cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High incidence of athletic pubalgia symptoms in professional athletes with symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence of symptoms consistent with athletic pubalgia (AP) in athletes requiring surgical treatment for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and the frequency of surgical treatment of both AP and FAI in this group of patients. Methods Thirty-eight consecutive professional athletes, with a mean age of 31 years, underwent arthroscopic surgery for symptomatic FAI that limited their ability to play competitively. In all cases a cam and/or focal rim osteoplasty with labral refixation or debridement was performed. In 1 case concomitant intramuscular lengthening of the psoas was performed. Retrospective data regarding prior AP surgery and return to play were collected. Results Thirty-two percent of patients had previously undergone AP surgery, and 1 patient underwent AP surgery concomitantly with surgical treatment of FAI. No patient returned to his previous level of competition after isolated AP surgery. Thirty-nine percent had AP symptoms that resolved with FAI surgery alone. Of the 38 patients, 36 returned to their previous level of play; all 12 patients with combined AP and FAI surgery returned to professional competition. The mean duration before return to play was 5.9 months (range, 3 to 9 months) after arthroscopic surgery. Conclusions There is a high incidence of symptoms of AP in professional athletes with FAI of the hip. This study draws attention to the overlap of these 2 diagnoses and highlights the importance of exercising caution in diagnosing AP in a patient with FAI. Level of Evidence Level IV, therapeutic, retrospective case series.
Exact interior reconstruction from truncated limited-angle projection data

Using filtered backprojection (FBP) and an analytic continuation approach, we prove that exact interior reconstruction is possible and unique from truncated limited-angle projection data, if we assume a prior knowledge on a subregion or subvolume within an object to be reconstructed. Our results show that (i) the interior region-of-interest (ROI) problem and interior volume-ofinterest (VOI) problem can be exactly reconstructed from a limited-angle scan of the ROI/VOI and a 180 degree PI-scan of the subregion or subvolume and (ii) the whole object function can be exactly reconstructed from nontruncated projections from a limited-angle scan. These results improve the classical theory of Hamaker et al. (1980).
African-American Economic Mobility in the 1940s: A Portrait from the Palmer Survey

I use retrospective work histories from a unique dataset to follow workers in six cities through occupational, industrial, and geographic moves, thereby characterizing aspects of black economic mobility during the 1940s that cannot be viewed through the Census data. Relatively few migrants were drawn directly from the southern agricultural sector. Black occupational upgrades were larger than white upgrades on average but black upgrades were smaller than those of observationally similar whites.
Mortality of workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls--an update.

A retrospective cohort mortality study of workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in two plants manufacturing electrical capacitors was reported in 1981. The study was conducted primarily to examine the risk of cancer mortality associated with exposure to PCBs. Based on animal data, liver cancer was the disease of most interest. Due to the small number of deaths and a relatively short observation period, the study was con­ sidered inconclusive. This study has been updated by adding 7 yr of observation. The number of deaths in the study cohort has increased from 163 to 295. Mortality from all causes was found to be lower than expected (295 observed vs. 318 expected deaths) as well as mortality from all cancers (62 observed vs. 80 expected deaths). A statistically significant excess in deaths was observed in the disease category that includes cancer of the liver (primary and unspecified), gall bladder, and biliary tract (5 observed vs. 1.9 expected; p < .05). Most of this excess was observed in women employed in one plant. Due to the small number of deaths and the variability of specific cause of death within this category, it re­ mains difficult to interpret these findings in regard to PCS exposure. IN 1981, the results from a retrospective cohort mor- per New York State (Plant 1) and Massachusetts (Plant
Finite element analysis of steady-state elasto-visco-plastic flow by the initial stress-rate method

A viscous approximation for steady creeping flow is extended to include the effect of elastic strains. Two examples are presented which illustrate both the method and the need for including elastic strains in the analysis of steady-state visco-plastic flows.
Elevated hypothalamic neuropeptide Y levels in rats with dorsomedial hindbrain lesions

Lesions centered on the area postrema (AP) and adjacent nucleus of the solitary tract (AP/mNTS-lesions) are reported to result in increased consumption of highly palatable diets. Recent studies suggest that neuropeptide Y (NPY) may cause a preference for carbohydrate-rich diets. Thus, it is possible that NPY may play a role in the enhanced intake of highly palatable diets by AP/mNTS-lesioned rats. In the studies reported here, we found that lesions centered on the AP result in increased levels of NPY-immunoreactivity in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Additionally, steady-state NPY mRNA in the basomedial hypothalamus including the arcuate nucleus was elevated. Enhanced NPY was not found throughout the hypothalamus however, as NPY-immunoreactivity was not elevated in the lateral hypothalamus or the tissue bordering the anteroventral third ventricle. These data suggest the possibility that elevated hypothalamic NPY, particularly in the arcuate and paraventricular nuclei, may contribute to the altered food intake and energy balance observed in rats with lesions centered on the AP.
Weighted Tent Spaces

We generalize the theory of tent spaces introduced in [9] and [10], to consider weighted norms related to some function parameters (see [11]). We study their atomic decomposition, from which we obtain a weighted inequality for a certain fractional maximal operator. We also find the dual spaces, and get a new class of CARLESON measures and we identify the intermediate spaces when using several methods of interpolation.
The Aura of Modernism

Marjorie Perloff's wide-ranging essay reflects on the fate of Modernism in the twentieth century. She focuses in particular on claims that it was either elitist and authoritarian, and thus politically reactionary, or was caught up in processes of capitalist commodification, and therefore unable to resist the very alienation it diagnosed. In the period that ran from the 1960s to the early 1990s Modernism was typically seen as a failed project, which was compromised by its complicity with the bourgeois institution of art and by the reification of its art-works, seen now as the dead exhibits of a once resonant cultural moment. But it has become apparent that those who trumpeted the death of Modernism were premature with their obituary notices. Perloff traces some of the major shifts in recent critical work, and her essay questions earlier claims about Modernism's reactionary politics, anti-populism, and rejection of the everyday. She also draws attention to the non-academic interest in Modernism that is rife...
Magnetocurrent of charge-polarizable C60-diphenylaminofluorene monoadduct-derived magnetic nanocomposites.

We demonstrated the strategy of a nanocomposite design by the incorporation of both a delocalized π-electrons system in a closely bound acceptor–donor analogue chromophore, based on charge-polarizable C60(>DPAF-C9) nanostructure 1, and spin-polarized d-electrons in the form of γ-FeOx nanoparticles. Facile intramolecular electron transfer from the DPAF-C9 donor moiety to the C60 acceptor cage of 1 upon activation to the excited state with a long lifetime of the charge-separated state forms a possible mechanism to integrate semiconducting and magnetic properties in a single system. We observed an appreciable magnetocurrent (MC) of C60(>DPAF-C9)-encapsulated magnetic γ-FeOx nanoparticles in PMMA matrix upon applying a magnetic field from 0 to 300 mT at either 77 K (12% MC) or 300 K (4.5% MC). Interestingly, the detailed analysis of magnetocurrent curve profiles taken at 77 K allowed us to conclude that the measured magnetocurrent may be attributed to the contributions from magnetic field-dependent excited-st...
Developmental and kinetic aspects of rat eye aldehyde dehydrogenase

Abstract 1. 1. The capacity of rat ocular preparation to metabolize acetaldehyde was studied as function of age and sex in the rat. 2. 2. Specific activity of NAD-dependent ocular aldehyde dehydrogenase increased as a function of age up to the fiftieth day of birth. This was evident in male and in female rats. 3. 3. The apparent Km in adult male rat was in the same order and magnitude of that of the neonates compared to a higher Vmax in the older animals.
NOD2 is a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor 2-mediated T helper type 1 responses.

The mechanism by which mutations in CARD15, which encodes nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2), cause Crohn disease is poorly understood. Because signaling via mutated NOD2 proteins leads to defective activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, one proposal is that mutations cause deficient NF-κB-dependent T helper type 1 (TH1) responses and increased susceptibility to infection. However, this idea is inconsistent with the increased TH1 responses characteristic of Crohn disease. Here we used Card15−/− mice to show that intact NOD2 signaling inhibited Toll-like receptor 2–driven activation of NF-κB, particularly of the NF-κB subunit c-Rel. Moreover, NOD2 deficiency or the presence of a Crohn disease–like Card15 mutation increased Toll-like receptor 2–mediated activation of NF-κB–c-Rel, and TH1 responses were enhanced. Thus, CARD15 mutations may lead to disease by causing excessive TH1 responses.
On the solid state products of the thermal decomposition of confined and unconfined triaminotrinitrobenzene

Abstract The solid state products formed by the thermal decomposition of triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) were examined using infrared spectroscopy and optical and scanning-electron microscopy (SEM). Several phases were observed in condensates and residues from unconfined decompositions. The residues from confined decompositions show that very little decomposition occurs until times near the time to explosion. A model for the unconfined decomposition is presented.
Charge transfer model for alkali halide electronic transition strengths

Abstract A simple one-electron charge transfer model due to Mulliken is applied to alkali halide molecules to estimate the relative amount of parallel and perpendicular character in the “bundles” of unresolved electronic transitions which lead to dissociation and produce a normal or an excited alkali atom. If the bonding in the ground state is “purely ionic” and that in the excited state is “purely atomic,” the model indicates that most of the intensity will appear in perpendicular transitions. If the ionic and atomic character are mixed equally, however, the parallel transitions pre-empt all of the intensity, just as with purely covalent bonding. Even a slight amount of mixing (∼5%) is sufficient to put comparable intensity into the parallel and perpendicular transitions, in agreement with the scanty experimental evidence available. Numerical calculations are presented for the LiF molecule.
Effect of Blowing Ratio in the Near-Stagnation Region of a Three-Row Leading Edge Film Cooling Geometry Using Large Eddy Simulations

Computational studies are carried out using Large Eddy Simulations (LES) to investigate the effect of coolant to mainstream blowing ratio in a leading edge region of a film cooled vane. The three row leading edge vane geometry is modeled as a symmetric semi-cylinder with a flat afterbody. One row of coolant holes is located along the stagnation line and the other two rows of coolant holes are located at ±21.3° from the stagnation line. The coolant is injected at 45° to the vane surface with 90° compound angle injection. The coolant to mainstream density ratio is set to unity and the freestream Reynolds number based on leading edge diameter is 32000. Blowing ratios (B.R.) of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 are investigated. It is found that the stagnation cooling jets penetrate much further into the mainstream, both in the normal and lateral directions, than the off-stagnation jets for all blowing ratios. Jet dilution is characterized by turbulent diffusion and entrainment. The strength of both mechanisms increases with blowing ratio. The adiabatic effectiveness in the stagnation region initially increases with blowing ratio but then generally decreases as the blowing ratio increases further. Immediately downstream of off-stagnation injection, the adiabatic effectiveness is highest at B.R. = 0.5. However, further downstream the larger mass of coolant injected at higher blowing ratios, in spite of the larger jet penetration and dilution, increases the effectiveness with blowing ratio.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Rotational Spectrum of Hydrogen Fluoride: Frequencies and Linewidths*

The individual lines of the rotational spectrum of gaseous hydrogen fluoride were studied in absorption. The frequencies of 17 lines were measured and the ground-state rotational constants calculated. Measurements of transmittance as a function of frequency provided data which were analyzed using a modification of the method of equivalent widths to provide linewidths of 14 rotational lines. These are compared with linewidths evaluated from a resonant-dipole billiard-ball model.
Intragenomic movement, sequence amplification and concerted evolution in satellite DNA in harvest mice, Reithrodontomys: evidence from in situ hybridization

Three DNA probes isolated from three species ofReithrodontomys (R. montanus, R. megalotis, R. fulvescens) were used to examine within and among species variation in the chromosomal location of satellite DNA and constitutive heterochromatin. These probes hybridized to the centromeric regions on all chromosomes in six species of the subgenusReithrodontomys. Additionally, nearly all extra-centromeric C-band positive regions (with the exception of some heterochromatic material on the X and Y) hybridized to these probes. Within the subgenusReithrodontomys both the chromosomal distribution and organization of satellite DNA has changed throughout evolution. The evolutionary transition has been from a totally centromeric position inR. fulvescens to centromeric and non-centromeric regions in other species that have undergone extensive chromosomal rearrangements from the primitive karyotype for peromyscine rodents. In addition, the monomer repeat of the satellite sequence differs betweenR. fulvescens (monomer defined by PstI) and the remaining species in the subgenusReithrodontomys (monomer defined by EcoRI). These results suggest at least two amplification events for this satellite DNA sequence. Models and mechanisms concerned with the homogenization and spread of satellite sequences in complex genomes are evaluated in light of theReithrodontomys data. From a phlyogenetic standpoint, the satellite sequences composing heterochromatic regions were restricted to the subgenusReithrodontomys, which supports morphological differences used to recognize two subgenera,Reithrodontomys andAporodon. Probes failed to hybridize to any part of the karyotype ofR. mexicanus (subgenusAporodon) or to seven species from other closely related genera (Baiomys, Neotoma, Nyctomys, Ochrotomys, Onychomys, Peromyscus, Xenomys), some of which are considered as potential sister taxa forReithrodontomys.
Infrared spectra of silyl methyl ether and deuterated derivatives

Abstract Infrared spectra of silyl methyl ether in three isotopic forms, SiH3OCH3, SiD3OCH3 and SiD3OCD3, are reported for the gas and solid phases over the frequency interval from 4000-280 cm−1. Vibrational assignments, largely of a qualitative nature, are given. Several features in the spectra indicate a decidedly bent skeleton but it was not possible to deduce a quantitative measure of the SiOC angle.
Comparative analysis of casein synthesis during mammary cell differentiation in collagen and mammary gland development in vivo

Abstract Substrata upon which epithelial cells are cultured modulate their morphology, growth, and ability to differentiate. Mouse mammary epithelial cells cannot be induced to synthesize caseins, a marker of cell differentiation, when grown on a plastic surface. An analysis was made of the effect of time within a collagen matrix on the ability of normal mammary epithelial cells to be induced to synthesize caseins and that response was compared to mammary gland development in vivo . Primary cultures of mammary cells from unprimed virgin BALB c mice were embedded in rat-tail collagen gel mixtures and maintained in growth medium. Induction medium containing lactogenic hormones was added at various times. The cells were monitored every 3–7 days over a period of 8 weeks for cell growth, casein synthesis, and ability to grow in vivo in cleared mammary fat pads. Casein accumulation was assayed quantitatively by an ELISA competition assay and qualitatively by the immunoblot procedure using specific antisera prepared against purified mouse caseins. No marked differences in cell numbers and transplantability potential were observed among cells cultured for various times in collagen. Mammary cells grown in collagen for up to 8 weeks retained the capacity to grow in vivo as normal ductal outgrowths. The duration of culture within collagen prior to hormonal stimulation did influence the kinetics of casein synthesis. Cells cultured for 1 week in growth medium did not accumulate detectable levels of casein until after 3 weeks of induction, whereas cells cultured for 2 or 4 weeks responded by accumulating caseins after 2 weeks and 3 days of induction, respectively. While the levels of total caseins that accumulated under optimal conditions of induction in culture approached levels found during lactation in vivo , the relative proportion of specific casein polypeptides synthesized in culture was altered from α casein (43K) in favor of the β casein (30K) species. These results suggest that a period of culture within collagen is required to permit mammary epithelial cells to become responsive for hormone-induced differentiation. It is possible that during growth within the collagen the cells synthesize and deposit extracellular matrix components important in modulating gene expression.
On the nonconversion of alkyl acyl choline phosphatides to the corresponding plasmalogens in myelinating rat brain.

Abstract 1. 1. Choline phosphatides isolated from the brains of 18-day-old rats were found to contain about 2 % of alkyl acyl phosphatides having mainly 16: 0, 18: 0 and 18: 1 alkyl moieties; alk-1-enyl acyl choline phosphatides could not be detected. 2. 2. [1− 14 C]Hexadecanol was administered intracerebrally to 18-day-old rats and its incorporation into ethanolamine phosphatides and choline phosphatides was determined after 4 and 20 h. The ethanolamine phosphatides showed major amounts of radioactivity in their constituent alkyi, alk-1-enyl and acyl moieties, whereas the choline phosphatides did not form labeled alk-1-enyl moieties in perceptible amounts, although their alkyl moieties were produced at a rate similar to that observed for the ethanolamine phosphatides. 3. 3. When [1- 14 C]octadecenol, [1- 14 C]octadecadienol, and [1- 14 C]octadecatrienol were administered intracerebrally significant amounts of radioactivity were found in the corresponding mono, di- and triunsaturated alkyl, but not alk-1-enyl moieties of the choline phosphatides.
Lectureroom demonstration of serial data communications

Some important concepts in serial data communications may be demonstrated “live” in the lectureroom using a PC equipped with videoprojector, analog input board, and pickup circuitry. The apparatus displays the wave-shape of the serial signal, along with characters sent or received. It has proven useful for “seeing” the signal and for exploring hardware/software setttings, cable type, cable length and other characteristics of a serial interface./
Co‐sleeping during infancy and early childhood: key findings and future directions

Emergent themes from this special issue on parent–child co-sleeping are featured in this concluding article. Each of the pieces in this collection addressed one or more of the following themes: methodologies for studying parent–infant co-sleeping, physical and social characteristics of the child's sleep environment, associations between sleep location and breastfeeding, infant and child maturational issues, parental attitudes and values about sleep arrangements, special needs populations, maternal employment, sleep problems, sleep transitions, and future directions for research and policy. Together, the contributions define a context for weighing the benefits and disadvantages of family sleep arrangements during infancy and early childhood. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental investigation of quantum point contacts separated by open and enclosed regions

Abstract We report low field magnetoresistance measurements of two QPC systems. For a staggered pair of QPCs were separate the ballistic and non-ballistic contributions to the magneto-resistance and report new trends. For a quantum dot we investigate magnetic focusing and demonstrate its use as a probe of the carrier density within the dot.
Effects of Critical Thinking Intervention for Early Childhood Teacher Candidates

This study is based on an intervention designed to enhance early childhood teacher candidates' critical thinking abilities. The concept, elements, standards, and traits of critical thinking were integrated into the main course contents, and the effects of the intervention were examined. The results indicated that early childhood teacher candidates' dispositions toward critical thinking significantly increased after the intervention. In addition, their knowledge about critical thinking and ability to apply critical thinking in their own learning showed growth as well. Curricula implications for early childhood teacher preparation programs and instructional practices for teacher educators are discussed.
Superconductivity in the high-pressure dhcp phase of Pb-Bi

The superconducting properties of a recently identified high-pressure dhcp phase of Pb-Bi have been studied. There is a small abrupt drop in the superconducting transition temperature from 8.43 to 7.96 K as the samples transform from the mixed α-β phase to the dhcp phase. Both the mixed α-β phase and the dhcp phase show a surprisingly small negative slope for the volume dependence of the superconducting transition temperature corresponding tod(lnT c )/d(lnV)=0.39.
Understanding late life anxiety and cognitive processes – We are rapidly gaining momentum: Introduction to the special issue

Abstract The older adult population is growing at an accelerated pace, thus mental health professionals must become familiar with problems of aging. This special issue of Journal of Anxiety Disorders is the first to address the independent, interactive, and mutual effects of anxiety and cognitive processes in older adults. Although there are relatively longstanding traditions of study on cognitive aging and the effects of anxiety and cognition in younger adults, our understanding of anxiety and cognitive processes in the elderly lags far behind. The articles in this issue represent one of the first collective efforts to close this gap, addressing topics such as cognitive functioning in clinical and analog groups of anxious older adults, the relation of cognitive functions to indices of treatment outcome, and longitudinal models of increased anxiety in later life.
SOME FURTHER IDEAS ON A METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING JOB SIMILARITIES/ DIFFERENCES

This paper considers the general problem of analyzing data for job similarities/differences. Cluster analysis and univariate analysis of variance, which are recent suggestions for attacking this problem, are briefly reviewed. The suggestion made in this paper is to use multivariate analysis of variance, accompanied by a multivariate extension of the well known proportion of variance index, ω2. Discriminant analysis and related techniques are suggested to provide information regarding specific hypotheses. The potential users are provided with the references to well known computer packages that allow all the analyses to be performed easily, rapidly, and accurately on their own data. Appropriate interpretations of each result are also indicated, and illustrated with an example.
Exploring the Determinants of Probationers' Perceptions of their Supervising Officers

Despite the widespread use of probation in the United States, little is known about how offenders perceive this sentence or the officers who provide their supervision. The present research measures and evaluates perceptions of the probation process, specifically probationers' perception of their probationer officer, and examines characteristics associated with these perceptions. The sample consisted of 347 probationers drawn from a large urban county office. A self-administered survey was utilized to reveal probationers' views of their probation officer. Overall, the probationers expressed positive feelings regarding their probation officers. They were fairly satisfied, and a majority of probationers felt officers were fair, competent, helpful, and clear. Perceptions were more positive among clients who were supervised by an officer of their own race.
Measurement properties of dibels oral reading fluency in grade 2: Implications for equating studies

Lack of psychometric equivalence of oral reading fluency (ORF) passages used within a grade for screening and progress monitoring has recently become an issue with calls for the use of equating met...
Effective nucleon mass and the nuclear caloric curve

Assuming a schematic form of the nucleon effective mass as a function of nuclear excitation energy and mass, we provide a simple explanation for understanding the experimentally observed mass dependence of the nuclear caloric curve. It is observed that the excitation energy at which the caloric curve enters into a plateau region could be sensitive to the nuclear mass evolution of the effective nucleon mass.
Polyamine metabolism during the perinatal development of the rabbit right and left ventricle

Polyamine Metabolism during the Perinatal Development of the Rabbit Right and Left Ventricle
Evidence That Actin Depolymerization Protects Hippocampal Neurons against Excitotoxicity by Stabilizing [Ca2+]i

Calcium influx through glutamate receptors and voltage-dependent channels mediates an array of functional and structural responses in neurons. However, unrestrained Ca2+ influx can injure and kill neurons; a mechanism implicated in both acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Data reported here indicate that depolymerization of actin filaments can stabilize intracellular free calcium levels ([Ca2+]i) and protect hippocampal neurons against excitotoxic injury. Studies with fluorescein-labeled phalloidin showed that cytochalasin D and glutamate each induced actin filament depolymerization. The microfilament-disrupting agent cytochalasin D protected cultured rat hippocampal neurons against glutamate toxicity, whereas the actin filament-stabilizing agent jasplakinolide potentiated glutamate toxicity. The microtubule-disrupting agent colchicine was ineffective in protecting neurons against glutamate toxicity. Cytochalasin D did not protect neurons against calcium ionophore toxicity or iron toxicity, indicating that its actions were not due to nonspecific effects on Ca2+ or free radical metabolism. Cytochalasin D markedly attenuated kainate-induced damage to hippocampus of adult rats, suggesting an excitoprotective role for actin depolymerization in vivo. Elevations of [Ca2+]i induced by glutamate were attenuated in cultured hippocampal neurons pretreated with cytochalasin D and potentiated in neurons pretreated with jasplakinolide. The [Ca2+]i response to a Ca2+ ionophore was unaffected by cytochalasin D, suggesting that actin depolymerization reduced Ca2+ influx through membrane channels. Taken together with previous patch clamp data, our findings suggest that depolymerization of actin in response to Ca2+ influx may serve as a feedback mechanism to attenuate potentially toxic levels of Ca2+ influx.
Investigations on a virtual airflow meter using projected motor and fan efficiencies

Airflow measurements are not as accurate as needed in air-handling units due to space and cost limitations of physical meters. Generally, the airflow in an air-handling unit is propelled by a fan driven by a motor and, hence, the airflow rate is related to fan-motor system performance, which can be affected by other measurable variables, such as fan head and motor power. Theoretically, a virtual airflow meter can be developed to virtually obtain the airflow rate from measured fan head and motor power along with projected motor and fan efficiency models. Because variable frequency drives have been widely installed in HVAC systems, a comprehensive motor efficiency model is needed to project motor efficiency under variable frequency and voltage. At the same time, an in situ fan efficiency curve needs to be projected through a calibration process corresponding to actual fan head measurement. This article explores a theoretical model of virtual airflow meters in order to identify the relationship of fan airflo...
Clustering with perceptual and symbolic stimuli in free recall

Two groups of undergraduates were compared in their free recall of perceptual (object) and symbolic (word) stimuli. It was found that the absolute number of perceptual stimuli recalled was significantly greater than the absolute number of symbolic stimuli recalled. By statistically controlling for the absolute amount of recall it was demonstrated that the perceptual stimuli also showed a significantly greater tendency to cluster than the symbolic stimuli.
Nonlinear filters with log-homotopy

We derive and test a new nonlinear filter that implements Bayes' rule using an ODE rather than with a pointwise multiplication of two functions. This avoids one of the fundamental and well known problems in particle filters, namely "particle collapse" as a result of Bayes' rule. We use a log-homotopy to construct this ODE. Our new algorithm is vastly superior to the classic particle filter, and we do not use any proposal density supplied by an EKF or UKF or other outside source. This paper was written for normal engineers, who do not have homotopy for breakfast.
Computing the bump number with techniques from two-processor scheduling

Let (X, <) be a partially ordered set. A linear extension x1, x2, ... has a bump whenever xi<xi+1, and it has a jump whenever xiand xi+1are incomparable. The problem of finding a linear erxtension that minimizes the number of jumps has been studied extensively; Pulleyblank shows that it is NP-complete in the general case. Fishburn and Gehrlein raise the question of finding a linear extension that minimizes the number of bumps. We show that the bump number problem is closely related to the well-studied problem of scheduling unit-time tasks with a precedence partial order on two identical processors. We point out that a variant of Gabow's linear-time algorithm for the two-processor scheduling problem solves the bump number problem. Habib, Mohring, and Steiner have independently discovered a different polynomial-time algorithm to solve the bump number problem.
Volume composition and evaluation using eye-tracking data

This article presents a method for automating rendering parameter selection to simplify tedious user interaction and improve the usability of visualization systems. Our approach acquires the important/interesting regions of a dataset through simple user interaction with an eye tracker. Based on this importance information, we automatically compute reasonable rendering parameters using a set of heuristic rules, which are adapted from visualization experience and psychophysical experiments. A user study has been conducted to evaluate these rendering parameters, and while the parameter selections for a specific visualization result are subjective, our approach provides good preliminary results for general users while allowing additional control adjustment. Furthermore, our system improves the interactivity of a visualization system by significantly reducing the required amount of parameter selections and providing good initial rendering parameters for newly acquired datasets of similar types.
L2 dialect acquisition of German vowels: The case of Northern German and Austrian dialects

This study examines how the dialect of a second language (L2) affects how accurately the L2 is perceived and produced. Specifically, we examined differences between the production and perception of German vowels /i:/, /y:/, and /u:/ by learners of either Austrian German (AG) or Northern German (NG). Vowels across these dialects differ due to how salient the /i:/–/y:/–/u:/ contrast is marked: there is (more) derounding of /y:/ in AG than in NG. This derounding in AG leads to the loss of an acoustic cue marking /i:/–/y:/, but a potentially enhanced acoustic cue for the /y:/–/u:/ contrast. As a result of these differences, both dialects have opposing cues by which to contrast /i:/, /u:/ and /y:/. Results indicate that AG learners are at times more accurate than NG learners in their perception and production of these German vowels. These results may have occurred because AG learners had a greater exposure to many dialects, and a greater desire to speak (high) German accurately than did the NG learners.
An Analytical Approach to Performance Analysis of an Asynchronous Web Server

Concurrency can be implemented in a Web server using synchronous or asynchronous mechanisms provided by the underlying operating system. Compared to the synchronous mechanisms, asynchronous mechanisms are attractive because they provide the benefit of concurrency while alleviating much of the overhead and compleXity of multi-threading. The Proactor pattern in middleware, which encapsulates the asynchronous mechanisms provided by the operating system, can be used to implement a high performance Web server. The performance eXpectations imposed on a Web server make it necessary to analyze its performance prior to deployment. While the performance of a server can be measured after implementation, design-time performance analysis, conducted early in the life cycle, can enable informed configuration and provisioning choices. A model-based approach can be used for such design-time performance analysis. In this paper we present a performance model of the architecture of an asynchronous Web server which uses the Proactor pattern. We discuss the implementation of the performance model using the Stochastic Reward Net (SRN) modeling paradigm. A model decomposition strategy along with its SRN implementation to facilitate the application of the model to practical Web servers is then described. We demonstrate the use of the model to guide key provisioning and configuration decisions with several eXamples.
Breast reconstruction using perforator flaps.

Background Perforator flaps allow the transfer of the patient's own skin and fat in a reliable manner with minimal donor-site morbidity. The deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEP) and superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flaps transfer the same tissue from the abdomen to the chest for breast reconstruction as the TRAM flap without sacrificing the rectus muscle or fascia. Gluteal artery perforator (GAP) flaps allow transfer of tissue from the buttock, also with minimal donor-site morbidity. Indications Most women requiring tissue transfer to the chest for breast reconstruction or other reasons are candidates for perforator flaps. Absolute contraindications to perforator flap breast reconstruction include history of previous liposuction of the donor site or active smoking (within 1 month prior to surgery). Anatomy and Technique The DIEP flap is supplied by intramuscular perforators from the deep inferior epigastric artery and vein. The SIEA flap is based on the SIEA and vein, which arise from the common femoral artery and saphenous bulb. GAP flaps are based on perforators from either the superior or inferior gluteal artery. During flap harvest, these perforators are meticulously dissected free from the surrounding muscle which is spread in the direction of the muscle fibers and preserved intact. The pedicle is anastomosed to recipient vessels in the chest and the donor site is closed without the use of mesh or other materials. Conclusions Perforator flaps allow the safe and reliable transfer of abdominal tissue for breast reconstruction. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;94:441–454. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Mechanisms for BSA fouling during microfiltration

Although protein fouling is one of the critical factors governing the effectiveness of many microfiltration processes, the underlying chemical and physical mechanisms that influence the initiation and growth of the fouling layer have not yet been clearly established. We have obtained data for the flux decline during the stirred cell microfiltration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) preparations with different physical and/or chemical characteristics through isotropic polyvinylidene fluoride microfiltration membranes. The initial fouling in this system was caused by the convective deposition of protein aggregates onto the membrane surface. Native (non-aggregated) BSA only fouled the membrane by chemical attachment to an existing protein deposit via the formation of intermolecular disulfide linkages. A mathematical model was developed to describe this dual-mode fouling process, with the model calculations being in very good agreement with the experimental data. These results provide important new insights into the physical and chemical interactions governing protein fouling during microfiltration.
A latent class analysis of stigmatizing attitudes and knowledge of HIV risk among youth in South Africa.

BACKGROUND: The current study aims to investigate how the ability to accurately gauge risk factors associated with contracting HIV while taking into consideration various individual and community level socio-demographic characteristics (e.g. race and poverty) predicts the nature of stigmatizing attitudes toward persons with HIV. METHODS: Data from a sample of 1347 Cape Town area youth who participated in the Cape Area Panel Study (CAPS) Wave 2a were used. Latent Class Analysis was conducted to ascertain whether response patterns regarding knowledge of HIV contraction suggest the presence of subgroups within the sample. RESULTS: Findings indicate that there are four latent classes representing unique response pattern profiles regarding knowledge of HIV contraction. Additionally our results suggest that those in South Africa who are classified as "white" live in more affluent communities and have more phobic perceptions of HIV risk are also more likely to have the most stigmatizing attitudes toward those who are HIV positive. CONCLUSION: Implications of these findings include extending HIV knowledge education and awareness programs to those who are not traditionally targeted in an attempt to increase levels of knowledge about HIV and consequently decrease stigma.
Sugar receptor specificity in the fleshfly, Sarcophaga bullata.

Various carbohydrates were tested for stimulating activity of the sweet receptor ofSarcophaga bullata. Efficacy appears to be highest ind-pyranosides having equatorial substituents at C-2, C-3, C-4 and C-5, with the exception of the C-1 position where equatorial substituents detract. Similarly,myo-inositol, having 5 equatorial and 1 axial hydroxyl, is the most stimulatory of the cyclitols tested. The anomalous action of several compounds remains unexplained.l-Glucose is stimulatory, while its α- and β-pyranosides are not. Similarly, free fructose, an extremely potent sugar, is completely inactive as its α- or β-furanoside or its α- or β-pyranoside. This finding is discussed in relation to the stimulatory action of sucrose.
How does cross-linking affect the thermal stability of polyisoprene?

Polyisoprene can be cross-linked by an initial lithiation followed by reaction with both monochloro compounds and dichloro compounds. The monochloro compounds effect crosslinking through a lithium-chlorine exchange route while the use of dichloro compounds links the PIP chains with the spacer between the two chlorine atoms. A significant amount of char is produced from compounds which have been cross-linked with aromatic dihalides while aliphatic dihalides do not produce significant char.
Adsorption of water and methanol by organic complexes of montmorillonites

Abstract By means of adsorption isotherms of water and methanol, the orientation of the organic groups on the interlaminar surfaces of amine complexes of montmorillonite has been examined. Both adsorbates penetrate the interlaminar spaces and are apparently adsorbed on those portions of the clay not covered by organic groups. Solvent extraction of physically adsorbed amine, that is, in excess of the stoichiometric amount required by the cation exchange capacity, opens up more space on the clay surface for water adsorption. Heats of adsorption are slightly exothermic for water vapor, but slightly endothermic for methanol vapor.
Compliance of vascular anastomoses with polybutester and polypropylene sutures

Abstract Purpose: Polybutester suture is more easily stretched than other vascular sutures and may produce more compliant anastomoses. The effects of using polybutester and polypropylene sutures were compared acutely in arterial autografts and in chronic implants of cephalic vein grafts into the femoral arteries of dogs. Methods: Paraanastomotic profiles of diameter and compliance were measured with echo-tracked ultrasonography, and profiles of intimal thickening were generated from histologic sections of the vessels harvested after 3 months. Results: Polybutester produced more compliant anastomoses, compared with polypropylene, in arterial autografts (in vitro: 5.9% ± 2.0% vs 3.3% ± 0.6% diameter change/100 mm Hg, p p Conclusions: Both sutures produced similar compliance and thickness profiles. Polybutester initially produces a more compliant anastomosis when both artery and graft are compliant, reducing anastomotic compliance mismatch. However, this benefit may not apply when the anastomosis includes a vessel of low compliance. (J VASC SURG 1993;18:827-34.)
Effect of zinc doping on pentaerythritol tetranitrate single crystals

Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech Unviversity, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA Received 3 March 2010, revised 6 April 2010, accepted 7 April 2010 Published online 23 April 2010 Key words PETN, 2-D nucleation, layer-by-layer growth. In this study, the effect of zinc impurity on the organic high explosive pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) single crystal has been investigated with optical microscopy and ex situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). The optical images show that the crystal shape has a transition with a predictable trend from long crystal to compact one as the zinc concentration is increased. Also, the 2-dimentional (2-D) growth hillocks are observed clearly on (110) face with contact AFM. The crystal growth occurs on monomolecular steps generated by 2-D nucleation and followed by layer-by-layer expansion, and the macro-steps formed onto the surface before spreading laterally as step bunches. The zinc ions are incorporated in growth steps as the zinc concentration is increased. The mechanism of inorganic impurity on molecular crystallization growth is still unclear. However, the incorporation of impurities may significantly affect growth kinetics of defect structure, and the bulk properties of molecular crystals.
What Emergency Management Officials Should Know To Enhance Mitigation and Effective Disaster Response

A review of the relevant literature is combined with case study examples which outline the problems often encountered by emergency managers engaged in mitigation and response activities. Special attention is given to the impact of the media and behavioural response expectations. Practical suggestions are outlined which are designed to enhance mitigation and effective disaster response.
HLA and genetic predisposition to lupus erythematosus and other dermatologic disorders.

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) associations with different clinical and serologic subsets of lupus erythematosus are providing important clues to genetic predisposition and pathogenesis. The evolving complexity of the HLA-D region is described, and currently recognized HLA-region associations with systemic lupus erythematosus, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, homozygous C2-deficient lupus, Sjogren's syndrome, and the neonatal lupus syndrome are reviewed. The striking relationship between the Ro/SSA-La/SSB antibody responses and HLA-DR2 and DR3 are emphasized. Other dermatologic conditions associated with HLA are also noted.
Viscoelasticity of 2D dusty plasmas

In glow discharge plasmas, a suspension of dust particles can self-organize in a lattice structure, forming so called dusty plasma. The lattice structure is either solid or liquid-like, determined by plasma conditions.
Self Adaptive Application Level Fault Tolerance for Parallel and Distributed Computing

Most application level fault tolerance schemes in literature are non-adaptive in the sense that the fault tolerance schemes incorporated in applications are usually designed without incorporating information from system environments such as the amount of available memory and the local or network I/O bandwidth. However, from an application point of view, it is often desirable for fault tolerant high performance applications to be able to achieve high performance under whatever system environment it executes with as low fault tolerance overhead as possible In this paper, we demonstrate that, in order to achieve high reliability with as low performance penalty as possible, fault tolerant schemes in applications need to be able to adapt themselves to different system environments. We propose a framework under which different fault tolerant schemes can be incorporated in applications using an adaptive method. Under this framework, applications are able to choose near optimal fault tolerance schemes at run time according to the specific characteristics of the platform on which the application is executing.