cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Optical Coherence Tomography and Retinal Histology in Normal and Pro23His Retinal Degeneration Pig.

Purpose We correlate optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal layer thickness measurements with histology in wild-type and retinal degenerative pigs. Methods OCT scans were obtained using the Bioptigen Envisu R2200. In normal pigs, three eyes were imaged in vivo, and three eyes were imaged after enucleation. In the Pro23His retinal degeneration pigs (P23H), one eye was imaged in vivo and four eyes were imaged after enucleation. All eyes were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and processed for histology. Corresponding retinal locations on OCT and histology were identified using anatomic landmarks (optic nerve, retinal vessels, visual streak). Individual retinal layer thicknesses were measured by two independent, masked graders, and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to determine agreement. OCT and histologic retinal thickness measurements were averaged and compared. Results OCT and histologic measurements correlated highly in normal and diseased eyes (R 2 = 0.91 and 0.92, respectively), and scans performed in vivo and ex vivo did not differ significantly. Despite good overall correlation, certain individual retinal layers (e.g., retinal nerve fiber layer [NFL], inner [INL] and outer [ONL] nuclear layers) appeared thicker on OCT compared to histology, while other layers (e.g., retinal pigment epithelium) appeared thinner. No statistically significant difference was found between OCT and histology for any retinal layer thickness measurement. Conclusions Retinal layer thickness measurements correlate well with histology in pig eyes, but differences in individual retinal layers may be seen. Translational relevance OCT may be used in pigs to measure retinal thicknesses with good overall correlation to histologic measurements.
Maternal age influences the number of primordial follicles in the ovaries of yearling Angus heifers

Abstract The number of antral follicles detectable by ultrasonography in heifers is influenced by age of the dam, because daughters of primiparous cows have fewer antral follicles than daughters of mature cows. We, therefore, hypothesized that heifers with primiparous dams would have fewer primordial follicles in their ovaries than heifers born to mature (4+ y) cows. Angus heifers (n = 464) were submitted for ultrasonographic evaluation of antral follicle number at 325, 355, and 385 d of age. Ovaries were collected from a random subset of heifers (n = 79) and processed for histological evaluation to determine number of primordial follicles. A greater percentage of heifers with primiparous dams had a corpus luteum at first ultrasonographic examination; however, a greater percentage of heifers with multiparous dams had ovulated by the start of breeding (P
Abstract TMP19: Mobile Stroke Units have Higher Rates of Recanalization of Emergent Large Vessel Occlusion

Introduction: Emergent Large Vessel Occlusion (ELVO) has low recanalization rates with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA). Ultra-early treatment with IV tPA, however, may lead to hig...
Collecting Virtual and Augmented Reality in the Twenty-First Century Library

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss possible pedagogical applications for virtual and augmented reality (VR and AR), within a humanities/social sciences curriculum, articulating a critical need for a...
Video assisted thoracoscopic surgery vs . thoracotomy for lobectomy: why are we still talking about this?

Recently published results from Long et al . in the February 2018 edition of the Annals of Thoracic Surgery report on a completed surgical trial that many thoracic surgeons may have deemed mission impossible: a trial comparing results for patients undergoing lobectomy for early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were randomized by approach to resection by video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) versus axillary thoracotomy (1).
Cholinergic Dysfunction in Mania and Movement Disorders

Clinical investigations on the role of cholinergic mechanisms in neurological and psychiatric disorders have been facilitated by at least three important advances. The first is the increasing elucidation of the role of brain ACh by basic scientists. The improved assays for Ch and ACh in biological fluids have also improved clinical studies. Finally, the use of the physostigmine infusion to increase central cholinergic activity in human subjects has become an important investigational tool. These studies have strengthened the conviction of some investigators that relative cholinergic underactivity may play a role in some neuropsychiatric disorders.
Misadventures In Conditional Expectation: The Two-Envelope Problem

Several fallacies of conditionalization are illustrated, using the two-envelope problem as a case in point
Abstract 033: Genetic Polymorphisms Associated With Apparent Treatment-Resistant Hypertension in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

The risk of suffering from apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (ATRH) increases more than 4-folds in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) comparing to general population, although cause...
Diagnosis of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy using Raman Hyperspectroscopy

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common and severe form of muscular dystrophy and affects boys in infancy or early childhood. DMD is known to trigger progressive muscle weakness due to skeletal muscle degeneration and ultimately causes death. There are limited treatment regimens available that can either slow or stop the progression of DMD. An accurate and specific method for diagnosing DMD in its earliest stages is needed to prevent progressive muscle degeneration and death. Current methods for diagnosing DMD are often laborious, expensive, invasive, and typically diagnose the disease later on it is progression. In an effort to improve the accuracy and ease of diagnosis, this study focused on developing a novel method for diagnosing DMD which combines Raman hyperspectroscopic analysis of blood serum with advanced statistical analysis. Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), was applied to the spectral dataset acquired from control and mdx blood serum of 3- and 12-month old mice to build a diagnostic algorithm. Internal cross-validation showed 95.2% sensitivity and 94.6% specificity for identifying diseased spectra. These results were verified using external validation, which achieved 100% successful classification efficiency at the level of individual donor. This proof-of-concept study presents Raman hyperspectroscopic analysis of blood serum as a fast, non-expensive, minimally invasive and early detection method for the diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Rare presentation of vertebral discitis, osteomyelitis and polyarticular septic arthritis due to disseminated Neisseria gonorrhea infection.

Disseminated Neisseria gonorrhea (N. Gonorrhoeae) infection can present with polyarticular involvement. Acute vertebral discitis/osteomyelitis due to this organism infection has been rarely reporte...
Chapter 10 – Cognitive Services for the User

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of several speech- and audio-processing technologies exploiting the voice and acoustic noise streams that are likely to be available to a software-defined cognitive radio (CR). An integrated approach to user authentication and architecture to enhance trusted radio communications networks has been presented. User authentication, via generalized biometrics, can be combined with other authenticators to provide a continuous, flexible, and strong system. This biometrically enhanced authentication system approach can be extended to become part of a CR system that learns about users, situations, and surroundings and takes appropriate proactive or reactive actions. The chapter presents generalized biometric authentication, where the user's distinctive behaviors and traits are learned and recognized. It also discusses that an advanced CR will capitalize on these technologies to learn about and take action based on user preferences, availability of resources, and other elements of the situation and environment. A high-impact implication of this technology is the ability to reduce the complexity of the man-machine interface with the radio.
Intersubjectivity and the cinematic thing: diasporic Being-with in Claire Denis’s 35 Rhums

This article argues that Claire Denis’s 35 Rhums (2008) emphasizes everyday things as mediators of intersubjective connectivity. The film’s repeated shots of household appliances (rice cookers), tr...
Age Predicts Older Adults' Driving Self-Regulation but Not Dangerous Driving Behaviors after Controlling for Executive Function.

OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to examine the unique contributions of age to objectively measure driving frequency and dangerous driving behaviors in healthy older adults after adjusting for executive function (EF). METHOD A total of 28 community-dwelling older adults (mean age = 82.0 years, standard deviation [SD] = 7.5) without dementia who were in good physical health and enrolled in a longitudinal aging study completed several EF and clinical self-report measures at baseline. Participants subsequently had a sensor installed in their vehicle for a mean of 208 (SD = 38, range = 127-257) days. RESULTS Participants drove for an average of 54 min per day. Mixed-effects models indicated that after controlling for EF, older age was associated with less time driving per day, decreased number of trips, and less nighttime driving. Age was not associated with hard brakes or hard accelerations. DISCUSSION After accounting for EF, greater age is associated with higher driving self-regulation but not dangerous driving behaviors in healthy older adults. Future studies should recruit larger samples and collect sensor-measured driving data over a more extended time frame to better determine how and why these self-regulation changes take place.
THEY DREW AS THEY PLEASED: THE HIDDEN ART OF DISNEY’S MID-CENTURY ERA; THE 1950s AND 1960s.By Didier Ghez. Chronicle Books, 2018. 224 pp. $45.00 hardcover.

In one of the more intellectually probing episodes of Walt Disney’s Wonderful World of Color, from 1958, Walt Disney introduced a small group of his animators engaging in a routine but critically d...
Durvalumab-induced myocarditis, myositis, and myasthenia gravis: a case report.

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective therapies for a wide range of malignancies. Their increased use has led to a wide range of immune-related adverse effects including skin, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, endocrine, cardiac, and neurologic complications. Case presentation We present the case of a 72-year-old Caucasian man with non-small cell lung cancer who was admitted for dyspnea after two cycles of durvalumab. He was found to have significantly elevated levels of serum creatinine kinase and troponin with a negative cardiac catheterization. During his hospitalization, he developed progressive dyspnea and new-onset axial weakness, ultimately leading to the diagnosis of durvalumab-induced myocarditis, myasthenia gravis, and myositis. Conclusion This is, to our knowledge, the first reported case of anti-programmed cell death ligand 1-induced combination of myocarditis, myasthenia gravis, and myositis. While the use of immunologic agents has resulted in overall improved cancer outcomes, their increased use has led to a vast spectrum of immune-related adverse effects. We review the diagnostic workup and management of patients with these immune-related adverse effects, underscoring the importance of early identification given the potential for rapid deterioration.
A comparison of pathogenesis of Diabetes in China and the United States

Diabetes Mellitus is a growing public health problem recent year. Diabetes has two main kinds: type 1 and type 2. Accumulating evidence suggests that genetic predisposition plays an important role in type 1 diabetes. This may be one reason that cause the difference between China and U.S. Within diabetes patients, more than 90% have type 2 diabetes. However, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in China and United States of America is quite different, with 11.6% and 13% in two countries, respectively. Two countries with completely different cultures and histories have such slight differences in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Based on this fact, this paper will introduce the pathogenesis of diabetes and how it differs between the two countries.
Ethical product havens in the global diamond trade: Using the Wayback Machine to evaluate ethical market outcomes:

Who benefits from ethical product markets? While most ethical products (e.g. fair trade and eco-certified products) are intended to benefit marginalized communities and vulnerable ecosystems, the r...
Electrical impulse characterization along actin filaments in pathological conditions

Abstract We present an interactive Mathematica notebook that characterizes the electrical impulses along actin filaments in both muscle and non-muscle cells for a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions. The program is based on a multi-scale (atomic → monomer → filament) approach capable of accounting for the atomistic details of a protein molecular structure, its biological environment, and their impact on the travel distance, velocity, and attenuation of monovalent ionic wave packets propagating along microfilaments. The interactive component allows investigators to conduct original research by choosing the experimental conditions (intracellular Vs in vitro), nucleotide state (ATP Vs ADP), actin isoform (alpha, gamma, beta, and muscle or non-muscle cell), as well as, a conformation model that covers a variety of mutants and wild-type (the control) actin filament. The simplicity of the theoretical formulation and the high performance of the Mathematica software enable the analysis of multiple conditions without computational restrictions. These studies may provide an unprecedented molecular understanding of why and how age, inheritance, and disease conditions induce dysfunctions in the biophysical mechanisms underlying the propagation of electrical signals along actin filaments.
Searching for Autarkies to Trim Unsatisfiable Clause Sets

An autarky is a partial assignment to the variables of a Boolean CNF formula that satisfies every clause containing an assigned variable. For an unsatisfiable formula, an autarky provides information about those clauses that are essentially independent from the infeasibility; clauses satisfied by an autarky are not contained in any minimal unsatisfiable subset (MUS) or minimal correction subset (MCS) of clauses. This suggests a preprocessing step of detecting autarkies and trimming such independent clauses from an instance prior to running an algorithm for finding MUSes or MCSes. With little existing work on algorithms for finding autarkies or experimental evaluations thereof, there is room for further research in this area. Here, we present a novel algorithm that searches for autarkies directly using a standard satisfiability solver. We investigate the autarkies of several industrial benchmark suites, and experimental results show that our algorithm compares favorably to an existing approach for discovering autarkies. Finally, we explore the potential of trimming autarkies in MCS- or MUS-extraction flows.
Ultrafast carrier dynamics in amorphous semiconductors determined by time-resolved THz and NIR spectroscopy

We determine ultrafast carrier dynamics characteristic of disordered semiconductors, including both dispersive transport and bimolecular recombination, via self-consistent modeling of time-resolved measurements in both the far-infrared (THz) and near-infrared spectral regions.
Structure-Activity Relationships

Most fungicides available today were discovered empirically. The information from these studies can be used to integrate structural characteristics of a fungicide with its toxic action. The characteristics so identified portray, in part, the nature of fungitoxic action.
THE INFLUENCE OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF NEUTRAL AMINO ACIDS ON THEIR ABSORPTION KINETICS IN THE JEJUNUM AND ILEUM OF HUMAN INTESTINE IN VIVO

Summary The absorption kinetics of threonine, leucine, and valine in the upper jejunum and of threonine and leucine in the upper ileum were studied by an in situ perfusion technique in a group of normal human subjects. The intestinal absorption rates of leucine and valine followed the kinetics of a saturable transport system in the upper jejunum. Leucine had a greater affinity for the membrane carrier system than valine. This was manifested by a lower K m and V max for the leucine absorption rates. Threonine, which of the three amino acids studied showed the least affinity for the transport sites, was absorbed at a rate linearly proportional to its concentration in the perfusion solutions (5 to 150 mM). Although the threonine absorption rate was lower than the absorption rates of the other two branched chain amino acids at the lower perfusion concentrations of amino acids (20 mM), the order of absorption rates was reversed at the higher concentration of substrates (100 mM). There was a marked reduction in the absorption rates of leucine and threonine from the upper ileum as compared to upper jejunum. However, the order of affinities of amino acids for the membrane carrier system in the upper ileum was similar to their order of affinities in the upper jejunum, leucine having a greater affinity than threonine. In the ileal segment, threonine absorption rates followed the kinetics of a saturable transport system, whereas they did not in the jejunum. The rise in plasma concentrations of leucine during the continuous perfusions of the proximal and distal segments of the same subjects was also determined. This investigation not only further substantiated the evidence for a reduction in the absorption rate of leucine in the ileum but also permitted a comparison in transport capacity of the proximal and distal segments. A distance of 80 cm in the upper small intestine, as compared with the entire lower intestine, accounted for 80 to 84% of leucine transport from the leucine solutions perfused in the small intestine of 2 human subjects.
Transverse magnetic diffraction from tapered resistive junctions

In this paper we investigate the transverse magnetic (TM) scattering by a junction formed by two tapered resistive sheets whose resistivity increases away from the join. In particular, the exact diffraction coefficient for the junction formed by two coplanar linearly tapered resistive sheets is found by application of the Kontorovich-Lebedev transform. In addition, a physical optics (PO) diffraction coefficient is presented for either linearly or quadratically tapered resistive junctions. All diffraction coefficients are compared to numerical results, and the validity range of the PO approximation is discussed.
Single-crystal elastic constants of lithium

Abstract The elastic constants of single-crystal lithium have been measured by the ultrasonic pulse-echo technique. The results, in units of 10 11 dyn cm −2 , are Temperature(°K) C 44 ( C 11− C 11 )/2 B 3 78 1.08 0.116 1.33 155 1.00 0.111 1.25 195 0.96 0.109 1.20 where B 3 is the adiabatic bulk modulus. These results are compared with fuchs's theoretical calculation of the Coulomb contribution to the shear stiffness of the alkali metals, which in lithium is the only significant contribution. Extrapolation of the experimental values to absolute zero gives values for both C 44 and ( C 11 − C 12 )/2 which are lower than the corresponding theoretical values. The extrapolated anisotropy, C 44 ( C 11 − C 12 )/2, is higher than the value predicted by the theory.
Effects of hip extensor fatigue on lower extremity kinematics during a jump-landing task in women: A controlled laboratory study

Abstract Background Lower extremity kinematics may change as a result of impaired hip muscle function, thereby placing athletes at increased risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to examine whether experimentally-induced hip extensor fatigue alters lower extremity kinematics during a jump-landing task in women. Methods Forty healthy women were randomly assigned to an experimental group in which participants performed modified Biering-Sorenson tests to fatigue the hip extensors or to a sham control group in which participants performed repeated push-ups to exhaustion. Three-dimensional hip and knee kinematics and gluteus maximus electromyography (EMG) signals were measured during jump-landing tests to examine the effects of hip extensor fatigue. Findings Hip extension strength decreased in the experimental group by 25% following the intervention, thereby confirming effects of the fatigue intervention. No group × time interactions in hip and knee motions were statistically significant, indicating that hip and knee kinematics did not change following the fatigue-inducing intervention. Gluteus maximus recruitment during the post-fatigue test, however, increased by 55% in the experimental group. Interpretation A 25% reduction in hip extensor strength did not lead to changes in hip or knee kinematics. Rather, participants accommodated for the loss of strength by recruiting more Gmax activation to complete the task. Gmax recruitment may compensate when hip extensor strength is impaired, suggesting that improved neuromuscular control can influence motor performance when strength is diminished.
Isomeric structures, large amplitude intermolecular motions and electronic relaxation of the propynal–Ar complex

Abstract Fluorescence excitation spectra near the 000 and 901 A←X bands of propynal are observed in a supersonic expansion of a mixture of propynal and Ar in He. Propynal and Ar concentration dependence studies are used to assign several observed features to propynal–Ar and propynal–Ar2. The combined results of holeburning spectroscopy and rotational band contour analysis of the propynal–Ar features enables one X state and two A state complex structures to be characterized. The vector R connecting the center carbon of propynal and Ar is perpendicular to the C–C–C axis for all three structures. The angle χ that R makes with respect to the oxygen side of the plane of propynal equals 68° and R=3.6 A for the X state and one of the two A state geometries. For the other A state geometry, χ=23° and R=3.8 A. It is most likely that there is a large amplitude motion by Ar around the C–C–C axis associated with the zero point level of the X state complex. A pair-wise atom potential calculation for propynal–Ar yields two local minima quantitatively corresponding to the experimentally observed geometries with reasonable binding energies. It is also found that Ar induces rapid intersystem crossing (ISC) from the propynal S1 to T1 electronic states and the ISC lifetimes (
Towards automated prediction of relationships among scientific datasets

Before scientists can analyze, publish, or share their data, they often need to determine how their datasets are related. Determining relationships helps scientists identify the most complete version of a dataset, detect versions of datasets that complement each other, and determine multiple datasets that overlap. In previous work, we showed how observable relationships between two datasets help scientists recall their original derivation connection. While that work helped with identifying relationships between two datasets, it is infeasible for scientists to use it for finding relationships between all possible pairs in a large collection of datasets. In order to deal with larger numbers of datasets, we are extending our methodology with a relationship-prediction system, ReDiscover, a tool to identify pairs from a collection of datasets that are most likely related and the relationship between them. We report on the initial design of ReDiscover, which uses machine-learning methods such as Conditional Random Fields and Support Vector Machines to the relationship-discovery problem. Our preliminarily evaluation shows that ReDiscover predicted relationships with an average accuracy of 87%.
Distribution of D-galactosyl groups in guaran and locust-bean gum

Abstract Distribution of α- d -galactopyranosyl side-chain groups in two galactomannans, guaran and locust-bean gum, was determined by measurement of the O-acetyl-O-methyl- d -mannitol derivatives obtained from the corresponding primary C-p-tolylsulfonyl polysaccharide derivatives. The O-acetyl-O-methyl- d -mannitol derivatives were produced by β-elimination and methylation, with sodium (methylsulfinyl)methide and methyl iodide, of the primary C-p-toluenesulfinylated galactomannans, followed by sequential acid hydrolysis, reduction, and acetylation of the partially degraded p-tolyl sulfones. The results indicated that side-chain units of guaran are alternately disposed along the d -mannan backbone, whereas those of locust-bean gum are disposed in uniform blocks along the backbone.
Entropy-constrained predictive residual vector quantization

A major problem with a vector-quantization-based image compression scheme is its codebook search complexity. Recently, a new vector quantization (VQ) scheme called the predictive residual vector quantizer (PRVQ) was proposed, which gives performance very close to that of the predictive vector quantizer (PVQ) with very low search complexity. This paper presents a new variable-rate VQ scheme called the entropy-constrained PRVQ (EC-PRVQ), which is designed by imposing a constraint on the output entropy of the PRVQ. We emphasized the design of the EC-PRVQ for bit rates ranging from 0.2 to 1.00 bits per pixel. This corresponds to compression ratios of 8 through 40, which is the range likely to be used by most of the real-life applications permitting Iossy compression. The proposed EC-PRVQ is found to give a good rate-distortion performance and clearly outperforms the state-of-the-art image compression algorithm developed by the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG). The robustness of the EC-PRVQ is demonstrated by encoding several test images taken from outside the training data. The EC-PRVQ not only gives better performance than JPEG, at a manageable encoder complexity, but also retains the inherent simplicity of a VQ decoder.
An in vitro study of anterior cruciate ligament strain induced by quadriceps and hamstrings forces

Strain in the anteromedial fibers of the anterior cruciate ligament [ACL(am)] was studied in six cadaver knees. ACL(am) strain was measured in five knees during the application of isometric quadriceps forces alone and simultaneously applied isometric quadriceps and hamstrings forces at 10 degrees increments from 0 degrees to 90 degrees of knee flexion. ACL(am) strain during muscle loading was measured with respect to the ACL(am) strain measured with the knee in its resting position (neutral or near neutral position). A sixth knee was used to investigate the reproducibility of the resting position and quadriceps-induced ACL(am) strains. The strains induced in the ACL(am) by the quadriceps were significantly greater than 0 at knee flexion angles from 0 to 40 degrees and not significantly different from 0 for 50 to 90 degrees. The ACL(am) strains induced by simultaneously applied hamstrings and quadriceps forces were not significantly different from 0 at any of the knee flexion angles tested. Simultaneously applied hamstrings and quadriceps forces significantly reduced ACL(am) strain at 10, 20, and 90 degrees of knee flexion compared to the ACL(am) strain induced by quadriceps forces alone. The hamstrings are potentially capable of both significantly reducing and negating quadriceps-induced ACL(am) strain at 10 and 20 degrees of knee flexion.
1537 UNIT DOSE, READY-TO-USE BLOOD PRODUCTS FOR NEONATES

A system was designed to dispense precise volumes of prefiltered, sterile, quality blood for immediate infusion into designated infants without waste. In the blood bank, the volume ordered was aspirated from the primary blood bag through a micro-aggregate filter into a plastic syringe. The syringe was capped, taken to the nursery in a lock-top plastic bag and was directly attached to an infusion pump. In practice, a transfusion may require hours to complete; thus, both quality and sterility of blood stored in syringes were studied. Blood was drawn from 10 bags (packed RBC, 5 days old) through filters into two syringes. Each bag and one syringe were stored at 4°C, the other syringe at 22°C. Samples (N=70) were taken after 0, 3, 6 and 24 hr. Quality and sterility of RBC in syringes was equal at all times to that of blood bags stored at 4°C in the blood bank except for a decreased (p < .05) pH after 24 hr at 22°C. Only baseline (0 hr) and extreme (24 hr) mean values are shown here:
Digital subcarrier optical networks (DSONs)

This paper describes an energy efficient and data rate flexible network transport solution to achieve sub-wavelength circuit provisioning between edge node pairs. Sub-wavelength circuits are obtained by concatenating spectrally efficient digital subcarrier channels along the network path, with each subcarrier frequency carrying only a fraction of the wavelength bandwidth. By reserving one or more such subcarrier frequencies along a path connecting two edge nodes, a dedicated end-to-end sub-wavelength circuit is provisioned. At intermediate nodes, incoming frequencies are switched to outgoing frequencies via a specially designed frequency selective switch or cross-connect, described in a companion paper [7]. The power consumption required to switch subcarrier frequencies across the network is estimated to be a fraction of the power dissipated by currently available transport solutions, e.g., optical transport network (OTN) and multiprotocol label switching transport profile (MPLS-TP).
Taphonomic losses become taphonomic gains: an experimental approach using the rocky shore gastropod, Tegula funebralis

Abstract The gaps in the fossil record are not liabilities for paleontologists but rather assets for evolutionary and paleoecological studies. The fossil record of rocky shore invertebrates is deemed poor, resulting from the bias of a high energy (physical) environment. The poor fossil record of the Pleistocene rocky shore gastropod Tegula funebralis appears to be no exception to this rule. However, field studies, including experimentally deployed shells in two habitats, reveal five important taphonomic processes that affect the resultant fossil resource for these gastropods: (1) the predilection for Tegula shells by the intertidal hermit crab, Pagurus samuelis, affects the longevity of the shells, (2) hermit crab-occupied shells of Tegula have a distinct array of bionts distinguishable from the living snail and empty, experimentally tethered shells, (3) biont types on tethered shells differ between two habitats (mudflat and rocky intertidal), and are thus useful for paleoenvironmental determinations, (4) physical processes greatly affected intact shell longevity of experimental shells at the rocky intertidal site, whereas at the mudflat site, mistaken predation by durophagous crabs was the most important agent of shell destruction, and (5) despite these taphonomic losses, the Pleistocene fossil record of Tegula retains a good record of the biological factors that affect its preservation, that of pagurid crustaceans and their gastropod shell-associated bionts. Taphonomic losses when viewed from a hierarchy of shell users, then, are gains in biological information that indicate the level of complexity within the shell-using community, and this record is not completely lost in high energy regimes.
Spontaneous sternocleidomastoid muscle hematoma following thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke

Spontaneous or traumatic bleeding is a common complication of systemic thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke. We report the case of an 83 y.o. woman with right facio-brachio-crural hemiparesis, left deviation of the head and aphasia who developed, after thrombolytic therapy, a spontaneous sternocleidomastoid muscle hematoma that regressed few days later. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in the literature of asymptomatic and spontaneous skeletal muscle hematoma following thrombolysis for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The occurrence of lateral cervical tuberculosis lymphadenitis ipsilateral to sternocleidomastoid muscle hematoma may suggest a causal relationship between local chronic inflammation of active mycobacterial infection and thrombolysis-related extravasation. This case should suggest caution in thrombolytic treatment in patients with chronic immune dysregulation and vascular inflammation such as extra-pulmonary tuberculosis.
Division Rules and Migration Equilibria

Abstract Fair division rules are examined in a framework consisting of local environments with fixed, non-disposable, perfectly divisible endowments, and (possibly) different division rules. Individuals have single-peaked preferences and are free to choose the environments where they live. Given that the rules satisfy various desirable properties such as efficiency, strategy-proofness, or envy-freeness, the extent to which individuals have incentives to migrate to other environments is explored.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Numbers: D50, D60.
Influence of Photoperiod and Neonatally Administered Androgen on Estrous Cycles and Behavior in Hamsters

Transient or permanent disruptions of estrous cycles were studied in golden hamsters injected with oil, 1 or 10 pg testosterone propionate 4 days after birth and reared in rooms maintained on short (6L: 18D or 12L: 12D) or long (14L� 1OD) photoperiods. The duration of 2 transient episodes of vaginal acyclicity, one related to age and the other to season, was longer in the animals reared in the short photoperiod conditions and independent of exogenous hormone administered neonatally. A more enduring acyclicity, detected in vaginal smears, started at 250 days. Its age of occurrence was related directly to androgen dosage and inversely to the light/dark ratio. Degree of receptivity, measured after ovariectomy and injection of estradiol benzoate and progesterone, was lower in hamsters injected neonatally with androgen than with oil and in those in short than in long photoperiods. Ovaries of acyclic animals were devoid of corpora lutea; a few were polyfollicular in 14L: 1OD or 6L: 18D conditions. Thus, neonatal administration of androgen induces premature absence of cyclicity in hamsters as it does in rats. Short photoperiods instigate both temporary and permanent loss of estrous cycles. Vaginal smears similar to those of the diestrous stage in combination with ovarian cells with a luteinized appearance suggest that progesterone levels are higher in the acyclic hamster than in the acyclic rat.
Intravenous fluid administration in pregnancy: maintenance and acute hydration

Pregnancy is characterised by a hyperdynamic output state, low blood viscosity and haematocrit, reduced blood and tissue buffering capacity, increased tendency to both sodium and water retention, an exaggerated ketotic and hypoglycaemic response to dehydration and increased insensible losses and decreased heat tolerance. These changes are relevant to anaesthetists attempting to restore and maintain fluid, electrolyte, glucose and metabolic balance in labour and during anaesthesia, resuscitation and critical care. Fluid maintenance and replacement in pregnancy follow the basic principle of replacing what is lost in both quantity and quality, remembering the specific requirements of the individual patient and situation. The altered milieu of pregnancy makes the use of most crystalloid containing fluids somewhat controversial particularly for acute hydration (fluid loading) in association with central neural blockage or resuscitation. Normal saline and lactate tend to worsen reduced buffer base capacity and cause further dilution of plasma proteins in an already low blood glucose level, so potentiating the efforts of highlevel epidural or spinal sympathetic blockade. Glucose loads can cause fetal hyperinsulinaemia, rapid-onset neonatal hypoglycaemia and jaundice. A balanced approach of fluid administration using colloids, crystalloids and vasopressors will be discussed.
Heat transfer with melting or freezing in a wedge

Abstract The objective of this research was to obtain an analytical solution to predict the temperature distribution and the motion of the interface in a pure liquid or eutectic alloy solidifying or melting in a wedge shaped enclosure. In the analysis it was assumed that the initial temperature of the medium is uniform and the surfaces of the wedge are maintained at uniform, but not necessarily equal, temperatures. The solution to the problem was obtained by the superposition of the solutions to two auxiliary problems. The first of these was the problem of heat conduction without phase change, but with the same initial and boundary conditions as those of the actual problem. The second subproblem was that of heat conduction with change of phase, but with the initial and boundary temperatures equal to zero. In the later subproblem the latent heat liberated due to the phase change was represented by a moving surface source along the interface. The temperature distributions for these auxiliary problems were obtained by using Green's function. The results of the analytical solution presented here agree with previously published experimental and numerical results for special cases to within 5 per cent.
Chebyshev solution of overdetermined systems of linear equations

A simplex algorithm for the Chebyshev solution of overdetermined systems of linear equations is described. In this algorithm, an initial basic feasible solution is available with no artificial variables needed. Also minimum storage is required and no conditions are imposed on the coefficient matrix. The algorithm is a simple and fast one. Numerical results are given.
Enzyme-Assisted Aqueous Extraction of Oil from Isolated Oleosomes of Soybean Flour

Enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction of oil from isolated soybean oleosomes was evaluated as an alternative to the conventional organic solvent extraction. Three different processes: hydrolysis of oleosomes, thermal demulsification of the skim or the slurry, and destabilization of the cream by the churning butter process were examined to enhance the release of free oil from isolated oleosomes. The oil extraction involved incubating the oleosomes with either 0, 2.5 or 5% protease (Protex 6L®) at 60 °C, pH 9 for 18 h, destabilizing the slurry by three thermal strategies: freeze/thaw, freeze/thaw and heating, and destabilizing the cream by the churning butter process without and with 5% of phospholipase A2 (Multifect L1 10L®), at 40 °C, pH 8 for 4 h. The best total free oil yield was 83–88% by hydrolyzing oleosomes with 2.5 or 5% Protex 6L®, destabilizing the slurries by heating and destabilizing the resulting cream by the churning butter process. The oleosomes treated with 2.5 and 5% proteases generated hydrolyzed soybean storage proteins at 18–20% degree of hydrolysis, with all the storage proteins hydrolyzed to peptides smaller than 6.5 kDa, compared to the oleosomes disrupted without proteases.
Patterns of Economic Interdependence in Latin America

This study investigates business cycle synchronization and transmission patterns among the major Latin American countries and their linkages with the United States and Europe. Correlations, principal components, trade patterns, vector autoregressions, and impulse responses are used to discern the business cycle transmission patterns. There is moderate evidence of a unique Latin American business cycle and of business cycle transmission among the Latin American economies. Most transmission linkages come from outside Latin America. The European business cycle has a slightly stronger influence upon most Latin American economies than the influence of the US business cycle. Brazil is clearly the most influential Latin American economy in terms of business cycle transmission.
Fouling mechanisms in low-pressure membrane filtration in the presence of an adsorbent cake layer

Abstract Fouling of low-pressure membranes treating natural waters can be substantially mitigated by pre-depositing a thin layer of micron-size adsorbent particles on the membrane, a process we refer to as microgranular adsorptive filtration (μGAF). The role of adsorbent particle size, adsorbent surface loading, and membrane pore size in fouling of μGAF systems by natural surface water has been investigated. μGAF tests using heated aluminum oxide particles (HAOPs) and powdered activated carbon (PAC) reveal that fouling in such systems occurs both on the membrane and in the cake layer. Fouling on the membrane is primarily caused by soluble NOM and is exacerbated by the use of larger adsorbent particles and smaller-pore membranes. Such fouling is mitigated by removal of foulants in the pre-deposited layers, so the extent of mitigation is proportional to the adsorbent surface loading (i.e., the thickness of the cake layer). By contrast, fouling in the cake layer is caused by larger foulants such as colloids and particulate matter. Such fouling is insensitive to the layer's thickness. Use of smaller adsorbent particles improves the capture of colloids and particles but also exacerbates such fouling. In these cases, increasing the membrane pore size decreases the rate of fouling on the membrane, but does not affect the cake layer fouling.
Digital Image Processing In Chest Radiography

Chest radiographs recorded on DuPont WDR (wide dynamic range) film are used as input for digitization, image processing and display by an HCM graphic arts scanner interfaced to a mini-computer. The imaging chain is evaluated in terms of the MTFs of its components and its response to film density. Some advantages of using a very wide-latitude, constant-gamma film are discussed. A subjectively preferred unsharp masking algorithm is described and clinical examples are shown.
Syntheses and structures of two new organic-inorganic hybrid manganese vanadates, [Mn(2,2′-bipyridine)2V2O6] and [Mn(1,10-phenanthroline) (H2O)V2O6]

Abstract Two new organic–inorganic hybrid manganese vanadates, [Mn(2,2′-bipyridine)2V2O6] (1) and [Mn(1,10-phenanthroline)(H2O)V2O6] (2) were synthesized hydrothermally from mixtures of manganese acetate, V2O5 and the corresponding ligand and acidified with acetic acid. Compound 1 is a molecular cluster consisting of [V4O12]4− rings decorated with [Mn(2,2′-bpy)2]2+ subunits. The structure of 2 is two dimensional, with a network constructed from one-dimensional chains of corner-sharing [VO4]3− tetrahedra, which are linked through [Mn(phen)(H2O)]2+ groups.
Examining the Preservice Practicum Experience of Undergraduate Music Education Majors— Exploring Connections and Dispositions Through Multiple Perspectives A Critical Grounded Theory

This grounded theory study explores the relationship between the college methods class and the off-campus practicum experience. The study included nine undergraduate music education majors enrolled in a methods course designed to prepare them to teach music in secondary schools. Also included were three in-service teachers who served in the role of cooperating teachers for the practicum portion of the experience. Content for the on-campus methods class was altered to accommodate the programs where students would be working. Data included reflections from the students during a weekly on-campus seminar, informal interviews with the cooperating teachers, observations of the students at the practicum sites, and written evaluations of the students by the cooperating teachers. As a result of open, focused, and axial coding, several themes emerged that confirmed the literature stating that despite best efforts, the on-campus course and off-campus practicums do not connect.
Transforming employment relationships: Implications for human resource management

Abstract In the present work environment, traditional jobs are giving way to flexible, temporary and task-based contractual relationships. Economic conditions explain some of the shift away from customary patterns of employment. Other important factors arise from changes in labor market institutions. A historical and theoretical context provides insights into trends in employment and their potential consequences for managers.
Large partial random permutations of conditionally convergent series

This paper studies the behaviour of sums of series under random permutations. The first result considers the case of uniformly distributed permutations on the set N of all integers, which requires finitely additive probability. The next result considers the limit of the first portion p, , of a uniform distribution on the first n integers, as n gets large. The focal point is when , the permuted sum converge to a class of non-degenerate distributions which to the best of our knowledge is unknown in the literature. Finally, we address the question of when the limiting distribution has a continuous density, including the well known Erdos problem [3,9] as a special case.
Component selection norms for principal components regression

Multicollinearity or near exact linear dependence among the vectors of regressor variables in a multiple linear regression analysis can have important effects on the quality of least squares parameter estimates. One frequently suggested approach for these problems is principal components regression. This paper investigates alternative variable selection procedures and their implications for such an analysis.
Regional analysis of neostriatal cholinergic and dopaminergic receptor binding and tyrosine hydroxylase activity as a function of aging.

Tryosine hydroxylase (TH) activity, as well as dopaminergic and cholinergic muscarinic receptor binding were measured in discrete regions of the neostriatum of rats 7, 17, and 27 months old. Activity of TH was highest in the rostral neostriatum as compared to the caudal region. Age-related differences in TH were detected in only one region. The density of dopamine receptors was also highest in the rostral neostriatum of all age groups, but there were no significant age-related differences. The distribution of cholinergic muscarinic receptor binding was similar to that of TH and dopaminergic receptors, and showed age-related changes in discrete regions. These results, when considered with previous data, suggest that in selected striatal regions in the Sprague Dawley rat the cholinergic system is more vulnerable than the dopaminergic system to aging effects.
Robust sequential working memory recall in heterogeneous cognitive networks

Psychiatric disorders are often caused by partial heterogeneous disinhibition in cognitive networks, controlling sequential and spatial working memory (SWM). Such dynamic connectivity changes suggest that the normal relationship between the neuronal components within the network deteriorates. As a result, competitive network dynamics is qualitatively altered. This dynamics defines the robust recall of the sequential information from memory and, thus, the SWM capacity. To understand pathological and non-pathological bifurcations of the sequential memory dynamics, here we investigate the model of recurrent inhibitory-excitatory brain networks with heterogeneous inhibition. We consider the ensemble of units with all-to-all inhibitory connections, in which the connection strengths are monotonically distributed at some interval. Based on computer experiments and studying the Lyapunov exponents, we observed and analyzed the new phenomenon - clustered sequential dynamics. The results are interpreted in the context of the winnerless competition principle. Accordingly, clustered sequential dynamics is represented in the phase space of the model by two weakly interacting quasi-attractors. One of them is similar to the sequential heteroclinic chain - the regular image of SWM, while the other is a quasi-chaotic attractor. Coexistence of these quasi-attractors means that the recall of the normal information sequence is intermittently interrupted by episodes with chaotic dynamics. We indicate potential dynamic ways for augmenting damaged working memory and other cognitive functions.