cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spezifikation eines maschinellen Problemlösungsprozesses für die Erstellung kundenindividueller Problemlösungen

In der okonomischen Analyse des Direktvertriebs kundenindividueller Problemlosungen konnten wir ausgehend von verschiedenen okonomischen Untersuchungsansatzen zeigen, das der Direktvertrieb aus Nachfragersicht wesentliche okonomische Vorteile gegenuber traditionellen Absatzmethoden besitzt. Voraussetzung fur eine erfolgreiche Markteinfuhrung und einen mittelbis langfristig erfolgreichen Marktauftritt dieser Absatzmethode ist insbesondere die zieladaquate Gestaltung des Informations- und Kommunikationssystems (IKS) eines entsprechenden Anbieters1.
High-Resolution Coastal Elevation Data: The Key to Planning for Storm Surge and Sea Level Rise

The coastline is a long, narrow hazard zone vulnerable to storm surge or tsunami as well as to the much slower rise in relative sea level associated with climate change and crustal subsidence. Effective planning for coastal hazards depends upon reliable climatological and tidal data, monitoring networks able to detect large rotating storms or distant undersea earthquakes, and refinement of computer simulation models like SLOSH (Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes), developed in the 1970s and used for three decades by the National Weather Service to identify areas requiring evacuation. SLOSH, which accommodated 1970s computers with a coarse systematic grid unable to capture the effects of irregular shorelines and small features that can accelerate or attenuate sudden inundation by wind-driven seas, epitomizes the need for better models and more refined elevation data. Reliable modeling is important because the time-consuming evacuation of large coastal populations is thwarted by the unnecessary clearing of areas not at risk. Improved planning for severe coastal storms is possible with more computationally efficient models based on high-resolution, unstructured grids and able to account for wave action as well as topographic irregularities. Although these advanced models require refined elevation data—as do credible projections of sea level rise—for many parts of the United States coast the best current elevation data are derived from obsolete topographic maps with a five- or ten-foot contour interval. Topographic lidar, which can provide a half-foot vertical resolution, is a promising solution to the pressing need for better coastal elevation data. Integration with bathymetric lidar, which can image the sea floor in water as deep as 20 to 30 meters, yields a seamless topographic/bathymetric dataset useful for the high-resolution modeling of storm surge.
The trans-rotator cuff approach to SLAP lesions: technical aspects for repair and a clinical follow-up of 31 patients at a minimum of 2 years.

Purpose: To discuss a new technique for the surgical treatment of type II SLAP lesions as well as the evaluation of the technique’s effectiveness with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Type of Study: Retrospective clinical follow-up study. Methods: We present a clinical follow-up of 31 patients who were treated arthroscopically for type II SLAP lesions using a trans-rotator cuff portal at an average follow-up time of 3.7 years. Patients were screened for concomitant procedures including rotator cuff repairs, shoulder stabilizations, thermal capsullographies, and previous surgeries. These patients were subsequently excluded from the study. Patients were given a standard physical examination of the upper extremity at our institution and they completed both the L’Isalata and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons questionnaires. Results: All 31 patients identified were available for follow-up at an average time of 3.7 years postoperatively (range, 2.0 to 7.4 years). The average L’Insalata score was 87.0 points (range, 46.1-100 points); the average ASES score was 87.2 points (range, 46.7-100 points). The average pain score was 1.5 (range, 0-5) and only 4 of the 31 patients complained of moderate pain with activity. Sixteen of the 31 patients returned to their preinjury level of sports; 11 of the 31 patients returned to limited activity and 2 patients were inactive at the time of follow-up. Overall satisfaction with the procedure averaged 3.79 points (range, 0-5 points): 22 patients rated overall satisfaction as good or excellent, 6 patients reported a fair outcome, and only 3 patients were unsatisfied with the results of the surgery. One patient who was unsatisfied with the procedure had reinjured his superior labrum and required a second operation. None of the 31 patients had symptoms suggestive of rotator cuff pathology. Of the 30 patients found to have a positive Active Compression test preoperatively, 26 of these patients now had a negative sign. Conclusions: The trans-rotator cuff approach allows for a more optimal placement of a biodegradable fixation device and/or suture anchors into the superior labrum. Furthermore, we believe that this approach does not compromise the function of the rotator cuff. The trans-rotator cuff technique is an effective and safe modality to address superior labral pathology. Key Words: Shoulder—Arthroscopy—SLAP—Labral repair— Trans-rotator cuff approach—Clinical follow-up.
DIBS: A Data Integration Benchmark Suite

As the generation of data becomes more prolific, the amount of time and resources necessary to perform analyses on these data increases. What is less understood, however, is the data preprocessing steps that must be applied before any meaningful analysis can begin. This problem of taking data in some initial form and transforming it into a desired one is known as data integration. Here, we introduce the Data Integration Benchmarking Suite (DIBS), a suite of applications that are representative of data integration workloads across many disciplines. We apply a comprehensive characterization to these applications to better understand the general behavior of data integration tasks. As a result of our benchmark suite and characterization methods, we offer insight regarding data integration tasks that will guide other researchers designing solutions in this area.
Temporal changes in peritoneal cell phenotype and neoelastic matrix induction with hyaluronan oligomers and TGF-β1 after implantation of engineered conduits.

The neoassembly and maturation of elastic matrix is an important challenge for engineering small-diameter grafts for patients with peripheral artery disease. We have previously shown that hyaluronan oligomers and transforming growth factor-β (elastogenic factors or EFs) promote elastogenesis in smooth muscle cell (SMC) culture. However, their combined effects on macrophages and inflammatory cells in vivo are unknown. This information is needed to use the body (e.g., peritoneal cavity) as an "in vivo bioreactor" to recruit autologous cells to implanted EF-functionalized scaffolds. In this study, we determined if peritoneal fluid cells respond to EFs like smooth muscle cells and if these responses differ between cells sourced during different stages of inflammation triggered by scaffold implantation. Electrospun poly(e-caprolactone)/collagen conduits were implanted in the peritoneal cavity prior to peritoneal fluid collection at 3-42 days postimplantation. Cells from the fluid were cultured in vitro with and without EFs to determine their response. Their phenotype/behaviour was assessed with a DNA assay, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunofluorescence. The EFs reduced peritoneal cell proliferation, maintained cell contractility, and unexpectedly did not exhibit proelastic effects, which we attributed to differences in cell density. We found the greatest elastin deposition in regions containing a high cell density. Further, we found that cells isolated from the peritoneal cavity at longer times after conduit implantation responded better to the EFs and exhibited more CD31 expression than cells at an earlier time point. Overall, this study provides information about the potential use of EFs in vivo and can guide the design of future tissue-engineered vascular grafts.
The Homoaporphines and Homoproaporphines

Several homoaporphines and reduced homoproaporphines have recently been isolated from members of the Liliaceae, mostly by the Russian school. The assigned structures are reproduced below. However, in the case of the reduced proaporphines, the data available are fragmentary, and some of the stereochemical assignments still remain to be made or to be confirmed.
Discoveries from Observations and Modeling of the 1998/99 Leonids

The Leonid meteor storm of November 1999 entered the history books as the second in the space age, but was the first to be well observed. This was a rare encounter with fresh comet ejecta that can be precisely dated to the 1899 return of the parent comet. Earth’s atmosphere acted as a giant detector for measuring composition and morphology of large mm-cm sized grains during what was in effect a comet mission to 55P /Tempel-Tuttle. The high meteor flux and preponderance of persistent trains enabled the deployment of modern observing techniques to probe the chemistry and physics of the interaction of meteoric matter with the Earth’s atmosphere, leading to many discoveries of interest to a wide array of science fields such as astrobiology, planetary astronomy, and the atmospheric sciences. Moreover, the correct timing ofthe 1999 Leonid storm by meteor stream modeling has ushered meteor storms into the modern era of forecasting space weather. This paper summarizes the discoveries that resulted from these observations and subsequent theoretical modeling.
Splenectomy (Total and Partial) and Splenopancreatectomy

Laparoscopic splenectomy is a difficult procedure that should only be performed by an experienced laparoscopic surgeon or under the direct supervision of such a surgeon. As always, the entire team should be adequately prepared.
Dry eye and blepharitis: Approaching the patient with chronic eye irritation

Patients with dry eye experience sandy-gritty irritation, dryness, burning, or increased awareness of their eyes that gets worse as the day goes on, whereas patients with posterior blepharitis, or meibomitis, have similar symptoms that are worse on eye opening. Treatment includes strategies to lower tear film osmolarity and to treat associated eyelid conditions.
The Four C's of Emotion: A Framework for Managing Emotions in Organizations

The concept of emotional intelligence has gained popularity in organizations today. Emotional intelligence focuses on individuals' recognition of, and response to, emotion. To help individuals better use their emotional intelligence capabilities, this paper offers a framework for interpreting emotional triggers in the environment. The Four C's of Emotion help individuals identify whether issues associated with context, challenges, communication, or community are the underlying causes of their emotional reactions so that they can better deal with their feelings.
Factors affecting the development of irinotecan-associated acute cholinergic syndrome.

e14515Background: Acute cholinergic syndrome is a well-established adverse effect of irinotecan. To date there have been no studies evaluating risk factors for irinotecan-associated acute cholinerg...
Exclusionary Discipline for English Learners: A National Analysis

Exclusionary discipline disproportionally effect students from underrepresented groups and English Learners are one group that has received minimal attention in this area. Using data from the U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights, Civil Rights Data Collection, we examined exclusionary discipline practices (i.e., suspensions and expulsions) involving English Learners with and without disabilities. English Learners comprised 10.1% of the student population. Nationally, odds of exclusion for English Learners with and without disabilities ranged from OR = 0.02 to OR = 0.05, but varied drastically by individual states (range: OR= 0.08 to OR = 7.79). Implications for research, policy, and practice are discussed.
Multifunctional Radar and Communications Waveform Using Chaos

Multifunctional radar and communication systems possess advantages of lower cost and weight owing to sharing of hardware and antenna apertures. In addition, by using a joint waveform for both applications simultaneously, the occupied spectrum can be used very efficiently thereby guaranteeing a permanent availability of both functions. We propose a waveform implementation that utilizes properties from nonlinear dynamics and chaos to design a multifunctional waveform having the ability to adapt to varying operational and environmental considerations. In addition, use of a chaotic noise-like waveform has good low probability of intercept (LPI), low probability of detection (LPD), and anti-jam properties.
Anastomotic Leak, Sepsis, Pulmonary Embolism, and Early Hemorrhage: How Do I Diagnose and Manage Early Complications of Bariatric Surgeries and Procedures?

Bariatric surgeries have become the second most commonly performed abdominal surgery in the USA. It can be difficult to identify bariatric patients with potentially serious complications because they may not always present with typical signs of severe illness (e.g., peritoneal signs, fever). In these patients, tachycardia should be considered a clue to the presence of significant disease (e.g., dehydration, pulmonary embolus, gastric leak, sepsis). The complications of bariatric procedures may be described as early or late. In addition, some complications can occur following any invasive procedure while others are associated with specific types of bariatric surgeries.
Marcy Simons. Academic Library Metamorphosis and Regeneration. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017. 146p. Hardcover, $78.00 (ISBN: 978-1-4422-7307-8).

Academic Library Metamorphosis and Regeneration by Marcy Simons is a well-constructed walkthrough of the multitude of changes and change processes that have occurred through libraries over the years. The book covers issues both external and internal to the library that motivate change. Events include economic downturns, declines in physical circulation, the increase in electronic resource, as well as others. From that follows a discussion of how these factors have spawned changes in the traditional professional roles of librarians. Highlighting the emergence of new types of pressures, libraries hire librarians who focus on copyright, data management, and assessment, to name a few. Marcy then argues that these changes necessitate structural change in the library itself. However, the library structure cannot change without solid leadership, which is the focus of chapter 3 and the subsequent structural change discussed in chapter 4. Naturally, from a discussion of structural change, questions arise of how change can be conducted; this is the focus of chapter 5. The book closes with a discussion surrounding innovation, how to develop a culture of innovation, as well as potential avenues for future change. The evolutionary discussion Marcy constructs helps to guide the reader through the process of change, change management, and future change within the academic library.
Indigenous Knowledge and Intellectual Property Rights

This article aims to give both an overview as well as to develop certain critical thinking tools that can help a reader engage with the complexity and diversity of Indigenous knowledge and intellectual property rights. It considers the cultural specificity of intellectual property law as well as looking at sites of contemporary struggle. Embedded in the article are questions of knowledge and power as well as how historical legacies of colonialism continue to affect the way we interpret the world and its cultures. The article also raises questions about legal authority and the way frameworks for participation and interpretation in legal contexts are produced and made available to parties that have been marginalized from such spaces.
Percutaneous Aspiration of a Mobile Infected Thrombus from the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Using the AngioVac System

The AngioVac system was invented in 2012 and was originally designed for the removal of thrombi from the venous system. It has been successfully used in the management of iliocaval and right endocardial thrombi but is reportedly less effective in the management of pulmonary emboli (PE). Since its advent, there has been interest in its application towards other medical situations. One of the most revolutionary uses thus far has been for percutaneous debridement of valvular and cardiac electronic device-associated vegetations. In most instances, the AngioVac device has been used to obviate the need for surgery in high-risk patients. Here, we describe a novel use of this device in the successful retrieval of a large, mobile, infected thrombus from the right ventricular outflow tract in a high surgical-risk patient.
Communication and Feeding/Swallowing Disorders in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: A Primer for the Pediatric Speech-Language Pathologist

Purpose Communication disorders are a hallmark feature of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). Complex feeding and swallowing difficulties are also frequently present in children with this syndrome...
Adverse cardiovascular and blood pressure effects of drug-induced hypomagnesemia

Introduction: The objective of this study was to review the current status of drug-induced hypomagnesemia and its adverse effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hypertension. Since magnesium is a potent vasodilator, which modulates vasomotor tone, peripheral blood flow, and hypertension, its deficiency could have significant cardiovascular and blood pressure (BP) effects.Areas covered: Studies have shown that several factors can contribute to magnesium deficiency including age, diet, disease, and certain drugs such as diuretics and proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs). For an updated perspective of drug-induced hypomagnesemia, a Medline search of the English language literature was conducted between 2010 and 2019 using the terms diuretics, proton-pump inhibitors, hypomagnesemia, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and 35 pertinent papers were retrieved.Expert opinion: The data showed that magnesium deficiency is difficult to occur since it is plentiful in green leafy vegetables, cereals, nuts, and the drinking water. However, magnesium deficiency can occur with the use of diuretics for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, or the use of PPIs for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Therefore, magnesium deficiency should be detected and treated to prevent the aggravation of hypertension and the onset of CVD and serious cardiac arrhythmias including torsades de points.
Protocols, Policies, and Procedures: Tools for Quality Improvement in Critical Care

Protocols, checklists, guidelines, and bundles are essential tools designed to improve the quality of care. Developing and maintaining effective policies, procedures, and protocols are now essential for ensuring smoothly operating and efficient critical care services. Quality improvement initiatives should incorporate four essential phases: development, implementation, evaluation, and maintenance. Essential to the quality improvement is the process of measuring performance. Developing and revising ICU policies and procedures should be based on the ongoing measurement of performance. Funders, health-care systems, and government entities are increasingly mandating public reporting of quality measures.
Agricultural permanence in large Asian cities: a case study of Nanjing, China

Nanjing, the capital of China's Jiangsu Province, has grown rapidly during the post-reform era and the pace of change placed tremendous pressure on the city's arable land resources. This case study...
Colorectal cancer in the setting of pregnancy and familial risk

Women are at risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) during pregnancy but this fact is underappreciated. We performed a population-based study to evaluate the rate, predictors, and familial risk for pregnancy associated CRC in Utah. All newly diagnosed cases of CRC between 1973 and 2014 were obtained from the Utah Cancer Registry and linked to pedigrees from the Utah Population Database. Of the 12,886 females diagnosed with CRC, 73 were diagnosed with CRC (0.57%) during the period of obstetric delivery/childbirth. Pregnancy associated CRC was diagnosed at a mean age of 31.9 years, and cancers were less frequently located in the proximal colon compared with women with non-pregnancy associated CRC. First-degree relatives of cases with pregnancy associated CRC had a nearly threefold higher risk of CRC (OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.26–6.01) compared with relatives of CRC-free individuals. Of women diagnosed with CRC, less than 1% were diagnosed during or soon after obstetric delivery/childbirth. Relatives of these patients have a nearly threefold greater risk of CRC than those without a family history of CRC. These results provide physicians with data to guide the care of patients and their relatives with pregnancy associated CRC.
Efficient Metadata Indexing for HPC Storage Systems

The increase in data generation rate along with the scale of today’s high performance computing (HPC) storage systems make finding and managing files extremely difficult. Efficient file system metadata indexing and querying tools are needed to ease file system management. Current metadata indexing techniques either use spatial trees or an external database to index metadata. Both approaches have their drawbacks which reduce the performance of indexing and querying the metadata on large scale file systems.In this paper, we have developed Brindexer, a metadata indexing and search tool specifically designed for large-scale HPC storage systems. Brindexer is mainly designed for system administrators to help them manage the file system effectively. It uses a leveled partitioning approach to partition the file system namespace, and has an in-tree design to reduce resource utilization from an external database. Brindexer uses RDBMS for efficient querying of the metadata index database, also uses a changelog-based approach to effectively handle real-time metadata changes and re-index the metadata at regular intervals. We implement and evaluate Brindexer on a 4.8 TB Lustre store and show that it improves the indexing and querying performance by 69% and 91% when compared to state-of-the-art metadata indexing tools.
Youth Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Problems in the ABCD Study: Minorities’ Diminished Returns of Family Income

Background: To investigate ethnic differences in the protective effects of family income against youth social, emotional, and behavioral problems in the US. As proposed by the Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs), family income may generate fewer tangible outcomes for ethnic minority compared to NHW families. Our existing knowledge is minimal about diminished returns of family income on parental reports of youth social, emotional, and behavioral outcomes. Aim: To compare ethnic groups for the effects of family income on parental reports of youth social, emotional, and behavioral problems. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, data from wave 1 of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study were included. The ABCD, an ongoing national cohort of American youth brain development, included 10,762 American youth between ages 8 and 11 years old. The independent variable was family income. The primary outcomes were 1) anxious and depressed mood, 2) withdrawn and depressed affect, 3) somatic complaints, 4) social and interpersonal problems, 5) thought problems, 6) rule-breaking behaviors, 7) attention problems, and 8) violent and aggressive behaviors. These outcomes were generated based on parent-reported behavioral problems measured using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results: Overall, high family income was associated with lower levels of parental reports of youth social, emotional, and behavioral problems across all domains (p <0.05 for all beta coefficients across multivariable regression models). Ethnicity showed statistically significant interactions with family income on youth fewer social, emotional, and behavioral problems (all domains), net of all confounders (p <0.05 for all beta coefficients that reflected interaction terms across multivariable regression models), indicating smaller tangible gains from their family income for NHB and HW compared to NHW youth. Conclusion: The protective effects of family income against behavioral problems are systematically diminished for HW and NHB youth compared to NHW youth. To minimize the ethnic gap in youth social, behavioral, and emotional problems, diminished returns of family income should be addressed. There is a need for programs and interventions that equalize not only SES but also the marginal returns of SES for ethnic groups. Such efforts require addressing structural and societal barriers that hinder HW and NHB families from translating their SES resources into tangible outcomes. There is a need for studies that can minimize MDRs for NHB and HW families. Thus, SES can similarly secure tangible outcomes in the presence of SES resources.
Clinical Presentations of Chagas Cardiomyopathy

Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) is the most common cause of nonischemic cardiomyopathy in endemic Latin American countries. Immigrants to the United States suffer from this disease, but it is underrecognized. We describe the three hallmark clinical presentations: stroke, ventricular arrhythmias, and heart failure, which should prompt suspicion for CCC.
Estimation of Elastic Behavior of Cast Metal Components Containing Process Induced Porosity

Abstract Significant progress has been made for assessing the influence of porosity on the performance metrics for cast components through various modeling techniques. However, a computationally efficient framework to account for porosity with various shapes and sizes is still lacking. The main contribution of this work is to address this limitation. Specifically, a novel porosity sensitivity method is proposed, which integrates the merits of topological sensitivity and shape sensitivity. While topological sensitivity approximates the first order change on the quantity of interest when an infinitesimally small spherical pore is inserted into a dense (no pore) structure, shape sensitivity estimates the subsequent change in the quantity when the small pore’s boundary is continuously perturbed to resemble the geometry reconstructed from tomography characterization data. In this method, an exterior problem is solved to explicitly formulate pore stress and strain fields as functions of shape scaling parameters. By neglecting higher order pore-to-pore interaction terms, the influence of multiple pores can be estimated through a linear approximation. The proposed method is first studied on a benchmark example to establish the impact of different pore parameters on the estimation accuracy. The method is then applied onto case studies where the pore geometry is either from tomography reconstruction or computer-generated representations. Efficiency and accuracy of the method are finally demonstrated using a commercial 3D application. The proposed method can be extended to other manufacturing (e.g., additive manufacturing) induced porosity problems.
Social Cognition Is Abnormal in Cervical Dystonia but Not Blepharospasm (5224)

Objective: To determine if deficits in social cognition exist in two types of isolated adult-onset focal dystonia Background: Dystonia, originally considered a pure motor disorder, is now recognized to have non-motor symptoms including psychiatric comorbidities, pain, and disturbed sleep. Cognitive dysfunction is a less established non-motor symptom. Investigations of social cognition in patients with cervical dystonia (CD) are limited, and not reported in other forms of focal dystonia such as blepharospasm (BSP). Deficits in SC make independent functioning (e.g. social awareness, public safety) challenging. Design/Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study evaluating SC in CD, BSP, and healthy controls (HC), using the Social Norms Questionnaire (SNQ22). Participants were excluded for cognitive impairment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment 11). Statistical analysis was performed using an ANOVA model followed by pairwise comparisons, corrected for age, sex, education, and income. Results: Sixty patients were included: 26 CD, 18 BSP, and 16 HC. There was no significant difference in age, sex, education, or income between groups. SC was significantly different across groups (F=3.84, p=0.03). CD had lower SC compared to HC (p=0.02) and BSP (p=0.03). SC did not differ between BSP and HC (p=0.58). Depressive symptoms were also significantly different across groups (F=4.43, p=0.02). Both CD and BSP had greater depressive symptoms than HC (CD: p=0.01; BSP: 0.04), while depressive symptoms did not differ between CD and BSP (p=0.74). Conclusions: CD is associated with deficits in SC, while BSP is not. Both BSP and CD, however, had greater depressive symptoms than controls, suggesting that depressive symptoms do not explain the SC deficits in CD. Our findings support that CD has a non-motor phenotype distinct from BSP, possibly due to a different underlying pathophysiology. Clinically, it is important to screen CD for SC deficits as they can be functionally limiting. Disclosure: Dr. Feuerstein has nothing to disclose. Dr. Holden has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Acadia Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Sillau has nothing to disclose. Dr. Berman has nothing to disclose.
Fine structure and hyperfine structure of the helium negative ion

Preliminary fine-structure and hyperfine-structure measurements have been made in the helium negative ion with the isotopes 4He and 3He. Such measurements can be performed to high precision and provide an excellent test of the theory of three-electron atomic systems. Studies of one- and two-electron systems have been very fruitful. The work of Lamb and others on the fine structure of hydrogen has provided a cornerstone of quantum electrodynamics as well as the first precise value for the Sommerfeld fine-structure constant α. Theory and experiment agree to within the experimental accuracy of about 10 ppm for the 2S1/2-2P3/2 interval. Higher precision fine-structure measurements to about 1 ppm have been made in the (ls2p)3P state of helium by Kponou et al.1 These measurements provide an excellent testing ground for the theory of the two-electron atom and, in particular, of the electron-electron interaction. A recent theoretical work2 shows promise that in helium the accuracy of the fine-structure calculation can equal that of the measurements. Experiment and the current calculation agree to 1 ppm for the 3P0-3P1 interval and to 70 ppm for the smaller 3P1-3P2 interval. Such efforts provide a critical test of our understanding of the two-electron system and may lead to an improved value of α.
Electropermanent magnetic connectors and actuators: devices and their application in programmable matter

Programmable matter is a digital material having computation, sensing, and actuation capabilities as continuous properties active over its whole extent. To make programmable matter economical to fabricate, we want to use electromagnetic direct drive, rather than clockwork, to actuate the particles. Previous attempts to fabricate small scale (below one centimeter) robotic systems with electromagnetic direct-drive have typically run into problems with insufficient force or torque, excessive power consumption and heat generation (for magnetic-drive systems), or high-voltage requirements, humidity sensitivity, and air breakdown. (for electrostatic-drive systems) The electropermanent magnet is a solid-state device whose external magnetic flux can be stably switched on and off by a discrete electrical pulse. Electropermanent magnets can provide low-power connection and actuation for programmable matter and other small-scale robotic systems. The first chapter covers the electropermanent magnet, its physics, scaling, fabrication, and our experimental device performance data. The second introduces the idea of electropermanent actuators, covers their fundamental limits and scaling, and shows prototype devices and performance measurements. The third chapter describes the smart pebbles system, which consists of 12-mm cubes that can form shapes by stochastic self-assembly and self-disassembly. The fourth chapter describes the millibot, a continuous chain of programmable matter which forms shapes by folding. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Perspectives on manufacturing engineering software integration

The world wide demand for integrated CAD/CAM/CAE software solutions is growing rapidly. The computer professional services business which includes systems integrators is expected to grow to meet that demand because data exchange formats and interface protocols between CAD/CAM/CAE software applications are for the most part incompatible. This incompatibility results in increased business opportunities for professional integrators who create custom integration solutions to support data exchange between software applications. These solutions are expensive to implement, require a great deal of time to develop, are very inflexible, and are not based upon industry standards. These custom solutions result in numerous problems that can be broken down into three major technical impediments: 1) the lack of understanding of what information and knowledge is shared between manufacturing design, planning, and production areas, 2) the lack of information standards that define structure and content of data that must be shared by multiple manufacturing applications, and 3) the lack of standard interface protocols between support systems, e.g., communications and database management systems, that would facilitate the sharing of information between independently-developed software applications
An empirically derived approach to the classification and diagnosis of mood disorders.

This article describes a system for diagnosing mood disorders that is empirically derived and designed for its clinical utility in everyday practice. A ran-dom national sample of psychiatrists and clinical psychologists described a randomly selected current patient with a measure designed for clinically ex-perienced informants, the Mood Disorder Diagnostic Questionnaire (MDDQ), and completed additional research forms. We applied factor analysis to the MDDQ to identify naturally occurring diagnostic groupings within the patient sample. The analysis yielded three clinically distinct mood disorder dimen-sions or spectra, consistent with the major mood disturbances included in the DSM and ICD over successive editions (major depression, dysthymia, and mania), along with a suicide risk index. Diagnostic criteria were determined strictly empirically. Initial data using diagnostic efficiency statistics sup-ported the accuracy of the dimensions in discriminating DSM-IV diagnoses; regression analyses supported the discriminant validity of the MDDQ scales; and correlational analysis demonstrated coherent patterns of association with family history of mood disorders and functional outcomes, supporting va-lidity. Perhaps most importantly, the MDDQ diagnostic scales demonstrated incremental validity in predicting adaptive functioning and psychiatric his-tory over and above DSM-IV diagnosis. The empirically derived syndromes can be used to diagnose mood syndromes dimensionally without complex di-agnostic algorithms or can be combined into diagnostic prototypes that eliminate the need for ever-expanding categories of mood disorders that are clini-cally unwieldy.
Getting Started with Evaluation

Everyone agrees that evaluation of library services is essential, but without a background in research it can be a challenge to apply abstract concepts such as strategic planning, evidence-based decision making, and accountability to real-world situations. Finally library managers have a workbook to help them master key concepts of service quality assessment, offering directed exercises and worksheets to guide them. Firmly rooted in practical application, this book *Presents an overview of evaluation and the types of metrics, linking them to strategic planning and infrastructure *Examines qualitative versus quantitative measures *Shows how go decide which metrics are relevant to one's own institution, covering benchmarking, best practices, peer group filters, and those metrics that offer a high return on investment *Includes pointers for launching and maintaining successful library evaluation through flexibility and smart delegation among library staff *Offers advice on marshalling data to effectively communicate the value and impact of a library and its services, no matter the audience
Nuclear autonomy in multinucleate fungi

Within many fungal syncytia, nuclei behave independently despite sharing a common cytoplasm. Creation of independent nuclear zones of control in one cell is paradoxical considering random protein synthesis sites, predicted rapid diffusion rates, and well-mixed cytosol. In studying the surprising fungal nuclear autonomy, new principles of cellular organization are emerging. We discuss the current understanding of nuclear autonomy, focusing on asynchronous cell cycle progression where most work has been directed. Mechanisms underlying nuclear autonomy are diverse including mRNA localization, ploidy variability, and nuclear spacing control. With the challenges fungal syncytia face due to cytoplasmic size and shape, they serve as powerful models for uncovering new subcellular organization modes, variability sources among isogenic uninucleate cells, and the evolution of multicellularity.
Home versus nonhome neighborhood: quantifying differences in exposure to the built environment

Background Built environment and health research have focused on characteristics of home neighborhoods, whereas overall environmental exposures occur over larger spatial ranges. Purpose Differences in built environment characteristics were analyzed for home and nonhome locations using GPS data. Methods GPS data collected in 2007–2008 were analyzed for 41 subjects in the Seattle area in 2010. Environmental characteristics for 3.8 million locations were measured using novel GIS data sets called SmartMaps, representing spatially continuous values of local built environment variables in the domains of neighborhood composition, utilitarian destinations, transportation infrastructure, and traffic conditions. Using bootstrap sampling, CIs were estimated for differences in built environment values for home ( 1666 m) GPS locations. Results Home and nonhome built environment values were significantly different for more than 90% of variables across subjects ( p Conclusions SmartMaps helped measure local built environment characteristics for a large set of GPS locations. Most subjects had significantly different home and nonhome built environment exposures. Considering the full range of individuals' environmental exposures may improve understanding of effects of the built environment on behavior and health outcomes.
Zinc inhibition of cellular energy production: implications for mitochondria and neurodegeneration

An increasing body of evidence suggests that high intracellular free zinc promotes neuronal death by inhibiting cellular energy production. A number of targets have been postulated, including complexes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, components of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and enzymes of glycolysis. Consequences of cellular zinc overload may include increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced cellular ATP levels. Additionally, zinc toxicity might involve zinc uptake by mitochondria and zinc induction of mitochondrial permeability transition. The present review discusses these processes with special emphasis on their potential involvement in brain injury.
GHz GaAs Ccd's: Promises, Problems And Progress

Progress in high-speed GaAs charge-coupled device (CCD) research is described. Experimental and modelling results are reported for two different structures; capacitive gate CCD's and resistive gate CCD's. A charge packet replicator/subtractor circuit is discussed.
Tobacco Use among Youth Living and Working in a Tobacco-Producing Region

Abstract The purposes of the study were to (1) describe the prevalence and patterns of smokeless tobacco and cigarette use among adolescents in a high tobacco-production area, and (2) explore the relationship between tobacco use and degree of household involvement in raising tobacco. The subjects were 665 middle and high school students in a tobacco-producing region. Some of the results were: (1) usage rates in this rural county were comparable to or higher than rates reported in other rural areas and were higher than rates reported in suburban and urban areas; (2) high school males from tobacco-raising households (TRH) used tobacco significantly more than those from nonraising households (NRH); for example, 43 percent of the boys from TRH had used cigarettes in the last 24 hours compared to 17.7 percent of those from NRH; (3) boys from TRH who personally raised tobacco had a greater tobacco usage rate than boys from TRH who did not personally raise and boys who came from NRH. This study supports the idea...
OMIP-004: in-depth characterization of human T regulatory cells.

T regulatory cells (Tregs) are a subset of CD4 T cells, which are capable of suppressing immune responses of other T cells. In the peripheral blood of healthy individuals, these constitute approximately 3–5% of CD4 T cells. Tregs have been identified by a number of differing approaches, involving some, or all, of the following marker expressions: CD25high, Forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3), and CD127low (1–3). In the current panel, all of these markers were used, as well as additional markers such as CD39 that have been reported to be associated with high suppressive activity among Tregs (4). Antibodies to identify naive and memory T cells, including CD45RA, CD27, and CD197 (CCR7) have been added to enable classification of Tregs in this manner (5–7). Finally, additional markers for gating (live/dead, CD45, CD3), and for cell activation (CD38, HLA-DR, CD103) were added to this panel (Supporting Information Table 2).
Gastric blood flow and the gastric mucosal barrier

The basic mechanisms underlying cytoprotection of gastrointestinal mucosae against damage are not understood. One hypothesis is that the initial and primary system affected by a cytoprotective agent is the local circulation of the tissue that is being protected. According to this circulatory hypothesis, a cytoprotective prostaglandin would increase gastric mucosal blood flow, thereby ameliorating the effect of topical damaging agents, such as ethanol, aspirin or bile salts. Four questions need to be considered in order to evaluate the circulatory hypothesis: (i) What degree of ischemia is necessary to break the gastric mucosal barrier? (ii) Is peptic ulcer disease due to local ischemia of the mucosa? (iii) Do mucosal damaging agents invariably reduce gastric blood flow? (iv) Do cytoprotective agents invariably increase gastric blood flow? A survey of available literature concerning blood flow and damage to the gastric mucosa suggests that: (i) severe degrees of gastric ischemia are necessary to impair vital functions of the epithelial cells of the stomach; (ii) peptic ulcer disease is not a manifestation of isolated gastric ischemia; (iii) mucosal damaging agents do not invariably reduce gastric blood flow; and (iv) cytoprotective drugs do not invariably increase gastric mucosal blood flow. The weight of available evidence does not support the circulatory hypothesis about the mechanism of cytoprotection.
Children as witnesses: A comparison of lineup versus showup identification methods

The goal of this study was to compare children's and adults eyewitness identification accuracy when presented with an array of possible suspects ('lineup') versus one suspect ('showup'). Kindergarten children and adults were shown a slide show of a staged theft and subsequently asked whether, of the photo or photos shown them, the perpetrator was present or not. Children were more likely than adults to identify the perpetrator correctly when that suspect was present in the lineup or showup. Children were also more likely than adults to make an incorrect identification of another person when the perpetrator's photo was not present in the lineup or showup. Because false positive identification errors are more difficult to detect with the showup than the lineup, use of the showup may be less appropriate with child witnesses than with adults due to children's greater tendency to make positive identifications. Language: en
Fludarabine and cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of refractory or relapsed acute lymphocytic leukemia.

Background. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the antileukemic efficacy and toxicity profiles of the combination of fludarabine and intermediate-dose cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) in refractory or relapsed adult acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Patients and Methods. Thirty adults with refractory or relapsed ALL were treated. Their median age was 45 years, 60% were in second or subsequent relapse, and 37% had Philadelphia chromosome-positive disease. Treatment consisted of ara-C 1 g/m2 during a period of 2 hours daily for 6 days, and fludarabine 30 mg/m2 during a period of 30 minutes daily for 5 days on days 2–6. Fludarabine was given 4 hours before ara-C to increase the rate of ara-C 5′-triphosphate (ara-CTP) accumulation in leukemic cells. Courses were repeated every 3 weeks or longer, depending on patient response and side effects. Results. Nine (30%) patients achieved a complete remission (CR), 8 (27%) died during remission induction, and 13 (43%) had resistant disease. The median CR duration was 22 weeks, and the median survival was 12 weeks for all patients, and 34 weeks for those who had a response to treatment. Except for low platelet counts, which predicted shorter survival time, no other prognostic factors were demonstrated, considering the small number of patients treated. Myelosuppression-associated febrile episodes were the most common side effects, occurring in 28 (93%) patients. Neurotoxicity was noted in two (7%) patients. Conclusions. Fludarabine and ara-C are an active and relatively safe antileukemic combination in refractory or relapsed ALL. Future studies will incorporate other anti-ALL agents, such as topoisomerase II-reactive drugs, to improve the overall efficacy, and growth factors, to reduce myelosuppression-related complications.
"Scallions to you, Dr. Scam"!

HLA typing was performed for 17 antigens on cells from 239 unrelated Caucasians, 24 of whom had latent ischaemic heart disease as shown by abnormal EKG readings after exercise tests. The contingency χ2 test showed a significant increase in the frequency of HLA-B27 in the latter group. Further, the mean serum calcium level was found to be higher in people positive for B27 and lower in people positive for Bw40. These preliminary observations suggest that B27 may be involved in serum calcium metabolism and may be associated with predisposition or resistance to ischaemic heart disease, or resistance to death therefrom. Further studies will be required to differentiate between these possibilities.
Electrooptic studies of biomolecules bound to monodispersed metal hydrous oxide particles

Abstract Transient electric field light scattering studies were carried out on aqueous suspensions of monodispersed, rodlike β-FeOOH particles. Square wave (dc) electric pulses of 50.0-ms duration and varying amplitudes (100–900 V/cm) were applied to the suspensions, and the resulting decay transients were obtained by recording the change in the intensity of the scattered light as a function of time. Similar experiments were performed with the same particles containing adsorbed PO43−, aspartic acid, the enzyme α-chymotrypsin, and salmon sperm DNA. The experimentally measured rotational diffusion coefficients were analyzed in terms of particle dimensions. Relatively large effects in the amplitudes of the scattered light intensity changes are explained on the basis of surface charge modification.