cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Purification of bovine liver rhodanese by low-pH column chromatography.

We report a purification of bovine liver rhodanese (thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtransferase, EC 2.8.1.1) using column chromatography under conditions that take advantage of recent information regarding the structure and stability of this enzyme. At low pH (e.g., pH 4-6), rhodanese is stabilized against inactivation processes. By maintaining rhodanese at low pH, column chromatography, and especially ion-exchange chromatography, becomes practical, without loss of enzymatic activity. A purification method involving the sequential use of cation-exchange, size-exclusion, and hydrophobic-interaction chromatography was developed, and rhodanese was purified with good yield to electrophoretic purity and high specific activity. Previous methods for purifying bovine liver rhodanese employ repeated ammonium sulfate fractionations and crystallization of the rhodanese. In these methods, it is difficult to separate rhodanese from yellow-brown contaminants in the final stages of the procedures. Here, yellow-brown contaminants, which copurify with rhodanese on the first two columns, are completely resolved by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. This method can be readily scaled up, requires no special equipment, eliminates the variability inherent in previous methods, and is less dependent upon experience.
Extrinsic projections from area CA1 of the rat hippocampus: olfactory, cortical, subcortical, and bilateral hippocampal formation projections.

Hippocampal area CA1 provides the major cortical output of the hippocampus, but only its projections to the subiculum and lateral septal nucleus are well characterized. The present study reexamines these extrinsic projections by using anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques. Injections of the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) in the septal one-third of CA1 label axons and terminals in subicular, postsubicular, retrosplenial, perirhinal, and entorhinal cortices, lateral septal nucleus, and diagonal band of Broca. The septal CA1, injections also label terminal fields in contralateral CA1, and in contralateral subicular, postsubicular, perirhinal, and entorhinal cortices. Injections into the splenial one-third of CA1 label axons and terminals in subiculum, postsubiculum, ventral area infraradiata, and lateral septal nucleus, but they do not label axons and terminals on the contralateral side of the brain. Injections in the temporal one-third of CA1 label axons and terminals in subicular, parasubicular, entorhinal, and infraradiata cortices, anterior olfactory nucleus, olfactory bulb, lateral septal nucleus, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and hypothalamus. The temporal CA1 injections label no axons on the contralateral side of the brain. These data demonstrate that CA1 has more widespread projections than previously appreciated, and they provide the first clear evidence that CA1 projects to the contralateral cortex and to the ipsilateral olfactory bulb, amygdala, and hypothalamus. The results also demonstrate a heterogeneity in the efferent projections originating in different septotemporal levels of CA1.
A randomized trial of three renal transplant induction antibodies: early comparison of tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and steroid dosing, and newer immune-monitoring.

Background New trends in immunosuppression in clinical transplantation include the use of antibody induction agents in protocols that emphasize reduction or avoidance of steroids and calcineurin inhibitors. Methods In a randomized trial using three different antibody induction agents in 90 first renal transplant recipients from cadaver donors, group A received Thymoglobulin, group B received Alemtuzumab, and group C received Daclizumab. Maintenance immunosuppression included tacrolimus and mycophenolate in all three arms, and methylprednisolone in groups A and C only (standard clinical institutional practice). The targeted trough level of tacrolimus was between 8 and 10 ng/mL for groups A and C, respectively, with a targeted mycophenolate dose of 1 g twice daily. However, in group B, the target tacrolimus trough level was 4 to 7 ng/mL to reduce long-term nephrotoxicity, with 500 mg twice-daily doses of mycophenolate, without steroid maintenance. Results In this 15-month median postoperative interval report, there were no notable differences in demographics and patient and graft survivals. Acute rejection rates at 1 year were equivalent, that is, 5 of 30 in all three groups (16.6%). In group B, there was slightly lower renal function at 1 month, but no difference at 1 year. There was also significantly more leukopenia, but a greater percentage of T-regulatory cells and number of Fox-P3 mRNA copies by flow cytometry and semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, respectively, in group B. Conclusions This preliminary analysis indicates that 80% of the patients in group B remained steroid-free 1 year postoperatively, with lower tacrolimus trough levels and no difference in other adverse events.
An Alternative Paradigm–Taking A Live Undergraduate Engineering Program Off-Campus

This paper chronicles the first four years of offering courses in a manufacturing engineering bachelor's degree program and the first group of students graduating from this program. The program was designed to meet the specific needs of manufacturers in the western Michigan area where it is offered. The program—a joint effort of Western Michigan University, Muskegon Community College, and local industry—was offered exclusively at one of the university's regional centers located on a community college campus. Some lessons learned are presented.
On the practical application of the generalized R-matrix method to problems in nuclear physics

Abstract The role of the generalized R-matrix method as a calculational tool applicable to a large class of problems in nuclear physics is examined. The rapid convergence observed when the channel radii are held constant can be further improved if the channel radii are allowed to vary. A criterion is proposed which governs the selection of an optimal set of channel radii. The absolute convergence of the method obtained when the criterion is employed is demonstrated by explicit calculations performed for (i) a Woods-Saxon potential model of 16O + n scattering, (ii) a coupled channels model of 12C + n scattering, and (iii) a microscopic model of 14C + n scattering. The methods introduced here provide the means for a systematic treatment of the convergence of the method, enabling optimal accuracy to be obtained from any given set of basis functions. In addition, a fair indication of the accuracy of the final result is obtained.
A Study of Unsteady Mixed Convection in a Lid Driven Flow Inside a Rectangular Cavity

A numerical study is conducted to identify the unsteady characteristics of momentum and heat transfer in lid-driven cavity flows. The cavity under study is filled with a compressible fluid and is of rectangular shape. The bottom of the cavity is insulated and stationary where as the top of the cavity (the lid) is pulled at constant speed. The vertical walls of the cavity are kept at constant but unequal temperatures. A two-dimensional, mathematical model is adopted to investigate the shear and buoyancy driven circulation patterns inside this rectangular cavity. This physics based mathematical model consists of conservation of mass, momentum (two-dimensional, unsteady Navier-Stokes equations for compressible flows) and energy equations for the enclosed fluid subjected to appropriate boundary and initial conditions. The compressibility of the working fluid is represented by an ideal gas relation and its thermodynamic and transport properties are assumed to be function of temperature. The governing equations are discretized using second order accurate central differencing for spatial derivatives and second order finite differencing (based on Taylor expansion) for the time derivatives. The resulting nonlinear equations are then linearized using Newton’s linearization method. The set of algebraic equations that result from this process are then put into a matrix form and solved using a Coupled Modified Strongly Implicit Procedure (CMSIP) for the unknowns of the problem. Grid independence and time convergence studies were carried out to determine the accuracy of the square mesh adopted for the present study. Two benchmark cases (driven cavity and rectangular channel flows) were studied to verify the accuracy of the CMSIP. Numerical experiments were then carried out to simulate the unsteady development of the shear and buoyancy driven circulation patterns for different Richardson numbers in the range of 0.036<Ri<100 where the Re number is kept less than 2000 to assure laminar flow conditions inside the cavity. Simulations start with a stagnant fluid subjected to a sudden increase in one of the walls temperature. At the same time the upper lid of the cavity is accelerated, instantaneously, to a constant speed. The circulation patterns, temperature contours, vertical and horizontal velocity profiles were generated at different times of the simulation, and wall heat fluxes and Nusselt numbers were calculated for the steady state conditions. Only the results for a square cavity are presented in this paper. These results indicate that the heat transfer rates at the vertical walls of the cavity are enhanced with the decrease in Richardson number.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Enzymes of B-Ring-Deoxy Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Elicited Cell Cultures of "Old Man" Cactus (Cephalocereus senilis)

Elicited cell cultures of the cactus Cephalocereus senilis produce a group of flavonoids with unsubstituted B-rings, including an aurone which represents a new class of phytoalexin. Preliminary enzymological studies indicated that the chalcone synthase (CHS) and chalcone isomerase (CHI) from cultures of C. senilis were active with cinnamoyl-CoA and 2',4',6'-trihydroxychalcone, respectively, probable intermediates for synthesis of flavonoids with unsubstituted B-rings. We now demonstrate that the cultures contain two isoforms of CHI, both of which are induced by elicitor treatment and are active with both 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxy- and 2',4',6'-trihydroxychalcone. (Hydroxy)-cinnamate:CoA ligase in the cactus cultures was active with cinnamic, 4-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic, and 4-methoxycinnamic acids, but not sinapic acid. A single form of CoA ligase, as resolved by chromatofocusing analysis, was active against both cinnamate and 4-coumarate. Cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (CA4H) activity was induced by elicitor treatment. Thus, elicited cultures contain the necessary enzymatic activities for synthesis of B-ring-hydroxy and -deoxy flavonoids. Synthesis of only the deoxy class in response to elicitation may result from some form of metabolic compartmentation through which the CA4H reaction is bypassed, leading to formation of cinnamoyl CoA which may then be incorporated into B-ring deoxy flavonoids via nondiscriminating CHS and CHI activities.
Differential cross sections for electron impact excitation of Xe: I. Excitation of the five lowest levels; experiment and theory

Experimental and theoretical differential cross sections (DCSs) for electron impact excitation of the five lowest levels of xenon are reported. The experimental data were obtained at impact energies of 10, 15, 20 and 30 eV for scattering angles in the range of to . The scattering intensities for excitation of various levels with respect to that of the combined two lowest levels (representing the corresponding DCS ratios) were measured with conventional electrostatic electron energy-loss spectrometers. Absolute DCSs for excitation of the combined two lowest levels were derived from DCS ratios for excitation of the combined two lowest levels and elastic scattering and utilizing the elastic DCSs of Register et al. These DCS ratios were obtained from scattering intensity ratios measured with conventional electrostatic electron energy-loss spectrometers after correction for instrumental effects by utilizing electron time-of-flight measurements for determining the proper value of this ratio at scattering angle for each impact energy. The unitarized first-order many-body theory and the unitarized distorted-wave approximation were applied to obtain the theoretical differential cross sections for impact energies of 10, 15, 20, 30, 50 and 80 eV. The present experimental and theoretical results are compared with each other and with other available experimental and theoretical DCSs.
High-efficiency scintillation detector for thermal and high-energy neutrons and gamma radiation

Subcriticality experiments require high-efficiency radiation detectors that are sensitive to neutrons (thermal and fast) over a wide energy range and to gamma radiation. A scintillation detector design that meets these criteria is described. It consists of two scintillators assembled on a single photomultiplier tube. One scintillator is a glass, loaded with lithium enriched in /sup 6/Li, and has high efficiency for low-energy neutrons. The second scintillator is a plastic having very good efficiency for higher-energy neutrons. Efficiency values are reported for various neutron energy ranges and for gamma radiation. >
Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of a Threaded Pipe Connection

For the past several years, USC has been involved in a major research project to study the seismic mitigation measures of nonstructural components in hospitals funded by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). It was determined that piping was the one of the most critical components affecting the functionality of a hospital following an earthquake. Consequently, a substantial effort was spent on quantifying the behavior of typical piping components. During the loading of the threaded joint, it was common to hear a loud popping sound, followed by a small water leak. It was assumed that the sound and leakage were due to the sliding of the mating pipe threads. To confirm this theory, and to provide a tool to help understand the failure mode(s) for a wide class of threaded fittings, a detailed nonlinear finite element model was constructed using MSC/NASTRAN, and correlated to the measured failures. In this paper, a simplified model is presented first to demonstrate the modeling procedure and to help understand the sliding phenomenon. Next, a symmetric half 3D model was generated for modeling the physical experiments. It is shown that the finite element analysis (FEA) of the threaded connections captures the dominant mechanism that was observed in the experimental tests.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Dating Violence and Self-Injury Among Undergraduate College Students: Attitudes and Experiences

An Internet-based survey about dating violence and self-injury was completed by 1,777 undergraduates. A regression analysis tested if recent dating violence victimization and perpetration experiences predicted whether participants self-injured in the past 90 days, after controlling for demographic variables and attitudes toward self-injury and dating violence. Although the regression model explained only 6% of the variance in self-injury, the relationship may indicate a co-occurrence of dating violence and self-injury.
The Potter sequence: A clinical analysis of 80 cases

Eighty cases of Potter sequence due to a renal or urologic abnormality were studied retrospectively. The abnormal renal findings were bilateral renal agenesis in 21.25%; cystic dysplasia in 47.5%; obstructive uropathy in 25%; and others in 5.25%. Fifteen patients had multiple congenital anomalies; of these three had aneuploidy, four had autosomal recessive syndromes, and eight were of unknown cause. Results of chromosome analysis in 41 patients and 21 sets of parents were abnormal in three patients, one of whom had a balanced translocation carrier parent; two additional patients and three parents had apparently balanced translocations. There was one recurrence within the study (the first child had bilateral renal agenesis and the second cystic dysplasia). The ultrasound prenatal diagnosis of the renal abnormality was made in eight cases between 18 and 34 weeks. Family histories were suggestive of an autosomal dominant gene disorder with incomplete penetrance in four of 45 families with nonsyndromic bilateral renal agenesis and cystic dysplasia. The evaluation of patients with the Potter sequence should include an examination for nonrenal defects, autopsy, chromosome analysis, and renal ultrasound or urologic evaluation of parents. Ultrasonographic prenatal monitoring of subsequent pregnancies in such families is strongly warranted because of a definite but unknown degree of recurrence risk.
Technology-mediated parent-child intimacy: designing for ecuadorian families separated by migration

This study explores the role technology plays in supporting long-distance relationships of migrant parents and left-behind children in developing countries such as Ecuador, in order to inform the design of technology that better suits their affective needs and their context's constraints. We derived three design principles based on our fieldwork in Ecuador: shared experience, the empowerment of children to self-express and children's need to safely build a private communication channel with their parents. We report our research findings and propose a set of design concepts for future work.
Ab initio analysis of the Cope rearrangement of germacrane sesquiterpenoids

The energetics of the Cope rearrangement of 17 germacrane sesquiterpenoids to their respective elemane forms have been calculated using both density functional theory (B3LYP/6-31G*) and post Hartee-Fock (MP2/6-31G**) ab initio methods. The calculations are in qualitative agreement with experimentally observed Cope rearrangements, but the two methods give slightly different results. MP2 calculations generally show more favorable elemene energies compared to the respective germacrenes (by around 3–4 kcal mol−1) and smaller activation energies (by 2–3 kcal mol−1). Additionally, neither method is accurate enough to consistently reproduce the germacrene/elemene equilibrium. Apparently, the generally small energy differences between the two forms in these sesquiterpenoids cannot be adequately reproduced at these levels of calculation.
Thoughts on the induction time in zeolite crystallization

Abstract The analysis and mechanistic interpretation of the induction time observed in typical zeolite crystallizations are given. In particular, it is shown that analyzing zeolite crystallization with constant supersaturation models ignores the lag time resulting from solution rearrangements and yields inappropriately high dependence of crystallization on time. Furthermore, it is shown that the phenomenon of size-dependent crystal solubility, expressed as the Kelvin effect, is not the cause of the aforementioned lag time.
Optic nerve head neovascularization in a patient with inactive cytomegalovirus retinitis and immune recovery.

Abstract PURPOSE: To report a case of optic nerve head neovascularization in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) associated with inactive cytomegalovirus retinitis and immune recovery. METHOD: Case report. RESULTS: We examined a 29-year-old man with AIDS and inactive cytomegalovirus retinitis and found vitritis and prominent optic nerve head neovascularization. The patient had been treated with reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors, resulting in a notable rise in CD4 + lymphocyte count and an undetectable human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-RNA viral load. No cause of neovascularization other than intraocular inflammation was detected. CONCLUSION: Immune recovery in a setting of inactive cytomegalovirus retinitis can result in optic nerve head neovascularization, as seen in our patient.
Measurement of fracture callus material properties via nanoindentation.

In bone fracture healing, the extent to which the injured bone regains stability and strength depends on the mechanical properties of the tissues that are formed during healing. While many techniques have been used to quantify the overall mechanical behavior of fracture calluses, few data exist on the material properties of individual callus tissues. The overall goal of this study was to quantify these material properties. Nanoindentation was performed at multiple locations across thin (200 μm), longitudinal sections of rat fracture callus at 35 days post fracture. Following indentation, sections were stained with alizarin red S and alcian blue to obtain semi-quantitative estimates of tissue mineral content and proteoglycan content, respectively. Indentation moduli varied over three orders of magnitude (0.61–1010 MPa) throughout the callus. Much of this variation was due to the presence of multiple tissue types: the indentation moduli of granulation tissue, chondroid tissue and woven bone ranged 0.61–1.27 MPa (median = 0.99 MPa), 1.39–4.42 MPa (median = 2.89 MPa) and 26.92–1010.00 MPa (median = 132.00 MPa), respectively. In regions of alizarin red staining, the indentation modulus was correlated (r = 0.62, P = 0.04) with stain intensity, suggesting a positive correlation between modulus and mineral content in woven bone. In addition, the indentation modulus of woven bone along the periosteal aspect of the cortex increased with distance from the fracture gap (P = 0.004). These results demonstrate the usefulness of nanoindentation in characterizing the elastic properties of the heterogeneous mixture of tissues present in bone fracture callus.
Shape-controlled synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Ab initio study of preferential surface coordination with citric acid

The experimental control of silver nanoparticle shape in citric acid solution is rationalized by ab initio calculations. The approximate three-fold symmetry of the acid matches that of Ag(1 1 1) and results in four silver–oxygen bonds. In contrast, citric acid forms only two bonds with Ag(1 0 0) because of the geometry mismatch. Migration of a hydrogen atom within citric acid activates the electrons of the carboxyl oxygens and provides additional binding affinity towards Ag(1 1 1). The preferential binding energy of citric acid to Ag(1 1 1) promotes crystal growth along the Ag(1 0 0) surface.
Multiple mitochondrial DNA polymerases in Trypanosoma brucei.

Abstract Kinetoplast DNA (kDNA), the unusual mitochondrial DNA of Trypanosoma brucei , is a network containing thousands of catenated circles. Database searching for a kDNA replicative polymerase (pol) revealed no mitochondrial pol γ homolog. Instead, we identified four proteins (TbPOLIA, IB, IC, and ID) related to bacterial pol I. Remarkably, all four localized to the mitochondrion. TbPOLIB and TbPOLIC localized beside the kDNA where replication occurs, and their knockdown by RNA interference caused kDNA network shrinkage. Furthermore, silencing of TbPOLIC caused loss of both minicircles and maxicircles and accumulation of minicircle replication intermediates, consistent with a role in replication. While typical mitochondria contain one DNA polymerase, pol γ, trypanosome mitochondria contain five such enzymes, including the previously characterized pol β.
Combined liver and inferior vena cava resection for hepatic malignancy

Objective The experience from a single center, in combined liver and inferior vena cava (IVC) resection for liver tumors, is presented. Methods Twelve patients underwent a combined liver resection with IVC replacement. The median age was 45 years (range 35–67 years). Resections were carried out for hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 4), colorectal metastases (n = 6), and cholangiocarcinoma (n = 2). Liver resections included eight right lobectomies and four left trisegmentectomies. The IVC was reconstructed with ringed Gore-Tex tube graft. Results No perioperative deaths were reported. The median operative blood transfusion requirement was 2 units (range 0–12 units) and the median operative time was 5 hr. Median hospital stay was 10 days (range 8–25 days). Three patients had evidence of postoperative liver failure, resolved with supportive management. Two patients developed bile leaks, resolved conservatively. With a median follow up of 24 months, all vascular reconstructions were patent and no evidence of graft infection was documented. Conclusions Aggressive surgical management of liver tumors, offer the only hope for cure or palliation. We suggest that liver resection with vena cava replacement may be performed safely, with acceptable morbidity, by specialized surgical teams. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96: 258–264. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pathological guidelines for orthotopic urinary diversion in women with bladder cancer: a review of the literature.

Purpose: Before the early 1990s total urethrectomy at radical cystectomy for bladder cancer in women was considered the standard of care. As our understanding of the natural history of urethral urothelial carcinoma in women has improved, neobladders have been increasingly created in carefully selected women with bladder cancer. We reviewed the literature regarding the incidence of urethral involvement, the risk factors for urethral involvement and the incidence of urethral recurrence in women undergoing orthotopic urinary diversion for bladder cancer.Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed regarding the natural history of urethral tumor involvement by urothelial carcinoma, risk factors and the incidence of urethral recurrence following radical cystectomy and orthotopic diversion in women with bladder cancer.Results: Urethral tumor involvement occurs in approximately 12% of female patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy for high grade, invasive urothelial c...
How Many Perspectives Provide a Compass? Differentiating 360‐Degree and Multi‐Source Feedback

Researchers have been inconsistent regarding (a) the relationship between 360° feedback and multi-source feedback and (b) the definition of 360° feedback. In the present paper, we review these topics and offer two solutions that could facilitate effective communication about these terms.
Study of polymeric materials by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy review

Abstract The paper details various applications of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for studying polymeric materials. The problems of interpreting the spectral data are discussed and the methodological aspects of the experiment reviewed. It is emphasized that the method is most effective in study of modification of polymeric materials and the various processes on their surface.
Increased expression of α1-adrenergic receptors in the hypothalamus of spontaneously hypertensive rats

The specificity and molecular weights of α1-adrenergic receptors in various tissues of spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rat were compared with normotensive controls (Wistatt-Kyoto; WKY) with the use of [125I]HEAT and [125I]azidoprazosin, specific α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists. Binding of [125I]HEAT to membranes prepared from SH rat brain hypothalamus was significantly higher. due to a 75% increase in the Bmax, than the WKY control. In contrast, the Bmax and Kd of [125I]HEAT binding to brainstem and liver membranes from SH rats were not significantly different from those of WKY controls. Competition-inhibition data suggested similar pharmacological specificity with potencies in the order of prazosin > yohimbine > propranolol for both WKY and SH rat membranes prepared from liver, hypothalamus, brainstem and neuronal cultures. Photoaffinity labeling of α1-adrenergic receptors from hypothalamus, brainstem and neuronal cultures using [125I]azidoprazosin followed by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography showed the presence of one major band with a molecular weight (MW) of 105,000 Da for both WKY and SH rats. In contrast, labeling of liver α1-adrenergic receptors revealed one major band with a MW of 60,000 Da. Quantitation of the 105,000-Da band from SH rat hypothamic membranes demonstrated a 52% higher intensity compared with WKY controls. Neuronal cultures prepared from 1-day-old SH rats showed a similarly greater intensity of the 105,000-Da band compared with WKY controls. These observations indicate that: (1) the MW of α1-adrenergic receptors in the hypothalamus, brainstem and neuronal culture is significantly higher compared with the liver receptor: and (2) increased expression of the α1-adrenergic receptors in the SH rat is specific for the hypothalamus and a similar increase is maintained in neuronal cultures prepared from neonatal rat hypothalamus-braistem. These observations suggest that increased α1-adrenergic receptor expression may be the result of their increased synthesis or decreased degradation. In addition, the results suggest that the increase in α1-adrenergic receptors may be related to the genetic expression of hypertension, since the same property is observed in neuronal cultures from 1-day-old SH rats, where blood pressure is not yet elevated. In addition, these data also suggest that the central α1-adrenergic receptor, although pharmacologically similar to the peripheral receptor, may be structurally unique.
Volume conserving smoothing for piecewise linear curves, surfaces, and triple lines

Abstract We present smoothing algorithms for piecewise linear curves, surfaces, and triple lines of intersection of surfaces that are based on the the idea of sequentially relaxing either individual nodes or edges in the mesh. Each relaxation is designed both to smooth the mesh and to conserve down to round-off error the area or volume enclosed by the curve or surface. For the case of smoothing surfaces and lines of intersection of surfaces, each relaxation consists of a pure smoothing component and a volume conserving correction which is chosen to be of minimum norm. Since surfaces and triple intersection lines can be conservatively smoothed, the algorithms are suitable for improving multimaterial grids used by physics simulations where exactly conserving the volume of each individual material may be a requirement or at least highly desirable. The algorithms are also suitable for smoothing piecewise linear functions of one or two variables while simultaneously preserving their integrals. We show examples of the application of the more powerful edge-based algorithms to curve, surface, and multimaterial volume grids and to a thin film simulation.
Performance of tightly-coupled systems with shared cache

Abstract Shared cache under an effective management policy can yield a hit ratio higher than that for private cache, because of the fact that shared space in the cache could be divided among the processors according to their needs, and also, only single copies of shared blocks are stored in the cache. The effective total system cache size is thus larger for shared cache than for a private cache system. This paper assumes set associative memory mapping among cache and interleaved main memory. Least Recently Used (LRU) replacement technique is utilized in case of a miss and a relation for maximum throughput of the system is developed.
Combining a GLP-1 Receptor Agonist and Basal Insulin: Study Evidence and Practical Considerations

Most patients with diabetes mellitus require multiple medications to achieve glycemic goals. Considering this and the increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes worldwide, the need for effective combination therapy is pressing. Basal insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are frequently used to treat type 2 diabetes. Though both classes of medication are exclusively injectable, which may cause initial hesitation from providers, evidence for their combined use is substantial. This review summarizes the theoretical benefit, supporting evidence, and implementation of a combined basal insulin–GLP-1 receptor agonist regimen. Basal insulin added to a GLP-1 receptor agonist reduces hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) without weight gain or significantly increased hypoglycemia. A GLP-1 receptor agonist added to basal insulin reduces HbA1c and body weight. Compared with the addition of meal-time insulin to basal insulin, a GLP-1 receptor agonist produces similar or greater reduction in HbA1c, weight loss instead of weight gain, and less hypoglycemia. Gastrointestinal adverse events are common with GLP-1 receptor agonists, especially during initiation and titration. However, combination with basal insulin is not expected to augment expected adverse events that come with using a GLP-1 receptor agonist. Basal insulin can be added to a GLP-1 receptor agonist with a slow titration to target goal fasting plasma glucose. In patients starting a GLP-1 receptor agonist, the dose of basal insulin should be decreased by 20 % in patients with an HbA1c ≤8 %. The evidence from 15 randomized prospective studies supports the combined use of a GLP-1 receptor agonist with basal insulin in a broad range of patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes.
Sprint - The Systolic Processor with a Reconfigurable Interconnection Network of Transputers

The Systolic Processor with a Reconfigurable Interconnection Network of Transputers (SPRINT) is a sixty-four-processor multiprocessor developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for experimentally evaluating systolic algorithms and architectures. This paper describes the architecture of the SPRINT and several algorithms which have been executed on it.
Gastrin deficiency results in altered gastric differentiation and decreased colonic proliferation in mice.

Background & aims Gastrin is a peptide hormone important in the regulation of both acid secretion and differentiation of oxyntic mucosal cells of the stomach. To further elucidate the role of gastrin in the growth and development of the gastrointestinal tract, we have generated mice that are deficient in gastrin. Methods Gastrin-deficient mice were generated through targeted gene disruption. Gastric and colonic architecture were determined by routine histology and immunohistochemical techniques. Proliferation was assessed by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation. Results Targeted disruption of the gastrin gene resulted in mice incapable of expressing gastrin messenger RNA (mRNA) or producing gastrin peptide. This deficiency led to a marked change in gastric architecture, with a decrease in number of parietal and enterochromaffin-like cells and an increase in number of mucous neck cells. There was no difference in the proliferation labeling index of the stomach in gastrin-deficient mice (3.04% +/- 0.33%) compared with wild-type littermates (3.15% +/- 0.18%). The colon of gastrin-deficient mice seemed normal histologically, although there was a decreased proliferation labeling index (2.97% +/- 0.52%) compared with wild-type littermates (4.71% +/- 0.44%; P Conclusions Gastrin is important in regulating the differentiation of the gastric mucosa and is a trophic factor for the colonic mucosa.
On the circles of Apollonius associated with a triangle

Given a ratio α ∶ β ∶ γ, α>γ>0, and a triangle ΔABC, on the sides\(\overline {BC} ,\overline {CA} \) and\(\overline {AB} \), using ratiosβ ∶ γ, α ∶ γ and α ∶ β, three circles of Apollonius are denned. In this paper, we will show that the three centers are collinear, the circles are coaxal and develop a necessary and sufficient condition that these circles intersect. J. A. Hoskins, W. D. Hoskins and R. G. Stanton obtained these results in a recent paper using algebraic computation. Our aim is to establish all these results using only results from elementary Euclidean geometry and thereby uncovering more geometric insights and avoid lengthy calculations.
Bending waves in Saturn's rings☆

Saturn A ring brightness variations are investigated and noted to be caused by vertical corrugations of the local ring plane due to a spiral bending wave, resonantly excited by Mimas, which propagates inwardly by way of the ring particle collective gravity. Some aspects of the presently developed theory of forced bending waves have been previously treated in the galactic context. It is noted that the theory is generally in good agreement with observations, and in particular may resolve the conflict between ground-based estimates of 1-2 km for the global ring thickness and Voyager stellar occultation measurements of less than 200 m for the local ring thickness.
IR free or interacting? A proposed diagnostic

Abstract We present and discuss a conjectured criterion for determining whether a 4d quantum field theory is IR free, or flows to an interacting conformal field theory in the infrared: “the correct infrared phase is that with the larger conformal anomaly a”. A stronger conjecture is that “an operator can become IR free only if that results in a larger conformal anomaly a”. We test these conjectures in the context of N = 1 supersymmetric theories. They are verified to indeed predict the correct IR phase in every tested case, for a plethora of examples for which the infrared phase could already be determined on other grounds. When applied to the still unsettled case of SU ( 2 ) with a chiral superfield in the isospin 3 / 2 representation, the conjecture suggest that the IR phase is conformal rather than confining.
The analysis of multiple criteria in multiple-cue judgment tasks☆☆☆

Abstract The linear “lens model” approach has been widely applied to the analysis of subject performance in multiple-cue judgment tasks embedded in probabilistic environments. The model is generalized here to situations involving several criteria about which judgments are to be made. It will be shown that the various indices used in the single-criterion linear lens model are readily generalized to the multiple criterion case and may be given interpretations which are similar to those in the basic single criterion model.
A decidable fragment of predicate calculus

Abstract We describe a decision procedure for what we call direct predicate calculus . This fragment of predicate logic coincides with those formulas that can be proved in the Gentzen sequent calculus with the rule of contraction eliminated. It arose by thinking about what kinds of inferences should be considered ‘obvious’ and in that sense characterizes fragments of logic by the tools available for proving results rather than by syntactic properties of formulas.
Abstract 4779: HERV-K env plays important roles in cell proliferation, migration and tumor progression in melanoma.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are remnants from ancient retroviral infections, and most of them are inactive in normal tissues. However, one family of HERV, HERV-K, is reportedly active in several cancers, including melanoma. Increased expression of HERV-K in melanoma cells correlates with malignant transformation, while a serological response to HERV-K in melanoma patients correlates with survival probability. The mechanism behind these observations remains obscure. Our group reported that anti-HEEV-K envelope (env) protein antibodies shows antitumor potential in targeting breast tumors, indicating that HERV-K env may play an important role in tumorigenesis. In this study, we produced a cell line derived from melanoma cell line A375, in which the expression of HERV-K env was stably knocked down by a lentivector based shRNA. Compared to the control cells, these cells exhibit lower proliferation/migration/invasion rates and lower tumorigenicity in vitro. In vivo, their tumorigenic potential was found to be reduced after inoculation into NOD/SCID gamma mice. Moreover, results of antibody array, RNAseq and Western blotting indicate that altered HERV-K env expression led to changes in expression of several proteins important in oncogenesis and metastasis. These results suggest that HERV-K env plays specific and important roles in melanoma carcinogenesis. Citation Format: Ming Li, Gary L. Johanning, Feng Wang-Johanning. HERV-K env plays important roles in cell proliferation, migration and tumor progression in melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4779. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4779
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of aryl n-methylcarbamate residues using post-column hydrolysis electrochemical detection

A high-performance liquid chromatographic technique is reported which selectively detects the phenolic moiety of aryl N-methylcarbamates at low nanogram levels. The carbamates are separated on a C-8 column using an acetonitrile-water gradient mobile phase. The eluted carbamates are hydrolyzed in-line by post-column addition of base, which also serves as electrolyte in the electrochemical (coulometric) detection of the resulting phenols. The technique was tested with six carbamates (bufencarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, 3-hydroxycarbofuran, isoprocarb and methiocarb) and four crops (apples, cabbage, grapes and tomatoes). Optimum detector responses and stability for the carbamates were attained at 0.60 V. Detector response to the carbamates in the presence of crop coextractives was 99% of theoretical with a standard deviation of 2.8% at the 0.05- to 0.1-ppm fortification level. The lower limit of quantitation is 0.01 ppm. Other electrochemical detectors were evaluated for suitability for this work.
Magma mixing in granitic rocks of the central Sierra Nevada, California

Abstract The El Capitan alaskite exposed in the North American Wall, Yosemite National Park, was intruded by two sets of mafic dikes that interacted thermally and chemically with the host alaskite. Comparisons of petrographic and compositional data for these dikes and alaskite with published data for Sierra Nevada plutons lead us to suggest that mafic magmas were important in the generation of the Sierra Nevada batholith. Specifically, we conclude that: (1) intrusion of mafic magmas in the lower crust caused partial melting and generation of alaskite (rhyolitic) magmas; (2) interaction between the mafic and felsic magmas lead to the observed linear variation diagrams for major elements; (3) most mafic inclusions in Sierra Nevada plutons represent chilled pillows of mafic magmas, related by fractional crystallization and granitoid assimilation, that dissolve into their felsic host and contaminate it to intermediate (granodioritic) compositions; (4) vesiculation of hydrous mafic magma upon chilling may allow buoyant mafic inclusions and their disaggregation products to collect beneath a pluton's domed ceiling causing the zoning (mafic margins-to-felsic core) that these plutons exhibit.
Preventive Use of Noninvasive Ventilation After Planned Extubation

Despite a thorough weaning assessment, including a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), liberation from mechanical ventilation via endotracheal extubation is associated with re-intubation rates of up to 24%.[1][1] Re-intubation, in turn, is associated with an increased risk of mortality, intensive
Unperturbed dimensions of poly(2‐methyl‐6‐phenyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) and poly(2,6‐diphenyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) chains

The unperturbed chain dimensions of unfractionated poly(2-methyl-6-phenyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) and poly-(2,6-diphenyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) have been measured by combining molecular weight data from light scattering with intrinsic viscosity data in chloroform. The unperturbed chain dimensions of the former polymer were also measured directly by light scattering dissymmetry in a critical consolute solvent mixture (methyl cyclohexane: 1,4-dioxane 50:50 by volume). The results of these measurements and of measurements reported by other investigators are satisfactorily explained by postulating no dimension-expanding prejudice in azimuthal angle in chain conformers of the 2,6-substituted-1,4-phenylene oxide polymers. This corresponds to equal population of the two chain rotation energy minima at azimuthal angles 90° and 270°. Accepting this postulate, one calculates from the observed chain dimensions that the COC bond angle is 118–120° in these aromatic polyethers in solution.
Changes in scientific articles over two hundred years: a coh-metrix analysis

We analyzed texts from years 1800-2004 from the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Two-thousand-word sections from about 20 articles published at 25-year intervals (1800, 1825, 1850, etc.) for a total of 127 articles were analyzed by a new tool (Coh-metrix) developed by McNamara, Louwerse, and Graesser [9] at the University of Memphis' Institute for Intelligent Systems. The study discerned significant differences in four general measurement areas: word information, connectives, causal cohesion, and syntactic complexity. Specifically, there was a significant decrease in concreteness, imagability, number of causal verbs, number of causal particles, number of connectives (including total number of connectives, and positive temporal and causal connectives), and the mean number of higher-level constituents per sentence and per word. We also found a significant increase in age of acquisition, syntactic complexity (measured in mean number of modifiers per noun phrase), and indicators of analytical and logical difficulty.
Facilitative Effects of Haptic Training on Children's Visual Problem Solving.

39 fourth grade children exposed to a haptic (active touch) match-to-sample task made significantly fewer posttest errors, relative to control subjects, on a visual problem-solving task. Further, this reduction in errors was comparable to that shown by children who had received specific training in reflective problem-solving. The results were discussed in terms of the possible facilitative effects exposure to a haptic task can have on children's visual problem-solving.
Performance assessment of humans in leadframe inspection: a preliminary study

Defect detection and classification are important tasks for both product quality assurance and process improvement in the manufacturing industry. In leadframe manufacturing, samples of cut leadframes are taken immediately after stamping and examined by human inspectors. Early defect detection is critical for reducing waste of raw material and achieving a high quality product. In this paper, the performance of several participants was tested on the basis of inspection speed and accuracy. The tests were carried out using images of three leadframe designs with varying number/type of stamping defects. Response surface methodology was used to analyze the test results. In addition to designing better training systems, the results can be used by manufacturers to monitor their inspectors' performance. Due to the generic nature of the inspection task, the results can be further applied in other industries as well.
Strengthening Foster Parent–Adolescent Relationships Through Filial Therapy

The purpose of this article is to explore the application of filial therapy as a means of strengthening relationships between foster parents and adolescent foster children. Adolescents in foster care experience a number of placement disruptions and while a number of therapeutic interventions are implemented to assist adolescents in foster care, very few are aimed at strengthening the foster parent–foster child bond. Studies have repeatedly shown filial therapy as an effective method for strengthening parent–child relationships. Filial therapy is discussed as an intervention for improving the relationship between adolescents in foster care and their foster parents. A review of the literature is presented as well as a description of filial therapy and the adaptations necessary to implement filial therapy with adolescents and their foster parents.