cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
[American contributions to Japanese anesthesiology--a historical view].

Abstract The origin of anesthesiology in Japan can be traced back to 1804, when Seishu Hanaoka administered anesthesia. However, the present day anesthesiology in Japan was shaped by two programs in the 1950s supported by the United States (US) Government. The first US program to influence anesthesiology in Japan was the Unitarian Service Committee (USC) Medical Mission. The USC sent three anesthesiologists; Dr. Meyer Saklad in 1950, Dr. Perry Perry Volpitto in 1951 and Dr. Joseph Artusio in 1956. The impact of the program on Japanese anesthesiology has been long-lasting. The second program was called Government Account for Relief in Occupied Area (GARIOA). Under this program, two Japanese physicians finished anesthesiology training in the US. Examining the history of our profession helps us understand the dedication and commitment of our pioneers, and prepares us to take on existing challenges to further the vision and goals set by our pioneers. The past provides us with a framework and understanding for how we pursue future opportunities and aspirations.
The genesis of longitudinal vortices in free and bounded shear layers

Mechanisms giving rise to longitudinal vortices in quasi-parallel turbulent shear layers are considered. The flow is described using the Generalized Lagrangian-mean equations of Andrews & Mclntyre and is treated as a wave mean-flow interaction. Specifically, the wave field simultaneously acts both to distort the mean flow from its laminar form and account for turbulence fluctuations. Both spanwise-independent two-dimensional and three-dimensional wave fields are explored. In each case mechanisms exist to form longitudinal vortices; however the vortices grow exponentially fast only when excited by two-dimensional waves.
Penetration of external plasma into a rotation-driven magnetosphere

Thomsen et al. (2016) provide a new statistical analysis of nearly eight years of Cassini Plasma Spectrometer data, revealing that hot electrons injected from Saturn's outer magnetosphere penetrate into the inner magnetosphere, but only to a distinct inner edge whose location is independent of external solar wind properties. This result is fully consistent with the hypothesis that centrifugally driven interchange motion is responsible for plasma transport between inner and outer magnetosphere.
A Reverse Genetics Platform That Spans the Zika Virus Family Tree

ABSTRACT Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus discovered in 1947, has only recently caused large outbreaks and emerged as a significant human pathogen. In 2015, ZIKV was detected in Brazil, and the resulting epidemic has spread throughout the Western Hemisphere. Severe complications from ZIKV infection include neurological disorders such as Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults and a variety of fetal abnormalities, including microcephaly, blindness, placental insufficiency, and fetal demise. There is an urgent need for tools and reagents to study the pathogenesis of epidemic ZIKV and for testing vaccines and antivirals. Using a reverse genetics platform, we generated six ZIKV infectious clones and derivative viruses representing diverse temporal and geographic origins. These include three versions of MR766, the prototype 1947 strain (with and without a glycosylation site in the envelope protein), and H/PF/2013, a 2013 human isolate from French Polynesia representative of the virus introduced to Brazil. In the course of synthesizing a clone of a circulating Brazilian strain, phylogenetic studies identified two distinct ZIKV clades in Brazil. We reconstructed viable clones of strains SPH2015 and BeH819015, representing ancestral members of each clade. We assessed recombinant virus replication, binding to monoclonal antibodies, and virulence in mice. This panel of molecular clones and recombinant virus isolates will enable targeted studies of viral determinants of pathogenesis, adaptation, and evolution, as well as the rational attenuation of contemporary outbreak strains to facilitate the design of vaccines and therapeutics. IMPORTANCE Viral emergence is a poorly understood process as evidenced by the sudden emergence of Zika virus in Latin America and the Caribbean. Malleable reagents that both predate and span an expanding epidemic are key to understanding the virologic determinants that regulate pathogenesis and transmission. We have generated representative cDNA molecular clones and recombinant viruses that span the known ZIKV family tree, including early Brazilian isolates. Recombinant viruses replicated efficiently in cell culture and were pathogenic in immunodeficient mice, providing a genetic platform for rational vaccine and therapeutic design.
Academic entitlement and its relationship with perception of cheating ethics

ABSTRACTCheating is an epidemic in higher education. The author examined the psychological variable of academic entitlement and its relationship with the ethical perception of cheating using a sample of business students. Contrary to some previous research, the author found that millennials were only slightly more academically entitled than students from other generations but overall had a low sense of entitlement. Highly entitled business students viewed cheating actions as less unethical compared with less entitled students.
DNA Internal Motion Likely Accelerates Protein Target Search in a Packed Nucleoid

Transcription factors must diffuse through densely packed and coiled DNA to find their binding sites. Using a coarse-grained model of DNA and lac repressor (LacI) in the Escherichia coli nucleoid, simulations were performed to examine how LacI diffuses in such a space. Despite the canonical picture of LacI diffusing rather freely, in reality the DNA is densely packed, is not rigid but highly mobile, and the dynamics of DNA dictates to a great extent the LacI motion. A possibly better picture of unbound LacI motion is that of gated diffusion, where DNA confines LacI in a cage, but LacI can move between cages when hindering DNA strands move out of the way. Three-dimensional diffusion constants for unbound LacI computed from simulations closely match those for unbound LacI in vivo reported in the literature. The internal motions of DNA appear to be governed by strong internal forces arising from being crowded into the small space of the nucleoid. A consequence of the DNA internal motion is that protein target search may be accelerated.
The Potential and Limitations of IMRT: A Physicist’s Point of View

The basic idea underlying intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is that, in complex cases (and also in some not so complex cases, as we will discuss below), one needs radiation fields with optimized non-uniform spatial intensity distributions from different directions of incidence in order to achieve the desired dose distribution in the tumor target volumewithadequate sparing of the near-by critical structures. IMRT may be considered as a generalization of 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D CRT) in which multiple (sometimes non-coplanar) non-uniform radiation fields are used and shaped according to the projection of the tumor target volume, taking into consideration dose-volume constraints of the intervening and surrounding normal tissues. The two techniques are compared in Fig. 1. That radiation fields with highly non-uniform intensities are sometimes needed to create the desired uniform dose to the target volume was first recognized and described by Brahme et al. in 1982 [1]. They considered the irradiation of a ring-shaped target volume around a circular critical structure (organ at risk, OAR); see Fig. 2. This could be amodel of a tumor surrounding the spinal cord. The example could serve as a general motivation of IMRT. At first glance, an obvious treatment technique for such a tumor would be a rotation technique with a central block as schematically shown in Fig. 2. However, this does not produce a uniformdose distribution in the ring-shaped target. In fact, the resulting dose profile through the center of the ring falls off gradually toward the OAR, where the dose is almost zero, as desired (solid line at the bottom of Fig. 1). The considerable target dose inhomogeneity resulting from blocking the central part of the beam can be understood with the geometrical argument presented in the previous chapter. The idea of using IMRT in this example is that the dose distribution in the target can be made homogeneous by applying an inhomogeneous beam intensity distribution (beam profile) in the unblocked part of the beamas shownschematicallyby thedashed line inFig. 2. In this way the dose deficit in the target can be “filled up”. In reality the resulting dose distribution is of course not as perfect as depicted by the dashed line at the bottom of Fig. 2. There will be some scatter dose in the OAR, and the dose profile deviates somewhat from the rectangular shape due to the penumbra. Nevertheless, IMRT allows us to push the dose conformation potential to the physical limits. This means in particular that
In vitro and in vivo footprinting of the promoter region of the human vascular endothelial growth factor gene is consistent with G-quadruplex formation

6118 The proximal promoter region of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene consists of a polypurine (guanine)/polypyrimidine (cytosine) tract, which is known to be very dynamic in its conformation. We hypothesize that there could be a conformational transition between B-type DNA, melted DNA, and G-quadruplex structures within this polypurine/polypyrimidine tract present in the human VEGF promoter. To probe the possible transition from B-type DNA structures to alternate structures at the promoter region of the VEGF gene, we carried out in vitro and in vivo footprinting experiments on the VEGF promoter region with DNase I, S1 nuclease, and dimethyl sulfate (DMS) in this study. In vitro footprinting of the VEGF promoter region with DNase I and S1 nuclease revealed a long protected region including G-rich sequences, indicating the possible transition from B-DNA to unusual types of DNA structures at the VEGF promoter region. Interestingly, a striking hypersensitivity to both nucleases was found in the presence of KCl and telomestatin at the 3′-side residue of the predicted G-quadruplex-forming region, which could be the junction site separating the G-quadruplex from adjacent normal B-DNA. Footprint changes by both DNase I and S1 nuclease were significantly enhanced after the addition of KCl and telomestatin, indicating altered conformation of the VEGF proximal promoter region surrounding G-rich sequences under the conditions that favor the transition of B-type DNA structure to the G-quadruplexes. Our DMS-based genomic footprinting analysis of the VEGF promoter also provides strong evidence for possible alterations in DNA conformation with changes in this gene expression after exposure to TMPyP4 using A498 cells. The VEGF promoter is not well protected prior to TMPyP4 treatment, but following TMPyP4 treatment at the concentration that effectively inhibits the VEGF gene expression, most DMS-protected sites fall within (or close to) G-rich sequences consisting of four sets of 3-5 guanine repeats, forming a stable G-quadruplex structure in in vitro studies. Collectively, our results provide evidence that specific G-quadruplex structures can be formed in the VEGF promoter region, and that the transcription of these genes can be controlled by ligand-mediated G-quadruplex stabilization.
Animal Navigation: A Novel Map Strategy

Elegant new experiments show that migrant birds at high European latitudes can use magnetic declination to infer longitude.
A Shape Metric for Blum Ribbons

A Blum ribbon is a figure whose boundary is the envelope of a family of circles the centers of which lie along a single unbranched curve called its medial axis. Define a Blum ribbon to be simple if its medial axis is the line segment joining points (0,0) and (1,0). Any Blum ribbon can be made simple by flexing the medial axis, rotating, then dilating, all of which are basic transformations in Blum‘s geometry of shape. The Lie group SL(2, R) acts on circles centered on the x-axis by linear fractional transformations. By means of this action it is possible to associate to any simple Blum ribbon a curve in SL(2, R). A distance between corresponding points lying on such curves is defined using the bi-invariant metric on SL(2, R). Resulting scale-invariant metrics on the set of figures defined as Blum ribbons are described and it is shown that these metrics can provide effective measures of shape difference.
Family-School-Community Interventions for Chronically Disruptive Students: An Evaluation of Outcomes in an Alternative School.

In the current educational climate, educators are challenged to balance safety issues with compulsory attendance. The presence of violence, weapons, drugs, and alcohol at school disrupts and interferes with the educational process. Those students who interfere with the learning of others may need additional services to enable them to be successful in school. There is evidence to suggest that these students’ misbehavior results from unmet physical, emotional, or social needs. Certain types of alternative schools provide psychosocial and educational interventions for these students. However, divergent missions and lack of empirical evaluations have failed to identify effective interventions for students assigned to alternative schools for disciplinary reasons. Accordingly, this study was conducted in an alternative school at which the first author was the school social worker. Specifically, the study examined the following psychosocial variables: self-esteem, depression, locus of control, and life skills using a pre-test and post-test design to measure changes at post-assignment as a way of evaluating the effectiveness of the program. In addition, educational variables, absences, grades, and school status were examined using a simple times series design to study changes and to further evaluate program effectiveness. Participants evidenced statistically significant improvements in self-esteem, life skills, attendance, and grade point average upon successful completion of assignment to the school community journal
Carbohydrate strategies for injury prevention.

Abstract Prevention of injury involves identifying risk factors that would predispose one to injury and developing strategies to attenuate or eliminate their presence. Because muscle glycogen depletion is associated with fatigue and injury, it should be treated as a possible risk factor. Muscle glycogen stores are derived almost entirely from carbohydrate intake. Because there is a limited capacity to store muscle glycogen, and because muscle glycogen is the predominant fuel in exercise of moderate to severe intensity, the nutritional focus should be on carbohydrate consumption. Easy-to-follow nutritional strategies should be employed that will maximize muscle glycogen stores and delay the onset of fatigue. Individuals involved in activities lasting less than 60 minutes need to consume an adequate amount of carbohydrate daily and a pre-event meal before the start of the activity. However, individuals participating in activities longer than 60 minutes or participating in activities requiring repeated bouts of high intensity exercise need to: 1) consume an adequate amount of carbohydrate daily, 2) practice carbohydrate loading, 3) consume the pre-event meal, and 4) ingest carbohydrates immediately before, during, and after the activity.
Programs and Software Development

A program is a sequence of instructions together with data definitions. The computer executes the program by performing one instruction after the other in the specified order. The first part of this chapter describes the general programming concepts, the second part of the chapter explains program compilation and program execution. Developing programs involves following a software development process. This is essential to increase the quality of software produced at a reasonable cost. This chapter also presents the preliminary concepts of program development process.
The Energizer Bunny Meets Shirley Temple: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Combined Type

“She will not sit still and be quiet! She just goes and goes nonstop.” Jenna 's exasperated mother moaned during the initial clinical interview. Her voice was tinged with both frustration and guilt over her reactions to her daughter 's behavior that occasionally resulted in abrupt, sharp rebukes. In addition, Jenna herself had begun to realize that something was “wrong.” This previously effervescent and optimistic child began to remark that she was stupid and dumb and was being ridiculed by peers at school.
Paths to Fertility Reduction: The ‘Policy Cube’

What policy options are available to deal with the problem of rapid population growth in developing countries, and how are they to be addressed?
Upgrade of the ATLAS muon system for the HL-LHC

Abstract The muon spectrometer of the ATLAS detector will be significantly upgraded during the Phase-II upgrade in Long Shutdown 3 in order to cope with the operational conditions at the High-Luminosity LHC in Run 4 and beyond. Most of the electronics for the Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC), Thin Gap Chambers (TGC), and Monitored Drift Tube (MDT) chambers will be replaced to make them compatible with the higher trigger rates and longer latencies necessary for the new level-0 trigger. The MDT chambers will be integrated into the level-0 trigger in order to sharpen the momentum threshold. Additional RPC chambers will be installed in the inner barrel layer to increase the acceptance and robustness of the trigger. Some of the MDT chambers in the inner barrel layer will be replaced with new small-diameter MDTs. New TGC triplet chambers in the barrel–endcap transition region will replace the current TGC doublets to suppress the high trigger rate from random coincidences in this region. The power system for the RPC, TGC, and MDT chambers and electronics will need to be replaced due to component obsolescence, aging, and radiation damage. A high- η tagger is under consideration to extend the angular acceptance for muon identification. The Phase-II upgrade concludes the process of adapting the muon spectrometer to the ever increasing performance of the LHC, which started with the Phase-I upgrade New Small Wheel project that will replace the Cathode Strip Chambers and the MDT chambers of the innermost endcap wheels by Micromegas and small-strip TGCs.
Fixed-Point Posets in Theories of Truth

We show that any coherent complete partial order (ccpo) is obtainable as the fixed-point poset of the strong Kleene jump of a suitably chosen first-order ground model. This is a strengthening of Visser’s result that any finite ccpo is obtainable in this way. The same is true for the van Fraassen supervaluation jump, but not for the weak Kleene jump.
GW29-e0164 A Tale of two STEMIs

Occasionally a clinical dilemma occurs when two patients with a myocardial infarction associated wth ST segment elevation on the electrocardiogram, arrive in the emergency department at the same time. When two patients with a myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation arrive in the emergency
Fruit and rot: Vegetal theology in Perceforest

In the French prose romance Perceforest, an extended passage describes the Creator as a tree bearing the world’s creatures on its branches like fruit. The fruit draws nourishment from the tree as from a breast before coming to ripeness, falling to the ground, rotting, and eventually being resurrected in a new form. The imagery of fruit and rot evokes Eucharistic and alchemical traditions, suggesting a vegetal model of death and resurrection. In Perceforest, rot is an essential part of a cyclical cosmos, while bodies that refuse to rot are dangerous and must be destroyed. By purging the British forests of unrotted bodies, the hero Gallafur restores the vegetal cycle of decay and rebirth, and shows himself to be worthy of the throne.
Adjuvant combined-modality therapy for stage IIIC endometrioid and non-endometrioid endometrial cancer.

Abstract Objective To identify the optimal adjuvant treatment regimen for patients with endometrioid and non-endometrioid node-positive endometrial cancer. Methods We retrospectively identified 249 women with FIGO 2009 stage IIIC endometrial cancer at our institution who underwent surgical staging from 1985 to 2015 followed by external beam radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy (CT), or a combination of CT + RT. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results The 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rate for all patients was 65%. Adjuvant CT + RT conferred higher rates of 5-year DSS as compared to CT alone in patients with grade 3 endometrioid and non-endometrioid tumors (61% vs. 27%, P = 0.04 and 67% vs. 38%, P = 0.02, respectively). Among patients with non-endometrioid tumors, treatment with concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by additional sequential chemotherapy had higher 5-year DSS rates than with concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone (74% vs. 50%, P = 0.02). The 3-year pelvic recurrence rate was 5% with RT ± CT and 35% with CT alone (P Conclusions Combined-modality therapy including adjuvant external beam pelvic radiotherapy yields excellent outcomes for patients with all subtypes of node-positive endometrial cancer. The most pronounced DSS advantage from adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was evident in women with non-endometrioid endometrial cancer.
SOX2 is required for inner ear growth and cochlear nonsensory formation before sensory development.

ABSTRACT The transcription factor sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) is required for the formation of hair cells and supporting cells in the inner ear and is a widely used sensory marker. Paradoxically, we demonstrate via fate mapping that, initially, SOX2 primarily marks nonsensory progenitors in the mouse cochlea, and is not specific to all sensory regions until late otic vesicle stages. SOX2 fate mapping reveals an apical-to-basal gradient of SOX2 expression in the sensory region of the cochlea, reflecting the pattern of cell cycle exit. To understand SOX2 function, we undertook a timed-deletion approach, revealing that early loss of SOX2 severely impaired morphological development of the ear, whereas later deletions resulted in sensory disruptions. During otocyst stages, SOX2 shifted dramatically from a lateral to medial domain over 24-48 h, reflecting the nonsensory-to-sensory switch observed by fate mapping. Early loss or gain of SOX2 function led to changes in otic epithelial volume and progenitor proliferation, impacting growth and morphological development of the ear. Our study demonstrates a novel role for SOX2 in early otic morphological development, and provides insights into the temporal and spatial patterns of sensory specification in the inner ear.
Single-walled carbon nanohorns modulate tenocyte cellular response and tendon biomechanics.

Subfailure ligament and tendon injury remain a significant burden to global healthcare. Here, we present the use of biocompatible single-walled carbon nanohorns (CNH) as a potential treatment for the repair of sub-failure injury in tendons. First, in vitro exposure of CNH to human tenocytes revealed no change in collagen deposition but a significant decrease in cell metabolic activity after 14 days. Additionally, gene expression studies revealed significant downregulation of collagen Types I and III mRNA at 7 days with some recovery after 14 days of exposure. Biomechanical tests with explanted porcine digitorum tendons showed the ability of CNH suspensions to modulate tendon biomechanics, most notably elastic moduli immediately after treatment. in vivo experiments demonstrated the ability of CNH to persist in the damaged matrix of stretch-injured Sprague Dawley rat Achilles tendon but not significantly modify tendon biomechanics after 7 days of treatment. Although these results demonstrate the early feasibility of utility of CNH as a potential modality for tendon subfailure injury, additional work is needed to further validate and ensure clinical efficacy.
Assurances of Voluntary Compliance: A Regulatory Mechanism to Reduce Youth Access to E-Cigarettes and Limit Retail Tobacco Marketing

Objectives. To evaluate assurances of voluntary compliance (AVCs) between state attorneys general and retail chains by assessing e-cigarette sales to underage decoys and tobacco marketing violation...
Impact of a nurse-led limited risk factor modification program on arrhythmia outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing catheter ablation.

BACKGROUND We have previously demonstrated the feasibility of a nurse-led risk factor modification (RFM) program for improving weight loss and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) care among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). OBJECTIVE We now report its impact on arrhythmia outcomes in a subgroup of patients undergoing catheter ablation. METHODS Participating patients with obesity and/or need for OSA management (high risk per Berlin Questionnaire or untreated OSA) underwent in-person consultation and monthly telephone calls with the nurse for up to 1 year. Arrhythmias were assessed by office ECGs and ≥2 wearable monitors. Outcomes, defined as Arrhythmia control (0-6 self-terminating recurrences, with ≤1 cardioversion for nonparoxysmal AF) and Freedom from arrhythmias (no recurrences on or off antiarrhythmic drugs), were compared at 1 year between patients undergoing catheter ablation who enrolled and declined RFM. RESULTS Between 1 November 2016 and 1 April 2018, 195 patients enrolled and 196 declined RFM (body mass index, 35.1 ± 6.7 vs 34.3 ± 6.3 kg/m2 ; 50% vs 50% paroxysmal AF; P = NS). At 1 year, enrolled patients demonstrated significant weight loss (4.7% ± 5.3% vs 0.3% ± 4.4% in declined patients; P < .0001) and improved OSA care (78% [n = 43] of patients diagnosed with OSA began treatment). However, outcomes were similar between enrolled and declined patients undergoing ablation (arrhythmia control in 80% [n = 48] vs 79% [n = 38]; freedom from arrhythmia in 58% [n = 35] vs 71% [n = 34]; P = NS). CONCLUSION Despite improving weight loss and OSA care, our nurse-led RFM program did not impact 1-year arrhythmia outcomes in patients with AF undergoing catheter ablation.
Synergistic Growth in Number of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Matches at Pennsylvania State College of Medicine After 2016

In 2016, when interventional radiology (IR) separated from diagnostic radiology (DR), the future implications were unknown. The goal of this study is to investigate trends in DR and IR matches at Penn State College of Medicine (PSCOM) from 2011-2020, particularly before and after 2016. This retrospective study generated descriptive statistics and paired t-tests, finding a statistically significant difference in mean number of DR and IR matches before and after 2016. More specifically, the number of DR matches increased from 3.8 to 6.4 (p = 0.0004) and IR matches increased from 0 to 2 (p = 0.03). These trends suggest a synergistic growth in both specialties.
A 3-Week, Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet Improves Multiple Serum Inflammatory Markers in Endurance-Trained Males.

Waldman, HS, Heatherly, AJ, Killen, LG, Hollingsworth, A, Koh, Y, and O'Neal, EK. A three-week, low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet improves multiple serum inflammatory markers in endurance-trained males. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-This study examined the effects of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet (LCHF) on inflammatory marker responses in middle-aged endurance athletes. Eight male runners maintained their habitual mixed diet (HMD) in the first phase of the study before switching to a noncalorically restricted LCHF diet (∼70% of kcals from fat; carbohydrate <50 g) for 3 weeks. Subjects completed a 50-minute fixed pace treadmill running protocol in a hot environment, followed by a 5-km outdoor time trial. Fasting serum samples were collected immediately after exercise and heat stress restriction, and again 24 hours after the exercise/heat stressor. Thirty inflammation markers were assessed using the multiplex flow immunoassay technique. Seven markers (BAFF/TNFSF-13, sCD30/TNFRSF8, sCD163, Chitinase3-like1, gp130SIL-6Rβ, sTNFR-1, and sTNFR-2) reached statistical significance (p < 0.05) favoring LCHF before exercise, and sCD30/TNFRSF8 favored (p < 0.05) LCHF before (HMD = 459 ± 111; LCHF = 296 ± 100) and after (HMD = 385 ± 104; LCHF = 285 ± 104 pg·ml) exercise. Although the current dietary intervention was short in duration, LCHF seems to offer some protection against multiple chronic inflammation markers for physically active men between ages 30 and 50 years.
PROPOSTA DE SISTEMATIZAÇÃO PARA AUMENTO DE EFETIVIDADE EM GESTÃO DE PROJETOS: ESTUDO DE CASO COM A UTILIZAÇÃO DA FERRAMENTA DIGITAL ASANA

Os beneficios da padronizacao de processos sao amplamente conhecidos por empresas que visam alcancar a excelencia operacional. Nesse cenario, novos modelos de gestao em âmbito digital oferecem ferramentas inovadoras capazes de auxiliar os lideres e as equipes em planejamento, monitoramento e controle de seus projetos. Diante dessa realidade, a pesquisa objetiva aperfeicoar e tornar efetiva a utilizacao da ferramenta de gerenciamento de tarefas Asana em uma empresa especializada em gestao de projetos. Tal pesquisa tem carater exploratorio, a qual foi aplicado um questionario estruturado para coleta de dados em formato de estudo de caso e tem cunho quantitativo. As respostas do questionario apresentaram a compreensao dos usuarios em relacao a efetividade da ferramenta e o impacto que ela causa nos resultados dos projetos, bem como o entendimento de que e uma desvantagem estrategica nao haver uma padronizacao para utilizacao do Asana. Apos analise dos resultados, foi proposto um modelo de sistematizacao visando a padronizacao do metodo de planejamento das sprints.
Reconstructing a metazoan genetic pathway with transcriptome-wide epistasis measurements

RNA-seq is commonly used to identify genetic modules that respond to perturbations. In single cells, transcriptomes have been used as phenotypes, but this concept has not been applied to whole-organism RNA-seq. Linear models can quantify expression effects of individual mutants and identify epistatic effects in double mutants. To make interpretation of these high-dimensional measurements intuitive, we developed a single coefficient to quantify transcriptome-wide epistasis that accurately reflects the underlying interactions. To demonstrate our approach, we sequenced four single and two double mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans . From these mutants, we reconstructed the known hypoxia pathway. In addition, we uncovered a class of 56 genes that have opposing changes in expression in egl-9(lf) compared to vhl-1(lf) but the egl-9(lf); vhl-1(lf) mutant has the same phenotype as egl-9(lf) . This class violates the classical model of HIF-1 regulation, but can be explained by postulating a role of hydroxylated HIF-1 in transcriptional control.
Elbow Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction using Suture Tape Augmentation

Abstract Elbow ulnar collateral ligament injuries are on the rise among throwing athletes. The gold standard for the management of this injury in elite athletes is reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) with a tendon graft. While multiple reconstruction techniques have been described with successful outcomes and low complication rates, no single technique has demonstrated superiority over another. A recent concept with growing interest for addressing ligament injuries is suture bridge augmentation as an internal brace. Recent biomechanical data has demonstrated favorable results using suture bridge augmentation for elbow UCL repair, however a reconstruction technique using this concept and tendon allograft has not yet been described. Proposed advantages include limited surgical dissection and ulnar nerve handling as well as placement of single bony sockets in the ulna and humerus, thereby minimizing the potential for bony failure and fracture. We describe our surgical technique of UCL reconstruction of the elbow using tendon allograft augmented with an internal brace and provide a case illustration of a young, adolescent baseball pitcher.
Metamorphic 1.7 eV InGaP front- and rear-junction solar cells with high open- circuit voltage

We present a materials and device study on metamorphic 1.7 eV In 0.63 Ga 0.37 P (MM InGaP) grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) greatly enhanced time-resolved photoluminescence lifetimes (τ TRPL ) of both MM p- and n-InGaP double heterostructures (DHs), suggesting the potential for high-performance MM 1.7 eV InGaP solar cells. MM InGaP front-junction (FJ) cells show high peak internal quantum efficiency (IQE), while MM rear-heterojunction (RHJ) InGaP cells show low W OC = E g /q-V OC values.
Evaluation of the quality of life in LFA villages in the region of Prachatice.

There is analyzed the subjective assessment of quality of life in communities in LFA Prachatice as it perceived by the inhabitants of these villages. LFA areas are rate as less favoured areas. Most of the surveyed population is economically active and they assess their current life situation as good. In a comprehensive evaluation of life indicators (see tab. 3.), there are defined two groups of people, group of satisfied residents and a group of people more satisfied. Most critically was assessed local transport infrastructure. In the studie area hasn´t 66% villages natural gas network. More than ¾ majority of the inhabitants of these villages, however, hasn´t interest of natural gas network in their community and do not perceive this fact as a reduction in quality of life. Were examined the existence and tightness of the link between civic activity (civic activity was represented by two attributes – see tab. 5) and selected indicators (size of community, population education, age, and patriotizmus position in the labor market). It isn´t shown a link between education and civic activity, and vice versa has been demonstrated the link between civic activity and size of villages. Other indicators correspond with at least one of the attributes of civic activities. The mechanism of binding has been investigated by sign scheme. We came to interesting conclusions. Worth noting is the fact that it has been shown that people aged 18-29 years with the development of villages hasn´t interested. With this corresponds the fact that people with "different" position on the labor market (these are mainly students and young unemployed) than they are employees, self-employed and seniors, they don´t engaging of active work to develop villages.
Timed $$\pi $$-Calculus

We extend $$\pi $$ -calculus with real-time by adding clocks and assigning time-stamps to actions. The resulting formalism, timed $$\pi $$ -calculus, provides a simple and novel way to annotate transition rules of $$\pi $$ -calculus with timing constraints. Timed $$\pi $$ -calculus is an expressive way of describing mobile, concurrent, real-time systems in which the behavior of systems is modeled by finite or infinite sequences of timed events. We develop an operational semantics as well as a notion of timed bisimilarity for the proposed language. We present the properties of timed bisimilarity; in particular, expansion theorem for real-time, concurrent, mobile processes is investigated.
Cathy Ragland, Música Norteña: Mexican Migrants Creating a Nation Between Nations : Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2009. xii, 251 pp. ISBN 978-1-59213-746-6. Hardcover, $79.95.

This book is a detailed, responsibly researched and clearly written account of an important genre of Mexican popular music: the genre with the most traditional elements, with the least respect from...
Do implantable cardioverter defibrillators lower mortality risk in patients with cardiomyopathy

Do implantable cardioverter defibrillators lower mortality risk in patients with cardiomyopathy?
Photoluminescence line shape in films with Sm selective doping

Abstract CaF 2 films were grown on Si by molecular beam epitaxy. Sm doped layer was deposited at different distances from the interface. Shapes of Sm photoluminescence lines sensitive to crystal strain were analyzed in films of different thicknesses. Contributions of edge dislocations lying on the interface and distributed throughout the film were separated and there densities were estimated.
Using Research to Improve Biomedical Communications

This chapter introduces the book that provides a general introduction to the current levels of biomedical literacy in the United States, examines the communication of messages to inform consumers and potential patients about specific health issues or problems, examines the communication of messages designed to influence public policy, and sets these processes in the general context of the political and communications systems of the modern American society. There are two purposes that biomedical communications are designed to serve. First, most biomedical communications are designed to convey health and medical information to individuals to assist them in making nutritional, medical, and behavioral decisions or to help them identify conditions or symptoms that merit examination by a health professional. Second, some biomedical communications are designed to stimulate citizens to become aware of and concerned about a particular problem and to join in the policy formulation debate. Using data from recent national studies, the book describes present patterns of knowledge, attitude, and information acquisition; discusses some of the implications for communicators and communications programs; and outlines strategies for enhancing the effectiveness of biomedical communication.
Towards a post-capitalist-politics of food: cultivating subjects of community economies

Agriculture is an increasingly capitalized and industrialized enterprise that has resulted in the alienation of consumers from the process of food production. The separation of consumers from producers is a fundamental source of nonsustainability in the modern food system. In this paper, we present three case examples of civic agriculture representing a breadth of alternatives in the social and spatial organization of agricultural production and distribution. In all cases, producers form associations to engage directly with alternative modes of production, and create markets that enroll consumers in the process of food production and distribution. We argue, using Gibson-Graham’s (2006) “postcapitalist politics” that the (re)negotiation of the economic basis of agriculture generates new subjectivities directed toward a more integrated, interdependent and cooperative economy of agriculture.
Physical Attractiveness and Blood Pressure Sex and Age Differences

Four studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between physical attractiveness and resting blood pressure. In two samples of adolescents, there were significant sex by attractiveness interaction effects on blood pressure. Unattractive females had significantly higher mean pressures than attractive females, even when controlling for obesity. The attractiveness of males was not generally related to their blood pressures. A fourth study investigated the generalizability of the sex by attractiveness interaction effect to an older sample of adults, but no significant effects were found. Taken together, these results suggested sex and age differences in the motivational salience of physical attractiveness and help illuminate the internal arousal potential of external physical characteristics.
Subduction zone recycling processes and the rock record of crustal suture zonesThis article is one of a series of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme Lithoprobe — parameters, processes, and the evolution of a continent.

Offshore observations at modern ocean-margin subduction zones (OMSZs) reveal that bodies of accreted material are commonly volumetrically small or missing, that crustal thinning and subsidence (3–5...
Shifts in the intracellular ATP pools of immobilised Nostoc cells (Cyanobacteria) induced by water stress

Immobilised, desiccated cells ofNostoc commune UTEX 584 have the capacity to increase the size of their extractable intracellular ATP pool upon rewetting. The time taken to recover the pool size depends on the conditions of storage at a particular water potential and the duration of storage. Under the conditions employed, the rewetting of cells induced an increase in ATP pool size at the expense of photophosphorylation or electron transport (oxidative) phosphorylation. The rise in the ATP pool size was instantaneous and was shown to be due to ATP synthesis. This increase did not occur when cells were rewetted in the presence of sodium azide (10 mmol/l), while a partial inhibition was observed with CCCP (carbonyl cyanidem-chlorophenylhydrazone; 2 μmol/l). For cells dried at more extreme water potentials, the lag ofc 48 h observed before the ATP pool reached control values is of similar duration to that observed in the recovery of nitrogenase upon rewetting. Chloramphenicol (10 μmol/l) stimulated significantly the upshift in the size of the ATP pool ofNostoc cells upon rewetting, yet inhibited completely the rise in nitrogenase activity.
Helium-chlorine charge transfer: an explanation for chlorine ion emission behavior in helium discharges

Abstract Emission from chlorine ions in helium discharges is intense and cannot be explained on the basis of Boltzmann and Sana considerations alone. Presented is a study which reconciles observed ion emission based upon charge-transfer ionization-excitation of ground state chlorine atoms by helium ions. The 3 s 3 p 5 3 P 0 chlorine ion state populated by this reaction serves as a reservoir to populate nearby electronic states which are involved in the observed emission. This model explains why intense chlorine ion emission is observed in helium discharges, but not in those of argon.
Congenital Aortic Stenosis, Coarctation of the Aorta and Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Report of Two Cases

Aortic stenosis combined with coarctation of the aorta has been reported by a small number of writers. In 1955 Smith and Matthews1 were able to collect 24 autopsied cases from the literature. Marquis and Logan2 have listed three additional patients. The clinical diagnosis has been made in a few others.1’ 3, In the majority of instances the aortic stenosis was believed to be an acquired lesion.1 That the combination is more common than these figures would indicate and that the aortic stenosis may frequently be of congenital origin is attested by its presence in eight of 37 individuals reported by one of us in whom the stenosis could not be considered to be acquired. Two patients have been seen who, in addition to congenital aortic stenosis and coarctation of the aorta, had a patent ductus arteriosus. Because the ductus introduces certain further physiologic and therapeutic problems, these cases are being reported.
Fertility and the human capital loss of non-participation.

This article analyzes the earnings penalty of non-participation faced by women who withdraw occasionally from the labor force in Canada. The Canadian Fertility Survey (CFS) was used for the econometric analysis based on labor market events taking place in the late 1970s or early 1980s. The CFS is a retrospective survey of the labor market and the fertility history of 5000 Canadian women. The result of the analysis is that labor market interruptions are typically longer when explained by fertility. The distribution of time from entrance until the first interruption and the duration of the interruption reveal the importance of heterogeneity. The more educated women in particular return to work much faster but do not seem to work longer (before interrupting) than other women do. The earning analysis revealed that when potential endogeneity is ignored there exist a negative relationship between interruption duration and female earnings. Furthermore all things being equal women who interrupt for fertility have higher earnings than women who interrupt for other reasons probably because interruption was driven by fertility which is considered a necessity for a large number of women.
Evaluation of St. Louis encephalitis virus/dengue virus type 4 antigenic chimeric viruses in mice and rhesus monkeys.

Abstract To develop a live attenuated virus vaccine against St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus, two antigenic chimeric viruses were generated by replacing the membrane precursor and envelope protein genes of dengue virus type 4 (DEN4) with those from SLE with or without a 30 nucleotide deletion in the DEN4 3′ untranslated region of the chimeric genome. Chimeric viruses were compared with parental wild-type SLE for level of neurovirulence and neuroinvasiveness in mice and for safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy in rhesus monkeys. The resulting viruses, SLE/DEN4 and SLE/DEN4Δ30, had greatly reduced neuroinvasiveness in immunodeficient mice but retained neurovirulence in suckling mice. Chimerization of SLE with DEN4 resulted in only moderate restriction in replication in rhesus monkeys, whereas the presence of the Δ30 mutation led to over-attenuation. Introduction of previously described attenuating paired charge-to-alanine mutations in the DEN4 NS5 protein of SLE/DEN4 reduced neurovirulence in mice and replication in rhesus monkeys. Two modified SLE/DEN4 viruses, SLE/DEN4-436,437 clone 41 and SLE/DEN4-654,655 clone 46, have significantly reduced neurovirulence in mice and conferred protective immunity in monkeys against SLE challenge. These viruses may be considered for use as SLE vaccine candidates and for use as diagnostic reagents with reduced virulence.
Simple geometry gridless ion mirror.

A gridless variation of the cylindrical ion mirror has been designed to create an electric field that is nonlinear in the axial direction and nearly homogeneous in the radial direction. The designs may include one or two chambers that consist of truncated cones. This new design concept yields ion mirrors with improved energy focusing over conventional single-field and multiple-field mirrors. Conventionally, ion mirrors with nonlinear field gradient use multiple diaphragm electrodes to which distinct voltages are applied. In this work, optimized nonlinear field distributions are achieved through shaping only two or three electrodes and applying only one or two voltages on the electrodes. The designs presented here offer high resolving power and low ion dispersion. SIMION simulations of performance from the ion source to the detector demonstrate resolving powers of 11 000 and 1750 for ions with kinetic energy variations of 7.5% and 23.6%, respectively.
An investigation of the line structure of a helical TEA-CO2-laser

Abstract The line structure of a helical type TEA-CO2-laser is investigated with the help of a Fabry-Perot interferometer. Whereas multi-shot measurements with a pyroelectric detector show emission within a band of 500 MHz, single-shot photographs of the interferometer fringes reveal a single mode emission the frequency of which changes from shot to shot within the above band of 500 MHz.
A Ratio Hypothesis Pertaining to the Biological Action of Poisons and Drugs

In a previous publication (3) a working hypothesis was presented to explain the relationship found to exist between the concentration of administered poison and the survival time of insects injected with sodium metarsenite. This hypothesis, which will be referred to here as the “ratio hypothesis,” was stated briefly in a generalized form and at greater length in a mathematical form. The physicochemical interpretation of the data rested upon an assumed variable ionization of the arsenite within the range of concentrations used. The purpose of the present paper is to state the generalized form of the ratio hypothesis more precisely, to distinguish between this hypothesis and any physicochemical interpretation that may be associated with it, and to accept as more likely for sodium metarsenite another tentative interpretation which is based upon degree of ionization of the arsenious acid produced by hydrolysis rather than upon degree of ionization of the sodium metarsenite.[2][1] [1]: #fn-1