cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Boulton Field, Block 44/21a, UK North Sea

Abstract The Boulton Field was discovered in 1984 when gas was tested from the Lower Ketch Unit, Carboniferous Westphalian C/D, in well 44/21-2. Following appraisal drilling in 1990, the Boulton 9B9 structure was delineated and a trap confirmed by a combination of up-dip seal against basal Permian shales, and salts and lateral seal against sealing faults and impermeable Westphalian C sediments. A second structure was drilled in the same year, Boulton 9F9, with gas discovered in the deeper Murdoch Sand Interval of the Westphalian C/D. The two separate structures collectively form the Boulton Field. Current deliverability from the 9B9 structure, Lower Ketch Sands is approximately 100 MMSCFD from a single producer. Developed with a minimal platform facility, the gas is delivered to Theddlethorpe Gas Terminal via offshore compression at the nearby Murdoch Field. The reservoir in Boulton 9B9 comprises a series of channel sands deposited in a braided stream complex flowing predominantly from north to south across an Upper Carboniferous alluvial plain. Sandbody connectivity within the complex fluvial architecture of the Westphalian C is a key control on gas production.
Sophisticated Surgical Solutions for Complex Wound Problems

This article is a discussion and presentation for plastic surgeons, in which each section is dedicated to a principle necessary for complex wound reconstruction. Each principle is discussed and includes detailed images of the associated operations.
HDAC5 is a novel injury-regulated tubulin deacetylase controlling axon regeneration

Axon regeneration is an essential process to rebuild functional connections between injured neurons and their targets. Regenerative axonal growth requires alterations in axonal microtubule dynamics, but the signalling mechanisms involved remain incompletely understood. Our results reveal that axon injury induces a gradient of tubulin deacetylation, which is required for axon regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. This injury-induced tubulin deacetylation is specific to peripheral neurons and fails to occur in central neurons. We found that tubulin deacetylation is initiated by calcium influx at the site of injury, and requires protein kinase C-mediated activation of the histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5). Our findings identify HDAC5 as a novel injury-regulated tubulin deacetylase that plays an essential role in growth cone dynamics and axon regeneration. In addition, our results suggest a mechanism for the spatial control of tubulin modifications that is required for axon regeneration.
Melting of a DNA Hairpin without Hyperchromism

UV absorbance spectroscopy is the most common method for detecting nucleic acid structural transitions and obtaining thermodynamic parameters. UV-detected melting has been used to determine stabilities of nucleic acid hairpins, duplexes, triplexes, and higher order structures and to determine thermodynamic effects of unusual or modified bases and mismatched base-pairs. We report that in some cases UV absorbance spectroscopy is an inadequate analytical technique for these purposes. Some critical transitions are invisible to UV absorbance spectroscopy. For example, the conversion of dodecamer d(CGCAAATTCGCG) from hairpin to random coil is not accompanied by hyperchromism. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy (263 nm) clearly detects two transitions for this dodecamer, each giving a pronounced change in ellipiticity. The concentration dependence of the low-temperature transition and the concentration independence of the high-temperature transition indicate that the predominant state converts from duplex to hairpin to random coil as the temperature increases. These assignments are confirmed by comparison to oligonucleotides of similar sequence that undergo a hairpin to coil transition only. In contrast to CD spectroscopy, UV absorbance spectroscopy shows only a single transition. The transition detected by UV absorbance spectroscopy corresponds to the low-temperature transition detected by CD. UV absorbance spectroscopy does not detect the second transition at any wavelength (from 218 to 310 nm) (by changes) in either absorbance or its derivative with temperature.
Can convergence regressions distinguish between exogenous and endogenous growth models

In cross-section regressions of future growth rates on initial income levels, a negative coefficient is often interpreted as evidence consistent with exogenous growth. We use a simple growth model to show that higher initial income can imply higher future growth in an exogenous growth case, and lower future growth in an endogenous growth case. We show that the two types of models can be distinguished by the sign of the coefficient on initial capital in a regression of growth rates on both initial income and initial capital.
Prediction of decelerator behavior using computational fluid dynamics

The paper presents a report of work in progress on the use of computational fluid dynamics to predict aerodynamic decelerator behavior. Some results for flow about stationary nonporous decelerator shapes including a flat circular disk, hemispherical shell, and a fully opened flat circular canopy are given. A procedure for coupling the motion of a free falling decelerator to the fluid dynamics algorithm is described and some preliminary results relative to the convergence of the procedure are given.
Optimum Grid By Direct Optimization Methods

Asolution-adaptivegridprocedurebasedonoptimizationisdevelopedandappliedtotheLinearized Viscous Burger’s governing equation. The scheme redistributes the grid points as the solution adapts through each successive iteration step to minimize the truncation error terms in the modified equation and satisfy the governing equation. Fist order Roe scheme is used to discretize the governing equation. If the truncation error terms become negligible and the governing equation is satisfied by the scheme then the numerical solution approaches the exact solution.
Genetic Basis of Congenital Heart Disease

The heart is the first organ to function during mammalian development. Cardiac morphogenesis is a carefully orchestrated process that involves numerous transcription factors and signaling pathways. Our understanding of the genetic factors important for cardiac development has progressed significantly during the past 2 decades, and it is possible to identify a genetic cause for an increasing number of patients with syndromic and nonsyndromic congenital heart disease. This review discusses the genes important in heart development and current techniques for evaluating possible genetic causes in neonatal intensive care unit patients.
Efficacy of different methods for killing cockroach on different type passenger train

Objective To study the efficacy of different method for killing cockroach on the different type passenger train and to find out efficient,reasonable,scientific,economic method for killing cockroach. Methods Using A,B,C,D four kinds of method for killing cockroach to each xingshisu,25K,25G,22 type,using chemical insecticides to investigate the density of cockroaches and counting the killing rates. Results The average killing rates of xingshisu was 72.9%,the B was 96.3%,the C was 100%,the D was 100%,that was say the efficacy of killing cockroach were D=CBA;the average killing rates of 25K was 82.2%,the B was 86.7%,the C was 88.3%,the D was 93.3%,that was say the efficacy of killing cockroach were DCBA;the average killing rates of 25G was 72.9%,the B was 80.9%,the C was 89.3%,the D was 93.9%,that was say the efficacy of killing cockroach were DCBA;the average killing rates of 22 type was 46.7%,the B was 71.4%,the C was 58.3%,the D was 78.8%,that was say the efficacy of killing cockroach were DBCA. Conclusion Whichever kind of passenger train,the project of D was the best method,the project of A was the badest method to other projects,but considering from reasonable,scientific,economic,the project of C was better than D to the xingshisu,the 25K type and 25G type using the project of D was the best,the next was C and B,for 22 type the project of D was the best,but the project of B was better than C.
Progress in Research on Ultra High Strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy

The process of the research and application of ultra high strength aluminum alloys are reviewed in this paper.The effects of the main hardening elements(as Zn,Mg,Cu)and the trace elements(Zr、Sc、Li、Ag、Be and Re)addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties are introduced.The technology of preparing and heat treatment of ultra high strength alloy and their new progress are introduced.The relations between its microstructures and properties as well as key mechanism of strengthening aluminum alloy are discussed.In the end,basing on the ex- isting problems of the present study,some suggestions for the futural exploration and research of ultra high strength aluminum alloys are put forward.
Cracks in the Foundations: Understanding the Great Rule of Law Debate in the European Union

The article offers a succinct conceptual and analytical framework for approaching the ‘great rule of law debate’ currently unfolding in the EU (European Union) and the contending positions of the various EU institutions embroiled in it. It addresses the challenge of conceptualization imbued in the notion of the rule of law, and critically examines the definition of the concept provided by the EC (European Commission). It then demonstrates that over the course of modern European integration, the rule of law emerged as a central dimension in four distinct core areas of EC/EU identity and activity. Should the contemporary crisis of foundational values persist or deepen, each of the four is expected to be adversely affected. Finally, the article explores the emerging ‘rule of law turn’ in the EU.
Spastic hemiplegia of the upper extremity in children

Care of upper extremity problems in hemiplegic children requires careful evaluation and planning. This article focuses on the evaluation and treatment of spastic hemiplegia attributable to cerebral palsy. All treatments must take into consideration the level of static and dynamic motor deformity; levels of discriminatory sensibility, intelligence, and motivation; and overall level of function. The treatments discussed are designed to improve the child's musculoskeletal condition but do not cure the underlying disease.
A Note on the Histology of Cement Lines

The so-called ‘cement line’ that demarcates the edge of osteones is a well-documented locus minoris resistentiae in cortical bone (Dempster and Coleman, 1961; Piekarski, 1970). Unlike certain other histological features of bones and joints, it has not received rigorous anatomical scrutiny. It seems worthwhile to call attention to the structure of the cement line in view of the mechanical importance attributed to it in promoting or arresting crack propagation.
TextTile : An Interactive Visualization Tool for Seamless Exploratory Analysis of Structured Data and Unstructured Text

We describe TextTile , a data visualization tool for investigation of datasets and questions that require seamless and flexible analysis of structured data and unstructured text. TextTile is based on real-world data analysis problems gathered through our interaction with a number of domain experts and provides a general purpose solution to such problems. The system integrates a set of operations that can interchangeably be applied to the structured as well as to unstructured text part of the data to generate useful data summaries. Such summaries are then organized in visual tiles in a grid layout to allow their analysis and comparison. We validate TextTile with task analysis, use cases and a user study showing the system can be easily learned and proficiently used to carry out nontrivial tasks.
Development of a Godunov-type model for the accurate simulation of dispersion dominated waves

Abstract A new numerical model based on the Navier–Stokes equations is presented for the simulation of dispersion dominated waves. The equations are solved by splitting the pressure into hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic components. The Godunov approach is utilized to solve the hydrostatic flow equations and the resulting velocity field is then corrected to be divergence free. Alternative techniques for the time integration of the non-hydrostatic pressure gradients are presented and investigated in order to improve the accuracy of dispersion dominated wave simulations. Numerical predictions are compared with analytical solutions and experimental data for test cases involving standing, shoaling, refracting, and breaking waves.
Photonic Crystal Enabled Thermophotovoltaics for a Portable Microgenerator

This work presents the design and characterization of a first-of-a-kind millimeter- scale thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system using a metallic microburner, photonic crystal emitter, and low-bandgap photovoltaic (PV) cells. In our TPV system, combustion heats the emitter to incandescence and the resulting thermal radiation is converted to electricity by the low bandgap PV cells. Our motivation is to harness the high specific energy of hydrocarbon fuels at the micro- and millimeter-scale in order to meet the increasing power demands of micro robotics and portable electronics. Our experimental demonstration lays the groundwork for developing a TPV microgenerator as a viable battery replacement.
A staged strategy for understanding organizational requirements in the acquisition of information and communication technology for SMEs

This paper aims at identifying organizational requirements through a staged strategy for purchasing information and computer technology ICT for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the freight management and logistics industry, and providing a framework to guide the acquisition process. Using the SME as an example case study, the strategy assisted management in the need analysis process and in identifying critical criteria for the best fit solution between the firm’s requirements and functionality of the selected strategy.
Effects of Sb micro-alloying on precipitate evolution and mechanical properties of a dilute Al-Sc-Zr alloy

Abstract An Al-Sc-Zr aluminum alloy with Sb micro-addition (Al-0.066Sc-0.050Zr-0.021Sb at%) is cast and heat-treated to study the effects of Sb on the nucleation, growth, coarsening kinetics and precipitate morphology, and resulting mechanical properties at ambient and elevated temperatures. When isochronally aged, the Sb-containing alloy exhibits a peak microhardness (607±12 MPa) at 475 °C, which is greater than that of a comparable Sb-free alloy at the same temperature (549±17 MPa), and a smaller rate of decrease of microhardness values due to precipitate coarsening for aging temperatures >475 °C. When isothermally aged, the Sb-containing alloy achieves larger peak microhardness values at 300 °C for more than a month (~80 MPa difference) and 400 °C for ~8 h (~200 MPa difference) than the Sb-free alloy. Atom-probe tomography of the peak-aged Sb-containing alloy demonstrates that Sb partitions to the precipitates, and is enriched in the Zr-rich shell (up to 0.35 at% Sb). For creep testing at 300 °C, the Sb-containing alloy exhibits smaller steady-state strain-rates than the Sb-free control alloy at applied stresses >15 MPa. It is hypothesized that the effects of Sb micro-alloying (partitioning to precipitates, enhanced precipitate coarsening and higher creep resistance) are linked with the following mechanisms: (i) enhanced Zr diffusion in the matrix due to attractive Sb-Zr interactions; (ii) reduction in matrix/precipitate interfacial free energy, when Sb is present; and (iii) an increase in precipitate/matrix lattice parameter mismatch resulting in stronger elastic interactions with dislocations.
Abstract 386: Air Pollutants Induce Dysfunctional Prooxidant HDL and Activate 5-lipoxygenase in the Liver

Background Exposure to ambient particulate matter is associated with increased cardiovascular ischemic events and enhanced atherosclerosis. Objective To test our hypothesis that air pollutants may induce oxidative modifications of plasma lipoproteins resulting in alteration of the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Methods and Results We exposed ApoE-/- male mice (C57BL/6 background) to diesel exhaust (DE) emissions at 250 μg PM2.5/m3 for two weeks, filtered air (FA) for two weeks or DE for two weeks, followed by FA for one week (DE+FA). HDL anti-oxidant capacity was assessed by a DCF-based cell fluorescence assay that evaluate the ability of HDL to inhibit LDL oxidation. DE and DE+FA mice significantly impaired the HDL anti-oxidant capacity in comparison with FA mice (p Conclusions DE emissions induced systemic pro-oxidant effects that led to the development of dysfunctional HDL, which might be one of the mechanisms how air pollution contributes to enhanced atherosclerosis
Fostering Integrity in Research: Definitions, Current Knowledge, and Future Directions

Over the last 25 years, a small but growing body of research on research behavior has slowly provided a more complete and critical understanding of research practices, particularly in the biomedical and behavioral sciences. The results of this research suggest that some earlier assumptions about irresponsible conduct are not reliable, leading to the conclusion that there is a need to change the way we think about and regulate research behavior. This paper begins with suggestions for more precise definitions of the terms "responsible conduct of research," "research ethics," and "research integrity." It then summarizes the findings presented in some of the more important studies of research behavior, looking first at levels of occurrence and then impact. Based on this summary, the paper concludes with general observations about priorities and recommendations for steps to improve the effectiveness of efforts to respond to misconduct and foster higher standards for integrity in research.
MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF HEAVY OIL RECOVERY ECONOMICS

ABSTRACT The current economic environment has slowed the implementation of many enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects. For many of the projects that have been tabled, the reduction in oil price has been the deciding factor in management's decision to postpone the projects. This paper provides an update of the economics for several of the EOR processes specifically targeted for heavy oil. These include steam flooding, in situ combustion, and polymer flooding. Existing recovery models and updated cost figures are used to generate a before tax discounted cash-flow (DCF) rate of return. Monte Carlo simulation is used to provide a probabilistic sensitivity analysis of rate of return by varying key design parameters. The economic analysis is conducted in light of three different scenarios. The first is the continuation of the current situation, with an environment that causes real deflation in oil prices with time. The second assumes a modest economic recovery that results in a small real growth in oil prices. The third is the most ambitious, with robust economic recovery and a return to the real oil price growth seen in the recent past.
Improved performance comparisons of radioxenon systems for low level releases in nuclear explosion monitoring

The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty bans all nuclear tests and mandates development of verification measures to detect treaty violations. One verification measure is detection of radioactive xenon isotopes produced in the fission of actinides. The International Monitoring System (IMS) currently deploys automated radioxenon systems that can detect four radioxenon isotopes. Radioxenon systems with lower detection limits are currently in development. Historically, the sensitivity of radioxenon systems was measured by the minimum detectable concentration for each isotope. In this paper we analyze the response of radioxenon systems using rigorous metrics in conjunction with hypothetical representative releases indicative of an underground nuclear explosion instead of using only minimum detectable concentrations. Our analyses incorporate the impact of potential spectral interferences on detection limits and the importance of measuring isotopic ratios of the relevant radioxenon isotopes in order to improve discrimination from background sources particularly for low-level releases. To provide a sufficient data set for analysis, hypothetical representative releases are simulated every day from the same location for an entire year. The performance of three types of samplers are evaluated assuming they are located at 15 IMS radionuclide stations in the region of the release point. The performance of two IMS-deployed samplers and a next-generation system is compared with proposed metrics for detection and discrimination using representative releases from the nuclear test site used by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
Psychophysiology of Violence and Aggression

This chapter highlights studies that examine cardiac, electrodermal, and neurobiological correlates of violence and aggression. Several terms and theories related to aggression are explained, including psychophysiology, social push theory, theories of low arousal, and psychopathy. The chapter then explores several research findings related to psychophysiological correlates of violence and aggression. Finally, the chapter concludes with some considerations for researchers and policy makers. Keywords: aggression; cardiac; electrodermal; neurobiology; psychopathy; psychophysiology; violence
Gene Purification by Transfection Methods

The transfer of genetic information is relatively common in prokaryotes, but its incidence in mammalians seems to be negligible. Nevertheless, the transfer of genetic traits from one generation to the next is manipulated by farmers to obtain better plant and animal specimens. This primitive transfer has enabled the identification of specific traits and their assignment to a genetic entity.
Parastomal Ileal Loop Hernia Repair with Marlex Mesh

We report a case of a complicated ileal conduit parastomal hernia that was repaired using marlex mesh. The characteristics of this material and the techniques of its use are described. When primary repair of a parastomal hernia is not possible without tension, marlex mesh may be used to reinforce or even to replace the fascia. The stoma may be brought out adjacent to or possibly even through the mesh.
Sex Difference in Meningococcal Disease Mortality, New York City, 2008–2016

Background The case fatality rate (CFR) from invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in New York City (NYC) is greater than national figures, with higher rates among females than males across all age groups. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study among 151 persons aged ≥15 years diagnosed with IMD in NYC during 2008-2016 identified through communicable disease surveillance. We examined demographic, clinical, and community-level associations with death to confirm the elevated risk of mortality among female IMD patients after adjusting for confounders and to determine factors associated with female IMD mortality. Relative risks of death were estimated using multivariable log-linear Poisson regression with a robust error variance. Results Females had a higher CFR (n = 23/62; 37%) following IMD than males (n = 17/89; 19%) (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-3.8). Controlling for demographic and clinical factors, there was a significant interaction between sex and fatal outcomes related to meningitis: the relative risk of death for females with meningitis was 13.7 (95% CI, 3.2-58.1) compared with males. In the model restricted to females, altered mental status (aRR, 7.5; 95% CI, 2.9-19.6) was significantly associated with an increased risk of death. Conclusions Female mortality from IMD was significantly increased compared with males, controlling for other predictors of mortality. Sex-based differences in recognition and treatment need to be evaluated in cases of meningococcal disease. Our study highlights the importance of analyzing routine surveillance data to identify and address disparities in disease incidence and outcomes.
Time course of changes in maternal left ventricular function during subsequent pregnancy in women with a history of gestational hypertensive disorders

Women with a history of gestational hypertensive disorders (GHD) are at increased risk for developing perinatal cardiovascular complications (e.g., gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, etc.) in ...
Psychobiological Processes in the Development of Behavioral Inhibition

Despite robust prediction from early behavioral inhibition to anxiety development, evidence is accumulating for heterogeneity among children identified as behaviorally inhibited. In this chapter, we examine how behavioral inhibition is associated with a range of psychophysiological markers to better understand this heterogeneity. We suggest that these measures are not just correlated with behavioral inhibition but are markers of underlying processes that help to characterize which children are at highest risk for anxiety, thereby reducing heterogeneity. We organize the literature by discussing physiological markers as indexing reactivity and regulation, consistent with a temperament framework, and cover a wide range of physiological measures linked to behavioral inhibition and risk for anxiety, including electrodermal activity, cortisol, and EEG asymmetry, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, EEG delta-beta coupling, and event-related potentials. The findings presented herein support the notion that these physiological markers index mechanisms that contribute to children’s behavioral manifestation of behavioral inhibition and may exacerbate the risk for inhibited children to remain on the trajectory of developing anxiety symptoms.
Personal Finance Competencies in the Practice of Financial Counseling

In this chapter, we clarify financial terms that are often used interchangeably, including financial knowledge, financial literacy and financial capability, including theoretical reflections concerning the emergence of a financial capability framework. We will then review the Association for Financial Counseling and Planning Education® (AFCPE) Accredited Financial Counselor® (AFC) Core Competencies. We will also discuss how practitioners can use research to enhance their practice.
An Assessment of The New York State Behavioral Health System’s Readiness to Transition to Medicaid Managed Care

New York State has one of the most richly funded Medicaid programs in the United States. In an effort to achieve the triple aim New York State is undergoing a significant redesign of its Medicaid program including transitioning nearly all Medicaid funded behavioral health services into Medicaid managed care. In preparation for this transition, a state funded technical assistance center assessed the behavioral health care system’s readiness to undergo this reform across 11 domains. Between September and November, 2014, the TA center electronically distributed a readiness survey to 897 mental health and substance abuse agencies: 313 (n = 269, 33%) organizations completed the assessment. As a whole, the sample felt partially ready to transition; analysis by domain revealed agencies were most ready to interface with managed care providers, and least ready to collect and evaluate outcome data. Significant differences in readiness were found depending by organizational characteristics (number of programs, licensure, and region). In anticipation of large-scale reforms, states would benefit from an initial needs assessment to identify gaps in knowledge and skills, which in turn, can then guide preparatory efforts and provide needed supports to facilitate major changes in service delivery and billing.
Abstract 001: Skap2 Regulates Atherosclerosis through Macrophage Polarization and Efferocytosis

Background: Atherosclerosis causes more deaths than any other pathophysiologic process. It has a well-established inflammatory, macrophage-mediated component, but potentially protective intracellul...
Squaramide-Catalyzed Enantioselective Michael Addition of Masked Acyl Cyanides to Substituted Enones.

The presented procedure is applicable to a broad scope of electronically and structural diverse enones, with good to high yields and excellent enantioselectivities.
Artificial gravity as a multi-system countermeasure: effects on cognitive function.

The Space Flight Cognitive Assessment Tool for Windows (WinSCAT) is a medical requirement on the International Space Station, and its purpose is to evaluate cognitive functioning after physical insult (e.g., head trauma, decompression sickness, exposure to toxic gases, medication side effects). The current objective is to assess cognitive functioning in a long duration space mission analog environment where Artificial Gravity is being applied as a countermeasure in a Bed Rest study. Methods: Fifteen male subjects (8 treatment and 7 control) who participated in 21 days of -6 degree head-down bed rest were assessed. Three practice and three baseline WinSCAT test sessions were administered during the pre-bed rest phase of study participation. During the bed rest phase, the WinSCAT test was scheduled every other day, following the centrifuge, for a total of 10 test sessions. (The treatment group received 60 minutes of centrifugation each day during the 21 days of bed rest. The control subjects were strapped to the centrifuge for the same length of time as the treatment group but were not spun.) During the post-bed rest (reconditioning) phase, the test was administered 4 times. Results: Individual differences were found both within and between the treatment and control groups. After controlling for the number of subjects in each group, the treatment group accounted for more off-nominal WinSCAT scores than the control group. Conclusions:There is some preliminary evidence that centrifuge spinning might negatively impact cognitive functioning. However, due to sample size limitations, it cannot be ascertained whether there were significant differences in cognitive performance between the treatment and control groups. If centrifugation had a negative effect on cognitive functioning, consistent decrements would be expected to be found with all treatment subjects across time. Individual differences in underlying cognitive ability and motivation level are other possible explanations for the results found in this study.
High Prevalence of Celiac Disease Among Screened First-Degree Relatives

Abstract Objective To investigate the prevalence of first-degree relatives (FDRs) with celiac disease detected at screening and diagnostic significance of anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-TTG). Patients and Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of 104 patients with a diagnosis of celiac disease and their FDRs, collecting data from electronic records of Mayo Clinic and celiac disease registry from December 20, 1983, to May 22, 2017. We collected demographics, presenting symptoms, indication for testing, family history, number of other family members screened, biopsy reports, and results of serologic tests. Results Of 477 FDRs identified, 360 were screened (mean screening rate per family, 79%±25%) and 160 FDRs (44.4%) were diagnosed with celiac disease, at a mean age 31.9±21.6 years (62% female). All diagnosed FDRs had positive anti-TTG titers. Clinical features were documented in 148 diagnosed FDRs, of those 9 (6%) had classic, 97 (66%) had non-classic symptoms, and 42(28%) had no reported symptoms. Histology reports were available from 155 FDRs: 12 (8%) had Marsh 1, 77 (50%) had Marsh 3a, and 66 (43%) had Marsh 3b. A level of anti-TTG greater than or equal to 2.75 of the upper limit of normal identified FDRs with villous atrophy with 87% sensitivity, 82% specificity, and a positive predictive value of 95%. Conclusion In a retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with celiac disease, we found a high prevalence of celiac disease among screened FDRs. High anti-TTG titers associated with villous atrophy on small bowel biopsies, irrespective of symptoms.
Teaching Water Quality Analysis using a Constructed Wetlands Microcosm in a Non-Science Majors Environmental Science Laboratory

Wetlands are defined as areas of soil saturated with standing water. These areas are rich in biodiversity, containing numerous plants, animals and microorganisms. Wetlands act as natural filtering systems for runoff and can improve the water quality in an area. To demonstrate the importance of wetlands to a non-science major introductory environmental science class, we designed a small freshwater wetland filter. This filter is able to reduce the amount of ammonia present in water entering the system. Sequencing the bacteria present in the soil of the filter identified bacteria capable of performing anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). In this paper, we describe how to construct the filter and use it during class. It is our goal that this filter gives students a better appreciation of the role wetland ecosystems play in maintaining water quality.
Simulated wind farm wake sensitivity to configuration choices in the Weather Research and Forecasting model version 3.8.1

Abstract. Wakes from wind farms can extend over 50 km downwind in stably stratified conditions. These wakes can undermine power production at downwind turbines, adversely impacting revenue. As such, wind farm wake impacts must be considered in wind resource assessments, especially in regions of dense wind farm development. The open-source Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) numerical weather prediction model includes a wind farm parameterization to estimate wind farm wake effects, but model configuration choices can influence the resulting predictions of wind farm wakes. These choices include vertical resolution, horizontal resolution, and whether or not to include the addition of turbulent kinetic energy generated by the rotating wind turbines. Despite the sensitivity to model configuration, no clear guidance currently exists for these options. Here we compare simulated wind farm wakes produced by varying model configurations with meteorological observations near a land-based wind farm in flat terrain over several diurnal cycles. A WRF configuration comprised of horizontal resolutions of 3 km or 1 km paired with a vertical resolution of 10 m provides the most accurate representation of wind farm wake effects, such as the correct surface warming and elevated wind speed deficit. The inclusion of turbine-generated turbulence is also critical to produce accurate surface warming and should not be omitted.
Cycled Phototherapy Dose-Finding Study for Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Cycled (intermittent) phototherapy (PT) might adequately control peak total serum bilirubin (TSB) level and avoid mortality associated with usual care (continuous PT) among extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants (401-1000 g). Objective To identify a cycled PT regimen that substantially reduces PT exposure, with an increase in mean peak TSB level lower than 1.5 mg/dL in ELBW infants. Design, Setting, and Participants This dose-finding randomized clinical trial of cycled PT vs continuous PT among 305 ELBW infants in 6 US newborn intensive care units was conducted from March 12, 2014, to November 14, 2018. Interventions Two cycled PT regimens (≥15 min/h and ≥30 min/h) were provided using a simple, commercially available timer to titrate PT minutes per hour against TSB level. The comparator arm was usual care (continuous PT). Main Outcomes and Measures Mean peak TSB level and total PT hours through day 14 in all 6 centers and predischarge brainstem auditory-evoked response wave V latency in 1 center. Mortality and major morbidities were secondary outcomes despite limited power. Results Consent was requested for 452 eligible infants and obtained for 305 (all enrolled) (mean [SD] birth weight, 749 [152] g; gestational age, 25.7 [1.9] weeks; 81 infants [27%] were multiple births; 137 infants [45%] were male; 112 [37%] were black infants; and 107 [35%] were Hispanic infants). Clinical and demographic characteristics of the groups were similar at baseline. After a preplanned interim analysis of 100 infants, the regimen of 30 min/h or more was discontinued, and the study proceeded with 2 arms. Comparing 128 infants receiving PT of 15 min/h or more with 128 infants receiving continuous PT among those surviving to 14 days, mean peak TSB levels were 7.1 vs 6.4 mg/dL (adjusted difference, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.4-1.1 mg/dL) and mean total PT hours were 34 vs 72 (adjusted difference, −39; 95% CI, −45 to −32). Wave V latency adjusted for postmenstrual age was similar in 37 infants receiving 15 min/h or more of PT and 33 infants receiving continuous PT: 7.42 vs 7.32 milliseconds (difference, 0.10; 95% CI, −0.11 to 0.30 millisecond). The relative risk for death was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.40-1.54), with a risk difference of −4.5% (95% CI, −10.9 to 2.0). Morbidities did not differ between groups. Conclusions and Relevance Cycled PT can substantially reduce total PT with little increase in peak TSB level. A large, randomized trial is needed to assess whether cycled PT would increase survival and survival without impairment in small, preterm infants. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT01944696
Nuclear reach: uranium prospection and the global ambitions of the French nuclear programme, 1945–65

By the 1960s, French uranium geologists were prospecting on every continent. This paper considers the link between this form of ‘nuclear reach’ and the weapons tests, reactor sales, and scientific ...
"IAmSizeSexy": A health communication body image study.

The aim of this study was to formatively evaluate a health communication campaign on body image targeting undergraduate female students. A total of 331 students at a large public Midwestern univers...
Utilizando Ícones Inteligentes para Estabelecer Estratégias na Aprendizagem

The description of this article refers to the importance of creating the option to display smart icons of our digital files, both as an organizer medium and as a centralizer of information to facilitate the learning process. The perception of the need to save information comes from the prehistory with cave paintings on the caves’ walls and currently the only difference is contained in binary numbers masked by computational language on virtual walls. Inferring to the need to obtain technologies that aggregate intelligence within human aspects such that the aid goes beyond digital repositories.
Arab Constitutionalism: The Coming Revolution

After the 2011 uprisings started in Tunisia and swept across the Arab region, more than a dozen countries amended their constitutions, the greatest concentration of constitutional reform processes since the end of the Cold War. This book provides a detailed account and analysis of all of these developments. Individual accounts are provided of eight different reform processes (including Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen and Sudan), with particular focus on the historical context, the political dynamics, the particular process that each country followed and the substantive outcome. Zaid Al-Ali deconstructs the popular demands that were made in 2011 and translates them into a series of specific actions that would have led to freer societies and a better functioning state. A revolution did not take place in 2011, but it is inevitably part of the region's future and Arab Constitutionalism explores what that revolution could look like.
Autophagy and tumorigenesis.

Autophagy is a catabolic process that captures cellular waste and degrades them in the lysosome. The main function of autophagy is quality control of cytosolic proteins and organelles, and intracellular recycling of nutrients in order to maintain cellular homeostasis. Autophagy is upregulated in many cancers to promote cell survival, proliferation and metastasis. Both cell-autonomous autophagy (also known as tumor autophagy) and non-cell autonomous autophagy (also known as host autophagy) supports tumorigenesis through different mechanisms, including inhibition of p53 activation, sustaining redox homeostasis, maintenance of essential amino acids levels in order to support energy production and biosynthesis, and inhibition of anti-tumor immune responses. Therefore, autophagy may serve as a tumor-specific vulnerability and targeting autophagy could be a novel strategy in cancer treatment.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Associated Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis; a Rare Presentation Accompanied By Rapid Disease Progression (P5.6-037)

Objective: NA Background: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) usually affects the grey-matter structures in the brain like the cortex and the basal ganglia, although cranial white-matter involvement is not unheard of. Spinal cord involvement is not clearly described in literature. Our case describes an extremely rare association between a probable CJD and longitudinally-extensive-transverse-myelitis (LETM). Design/Methods: Reporting a 57-year-old-male with past history of indolent non-hodjkin’s lymphoma who was admitted for progressive clumsiness, gait instability and bowel/bladder incontinence over the past two months. Neurological examination revealed an alert and oriented patient but with poor attention, dysarthria, right side weakness, ataxia and up-going toe for which he was admitted. Results: The patient had MRI-spine that showed an extensive longitudinal lesion in the cervicothoracic region. His initial CSF-analysis was non-specific with only increased proteins and negative cytology. He received plasmapheresis and high dose steroids empirically without improvement. Meanwhile, the patient became increasingly mute that further progressed to becoming lethargic requiring further cranial work-up and transfer to the ICU. Brain-MRI showed an increased diffusion sequence in the caudate and putamen nuclei bilaterally as well as patchy bilateral frontal cortical ribbon increased signal. Shortly after, the patient started developing myoclonic jerks in his extremities not reflected on the EEG by any epileptic activity. Repeat CSF analysis revealed positive protein 14.3.3 and real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assay. Thus, a diagnosis of sporadic CJD was probable based on the history, symptomatology and investigations. The patient was sent to hospice care. Conclusions: Our patient meets criteria of probable CJD. This is evident in the rapidly progressive dementia, extrapyramidal symptoms, mutism and clinical myoclonus. This is confirmed by MRI findings and laboratory testing. Our case also reports very rapid progression of the disease after the development of the LETM. Whether this can be considered an indicator of rapid disease progression and worse prognosis remains to be investigated. Disclosure: Dr. Jordan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Abd Elazim has nothing to disclose. Dr. Boyett has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mehta has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hussein has nothing to disclose. Dr. Stino has nothing to disclose.
Flavored cigar availability in Oakland after a partial ban.

Abstract Objectives We report the continued availability of flavored cigars based on our analysis of discarded cigar wrappers collected in February 2019, after a partial flavor ban in Oakland, CA. Methods We collected 1,501 discarded cigar wrappers in a stratified random sample of census tracts (n = 15). Collected packages were cleaned, photographed, and coded for product type, brand name, pack size, flavor descriptor, and pricing details. Results More than half (58.5%, CI 95% = 50–67.1%) of the cigar wrappers collected were flavored. When controlling for product type, pack size, and brand, there were statistical differences in the presence of flavored tobacco products that align with census tract racial and ethnic demographics. The odds of finding flavored cigars in black/African American tracts census tracts were significantly higher (AOR = 2.13, p Conclusions Flavored cigars continued to be wide available despite Oakland’s partial ban on flavored tobacco products. Serious consideration is warranted for comprehensive bans on the sale of flavored tobacco products and ongoing surveillance to assess their availability.
Effects of age on arterial stiffness and central blood pressure after an acute bout of resistance exercise.

To investigate the influence of age on arterial stiffness and blood pressure after performing a resistance exercise bout. Recreationally active men were separated into young (YG, n = 12, 26.5 ± 3.3 years), middle (MG, n = 14, 49.4 ± 5.7 years), and old (OG, n = 10, 67.4 ± 6.3 years)-aged groups. In a randomized cross-over design, participants performed control and exercise conditions with at least 3 days separating conditions. The exercise condition consisted of leg press, chest press, knee flexion, lat pulldown and knee extension at ~65 % one-repetition maximum for three sets of 10 repetitions. Brachial and central blood pressures, augmented pressure, augmentation index, central and peripheral pulse wave velocities were measured prior to each condition and starting at 5 min post-exercise. Brachial systolic blood pressure (SBP) significantly increased similarly after exercise for all age groups (YG, 8 ± 8 mmHg; MG, 5 ± 5 mmHg; OG, 5 ± 6 mmHg; p < 0.05). However, central SBP did not significantly increase for any age group after exercise. Augmentation index significantly increased after exercise only in the YG (11 ± 8 %, p < 0.05). Central pulse wave velocity did not significantly increase in any age group after exercise when compared to the control condition. When performing a whole body moderate resistance exercise bout, acute changes in arterial stiffness and blood pressure appear to be minimally affected by age.
Course Development Cycle Time: A Framework for Continuous Process Improvement.

This article details Edinboro University's efforts to reduce the extended cycle time required to develop new courses and programs. A collaborative process improvement framework is shared, as are illustrated data findings, the team's recommendations for improvement, and the outcomes of those recommendations. It is hoped the case will initiate dialogue among higher education professionals on ways to reduce course development cycle time in order to increase student satisfaction.
Continuous Channels with Additive Gaussian Noise

For brevity we shall henceforth refer to the channel to be studied in the present section as the channel G. Let σ2 be the variance of the Gaussian noise. We will take the input alphabet of channel G to be the interval [0, 1]. In place of (8.1.1) we now have $$ P\left\{ {{Y_i}\left( {{u_0}} \right) < z + {x_i}} \right\} = \frac{1} {{\sqrt {2\pi } \sigma }}\int_{ - \infty }^x {{{\exp }_e}\left\{ {\frac{{ - {t^2}}} {{2{\sigma ^2}}}} \right\}dt,\quad i = 1, \ldots ,n.} $$ (9.1.1) We have 0 ≦ x i ≦ 1, i = 1, . . . , n, and the chance variables Y1 (u0), . . . , Y n (u0) are independently distributed. The definition of a code is obvious.
Immunohistochemical Characterization of Hyaline Globules in Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Hyaline globules (HG) are frequently found in neoplastic cells of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). Presence of HG, characteristic of but not specific of KS, has been considered to represent erythrophagocytosis. In order to further characterize the nature of HG, we studied 10 cases of cutaneous KS with distinct HG using immunohistochemistry for hemoglobin A, Kappa and Lambda. All KS cases were of nodular type. Also included were 3 cases of glomeruloid hemangioma with similar HG in endothelial cells for the comparision. In selected cases electron microscopic examination was performed. PAS stain with diastase digestion was also done in all cases. Results: HG were diastase resistant and PAS positive. All HG in neoplastic cells of KS and endothelial cells of GH were negative for hemoglobin A. There was variable staining for light chains: focal but strong positivity for kappa, weak and variable staining for Lambda. Some HG was positive for both kappa and lambda. Electron microscopic study demonstrated HG as homogeneous electron dense inclusions with internal small vacuoles, whorled or granular materials. Conclusions: All HG in neoplastic cells and endothelial cells of GH represent phagolysosomes. Negative stain for hemoglobin A in KS and GH do not support the inclusions being fragmented RBC’s.