cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magnesium and arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass surgery

Arrhythmias are very common after cardiac surgery and are multifactorial. Magnesium is receiving increased consideration in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. This study was designed to evaluate the role of magnesium in preventing arrhythmias in hypokalemic (K 3.5 mEq/L) patients with normal renal and ventricular function after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). One hundred forty patients ranging from 32 to 71 years of age who were scheduled for CABG were studied. They were divided into four groups: group I (control) received no magnesium; group II received 10 mg/kg of magnesium sulfate intravenously before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB); group III received 10 mg/kg of magnesium soon after CPB; group IV received 10 mg/kg of magnesium before and after CPB. Serum potassium and catecholamine levels, as well as serum and urine magnesium levels, were measured and the incidence and type of arrhythmias were determined. There was a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of arrhythmias between the groups studied. The incidence of arrhythmias was highest in groups I and II and lowest in group IV (12 patients in group I, 14 in group II, 5 in group III; and 1 in group IV). Magnesium levels were higher in group IV than any other group studied after completion of surgery. There was no difference in serum and urine magnesium levels between the hypokalemic and normokalemic patients within each group. Serum magnesium returned to normal in all patients after 48 hours. Therefore, it appears that administration of magnesium during and after cardiac surgery reduces the incidence of arrhythmias in hypokalemic and normokalemic patients.
N-ethylmaleimide and the induction of phage lambda.

Abstract Uv induction of the normal uv-inducible prophage lambda was inhibited by treatment of cells with N -ethylmaleimide (NEM) prior to uv irradiation. Neither uv induction of the c I ts mutant prophage nor heat induction of the c I ts ind − mutant prophage was affected by NEM treatment.
A computational study of the role of solvation effects in reverse turn formation in the tetrapeptides APGD and APGN

The tetrapeptides APGD and APGN are known by NMR analysis to adopt reverse turn conformations to a significant degree in aqueous solution. We have carried out a 7.7 ns molecular dynamics simulation...
From Theory to Practice: Operation Emotional Intelligence

ABSTRACT Emotional intelligence is more than an abstract concept. While the leader sets the dominant tone for the rest of the organization, employees at all levels can benefit from learning about and implementing the principles of emotional intelligence. The benefits of improved relationships and efficient emotional auditing have a profoundly positive impact on the quality of the working environment. This article seeks to provide the reader with a basic introduction to emotional intelligence and offer examples of how the theoretical concept can be put into practical use.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with V299L BCR-ABL kinase domain mutation after therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

To the editor: Point mutations of the Bcr-Abl kinase domain (KD) are the most frequently identified mechanism of resistance in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who fail tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy.[1][1][⇓][2][⇓][3]–[4][4] The V299L mutation occurs rarely after
Measuring text simplification with the crowd

Text can often be complex and difficult to read, especially for people with cognitive impairments or low literacy skills. Text simplification is a process that reduces the complexity of both wording and structure in a sentence, while retaining its meaning. However, this is currently a challenging task for machines, and thus, providing effective on-demand text simplification to those who need it remains an unsolved problem. Even evaluating the simplicity of text remains a challenging problem for both computers, which cannot understand the meaning of text, and humans, who often struggle to agree on what constitutes a good simplification. This paper focuses on the evaluation of English text simplification using the crowd. We show that leveraging crowds can result in a collective decision that is accurate and converges to a consensus rating. Our results from 2,500 crowd annotations show that the crowd can effectively rate levels of simplicity. This may allow simplification systems and system builders to get better feedback about how well content is being simplified, as compared to standard measures which classify content into 'simplified' or 'not simplified' categories. Our study provides evidence that the crowd could be used to evaluate English text simplification, as well as to create simplified text in future work.
The Role of Small Cardioactive Peptide, SCPB, in the Regulatory Responses of Terrestrial Slugs

The feeding motor program in Limax maximus is the neural correlate of feeding and consists of a discrete pattern of cyclical efferent activity generated by the buccal ganglia in response to stimulation of chemosensory pathways. The small cardioactive peptide, SCPB (10−6 to 10−9 M), increases the responsiveness of the FMP and the endogenous activity of specific feeding motoneurons such as the fast salivary burster. Stimulation of buccal neuron, B1, which contains SCPB-like immunoreactive substance, similarly increases the activity of feeding motoneurons. Furthermore, both exogenous SCPB and stimulation of Bl increase the contractile force of the heart. Thus it appears that the peptidergic neuron Bl is a multifunctional interneuron that is involved in the control of both peripheral and central targets.
Influence of electrolyte species and concentration on the aggregation and transport of fullerene nanoparticles in quartz sands

The potential toxicity of nanoscale particles has received considerable attention, but the fate of engineered nanomaterials in the environment has been studied only under a limited set of conditions. In the present study, batch and column experiments were performed to assess the aggregation and transport of nanoscale fullerene (nC60) particles in water-saturated quartz sands as a function of electrolyte concentration and species. As the electrolyte concentration increased from 1 to 100 mM, the change in nC60 particle diameter was minimal in the presence of NaCl but increased by more than sevenfold in the presence of CaCl2. The latter effect was attributed to the agglomeration of individual nC60 particles, consistent with a net attractive force between particles and suppression of the electrical double layer. At low ionic strength (3.05 mM), nC60 particles were readily transported through 40- to 50-mesh quartz sand, appearing in the column effluent after introducing less than 1.5 pore volumes of nC60 suspension, with approximately 30% and less than 10% of the injected mass retained in the presence of CaCl2 or NaCl, respectively. At higher ionic strength (30.05 mM) and in finer Ottawa sand (100-140 mesh), greater than 95% of the introduced nC60 particles were retained in the column regardless of the electrolyte species. Approximately 50% of the deposited nC60 particles were recovered from 100- to 140-mesh Ottawa sand after sequential introduction of deionized water adjusted the pH to 10 and 12. These findings demonstrate that nC60 transport and retention in water-saturated sand is strongly dependent on electrolyte conditions and that release of deposited nC60 requires substantial changes in surface charge, consistent with retention in a primary energy minimum.
DCDS digital simulating system

This article is concerned with the problems of digital simulation and describes methods used in the Digital Control Design System (DCDS) for the simulation of digital structures. The paper is divided into five parts:• A short introduction to DCDS, its structure and purposes.• A discussion of simulation techniques, entities and attributes.• The DCDS pseudo machine simulator.• The pseudo machine program.• A simple example of a DCDL program.
The development of T/R modules for radar applications

The last 40 years has seen the migration from mechanically steered radars to the active electronically steered arrays (AESAs) of today. The key enabler for the AESAs has been the development and improvement of the performance, manufacturing capability, and cost of the Transmit/Receive (T/R) modules that typically sit behind each radiating element of the array. These T/R modules typically contain a duplexer (circulator), a driver amplifier and power amplifier for transmit, a limiter and a low noise amplifier for receive, and a common-leg-circuit used for both transmit and receive consisting of T/R switches, a phase shifter (for beam scanning), an attenuator, and a gain block. The first T/R modules were hybrid silicon-based modules developed for the MERA program which started in 1964. This talk traces the evolution from these first T/R modules through the development of the GaAs MMIC based modules of the 1990s and 2000s that power today's systems to the emerging GaN and silicon based modules of future active phased array radars. The evolution of the MMIC technology and capabilities as well as the improvements in assembly and packaging will be highlighted.
THE ROLE OF NATURAL ENEMIES IN THE EXPRESSION AND EVOLUTION OF MIXED MATING IN HERMAPHRODITIC PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Although a large portion of plant and animal species exhibit intermediate levels of outcrossing, the factors that maintain this wealth of variation are not well understood. Natural enemies are one relatively understudied ecological factor that may influence the evolutionary stability of mixed mating. In this paper, we aim for a conceptual unification of the role of enemies in mating system expression and evolution in both hermaphroditic animals and plants. We review current theory and detail the potential effects of enemies on fundamental mating system parameters. In doing so, we identify situations in which consideration of enemies alters expectations about the stability of mixed mating. Generally, we find that inclusion of the enemy dimension may broaden conditions in which mixed mating systems are evolutionarily stable. Finally, we highlight avenues ripe for future theoretical and empirical work that will advance our understanding of enemies in the expression and evolution of mixed mating in their hosts/victims, including examination of feedback cycles between victims and enemies and quantification of mating system-related parameters in victim populations in the presence and absence of enemies.
Dissociation of H 2 + Ions in Collision with H Atoms: 3 to 115 keV

The cross section for the production of fast protons in collisions between $\mathrm{H}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{+}$ ions and H atoms has been measured in the energy range 3 to 115 keV. The cross section for the same process with ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ as the target particle was also measured and results were compared with previous work as a test of the calibration method. The results show that the H-atom target is more effective in dissociating $\mathrm{H}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{+}$ than is the larger ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ molecule in the energy range 10 to 42 keV. This order of effectiveness is reversed below 10 keV and above 42 keV. Comparison of the H-target results with theoretical calculations based on the Born approximation shows that the collisional excitation of the lowest excited state of the $\mathrm{H}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{+}$ ion---the $2p{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{u}$ state---contributes a minor fraction of the total fast-proton production at 115 keV and a major fraction at 3 keV. The differential angular distributions of the fast protons were found to be the same for the H and ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ targets at 10 keV.
A Developmental Contextualist Critique of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

In this article we critique the current concept of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as it applies to primary school boys and girls. Generally, ADHD symptoms in young children are treated as if they reside solely within the child. The biological determinism of this conceptualization is both oversimplified and inaccurate. A developmental contextualist approach suggests that biological and classroom variables interact to elicit ADHD-related behaviors. In this article we define ADHD, present a model of developmental contextualism, and show ways in which the theory can overcome limitations in current conceptualizations of ADHD and guide future pedagogy and research.
Immunotoxicity of pentachlorophenol (PCP): increased susceptibility to tumor growth in adult mice fed technical PCP-contaminated diets.

Adult male C57B16 mice were fed diets containing 50 or 500 ppm pure (99+%) or technical grade (86%) pentachlorophenol (PCP) for 10–12 weeks prior to assessment of immunocompetence. Assays for immunocompetence included in vivo host susceptibility to virus infection and tumor growth and in vitro quantitation of T-cell cytotoxicity and macrophage phagocytosis. Exposure of mice to technical PCP resulted in profound enhancement of tumor susceptibility. The incidence of progressive methylcholanthrene (MCA)-induced transplanted tumors increased from 35% in controls to 67 and 82% in animals exposed to 50 and 500 ppm technical PCP, respectively. Mortality following primary Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV) inoculation and secondary MSB challenge increased from 19% in controls to 45 and 73% in animals exposed to 50 and 500 ppm technical PCP, respectively. An additional 50% of the MSVMSB challenged mice exposed to 50 ppm technical PCP exhibited tumor dissemination in the spleen. Animals exposed to pure PCP did not exhibit enhancement of primary MCA- or MSV-induced tumor growth. However, splenic tumor development was observed in 22 and 44% of the MSVMSB challenged mice exposed to 50 and 500 ppm pure PCP, respectively. Control mice did not develop splenic tumors. In contrast to the enhancement of tumor susceptibility, mortality associated with encephalomyocarditis virus infection tended to be reduced by technical PCP exposure. In vitro immune functional assessment indicated significant depression in T-cell cytolytic activity and enhancement of macrophage phagocytosis in animals exposed to technical PCP. No significant changes in in vitro immune response were noted with cells from pure PCP-exposed animals.
PARENTAL ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF FOOD SELECTIVITY IN NATURAL SETTINGS

This study evaluated the effects of a parent-conducted functional analysis and treatment consisting of differential reinforcement of an alternative behavior, escape extinction, and demand fading on food selectivity in a young child with autism. Increases in food acceptance at home and in a restaurant were obtained.
A prototype locomotion concept for a lunar robotic explorer

Carnegie Mellon University is pursuing research of robotic vehicles for lunar exploration. In our mission scenario two rovers will traverse one thousand kilometers on the Moon over a period of two years, starting in 1998. Throughout the mission the rovers will transmit to Earth rich video telemetry to be used by theme parks ventures and scientist worldwide. Critical to achieving the goals of the two-year mission is the rover's locomotion capability. The requirements of survivability in the harsh lunar environment, substantial terrainability and long term reliability drive the configuration of the locomotion system. These performance requirements have led to the consideration of a wheeled configuration as the preferred locomotion scheme for the intended lunar traverse. To achieve substantial climbing capability and mitigate body excursions we selected a six-wheeled configuration that utilizes pivot arm linkages for body suspension. In this paper we discuss the configuration of robotic locomotion for the moon, and describe analysis and experimental results obtained through testing of a physical prototype.
Diagnostic potential for urinary proteomics

Urine represents a modified ultrafiltrate of plasma, with protein concentrations typically approximately 1000-fold lower than plasma. Urine's low protein concentration might suggest it to be a less promising diagnostic specimen than plasma. However, urine can be obtained noninvasively and tests of many urinary proteins are well-established in clinical practice. Proteomic technologies expand opportunities to analyze urinary proteins, identifying more than 1000 proteins and peptides in urine. Urine offers a sampling of most plasma proteins, with increased proportions of low-molecular-weight protein and peptide components. Urine also offers enriched sampling of proteins released along the urinary tract. Although urine presents some challenges as a diagnostic specimen, its diverse range of potential markers offers great potential for diagnosis of both systemic and kidney diseases. Examples of clinical situations where this may be of value are for more sensitive detection of kidney transplant rejection or of renal toxicity of medications.
Driver assistance for “Keeping Hands on the Wheel and Eyes on the Road”

Motivated from a basic tip for safe driving, “Keeping Hands on the Wheel and Eyes on the Road”, this paper introduces a vision based system for driver activity analysis by observing 3D movement of driver's head and hands from multiview video. From the results of upper body and head pose tracking, semantic descriptions of driver activities are extracted in two steps: First, we determine basic activities of each upper body part (e.g. Two, one, or no hand is on the steering wheel; Head is looking left, straight, or right). Then these basic activities are combined in a fusion step to extract higher level of semantic description of driver activities (e.g. whether the driver is following the above safety tip or not). Our experimental evaluation with real-world street driving shows the promise of applying the proposed system for both post analysis of captured driving data as well as for real-time driver assistance.
Towards the understanding of information dynamics in large scale networked systems

Large networks of human and machine systems have staggeringly complex properties which make them difficult to analyze. This resistance to characterization is due to the fact that the number of possible interactions between the system nodes is exponential in the number of nodes. This combinatorial complexity makes such systems resistant to both formal analysis and empirical exploration. The goal of this work is to analyze a particular complex system, a system of agents that fuse information to develop shared beliefs. Primarily we seek to understand the detrimental emergent effects that might result in convergence to an incorrect belief, due to the large scale interactions of individuals. We achieve this through a two stage approach that combines the formal analysis of an abstracted version of the system with direct simulation of the system itself. The analysis of the abstraction of the system gives us a qualitative description of the system state space which can be used to guide and limit the parameter ranges over which the empirical evaluation is conducted. The particular abstraction that we use is to develop a mean field description of the system. Specifically, we assume that the influence of the remainder of the system on an individual can be replaced, for analysis purposes, with a system wide average influence. In our information propagation and fusion model, the team is connected via a network with some team members having access to sensors and others relying solely on neighbors in the network to inform their beliefs. Each agent uses Bayesian reasoning to maintain a belief about a single fact which can be true, false or unknown. Through our analysis we found that for certain parameter values, the system can converge to an incorrect belief despite primarily accurate information due to emergent effects.
Electron Capture Dissociation Initiates a Free Radical Reaction Cascade

For small cyclic peptides, one electron capture by the (M + 2H) 2+ ion generates numerous fragments corresponding to amino acid losses, side-chain losses, and losses of some low molecular weight species such as H2O, CH3 ¥ ,C 3H6, and ¥ CONH2. As predicted, the side-chain cleavages are amplified relative to linear peptides of similar size, but the amino acid losses were unexpected because they require that one electron capture cause more than one backbone cleavage, a phenomenon which necessitates further refinement or reinterpretation of current ECD mechanisms. A modified mechanism is postulated in which nonergodic electron capture fragmentation generates an R-carbon radical species that then propagates along the protein backbone. This radical migration initiates multiple free radical rearrangements, which cause both multiple backbone cleavages and additional side-chain cleavages.
Multiple model adaptive estimation applied to the LAMBDA URV for failure detection and identification

Multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) is a method of estimating unknown system parameters by modeling different discrete parameter values in several filters that are run in parallel and compared. The parameters for this research are failure status conditions associated with flight control actuators and sensors on the LAMBDA unmanned research vehicle, an experimental aircraft. Six actuator failures and eight sensor failures are modeled, along with the fully functional aircraft, in fifteen elemental Kalman filters. These filters propagate and update their own aircraft state estimates in real time. A probability computation representing the likelihood of each elemental filter's match to the true condition of the aircraft is used to generate relative probabilities for each filter's hypothesis. The MMAE algorithm is extended for the identification of dual failures through the use of a hierarchical structure of filter banks. Aircraft state excitation is required for effective MMAE performance. Sinusoidal dither signals are applied to the command inputs of a flight control system which controls pitch rate, roll rate, and sideslip angle. >
What's behind DBS services: MMIC technology and MPEG digital video compression

This paper discusses recent developments in Direct-Broadcast Satellite (DBS) television systems, and specifically how these developments are implemented using today's MMIC technology. A brief review of Raytheon's experience in supplying low cost GaAs devices to the commercial DBS market place is included. A description of a dual-channel downconverter is provided as an example of applying GaAs MMIC technology to the advanced technical needs of the DBS market. A discussion of the MPEG-2 digital compression standard and its relationship to DBS is also included. >
Association between sociability and diffusion tensor imaging in BALB/cJ mice.

The purpose of this study was to use high resolution diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) method to investigate the association between DTI metrics and sociability in BALB/c inbred mice. Sociability of prepubescent (30-day-old) BALB/cJ mice was operationally defined as the time that these mice spent sniffing a stimulus mouse in a social choice test. High resolution ex vivo DTI data on twelve BALB/cJ mouse brains were acquired using a 9.4 T vertical bore magnet. Regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between DTI metrics and sociability. Significant positive regression (p < 0.001) between social sniffing time and fractional anisotropy (FA) was found in ten regions located in thalamic nuclei, zona incerta/substantia nigra, visual/orbital/somatosensory cortices, and entorhinal cortex. In addition, significant negative regression (p < 0.001) between social sniffing time and mean diffusivity (MD) was found in five areas located in sensory cortex, motor cortex, external capsule and amygdaloid region. In all regions showing significant regression with either MD or FA, the tertiary eigenvalue correlated negatively with the social sniffing time. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using DTI in detecting brain regions associated with sociability in a mouse model system.
Rotator Cuff Weakness Is Not a Risk Factor for First-Time Anterior Glenohumeral Instability.

Background:Shoulder instability is a common problem in young athletes and can lead to pain and decreased ability to participate in high-level activities. Little is known about the modifiable risk f...
An Evaluation of Impact Wrench Vibration Emissions and Test Methods

In the interest of providing more effective evaluations of impact wrench vibration exposures and the development of improved methods for measuring vibration emissions produced by these tools, this study focused on three variables: acceleration measured at the tool surface, vibration exposure duration per test trial, and the amount of torque required to unseat the nuts following a test trial. For this evaluation, six experienced male impact wrench operators used three samples each of five impact wrench models (four pneumatic models and one batterypowered model) in a simulated work task. The test setup and procedures were based on those provided by an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Technical Committee overseeing the revision of ISO 8662-7. The work task involved the seating of 10 nuts onto 10 bolts mounted on steel plates. The results indicate that acceleration magnitudes vary not only by tool type but also by individual tools within a type. Thus, evaluators are cautioned against drawing conclusions based on small numbers of tools and/or tool operators. Appropriate sample sizes are suggested. It was further noted that evaluators could draw different conclusions if tool assessments are based on ISO-weighted acceleration as opposed to unweighted acceleration. As expected, vibration exposure durations varied by tool type and by test subject; duration means varied more for study participants than they did for tool types. For the 12 pneumatic tools evaluated in this study, torque varied directly with tool handle acceleration. Therefore, in order to reduce vibration exposure, tools should be selected and adjusted so that they produce no more than the needed torque for the task at hand.
Setting up and managing real-world data mining and optimization cases studies: Motivations and challenges

The rapid evolution of tools and software systems to design experiments, automatically monitor, collect and warehouse large amounts of data, from applications such as life sciences and industrial processes has resulted in a new paradigm shift. This change of paradigm is so fast that some of the practices for optimization and management of these processes that were valid only 5–10 years ago may no longer be fully acceptable or sufficient for today's business optimization and management. This has a direct influence on the best practices for knowledge discovery and management of the discovered knowledge in real-world data mining applications. Establishing and managing a real-world data mining project in any domain, in particular in today's life science industry, is not a trivial task. A few approaches have been proposed in the literature. However, initiation and successful management of such efforts may depend on where a given case study fits in the overall classification of data mining approaches. Today's knowledge discovery from data can be classified in several ways: (i) data mining on engineered systems (e.g. complex equipment) or systems designed by nature (e.g. life sciences), (ii) explanatory or predictive data mining, (iii) data mining from static data (e.g. data warehouse) or dynamic data (e.g. data streams), (iv) user operated or automated data mining. There could still be other ways to classify data mining applications. This talk provides an overview of the above listed knowledge discovery applications. We provide examples where we demonstrate how small or large amounts of data, when understood from a real-world data mining point of view and the required data is properly integrated, can result in novel knowledge discovery case studies. We explain motivations and challenges of establishing real-world data mining case studies and also demonstrate how our case studies can lead to real world applications and even tools that could be deployed for better management of today's data rich environments.
Measurement and Content of Nonheme and Total Iron in Muscle

A method for determining the nonheme iron content of meats was evaluated and used to determine the nonheme and heme iron content of selected muscles from beef, pork, and lamb. The method allows a quantitative determination of nonheme iron in meat and is influenced to only a minor degree by the presence of heme iron. Heating meat in a boiling water bath increased the nonheme iron content of the meat. Possibly, heating accelerates oxidative cleavage of the prophyrin ring thereby allowing release of the iron from the heme complex. Total iron content differed between muscles in pork and beef but not in lamb. Heme iron, expressed as percent of the total iron, in raw pork, lamb, and beef average 49, 57, and 62%, respectively.
The genetic sonogram: a method of risk assessment for Down syndrome in the second trimester.

Objective. To determine the risk of Down syndrome in fetuses with sonographic markers using the Bayes theorem and likelihood ratios. Methods. We prospectively evaluated the midtrimester sonographic features of fetuses with Down syndrome and compared them with euploid fetuses. Patients were referred for an increased risk of aneuploidy and evaluated for the presence of structural defects, a nuchal fold, short long bones, pyelectasis, an echogenic intracardiac focus, and hyperechoic bowel. All fetuses underwent amniocentesis at the time of sonographic assessment. The sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios for markers were calculated both as nonisolated and isolated findings. Results. There were 164 fetuses with Down syndrome and 656 euploid fetuses. The presence of any marker resulted in sensitivity for the detection of Down syndrome of 80.5% with a false-positive rate of 12.4%. The absence of any markers conferred a likelihood ratio of 0.2, decreasing the risk of Down syndrome by 80%. As an isolated marker, the nuchal fold had an “infinite” likelihood ratio for Down syndrome; a short humerus had a likelihood ratio of 5.8, whereas structural anomalies had a likelihood ratio of 3.3. Other isolated markers had low likelihood ratios because of the higher prevalence in the unaffected population. The likelihood ratios for the presence of 1, 2, and 3 of any of the markers were 1.9, 6.2, and 80, respectively. Conclusions. Although an isolated marker with a low likelihood ratio may not increase a patient’s risk of Down syndrome, the presence of such a marker precludes reduc
Rapid determination of enantiomeric excess of α-chiral cyclohexanones using circular dichroism spectroscopy.

Ketone handedness was discriminated using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy by monitoring the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) bands of complexes between [CuI((S)-1)(CH3CN)2]PF6 and derivatized α-chiral cyclohexanones (4). This method was able to quantify the enantiomeric excess of unknown samples using a calibration curve, giving an absolute error of ±7%. The analysis was fast, allowing potential application of this assay in high-throughput screening (HTS).
Diplomacy and Other Forms of Intervention in Civil Wars

Much of the empirical literature suggests that outside interventions tend to lengthen the expected duration of civil wars; conversely, the policy community often acts as if it holds the opposite ex...
The early bear gets the goose: climate change, polar bears and lesser snow geese in western Hudson Bay

As climate change advances the date of spring breakup in Hudson Bay, polar bears are coming ashore earlier. Since they would have lost some of their opportunities to hunt ringed seals from a sea ice platform, they may be deficient in energy. Subadult polar bears appear to come ashore before more mature individuals and the earliest subadults are beginning to overlap the nesting period of the large colony of snow geese also occupying the Cape Churchill Peninsula. The eggs these bears are known to eat could make up some of their energy shortfall. The earlier these eggs are consumed during the snow goose nesting period, the greater would be the energy that is available. Recent studies have shown that the annual survival rate for subadult bears declined in contrast to that of prime aged individuals. If this reduction in survival is related to an increasing energy deficit, as suggested by some, the consumption of goose eggs may reverse the trend and help stabilize the population, at least for some period of time. The total number of polar bears that could benefit from this resource will depend on the increasing temporal overlap with the nesting period and on the foraging behaviors of individuals eating the eggs. It is likely that other food sources will also have to play a role if the polar bears are to persist.
Purification, characterization, and crystallization of the components of a biphenyl dioxygenase system from Sphingobium yanoikuyae B1

Sphingobium yanoikuyae B1 initiates the catabolism of biphenyl by adding dioxygen to the aromatic nucleus to form (+)-cis-(2R, 3S)-dihydroxy-1-phenylcyclohexa-4,6-diene. The present study focuses on the biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase system, which catalyzes the dioxygenation reaction. This enzyme has been shown to have a broad substrate range, catalyzing the dioxygenation of not only biphenyl, but also three- and four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Extracts prepared from biphenyl-grown B1 cells contained three protein components that were required for the oxidation of biphenyl. The genes encoding the three components (bphA4, bphA3 and bphA1f,A2f) were expressed in Escherichia coli. Biotransformations of biphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and benzo[a]pyrene as substrates using the recombinant E. coli strain resulted in the formation of the expected cis-dihydrodiol products previously shown to be produced by biphenyl-induced strain B1. The three protein components were purified to apparent homogeneity and characterized in detail. The reductase component (bphA4), designated reductaseBPH-B1, was a 43 kD monomer containing one mol FAD/mol reductaseBPH-B1. The ferredoxin component (bphA3), designated ferredoxinBPH-B1, was a 12 kD monomer containing approximately 2 g-atoms each of iron and acid-labile sulfur. The oxygenase component (bphA1f,A2f), designated oxygenaseBPH-B1, was a 217 kD heterotrimer consisting of α and β subunits (approximately 51 and 21 kD, respectively). The iron and acid-labile sulfur contents of oxygenaseBPH-B1 per αβ were 2.4 and 1.8 g-atom per mol, respectively. Reduced ferredoxinBPH-B1 and oxygenaseBPH-B1 each gave EPR signals typical of Rieske [2Fe-2S] proteins. Crystals of reductaseBPH-B1, ferredoxinBPH-B1 and oxygenaseBPH-B1 diffracted to 2.5 A, 2.0 A and 1.75 A, respectively. The structures of the three proteins are currently being determined.
Jealousy and Problems of Commitment

Romantic jealousy has only recently been the object of sustained social science research, though, of course, it is an old problem for individuals, cultures, and therapists. It is also a problem that may be increasing in frequency and intensity (Bringle & Buunk, 1985; Hupka, 1991; Mullen & Maack, 1985; Pines, 1992; Salovey, 1991; White & Helbick, 1988; White & Mullen, 1989). The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the relationship between the concept of self and certain features of the commitment process that may be related to the threat to self in jealousy situations. I do not offer a choice among several possible definitions of commitment, which are presented elsewhere in this volume. However, commitment is informally defined here as a process of increasing material and psychological interdependence, which may be signified at times by conscious statements of emotion and relationship status.
Noise in Digital Dynamic CMOS Circuits

Dynamic logic is an attractive circuit technique giving reduced area and increased speed for CMOS circuits. Static logic has a major advantage: its superior noise margins. To be able to choose between a static and a dynamic implementation of a design, we need to know the requirements for dynamic logic. Here we try to identify possible errors, estimate the limits and discuss some possible soIutioDS when considering noise in dynamic drcuits.
Association Between Intraoperative Low Blood Pressure and Development of Surgical Site Infection After Colorectal Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective:We tested the primary hypothesis that surgical site infections (SSIs) are more common in patients who had longer periods of intraoperative low blood pressure. Our secondary hypothesis was that hospitalization is prolonged in patients experiencing longer periods of critically low systolic b
Proposing Ties in a Dense Hypergraph of Academics

Nearly all personal relationships exhibit a multiplexity where people relate to one another in many different ways. Using a set of faculty CVs from multiple research institutions, we mined a hypergraph of researchers connected by co-occurring named entities (people, places and organizations). This results in an edge-sparse, link-dense structure with weighted connections that accurately encodes faculty department structure. We introduce a novel model that generates dyadic proposals of how well two nodes should be connected based on both the mass and distributional similarity of links through shared neighbors. Similar link prediction tasks have been primarily explored in unipartite settings, but for hypergraphs where hyper-edges out-number nodes 25-to-1, accounting for link similarity is crucial. Our model is tested by using its proposals to recover link strengths from four systematically lesioned versions of the graph. The model is also compared to other link prediction methods in a static setting. Our results show the model is able to recover a majority of link mass in various settings and that it out-performs other link prediction methods. Overall, the results support the descriptive fidelity of our text-mined, named entity hypergraph of multi-faceted relationships and underscore the importance of link similarity in analyzing link-dense multiplexitous relationships.
Atrophy of Crustacean Somatic Muscle and the Proteinases that do the Job. A Review

As much as 60% of the muscle in the propodus of both chelae of some brachyurans atrophies during proecdysis and is restored during metecdysis. We describe here the structural changes that occur during atrophy of such chelae muscles as well as atrophy of somatic muscle from a number of species of Crustacea in response to one or more of several physiological stimuli. Atrophy is not random and whole fibers are not lost; the remaining cellular structures provide a framework into which newly synthesized myofibrillar proteins are packed during metecdysis. As seen in electron micrographs as well as in gel electropherograms, more thin filament proteins (actin, troponin, and tropomyosin) are degraded when compared to those from thick filaments
Evaluation on Implementation Effect of Tuberculosis Control Program in Wanzhou District of Chongqing from 2001 to 2009

Objective To assess the implementation effect of tuberculosis control program in Wanzhou District of Chongqing during the period of 2001~ 2009. Methods The report data and annual summary of tuberculosis(TB) control,final evaluation data as well as supervision and evaluation data during the period of 2001～2009 were collected,analyzed and evaluated. Results Modern TB control strategies were carried out.DOTS coverage rate reached 100%.The county-town-village three-level tuberculosis prevention and control network was established and improved.The reporting and registration system of TB prevention and control was standardized and normalized.A total of 44,239 suspected TB cases were found during the period of 2001～2009,among which,13,959 were diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis.The sputum conversion rates of primary treatment and re-treatment of smear-positive tuberculosis cases were 93.9% and 89.8%,respectively. Conclusions We achieved the "high detection rate" and "high curative rate". A large number of infectious tuberculosis patients were discovered and cured.Spread and prevalence of TB in Wanzhou District of Chongqing were effectively prevented.
Failure Rate and Clinical Outcomes of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Autograft Hamstring Versus a Hybrid Graft.

Purpose To compare the revision rate and subjective outcome measures of autograft hamstring versus a soft tissue hybrid graft combining both autograft hamstring and tibialis allograft for isolated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Methods A single-center retrospective, nonrandomized, comparative study of isolated ACL reconstruction revision rates for subjects who underwent arthroscopic reconstruction of the ACL using autograft hamstring or a soft tissue hybrid graft using both autograft hamstring and tibialis allograft was performed. Patients with isolated ACL tears were included and underwent anatomic single-bundle reconstruction using an independent tunnel drilling technique and a minimum of 24 months' follow-up. The primary outcome assessed was the presence or absence of ACL rerupture. Secondary clinical outcomes consisted of the International Knee Documentation Committee, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) ACL quality of life assessment, and the visual analog pain scale. Results Between February 2010 and April 2013, 95 patients with isolated ACL tears between ages 18 and 40 met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled. Seventy-one autograft hamstring and 24 soft tissue hybrid graft ACL reconstructions were performed during the course of this study. The follow-up period was 24 to 32 months (mean 26.9 months). There were no statistically significant differences in patient demographics or Outerbridge classification. No statistically significant differences in ACL retears (5.6% auto, 4.2% hybrid; P = .57) were found between groups. Clinical International Knee Documentation Committee and UCLA ACL quality of life assessment improvement scores revealed no statistically significant differences in autograft and hybrid graft reconstructions (41 ± 11, 43 ± 13; P = .65) (38 ± 11, 40 ± 10; P = .23). The mean pain level decreased from 8.1 to 2.8 in the autograft group and 7.9 to 2.5 in the hybrid group ( P = .18). Conclusions The use of a hybrid soft tissue graft has a comparable rerupture rate and clinical outcome to ACL reconstruction using autograft hamstring. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective comparative study.
"How good it is to be a monkey": Conversion and spiritual formation in Gene Luen Yang's American Born Chinese

For me, the most complex and nuanced intersection of theology and spiritual formation written in literature for young people is contained in the work of Gene Luen Yang. The scope of this article is...
Super-Resolution Image Reconstruction for Diverse Sub-Imager Arrays

High resolution images can be estimated using multiple low resolution images obtained from an array of sub- imagers with overlapping fields of view. Design choices for the optics and sensors of a flat camera can have a significant impact on the performance of reconstruction algorithms. This paper will analyze designs that provide diversity which reduces the expected error of reconstruction algorithms. It will be assumed that the fields of view of individual sub-imagers can be controlled so that the desired resolution improvement at the object distance of interest can be achieved. Simulations will demonstrate the analytical results.
Expert Knowledge Influences Decision-Making for Couples Receiving Positive Prenatal Chromosomal Microarray Testing Results

To assess how participants receiving abnormal prenatal genetic testing results seek information and understand the implications of results, 27 US female patients and 12 of their male partners receiving positive prenatal microarray testing results completed semi-structured phone interviews. These interviews documented participant experiences with chromosomal microarray testing, understanding of and emotional response to receiving results, factors affecting decision-making about testing and pregnancy termination, and psychosocial needs throughout the testing process. Interview data were analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach. In the absence of certainty about the implications of results, understanding of results is shaped by biomedical expert knowledge (BEK) and cultural expert knowledge (CEK). When there is a dearth of BEK, as in the case of receiving results of uncertain significance, participants rely on CEK, including religious/spiritual beliefs, "gut instinct," embodied knowledge, and social network informants. CEK is a powerful platform to guide understanding of prenatal genetic testing results. The utility of culturally situated expert knowledge during testing uncertainty emphasizes that decision-making occurs within discourses beyond the biomedical domain. These forms of "knowing" may be integrated into clinical consideration of efficacious patient assessment and counseling.
Contiguous community development

Abstract There are two sides to community development: development IN a community and development OF community. To get community members organically involved in community change, these two sides need to complement each other. We propose that one way of doing so is through facilitating what we have termed contiguous community development. This involves community members learning from each other through descriptive, explanatory, and praxis dialogues utilizing their social networks of ties and communities of practice. This practice of community development enables a community to address its problems and needs (development IN the community) and to enhance community members’ relationships, togetherness, enthusiasm, and self-worth (development OF community). Subsistent and substantive communities, which have significant gemeinschaft relationships and allocentric behavior, provide a favorable social environment for contiguous community development. We draw on case stories from Pamoza International and Utooni Development Organizations in Malawi and Kenya respectively to explain the contiguous community development practice. We find that successful contiguous community development involves four main factors. The first is exposure to new ideas, reflection on those ideas, then engaging in action. The second is people acquiring or developing and retaining, into their conscious, values including the desire to learn from each other, understanding a problem and the need to address it, hard work, and visioning what a better community would look like. The third is organic organizational growth that is responsive to what people are learning and doing. The fourth is the integration of development IN a community and development OF community.
The Dialectical Problematic of Resolving the Black–White Academic Achievement Gap and Climate Change

ABSTRACTIn this article, I argue that resolving the Black–White academic achievement gap is incompatible with the emerging issues of global climate change. That is, solutions (equitable funding of schools and resources, school integration movements, and after-school and mentoring programs) for closing the gap in order so that Blacks in America and elsewhere can achieve equality of opportunity, recognition, and distribution with their White and Asian counterparts within the global capitalist world system undermine efforts to combat climate change caused by the aforementioned capitalist form of system and social integration. Climate change, via global warming associated with overaccumulation, resource depletion, pollution, and so forth, is a product of capitalist exploitation of the planet, and efforts to resolve the Black–White academic achievement gap, which is a product of capitalist structural reproduction and differentiation, seeks to integrate Blacks into the global capitalist world system so as to ac...