cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oral phenotype and variation in focal dermal hypoplasia.

Focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH) or Goltz Syndrome (OMIM# 305600) is an X-linked dominant ectodermal dysplasia caused by mutations in the PORCN gene. This gene encodes an endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane protein that is involved in processing the embryonically critical WNT signaling proteins. Individuals diagnosed with FDH were recruited to participate in the study through the National Foundation for Ectodermal Dysplasia. Individuals were evaluated to characterize the FDH phenotype. Each participant completed a brief dental survey and oral evaluation using artificial light. To identify the oral soft and hard tissue findings 19 individuals (16 female and 3 male) participated with a median age of 10 years (range 2–56 years). Soft and hard tissue defects were present in 68% (13) and 94% (18) of the patients, respectively. Dental anomalies were highly prevalent with 68% (13) demonstrating vertical enamel grooving, 52% (10) having peg shaped tooth deformities, and 78% (15) having enamel hypoplasia with or without discoloration. Cleft lip and cleft palate presented in 15% (3) of the participants. Other findings included 57% (11) having intra-oral lipoma or papilloma with no site predilection. Dental malocclusions were common with 63% (12) having some degree of malocclusion with 15% (3) of participants having class III malocclusion with an anterior dental cross bite. Participants frequently reported speech problems or difficulty with chewing (73%; N = 14). This study shows there is marked variation in the oral phenotype of individuals with FDH and underscores the important role of WNT signaling in oro-facial development. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Financial Network Formation and Central Bank Policy

Policy makers have long been concerned about the risk of a singular financial event destabilizing the financial system and causing a negative impact on real economic growth. There is a substantial literature focused on understanding the market microstructure of financial markets to gain insights into the development of financial crisis and contagion. In our paper, we address the important issue of how policy makers can promote financial network stability and social efficiency. By incorporating the literature of social and economic networks, the contribution of this paper is threefold. First, we incorporate a benevolent central bank (CB) as a social-welfare-maximizing actor in the financial network formation. The CB is in the center of a star shaped network and plays an important role by setting policy variables to facilitate the formation of a stable and efficient financial network. Second, we characterize how financial institutions choose to become member-banks (MB), bank-holding company subsidiaries (BHC), and non-banks (NB) in an endogenous process of financial network formation. Third, by incorporating the cost of unilaterally breaking up a link, we show that the risk-sharing financial network based on the ex ante agreements of the MBs and BHCs is stable and can lower the investment risks of all the members of the network. In our model, network formation is a three-stage game. In the first stage, financial institutions form links with the central bank to become the MBs. In the second stage, other financial institutions can continue to become MBs, BHCs or NBs. In the third stage, the capital shocks are realized and MBs and BHCs have to share the risk according to the ex ante risk sharing contract. We focus on the analysis of the ex ante network, and develop the necessary and sufficient conditions for endogenous network formation. We provide a characterization of the structure of stable networks where before realizing any shocks, no financial institution has any incentive to change position. Because there is no guarantee that the sufficient conditions can be satisfied such that the equilibrium network coincides with the socially optimum network, the CB has a crucial role in developing a best-possible financial network.
A meta-analysis of coordinate systems and bibliography of their use on Pluto from Charon’s discovery to the present day

Abstract This paper aims to alleviate the confusion between many different ways of defining latitude and longitude on Pluto, as well as to help prevent future Pluto papers from drawing false conclusion due to problems with coordinates. In its 2009 meeting report, the International Astronomical Union Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements redefined Pluto coordinates to follow a right-handed system (Archinal, B.A., et al. [2011a]. Celest. Mech. Dynam. Astron. 109, 101–135; Archinal, B.A., et al. [2011b]. Celest. Mech. Dynam. Astron. 110, 401–403). However, before this system was redefined, both the previous system (defining the north pole to be north of the invariable plane), and the “new” system (the right-hand rule system) were commonly used. A summary of major papers on Pluto and the system each paper used is given. Several inconsistencies have been found in the literature. The vast majority of papers and most maps use the right-hand rule, which is now the IAU system and the system recommended here for future papers.
Structure and Development of Lasiobolus Monascus, A New Species of Pezizales, Ascomycetes

Morphological and cytological development of a new uniascal species of Lasiobolus is described. Although some of the excipular hairs are atypical of the genus, microscopic and microchemical feature...
Double Binds, Schizophrenics, and Psychological Theory: Letters from Mothers of Schizophrenic and Nonschizophrenic Patients:

Schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic patient-judges rated letters which had been written by mothers of schizophrenics and nonschizophrenics on a dimension of similarity to letters received from their own mothers. The lack of agreement of these ratings casts questions on the presence or reliability of the concept in such communications.
Short communication: Association of milk fatty acids with early lactation hyperketonemia and elevated concentration of nonesterified fatty acids

The objective of our study was to extend the limited research available on the association between concentrations of milk fatty acids and elevated nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations in early lactation dairy cattle. Measurement of milk fatty acids for detection of cows in excessive negative energy balance has the potential to be incorporated in routine in-line monitoring systems. Blood samples were taken from 84 cows in second or greater lactation 3 times per week between 3 to 14 d in milk. Cows were characterized as hyperketonemic (HYK) if blood BHB concentration was ≥1.2mmol/L at least once and characterized as having elevated concentrations of NEFA (NEFAH) if serum NEFA concentration was ≥1mmol/L at least once. Composition of colostrum and milk fatty acids at wk 2 postpartum was used to investigate the potential diagnostic value of individual fatty acids and fatty acid ratios for the correct classification of cows with NEFA and BHB concentrations above these thresholds, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify thresholds of fatty acid concentration and fatty acid ratios when ROC area under the curve was ≥0.70. Correct classification rate (CCR, %) was calculated as {[(number of true positives + number of true negatives)/total number tested] × 100}. None of the colostrum fatty acids yielded a sufficiently high area under the curve in ROC analysis for the association with HYK and NEFAH. The following fatty acids and fatty acid ratios were identified for an association with NEFAH (threshold, CCR): C15:0 (≤0.65g/100g, 68.3%); cis-9 C16:1 (≥1.85g/100g, 70.7%); cis-9 C18:1 (≥26g/100g, 69.5%), cis-9 C18:1 to C15:0 ratio (≥45, 69.5%); cis-9 C16:1 to C15:0 (≥2.50, 73.2%). Several fatty acids were associated with HYK (threshold, CCR): C6:0 (≤1.68g/100g, 80.5%), C8:0 (≤0.80g/100g, 80.5%), C10:0 (≤1.6g/100g, 79.3%); C12:0 (≤1.42g/100g, 82.9%); C14:0 (≤6.10g/100g, 84.1%); C15:0 (≤0.50g/100g, 82.9%), cis-9 C18:1 (≥30g/100g, 81.7%). The use of fatty acid ratios did not improve CCR over using individual fatty acids for the classification of HYK. Colostrum fatty acid composition was not useful in predicting NEFAH or HYK between 3 to 14 d in milk. Accuracy of milk fatty acids and fatty acid ratios to correctly classify cows with elevated concentrations of NEFA and BHB between 3 to 14 d in milk was moderate and overall higher for HYK. Determining changes in the fatty acid composition of milk fat from milk samples at wk 2 postpartum for the detection of cows with elevated concentrations of BHB and NEFA can currently not be recommended to replace direct measurement. Future applications should target repeated milk sampling between 3 to 14 d in milk to identify the best sampling for determination of milk fatty acid composition within the first 2 wk postpartum.
Integrative analysis of Bayesian networks and LOPA for fire and explosion in petrochemical plant

There are many uncertain factors in the running complex petrochemical plants,it is prone to major accident such as fire,explosion,and brings about huge threat in safety production. Considering the limitations of traditional system safety analysis methods,an integrative analysis model of Bayesian networks combining LOPA was proposed. The system fault tree was turned to Bayesian networks by GeNIe software,then the fault prediction and diagnosis were conducted by two-side reason function of Bayesian networks,the system weakness was rapidly identified, to be Bayesian risk fault node,then the corresponding independent protection protective layer was proposed and was determined combining with LOPA,so the residual risk level was determined. The case application showed that the integrative analysis model of Bayesian networks combining with LOPA is practicable for complex system risk analysis,and it is more scientific and reasonable than the traditional event tree analysis and fault tree analysis.
Optimal Operation Review of Inner Cooling Water System in Large-scale Generator

The safety stability of generator cooling water system is raledted to the safe reliable opreration of generator.Several typical optimal operation modes in China are introduced.The paper expounds the key problems of cooling water control index core technology to be solved in optimal operation modes for large-sacle thermal power generators.
The Manifestation and Management of Late Urological Complications in Renal Transplant Recipients: Use of the Urological Armamentarium

AbstractThe incidence of urological complications in renal transplant patients is well documented. The majority of these complications occur in the early postoperative period; late occurrences (more than 3 months) are much less common.We have had experience with 7 patients who presented with late complications 3 months to 7 years after transplantation: ureteral obstruction occurred in 4 patients, ureteral disruption or laceration in 2 and neurogenic bladder with hydronephrosis in 1. Management of these patients has been varied and has included cystoscopic stent placement, Boari flap, ureteropyelostomy, ureteroneocystostomy, bladder augmentation and urinary undiversion. Grafts have been salvaged in 6 of 7 patients.Transplant patients who present with late urological complications can be challenging. However, the potential for intervention and graft salvage is excellent.
Better library design: Ideas from library journal

There is no question that the role of libraries in our society is changing. Long established as a warehouse of knowledge, a place of hushed conversation where people could find information from the...
A precision voltage and current reference for the SNAP CCD readout IC

A bandgap reference circuit capable of generating precision voltages below the Vg0 of silicon has been fabricated in a 0.25um, 2.5 V CMOS process. The circuit described is based on an existing topology that intrinsically generates a temperature compensated reference current, which can then be mirrored to provide both current and voltage references. With regard to bandgap reference design, a major deficiency of most modern sub-micron CMOS processes is the lack of any well-characterized forward-biased junction device. A method of device measurement and parameter extraction is presented that allows for the precise simulation of a fixed diode layout for the temperature range -150 to +70 C. The extracted diode model was used to optimize the bandgap design. Measurements of the prototype IC indicate an initial accuracy of 35 mV, a PSRR >60 dB, 12-bit noise performance, and a 10 mV voltage deviation over a range of more than 150 C degrees.
Resource Review: The State of Girls: Unfinished Business

The State of Girls: Unfinished Business is an extensive report published by the Girl Scout Research Institute. The 156 page publication examines girls’ health and well-being in the United States with a focus on key issues including health, educational achievement, demographic trends and safety. The report includes excellent charts, tables and diagrams and an appendix of state-level sources of data to support research findings. Youth professionals will appreciate this well documented, easy to comprehend resource as they engage in positive youth development programming.
Atomic Insights into the pH-Induced Activation of Channels and Transporters

Many transmembrane proteins perform functions by utilizing pH-dependent conformational dynamics. However, detailed mechanisms are often elusive due to the challenge in experimentally resolving proton positions and structural details and the inability of conventional molecular dynamics simulations to couple dynamics with proton titration. In this talk I will discuss the application of state-of-the-art continuous constant pH molecular dynamics (CpHMD) to elucidate the conformational activation of Escherichia coli sodium-proton antiporter NhaA and M2 proton channel of influenza virus. As to NhaA, our study revealed the identities of proton carriers and mechanism of sodium-proton exchange. With regards to the M2 channel, simulations revealed the pH-dependent transition from the closed to open channel and provided free energy of channel opening coupled to the stepwise titration of a histidine tetrad. These studies demonstrate CpHMD is a powerful tool to obtain previously unattainable conformational details and thermodynamic information for proton-coupled channels and transporters.
A further result on global stabilization of uncertain nonlinear systems by output feedback

Abstract For a family of uncertain nonlinear systems dominated by a triangular system that satisfies linear growth condition with an output dependent growth rate, we prove that global robust stabilization can be achieved by smooth output feedback. This conclusion has incorporated and generalized the recent output feedback stabilization results, for instance, the work (Qian and Lin, 2002b) where the same conclusion was already shown to be true for planar systems, and the work (Praly and Jiang, 2003) where the growth rate is required to be a polynomial function of the system output. There are two key ingredients in the present contribution. One of them is the introduction of a rescaling transformation with a dynamic factor that is tuned on-line through a Riccati-like differential equation, which turns out to be extremely effective in dealing with the system uncertainty. The other one is the development of a recursive observer design algorithm making it possible to assign the robust observer gains in a step-by-step fashion. Both a smooth state feedback controller and a robust observer are explicitly constructed for the rescaled system using only the knowledge of the bounding system.
Computational, 1H NMR, and X‐ray structural studies on 1‐arylurazole tetrazane dimers

Nitro­gen-centered urazole radicals exist in equilibrium with tetra­zane dimers in solution. The equilibrium established typically favors the free-radical form. However, 1-aryl­urazole radicals bearing substituents at the ortho position favor the dimeric form. We were able to determine the structure of one of the dimers (substituted at both ortho positions with methyl groups), namely 1,2-(2,4-di­methyl­phen­yl)-2-[2-(2,4-di­methyl­phen­yl)-4-methyl-3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-triazoli­din-1-yl]-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-dione, C24H28N6O4, via X-ray crystallography. The experimentally determined structure agreed well with the computationally obtained geometry at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of theory. The preferred syn conformation of these 1-aryl­urazole dimers results in the two aromatic rings being proximate and nearly parallel, which leads to some inter­esting shielding effects of certain signals in the 1H NMR spectrum. Armed with this information, we were able to decipher the more complicated 1H NMR spectrum obtained from a dimer that was monosubstituted at the ortho position with a methyl group.
Homeomorphic Tetrahedralization of Multi-material Images with Quality and Fidelity Guarantees

Abstract We present a novel algorithm for generating three-dimensional unstructured tetrahedral meshes of multi-material images. The algorithm produces meshes with high quality since it provides a guaranteed dihedral angle bound of up to 19.47° for the output tetrahedra. In addition, it allows for user-specified guaranteed bounds on the two-sided Hausdorff distance between the boundaries of the mesh and the boundaries of the materials. Moreover, the mesh boundary is proved to be homeomorphic to the object surface. The algorithm is fast and robust, it produces a sufficiently small number of mesh elements that comply with these guarantees, as compared to other software. The theory and effectiveness of our method are illustrated with the experimental evaluation on synthetic and real medical data.
Overreporting healthcare-associated C. difficile: A comparison of NHSN LabID with clinical surveillance definitions in the era of molecular testing.

Background Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common healthcare-associated gastrointestinal infection. Hospitals are required to report cases of healthcare facility-onset CDI (HO-CDI) using the National Healthcare Safety Network's CDI laboratory-identified (LabID) event definition. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of potential over-reporting due to the exclusion of important clinical data within LabID reporting definitions. Methods In 2015, retrospective chart review was performed on 212 HO-CDI cases reported from a large urban medical center. Cases had positive polymerase chain reaction test for the C. difficile toxin B gene from an unformed stool specimen collected >3 days after admission and >8 weeks after most recent LabID event. Cases were categorized into “clinical surveillance” groups: community-acquired infection, recurrence/relapse, asymptomatic colonization, colonization with self-limited symptoms, possible HO-CDI, and probable HO-CDI. Results Of the infections, 13.6% were community acquired, 2.8% were recurrent/relapse, 1.9% were asymptomatic colonization, 18.4% were symptomatic colonization, 38.7% were possible HO-CDI, and 24.5% were probable HO-CDI. Within 24 hours of testing, 34.1% of patients had received a stool softener and/or laxative. Conclusions Laxative use and failure to identify community-onset infection may contribute to misclassification of HO-CDI. Only 62% of reported cases met clinical surveillance criteria.
Abstract 17871: Brugada Phenotype in Cardiac-Specific GPD1-L Knockout Mice

Introduction: A Brugada syndrome (BrS) mutation (A280V) in Glycerol-3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase-1 Like (GPD1-L) decreases SIRT1 deacetylase activity, surface expression of Nav1.5, and Na+ current (IN...
Radical Prostatectomy Incontinence and the AS791 Artificial Urinary Sphincter

AbstractThe AS791 prosthetic sphincter was implanted in 66 patients with urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. Of these patients 49 (74 per cent) were continent 3 months to 4½ years after implantation. Excluding the 22 patients who had had previous pelvic radiation therapy 41 (93 per cent) were continent. Mechanical problems have been few, establishing the reliability of this unique sphincter mechanism.
Foreword: Rulemaking, Democracy, and Torrents of E-mail

Agency notice-and-comment rulemaking has been widely claimed to strengthen public participation and the democratic nature of governmental decision making. These claims have intensified as agencies have gained greater discretion over economic and health, safety, and environmental rules, as websites and e-mail have facilitated increasingly high levels of public comment, and as commentators have criticized the adequacy of presidential and congressional oversight of agencies. Some attention has been given to the extent of public participation, but we should also consider what agencies do and ought to do with the often enormous numbers of public comments they receive. This Foreword represents an initial foray into that issue. Agencies typically focus only on the technical comments, largely dismissing public policy and values-focused comments, even when they arrive in large numbers. Because values issues are typically relevant to an agency’s implementation of its broad statutory responsibilities, however, the article makes a preliminary case that more thorough consideration of value-laden public comment could potentially enhance both the quality and democratic legitimacy of agency decision making. At the very least, it is time for more systematic evaluation of how agencies treat the comments they get.
The Advice Taker/Inquirer (AT/I)

The Advice Taker/Inquirer is a domain-independent program that is used to construct, fine-tune and oversee the operation of an expert system. It consists of two phases: a learning phase, during which a human expert teaches the system interactively about a domain in terms of principles, high-level examples, rules, and facts; and an operational phase, during which the program monitors the resulting expert system as it is applied to a domain of interest, and continually attempts to improve its performance by hypothesizing new rules and reorganizing existing knowledge.
Magnetic alignment of particles in composite films

Films with anisotropic electric properties were created by a processing technique that produces an alignment of μm sized iron particles in a polymer film. The magnetic aligning process was observed to create a formation of iron particle columns parallel to the aligning magnetic field. The degree of alignment can be quantified by measurements of the electrical impedance.
Optimizing Haul Fleet Size Using Queueing Theory

A method, usable by a construction engineer, which will optimize the size of haul fleet in a one-loader operation is presented. The primary innovation is the development of a Poisson ratio that can be computed easily using only a slide rule or a desk calculator. It is presented not as an end result, but as a partial means of bringing more scientific decision-making tools to the construction industry. The method involves a technique, hypothesized by Shaffer of Illinois, of determining the optimum number of trucks that will cause minimum lost time due to the loader standing idle while waiting for a truck. The writer takes the model developed by the above and derives from the complicated distribution obtained, a simple Poisson ratio that could be used by any construction engineer. An explanation of the use of this formula and an example are also presented.
Logistic growth curve modeling of US energy production and consumption

Abstract This research used four-parameter multi-cycle logistic growth curve models on US Energy Information Agency annual data from 1949 to 2015 to produce fixed condition forecasts of US energy production and consumption to 2040. These models and forecasts were used to assess the ability of US energy production sources to meet demand, to anticipate production and technology challenges, and to make general policy recommendations. The logistic fixed condition forecasts indicated the ongoing increases in total US energy production dominated by crude oil and natural gas production will likely peak in 2017 (at 95.0 quadrillion “quad” BTU) then rapidly decrease through 2040 (at 36.2 quad BTU), while total US energy consumption indicated an ongoing plateau (at 98.1 quad BTU). New growth cycles not evident in the 2015 data will certainly occur, mitigating the decline in energy production before 2040. However, without adequate foresight and preemptive action, it is possible that new production growth would not be adequate to reverse the decline given historical growth trends. Therefore, in addition to continued increases in energy efficiency, reductions in use, and implementation of carbon management technologies, direct effort towards the sustainable development of substantial new growth cycles in all energy production sources (through adequate investment of resources) should be a priority of the US energy industry, policy makers, and the public alike.
A Novel Genioglossal Strengthening Device for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition characterized by temporary diminutions or cessations of breathing caused by repetitive collapse of the upper airway (UA) during sleep [1]. OSA is a common disorder — the American Academy of Sleep Medicine estimates the condition affects 29.4 million Americans — in which the muscles that hold the airway open weaken, resulting in partial or complete UA collapse during inspiration [2]. These pauses in breathing lead to blood oxygen desaturation and induce neurological arousal resulting in sleep disruption and fragmentation. The cycle of airway collapse and arousal can repeat hundreds of times per night.Copyright © 2018 by ASME
Story-telling maps generated from semantic representations of events

Narratives enable readers to assimilate disparate facts. Accompanying maps can make the narratives even more accessible. As work in computer science has begun to generate stories from low-level eve...
Tunable excitation-independent emissions from graphene quantum dots through microplasma-assisted electrochemical synthesis

Abstract Carbon-based quantum dots are often only capable of excitation-dependent emissions, limiting their applications. To achieve more control over the photoluminescent properties of fabricated carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), toxic chemicals are often incorporated into the synthesis process, which dampens the appeal for biomedical applications. The fabrication technique presented here is a scalable microplasma assisted electrochemical process that employs green chemistry and results in excitation-independent GQDs. Laboratory grade materials are unnecessary; light corn syrup found in standard grocery stores serves as a source of glucose feedstock. GQDs are exfoliated from a graphite rod serving as an electrode in the electrochemical cell. Microplasma treatment at the surface splits water and glucose molecules, increasing the available atoms for surface passivation. This process provides control in shifting the emission spectra from blue all the way to red wavelengths. The processing time and feedstock concentration can be increased to achieve longer emission wavelengths. Emission wavelength can be shifted back to shorter wavelengths by simple dilution of samples. Herein, the emission wavelength of a single GQD sample was brought from 506 nm to 653 nm and back to 445 nm, while retaining a constant excitation wavelength of 405 nm. This process allows fabricators to select an emission wavelength between violet and red. The excitation-independent behavior of these quantum dots make them ideal for use in multi-target bioimaging, lasing, display technologies, and encryption applications.
Instrumental variable approach to estimating the scalar‐on‐function regression model with measurement error with application to energy expenditure assessment in childhood obesity

Wearable device technology allows continuous monitoring of biological markers and thereby enables study of time-dependent relationships. For example, in this paper, we are interested in the impact of daily energy expenditure over a period of time on subsequent progression toward obesity among children. Data from these devices appear as either sparsely or densely observed functional data and methods of functional regression are often used for their statistical analyses. We study the scalar-on-function regression model with imprecisely measured values of the predictor function. In this setting, we have a scalar-valued response and a function-valued covariate that are both collected at a single time period. We propose a generalized method of moments-based approach for estimation, while an instrumental variable belonging in the same time space as the imprecisely measured covariate is used for model identification. Additionally, no distributional assumptions regarding the measurement errors are assumed, while complex covariance structures are allowed for the measurement errors in the implementation of our proposed methods. We demonstrate that our proposed estimator is L2 consistent and enjoys the optimal rate of convergence for univariate nonparametric functions. In a simulation study, we illustrate that ignoring measurement error leads to biased estimations of the functional coefficient. The simulation studies also confirm our ability to consistently estimate the function-valued coefficient when compared to approaches that ignore potential measurement errors. Our proposed methods are applied to our motivating example to assess the impact of baseline levels of energy expenditure on body mass index among elementary school-aged children.
Effects of Light Reflection on Spatial Visualization Ability and Implications for Engineering Technology Students.

Results from a number of studies indicate that the type of light generated by the reflection on the surface of different types of surfaces can influence the spatial visualization ability; however, research provides in¬consistent results. Considering this, a quasi-experimental study was conducted to identify the existence of statistically significant effects on spatial visualization ability as measured by the Mental Cutting Test and Sectional View drawing ability due to the impacts of light reflection. In particular, the study compared three types of light reflection; mirror, specular and diffuse and whether a significant difference exists among engineering technology students. According to the results of this study it is suggested that the type of light reflection provides statistically significant differences.
Nucleophilic addition of organocerium reagents to?-alkoxy hydrazones: A new type of elimination reaction to?-hydroxynitriles

We studied the nucleophilic addition of organocerium reagents to α-alkoxy hydrazones. The results depend upon the organocerium reagents, the nature of protection for the hydroxy group, and the solvents used. Contrary to Grignard reagents, organocerium reagents derived from Grignard reagents effectively add to α-alkoxy hydrazones. In addition, a new type of elimination reaction of α-alkoxy hydrazones to the corresponding nitriles by methyl chloroformate was found. This methodology is an efficient and potentially practical synthetic route to β-hydroxy amines. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 11:65–72, 2000
From Litigation to Innovation: A Firm’s Ability to Litigate & Its Expansion Into New Domains

Prior research has highlighted the role that a firm’s litigation ability plays in defending its existing intellectual property. Our study explores how the firm’s litigation ability affects its deci...
T behavior: Psychological implications of thrill-seeking/risk-taking

T behavior refers to individual differences in thrill-seeking (T) and risk-taking behavior. This study was designed to explore and expand the understanding of self-reported T behavior in relation to flourishing, mindset, psychological entitlement, creativity, and stress. This on-line study used both college student (n = 248) and non-college adult (n = 224) samples, prompted by the need to examine psychological phenomena beyond the usual college undergraduate sample. Results showed complex relationships of T behavior to the other indices, with several differences attributable to gender, age, and student/non-student status. It was found that the college sample had a higher level of T behavior, higher level of psychological entitlement, a more malleable mindset, and was more stressed. Flourishing was found to highly predict T behavior in the non-college males. The results have expanded our understanding of T behavior, enriching its description and discerning provocative new relationships among some of the studied non-T variables themselves. Findings are further discussed in the article.
Interdisciplinary Adventures in Consciousness Studies

Review article of: Hermann Blume, Christoph Leitgeb, and Michael Rossner, eds. Narrated Communities, Narrated Realities: Narration as Cognitive Processing and Cultural Practice (Brill/Rodopi, 2015); Suzanne Nalbantian, Paul M. Matthews, and James L. McClelland, eds. The Memory Process: Neuroscientific and Humanistic Perspectives (MIT P, 2011); Lynne Pearce, Drivetime: Literary Excursions in Automotive Consciousness (Edinburgh UP, 2016).
Examining racial and ethnic trends and differences in annual healthcare expenditures among a nationally representative sample of adults with arthritis from 2008 to 2016

Disparities in health care utilization and outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities with arthritis are well-established. However, there is a paucity of research on racial and ethnic differences in healthcare expenditures and if this relationship has changed over time. Our objectives were to: 1) examine trends in annual healthcare expenditures for adults with arthritis by race and ethnicity, and 2) determine if racial and ethnic differences in annual healthcare expenditures were independent of other factors such as healthcare access and functional disability. We used the Medical Expenditures Panel Survey (2008–2016) to examine trends in annual healthcare expenditures within and between racial and ethnic groups with arthritis (n = 227,663). A two-part model was used to estimate the marginal differences in expenditures by race and ethnicity after adjusting for relevant covariates, including the impact of healthcare access. Between 2008 and 2016, there were no significant changes in unadjusted healthcare expenditures within any of the racial and ethnic groups, but the trend among non-Hispanic whites did differ significantly from Hispanics and Other. In fully adjusted analysis, mean annual expenditures for non-Hispanic whites was $946, $939, and $1178 more than non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and Other, respectively (p < .001). Healthcare access also independently explained expenditure differences in this population with adults who delayed care spending significantly more ($2629) versus those who went without care spending significantly less (−$1591). Race and ethnicity are independent drivers of healthcare expenditures among adults with arthritis independent of healthcare access and functional disability. This underscores the need for ongoing research on the factors that influence persistent racial and ethnic differences in this population.
Making and Keeping Stakeholders Mindful of CSR

Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR, is as prominent a core element in organizations’ performance today as is ethical behavior from each internal stakeholder. This chapter describes CSR as an essential manifestation of mindful leadership and of moral sensitivity. Mindfulness is a critical skill for any leader, in any setting, because it has a major influence on the type of decisions this leader will make. As a core element of mindfulness, this chapter also discusses respect, as this presents itself through the way we treat people and other living beings. The chapter then explains the importance of ethics in business performance, and links this to CSR. It also mentions ISO 26000 as a crucial morally responsible effort in business ethics. In order to bring the message on CSR home, the chapter further elaborates on the concept of stakeholders, clarifying the breadth of consideration needed in considering this concept. As an illustration of the interrelatedness between mindful leadership, moral behavior, and CSR, the chapter presents the case of Interface and its founding CEO, Ray Anderson.
Endothelial Cell Glucose Metabolism and Angiogenesis

Angiogenesis, a process of new blood vessel formation from the pre-existing vascular bed, is a critical event in various physiological and pathological settings. Over the last few years, the role of endothelial cell (EC) metabolism in angiogenesis has received considerable attention. Accumulating studies suggest that ECs rely on aerobic glycolysis, rather than the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, to produce ATP during angiogenesis. To date, numerous critical regulators of glucose metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and glutamine metabolism have been identified to modulate the EC angiogenic switch and pathological angiogenesis. The unique glycolytic feature of ECs is critical for cell proliferation, migration, and responses to environmental changes. In this review, we provide an overview of recent EC glucose metabolism studies, particularly glycolysis, in quiescent and angiogenic ECs. We also summarize and discuss potential therapeutic strategies that take advantage of EC metabolism. The elucidation of metabolic regulation and the precise underlying mechanisms could facilitate drug development targeting EC metabolism to treat angiogenesis-related diseases.
Associations Among Referral Concerns, Screening Results, and Diagnostic Outcomes of Young Children Assessed in a Statewide Early Autism Evaluation Network.

Objectives To examine associations between referral concerns, screening results, and diagnostic outcomes for young children evaluated across a statewide primary care network for early screening and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Study design The Early Autism Evaluation Hub system was developed to increase developmental screening and improve access to timely ASD evaluations in local communities. In 2019, 858 children (ages 18-48 months; 40% diagnosed with ASD) received ASD evaluations across 12 Early Autism Evaluation Hubs. Data on primary care provider (PCP)- and caregiver-reported referral concerns, Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-Up (MCHAT-R/F) and Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition (ASQ-3), and diagnostic outcome were collected. Results Among children evaluated, there was low concordance between PCP and caregiver referral concern. Although a positive MCHAT-R/F screen was associated with PCP but not caregiver-reported ASD referral concern, there was a significant linear relationship between MCHAT-R/F raw scores and both PCP and caregiver ASD referral concern. A different pattern of ASQ-3 delays was found to be associated with PCP-reported as compared with caregiver-reported ASD referral concern. Finally, PCP-reported ASD referral concern, positive MCHAT-R/F, and ASQ-3 Communication and Personal Social delays were associated with a significantly higher likelihood of subsequent ASD diagnosis. Conclusions Understanding how community PCPs use surveillance and screening data, the extent to which PCPs and caregivers have shared understanding and engage in collaborative decision-making about evaluation referral, and how these factors relate to diagnostic outcomes has the potential to impact educational efforts for both PCPs and caregivers of young children, as well as inform the development of more efficacious early identification approaches.
Hadronic ϒ production, parton distributions, and quantum chromodynamics

Using the combined version of light-quark ($q\overline{q}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}b\overline{b}$) and gluon-gluon ($\mathrm{gg}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}b\overline{b}$) fusion mechanisms for hadronic $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(9.5)$ production, we give predictions for ${x}_{F}$ distributions using pion and proton beams, and for various total-cross-section beam ratios. In addition, we make a detailed comparison of counting-rule-like nucleonic and pionic parton distributions with those predicted by dynamical quantum-chromodynamics (QCD) calculations, and give analytic parametrizations of their QCD $x$ and ${Q}^{2}$ dependence.
Trends and evolution of epidemiological characteristics during vaccination.

Since the use of live attenuated measles vaccine and particularly the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) and measles boosters and emergency vaccination,these efforts have had a significant effect on the control of measles incidence. Every 4-5 years measles incidence peaks,leaving the cycle of measles incidence unbroken. Throughout the year measles incidence occurs mostly in the Winter and Spring but is mainly concentrated in the period from March to May. Incidence decreases for babies from 8 months to 6 years of age and rises for infants up to 8 months of age and children over 6,forming a "bifurcation."
Redemption Fees and the Risk-Adjusted Performance of International Equity Mutual Funds

In the wake of the market timing and late trading mutual fund scandals, many mutual funds adopted redemption fees to limit market timing. In this paper we investigate the impact of redemption fees on the risk-adjusted performance of U.S. based international equity funds, the very funds that many market timers used. We find three interesting results. First, using event study methodology we find that after the introduction of redemption fee there is a significant increase in the risk-adjusted fund performance. Second, we find that funds that introduced larger-size redemption fees have significantly better performance after the introduction of the redemption fee than other funds. Third, we find that the main reason for the improvement in fund performance after the introduction of the redemption fee is due to lower amounts of cash being held by the fund after the redemption fee. In sum our results suggest that implementation of redemption fees are performance enhancing for international equity funds. As such, long-term investors of international equity funds should actively look for international equity funds that have redemption fees.
Changing presentation of adult celiac disease

The mode of presentation of celiac disease in the United States is not known. We investigated the demographic and clinical features of 227 patients with biopsy-proven celiac disease and determined if there had been changes over time. The patients had been entered into a database; those seen prior to 1990 were retrospectively entered while those seen subsequently were prospectively entered. A "symptomatic" presentation described the "classical" presentation of celiac disease with prominent gastrointestinal symptoms: diarrhea and weight loss. Females were younger and had a longer duration of symptoms compared to males. The modes of presentation were symptomatic (62%), anemia or reduced bone density (15%), screening first-degree relatives (13%), and incidental diagnosis at endoscopy (8%). We compared those diagnosed before and after 1993 (when serologic testing was first used), and noted a reduction in those presenting with diarrhea, 73% vs 43% (P = 0.0001) and a reduction in the duration of symptoms, from 9.0 +/- 1.1 years to 4.4 +/- 0.6 years (P < 0001). In conclusion, the percentage of celiac disease patients presenting with diarrhea has decreased, probably related to the more widespread use of serologic testing for celiac disease.
Asthma self management preferences, attitudes and beliefs in primary care

Purpose: To describe self management preferences, attitudes and beliefs of urban adults with persistent asthma. Subjects: Primary care patients prescribed inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Methods: Survey. Results: A convenience sample of 141 subjects (78% female; 81% Black; 51% with ≤ high school education; 29% with commercial insurance; mean age 50.4 + 13.4; range 19-83) prescribed inhaled ICS for persistent asthma were enrolled from 5 sites (2 internal medicine, 2 family medicine and 1 federally qualified health clinic). Subjects completed a self-administered 39-item survey about their conventional and alternative asthma self management preferences, attitudes and beliefs. Seventy-six percent felt they needed daily ICS. Twenty-four subjects (17%) used ICS symptomatically. Additionally, 37% believed they were the best judge of whether they needed ICS or not. Several feared ICS addiction (21%) or tolerance (18%). Perhaps most distressing – 16% voiced concern that “someone may be experimenting on me by prescribing [ICS]” or that “someone may be experimenting on me by prescribing [ICS]” for writing ICS prescriptions. All subjects used some form of alternative self management, including fresh air/fan (84%), water (46%), steam/using warming therapies (35%), bathing/dressing prescriptives (30-35%), prayer (36%), teas (28%), coffee or “natural therapies” (18%), percussion (17%), or herbs, vitamins or mentholatum rubs (16%). Importantly, 31% felt the integration of both conventional and alternative approaches was superior to either one alone. Conclusions: Patients have unique self management preferences, attitudes and beliefs that, if identified and discussed, could serve as the foundation of a tailored plan of care that may reduce barriers to ICS use.
Public health and epidemiology II

The four papers presented in this session represent the diversity of the applications of computer science possible in public health and epidemiology. Although related in subject matter, each of the papers stresses a different aspect.
Giant M1 resonance in Pb.

Highly polarized tagged photons were used to measure the distribution of M1 transition strength in /sup 206/Pb at excitations between 6.7 and 8.1 MeV. The observed B(up-arrowM1) of about 19..mu../sub 0//sup 2/ can account for most of the isovector M1 strength that is expected in the Pb nucleus. This result in /sup 206/Pb is compared with the current experimental situation in /sup 208/Pb. The discrepancy between predicted and observed M1 strengths in /sup 208/Pb can probably be attributed to local fragmentation of the strength into states that are too weak to have yet all been identified.