cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On coalition formation: a game-theoretical approach

This paper deals with the question of coalition formation inn-person cooperative games. Two abstract game models of coalition formation are proposed. We then study the core and the dynamic solution of these abstract games. These models assume that there is a rule governing the allocation of payoffs to each player in each coalition structure called a payoff solution concept. The predictions of these models are characterized for the special case of games with side payments using various payoff solution concepts such as the individually rational payoffs, the core, the Shapley value and the bargaining set M1 (i). Some modifications of these models are also discussed.
How I Say What You Think

utt and Jeff agree on what sentences Odile accepts. They agree about M her dispositions to behavior. They agree on just about everything which seems relevant to the question, does Odile believe that Twain is dead? They don’t agree on the answer. When Mutt was asked, it was because someone wanted to know whether Odile would list Twain under dead Americans. Mutt knew she accepted ‘Twain is dead’ and thus said ‘yes’. Jeff was asked by someone who couldn’t understand why Odile, who’s pointing to Twain’s picture, wants to meet him. Doesn’t she realize that Twain is dead? Jeff knew she rejected ‘he’s dead’. He answered that, no, Odile didn’t believe that Twain was dead. What are we to make of this? This paper investigates a way of saying that they’re both right. Not because
Effects of hormone replacement therapy on olfactory sensitivity: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies

Objective: To determine whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) preserved or improved olfactory sensitivity in healthy postmenopausal women. Methods: Sixty-two postmenopausal women participated in a cross-sectional study of olfactory sensitivity involving detection, intensity discrimination, quality discrimination and two measures of quality recognition. In addition, 24 postmenopausal women participated in a longitudinal study of olfactory sensitivity. This study allowed for the measurement of estrogen effects (while holding practice effects constant) and the measurement of practice effects (while holding HRT conditions constant). Results: In the cross-sectional study, we were unable to detect any differences between those receiving HRT and those not receiving HRT. Duration of exposure to HRT was examined by selecting women who had 5 or more years of exposure to their HRT regimen. Even after the data were reorganized into those for opposed- and unopposed-estrogen use, we were unable to detect any differ...
Combustion in plane steady compressible flow: general considerations and gasdynamical adjustment regions

Discussion, suivant le nombre de Mach a la sortie de la buse, de la structure de l'ecoulement. Rappel de resultats concernant la temperature d'arret. Etude de la nature d'une equation pour la vitesse du gaz en fonction de la distance a la buse. Discussion de l'existence et de la structure du champ d'apres cette equation. Analyse asymptotique aux grandes energies d'activation
Intensive Care Unit–Acquired Weakness: Implications for Physical Therapist Management

Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) can develop a condition referred to as “ICU-acquired weakness.” This condition is characterized by profound weakness that is greater than might be expected to result from prolonged bed rest. Intensive care unit–acquired weakness often is accompanied by dysfunction of multiple organ systems. Individuals with ICU-acquired weakness typically have significant activity limitations, often requiring physical assistance for even the most basic activities associated with bed mobility. Many of these individuals have activity limitations months to years after hospitalization. The purpose of this article is to review evidence that guides physical rehabilitation of people with ICU-acquired weakness. Included are diagnostic criteria, medical management, and prognostic indicators, as well as criteria for beginning physical rehabilitation, with an emphasis on patient safety. Data are presented indicating that rehabilitation can be implemented with very few adverse effects. Evidence is provided for appropriate measurement approaches and for physical intervention strategies. Finally, some of the key issues are summarized that should be investigated to determine the best intervention guidelines for individuals with ICU-acquired weakness.
Enhancement of organic vapor incineration using hydrogen peroxide

Abstract Incineration of dilute mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air was studied in an externally heated quartz tube reactor. Dilute solutions of hydrogen peroxide in water were injected into the flowing air stream at various molar ratios of H2O2 to VOCs. A number of trials were made to determine global destruction kinetics for two VOCs — heptane and isopropanol. Temperatures studied ranged from 637°C to 700°C and residence times varied from 0.26 to 0.94 seconds. It was shown that H2O2 definitely increased the rate of destruction of the primary organics. However, at the residence times and temperatures studied, both organic intermediates and CO persisted. A surprising experimental result was that position of the H2O2 injector relative to the reaction zone made a dramatic difference in the results.
Facilitating cells as a venue to establish mixed chimerism and tolerance

Graft rejection and the toxicity associated with the use of non-specific immunosuppression remain the major limitations in pediatric solid organ transplantation. The induction of tolerance in transplant recipients is an elusive but achievable goal that will decrease the dependence on immunosuppressive agents. BMT is associated with a robust form of donor-specific transplantation tolerance. It achieves a state of chimerism, defined as the presence of donor marrow cells in the recipient. The two major toxicities in conventional bone marrow transplantation that have prevented its clinical application to induce tolerance are the toxicity of ablative conditioning and GVHD. Two forms of chimerism exist: full chimerism and mixed chimerism. In full chimerism, the hematopoietic system of the recipient is replaced by that of the donor following ablative conditioning. Full chimerism is associated with a relatively impaired immunocompetence for primary immune responses and an increased risk of GVHD. In addition, the 7-10% regimen-related mortality associated with ablation could not be accepted in solid organ allograft recipients. In mixed chimerism the donor hematopoietic system co-exists with that of the recipient. Mixed chimerism induces donor-specific tolerance and is associated with superior immunocompetence and a relative resistance to GVHD compared with full chimerism. Moreover, it can be achieved with partial conditioning, thereby reducing the regimen-related morbidity associated with myeloablation. Approaches to establish mixed chimerism using non-myeloablative-conditioning regimens have been aggressively pursued over the past decade. Mixed chimerism can be safely established with minimal conditioning, resulting in a significant reduction in risk compared with ablative conditioning. GVHD is the final hurdle that has prevented the widespread application of chimerism to induce tolerance. Donor T cells are the primary effector cells for GVHD. Although T cell depletion of the donor marrow avoids GVHD, it results in an increase in the rate of graft failure in MHC-disparate recipients. The dichotomy between GVHD and T cell depletion graft failure has recently been dissociated by the discovery of CD8+/TCR- graft FC. Purified HSC engraft readily in syngeneic recipients but not in MHC-disparate allogeneic recipients. The addition of small numbers of facilitating cells permits durable HSC engraftment in allogeneic recipients and avoids GVHD. Using FC to promote HSC engraftment following non-myeloablative conditioning could be a promising approach to establish tolerance in solid organ transplantation. This invited review focuses on recent developments in stem cell chimerism and tolerance that could bring the use of this approach to induce tolerance to solid organ transplantation one step closer to reality.
Some applications of the polytope problem

In this paper, a solution for the existence of a fixed order stabilizing controller for any SISO plant (continuous domain or discrete domain) is proposed. Also, the question of the existence of a constant output feedback to stabilize a SIMO or a MISO plant is addressed. These applications are based on the algorithm for determining the existence of a stable polynomial in a polytope, which has recently been proposed by the author. Three numerical examples are included to illustrate various applications.
Expression profiles frame the promoter specificity dilemma of the ETS family of transcription factors.

Sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that function as transcription factors are frequently encoded by gene families. Such proteins display highly conserved DNA binding properties, yet are expected to retain promoter selectivity. In this report we investigate this problem using the ets gene family, a group of metazoan genes whose members regulate cell growth and differentiation and are mutated in human cancers. We tested whether the level of mRNA can serve as a specificity determinant. The mRNA levels of the 27 paralogous human ets genes were measured in 23 tissues and cell lines. Real-time RT–PCR provided accurate measurement of absolute mRNA levels for each gene down to one copy per cell. Surprisingly, at least 16 paralogs were expressed in each cell sample and over half were expressed ubiquitously. Tissues and complementary cell lines showed similar expression patterns, indicating that tissue complexity was not a limitation. There was no unique, highly expressed gene for each cell type. Instead, one of only eight ets genes showed the highest expression in all samples. DNA binding studies illustrate both overlapping and unique specificities for ubiquitous ETS proteins. These findings establish the parameters of the promoter specificity dilemma within the ets family of transcription factors.
Development of a solid-state potentiometric heparin sensing cartridge based on photocrosslinked decyl methacrylate

A novel solid-state potentiometric sensing cartridge for detecting the polyanionic anticoagulant drug heparin is introduced. The device is based on photocrosslinked decyl methacrylate (DIMA) polyanion-sensitive films covalently immobilized over screen-printed silver epoxy electrodes. The fabrication and optimization of such a sensing arrangement are discussed. In accordance with potentiometric polyion response theory, a sensitive response to heparin can be achieved by decreasing the amounts of ion-exchanger, plasticizer, and crosslinker in the membrane. A novel hydrophilic copolymer can be used as an internal layer to improve EMF reproducibility. Clinical levels of heparin can be detected in as little as 50 /spl mu/L of whole blood.
Employing immunomarkers to track dispersal and trophic relationships of a piercing-sucking predator, Podisus maculiventris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Immunoproteins are markers that are useful for monitoring dispersal and/or pest consumption, but current application techniques are less effective for the large guild of piercing-sucking predators important in biocontrol. We quantified the use of protein immunomarks in tracking emigration of spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris Say (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and predation on the hornworm caterpillar, Manduca sexta L. (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). An external protein mark was topically applied to adult P. maculiventris to assess persistence under field conditions for >2 wk. Internal marks were incorporated into the artificial diet of M. sexta to test retention of the internal mark in the prey and uptake of the mark by predators. External marks remained detectable in 100% of individuals after 3 d and >50% still tested positive at 12 d after application in the field. Internal diet-based marking was also effective in tracking feeding by P. maculiventris on M. sexta, especially using rabbit IgG that was far more persistent than chicken IgY. Nearly 90% of stink bugs fed caterpillars previously reared on protein-enriched diet retained their mark for 24 h. Surprisingly, diet concentration and time reared on diet had comparatively little impact on mark retention. Development on unmarked tomato leaves clearly diluted the initial diet mark, but plant-reared individuals that were marked were still successfully detected in 35 and 20% of the predators.
Coxsackievirus can persist in murine pancreas by deletion of 5' terminal genomic sequences.

Enterovirus infections are generally acute and rapidly cleared by the host immune response. Enteroviruses can at times persist in immunologically intact individuals after the rise of the type-specific neutralizing immune response. The mechanism of enterovirus persistence was shown in group B coxsackieviruses (CVB) to be due to naturally-occurring deletions at the 5′ terminus of the genome which variably impact the stem-loop secondary structure called domain I. These deletions result in much slower viral replication and a loss of measurable cytopathic effect when such 5′ terminally deleted (TD) viruses are assayed in cell culture. The existence and persistence of CVB-TD long after the acute phase of infection has been documented in hearts of experimentally inoculated mice and naturally infected humans but to date, the existence of TD enteroviral populations have not been documented in any other organ. Enteroviral infections have been shown to impact type 1 diabetes (T1D) onset in humans as well as in the non-obese diabetic mouse model of T1D. The first step to studying the potential impact of CVB-TD on T1D etiology is to determine whether CVB-TD populations can arise in the pancreas. After inoculation of NOD diabetic mice with CVB, viral RNA persists in the absence of cytopathic virus in pancreas weeks past the acute infectious period. Analysis of viral genomic 5′ termini by RT-PCR showed CVB-TD populations displace the parental population during persistent replication in murine pancreata. J. Med. Virol. 87:240–247, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combining Cytotoxic and Immune-Mediated Gene Therapy to Treat Brain Tumors

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a type of intracranial brain tumor, for which there is no cure. In spite of advances in surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, patients die within a year of diagnosis. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop novel therapeutic approaches for this disease. Gene therapy, which is the use of genes or other nucleic acids as drugs, is a powerful new treatment strategy which can be developed to treat GBM. Several treatment modalities are amenable for gene therapy implementation, e.g. conditional cytotoxic approaches, targeted delivery of toxins into the tumor mass, immune stimulatory strategies, and these will all be the focus of this review. Both conditional cytotoxicity and targeted toxin mediated tumor death, are aimed at eliminating an established tumor mass and preventing further growth. Tumors employ several defensive strategies that suppress and inhibit anti-tumor immune responses. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in eliciting anti-tumor immune responses has identified promising targets for immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is designed to aid the immune system to recognize and destroy tumor cells in order to eliminate the tumor burden. Also, immune-therapeutic strategies have the added advantage that an activated immune system has the capability of recognizing tumor cells at distant sites from the primary tumor, therefore targeting metastasis distant from the primary tumor locale. Pre-clinical models and clinical trials have demonstrated that in spite of their location within the central nervous system (CNS), a tissue described as 'immune privileged', brain tumors can be effectively targeted by the activated immune system following various immunotherapeutic strategies. This review will highlight recent advances in brain tumor immunotherapy, with particular emphasis on advances made using gene therapy strategies, as well as reviewing other novel therapies that can be used in combination with immunotherapy. Another important aspect of implementing gene therapy in the clinical arena is to be able to image the targeting of the therapeutics to the tumors, treatment effectiveness and progression of disease. We have therefore reviewed the most exciting non-invasive, in vivo imaging techniques which can be used in combination with gene therapy to monitor therapeutic efficacy over time.
The Problem with Negotiated Settlements to Ethnic Civil Wars

A burgeoning literature has emerged on the utility of negotiated settlements as a method of terminating civil wars. 1 Negotiated settlements comprise less than one quarter of all civil war endings,...
Spatial Filtering for Identifying a Shortest Path Around Obstacles

The shortest path between two locations is crucial for location modeling, spatial analysis, and wayfinding in complex environments. When no transportation system or network exists, continuous space movement adds substantial complexity to identifying a best path as there are increased travel options as well as barriers inhibiting potential movement. To derive the shortest path, various methods have been developed. Recent work has attempted to exploit spatial knowledge and geographic information system functionality, representing significant advantages over existing methods. However, a high density of obstacles increases computational complexity making real-time solution difficult in some situations. This article presents a spatial filtering method to enhance Euclidean shortest path derivation in complex environments. The new approach offers substantial computational improvement while still guaranteeing an optimal path is found. Application results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach and its comparative superiority.
A note on the theorem of Maynard and Tao

In a recent and much celebrated breakthrough, Maynard and Tao have independently proved a certain approximation to the prime k-tuple conjecture. We have subsequently seen numerous interesting applications of the Maynard–Tao sieve method, and in this short survey we will discuss some of its consequences for patterns in the gaps between consecutive primes. These include a conjecture of Erdős and Turan (as pointed out by Granville), and a conjecture of Chowla (first proved by Shiu in 1997). More recently it has been realized that the Maynard–Tao sieve method does not only produce small gaps between primes, but, as we will also discuss, it may be combined with a construction of Erdős–Rankin for producing large gaps between consecutive primes, resulting in small, medium and large gaps between consecutive primes.
Biological control of marine invasive species: cautionary tales and land-based lessons

Biological control (biocontrol) has successfully regulated pest populations in terrestrial agroecosystems, but it has also caused negative unintended consequences for native species. Marine biologists and resource managers have recently published a growing number of proposals to include biocontrol in integrated pest management programs in oceans, seas and estuaries. Here, I review six ecologically and taxonomically diverse case studies of marine biocontrol programs at various stages of planning and implementation. Proposals include viral or microbial control of harmful algal blooms, predatory control of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Black Sea, parasitic regulation of the European green crab Carcinus maenas, castration by ciliates of the seastar Asterias amurensis in Australia, herbivory of the toxic green alga Caulerpa taxifolia in the Mediterranean by sacoglossan sea slugs, and insect biocontrol by the planthopper Prokelesia marginata to ameliorate ecological impacts of the saltmarsh cordgrass Spartina alterniflora. Where data exist, I evaluate these examples in terms of lessons marine invasion biologists can glean from the rich history of terrestrial biocontrol, and explicitly contrast agroecosystems with invaded marine habitats. Host specificity cannot be guaranteed in the marine biocontrol proposals examined. Feasible alternatives to classical biocontrol in the marine realm should be emphasized, including more investment in invasion prevention tools, early detection and eradication while invasions are small, and increased attention to native natural enemies to control exotic pests. Biocontrol in marine habitats is risky: it poses many more uncertainties and has a much sparser history than its counterpart on land.
Vascular biology of metabolic syndrome

The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of clinical risk factors comprising atherogenic dyslipidemia (low high-density lipoprotein and high triglycerides levels), elevated blood pressure, elevated plasma glucose, a prothrombotic state, and a proinflammatory state accompanied by an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The adipose tissue of obese humans contains increased numbers of macrophages, and once activated, these macrophages are responsible for the expression of most of the tissue's tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6. Chronic inflammation associated with visceral obesity induces altered lipoprotein metabolism and insulin resistance in the liver. Adipocytes secrete a variety of hormones, cytokines, growth factors, and other bioactive substances, conceptualized as adipocytokines, including plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), TNF-α, leptin, and adiponectin. The dysregulation of these adipokines contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity. Adipose tissue-resident macrophages and adipocytes in the adipose tissue combined with the consequences of hyperglycemia, altered lipoproteins, and hyperinsulinemia in the vasculature and within organ microcirculation lead to dysfunctional endothelia and a proinflammatory state. Metabolic syndrome thus represents a combination of synergistic vascular pathologies that lead to an accelerated atherogenic state that compromises the ability of the patient to satisfactorily respond to humoral, cellular, and mechanical stresses.
An Advanced Dual Basic Feasible Solution for a Class of Capacitated Generalized Networks

This paper presents a "one-pass" algorithm that determines an "advanced" dual basic feasible solution for a class of capacitated generalized network problems. Special cases in this class of problems include transportation and transshipment problems. We include computational results that show that this new start substantially improves the solution performance of the dual method for transportation and transshipment problems. In fact, a dual code employing this advanced start is found to be faster in terms of total solution time than the fastest out-of-kilter code SUPERK on highly rectangular transportation problems.
Operational specification of the SINCGARS radio in VHDL

Defines a structured methodology for modeling operational specifications in a hardware description language. The authors for the first time implement a methodology in a hardware description language that supports a unified design path. The methodology presented describes how a set of statecharts, which are derived from the end user requirements, may evolve into an operational specification written in the VHSIC hardware description language, VHDL. This methodology leads to the semi-automated development of operational specification models. >
Alternative test for linkage between two loci

When using the maximum likelihood method to test for linkage it is traditionally assumed that the female (theta f) and male (theta m) recombination fractions are equal. However, this assumption is not always realistic. In this paper we present a testing for linkage that does not require this assumption. Specifically, we propose testing for linkage by testing the null hypothesis H0: theta f + theta m = 1 vs. the alternative HA: theta f + theta m < 1, treating theta f - theta m as a nuisance parameter. This leads to a likelihood ratio test statistic that is asymptotically distributed as a chi-square with one degree of freedom. By examining the expected values of the maximum lod scores, we show that for data from phase-known meioses this test can provide a more powerful test for linkage-especially so when theta f not equal to theta m-unless the recombination fraction is zero. For data from phase-unknown meioses, the proposed test is a more powerful test for linkage only for large values of theta f - theta m; otherwise, the traditional test has higher power. Thus, the proposed test can lead to gain in power for detecting linkage when either phase is known for most meioses or when there is a large absolute difference between the male and female recombination fractions.
Creep behavior of an Al-6061 metal matrix composite reinforced with alumina particulates

Creep tests were conducted on an Al-6061 matrix alloy reinforced with 20 vol.% of irregularly shaped Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} particulates. The composite was fabricated using an ingot metallurgy technique and the creep properties were determined at temperatures from 623 to 773 K. The results show high values for both the apparent stress exponent (up to >10) and the apparent activation energy for creep ({approximately}200--275 kJ/mol) but it is demonstrated, by incorporating a threshold stress into the analysis, that the true stress exponent is close to 3 and the true activation energy is close to the value for diffusion of Mg in the Al matrix. The results suggest that creep is controlled by the viscous glide of dislocations in the Al-6061 matrix alloy. Very fast creep rates are observed at the highest stress levels owing to the breakaway of dislocations from their solute atom atmospheres. Direct comparison shows that the creep resistance of this composite is less than in an Al-6061 alloy reinforced with 20 vol.% of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} microspheres. This difference is attributed to the creation of additional precipitates in the microsphere-reinforced composite because of an interfacial reaction between the matrix alloy and the reinforcement.
Design, Fabrication and Characterization of a Spherically Focused Capacitive Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Transducer

We report the development, fabrication, and testing of spherically focused capacitive air-coupled ultrasonic transducers, that need no mirror, zone plate, or similar external device. To achieve native focusing, we have employed a flexible copper/polyimide backplate that per- mits a conformal fit to a spherical fixture whose radius determines the focal length. A spheri- cally deformed aluminized Mylar foil, conforms to the spherical backplate, completing the transducer. Two devices have been fabricated and tested, one having a 1-cm diameter and 2.54-cm focus, and another with a 5-cm diameter and 5.1-cm focus. Both devices have frequency spectra centered at 840 kHz with -6 dB points at 310 and 1200 kHz. Using a quasi-point re- ceiver, the beam diameter is found to be 2.7 mm (1-cm device) and 1.32 mm (5-cm device) in the focal plane, when excited with a broadband signal. The monochromatic diffraction behavior of the 1-cm device agrees with model calculations based on a focused piston radiator to within the measurement resolution of about 2%. Features as small as a 250-micron wire have been successfully imaged using the 5-cm devices in a confocal geometry, demonstrating resolution at the diffraction limit for this device. Further examples of defect imaging in honeycomb com- posites and in wood are also presented.
Relationship of Glucocorticoid Suppression of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism to Alteration of Neutrophil Function

The role of arachidonic acid metabolism in glucocorticoid-induced suppression of neutrophil function was investigated. In vivo treatment of cattle with dexamethasone decreased the production of lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism (leukotriene B4 [LTB4] and H-5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid [5-HETE]) in neutrophils. We previously reported that in vivo dexamethasone treatment resulted in alteration of in vitro neutrophil oxidative metabolism, iodination, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), and random migration. To determine if the decrease in production of LTB4 and 5-HETE were responsible for the changes in neutrophil function, neutrophils were treated in vitro with inhibitors of the lipoxygenase enzyme (BW755c and nordihydroguaiaretic acid), and their function was evaluated. A decrease in neutrophil oxidative metabolism and iodination was observed, but there was no effect on neutrophil random migration or ADCC. The results suggest that in vivo treatment with glucocorticoids inhibit neutrophil oxidative metabolism and iodination by decreasing the formation of lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism but alter neutrophil random migration and ADCC by a mechanism independent of arachidonic acid metabolism.
Survival of common goldeneye ducklings in interior Alaska

Duckling survival is an important component of waterfowl population dynamics, and we provide the first-known estimates of duckling survival for common goldeneyes (Bucephala clangula) at the northern limit of their range in Interior Alaska. We color-marked common goldeneye ducklings from 91 broods and radio-marked a subset of the females (n = 39) from a nest-box population in the boreal forest during the summers of 2002 and 2003. We monitored 46 broods in 2002 and 2003 combined and estimated daily survival rates (DSR) and survival to 30 days of age using program MARK. We modeled DSR in relation to year, linear trend across season, duckling age, female age, female body condition, initial brood size, and daily precipitation. Model-averaged duckling survival estimates from the mean yearly hatch date to 30 days of age were 0.64 (95% CI, 0.37–0.90) and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.54–0.80) for 2002 and 2003, respectively. Our best-approximating model indicated that survival differed by year and increased in a linear manner over the course of the 2002 season. Precipitation had a consistent negative effect on duckling survival in both years across models, whereas duckling age did not explain much of the variation in daily survival rates. In light of the decline of many populations of sea ducks, we suggest that more effort should be expended to obtain estimates of other population parameters for common goldeneyes, and monitoring programs should attempt to estimate populations more precisely to identify population-level changes in the future.
Using Designing for Human Variability to optimize Aircraft eat Layout

Integrating the seemingly divergent objectives of aircraft seat configuration is a difficult task. Aircraft manufacturers look to design seats to maximize customer satisfaction and in-flight safety, but these objectives can conflict with the profit motive of airline companies. In order to boost revenue by increasing the number of passengers per aircraft, airline companies may increase seat height and decrease seat pitch in order to increase the number of passengers on the plane. This results in disaccommodation of a greater percentage of the passenger population and is a reason for rising customer dissatisfaction. This paper describes an effort to bridge this gap by incorporating digital human models, layout optimization, and a profit-maximizing constraint into the aircraft seat design problem. A simplified aircraft seat design experiment is conceptualized and its hypothetical results are extrapolated to an airline passenger population. The dependence of passengers’ comfort ratings on seat height and seat pitch are analyzed, with the aim being to study how to maximize the design’s profitability while not compromising on comfort. This is a specific example of a general problem: modeling the design space of multi-objective problems involving designing for human variability. These multiple and often conflicting objectives can exist purely within the design (e.g., minimizing weight while maximizing strength) or can involve higher-level targets such as satisfying customers, passing regulatory requirements, and achieving profits (unfortunately these are not always congruent).
The Journey to Becoming an Adult Learner: From Dependent to Self-Directed Learning

“Half of what you’ll learn in medical school will be shown to be either wrong or out of date within 5 years of graduation; the trouble is that nobody can tell you which half, so the important thing to learn is how to learn on your own.” —David L. Sackett, OC, MD [(1)][1] This statement by
Maria and Joseph Plasencia's Lost Weekend: The Case of Landon v. Plasencia

This is a chapter to a book, edited by David A. Martin and Peter H. Schuck, that includes chapters telling the stories of major U.S. immigration law cases. This chapter tells the human story of Maria and Joseph Plasencia behind the Supreme Court's decision in Landon v. Plasencia 459 U.S. 21 (1982). In an opinion written by Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, the Court held that the question whether Plasencia, a lawful permanent resident who was accused of being inadmissible because she was seeking to smuggle noncitizens into the country upon her return to a brief weekend trip to Mexico, could be determined in an exclusion (rather than a deportation) hearing, but also that this hearing must comport with due process. Prompted by Landon v. Plasencia, Congress in 1996 amended the immigration statute to provide that returning lawful permanent residents seeking to enter the country are generally not subject to the same procedures and inadmissibility grounds as first-time entrants. A beneficial dialogue between the Supreme Court in Landon v. Plasencia and Congress thus secured greater rights for lawful permanent residents and arguably made immigration procedures more consistent with mainstream constitutional norms. The real life drama of Maria and Joseph Plasencia shows a rather ordinary couple - one an immigrant, the other a native-born U.S. citizen - caught up in larger national and international tides. Far from a passive observer, Maria Plasencia refused to concede removal but pressed her claim to return to her family in the United States. Legally, the Supreme Court decision in the case was a loss for Maria, but, released pending appeal and never pursued by the INS after the Supreme Court's decision, she returned to normal life in the United States with her family.
Inimer Mediated Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polyglycerol via Self-Condensing Ring-Opening Polymerization

A series of hyperbranched polyglycerols (HPGs) have been synthesized using glycol as an initiator in the presence of potassium counterion ([K+]0/[−OH]0 = 0.75) and employing batch monomer addition (BMA) to obtain insight into the kinetics of the polymerization. The first-order time–conversion plots show that the polymerization is fast up to ∼200 min, and the rate decreases substantially with increasing reaction time. Size exclusion chromatography of the HPGs during the polymerization indicates the presence of two living species in the reaction: a large fraction that grows into oligomers ( 140 000 g/mol). 13C NMR of the oligomer HPG shows signals corresponding to epoxy ring headgroup at 45.1 and 52.0 ppm and confirms the formation of epoxy anion, an inimer, via intermolecular proton transfer from glycidol. Self-condensing ring-opening polymerization of epoxy i...
Preparation of Light Trigger Color Changing Film by Blow Molding and Research on Its Performance

Light trigger color changing film is a kind of new functional materials used in various fields. Polyethylene was used as masterbatch and green phosphor as color agent in the experiment. The film was prepared by blow molding. The mechanical properties,optical properties and the color changing properties of the film were tested. The result showed that the best temperature of polyethylene melting is 188 ℃ in Ⅳ area; when the ratio of green phosphor and polyethylene is 1%,color changing properties is the best and color changing sensitivity is the highest.
Clocks and cardiovascular function

Circadian clocks in central and peripheral tissues enable the temporal synchronization and organization of molecular and physiological processes of rhythmic animals, allowing optimum functioning of cells and organisms at the most appropriate time of day. Disruption of circadian rhythms, from external or internal forces, leads to widespread biological disruption and is postulated to underlie many human conditions, such as the incidence and timing of cardiovascular disease. Here, we describe in vivo and in vitro methodology relevant to studying the role of circadian rhythms in cardiovascular function and dysfunction.
French Urbanism in Indochina

French colonialization of Indochina, arguably the most tumultuous of all of France’s colonial projects, began in 1887 and ended in 1956. It had many objectives, three of which can be considered dominant. The first was to enhance the colony’s economic potential—often qualified in French as mise en valeur. The second was ‘assimilation’ or acculturating and assimilating the people of the region. Efforts to attain this latter objective yielded negative results, including the alienation of members of the native population. This led to the conception and implementation of policies to attain a third objective, namely ‘association’ or winning the hearts and minds of the people. This chapter identifies and discusses specific spatial and physical planning projects that French colonial authorities deployed in efforts to attain these projects.
Understanding the Heart-Mind Within the Heart-Mind of the Nèiyè (Inward Training)

The Neiye 內業 (Inward Training) talks of “a heart-mind (xīn 心) within a heart-mind” that is somehow connected to or prior to language. In the context of the overall advice on looking “inward” or “internally” as part of the meditation and mysticism practice that the Neiye introduces, this talk of a heart-mind within a heart-mind arguably invites comparisons with a Cartesian “inner theater” conception of mentality. In this paper, I examine the “inner” talk of the Neiye in order to tease out its identifiable commitments in philosophical psychology. I consider the ways in which the “inner” talk of the text might be read as marking out one or more of three different inner/outer distinctions, and I argue that we can consistently read the Neiye without seeing it as marking any inner/outer distinction that is related to what is often referred to in English as “inner experience.”
Nonpharmacologic Treatment of Migraine

Migraine and headache-related disability are exacerbated by lifestyle and behavioral factors and, accordingly, some nonpharmacologic interventions also have strong efficacy as preventative treatments. Nonpharmacologic treatments are typically used in conjunction with, rather than instead of, migraine pharmacotherapy, and large comparative trials demonstrate that adding behavioral therapies to pharmacotherapy produces outcomes superior to either intervention alone.
Conceptual Provenance in Indexing Languages

This chapter discusses conceptual provenance, the phenomenon of conceptual change in indexing languages through the introduction of the author’s previous work. Observations from looking at large classification schemes, like ontogeny, semantic gravity, and collocative integrity, are introduced. The chapter closes with a discussion of key challenges in the methodology and outlines future research.
Anatomy assisted MAP-EM PET image reconstruction incorporating joint entropies of wavelet subband image pairs

A promising approach in PET image reconstruction is to incorporate high resolution anatomical information (measured from MR or CT) taking the anato-functional mutual information (MI) or its joint entropy (JE) as the prior. The MI or JE of the images only classify voxels based on intensity, while neglecting structural spatial information. In this work, we have implemented an anatomy assisted MAP-EM algorithm wherein the JE measure is supplied by spatial information generated using wavelet analysis. This approach has the benefit of utilizing some theoretical advantages of wavelets, including the ability to decompose an image of certain size into downsampled subbands. The proposed MAP-EM algorithm involves calculation of derivatives of the subband JE measures with respect to PET image intensities, which we have shown can be computed very similar to how inverse wavelet transform is performed. Using simulations of a mathematical human brain phantom with activities generated based on a clinical FDG study, it was observed that compared to conventional EM reconstruction, the proposed MAP-EM algorithm exhibited improved quantitative performance.
Interannual Arctic sea ice variability and associated winter weather patterns: A regional perspective for 1979–2014

Using Arctic sea ice concentration derived from passive microwave satellite observations in autumn and early winter over the 1979-2014 period, the Arctic region was objectively classified into several smaller regions based on the interannual sea ice variability through self-organizing map analyses. The trend in regional sea ice extent (RSIE) in each region was removed using an adaptive, nonlinear, and nonstationary method called Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition, which captures well the accelerating decline of Arctic RSIEs in recent decades. Although the linear trend in RSIE is negative in all regions in both seasons, there are marked differences in RSIE trends and variability between regions, with the largest negative trends found during autumn in the Beaufort Sea, the Barents-Kara Seas, and the Laptev-East Siberian Seas. Winter weather patterns associated with the nonlinearly detrended RSIEs show distinct features for different regions and tend to be better correlated with the autumn than early winter RSIE anomalies. Sea ice losses in the Beaufort Sea and the Barents-Kara Seas are both associated with a cooling of Eurasia, but in the former case the circulation anomaly is reminiscent of a Rossby wave train, whereas in the latter case the pattern projects onto the negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation. These results highlight the nonuniform changes in Arctic sea ice and suggest that regional sea ice variations may play a crucial role for the winter weather patterns. (Less)
Higher Non-Relapse Mortality with BuCyVP Compared to BuCy In Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Abstract Abstract 1340 We analyzed results of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from 1/2000 to 1/2009 in 520 adult patients, receiving either bone marrow or peripheral stem cells, in order to identify factors associated with non-relapse mortality (NRM). Median age at transplant was 47 years (range 18–70). Median follow up was 43 months (range 5–122 months). Two hundred eighty four (55%) patients were male. Diagnoses included: acute myeloid leukemia 210 (40%), acute lymphoblastic leukemia 68 (13%), myelodysplastic syndrome 66 (13%), non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma 64 (12%), chronic myelogenous leukemia 45 (9%), or other (13%). High scores (≤3) on hematopoietic cell transplant-specific comorbidity index were identified in 162 (31%) patients. For preparative regimens, 187 (36%) received BuCy (busulfan 1mg/kg oral given every 6 hours × 16 doses days -8 to -4, followed by cyclophosphamide 60mg/kg × 2 days -3 to -2), 91 (18%) received BuCyVP (busulfan 1mg/kg oral every 6 hours × 16 doses days -9 to -5, followed by etoposide 60mg/kg days -5 to -4, then cyclophosphamide 60mg/kg days -3 to -2), 225 (43%) received TBI-based therapy, and 17 (3%) received other therapy. Two hundred ninety five (57%) underwent related transplant. A majority (67%) received stem cells derived from bone marrow. In univariable analysis, male recipient (p=0.07), high comoborbidity score (p=0.004), more prior chemothepary regimens (p=0.037), BuCyVP (p Download : Download high-res image (135KB) Download : Download full-size image Factors associated with poor overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) on multivariate analysis included male recipient (p=0.001, p=0.003, respectively), older age at transplant (p=0.048 for RFS), high comorbidity score (p Long-term follow-up of a large cohort of patients indicates that compared to BuCy, BuCyVP is associated with significantly higher NRM and lower OS and RFS. Disclosures: Sweetenham: Pfizer: Research Funding.
Alkali promotion of alumina-supported ruthenium catalysts for hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone

Abstract Gamma-valerolactone is a biomass-derived chemical with high potential as a platform intermediate that can be readily synthesized by hydrogenation of levulinic acid, which is a common biomass intermediate, using supported ruthenium catalysts. In previous work we demonstrated that the addition of potassium to supported ruthenium catalysts dramatically enhanced the ruthenium activity for levulinic acid hydrogenation. In this work, a systematic study was carried out with alkali metal promoters Na + , K + , and Cs + , to study the origin of promotion and to determine the most active alkali metal and the optimal ratio of promoter to ruthenium. Series of catalysts were prepared by impregnating various amounts of alkali onto 2 wt% Ru/alumina. Catalysts were characterized by H 2 chemisorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, CO-Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, and Pyridine-Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy and then evaluated for levulinic acid hydrogenation. Strong promotional effects in the form of rate increases of up to one order of magnitude with no change in selectivity were observed for all alkali metals. With the same atomic ratio of dopant to ruthenium, the promotion follows the order: Na + + + . Alkali promoters enrich the electron density of the ruthenium surface in proportion to their polarizability, with the best promoter being Cs + , for which the rate per gram of catalyst increased by one order of magnitude with the addition of 3 wt% Cs. For each alkali metal, ruthenium electron density increased in proportion to the loading, but for the K + and Cs + series, the rate of reaction turned down at the highest loadings, suggesting that for these two more highly interacting promoters, ruthenium site blockage plays a stronger role in the rate than does electronic alteration of ruthenium.
Study of Z+jet correlations in PbPb and pp collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV

Abstract The production of Z+jet pairs is measured for the first time in pp and central PbPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center of mass energy of 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair, using data samples collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The Z+jet azimuthal angle difference and pT imbalance are analysed for events containing a Z boson with transverse momentum p T Z > 60 GeV / c and an associated jet with p T Jet > 30 GeV / c . A moderate shift in the p T Jet / p T Z ratio is seen in central PbPb collisions with respect to the ratio found using pp data.