cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protection strategies for direct access to virtualized I/O devices

Commodity virtual machine monitors forbid direct access to I/O devices by untrusted guest operating systems in order to provide protection and sharing. However, both I/O memory management units (IOMMUs) and recently proposed software-based methods can be used to reduce the overhead of I/O virtualization by providing untrusted guest operating systems with safe, direct access to I/O devices. This paper explores the performance and safety tradeoffs of strategies for using these mechanisms. The protection strategies presented in this paper provide equivalent inter-guest protection among operating system instances. However, they provide varying levels of intra-guest protection from driver software and incur varying levels of overhead. A simple direct-map strategy incurs the least overhead, providing native-level performance but offering no enhanced protection from misbehaving device drivers within the guest operating system. Additional protection against guest drivers can be achieved by limiting IOMMU page-table mappings to memory buffers that are actually used in I/O transfers. Furthermore, the cost incurred by this limitation can be minimized by aggressively reusing these mappings. Surprisingly, a software-only strategy that does not use an IOMMU at all performs competitively, and sometimes better than, hardware-based strategies while maintaining strict inter-guest isolation.
Proximity Coupled Interdigitated Sensors to Detect Insulation Damage in Power System Cables

Proximity coupled interdigitated sensors are introduced to detect insulation damage in power system cables. A new empirical model for interdigitated sensors with conducting backplane is developed. The validity of this newly proposed model is verified by comparing the results obtained from the new model with simulation and experimental results. It is shown that while the existing models fail to correspond to the simulation and experimental results due to the presence of the conducting backplane, the new model can fairly approximate the effect of the backplane on the sensor performance. A meander and a quarter-circular sensor are designed for insulation damage detection. Measurement results on planar dielectric materials, as well as practical power line cables are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of these sensors. Such sensors placed on microrobots crawling along power cables could lead to the potential autonomous monitoring of an electric power system.
SIMD Packet Techniques for Photon Mapping

We present a novel photon mapping framework that uses single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) parallelism to accelerate the final gathering phase of photon mapping. By using SIMD instructions, four coherent tasks can be computed in parallel using almost the same memory traffic as it would cost to process one task alone. This approach has been very successful for real-time ray tracing, but until now it has been unclear how to effectively apply the same approach to final gathering. Our solution is to use sample-point density estimation instead of k-nearest neighbor density estimation, a technique drawn from reverse photon mapping. Sample-point estimation removes the overheads that make SIMD instructions impractical, while retaining the same benefits and image quality as traditional photon mapping. Additionally, an important question arises whether it is better to use forward or reverse photon mapping. In an interactive context, classical asymptotic algorithmic analysis is not enough to compare the two algorithms. We provide a novel asymptotic bandwidth analysis, which addresses more issues found in practice. The analysis motivates the use of forward photon mapping when using SIMD parallelism as well as partial reordering for improved scalability. The resulting framework can achieve interactive rates for photon mapping at low resolutions, including the time it takes to trace photons and build the photon map.
Analysis and Improvement of Low Frequency Control of Speed-sensorless AC Drive Fed by Three-level Inverter

In induction machine drive without a speed sensor, the estimation of the motor flux and speed often becomes deteriorated at low speeds with low back EMF. Our analysis shows that, in addition to the state resistance variation, the estimated value of field orientation angle is often corrupted by accumulative errors from the integration of voltage variables at motor terminals that have low signal/noise ratio at low frequencies. A repetitive loop path of integration via the feedback path can amplify this type of error, thus speeding up the degradation process. The control system runs into information starvation due to the loss of correct field orientation. The machine's spiral vectors are controlled only in a reduced dimension in this situation. A novel control scheme is developed to improve the control performance of motor's current, torque and speed at low frequencies. The scheme gains a full-dimensional vector control and is less sensitive to the combined effect of the error sources at the low frequencies. Preliminary experimental tests demonstrate promising performance are achievable even below 0.5 Hz
Differences in Performance of Jewish and Non-Jewish Students on the American Council Psychological Examination

(1942). Differences in Performance of Jewish and Non-Jewish Students on the American Council Psychological Examination. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 221-243.
Effects of stimulus-driven synchronization on sensory perception

Background: A subject's ability to differentiate the loci of two points on the skin depends on the stimulus-evoked pericolumnar lateral inhibitory interactions which increase the spatial contrast between regions of SI cortex that are activated by stimulus-evoked afferent drive. Nevertheless, there is very little known about the impact that neuronal interactions – such as those evoked by mechanical skin stimuli that project to and coordinate synchronized activity in adjacent and/or near-adjacent cortical columns – could have on sensory information processing. Methods: The temporal order judgment (TOJ) and temporal discriminative threshold (TDT) of 20 healthy adult subjects were assessed both in the absence and presence of concurrent conditions of tactile stimulation. These measures were obtained across a number of paired sites – two unilateral and one bilateral – and several conditions of adapting stimuli were delivered both prior to and concurrently with the TOJ and TDT tasks. The pairs of conditioning stimuli were synchronized and periodic, synchronized and non-periodic, or asynchronous and non-periodic. Results: In the absence of any additional stimuli, TOJ and TDT results obtained from the study were comparable across a number of pairs of stimulus sites – unilateral as well as bilateral. In the presence of a 25 Hz conditioning sinusoidal stimulus which was delivered both before, concurrently and after the TOJ task, there was a significant change in the TOJ measured when the two stimuli were located unilaterally on digits 2 and 3. However, in the presence of the same 25 Hz conditioning stimulus, the TOJ obtained when the two stimuli were delivered bilaterally was not impacted. TDT measures were not impacted to the same degree by the concurrent stimuli that were delivered to the unilateral or bilateral stimulus sites. This led to the speculation that the impact that the conditioning stimuli – which were sinusoidal, periodic and synchronous – had on TOJ measures was due to the synchronization of adjacent cortical ensembles in somatosensory cortex, and that the synchronization of these cortical ensembles could have been responsible for the degradation in temporal order judgment. In order to more directly test this hypothesis, the synchronized 25 Hz conditioning stimuli that were delivered during the initial TOJ test were replaced with asynchronous non-periodic 25 Hz conditioning stimuli, and these asynchronous conditioning stimuli did not impact the TOJ measures. Conclusion: The results give support to the theory that synchronization of cortical ensembles in SI could significantly impact the topography of temporal perception, and these findings are speculated to be linked mechanistically to previously reported co-activation plasticity studies. Additionally, the impact that such synchronizing conditioning stimuli have on TOJ – which can be measured relatively quickly – could provide an effective means to assess the functional connectivity of neurologically compromised subject populations.
Integrating prior knowledge with a software reliability growth model

The authors describe an application of Ohba's inflection S reliability growth model to an IBM software product consisting of 1200 KLOC. The central theme deals with the management requirement that forecasts be made early in the test cycle when there is little data. A simple brute force Monte Carlo simulation is implemented which utilizes prior knowledge about the total number of failures in the product prior to test. Attention is also given to the decisions made regarding the data to select as input to the model. Scaled forecasts and field results are presented which show reasonably good results. >
Angiotropic (intravascular) large cell lymphoma of T-cell phenotype presenting as acute appendicitis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Abstract We describe a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who presented with acute appendicitis but was found to have angiotropic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) by pathologic examination of the appendectomy specimen, without acute inflammation. Very rare cases of angiotropic large cell lymphoma have been reported in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, and most cases of this rare lymphoma are of B-cell origin, but in this instance immunohistochemical analysis showed a T-cell phenotype.
InGaAs/InAlAs/InP collector-up microwave heterojunction bipolar transistors

Collector-up InGaAs/InAlAs/InP heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) were successfully fabricated, and their DC and microwave characteristics measured. High collector current density operation (J/sub c/>30 kA/cm/sup 2/) and high base-emitter junction saturation current density (J/sub 0/>10/sup -7/ A/cm/sup 2/) were achieved. A cutoff frequency of f/sub t/=24 GHz and a maximum frequency of oscillation f/sub max/=20 GHz at a collector current density of J/sub 0/=23 kA/cm/sup 2/ were achieved on a nominal 5- mu m*10- mu m device. >
A comparison of the Allen Cognitive Level Test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in adults with schizophrenia.

Objective This study examines the relationship among executive function, visuospatial problem solving, and measures of occupational functioning in 33 adult men with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Method Three measures were administered in a one-time assessment session. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was used to measure executive functioning, abstract reasoning, and problem-solving abilities. The Allen Cognitive Level (ACL) Test was used to measure learning, problem solving, and visuospatial abilities. The Routine Task Inventory (RTI) measured the level of performance in activities of daily living. Results Using multiple regression controlling for age, the WCST significantly predicted performance on the ACL the RTI. Perseverative errors on the WCST were negatively correlated with the ACL (r = -.47) and RTI scores (r = -.59). The ACL and RTI were also significantly correlated (r = .67). Conclusion Both the WCST and the ACL are sensitive to similar domains of functioning and are predictive of task performance. The results support the use of the ACL as a quick measure of a person's cognitive and functional abilities.
Cloning and Characterization of Two New Isoforms of the Rat Kidney Urea Transporter UT-A3 and UT-A4

Abstract . Urea transport in the kidney is important for the production of concentrated urine and is mediated by a family of transporter proteins, identified from erythropoietic tissue (UT-B) and from kidney (UT-A). Two isoforms of the renal urea transporter (UT-A) have been cloned so far: UT-A1 and UT-A2. We used rapid amplification of cDNA ends to clone two new isoforms of the rat UT-A transporter: UT-A3 and UT-A4. UT-A3 and UT-A4 are 87% homologous. The UT-A3 cDNA encodes a peptide of 460 amino acids, which corresponds to the amino-terminal half of the UT-A1 peptide and is 62% identical to UT-A2. The UT-A4 cDNA encodes a peptide of 466 amino acids, which is 84% identical to UT-A2. Transient transfection of HEK-293 cells with the UT-A3 or UT-A4 cDNA results in phloretin-inhibitable urea uptake, which is increased by forskolin. Thus, both new isoforms encode functional urea transporters that may be vasopressin-regulated. UT-A3 and UT-A4 mRNA are expressed in the renal outer and inner medulla but not in the cortex; unidentified UT-A isoforms similar to UT-A3 may also be expressed in the testis. It is concluded that there are at least four different rat UT-A urea transporters.
The Changing Misrepresentation of Race and Crime on Network and Cable News

Prior research found that stereotypical media content shapes the perception of racial groups and social policy. Using the UCLA Communication Studies Digital News Archive, we sampled 146 cable and network news programs aired between 2008 and 2012. Findings revealed that Blacks were actually “invisible” on network news, being underrepresented as both violent perpetrators and victims of crime. However, Whites were accurately represented as criminals. Moreover, Latinos were greatly overrepresented as undocumented immigrants while Muslims were greatly overrepresented as terrorists on network and cable news programs. The implications of these findings are contextualized using the “guard dog” media coverage theory, structural limitations/economic interest of media, ethnic blame discourse, and the community philanthropy perspective.
Surgical Treatment for the Painful, Stable Sacroiliac Joint: What Does the Literature Tell Us?

Low back pain (LBP) represents the second most common cause of visits to primary care physicians with the loss of productivity, income, and associated medical expenses resulting in a $60 billion expenditure in the US on an annual basis. The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) has been identified as one of the causes of LBP 15–30 % of the time at the initial office visit. The SIJ is a true synovial joint that primarily handles forces between the spine and pelvis. In its normal state, the SIJ gains all of its stability from numerous associated ligamentous structures and its undulating oblique structure that allows it to withstand significant loads under normal physiologic conditions.
H.L.T. Quan's Growth Against Democracy and the Color of Accumulation: African Americans Caught in the Crossfire between Third Wave of Black Politics and Neoliberalism in the 21st Century

This paper will examine efforts by African Americans to pursue life, liberty, and happpiness in the American Empire from the Civil War/Reconstruction era, the New Negro/Great Migration, the Civil Rights/Black Power era to Harold Washington/Economic New jacks culminating in Barack Obama and the Crisis in Neoliberalism. I will employ H.L.T. Quan Savage Developmentalism framework to examine why African Americans have failed to examine how improbable it has been for African Americans to acquire wealth in the American Empire and why accumulation remains based on color eeven with a black president.
Quantification of Bacillus thuringiensis Insect Control Protein Cry1Ac Over Time in Bollgard Cotton Fruit and Terminals

A sensitive quantitative bioassay was developed for the measurement of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner α-endotoxin, CrylAc, in Bollgard cotton plant tissue. Cotton tissue samples were evaluated in a sensitive Heliothis virescens (F.) growth inhibition bioassay, with Cry1Ac levels being quantified by comparison with concurrently run concentration-response curves using purified Cry1Ac protein. The assay was amenable to large numbers of samples, used small amounts of plant tissue, and avoided some of the concerns associated with immunobased quantitative assays. Field studies were conducted during the 1995 growing season in which Cry1Ac levels were quantified in the Bollgard cotton line 531 (in Coker 312 background). Analyses were conducted to test for the effects of environment (field site differences), plant age, and tissue type on Cry1Ac concentrations. The small foliage of main terminals and the primary, or proximal, fruiting structure from node 9 (9th main stem branch from the bottom of the plant) were sampled at various intervals throughout the growing season at 6 field sites. Mean CrylAc levels in terminals and fruiting tissue differed significantly, with terminal foliage levels higher than node 9 fruit. Within each tissue type, significant differences among sites were also seen, suggesting environmental influence on either CrylAc production or stability. Mean Cry1Ac values in fruiting structures declined significantly from 57.1 μg/g dry weight at 53 d after planting to 6.7 μg/g at 116 d after planting. Mean terminal Cry1Ac levels also declined significantly from 163.4 μg/g to 34.5 μg/g at 53 d after planting and 116 d after planting, respectively. In general, Cry1Ac levels in the fruit and terminals of Bollgard cotton declined steadily as the growing season progressed, with greater activity always occurring in the terminal foliage.
Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe One Hundred Years On

In the twenty years since communism’s collapse, scholars of postcommmunist Central and Eastern Europe have increasingly converged on the insight that long-run continuities reaching back to the nineteenth century are crucial in shaping some of the most important contemporary macro- and micro-level political outcomes in the region. Today’s political cleavages, political discourses, patterns of partisan affiliation, institutional choice, and the quality of democracy itself all appear to correlate to a remarkable degree with patterns from the “deep past.” To date, social scientists, however, have not sufficiently reflected on what might explain this finding and how to study the impact of the general phenomenon of the long-run in the region. This article makes two contributions. First, we contend that in general, long-run continuities may ironically be more important in contexts of discontinuous institutional change such as in Central and Eastern Europe since frequent institutional disjunctures paradoxically o...
Magic Size Au64(S-c-C6H11)32 Nanocluster Protected by Cyclohexanethiolate

We report a new magic-sized gold nanocluster of atomic precision formulated as Au64(S-c-C6H11)32. The Au64 nanocluster was obtained in relatively high yield (∼15%, Au atom basis) by a two-step size-focusing methodology. Obtaining this new magic size through the previously established “size focusing” method relies on the introduction of a new synthetic “parameter”—the type of protecting thiolate ligand. It was found that Au64(S-c-C6H11)32 was the most thermodynamically stable specie of the cyclohexanethiolate-protected gold nanoclusters in the size range from ~5k to 20k (where, k = 1000 dalton); hence, it can be selectively synthesized through a careful control of the size-focusing kinetics. The Au64 nanocluster is the first gold nanocluster achieved through direct synthesis (i.e., without postsynthetic size separation) in the medium size range (i.e., ∼40 to ∼100 gold atoms). This medium-sized Au64(S-c-C6H11)32 exhibits a highly structured optical absorption spectrum, reflecting its discrete electronic sta...
THEORY OF DIELECTRIC ELASTOMERS

In response to a stimulus,a soft material deforms,and the deformation provides a function.We call such a material a soft active material(SAM).This review focuses on one class of soft active materials:dielectric elastomers.When a membrane of a dielectric elastomer is subject to a voltage through its thickness,the membrane reduces thickness and expands area,possibly straining over 100%.The dielectric elastomers are being developed as transducers for broad applications,including soft robots,adaptive optics,Braille displays,and electric generators.This paper reviews the theory of dielectric elastomers,developed within continuum mechanics and thermodynamics,and motivated by molecular pictures and empirical observations.The theory couples large deformation with electric potential,and describes nonlinear and nonequilibrium behaviors,such as electromechanical instability and viscoelasticity.The theory enables the finite element method to simulate transducers of realistic configurations,predicts the efficiency of electromechanical energy conversion,and suggests alternative routes to achieve giant voltage-induced deformation.It is hoped that the theory will aid in the creation of relevant materials and devices.
Medical procedures as a source of trauma.

Many medical procedures, while necessary and appropriate, may be experienced by a child or adolescent as a trauma, with the medical personnel considered as perpetrators in collusion with the parents. The medical procedures and the conditions requiring them are seldom the focus of routine history-taking or therapeutic process. Nevertheless, the long-range effects of these events may have serious and adverse effects on future development and psychopathology. The author presents several clinical examples. (Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 59[2], 191-204
[Chronic toxicity of 97% isopropyl thioxanthone in rat by oral administration for 2 years].

Objective To study the oral chronic toxicity of 97% isopropythioxan-thone (97%ITX) in rats, determine the no-observed adverse effect levels (NOAEL). Methods Four groups of rats were fed with foodstuff containing 97%ITX in the dosage of 1000.0,250.0,62.5 mg/kg respectively for 2 years. The general behvior,body weight, food availability ect. were observed during the experiment. At the end of the experiment,blood and urine samples were collected for routine and biochemical assays.The interual organs were taken for calculating their organ coefficients and histopathological examinations. Results During the experimental period,no obvious abnormality were found in the experimental animals.The body weight and the total food availability rate in the high dosage group of male were lower than that of control (P<0.05). Hematology examination showed that the quantity of Hb and RBC in high dosage groups of both the male and female and Hb in the male middle group were all lower than the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Analysis of correlation indicated that r=-0.433, P<0.01 in male, r=-0.337, P<0.01 in famale of Hb; r=-0.266, P<0.05 in male, r=-0.317, P<0.01 in famale of RBC. There were obviously negative correlation. Serum biochemistry examination showed the concentration of CHO in the high and middle dosage treated rats of male and famale were higher than that of the control (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Analysis of correlation indicated that r=-0.497, P<0.01 in male, r=0.417, P<0.01 in famale. No abnormality were found in urine examination. The organ weight and organ coefficient such as liver, were higher than control group(P<0.01). The result of histopathological examinations displayed that the renal tubule Cast and the tubulointerstitial nephritis in the treated groups were higher than that of control group(P<0.01). Conclusion 97%ITX could obviously interfere with the animals' physical condition, and reduce the number of RBC and the concentration of Hb in the blood, interact metabolism of iipoid and induce the concentration of CHO in the serum. The livers of the treated rats are compensatorily enlarged. And kidneys of the poisoning animals are damaged. The 2 years oral NOAEL of 97%ITX in rats are more than 4.63 mg/kg for female rats, and larger than 4.06 mg/kg for male rats. Key words: Organic chemicals; Anthraquinones; Toxicity tests; Administration, oral
Patterns of resource allocation among five herbaceous perennials

GROSS, K. L., T. BERNER, E. MARSCHALL, AND C. TOMCKO, (Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH 43210. Patterns of resource allocation among five herbaceous perennials. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 110: 345-352. 1983.-Five species of fall-flowering, herbaceous perennial composites (Aster and Solidago spp.) growing in two habitats, a 10-15 year-old field and an adjacent woods in central Ohio, were compared. Analysis of the allocation patterns of these species, calculated both on the basis of total and above-ground weight, indicated significant differences in the allocation patterns of the old field versus woods species (habitat effect) and significant differences between the two genera (genus effect). The old field species, Solidago altissima, S. nemoralis, and Aster pilosus, allocated a significantly greater proportion of their biomass to flowering structures (18.6% vs. 7.9%) and stem (42.5% vs. 32.3%) than the woods species, S. caesia and A. lateriflorus. Both woods species produced rhizomes and allocated a significantly greater proportion of their total biomass to below-ground structures (roots and rhizomes) than the old field species (37.2% vs. 19.8%). In both habitats, the Solidago species allocated a greater proportion of their biomass to reproductive structures than the Aster species (17.3% vs. 9.6%); whereas, the Aster species consistently allocated proportionately more biomass to stem (44.5% vs. 34.3%). The influence of both habitat and morphological constraints on the observed differences in allocation schemes in these species are discussed.
Ethical Considerations in Development of Future Therapies for Women and Children

Translational toxicology has the potential to equip healthcare providers with new strategies to address health effects from exposure to toxic agents, especially for women. Yet in many cases, the existence of developmental milestones is coextensive with vulnerability, such that these populations merit special protections when it comes to their participation in the very research that would yield these strategies. This chapter reviews the ethical considerations and regulatory limitations that obtain to these groups of research participants and then applies these considerations to the fundamental concepts in translational toxicology. The focus of this chapter is the development of future therapies. First, the chapter reviews the criteria for what makes research ethical, and then describes the ethical and regulatory considerations that attach to the kinds of projects necessary for the development of future therapies in translational toxicology. Following this, the chapter details considerations unique to each experimental strategy (prevention, mitigation, and reversal), and finally includes several general ethical considerations for the discipline as a whole.
IncHI2 Plasmids Are Predominant in Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella Isolates.

The wide usage of antibiotics contributes to the increase in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella. Plasmids play a critical role in horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance markers in Salmonella. This study aimed to screen and characterize plasmid profiles responsible for antibiotic resistance in Salmonella and ultimately to clarify the molecular mechanism of transferable plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance. A total of 226 Salmonella isolates were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility by a disk diffusion method. Thirty-two isolates (14.2%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic. The presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes and β-lactamase genes were established by PCR amplification. PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) revealed that these 32 isolates represented seven plasmid incompatibility groups (IncP, HI2, A/C, FIIs, FIA, FIB, and I1), and the IncHI2 (59.4%) was predominant. Antibiotic resistance markers located on plasmids were identified through plasmid curing. Fifteen phenotypic variants were obtained with the curing efficiency of 46.9% (15/32). The cured plasmids mainly belong to the HI2 incompatibility group. The elimination of IncHI2 plasmids correlated with the loss of β-lactamase genes (blaOXA-1 and blaTEM-1) and PMQR genes (qnrA and aac(6’)-Ib-cr). Both IncHI2 and IncI1 plasmids in a S. enterica serovar Indiana isolate SJTUF 10584 were lost by curing. The blaCMY-2-carrying plasmid pS10584 from SJTUF 10584 was fully sequenced. Sequence analysis revealed that it possessed a plasmid scaffold typical for IncI1 plasmids with the unique genetic arrangement of IS1294-△ISEcp1-blaCMY-2-blc-sugE-△ecnR inserted into the colicin gene cia. These data suggested that IncHI2 was the major plasmid lineage contributing to the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella and the activity of multiple mobile genetic elements may contribute to antibiotic resistance evolution and dissemination between different plasmid replicons.
Clinical Outcomes of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) Patients According to FLT3 Mutation Status

Abstract Abstract 2689 Introduction: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a distinct subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) characterized by promyelocytes in the blood and bone marrow, coagulopathy, and characteristic translocation between chromosomes 15q22 and 17q21. Internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations within the FMS-like tyrosine kinase receptor (FLT3) are found in approximately 30% of patients with APL. While cytogenetically normal AML patients with ITD mutations (especially with high ratio of mutant: WT allele) have a poorer prognosis due to high relapse rate, the prognostic value of ITD in APL is debated. We analyzed the clinical outcome of patients with APL to determine the relationship between FLT3 receptor status and prognosis. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all adult APL patients Results and Discussion: We identified a total of 26 patients with APL for whom FLT3 mutation status was known. There were 13 patients with wtFLT3, 9 with ITD (1 also had TKD), and the remaining 4 had an isolated TKD mutation. Of the 13 patients with wt FLT3APL, 4 had prior chemotherapy and/or radiation. No patients in the FLT3ITD APL or FLT3TKD APL groups had prior chemotherapy or radiation. As we had only 4 patients had an isolated FLT3TKD mutation, we restricted our analyses to patients who had either wt FLT3 or FLT3ITD+/− TKD. Of the wtFLT3 APL patients, 9/13 were enrolled and treated on CALGB 9710. Of the remaining 4 patients, two were treated according to the PETHEMA regimen, one with a history of breast cancer and significant anthracycline exposure was treated with ATRA and AsO3, and the last patient died before therapy could be initiated. Of the 9 patients with FLT3ITD APL, 5 were treated on CALGB 9710, 2 were treated according to 9710 but off protocol, and 2 with the PETHEMA regimen. Baseline clinical characteristics were similar between the two groups including CR rates [92 (12/13) versus 100% (9/9) for wt and ITD, respectively]. Patients with the ITD had a lower fibrinogen at presentation than those with wt (103 vs. 235 mg/dl, p=.04). While patients with ITD appeared to have a higher WBC, it was not statistically significant (p=.1). However, patients with ITD had an inferior DFS compared to wt (Figure 1) (p=.01) while there was no significant difference in OS between the two groups (p=.39). Of the 5 patients with ITD who relapsed, 3 received AsO3 reinduction and autologous SCT, 1 with CNS recurrence received myeloablative allogeneic SCT, and the fifth died in relapse without treatment. The observation that FLT3ITD APL patients have a reduced DFS raises the possibility that APL therapy may be improved for this group of patients, possibly by incorporating FLT3 inhibitors. Download : Download high-res image (94KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure 1. . DFS of patients with FLT3ITD-APL compared to wt FLT3-APL. Disclosures: DeAngelo: Deminimus: Consultancy. Stone: Novartis: Consultancy.
Evolution of Concepts in Flexor Tendon Surgery of the Hand

Recovering function after a tendon injury to the hand continues to remain a challenge in clinical practice. Although suturing the two ends of a severed tendon may seem to be the most intuitive method today, tendon lacerations have been controversial for two centuries. Various researchers in both clinical and experimental fields have held contrasting views on all aspects of tendon injuries, from physiology of the normal tendon and its response to injury to the timing and technique of repair and subsequent mobilization. This chapter aims to present a historical timeline of evolving concepts of tendon surgery to provide insight into the parallel development of experimental research and surgical techniques that are behind the current fundamental principles of tendon surgery.
Damping control for power systems using energy storage

This paper proposes a controller for energy storage (ES) to improve damping of power system oscillation. The controller manages charge and discharge of an ES device to respond to the real-time frequency deviation measured locally to provide positive damping effects. The expected damping ratio improvement from an ES equipped with this controller is derived mathematically from a single-machine-infinite-bus system considering different placements of the ES. Then, the ES with this new controller is tested on both the Kufndur's two-area power system and the WECC 179-bus system to damp a targeted oscillation mode. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Dynamic Shading in Buildings: a Review of Testing Methods and Recent Research Findings

The use of dynamically operated shading has been shown to provide energy savings and occupant visual and thermal comfort needs. As the literature in this area continues to grow, including development and evaluation of a range of shading devices, control strategies, and simulation and experimental test methods, a review is merited to assess the current state of the art. While roller shades and venetian blinds are most common, there are a growing number of additional shading types considered, as well as more complex control logic, some of which directly integrates occupant feedback. In addition, the majority of dynamic shading evaluation continues to be through simulation-based methods; however, there is an increasing amount of research using experimental methods. Some research has also explored combination simulation and experimental methods to simplify the number of sensors needed and associated complexity. Improvements to control logic and ranges of test scenarios continue; however, there is still significant need for further studies in this area.
A Fragile Optimism: Writing Liminality and Hybridity in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries

Leslie Allison’s introduction to Part III charts a brief history of American women writers’ thematic engagement with liminality and hybridity in literary works from the early twentieth century to 2013. Placing the section’s essays in conversation with writers such as Kate Chopin and Nella Larsen, Allison demonstrates that hybridity and liminality have been defining concepts of twentieth- and twenty-first-century women’s writing. Writing both about and from places of hybridity and liminality, twentieth- and twenty-first- century women writers engage with questions of identity, globalization, immigration, and state surveillance in their works. In turn, without dismissing literature’s limitations, contemporary American women writers offer a vision of literature as a tool for social transformation.
Sup18O(p,t)16O reaction at 90 MeV

Differential cross sections and analyzing powers were measured for the /sup 18/O(p-arrow-right,t)/sup 16/O reaction at 90 MeV. The angular distributions for six triton groups are compared with calculations performed in the zero-range and finite-range distorted wave Born approximation. The present results were augmented by data available in the literature in order to study the excitation function sigma(T-italic/sub p-italic/) for the J-italic/sup ..pi../ = 2/sup +/ state at E-italic/sub x-italic/ = 9.85 MeV over the range of T-italic/sub p-italic/ = 20 to 90 MeV in comparison with distorted wave Born approximation calculations.
An Unwanted Passenger

A Caucasian female, 36-year-old, became unwell and jaundiced over a period of 2 weeks. Her bilirubin was 400 μmol/l; AST 848 iu/l; INR 2.99 (norm. 0.9–1.2). Plasma ammonium ranged between 115 and 185 μmol/l (normal, <40 μmol/l). Three days later (day 0), she received right liver lobe auxiliary transplant from a cadaveric donor. On day 8, she was discharged from intensive care unit; her hemoglobin was 8.2 g/dl, and the bilirubin 162 μmol/l. On day 10, bilirubin was 294 μmol/l; hemoglobin decreased to 6.1 g/l, without signs of acute hemorrhage. The ward staff requested two units of red cells.
Compensatory renal hypertrophy. II. During contralateral hydronephrosis. An experimental study in dogs.

Compensatory renal hypertrophy and hyperfunction during contralateral chronic hydronephrosis was investigated. It was found that graded impairment of the function in hydronephrotic kidneys causes proportional compensatory hypertrophy and hyperfunction in the contralateral kidney. The functional pattern both “per kidney” and “per nephron” was the same in the kidneys investigated here and in kidneys where contralateral nephrectomy had been performed, but whereas a decreased ability to concentrate the urine maximally and to reabsorb sodium was encountered in the latter, this could not be detected in this study. On the other hand, a decreased COSM in the diseased kidney did not stimulate a corresponding increase in the contralateral kidney as did unilateral nephrectomy. Adaptive and growth dependent changes in compensatory renal hypertrophy are discussed.
Practice Environment Characteristics Associated With Missed Nursing Care.

PURPOSE To examine which characteristics of the practice environment were associated with missed nursing care in U.S. acute care hospital units. DESIGN A descriptive, correlational study used secondary analysis of the 2015 National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators® Registered Nurse (RN) Survey data. Subscales of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index were used to measure practice environment characteristics. The sample included 1,583 units in 371 hospitals, containing survey responses from 31,650 RNs. METHODS Multilevel logistic regression was performed to estimate the effects of the practice environment characteristics on missed care, controlling for hospital and unit characteristics. RESULTS About 84.1% of unit RNs reported missing at least one of the 15 necessary care activities. Good environment units had 63.3% significantly lower odds of having RNs miss care activities than poor environment units. Units had 81.5% lower odds of having RNs miss any necessary activities with 1 point increase of the staffing and resource adequacy score; 21.9% lower odds for 1 point increase in the nurse-physician relations score; and approximately 2.1 times higher odds with 1 point increase in the nurse participation in hospital affairs score. CONCLUSIONS Good environments were significantly associated with lower levels of missed care. The impact on missed care differed by the characteristics of the practice environment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Hospital and nursing administrators should maintain good practice environments for nurses to reduce missed care activities and thus potentially improve patient outcomes. Specifically, their efforts should be targeted on improving staffing and resource adequacy and nurse-physician relations and on reducing workloads on hospital affairs.
Fokker-Planck equation for lattice vibration: Stochastic dynamics and thermal conductivity

We propose a Fokker-Planck equation (FPE) theory to describe stochastic fluctuation and relaxation processes of lattice vibration at a wide range of conditions, including those beyond the phonon gas limit. Using the time-dependent, multiple state-variable probability function of a vibration FPE, we first derive time-correlation functions of lattice heat currents in terms of correlation functions among multiple vibrational modes, and subsequently predict the lattice thermal conductivity based on the Green-Kubo formalism. When the quasiparticle kinetic transport theories are valid, this vibration FPE not only predicts a lattice thermal conductivity that is identical to the one predicted by the phonon Boltzmann transport equation, but also provides additional microscopic details on the multiple-mode correlation functions. More importantly, when the kinetic theories become insufficient due to the breakdown of the phonon gas approximation, this FPE theory remains valid to study the correlation functions among vibrational modes in highly anharmonic lattices with significant mode-mode interactions and/or in disordered lattices with strongly localized modes. At the limit of weak mode-mode interactions, we can adopt quantum perturbation theories to derive the drift/diffusion coefficients based on the lattice anharmonicity data derived from first-principles methods. As temperature elevates to the classical regime, we can perform molecular dynamics simulations to directly compute the drift/diffusion coefficients. Because these coefficients are defined as ensemble averages at the limit of $\ensuremath{\delta}t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$, we can implement massive parallel simulation algorithms to take full advantage of the paralleled high-performance computing platforms. A better understanding of the temperature-dependent drift/diffusion coefficients up to melting temperatures will provide new insights on microscopic mechanisms that govern the heat conduction through anharmonic and/or disordered lattices beyond the phonon gas model.
Marvel, DC, and Sport: Investigating Rivalry in the Sport and Comic Settings

Objective The current article empirically investigated differences in fandom and rivalry between fans of a sport team and fans of the Marvel or DC comic brands. Methods An online survey was distributed to fans of a sport team and/or the comic genre to measure how fans identified with their favorite brands (both sport and comics), and how they felt toward their rival brands. Results Results illustrated that sport fans reported higher identification with their favorite teams than did fans of Marvel or DC toward their favorite brands. Additionally, fans of sport reported more negative perceptions of their rival teams than fans of the comic genre. Finally, people who were fans of both a sport team and the comic genre were more positive regarding their rival than fans who were a fan of only a sport team or the comic genre. Conclusion Theoretical implications include support for the measures in a nonsport setting along with support for the common in‐group model. Practical implications deriving from the findings are discussed, and avenues for future research are presented.
The Efficacy of Arthroscopic Simulation Training on Clinical Ability: A Systematic Review.

Purpose To examine the effect of arthroscopic simulator training on technical performance in a human model. Methods A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Literature searches of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were conducted using combinations of the terms virtual, digital, computer, reality, simulation, arthroscopy, training, learning, and education. Studies were considered for inclusion if they tested the effect of arthroscopic simulator training in a randomized controlled fashion, performed testing in a cadaver or live patient, and used explicit outcome measures of technical skill. Data from studies were extracted and study characteristics and outcomes were reviewed. The primary outcome measure was the number of studies in which the simulation trained group had significantly improved performance results relative to the control group in ≥50% of all measured outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed with Cochrane’s Collaboration Tool. Results Twelve studies, including 340 total study participants, were included for review. Eight studies showed improved performance of the simulation trained group relative to the control group in ≥50% of assessed outcomes. Six of ten studies reporting completion time, three of six studies reporting task checklist completion, 3 of 7 studies reporting global rating scales, and 1 of 4 studies reporting Arthroscopic Surgical Skill Evaluation Tool scores showed improved performance of the simulation group relative to the control group for the respective outcome measures. Conclusions The literature is limited due to heterogeneity, both in type and merit, of the outcome measures that have been used to assess the transfer validity of arthroscopic simulator training to clinical performance. Despite the limitations of the literature, this review demonstrates that arthroscopic simulator training has potential to improve clinical performance. Level of Evidence II, systematic review of Level II studies.
Effect of CNG start - gasoline run on emissions from a 3/4 ton pick-up truck

This paper describes experiments to determine the effect on exhaust emissions of starting on compressed natural gas (CNG) and then switching to gasoline once the catalyst reaches operating temperature. Carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, and detailed exhaust hydrocarbon speciation data were obtained for dedicated CNG, then unleaded gasoline, and finally CNG start - gasoline run using the Federal Test Procedure at 24{degree}C and at -7{degree}C. The results was a reductiopn in emissions from the gasoline baseline, especially at -7{degree}C. It was estimated that CNG start - gasoline run resulted in a 71 percent reduction in potential ozone formation per mile. 3 refs., 6 figs., 11 tabs.
Partitioning of CO(2) Fixation in the Colonial Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa: Mechanism Promoting Formation of Surface Scums.

Constraints on inorganic carbon (C i ) availability stimulated buoyancy in natural, photosynthetically active populations of the colonial blue-green alga (cyanobacterium) Microcystis aeruginosa. In nonmixed eutrophic river water and cultures, O 2 evolution determinations indicated C i limitation of photosynthesis, which was overcome either by CO 2 additions to the aqueous phase or by exposure of buoyant colonies to atmospheric CO 2 . Microautoradiographs of M. aeruginosa colonies revealed partitioning of 14 CO 2 fixation and photosynthate accumulation between peripheral and internal cells, particularly in large colonies. When illuminated colonies were suspended in the aqueous phase, peripheral cells accounted for at least 90% of the 14 CO 2 assimilation, whereas internal cells remained unlabeled. However, when 14 CO 2 was allowed to diffuse into colonies 15 min before illumination, a more uniform distribution of labeling was observed. Resultant differences in labeling patterns were most likely due to peripheral cells more exclusively utilizing CO 2 when ambient C i concentrations were low. Among colonies located at the air-water interface, internal cells showed an increased share of photosynthate production when atmospheric 14 CO 2 was supplied. This indicated that C i transport was restricted in large colonies below the water surface, forcing internal cells to maintain a high degree of buoyancy, thus promoting the formation of surface scums. At the surface, C i restrictions were alleviated. Accordingly, scum formation appears to have an ecological function, allowing cyanobacteria access to atmospheric CO 2 when the C i concentration is growth limiting in the water column. Images