expression and morphological changes during adipogenic inducement in C2C12 myoblasts. Cells were cultured and treated with differentiation medium with and without 50 μM EPA and DHA. Cells treated with fatty acids had noticeable lipid droplets, but no formation of myotubes compared to control group cells. The expression levels of key genes relevant to adipogenesis and inflammation were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in cells treated with fatty acids. Genes associated with myogenesis and mitochondrial biosynthesis and function had lower (P < 0.05) expression with fatty acids supplementation. Moreover, fatty acid treatment reduced (P < 0.05) oxygen consumption rate in the differentiated cells. This suggested blocking myotube formation through supplementation with EPA and DHA drove myoblasts to enter the quiescent state and enabled adipogenic trans-differentiation of the myoblasts. Data also suggested that overdosage of EPA and DHA during gestation may drive fetal mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to the fate of adipogenesis and have a long-term effect on childhood obesity.
A randomized crossover trial of elamipretide in adults with primary mitochondrial myopathy

Background This study aims to evaluate the effect of subcutaneous (SC) elamipretide dosing on exercise performance using the 6 min walk test (6MWT), patient-reported outcomes measuring fatigue, functional assessments, and safety to guide the development of the Phase 3 trial. Methods MMPOWER-2 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial that enrolled participants (N = 30) with genetically confirmed primary mitochondrial myopathy. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to 40 mg/day SC elamipretide for 4 weeks followed by placebo SC for 4 weeks, separated by a 4-week washout period, or the opposite sequence. The primary endpoint was the distance walked on the 6MWT. Results The distance walked on the 6MWT by the elamipretide-treated participants was 398.3 (±134.16) meters compared with 378.5 (±125.10) meters in the placebo-treated group, a difference of 19.8 m (95% confidence interval, -2.8, 42.5; P = 0.0833). The results of the Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy Symptom Assessment Total Fatigue and Total Fatigue During Activities scores showed that participants treated with elamipretide reported less fatigue and muscle complaints compared with placebo (P = 0.0006 and P = 0.0018, respectively). Additionally, the Neuro-QoL Fatigue Short Form and Patient Global Assessment showed reductions in symptoms (P = 0.0115 and P = 0.0421, respectively). In this 4-week treatment period, no statistically significant change was observed in the Physician Global Assessment (P = 0.0636), the Triple Timed Up and Go (P = 0.8423) test, and wrist/hip accelerometry (P = 0.9345 and P = 0.7326, respectively). Injection site reactions were the most commonly reported adverse events with elamipretide (80%), the majority of which were mild. No serious adverse events or deaths were reported. Conclusions Participants who received a short-course treatment of daily SC elamipretide for 4 weeks experienced a clinically meaningful change in the 6MWT, which did not achieve statistical significance as the primary endpoint of the study. Secondary endpoints were suggestive of an elamipretide treatment effect compared with placebo. Nominal statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements were seen in patient-reported outcomes. The results of this trial provided an efficacy signal and data to support the initiation of MMPOWER-3, a 6-month long, Phase 3 treatment trial in patients with primary mitochondrial myopathy.