cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bench Evaluation Of Lithographic Lenses From Measurements Of The Point Spread Function

Image quality criteria derived from the point spread function (PSF) are useful for testing lithographic lenses. The Strehl ratio (SR) is a particularly simple and powerful measure of lens quality which is readily accessible from measurements of the PSF. The SR correlates well with traditional figures of merit such as the mean square wavefront aberration and the modulation transfer function. For object dimensions on the order of X/NA, the SR is a direct measure of the field dependent variation of exposure dose caused by lens aberrations. In this sense, the SR connects the lens quality to the final pattern definition in the image recording medium. Experimental aspects of the PSF measurement are emphasized. The lens test bench used to measure the value of the SR through focus and with field position is described. Data showing the PSF, and the field and focus dependence of the SR, are presented for high resolution Hg I-line and G-line lenses.
Image coding using feature map finite-state vector quantization

A vector quantization (VQ) scheme with finite memory called feature map finite-state vector quantization (FMFSVQ) is presented. The FMFSVQ takes advantage of good topological ordering so that the design of state codebooks is simplified. Our FMFSVQ also has no duplication of state codebooks, no synchronization required between encoder and decoder, and a very simple decoder. An adaptive FMFSVQ scheme is also proposed. Experimental results are presented for different super codebook sizes and different state codebook sizes.
Distribution of ganglioside synthetizing enzymes in rat brain: Increased activity of galactosyl but not galactosaminyl transferase in the adult olfactory bulbs

Abstract The enzymes UDP-galactose: G M2 galactosyl transferase and UDP- N -acetyl-galactosamine: G M3 N -acetylgalactosaminyl transferase were assayed in various brain regions of immature or adult rats and in isolated neuronal or glial preparations of immature brains. Activity of G M2 galactosyl transferase in immature brain regions was 2–3 fold higher than in liver. Lower activity was found in the adult except for olfactory bulbs where activity was even higher than in the immature brain. Activity of G M3 N -acetylgalactosaminyl transferase in either immature or adult brain was 2–3 fold higher in cortex than in other regions but was 50–60% lower in the adult. Substantial activity of both enzymes was found in neuronal but not in glial preparations.
Interpreting carbon-isotope excursions: carbonates and organic matter

Abstract Variations in the carbon isotopic compositions of marine carbonate and organic carbon provide a record of changes in the fraction of organic carbon buried through time and may provide clues to changes in rates of weathering and sources of organic carbon. Paired carbonate and organic carbon isotope determinations provide a possibility of interpreting not only changes in the global carbon cycle through time, but changes in atmospheric pCO2 as well. Interpretations of these types of data are typically rather qualitative; a quantitative basis is required to develop a better understanding of changes in the carbon cycle. For this purpose, we employ a simple model of the global carbon cycle which is subjected to a number of different perturbations, each lasting 500 ky, i.e., much longer than the residence times of carbon and phosphorus in the ocean–atmosphere system. In addition to standard considerations of carbon mass and isotopic fluxes to the ocean–atmosphere system from weathering and volcanism and fluxes of organic carbon and carbonate–carbon to sediments, the model incorporates sensitivity of the photosynthetic carbon isotope effect to changes in pCO2. The inclusion of this parameter leads to unexpected carbon isotope responses to forcing that causes increased rates of organic carbon burial. A series of simple to more complex simulations illustrates the significant effects of varying differences between the carbon isotopic composition of sedimented carbonate and organic carbon (ΔB). With constant ΔB a 50% increase in organic carbon burial produces a parallel increase in carbonate and organic carbon isotopic compositions. However, the same simulation with ΔB responsive to pCO2 changes produces an initial parallel δ 13 C increase, but this is followed by an even greater 13 C -enrichment in organic carbon because pCO2 falls in response to increased organic carbon burial. The counterintuitive overall result of the enhanced organic carbon burial event is that the carbonate carbon isotopic composition actually decreases because of the more substantial increase in δ 13 C org . In addition, we illustrate the effects on carbon isotopic compositions of the oceanic inorganic carbon reservoir and buried organic matter of a 50% increase in volcanic CO2 outgassing, a 50% increase in weathering rate (with coupled phosphate and riverine carbon flux responses), a 50% decrease in shale-associated organic carbon weathering, a 50% decrease in silicate weathering rate, and the possible effects of the rise in abundance of C4 plants in the late Miocene to Recent. We compare the model simulated carbon isotopic responses for some of these experiments to paired carbonate- and organic-carbon records to illustrate how these records might be interpreted in light of the model response.
Clinical and Biochemical Manifestations of Hyaluronidase Deficiency

The mucopolysaccharidoses are lysosomal storage disorders caused by a genetic deficiency of enzymes that catalyze the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides). These disorders are clinically variable and commonly associated with mental retardation, short stature, coarse facial features, organomegaly, and an accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in tissues. Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) is one of the major glycosaminoglycans and has a vital role in many physiologic processes.1–4 Genetic deficiencies of most of the lysosomal enzymes that catalyze the degradation of glycosaminoglycans have been identified, with the exception of hyaluronidase, a lysosomal endoglycosidase that catalyzes the degradation of hyaluronan.5–7 We describe the clinical, pathological, . . .
Crafting a Cloning Policy: From Dolly to Stem Cell: Andrea L. Bonnicksen; Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2002, 220 pages

Even since the announcement in 1997 of the birth of Dolly, a lamb who was cloned through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), the possibility of cloning a human being has generated a great deal of...
Effect of Pion-Pion Resonances on π - p Interactions

The production of pi mesons by pi mesons has been reported for energies of 960 Mev and 1 Bev. In one. the pi /sup -/ from the process pi /sup -/ + p yields pi /sup -/ + p + pi /sup 0/ emerges predominantly fast, whereas it is predominantly slow in the other. A possible explanation is given for a model which leaves the interpretation of the first pion spectrum unaltered but which could fit the second spectrum owing to the rapid onset of another process. The ratio of fast to slow pi /sup -/ production is given as limits for T states of 0, 1. and 2. The ratio of the pi + pi /sup -/ reactions to the pi /sup -/ + pi /sup 0/ reactions is given for the case T = 1. (B.O.G.)
Comparative phospholipid profiles of control and glaucomatous human trabecular meshwork.

Purpose We compared phospholipid (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol) profiles of control and glaucomatous trabecular meshwork (TM) derived from human donors. Methods Control TM and most primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) TM were collected from cadaver donors. A select subset of POAG surgical TM samples also were collected for analyses. Lipid extraction was performed using a modification of the Bligh and Dyer method, protein concentrations were determined using the Bradford method, and for select samples confirmed with densitometry of PHAST gels. Lipids were identified and subjected to ratiometric quantification using a TSQ quantum Access Max triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with precursor ion scan (PIS) or neutral ion loss scan (NLS), using appropriate class specific lipid standards. Results The comparative profiles of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphoethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol between control and glaucomatous TM showed several species common between them. A number of unique lipids in all four phospholipid classes also were identified in control TM that were absent in glaucoma TM and vice versa. Conclusions A number of phospholipids were found to be uniquely present in control but absent in glaucomatous TM and vice versa. Compared to a previous study of control and POAG blood, a number of these phospholipids are absent locally (TM), as well as systemically (in blood).
Can Italy Make‐it into the First Division?

Con gli occhi degli altri. Pregi e difetti del proprio paese nell'esperienza di un in‐viato speciale / by Dino Frescobaldi. ‐ Florence: Casa Editrice Le Lettere, 2000. ‐266 p. ‐ISBN 88 7166 518 X L'interesse nazionate. Died stone dell'ltalia net mondo / Maurizlo Molinari. ‐ Bari: Laterza, 2000. ‐ 129 p. ‐ ISBN 88 420 6063 1
POPULATION-BASED EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY OF PSORIASIS WITH EMPHASIS ON QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSMENT

With the changing health care scene in the United States, it is important to have up-to-date epidemiological data with regard to the prevalence of psoriasis in the United States. It is also becoming more important to develop a psychometric instrument that is useful in assessing quality of life issues among psoriasis patients. The Psoriasis Disability Index, which was developed in England, may not be optimally applicable in assessing quality of life issues among psoriasis patients seen by American dermatologists. In this article, the latest nationwide population-based epidemiologic data on psoriasis are presented, along with the use of a new psychometric questionnaire that emphasizes the assessment of quality of life rather than disability.
Fallacies and failures of communication for development: a commentary on Africa south of the Sahara

The continuing economic and social hardships in Africa south of the Sahara cast doubt on the effectiveness of the region's development programs. These hardships occur regardless of the efforts of development specialists to reformulate and reconceptualize development programs to respond to the limitations of earlier development strategies. Therefore, this commentary argues, the region's failed development experiences are not necessarily a consequence of the limitations of communication for development per se, but of two management-related factors: ineffective political leadership and the inherent limitations of the region's strategic development plans.
A Model of Public Sector E-Recruitment Adoption in a Time of Hyper Technological Change

For the past two decades, governments at all levels have increasingly focused their human resources management efforts on developing effective e-recruitment and branding strategies in an environment of hyper technological change. For many public organizations, these efforts have centered on posting essential vacancy announcement information on their institutional employment web sites, but more technologically savvy organizations have rapidly begun to adopt multifaceted and innovative approaches to recruiting new employees through the use of Web 2.0 technologies and third-party e-recruitment networks. While there is a growing body of research documenting the increasing use of these new technologies in the public sector, this article seeks to add to the existing literature by proposing a typological framework of e-recruitment adoption and its impact, using the proposed framework to highlight the e-recruitment efforts of a select group of public employers and discussing the utilization of third-party e-recru...
A Provisional Comparison of Factor Structures Using English, Japanese, and Chinese Versions of the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory:

398 graduate and undergraduate students from the USA, Japan, and Hong Kong were administered Kirton's 1976 Adaption-Innovation Inventory of decision style. Factor analysis yielded different factor solutions for each of the three groups. Differences in factor structures suggest that adaption and innovation may be interpreted differently across cultures, with implications for group performance in cross-cultural settings. When used in cross-cultural research, Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory scores should be assessed not only in terms of between-group differences in mean scores but also in terms of differences in underlying factor structures.
Geochemistry of Natural Gas in Appalachian Province

This paper contains the results of further studies (FOOTNOTE 4) on the variations in the composition and properties of natural gas by geologic and geographic distribution. New data corroborate the composite regional variations previously published.(FOOTNOTE 5) The regional map has been extended to include the gas and oil fields in Canada which lie in the Appalachian Province north of Lake Erie. Well-to-well variations in the composition of the gas in several individual reservoirs are given. Definite relationships exist between the composition of natural gas and associated oil, both areal and quantitative. Numerous samples of near-surface gases and gases from coal seams have been analyzed. A resume of the geologic occurrence of methane, ethane, and higher-boiling saturated compounds, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulphide is given. Also the relationship of these gases to their associated constituents--sand, shale, limestone, coal, water, brine, calcium sulphate--are discussed. The origin, migration, and natural storage of gas and oil are discussed in the light of these data.
Utilizing Bar-Coding Technology to Facilitate Instruction and Communication with Students in Dietetics Classes

Abstract A computer-assisted, comprehensive methodology for assisting the instructor with the management of knowledge and skill transfer was developed using Borland's Paradox for Windows and Delphi development packages. A supporting data base composed of student rosters; course syllabi; class/section-specific learning objectives; study guides; examination, quiz, homework questions and assignments; answer ‘keys' and evaluation responses; and attendance records was designed populated and maintained. Bar-coded student identification labels and evaluation forms facilitate rapid data entry which then facilitates comprehensive feedback to each student. Question/comments submitted on the attendance records are answered personally by the instructor with a paper form of "e-mail" responses returned to the student's individual file folder kept in the classroom. Examination, quiz, and assignment questions consist of laser-printed master copies generated from relevant data sets that address the learning objectives. Each "question." consisting of a single page, can have up to four distinct evaluation criteria with up to five assessment levels within each criteria. The total number of points allocated for the entire question is prorated over the four criteria and additional weighting factors are applied to the assessment levels. In general, the format is designed to support "short essay" answers or problem solving exercises. The printed evaluation form has both a check box and a bar-code for each evaluation/assessment element. By scanning each student's answer sheets with a bar-code reader attached to the PC. the grade is quickly calculated, grade-book entries updated, and an appropriate evaluation response form is generated and returned to the student. Attendance is recorded from slips of paper to which a bar-code student ID label has been attached. Students are encouraged to write questions to the instructor and/or comments about subject matter in the course on the attendance slip. The instructor answers each question/comment individually and returns the response to the student. Student response has been favorable with many students indicating this methodology promoted intense study habits and involvement with course materials.
Synthesis and cross coupling of a highly substituted 2-pyridylboronate: application to the large scale synthesis of a mineralocorticoid antagonist

Abstract The large scale synthesis of functionalized 2-pyridylboronate 8 and optimization of its Suzuki–Miyaura coupling to chloropyrazoline (R)-7 to provide a scalable synthesis of mineralocorticoid antagonist (R)-1 is described.
An Analysis of Deep Ion Implantation for Use in Shielding of Phased Array Circuitry

This paper is an extension of the current research being conducted at the US Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development and Engineering Center. The initial work for this research was presented at the 2004, 2005 and 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conferences in papers titled "Phased Arrays using Dual-Wafer Fabrication / High Integration Processes" (J.C. Rock, 2004), "Integration of Antenna Elements onto Semiconductor Substrates for use in Phased Arrays (J.C. Rock, 2005) "and "Semiconductor Substrates in Phased Arrays -Integration Issues, Challenges and Laboratory Results (J.C. Rock ,2006)". Early surveys of industry and academia to determine the state-of-the-art in phased array systems showed that the major barriers impinging upon continued wafer-level component integration (along with the radiating elements associated with the array) included heat dissipation and thermal management, packaging, shielding of radiation from micro-or nano-electronic circuitry, and quantification of any electromagnetic interactions between radiating elements and the semiconductor substrate. The main purpose of this current analysis is to quantify electromagnetic interactions through a study of the propagation characteristics of plane waves in semiconductor materials. For this paper, we examine the optimum pairing of substrate length and ion implantation doping for use in shielding other semiconductor devices by creating an electromagnetic evanescent area. This will be accomplished through simulation studies and verified in the laboratory using silicon as a sample substrate. An earlier study quantified electromagnetic interactions in bulk semiconductor materials and showed that as conductivity increased, the field decreased substantially as expected. That study is discussed here for clarity and expanded to include multilayer semiconductor wave propagation.
Managing product lines that share a common capacity base

Abstract This paper examines the difficulties of maintaining competitive delivery times on product lines that share a common capacity base. The analysis is derived from a case study of a manufacturing firm producing finished product and service parts at a single plant. A system dynamics simulation model is used to represent production and ordering policies of the firm and its distribution network. Simulation analysis shows that these policies cause demand volatility for the finished product to be converted into supply volatility of service parts, leading to long parts delivery times and loss of service parts market share. To improve the performance of the service parts business, the production of finished product and parts should be decoupled, so the supply of the two product lines becomes independent. The results are discussed for the general multiproduct-line case. A brief report of implementation results is included.
Batch Fabrication and ASE Suppression Issues in Zig-Zag Slabs for Solid State Laser Amplifiers

We show a novel method for the batch fabrication of slabs for zig-zag solid-state laser amplifiers. We also discuss various techniques that we implemented to suppress ASE and dramatically improve the small signal gain.
Concerning the Absurdity of Life

In a recent article1 in this journal, Jonathan Westphal and Christopher Cherry argue that life is not absurd. They criticize Thomas Nagel's theory of absurdity by denying the relevance of the external perspective in which our value-presuppositions are questioned. It seems to me, however, that Westphal and Cherry do not succeed in their argument against Nagel (see section I). But this does not entail that Nagel's argument for absurdity is sound; in fact, Nagel's argument is informally invalid (see section II).
Upper Airway Obstruction General Principles and Selected Conditions in the Dog and Cat

This article presents an overview of the clinical features of upper airway obstructive disorders. It includes more detailed discussions of certain common conditions such as brachycephalic airway syndrome, laryngeal paralysis, and upper airway obstruction due to trauma, foreign bodies, extraluminal masses, and tumours of the larynx and trachea.
Monte Carlo simulations and radiation dosimetry measurements of peripherally applied HDR 192Ir breast brachytherapy D-shaped applicators.

Conformal dose coverage for accelerated partial breast irradiation or radiotherapy boost can be obtained with AccuBoost registered D-shaped brachytherapy applicators using a flattened surface positioned near the patient. Three D-shaped applicators (D45/D53/D60) were dosimetrically characterized using Monte Carlo methods (MCNP5), air ionization chambers (Farmer and Markus), and radiochromic film (GafChromic EBT) in polystyrene and ICRU 44 breast tissue. HDR {sup 192}Ir source dwell times were either constant or optimized to improve skin dose uniformity. Scatter dose decreased as depth decreased. 10 mm beyond the applicator aperture, dose reductions of 90% and 51% were observed at depths of 0 and 30 mm, respectively. Similarly, planar dose uniformity improved as depth decreased and was also due to scatter and applicator geometry. Dose uniformity inside the applicator aperture was approximately 11% and 15% for all three applicators at the skin and 30 mm deep, respectively. Depth dose measurements in polystyrene using ion chamber and radiochromic film agreed with Monte Carlo results within 2%. Discrepancies between film and Monte Carlo dose profiles at 30 mm depth were within 1%.
Effects of 5-fluorouracil on protein synthesis and secretion of the rat parotid gland

100 mg/kg of FU were injected intraperitoneally once daily for three days. Animals were anaesthetized with 50 mg/kg of sodium pentobarbital before cannulation of the parotid duct. The total volume, amylase and protein content of the saliva were determined after stimulation with either 5 mg/kg pilocarpine or 5 mg/kg isoproterenol in FU-treated, pair-fed, and control animals. Saliva from FU-treated animals was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in volume, amylase and protein content than that of both control groups. SDS, anionic and cationic gel electrophoresis of parotid saliva revealed no qualitative changes in the types of proteins secreted. FU reduced the total glandular amylase per unit DNA in both unstimulated and isoproterenol-stimulated parotids (p less than 0.05). Decreased protein synthesis may be the mechanism underlying the depleted secretory protein stores because the contents of isolated secretory granules from experimental glands contained less radiolabelled protein than those of either control group, and whole-gland homogenates had marked reductions in the activities of three lysosomal enzymes and in total RNA content. The secretory granules of experimental animals contained less labelled protein than those of controls, but experimental animals secreted a greater proportion of their total glandular radiolabelled secretory protein into saliva relative to amylase, suggesting that newly synthesized secretory proteins were preferentially secreted.
STUDIES OF THE CHLORIDE TRANSPORT IN THE GASTRIC MUCOSA OF THE FROG

The unidirectional fluxes of Cl- and Na+ across the frog gastric mucosa in vitro were investigated with radioactive isotopes, and related to the secretory and electrical properties of the normal, and metabolically inhibited, mucosa. The flux of Cl- from nutrient to secretory surface of the mucosa was observed to rise sharply with increasing acid secretion, while the corresponding flux of Na+ did not change appreciably. Lowering [NaCl] in the secretory solution caused a proportional drop in the fluxes from secretory to nutrient surface, of both Cl- and Na+. Under the same conditions, the flux of Cl- from nutrient to secretory surface fell by nearly the same amount as did the flux of Cl- in the opposite direction, while the flux of Na+ from nutrient to secretory surface remained essentially unchanged. Electrical and hydrodynamic causes for this observation could be excluded. Metabolic inhibitors, including cyanide, azide, DNP, and anaerobiosis depressed Cl- flux in both directions distinctly below the corresponding values observed with the normal, non-secreting mucosa. At the same time, a decrease in electrical potential difference and conductance was observed under inhibition. The flux of Na+ was little changed by metabolic inhibition. The relationship between fluxes and conductance of Cl- during metabolic inhibition differs markedly from that observed under normal conditions, and is consistent with the view that during metabolic inhibition most of the Cl- moving across the mucosa does so as a free ion. From the above data it is concluded that Cl- is normally transported across the mucosa in combination with a carrier, the supply of which is impaired under metabolic inhibition. According to the behavior of the Na+ flux, the passive permeability of the mucosa appeared to be little affected by the metabolic inhibition applied, but seemed to rise considerably after death of the mucosa, probably due to structural damage.
Fractal fluctuations in gaze speed visual search.

Visual search involves a subtle coordination of visual memory and lower-order perceptual mechanisms. Specifically, the fluctuations in gaze may provide support for visual search above and beyond what may be attributed to memory. Prior research indicates that gaze during search exhibits fractal fluctuations, which allow for a wide sampling of the field of view. Fractal fluctuations constitute a case of fast diffusion that may provide an advantage in exploration. We present reanalyses of eye-tracking data collected by Stephen and Mirman (Cognition, 115, 154–165, 2010) for single-feature and conjunction search tasks. Fluctuations in gaze during these search tasks were indeed fractal. Furthermore, the degree of fractality predicted decreases in reaction time on a trial-by-trial basis. We propose that fractality may play a key role in explaining the efficacy of perceptual exploration.
Judicial Practice at the Court of First Instance Tunis: The Case of Divorce for Harm on the Grounds of Domestic Violence

Abstract Tunisian personal status law is internationally known for its “progressive” character. Nevertheless, it is argued in Tunisian doctrine that judicial practice is characterised by “conservatism,” and that judges apply sharia and “custom” instead of or at least together with legislation. This article examines the practices at the Court of First Instance Tunis in divorce cases where the wife accuses her husband of domestic violence. It is demonstrated that strict evidence requirements applied by judges prevent most women from obtaining divorce for harm ( darar ), a type of divorce that has large financial advantages for the wife. However, the material does not indicate that judges simply apply sharia or “custom”: judges argue that strict evidence requirements are necessary in the light of their experience with numerous false accusations. Moreover, judges do take accusations of domestic violence into consideration in other types of divorce.
The characteristics of a lift cruise fan V/STOL configuration in near proximity to a small deck with finite edge positions

Two V/STOL model configurations utilizing lift-cruise-fans for the propulsion system have been tested in the presence of a small landing platform with finite deck edge positions. Results and analysis of these tests are presented. The model was tested at both static (zero velocity) and forward speed conditions with several heights and deck edge positions. Configurations utilizing three fans and four fans were investigated. Incremental forces and moments induced by the various deck edge positions are analyzed as relating to the model height above the ground and the thrust velocity relationships. The test and analysis show the induced forces to be relatively unaffected by deck edge.
Failure‐to‐thrive is associated with disorganized infant–mother attachment and unresolved maternal attachment

This study provides further evidence for the co-occurrence of atypical patterns of attachment and failure-to-thrive (FTT). Eighty-three children with FTT and 130 normally growing comparison children were seen in Ainsworth's Strange Situation at ages 11 to 32 months. These subjects were highly diverse with respect to social, economic, and ethnic characteristics. Children with FTT were significantly less likely to show secure and more likely to show anxious, disorganized attachments than normally growing comparisons: only 34% of FTTs were secure, while 46% showed disorganized attachments. In contrast, 66% of comparisons were secure and 16% were disorganized. In addition, a subsample of 59 mothers (23 FTT and 36 comparison) were interviewed with the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Mothers of FTTs were more than twice as likely as comparisons (65% versus 22%) to use discourse indicating unresolved loss or trauma. Similarly, mothers of FTTs were less likely to show autonomous (secure) discourse than mothers of well-nourished children (13% versus 58%). There were no differences in infant or adult attachment classifications between organic and nonorganic FTT groups, further discrediting this as a psychologically meaningful distinction. These results support the notion that disturbed patterns of attachment are common in FTT, regardless of the etiology of growth failure. The findings suggest that evaluations and treatments of FTT should address psychological, as well as medical problems in these families. © 2000 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Gravure Printing of ITO Transparent Electrodes for Applications in Flexible Electronics

The possibility to directly pattern indium-tin-oxide (ITO) layers at ambient conditions by printing has many benefits. Printing, being an additive process, would greatly reduce the amount of energy, labor and material used by the current manufacturing processes to deposit and pattern ITO. In this work, gravure printability of ITO nanoparticles on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was studied. A wide range of sheet resistivites and film thicknesses was obtained by varying the specifications of the gravure cells. From the regression analysis of the results, a good estimation of sheet resistivity of the printed films at different gravure cell volumes and aspect ratios (AR) was achieved. The films also showed transparency above 95% in the visible light region. In addition, printed ITO films were assessed for mechanical flexibility and the results compared to commercially available sputtered ITO films on PET. The electrical performance of printed ITO layers was not deteriorated with bending in contrast to the sputtered films. Therefore, printed ITO films can be of great benefit for applications in flexible electronics such as organic photovoltaics (OPV), liquid crystal displays (LCD), organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), touch screens, biosensors and utilization in the field of energy efficiency, especially in buildings.
The effect of quaternary ammonium on discharge characteristic of a non-aqueous electrolyte Li/O2 battery

Abstract The effect of quaternary ammonium on discharge characteristic of Li/O2 cells was studied by using Super-P carbon as air cathode, a 0.2 mol kg−1 LiSO3CF3 1:3 (wt.) PC/DME solution as baseline electrolyte, and tetrabutylammonium triflate (NBu4SO3CF3) as an electrolyte additive or a co-salt. Results show that Li/O2 cells can run normally in an electrolyte with NBu4SO3CF3 as the sole conductive salt. However, such cells suffer lower voltage and capacity as compared with those using the lithium ionic baseline electrolyte. This is due to the larger molar volume of quaternary ammonium cation, which results in less deposition of oxygen reduction products on the surface of carbon. When used as an electrolyte additive or a co-salt, the ammonium is shown to increase capacity of Li/O2 cells. The plot of differential capacity versus cell voltage shows that the Li/O2 cell with ammonium added has broad and scatted differential capacity peaks between the voltages of two reactions of “2Li + O2 → Li2O2” and “2Li + Li2O2 → 2Li2O”. This phenomenon can be attributed to the phase transfer catalysis (PTC) property of quaternary ammonium on the second reaction. Due to inverse effects of the cation geometric volume and the PTC property of ammonium ions on the discharge capacity, there is an optimum range for the concentration of ammonium. It is shown that the addition of NBu4SO3CF3 increases discharge capacity of Li/O2 cell only when its concentration is in a range from 5 mol% to 50 mol% vs. the total of Li/ammonium mixed salt, and that the optimum concentration is about 5 mol%. In this work we show that the addition of 5 mol% NBu4SO3CF3 into the baseline electrolyte can increase discharge capacity of a Li/O2 cell from 732 mAh g−1 to 1068 mAh g−1 (in reference to the weight of Super-P carbon) when the cell is discharged at 0.2 mA cm−2.
Depressive experience and romantic relationships in young adulthood

Szrrnmay.-This study examined the associations benveen two factors of depressive experience (dependency and self-criticism) and satisfaction in adult romantic relationships. The Depressive Experiences Questionnaire, along with measures of actachment and relacionship satisfaction, were administered to 107 men and 140 women attending local community colleges. Self-criticism was associated \vich global relationship distress and sexual dissatisCaction. In a combined regression equation, measures of self-criticism, attachment security, and attachment acrivarion all contributed to predicting general relationship distress. Only scores on self-criticism predicted sexual dissatisfaction. The reladonship dissatisfaction reported by those with high scores on self-criticism appears to be a relational aspect of the "destructi\,eness of per€ecr~onism" described by Blatr. Depressive experience refers to thoughts or feelings that are "frequently associated with depression, but. . . not in their own right symptoms of depression" (Blatt & Zuroff, 1992, p. 533). Two constellations of depressive experience have been identified. Persons who experience dependency-related depression are described as feeling lonely, helpless, or weak, with strong needs for close contact with others. Relying on others for a sense of security, they are disinclined to express anger in relationships and are prone to fear losing the support of others (Blatt & Zuroff, 1992). Persons who experience self-critical depression are prone to feehgs of inferiority or failure. Negative self-evaluations are typical, and they tend to anticipate criticism and disapproval from others. In many instances social behavior is highly compliant, perhaps to ward off anticipated disapproval. At times high self-critics can become harshly critical of others, perhaps reflecting a defensive redirection of their internal criticism into the external environment (Blatt & Zuroff, 1992). With regard to relationships, women scoring high on measures of dependency-related depressive experience place high value on emotional closeness and seek to sustain positive interpersonal relations. They are inched to perceive others as friendly and try to solve conficts through compromise (Blatt & Zuroff, 1992). Women scoring high on measures of self-critical depressive experience tend to be dissatisfied in romantic relationships (Zuroff & de Lorirnier, 1989). They are dsinclined to self-disclosure 'and tend to be dis
Fundamental relationship between the noise properties of grating-based differential phase contrast CT and absorption CT: Theoretical framework using a cascaded system model and experimental validation

Purpose: Using a grating interferometer, a conventional x-ray cone beam computed tomography (CT) data acquisition system can be used to simultaneously generate both conventional absorption CT (ACT) and differential phase contrast CT (DPC-CT) images from a single data acquisition. Since the two CT images were extracted from the same set of x-ray projections, it is expected that intrinsic relationships exist between the noise properties of the two contrast mechanisms. The purpose of this paper is to investigate these relationships. Methods: First, a theoretical framework was developed using a cascaded system model analysis to investigate the relationship between the noise power spectra (NPS) of DPC-CT and ACT. Based on the derived analytical expressions of the NPS, the relationship between the spatial-frequency-dependent noise equivalent quanta (NEQ) of DPC-CT and ACT was derived. From these fundamental relationships, the NPS and NEQ of the DPC-CT system can be derived from the corresponding ACT system or vice versa. To validate these theoretical relationships, a benchtop cone beam DPC-CT/ACT system was used to experimentally measure the modulation transfer function (MTF) and NPS of both DPC-CT and ACT. The measured three-dimensional (3D) MTF and NPS were then combined to generate the corresponding 3D NEQ. Results: Two fundamental relationships have been theoretically derived and experimentally validated for the NPS and NEQ of DPC-CT and ACT: (1) the 3D NPS of DPC-CT is quantitatively related to the corresponding 3D NPS of ACT by an inplane-only spatial-frequency-dependent factor 1/f 2, the ratio of window functions applied to DPC-CT and ACT, and a numerical factor Cg determined by the geometry and efficiency of the grating interferometer. Note that the frequency-dependent factor is independent of the frequency component fz perpendicular to the axial plane. (2) The 3D NEQ of DPC-CT is related to the corresponding 3D NEQ of ACT by an f 2 scaling factor and numerical factors that depend on both the attenuation and refraction properties of the image object, as well as Cg and the MTF of the grating interferometer. Conclusions: The performance of a DPC-CT system is intrinsically related to the corresponding ACT system. As long as the NPS and NEQ of an ACT system is known, the corresponding NPS and NEQ of the DPC-CT system can be readily estimated using additional characteristics of the grating interferometer.
Confusion lines of dichromats

A way has been found to plot the mixture data of a protanope or a deuteranope on a constant luminance mixture diagram to show that the confusion lines are parallel to the line tangent to the red end of the spectrum locus. In the case of a tritanope the confusion lines are parallel to each other on a constant luminance diagram. These constant luminance diagrams are projective transformations of the CIExy diagram. My confusion lines converge close to the copunctal points located by Walraven on the CIE diagram. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Duration of androgen treatment modifies behavioral response to arginine vasotocin in Taricha granulosa.

Abstract Five and eighteen days after surgery, injection of arginine 8-vasotocin (AVT) stimulated clasping behavior in castrated controls (unimplanted or cholesterol-implanted) but not in androgen-implanted, castrated newts (Taricha granulosa). Conversely, AVT injected 33 days after castration increased the incidence of courtship behavior of androgen-implanted males, but not of unimplanted castrates. Plasma androgen concentration of androgen-implanted castrates (as determined by radioimmunoassay) was maintained at a level typical of intact males at the peak of the breeding season. Because the AVT-androgen interaction could occur at the level of the pituitary gland, castrated, androgen-implanted newts were hypophysectomized and injected with AVT. Hypophysectomy did not abolish the behavioral response to AVT.
Enhancing Character Education Through Experiential Drama and Dialogue

Experiential drama is composed of short skits that address various value areas. Issues are drawn from student experiences and are used in the dramatizations, portraying the actual experiences and incidents. Students develop the scenarios and present them to classes, social agencies, school groups, businesses, churches, etc. Does experiential drama have a place in a character education program?
Ion‐implantation effect on time‐dependent breakdown in SiO2

Field emission of positive ions from the meta/SiO2 interface in MOS structures, a failure mechanism in time‐dependent dielectric breakdown, is shown to be controllable by a retarding field through ion implantation near the metal inteface.
Heparin reacts stoichiometrically with thrombin during thrombin inhibition in human plasma

Abstract The thrombin-induced clotting of human plasma is not inhibited by endogenous protease inhibitors (α2-antithrombin, α2-macroglobulin, α1-antitrypsin) even though these inhibitors are present in huge molar excess. However, when heparin is added into the plasma clotting system, the thrombin is instantaneously and stoichiometrically inhibited. Each mole of added heparin causes the immediate inhibition of exactly one mole of thrombin. When a 1:1 molar ratio of heparin:thrombin exists, 100% inhibition of the thrombin occurs. Obviously, heparin interacts with thrombin in a 1:1 molar fashion. We postulate that a 1:1 thrombin-heparin complex reacts rapidly with the excessive amount of α2-antithrombin in plasma (normally 2 × 10−6 M) to result in the inactive termolecular compound:(α2-antithrombin:thrombin:heparin). Therefore, at normal α2-antithrombin levels, the required therapeutic heparin level will be equal to the molar thrombin challenge in the patient.
Beam Transport Results on the Multi-Beam MABE Accelerator

MABE is a multistage, electron beam linear accelerator. The accelerator has been operated in single beam (60 kA, 7 Mev) and multiple beam configurations. This paper deals with the multiple beam configuration in which typically nine ? 25 kA injected beams are transported through three accelerating gaps. Experimental results from the machine are discussed, including problems encountered and proposed solutions to those problems.
Prolonged effects of MK-801 in the cat during focal cerebral ischemia and recovery: Survival, EEG activity and histopathology

Previously we reported an improvement in histological outcome in cats treated with MK-801 shortly after the induction of temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion, and examined after 2 h of ischemia followed by 4 h of reperfusion. This study investigates the prolonged effects of the same drug treatment. Focal cerebral ischemia was produced in 34 cats by temporary occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery for 2 h. Stroke severity was determined using the ratio of the EEG amplitude from the ipsilateral to that of the contralateral hemisphere. Thirty minutes after the onset of ischemia, cats were treated i.v. with either 1 mg/kg MK-801 or saline. Electrocortical activity of the animals who survived were followed for 6 days postocclusion at which point they were sacrificed for histopathological analysis. Twelve of the animals died during recovery, of which 4 were MK-801 treated, and 8 were saline controls. The EEG ratios in the non-surviving animals were more depressed than in the animals that survived, whereas the depression in the EEG amplitude in both the treated and the control surviving animals was equal. Among the survivors no reduction in infarct size with MK-801 treatment was observed. Thus treatment with MK-801 in the middle cerebral artery occlusion model in the cat leads to a significant increase in the rate of survival (P < 0.05), but no prolonged improvement in late histopathology, in contrast with acute histological findings using this model. MK-801 treatment may be shifting the stroke model towards the survival of animals with larger infarcts. Histological recovery during prolonged reperfusion may eliminate the early neuroprotective effects seen with MK-801 treatment.
Acute Type A Aortic Dissection: Surgical Intervention for All: PRO

Acute aortic dissection remains the most common of all aortic catastrophes and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Urgent surgical intervention should be considered in all patients with acute type A aortic dissection. Immediate repair is performed for those who are hypotensive due to rupture and tamponade and who exhibit malperfusion of the coronary, cerebrovascular, visceral, or peripheral arterial systems. Selective delayed management with eventual repair may be assumed in patients with type A intramural hematoma and in those with coma (potential neurologic devastation), assuming that neurologic status improves. Urgent repair should not be precluded in patients presenting with active stroke, older age, and previous cardiac surgery. Ultimately, each patient should be individualized and the decision to intervene left to the surgeon.
The Geometry of the First Non-zero Stekloff Eigenvalue

Let (Mn, g) be a compact Riemannian manifold with boundary and dimensionn⩾2. In this paper we discuss the first non-zero eigenvalue problem \begin{align}\Delta\varphi & = & 0\qquad & on\quad M,\\ \frac{\partial\varphi}{\partial \eta} & = & \ u_1\varphi\qquad & on\quad\partial M.\end{align}\eqno (1) Problem (1) is known as the Stekloff problem because it was introduced by him in 1902, for bounded domains of the plane. We discuss estimates of the eigenvalueν1in terms of the geometry of the manifold (Mn, g). In the two-dimensional case we generalize Payne's Theorem [P] for bounded domains in the plane to non-negative curvature manifolds. In this case we show thatν1⩾k0, wherekg⩾k0andkgrepresents the geodesic curvature of the boundary. In higher dimensionsn⩾3 for non-negative Ricci curvature manifolds we show thatν1>k0/2, wherek0is a lower bound for any eigenvalue of the second fundamental form of the boundary. We introduce an isoperimetric constant and prove a Cheeger's type inequality for the Stekloff eigenvalue.
Independently movable multielectrode array to record multiple fast-spiking neurons in the cerebral cortex during cognition.

Abstract A multiple microelectrode carrier system is described that allows each of 16 microelectrodes in a high-density array to be manipulated in the brain independently by remote control during a cognitive task. Descriptions of the carrier system, advancing techniques, and microelectrode design are presented that allow high-fidelity, extracellular recordings of multiple cerebral cortex neurons with high signal-to-noise ratio and day-to-day repeatability. The motivation for the new carrier system was to provide a method to target multi-microelectrode recordings to a distinct population of fast-spiking neurons in the cerebral cortex during a behavioral task to assess their involvement in selective attention. Recent work using intracellular recording in vitro and single-neuron extracellular recordings in vivo has demonstrated that subpopulations of cortical interneurons can be identified on the basis of their action potential waveform and response to sensory input, and that such interneurons play a fundamental role in generating cortical rhythmicity associated with vigilant wakefulness. A new behavioral paradigm is presented, based on Pavlov’s and Kamin’s classic work on compound conditioning, that permits the electrophysiological patterns of selective attention among neuronal ensembles to be distinguished from those of sensation without attention in a primary sensory cortex. Our approach of multiple, individually guided cerebral cortical recordings in behaving rats during a complex cognitive task is beginning to provide new support for the role of fast cerebral rhythms in selective attention.
Existence of generalized homoclinic orbits for one parameter families of flows

On considere une famille a un parametre de flots engendres par x˙=f(x,λ), ou λ∈ [0,1]. On suppose qu'il existe un ensemble invariant isole, S, qui se continue a travers l'intervalle [0,1], et que l'on connait les matrices de connexion pour x˙=f(x,1) et x˙=f(x,0). On donne des conditions sous lesquelles une decomposition de Morse de S ne peut se continuer a travers [0,1]