cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In vitro stability of nitrate reductase from barley leaves

Abstract Barley seedling nitrate reductase was stabilized in vitro without the use of extraneous protein by optimizing the buffer components. The extraction buffer (NRT 8.5) consists of 0.25 M Tris-HCl, pH 8.5, 3 mM DTT, 5 μM FAD, 1 μ M sodium molybdate and 1 mM EDTA. This buffer stabilizes the extracted nitrate reductase at O° and 30°, whereas the addition of extraneous protein to standard extraction buffers stabilizes the enzyme only at 0°.
Numerical Prediction of Supersonic Shock- Boundary Layer Interaction

Shock-boundary layer interaction was numerically simulated via steady-state, Reynolds-averaged NavierStokes methods using CFD++, a general purpose fluid flow solver. The simulations emulated experiments performed in two wind tunnel facilities, namely, the Institut Universitaire des Systemes Thermiques Industriels Wind Tunnel and the University of Michigan Wind Tunnel. Typical flow characteristics were captured, such as the location of the incident and reflected shock waves, boundary layer recirculation and separation, and increase in boundary layer displacement and momentum thicknesses. The numerical velocity components and Reynolds stresses in the boundary-layer compared fairly well with experimental data, however improvement is still needed. The sensitivity of the simulations to the choice of turbulence model and grid density was also demonstrated.
A protein-retention method for specific surface area determination in swelling clays

Standard methods have been developed to measure the specific surface area (SSA) of clays, including methylene blue (MB) methods, but have limitations. This study focused on the development of a new method, the protein-retention (PR) method, for the SSA measurement of soil and its comparison with standard tests and published values. MB stain, MB titration, and PR tests were performed on 20 samples prepared by mixing montmorillonite, kaolinite, and quartz in different proportions. The PR method for the SSA determination of the soil samples showed high correlations with the two standard methods and with published data. These correlations show that the PR method is comparable to current standard methods. Additionally, two statistical analyses showed that the PR method yielded the same results as the other methods, and even more statistically similar results to the published values than either of the standard methods. The PR method offers advantages over current methods because of the uniform shape of the hemoglobin molecule and the presence of positively and negatively charged amino acids. This study has shown that the PR method is a new, inexpensive, and reliable method for the SSA measurement of soil.
Insight into RF power requirements and B1 field homogeneity for human MRI via rigorous FDTD approach.

Purpose To study the dependence of radiofrequency (RF) power deposition on B0 field strength for different loads and excitation mechanisms. Material and Methods Studies were performed utilizing a finite difference time domain (FDTD) model that treats the transmit array and the load as a single system. Since it was possible to achieve homogenous excitations across the human head model by varying the amplitudes/phases of the voltages driving the transmit array, studies of the RF power/B0 field strength (frequency) dependence were achievable under well-defined/fixed/homogenous RF excitation. Results Analysis illustrating the regime in which the RF power is dependent on the square of the operating frequency is presented. Detailed studies focusing on the RF power requirements as a function of number of excitation ports, driving mechanism, and orientations/positioning within the load are presented. Conclusion With variable phase/amplitude excitation, as a function of frequency, the peak-then-decrease relation observed in the upper axial slices of brain with quadrature excitation becomes more evident in the lower slices as well. Additionally, homogeneity optimization targeted at minimizing the ratio of maximum/minimum B1+ field intensity within the region of interest, typically results in increased RF power requirements (standard deviation was not considered in this study). Increasing the number of excitation ports, however, can result in significant RF power reduction. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;25:1235–1247. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PELTATE HAIRS OF SHEPHERDIA CANADENSIS

It is well known that the characteristic silvery or reddish-brown appearance of the young twigs, buds, and leaves of the members of the Elaeagnaceae is due to a thick coating of peltate and stellate hairs. An examination of three members of this family, Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt., S. argentea Nutt., and Elaea gnus angustifolia L. has shown the peltate hairs to be almost constant in size and shape within each species and very similar for the species examined. The peltate hair may be described as consisting of a central stalk bearing a flattened or conical shield. The shield is made up of a considerable number of ray cells which usually have somewhat thickened walls and empty cell cavities. The distal end of each of these ray cells is free and tapers to a point. It has been suggested by earlier investigators that the presence or absence of peltate hairs, and, if present, the form, size, and color of such hairs could be used in distinguishing between genera and species of plants. Schacht (I852, I856) found that the scales (Schuppen) of the Elaeagnaceae were very similar to those of the Bromeliaceae. Prillieux (I856) separated some 23 members of the Oleaceae on the basis of the type of "star" hairs (poils en etoile) characterizing each species. He found that the hairs differ in size, shape, and color, and in the number of cells in the shield. He considered the peltate hair to be actually a stellate hair, in which the radiating cells of the shield are held together by a cuticle. De Candolle (I856) used the presence and form of the peltate hairs (radiotca pilosae) as taxonomic characters in describing the members of the Elaeagnaceae. Vesque (I882) made use of various types of peltate hairs (poils en e'cusson), stellate hairs (poils en e'toile) and bunched hairs (poils en pinceau) as taxonomic characters in the Capparidaceae. Haberlandt (I884) described the scale hair (Schuppenhaar) as characteristic of members of the Elaeagnaceae. According to Bachmann (i886), Radlkofer (I884) observed a similarity in the structure of the peltate hairs of the members of four families of plants. Bachmann (i886) studied the peltate hairs (Schildhaaren) and the stellate hairs (Sternhaaren) of some 34 families of Angiosperms. On the basis of the characters of the peltate hairs, he formed a key to the genera of the
Impurity-density calculations from spectroscopic measurements of visible and uv line emission on the Alcator-C tokamak.

Densities of C, O, and Si impurities during the steady-state portion of Alcator-C discharges have been computed from spectroscopic measurements of the absolute brightnesses of visible and uv emission lines in combination with a one-dimensional transport calculation which models the charge-state and emissivity profiles. Profiles of all the charge states of a particular impurity were calculated by utilizing independent measurements of plasma density and temperature and by solving the coupled system of transport and rate equations connecting the ionization states. These profiles were then used to calculate emissivity profiles by solving the matrix equation relating the level populations through collisional excitation, collisional deexcitation, spontaneous emission, inner-shell ionization, and cascades from upper levels. Three different types of limiters (molybdenum, graphite, and SiC-coated graphite) have been used on the Alcator-C. It was observed that the principal impurities in the plasma, under most conditions, were determined by the type of limiter material being used. However, the source of the impurities could be either the wall or the limiters, since it has been shown that the wall becomes coated with limiter material. A significant influx of impurities directly from the limiters was often seen during the application of lower-hybrid-frequency rf power to the plasma.
Electrical and thermal resistivity of the transition elements at low temperatures

The results of measurements on 20 transition elements are reported giving values for the thermal resistivity, W , from 2 to about 140 °K and for electrical resistivity, p , from 2 to about 300 °K. Values of the ‘ideal’ resistivities, W i and p i { (due to scattering of the electrons by thermal vibrations), are deduced from these and tabulated for various temperatures. Comparisons are made with values for Cu, Ag, Au and Na and with the predictions of the ‘standard’ theory, i.e. solutions of the transport equation developed by Bloch, Gruneisen, Wilson, etc. Excepting Mn, p i follows a Bloch—Gruneisen function tolerably down to op5, although slight anomalies are shown by V, Cr, Fe, Co and Ni; at low temperatures behaviour is varied but below 10 °K in Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt and perhaps in W and Nb, p i appears to vary nearly as T 2 . The parameter, piM 6 & (at 273 °K) has rather similar values for different members of each group, e.g. for Ti, Zr and Hf of group IV A. The ideal thermal resistivity, Wif can generally be approximated by the relation, WiIW ao = 2(Tld)2J 5(dlT), although for many elements, W i falls more rapidly than T 2 below010. Measurements on the relatively poor conductors, e.g. Ti, Zr and Hf, suggest the presence of an appreciable lattice conductivity, which affects the confidence with which values can be deduced for W i in these elements.
Cold tolerance and thermogenic capacity in dark-eyed Juncos in winter: Geographic variation and comparison with American tree Sparrows

Abstract 1. 1.Cold tolerance and maximal thermogenic capacity ( V O 2 max ) under cold stress in helox gas mixtures (approx. 79% He, 21% O2) were determined for Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) and American Tree Sparrows (Spizella arborea) wintering in SE South Dakota. Junco data were compared to previous data on juncos wintering in the milder climate of western Oregon. 2. 2.Dark-eyed Juncos from South Dakota (SDJU) tolerated colder helox temperatures than Oregon birds (ORJU). This improved cold resistance was not associated with increased thermogenic capacity or SMR in SDJU, as SMR and total V O 2 max did not differ significantly and mass-specific V O 2 max was greater in ORJU. 3. 3.SDJU were significantly larger and had significantly lower thermal conductance than ORJU and these may be important to improved cold tolerance capabilities in the former. 4. 4.SDJU showed significantly higher total V O 2 max than sympatric American Tree Sparrows (ATSP), but mass-specific V O 2 max did not vary as juncos were significantly heavier than sparrows. 5. 5.SDJU tolerated slightly colder temperatures than did ATSP. Thermal conductance and SMR did not differ between the two species. Sympatric wintering Dark-eyed Juncos and American Tree Sparrows, which show similar ranges and habits, also demostrate similar metabolic performance in the cold.
Axisymmetric stagnation flow obliquely impinging on a circular cylinder

Abstract Laminar stagnation flow, axisymmetrically yet obliquely impinging on the generators of a circular cylinder, is formulated as an exact solution of the Navier–Stokes equations. The outer stream is composed of a rotational axial flow superposed onto irrotational radial stagnation flow normal to the cylinder. The relative importance of these two flows is measured by a parameter γ . The viscous problem is reduced to a coupled pair of ordinary differential equations governed by a Reynolds number R introduced by Wang (1974). Two-term asymptotic formulae valid for large R are derived for the wall shear stress and for the position and slope of streamline attachment. These results agree well with exact numerical calculations for R >30. In checking the consistency of our solution in the planar limit R →∞ we uncover and correct an error in the work of Dorrepaal (2000) for the position of viscous streamline attachment.
The “Passion” of John the Baptist and Jesus before Pilate: Mark's Warnings about Kings and Governors:

This article compares the the fates of John the Baptist and Jesus in Mark's Gospel by examining the parallel structures of their enounters with unjust authority: Herod and Pilate. It is argued that Herodian and Roman (in) justice are indistinguishable and that Mark warns his readers that they should expect no better treatment from the authorities with whom they may have to deal than John and Jesus had. It is also argued that because of this portrayal of both Judean and Roman authorities as shameless, Mark is not in any way trying to illustrate that Jesus is politically neutral and that Rome therefore has no reason to regard Christians with suspicion: the last thing Mark does in his Gospel is flatter unjust and shameless men, no matter their social rank. His objective is instruction in discipleship, nothing less.
Different effects of omeprazole and Sch 28080 on canine cerebrospinal fluid production

We investigated the effects of omeprazole and Sch 28080, a more specific and a more potent inhibitor of K+,H+-ATPase than omeprazole, in canine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production. CSF production was measured by ventriculocisternal perfusion (VCP) technique in three groups (n = 10 in each group) of anesthetized, paralyzed and mechanically ventilated dogs. Group I served as control, Sch 28080 (10(-4) mol/l of synthetic CSF) was added to VCP in group II, and omeprazole (10(-5) mol/l of synthetic CSF) was added to VCP in group III, after baseline control CSF production had been determined at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min. Comparing the three groups, the mean baseline values for CSF production did not differ significantly. However, the percent decreases in CSF production in the omeprazole treated group were 26 +/- 17 and 24 +/- 13 at 210 and 225 min, which were significantly more than the respective values in the control group. Percent decrease in CSF production in Sch 28080 was not significantly different from that in the control group. We conclude that in the canine model, physiological doses of omeprazole decrease CSF production by about 26%. However, the effect is independent of the K+,H+-ATPase activity, since Sch 28080 which is more potent than omeprazole did not significantly affect CSF production.
The beta subunit increases Ca2+ currents and gating charge movements of human cardiac L-type Ca2+ channels

The properties of the gating currents (nonlinear charge movements) of human cardiac L-type Ca2- channels and their relationship to the activation of the Ca2+ channel (ionic) currents were studied using a mammalian expression system. Cloned human cardiac alpha1 + rabbit alpha 2 subunits or human cardiac alpha 1 + rabbit alpha 2 + human beta 3 subunits were transiently expressed in HEK293 cells. The maximum Ca2+ current density increased from -3.9 +/- 0.9 pA/pF for the alpha 1 + alpha 2 subunits to -11.6 +/- 2.2 pA/pF for alpha 1 + alpha 2 + beta 3 subunits. Calcium channel gating currents were recorded after the addition of 5 mM Co2+, using a -P/5 protocol. The maximum nonlinear charge movement (Qmax) increased from 2.5 +/- 0.3 nC/muF for alpha 1 + alpha 2 subunit to 12.1 +/- 0.3 nC/muF for alpha 1 + alpha 2 + beta 3 subunit expression. The QON was equal to the QOFF for both subunit combinations. The QON-Vm data were fit by a sum of two Boltzmann expressions and ranged over more negative potentials, as compared with the voltage dependence for activation of the Ca2+ conductance. We conclude that 1) the beta subunit increases the number of functional alpha 1 subunits expressed in the plasma membrane of these cells and 2) the voltage-dependent activation of the human cardiac L-type calcium channel involves the movements of at least two nonidentical and functionally distinct gating structures.
Comparing feature sets within visual and command line environments and their effect on novice programming (abstract only)

Improving the novice's experience with programming may be key to retaining more students interested in Computer Science. Programming environments is an area that lacks comprehensive study. Some entry-level sequences prefer visual environments while others tout the benefits of command line environments. In either case, there is little more than anecdotal evidence to support either choice. We present a novel categorization of programming tools based on assistive features that predict the usefulness of programming environments for novices. This categorization is supported by a controlled study that measured the differences in engagement, efficiency, comprehension, and usability. We found that the extremes of assistive features are problematic regardless of prior programming experience.
Sampling analysis of concrete structures for creep and shrinkage with correlated random material parameters

Abstract The latin hypercube sampling method, which represents the most efficient way to determine the statistics of the creep and shrinkage response of structures, has previously been developed and used under the assumption that the random parameters of the creep and shrinkage prediction model are mutually independent. In reality they are correlated. On the basis of existing data, this paper establishes, by means of the method of maximum likelihood, the joint multivariate probability distribution of the random parameters involved, tests the hypothesis of mutual dependence of parameters on the basis of the χ 2 - distribution , and generalizes the latin hypercube sampling method to the case of correlated multinormal random parameters. The generalization is accomplished by an orthogonal matrix transformation of the random parameters based on the eigenvectors of the inverse of the covariance matrix. This yields a set of new random parameters which are uncorrelated (independent) and can be subjected to the ordinary latin hypercube sampling, with samples of equal probabilities. Numerical examples of statistical prediction of creep and shrinkage effects in structures confirm the practical feasibility of the method and reveal a good agreement with the scatter observed in some previous experiments.
Pulmonary blood flow and venous return during spontaneous respiration.

During normal spontaneous inspiration pulmonary blood flow increases in spite of an increase in resistance to flow in the pulmonary bed. The enhancement of pulmonary flow is caused by an augmentation of venous return due to thoracic aspiration. The right heart acts as a moderator for the pulmonary flow by temporarily storing part of the large influx of venous blood during inspiration and ejecting the stored part during expiration and the expiratory pause.
Analyzing the psychology and performance of presidential candidates at a distance: Bob Dole and the 1996 presidential campaign

Abstract Modern presidential campaigns require voters to evaluate the character, leadership, and judgment of candidates. But on what basis can this be done? This paper presents a framework for the analysis of these three elements drawing on comparative psychoanalytic theory and the political psychology of leadership and decision making. Relying on publicly available data, I use this framework to construct a profile of Republican candidate Robert Dole and in so doing assess some of its possibilities and limitations.
Microfabricated sampling probes for in vivo monitoring of neurotransmitters.

Microfabricated fluidic systems have emerged as a powerful approach for chemical analysis. Relatively unexplored is the use of microfabrication to create sampling probes. We have developed a sampling probe microfabricated in Si by bulk micromachining and lithography. The probe is 70 μm wide by 85 μm thick by 11 mm long and incorporates two buried channels that are 20 μm in diameter. The tip of the probe has two 20 μm holes where fluid is ejected or collected for sampling. Utility of the probe was demonstrated by sampling from the brain of live rats. For sampling, artificial cerebral spinal fluid was infused in through one channel at 50 nL/min while sample was withdrawn at the same flow rate from the other channel. Analysis of resulting fractions collected every 20 min from the striatum of rats by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry demonstrated reliable detection of 17 neurotransmitters and metabolites. The small probe dimensions suggest it is less perturbing to tissue and can be used to sample s...
Use of Pericardial Fluid pH to Distinguish between Idiopathic and Neoplastic Effusions

Pericardial effusion (PE) resulting from neoplasia usually is associated with a poor prognosis, whereas idiopathic PE frequently has a good prognosis. This study examined the utility of pH measurement to distinguish between these 2 etiologies. Dogs were classified as having idiopathic PE (n = 12) if pericarditis was diagnosed on histopathology (n = 4) or if no historical, physical, or echocardiographic evidence of recurrent PE was present for at least 6 months after pericardiocentesis (n = 8). Dogs were classified as having neoplastic PE (n = 25) if pericardial or myocardial neoplasia was detected on histopathology (n = 11) or a discrete mass associated with the right atrium, right ventricle, or the aorta was visualized on echocardiography (n = 14). Samples of PE were centrifuged and the supernatant pH was measured with a portable pH meter. The lowest pH (6.40) was found in a dog with idiopathic PE and the highest pH (7.85) was found in a dog with neoplastic PE. However, data from the 2 groups overlapped in 33 out of 37 (89%) instances, and median pH from the idiopathic and neoplastic groups was not significantly different (7.40 and 7.47, respectively; P = 0.28; difference in medians = -0.7; 95% CI, -0.26-0.06). Because of the degree of overlap, our data provide little justification for the use of pH measurement as a diagnostic test in cases of PE.
Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy: A Brief Intervention for Psychiatric Inpatients Admitted After a Suicide Attempt.

Abstract To date, no empirically based inpatient intervention for individuals who have attempted suicide exists. We present an overview of a novel psychotherapeutic approach, Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy (PACT), currently under development and empirical testing for inpatients who have been admitted for a recent suicide attempt. PACT is adapted from an efficacious and brief outpatient cognitive therapy protocol (Brown, Henriques, Ratto, & Beck, 2002; Brown et al., 2005) for inpatient delivery to individuals with recent suicide attempts. Within a cognitive framework, attempting suicide is conceptualized as a maladaptive coping strategy that deserves immediate targeted clinical attention regardless of the patient's diagnosis. The primary aims of PACT are to reduce the likelihood of suicide attempt recurrence as well as decrease the severity of established psychological risk factors for suicide. The three phases of PACT involve (1) building a therapeutic alliance and developing a cognitive conceptualization based on the recent suicide attempt; (2) instilling hope, practicing effective coping strategies, and addressing problem-solving deficits; and (3) preventing relapse, constructing a safety plan, and promoting timely linkage with outpatient aftercare services. The efficacy of PACT as a targeted inpatient treatment package remains to be established. The cognitive behavioral components of PACT, as described here, are based on evidence-informed practices aimed at improving the quality of care provided to inpatients following a suicide attempt.
ZnO NANOPARTICLES PREPARED IN THE PRESENCE OF ADDITIVES BY THERMAL DECOMPOSITION METHOD

In this study, different additives such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), aluminum nitrate and tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) are selected, respectively, to bind zinc acetate in order to investigate its role in the formation of ZnO nanoparticles. Accordingly, the morphology and size of produced ZnO nanoparticles are affected by existence of the additives through XRD analyses and TEM observations. The particle size was found to be 32, 14, 15, and 28 nm for pure zinc acetate, zinc acetate/TOPO, zinc acetate/CTAB, and zinc acetate/aluminum nitrate, respectively. It is observed that the TOPO and CTAB decrease the size of ZnO nanoparticles, while the doping of aluminum to the precursor has no effect on its particle size. The obtained ZnO nanoparticles exhibited the direct optical bandgap of about 3.40–3.45 eV and their photoluminescence spectrum has a UV emission peak at about 363 nm which is slightly blue-shifted due to the smaller particle size of the ZnO nanoparticles in the presence of TOPO and CTAB additives.
Supended particulate matter on the southern Argentine shelf

Abstract Concentration of total supended material in waters over the southern Argentine shelf ranged from 0.10 to 40.56 mg/l in May 1975; the mineral phase from 0.04 th 38.62 mg/l; and the organic phase from 0.03 to 1.98 mg/l (4.5–68% of the total). Effluent estuarine waters carry an extremely heavy load of suspended solids, part of which are rapidly lost from the water column. An area of low concentrations was present over the inner shelf at the time of sampling. Offshore, concentrations generally increase with depth, whereas near-surface waters may have higher concentrations than near-bottom waters at nearshore stations. There is little to no movement of suspensates directly across the shelf. Transport appears to follow current patterns of south alongshore, thence east, and finally northeast off the shelf. Export of mineral solids from the shelf is estimated to be between 48 and 117 million metric tons (MT) per year. Most of the material comes from the Argentine land area with minor sources present in the Falkland Islands and south of the South American continent. Between 10 and 100 million MT/yr is estimated to be contributed from fluvial sources and up to 39 million MT/yr by cliff erosion. A large part of the fluvial material is temporarily deposited near the point of input. This material is probably resuspended and deposited serveral times before escaping the shelf regime. Nearshore, the clay mineral suites are dominated by well-crystallized montmorillonite which apparently settles rapidly. Poorly crystalline montmorillonite is present over the southern shelf and near the shelf edge. Chlorite and illite are abundant everywhere. kaolinite is present in most samples. No distincitive mineral suites were present that could be ascribed to separate water masses or different sources.
Flexible Vision Control System For Precision Robotic Arc Welding

A system is described which is based on a unique weld image sensor design which integrates the optical system into the weld end effector to produce the so-called "coaxial view" of the weld zone. The resulting weld image is processed by a flexible, table driven vision processing system which can be adapted to detect a variety of features and feature relationships. Provision is made for interactive "teaching" of image features for generation of table parameters from test welds. A table driven control program allows various vision control strategies to be invoked. The main result of the system is a level of emulation of the capability of the expert welder or welding operator, essential to successful precision welding robotization.
The Transient Modelling of an Ocean Thermal Energy Converter Boiler

Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is a process in which the thermal gradient in ocean waters is used to evaporate and condense a working fluid and thereby extract useful work. Most studies of OTEC systems have focused on the economics and steady state behavior of this alternative energy conversion method. In this paper, one subsystem of the OTEC process is modelled in full transient, non-linear detail. Non-linearities occur due to the two-phase boiling process and the enthalpy-temperature thermophysics of the working fluid. The distributed nature of the system occurs due to the continuous change of percent gas in the boiler as the working fluid moves from the entrance (all liquid) to exit (all or nearly all gas). A numerical solution technique is proposed based on discretization. The evaporator considered is of the cross-flow type using propane as the working fluid, however the technique is valid for any channel configuration and working fluid provided that vertical flow exists in the working fluid. The model is used for transient studies in a wide range of working states.
Abstract 2134: Unique and redundant roles of human RecQ homologs in cellular response to oxidative DNA damage

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL RecQ helicases contribute diverse activities towards genome maintenance in response to a variety of DNA lesions. Human RecQ homologs include RECQ1, BLM, WRN, RECQL4, and RECQ5α. Although these RecQ proteins are similar in their catalytic core and share certain biochemical properties in vitro, mutations in BLM, WRN and RecQ4 lead to clinically distinct diseases of cancer predisposition. This suggests that each human RecQ protein functions in distinct molecular events, but their specialized functions are only vaguely understood. RECQ1 is the most abundant but poorly characterized RecQ homolog in humans. Biochemically, RECQ1 displayed distinct substrate specificities from WRN and BLM, indicating that these helicases likely perform non-overlapping functions. Cellular studies imply that RECQ1 is involved in cellular proliferation and maintenance of genomic stability. We have obtained key preliminary evidence suggesting a unique role of RECQ1 in repair of oxidative DNA damage. RECQ1 is quickly recruited to the chromatin when cells are exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Remarkably, the chromatin localization of RECQ1 is more robust and rapid than that of WRN helicase which has been shown to function in oxidative DNA damage repair. Deficiency in WRN or BLM helicase result in reduced homologous recombination and over-activation of PARP under basal condition; however, RECQ1-deficiency did not lead to PARP activation in undamaged cells and resulted in a comparatively modest, but significant, reduction in relative homologous recombination repair. In stark contrast to what is seen in WRN-deficiency, RECQ1-depleted cells over-activate PARP in a specific response to H2O2 treatment. Nonetheless, similar to WRN, RECQ1 associates with PARP-1 in human cells. Our results suggest a novel and non-overlapping role of RecQ1 in exogenously induced-oxidative DNA damage repair via modulation of PARP-1. Given that several RecQ proteins exhibit interaction with PARP-1, this study should provide a paradigm to delineate specialized and redundant functions of human RecQ homologs in DNA repair mechanisms. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2134. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2134
The heart and diaphragm: target organs in the neonatal death induced by nitrofen (2,4-dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether).

Abstract This paper examines the effects of in utero exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenyl- p -nitrophenyl ether (nitrofen) on the viability of neonatal Long-Evans rats. Oral administration of this herbicide on days 8–18 of gestation reduced neonatal survival and birth weight. Day 11 of gestation was the most sensitive day for induction of neonatal mortality; 116 mg/kg to the dam on this day was the LD 50 for the noenate. An increased incidence of hydronephrosis was observed in 35-day survivors. This increase was dose-related in animals exposed on day 11 of gestation. Fetuses exposed on day 11 and examined at term had reduced weights, delayed skeletal ossification, and an increased frequency of hydronephrosis and diaphragmatic hernias. While nitrofen did cause a high incidence of hydronephrosis, BUN or creatinine levels in 4-h neonates were not elevated. Detailed examination of the hearts of term fetuses revealed cardiac malformations classified as ventricular septal defect, double outlet right ventricle, and transposition of the great vessels. We conclude from these studies that the heart and the diaphragm are the target organs in nitrofen-induced neonatal death.
Breast lymphoma associated with breast implants: Two case-reports and a review of the literature

Breast lymphoma is a rare entity consisting mostly of B-cell lymphomas that affects older women. Very few cases of breast lymphomas of T-cell origin have been reported. Even fewer cases of breast lymphomas have been reported in women who have received breast implants. Silicone, a frequent component of breast implants, has been extensively investigated as a possible etiologic agent for some neoplasias and autoimmune disorders, including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We herein report two unusual cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma of T-cell phenotype developing in the breasts of women who had received breast implants.
The influence of cones on rod saturation with flashed backgrounds.

Abstract The increment threshold for a middle-wavelength test flash was measured at the onset of a concentric long-wavelength background flash under conditions that have previously been shown to result in rod system saturation. The influence of the cone system on rod saturation under these conditions was assessed using the Stiles-Crawford effect in normal subjects and by measuring rod thresholds in protanopes. who are deficient in long-wavelength cones. When the background flash is made less effective for cones through the Stiles-Crawford effect, the onset of rod saturation occurs at a higher luminance of background flash than normal. Similarly, protanopes do not show the characteristics of rod saturation until a much higher-than-normal luminance of background flash. The results suggest that rod system saturation with flashed backgrounds is strongly influenced by cones.
Variation in universal temperature dependence of biological rates

For more than a century, biologists have known that body temperature strongly affects the capacities and rates of organisms and thus is a key determinant of organismal performance and Darwinian fitness (1⇓–3). Although rate/temperature (RT) relationships have been quantified for many traits and taxa, interest in RT studies is being revitalized because RT relationships are relevant to predicting biological responses to climate warming (4), as well as to testing the metabolic theory of ecology (MTE), a thermodynamic model of the impacts of body size, temperature, and metabolism on broad-scale biological patterns (5, 6). In PNAS, Dell et al. (7) present a massive compilation of RT data, evaluate quantitative predictions of MTE, and analyze systematic patterns of variation in temperature sensitivity. Their findings both support and challenge MTE, and their analyses will prompt new insights into systematic variation in temperature sensitivity of biological traits.
Stationary low-coherence light imaging and spectroscopy using a CCD camera

We describe a new optical low-coherence reflectometer (interferometer) for depth profiling and lateral scanning without moving parts which can also be employed as a stationary FT-IR spectrometer. The reflectometer covers a range of 0.45 mm and 1 mm in the depth and lateral dimensions, respectively. The entire depth range is recorded simultaneously in one scan using a cooled 16-bit CCD camera; the lateral dimension is covered by scanning the probe beam sequentially across the sample with an acousto- optic deflector. The frequency shift generated by this deflector and an additional one placed in the reference arm creates an AC heterodyne signal with a frequency of 2kHz. Since the CCD camera cannot record the AC signal directly, a special readout scheme is employed. Stationary imaging was demonstrated using an artificial phantom. Using the same interferometer configured as a stationary FT-IR spectrometer, we measured the emission spectrum of a LED with a resolution of 0.74 nm at a central wavelength of 820 nm. We discuss the performance of the stationary CCD imaging system and compare it to that of a single-detector system employing moving parts.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Enraizamento de estacas de maracujazeiro-doce (Passiflora alata Curtis).

O maracujazeiro esta entre as principais frutiferas cultivadas no Pais. Apesar da dormencia, desuniformidade na germinacao, segregacao genetica e perda da viabilidade, a multiplicacao desta frutifera ainda predomina por sementes. A estaquia permite superar essas dificuldades, produzindo mudas com excelente qualidade, em pequeno espaco fisico e em curto periodo. Sendo assim, avaliaram-se aplicacao de acido indolbutirico (AIB) e a presenca de folhas no enraizamento de estacas caulinares de maracujazeiro-doce ( Passiflora alata Curtis). As estacas foram preparadas a partir da porcao mediana dos ramos, de forma que cada uma apresentasse entre 10 e 15 cm de comprimento e quatro gemas. Foram utilizadas quatro concentracoes de AIB (0; 1.000; 2.000 e 4.000 mg L -1 ) e dois tipos de estacas, com ou sem folhas. Apos o preparo, a base das estacas foi mantida durante cinco segundos em solucao de auxina, nas concentracoes propostas, e, em seguida, cerca de 1/3 da estaca foi inserida no canteiro de propagacao. Avaliaram-se a brotacao (%), o enraizamento (%), as perdas (%), a formacao de calo (%), o numero de raizes por estaca e o comprimento medio das raizes. Nao houve interacao significativa entre concentracao de auxina e tipo de estacas para as variaveis avaliadas. A aplicacao de auxina nao favoreceu o enraizamento de estacas de maracuja-doce. Ja a presenca de folhas proporcionou 61,2% de enraizamento, enquanto, nas estacas sem folhas, houve apenas 7,9% de enraizamento. A propagacao vegetativa de maracujazeiro-doce pode ser realizada sem aplicacao de auxina, desde que sejam mantidas folhas nas estacas.
Development of an EUV reflectometer using a laser plasma x-ray source

In order to evaluate the performance of multilayer optics, we have successfully developed a simple, laboratory-sized reflectometer that can be operated readily on a routine basis. This reflectometer makes use of a single line emission at the wavelength of 12.98 nm from a CO2 gas-jet laser-plasma x-ray source that can be readily operated on a routine basis. Our reflectometer achieved repeatability of less than +/- 0.8% in reflectivity measurements. The peak reflectivity of a sample determined by calculation based on multilayer mirror parameters obtained from our reflectometer was within +/- 1.3% of that obtained by an SR-based reflectometer. These results confirm that our reflectometer performs well enough to evaluate multilayer optics.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Relationships of Dopamine, Cortical Oxygen Pressure, and Hydroxyl Radicals in Brain of Newborn Piglets During Hypoxia and Posthypoxic Recovery

The present study describes the relationships of extracellular striatal dopamine, cortical oxygen pressure, and striatal hydroxyl radicals in brain of newborn piglets during hypoxia and posthypoxic reoxygenation. Hypoxia was induced by reducing the fraction of inspired oxygen (F i O 2 ) from 22% (control) to 7% for 1 h. The F i O 2 was then returned to the control value and measurements were continued for 2 h. Cerebral oxygen pressure was measured by the oxygen dependent quenching of phosphorescence and extracellular levels of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), and hydroxy radicals in the striatum were determined by in vivo microdialysis. Hypoxia decreased the cortical oxygen pressure from 47 ± 2 to 9 ± 1.3 torr (p <0.001) ; the levels of extracellular dopamine in the striatum increased to 16,000 ± 3,270% of control (p < 0.01), whereas the levels of DOPAC and HVA decreased to 25.3 ± 6% (p < 0.001) and 36 ± 5% (p < 0.01) of control, respectively. Compared with control, the hydroxyl radical levels at each time point were not significantly increased during hypoxia, although the sum of the measured values was significantly increased (p < 0.05). During the first 5 min after F i O 2 was returned to 22%, the cortical oxygen pressure increased to control values and stayed at this level for the remainder of the measurement period. The extracellular level of dopamine declined to values not statistically different from control during 40 min of reoxygenation. During the first 10 min of reoxygenation, DOPAC and HVA further decreased and then began to slowly increase. By 70 min of reoxygenation, the values were not significantly different from control. Hydroxyl radicals were above control during the entire period of reoxygenation, with maximal values observed after 100 min of reoxygenation. This increase was largely abolished by injecting the animals with α-methyl-p-tyrosine 5 h before hypoxia, a procedure that depleted the brain of dopamine. Our results suggest that oxidation of striatal dopamine during posthypoxic reoxygenation is at least partly responsible for the observed increase in striatal level of hydroxyl radicals that may exacerbate posthypoxic cerebral injury.
Gore-Tex patch sling: 7 years later.

Abstract Objectives. To assess the long-term results of a transvaginal endoscopic Gore-Tex patch sling in women with genuine stress urinary incontinence due to urethral hypermobility and/or intrinsic sphincter deficiency, with or without coexistent urge incontinence. Methods. Between December 1989 and June 1994, we performed a Gore-Tex patch sling procedure in 141 consecutive women. All patients had documented stress urinary incontinence on preoperative videourodynamic testing. We conducted outcomes analysis using the information from postoperative office visits, detailed chart reviews, patient questionnaires, and telephone surveys. Results. A complete follow-up was available in 90 patients. The mean follow-up was 51 months (range 27 to 84). Their mean age was 54.2 years (range 32 to 86). Stress incontinence was completely cured in 80 (88.9%) of 90 patients. Pure stress incontinence persisted in 4 (4.4%) of 90 patients. Mixed incontinence occurred in 6 (6.7%) of 90 patients. Pure urge incontinence was experienced by 16 (17.8%) of 90 patients. Six patients required incision of the Gore-Tex patch for obstruction or retention; 3 remain continent. Five patients developed vaginal granulation tissue requiring Gore-Tex patch removal; 1 remains continent. There was no bladder or urethral erosion. Conclusions. The transvaginal Gore-Tex patch sling has provided durable efficacy with minimal morbidity for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence due to anatomic urethral hypermobility and/or intrinsic sphincter deficiency.
Inducibility of metabolic insecticide defenses in boll weevils and tobacco budworm caterpillars

Abstract Of five cotton allelochemicals, (+)-α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, gossypol, umbelliferone, and scopoletin, all except gossypol induced cytochrome P-450 content, N-demethylation, and epoxidation activities more in tobacco budworm larval midguts than in adult or larval boll weevils. All except gossypol also induced glutathione transferase activity in tobacco budworm larval midguts and adult boll weevils. Microsomal esterase activity was unaffected or suppressed by all five allelochemicals. Soluble esterase activities were unaffected, or induced only in boll weevil larvae. The contrast in insecticide resistance development between the tobacco budworm and the boll weevil may be, in part, related to superior inducibility of cytochrome P-450 and associated activities in the former species in addition to overall higher uninduced activities (26).
Mechanism of Relief of Tachypnea During Pressure Support Ventilation

Pressure support ventilation (PSV) provides a range of ventilatory support from partial respiratory muscle unloading, where inspiratory work is shared between the patient and the mechanical ventilator, to total respiratory muscle unloading, where inspiratory work is performed solely by the ventilator. This study is designed to determine if minimizing work fully accounts for relief of tachypnea during PSV. We examined respiratory parameters over a range of PSV that includes the crossover from partial to total respiratory muscle unloading. Eight studies were obtained on seven intubated patients in respiratory failure. Ventilation, occlusion pressure (P0.1), and patient inspiratory work (WOBinsp) were measured while PSV was varied. In all patients, WOBinsp decreased as PSV increased. The level of PSV where WOBinsp was minimized was identified; this marked the crossover from partial to total respiratory muscle unloading. Frequency decreased with increasing PSV but remained elevated (range, 22 to 38 breaths/min) at the crossover. Frequency was normalized only at PSV levels 131 to 193% of the levels of pressure at the crossover. Tidal volume (VT) changed little during partial support and averaged 5.9 mL/kg at the crossover. VT increased only on PSV providing total unloading. Six of seven patients exhibited increasing static compliance with increasing VT suggesting alveolar recruitment. P0.1 tracked WOBinsp over the entire range of PSV (r=0.95, p
Performance Analysis of Multi-hop IEEE 802.11 DCF Backhaul Networks

Because of the wide deployment of 802.11 equipments in the past decade, current applications are not limited anymore to only single access points (AP) deployments for indoor usage, but have been extended to multi-hop networks to fulfill the need of high speed connectivity in mobile environments, where the analysis of multi-hop networks is extremely complicated. The behavior of an AP is dependent not only on its neighborspsila behavior, but also on the behavior of other hidden nodes. In this paper, we provide an accurate and verified multi-hop wireless backhaul analysis for performance of IEEE 802.11 DCF in terms of the channel throughput using a static channel error rate. The model is based on analysis of a single hop communications for evaluating the multi-hop wireless backhaul networks. We utilized our existing 3.5-mile Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) test bed on the BNSF railroad track in Nebraska to validate the model. Our field measurements and simulation results show that our proposed model is accurate.
A conditional nonparametric test for comparing two areas under the ROC curves from a paired design1

Rationale and objectives To develop a conditional nonparametric procedure for comparing two correlated areas under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC). Materials and methods A nonparametric conditional test to compare areas under two ROC curves was developed using the distribution of the elements of the nonparametric AUC estimators in a permutation space. The conditioning is made on the observed discordances between the relative orderings of ratings of the normal and abnormal cases for the two modalities taken over all possible pairs. The type I error of the procedure was verified using computer simulations. The power of the test was compared with an existing unconditional procedure on simulated datasets from binormal distributions as well as from a mixture of binormal distributions of ratings. Results The proposed test is conservative for low sample sizes, large AUC, and high correlation between modalities. It possesses a reasonable type I error for sample sizes as low as 20 actually positive and 20 actually negative cases. In plausible situations in which the sample in observer performance studies can not be monotonically transformed into a binormal distribution, this approach may have modest power advantages over the conventional nonparametric test. Conclusion The conditional nonparametric test presented here is an alternative approach to existing unconditional procedures and may offer advantages in certain types of observer performance studies.