cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Development of Non-Superconducting Phases During Melt Processing of Ag-Sheathed 2212 Tapes

The grain size of the non-superconducting phases [(Sr,Ca)CuO2 (1:1) and a Cu-free phase (~ Bi(Sr,Ca)2Ox)] that coexist with liquid in the melt when melt processing BSCCO2212 were studied as a function of temperature and time. The size of the Cu-free phase on cooling to 870°C, which is the temperature where 2212 begins to form from the liquid on cooling, increases with increasing maximum melt processing temperature, but does not increase significantly with time during the interval needed for melt processing. The size of the 1:1 phase was not significantly affected by temperature up to 910°C, but increased with time. The implications of these observation on developing a melt processing schedule that yields a highly-aligned, homogeneous microstructure are discussed.
The necessity of influence: New Writing articles and establishing creative writing scholarship

ABSTRACTAs creative writing studies develops, it will draw upon previous scholarship in articles published in flagship journals like New Writing. This study examines the first nine years of New Writing articles and finds that use of citations increases over this period, and authors cite a core group of scholars frequently, building an academic canon. Additionally, some articles demonstrate an awareness of a scholarly community through sentence-subjects. Overall, it appears that creative writing studies articles in New Writing are invoking the influence of those scholars who came before.
Effect of cortisone on serum non-specific hyaluronidase inhibitor following surgical trauma.

SummaryFollowing repeated wounding of healthy mongrel dogs there is a rise in the titer of the serum non-specific hyaluronidase inhibitor which tends to return to normal preoperative values as healing occurs. This response of the inhibitor is unaltered by the administration of cortisone under the conditions of this experiment.
MEASUREMENTS BY DNA HYBRIDIZATION IN VITRO OF THE GENETIC BASIS OF PARASITIC REDUCTION.

Structural and functional simplification is a characteristic often attributed to parasites. Reduction of metabolic and synthetic capacities of parasites has been suggested (Weisz, 1967; Baer, 1951; Jones, 1967). Reduction in the parasite genome may make the parasite dependent upon the genome of its host (NimmoSmith, 1963; Maclnnis, 1969). Similar reduction may occur in the members of symbiotic associations (Dubos and Kessler, 1963). However, there is scant experimental evidence to support these hypotheses. Many references have been made to evolutionary processes which could lead to this reduction. Deletions or inactivations of a synthetic pathway have been shown to have a selective advantage for an organism in an environment which supplies the end-product of the deleted pathway (Zamenhof and Eichhorn, 1967). Viral RNA, replicating in vitro in a system which did not select for most viral functions, resulted in an 83% reduction in the size of the viral genome (Mills et al., 1967). Species of Diptera which have been adequately studied show repeats and doublets of various kinds in the banding patterns of their chromosomes, indicating duplications of the genetic material which normally must be balanced by deletions (White, 1954). The observed exponential divergence with time of nucleotide sequences in vertebrates, as measured by DNA hybridization in vitro, can be explained by deletions averaging 1000 base pairs every 60 years; this loss would
Bilateral Testicular Injury from External Trauma

AbstractAmong 79 patients with testicular injury as a result of external trauma 5 had bilateral injury. Such injury occurred in only 1 of 66 patients (1.5 per cent) with blunt trauma versus 4 of 13 (31 per cent) with penetrating trauma. Bilateral ruptures were managed by bilateral partial orchiectomy in 2 cases, and orchiectomy with contralateral debridement and suturing in 1. Of 2 patients with unilateral rupture and contralateral contusion the contusions were treated by evacuation of the hematoma and the ruptures were managed by orchiectomy in 1 and partial orchiectomy in the other.Four patients were available for followup. One patient was hormonally anorchid but he obtained normal erections with testosterone cypionate, 1 had normal serum testosterone concentrations but borderline normal semen analysis, and 1 had reduced erections and borderline normal semen. The remaining patient had normal erections and no semen analysis was performed. The nature of the injury rather than the type of treatment appears...
Influence maximization through adaptive seeding

In this monograph we survey the adaptive seeding methodology for influence maximization. Influence maximization is the challenge of spreading information effectively through influential users in a social network. In many applications, one is restricted to select influencers from a set of users who engaged with the topic being promoted, and due to the structure of social networks, these users often rank low in terms of their influence potential. An alternative approach one can consider is an adaptive method which selects users in a manner which targets their influential neighbors. The advantage of such an approach is that it leverages the friendship paradox in social networks: while users are often not influential themselves, they know someone who is.Adaptive seeding is a two-stage stochastic optimization framework, designed to leverage the friendship paradox to seed high influential nodes. This framework encompasses a rich set of algorithmic challenges at the intersection of stochastic optimization and submodular optimization. We discuss this method here, along with algorithmic approaches, the friendship paradox in random graph models, and experiments on adaptive seeding.
Mechanism of Na‐Ion Storage in Hard Carbon Anodes Revealed by Heteroatom Doping

Hard carbon is the leading candidate anode for commercialization of Na-ion batteries. Hard carbon has a unique local atomic structure, which is composed of nanodomains of layered rumpled sheets that have short-range local order resembling graphene within each layer, but complete disorder along the c-axis between layers. A primary challenge holding back the development of Na-ion batteries is that a complete understanding of the structure–capacity correlations of Na-ion storage in hard carbon has remained elusive. This article presents two key discoveries: first, the characteristics of hard carbons structure can be modified systematically by heteroatom doping, and second, that these structural changes greatly affect Na-ion storage properties, which reveals the mechanisms for Na storage in hard carbon. Specifically, via P or S doping, the interlayer spacing is dilated, which extends the low-voltage plateau capacity, while increasing the defect concentrations with P or B doping leads to higher sloping sodiation capacity. The combined experimental studies and first principles calculations reveal that it is the Na-ion-defect binding that corresponds to the sloping capacity, while the Na intercalation between graphenic layers causes the low-potential plateau capacity. The understanding suggests a new design principle of hard carbon anode: more reversibly binding defects and dilated turbostratic domains, given that the specific surface area is maintained low.
A mixed-methods analysis of logging injuries in Montana and Idaho.

Background Despite advances in mechanization, logging continues to be one of the most dangerous occupations in the United States. Logging in the Intermountain West region (Montana and Idaho) is especially hazardous due to steep terrain, extreme weather, and remote work locations. Methods We implemented a mixed-methods approach combining analyses of workers’ compensation claims and focus groups to identify factors associated with injuries and fatalities in the logging industry. Results Inexperienced workers (>6 months experience) accounted for over 25% of claims. Sprain/strain injuries were the most common, accounting for 36% of claims, while fatalities had the highest median claim cost ($274 411). Focus groups identified job tasks involving felling trees, skidding, and truck driving as having highest risk. Conclusions Injury prevention efforts should focus on training related to safe work methods (especially for inexperienced workers), the development of a safety culture and safety leadership, as well as implementation of engineering controls.
Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening with the CBCL/1½-5: Findings for Young Children at High Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The screening power of the CBCL/1½–5’s Withdrawn and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Pervasive Developmental Problems (DSM-PDP) scales to identify children diagnosed with auti...
Radiation-induced circumscribed superficial morphea after brachytherapy for endometrial adenocarcinoma.

Abstract Radiation-induced morphea (RIM) is a rare and underrecognized complication of radiation therapy that most commonly occurs in women after treatment for breast cancer. Although not fully understood, RIM is hypothesized to arise from an increase in cytokines that stimulate collagen production and extracellular matrix formation. Most documented cases of RIM occur 1 year after radiation therapy and are localized to areas that were treated for breast cancer. We report on a case of a female patient with stage IB endometrial adenocarcinoma who was treated with 24 Gray of adjuvant brachytherapy. The patient developed a diffuse morpheaform, pruritic eruption only at distant sites from the brachytherapy treatment field. Although treatment for RIM is generally unsatisfactory, our patient experienced improvement in the pruritus and a regression of the lesions while applying topical 0.1% tacrolimus ointment and 0.1% triamcinolone creme. An early diagnosis of RIM can prevent extensive workup, guide treatment, and improve quality of life for patients.
Is universal grading of diastolic function by echocardiography feasible

Quantitation of diastolic function centers on the assessment of active and passive ventricular properties, and involves measurement estimates of ventricular relaxation, and chamber and myocardial stiffness. Diastolic dysfunction is a propensity to develop increased left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure. Recently American Society of Echocardiography and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (ASE/EACVI) proposed a new grading system. While the new guidelines are ambiguous and with cutoff points that may misclassify patients as both sicker and healthier than they are. This article outlines the pathophysiology behind the diastolic dysfunction and role and limitation of echocardiographic assessment in predicting LV diastolic dysfunction.
Testing the limits of the Stoney Equation for assessing stress in thin films from interferometric wavefront deformation measurements

We describe an optical measurement technique based on Carrier Frequency Interferometry (CFI) that allows to measure wavefront deformation of coated optics with high accuracy. The sensitivity of the method is considerably greater than phase shifting interferometry. The limits of validity of the Stoney equation in calculating stress in thin films is assessed using CFI. The evolution of stress in Ta2O5 films deposited by ion beam sputtering is also evaluated.
Stereodivergent Allylation of Azaaryl Acetamides and Acetates by Synergistic Iridium and Copper Catalysis

We report stereodivergent allylic substitution reactions of allylic esters with prochiral enolates derived from azaaryl acetamides and acetates to form products from addition of the enolates at the most substituted carbon of an allyl moiety with two catalysts, a chiral metallacyclic iridium complex and a chiral bisphosphine-ligated copper(I) complex, which individually control the configuration of the electrophilic and nucleophilic carbon atoms, respectively. By simple permutations of enantiomers of the two catalysts, all four stereoisomers of products containing two stereogenic centers were synthesized individually with high diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity. A variety of azaaryl acetamides and acetates bearing pyridyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, pyrazinyl, quinolinyl and isoquinolinyl moieties were all found to be suitable for this transformation.
Drinking from the Fire Hose: How Massive Self-Surveillance and the Internet of Things Are Changing Constitutional Privacy

In an era of diminishing privacy, the Internet of Things (“IoT”) has become a consensual and inadvertent tool that undermines privacy protection. The IoT, really systems of networks connected to each other by the Internet or other radio-type device, creates consensual mass self-surveillance in such domains as fitness and the Fitbit, health care and heart monitors, “smart” houses and cars, and even “smart” cities. The multiple networks also have created a degree of interconnectivity that has opened up a fire hose of information for companies and governments alike, as well as making it virtually insuperable to live off of “the grid” in the modern era. This treasure trove of information allows for government tracking in unprecedented ways. This paper explores the influence of the IoT, the mass self-surveillance it produces on privacy, and the new shapes of privacy that are emerging as a result. This paper offers several forms of protection against the further dissipation of privacy. We have met the enemy, and he is us. –Theunis Bates
Energy, CO2s and water on the African Continent

Abstract. African nations share a common situation in that they pollute little in terms of CO2s globally speaking, but at the same time global warming will likely have terrible consequences for the continent, set to face a sharp population increase. They have now access to few energy resources, which is conducive to their poverty. New renewables belong to the future (solar, wind, geo-thermal), whereas old renewables -wood, coal-– are a thing of the past. The coal or oil and gas dependent giants must start energy transformation, as must the many countries relying upon traditional biomass, or charcoal. The use of wood coal is simply too large for the survival of the African forests. Africa need lots of energy to handle the coming crisis ofpotable water, as lakes and rivers are shrinking and degraded by pollution, dams and overfishing. Keywords. African energy and CO2 emissions, Fresh and clean water, Lakes and rivers, New and old renewables, Coal or oil and gas dependency, Super Fund. JEL. N70, O13, Q40.
Inheritance and development of reduced and elevated palmitate in mutant lines of soybean

The saturated fatty ester content of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil may influence its use in food products. The palmitate content in the seed oil of common soybean cultivars is 110 g kg"^. Soybeans with reduced or elevated palmitate have been developed. An inheritance study was conducted to determine if the fapx allele for reduced palmitate in A22 was at the same locus as fap2 in C1727 and if the fap? allele in A24 for elevated palmitate was at the same locus as fapl. The F2 segregation ratios and the segregation of F3 seeds from the Fj plants indicated that A22 and A24 have alleles at different independent loci than those of C1726, C1727, and A21. The temporary designation of fapx for the allele in A22 was replaced by the permanent designation of fap3, and the temporary designation of fap? for the allele in A24 was replaced by the permanent designation of fap4. The study showed that there are at least four independent loci in soybean that control palmitate content. It would be useful in a breeding program to be able to distinguish between normal, reduced, and elevated palmitate genotypes before the flowering of a plant is complete or the seed is mature. A separate experiment was conducted to
Assessment of a commercial spider venom peptide against spotted-wing Drosophila and interaction with adjuvants

Chemical control of insect pests in food crops is dominated by broad-spectrum insecticides from a few classes, and there is an urgent need for alternative modes of action. We examined the efficacy of a spider venom peptide, GS-omega/kappa-Hxtx-Hv1a (hereafter, Hv1a) for control of spotted-wing Drosophila and evaluated the importance of phagostimulants and adjuvants for its efficacy. Topical and residual activity of Hv1a was low, with only 17.5% of exposed adult D. suzukii dying after 72 h. In contrast, 100% adult mortality was observed after 24 h when three adjuvants were added to Hv1a. Survival of eggs of D. suzukii oviposited into blueberries was also reduced by exposure to Hv1a combined with the same adjuvants, indicating that Hv1a activity against D. suzukii in the laboratory, but requires penetration of the insect cuticle for efficacy. In a field trial in blueberries, Hv1a gave comparable control to phosmet, and significantly reduced infestation in fruit. This biopesticide adds a new mode of action to the options available for integrated pest management of this and other insect’s pests.
The carbohydrate on human chorionic gonadotropin produced by cancer cells.

Standard hCG and its subunits in pregnancy urine and serum contain N-linked biantennary oligosaccharides (1), through which they bind the lectin Con A (2). However, as recently shown, that produced by nontrophoblastic malignancies and in vitro by choriocarcinoma cells only partially binds this lectin (Table 1). On this basis, it has been suggested that cancer cell hCG subunits have an alternative oligosaccharide structure (3, 4), or a reduced carbohydrate content or are sugar-free (4). The DoT and CaSki cell lines were established from the tumors of two patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the cervix. Immunoreactive hCG/hCGs was detected in the serum of both patients and in the spent medium from the corresponding cell lines (5, 6). The hCG from DoT and CaSki cell lines only partially binds Con A. To study this phenomenon, the hCG produced by DoT cells was compared with standard hCG in terms of its oligosaccharide structure. Methods are described whereby the oligosaccharides on trace amounts of ectopic glycoprotein can be compared to those of glycoprotein with known oligosaccharide structure. Methods, developed with mg quantities of standard hCGs, were applied to trace amounts of ectopic hCGs from DoT culture fluids.
Lymphoid Tumors of the Orbit

Lymphoid diseases of the orbit occur infrequently and can present as a spectrum of a disease process ranging from pseudotumor to malignant lymphoma (Austin-Seymour et al. 1985). Accurate identification and appropriate management of this process is imperative since it can frequently progress to a disseminated fatal disease.
Clinical and surgical implications of intraoperative optical coherence tomography imaging for benign pediatric vocal fold lesions.

Abstract Introduction Benign vocal disorders in children include an extensive list of abnormalities creating a variety of debilitating levels of dysphonia. Precise delineation of the benign lesion type and margins may have significant public health implications in children. An innovative technology such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) is being explored to delineate pediatric benign laryngeal lesions. An accurate assessment of the subepithelial morphology may help towards tailoring more personalized therapeutic treatments. This study was established to highlight key morphological and optical features of benign pediatric laryngeal lesions using intraoperative OCT and to suggest clinical implications that arise from such optical imaging. Methods and materials This in vivo study was performed at Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary. Intraoperative imaging was performed on twenty-five pediatric patients ranging from 1 year to 16 years of age presenting hoarseness. Three-dimensional OCT images of benign laryngeal lesions or a subsite of the lesion were acquired. Results High-resolution OCT images of 25 patients with benign laryngeal lesions such as nodules, cysts, Reinke's edema, vocalis sulcus, and papilloma revealed distinct and specific morphological differences with normal tissue. Nodules show a symmetrical superficial remodeling of the vocal fold epithelial layer and the basement membrane. Cysts have oval-like shape and are either superficial or deeply located in the lamina propria. Sulcus vocalis OCT imaging allows characterizing if the lesion is shallow or deep according to Ford's classification system. Reinke's edema of the mucosa can be observed and quantified, which may lead to suspicion on the underlying social and medical conditions. Finally, the ability to assess margins and depth of invasion of papilloma lesions is demonstrated, raising the possibility to use OCT with angiolytic lasers for patient-tailored treatments. Conclusions OCT imaging of benign pediatric vocal lesions is promising as it could improve preoperative decision-making and possibly peroperative imaging-guidance for patient-tailored treatments. An assessment of the optical contrast between healthy and abnormal tissue may help towards a more qualitative and quantitative approach to current standard care, especially when diagnosis remains unclear.
Public preferences regarding police facebook posts: a macro-level analysis

Police agencies have adopted social media quite widely, but researchers have paid relatively little attention to the phenomenon. To date few studies have explored public reaction to police use of ...
Site-specific mutagenesis in the analysis of a viral replicon.

The small circular genome of Simian Virus 40 (SV40) is a relatively simple mammalian replicon, a DNA molecule that contains a signal for the origin of DNA replication and gene(s) for protein(s) involved in initiating DNA synthesis at the origin (Jacob and Brenner 1963). SV40 DNA replicates in the nucleus of infected monkey cells, replication commencing at a specific site in the DNA located in a regulatory segment of the viral genome between the start of early and late genes, and proceeding bidirectionally from that site (see Fig. 1) (Danna and Nathans 1972; Fareed et al. 1972). That SV40 DNA codes for a protein involved in the initiation of viral DNA replication was inferred from the observation that tsA mutants of SV40 are defective in initiation of DNA replication at the nonpermissive temperature (Tegtmeyer 1972). The mutational alterations in tsA mutants map in the gene for the SV40 T antigen (Lai and Nathans 1975). Direct interaction in vitro of T antigen with the SV40 replication origin region (Tjian 1978a, b) suggests that specific T antigen binding to the origin signal may be the initial event in SV40 DNA replication.
EOP: An Encryption-Obfuscation Solution for Protecting PCBs Against Tampering and Reverse Engineering.

PCBs are the core components for the devices ranging from the consumer electronics to military applications. Due to the accessibility of the PCBs, they are vulnerable to the attacks such as probing, eavesdropping, and reverse engineering. In this paper, a solution named EOP is proposed to migrate these threats. EOP encrypts the inter-chip communications with the stream cipher. The encryption and decryption are driven by the dedicated clock modules. These modules guarantee the stream cipher is correctly synchronized and free from tampering. Additionally, EOP also incorporates the PCB-level obfuscation for protection against reverse engineering. EOP is designated to be accomplished by utilizing the COTS components. For the validation, EOP is implemented in a Zynq SoC based system. Both the normal operation and tampering detection performance are verified. The results show that EOP can deliver the data from one chip to another without any errors. It is proved to be sensitive to any active tampering attacks.
Trace Gas Sensing through Purcell-Enhanced Raman Scattering in Pressurized Microcavities

Minimally long microcavities were constructed for Purcell-enhanced Raman scattering in gases at up to 12 bar pressure. A linear emission rate confirms pressure broadening remains exceeded by the cavity linewidth, making pressurization beneficial.
Can a Signing Virtual Human Engage a Baby's Attention?

The child developmental period of ages 6-12 months marks a widely understood "critical period" for healthy language learning, during which, failure to receive exposure to language can place babies at risk for language and reading problems spanning life. Deaf babies constitute one vulnerable population as they can experience dramatically reduced or no access to usable linguistic input during this period. Technology has been used to augment linguistic input (e.g., auditory devices; language videotapes) but research finds limitations in learning. We evaluated an AI system that uses an Avatar (provides language and socially contingent interactions) and a robot (aids attention to the Avatar) to facilitate infants' ability to learn aspects of American Sign Language (ASL), and asked three questions: (1) Can babies with little/no exposure to ASL distinguish among the Avatar's different conversational modes (Linguistic Nursery Rhymes; Social Gestures; Idle/nonlinguistic postures; 3rd person observer)? (2) Can an Avatar stimulate babies' production of socially contingent responses, and crucially, nascent language responses? (3) What is the impact of parents' presence/absence of conversational participation? Surprisingly, babies (i) spontaneously distinguished among Avatar conversational modes, (ii) produced varied socially contingent responses to Avatar's modes, and (iii) parents influenced an increase in babies' response tokens to some Avatar modes, but the overall categories and pattern of babies' behavioral responses remained proportionately similar irrespective of parental participation. Of note, babies produced the greatest percentage of linguistic responses to the Avatar's Linguistic Nursery Rhymes versus other Avatar conversational modes. This work demonstrates the potential for Avatars to facilitate language learning in young babies.
Alzheimer’s disease and other neurocognitive disorders

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurocognitive disorders are one of the major classes of disorders relevant to older adults. In addition to cognitive symptoms, psychiatric complications are common and are major contributors to impairments in quality of life for the individual and families and significantly impact health care costs. Geriatric psychiatry, whose core competencies include diagnosis and management of both cognitive and psychiatric symptoms of dementia, plays a unique role in meeting this substantial need in health care. This chapter therefore reviews background on neurocognitive disorders, approaches to diagnosis, and management of several of the more problematic psychiatric complications of dementia. Disorders reviewed include AD, vascular dementia, Lewy body disease, and frontotemporal dementia. Psychiatric symptoms reviewed include apathy, agitation, psychosis, depression, and anxiety.
Associations between depression and parenting of fathers in Head Start and parental self-efficacy as a protective factor

Abstract Head Start/Early Head Start (HS/EHS) programs deliver comprehensive early childhood services in the U.S. to support low-income families to improve a range of early childhood outcomes and to develop positive parenting and parent-child relationships. From the beginning of the program, increasing fathers’ involvement with their children in HS/EHS has been an important emphasis. However, depressive symptoms among low-income fathers can negatively impact their relationships with their children. Protective factors such as parental self-efficacy (PSE) can potentially buffer the effects of depression. In this study, we aimed to understand the associations between low-income HS/EHS fathers’ depressive symptoms and relationship closeness and conflict with their young children aged 5 and below. We also examined if the PSE of fathers can buffer the negative associations between depression and father-child relationship. We analyzed cross-sectional data collected from fathers (n = 102) who participated in a parenting support program while receiving HS/EHS services in the United States. Participants were primarily African American (83%), of mean age 32 years, and lived with their children (74%). Using multiple linear regression, we found that fathers’ depression was significantly associated with father-child closeness (B = −0.37, p
Dating with constraints

A recommendation of: Gergely J Szollosi, Sebastian Hoehna, Tom A Williams, Dominik Schrempf, Vincent Daubin, Bastien Boussau Relative time constraints improve molecular dating 10.1101/2020.10.17.343889
Weight regulation in menopause.

Importance and objective Obesity is a chronic disease of epidemic proportions that continues to affect millions of Americans each year. Postmenopausal women are particularly affected by obesity and have higher rates of severe obesity when compared with their male counterparts. The prevalence of obesity in this population is linked to increased morbidity and mortality and promotes the development and progression of numerous obesity-related health conditions. This review examines the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical assessment, and treatment of postmenopausal women with obesity. Methods We have reviewed relevant and up-to-date literature in the MEDLINE database to represent the current understanding of obesity and its effects in this patient population. Articles published between the years 2000 and 2020 were selected for review to represent the most up-to-date evidence on the topic. Search terms used in the PubMed search included women, obesity, menopause, aging, mid-age women, metabolism, weight gain, treatment of obesity, weight loss, bariatric surgery, weight loss medications, diet, physical activity, and behavior modification. Discussion and conclusion Obesity is a complex, chronic, relapsing disease that requires comprehensive assessment and treatment. Obesity is linked to hormonal, lifestyle, and environmental changes that occur during the menopausal transition, and it increases the risk for cardiometabolic disease. The utilization of appropriate clinical evaluation methods to identify obesity in postmenopausal women, and the implementation of effective lifestyle, pharmacotherapeutic, and surgical interventions, have the propensity to reduce the deleterious effects of obesity in this population. Video Summary:http://links.lww.com/MENO/A770.
An Interdisciplinary Approach to Reducing NEC While Optimizing Growth: A 20-Year Journey.

BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and postnatal growth restriction are significant clinical dilemmas that contribute to short- and long-term morbidities for the most premature infants. PURPOSE After a rise in NEC rates in a regional neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), improvement practices were implemented by an interdisciplinary quality improvement (QI) work group whose focus was initially on nutrition and growth. QI work was refocused to address both NEC and growth concurrently. METHODS Through various QI initiatives and with evolving understanding of NEC and nutrition, the work group identified and implemented multiple practices changes over 2-decade time span. A standardized tool was used to review each case of NEC and outcomes were continually tracked to guide QI initiatives. LOCAL FINDINGS Focused QI work contributed to a significant reduction in NEC rates from 16.2% in 2007 to 0% in 2018 for inborn infants. Exclusive human milk diet was a critical part of the success. Postnatal growth outcomes initially declined after initial NEC improvement work. Improvement work that focused jointly on NEC and nutrition resulted in improved growth outcomes without impacting NEC. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Use of historical perspective along with evolving scientific understanding can guide local improvement initiatives. Work must continue to optimize lactation during NICU hospitalization. More research is needed to determine impact of care practices on gastrointestinal inflammation including medication osmolality, probiotics, and noninvasive respiratory support.
Notes on Mexican grasses IX. Miscellaneous chromosome numbers—3

Chromosome numbers are reported for 105 collections which represent 59 species belonging to 35 genera. For two of these genera:Blepharoneuron andTriniochloa no documented chromosome counts have been published to date. Records for the following species:Aristida arizonica, A. pansa, A. schiedeana, Blepharoneuron tricholepis, Deschampsia pringlei, Eragrostis palmeri,Leptochloa viscida, Munroa squarrosa, Panicum vaseyanum, Setaria grisebachii, andTriniochloa stipoides are the first for these taxa. Counts of 2n = 28 forAgrostis perennans, 2n = 20 forAegopogon cenchroides, 2n = 20 forBuchloE dactyloides, 2n = 54 forDigitaria filiformis, 2n = 60 and 2n = ca. 74 forEragrostis intermedia, 2n = 32 forErioneuron grandiflorum andE. pilosum, 2n = 44 forHilaria cenchroides, 2n = 38 and 2n = ca. 180 forHilaria mutica, 2n = 40 forPereilema crinitum, 2n = 28 forScleropogon brevifolius, 2n = ca. 108 forSetaria leucopila, and 2n = 36 forOplismenus burmannii are different from any published report for these species. Cytological information on Mexican material of the following ten species:Agrostis perennans, Aristida hamulosa,Bouteloua aristidoides, Eragrostis cilianensis, Sporobolus nealleyi, Tridens muticus,Digitaria filiformis, Hackelochloa granularis, Oplismenus burmannii, andPennisetum ciliare is here presented for the first time.
Emergency Department Crowding in Relation to In-hospital Adverse Medical Events: A Large Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

Abstract Background Emergency department (ED) crowding has been linked with adverse medical events. However, this association was inadequately controlled for potential confounding variables. Objectives To investigate whether ED crowding is independently associated with risk of in-hospital death and morbidity, and longer total hospital stay. Methods Prospective observational cohort study of all patients (≥ 18 years) presenting to the ED of an academic teaching hospital in Leuven, Belgium from June 21, 2010 to July 20, 2012. Multivariate logistic regression and proportional hazard analysis was used to control for risk factors. ED occupancy was determined for 108,229 included patients and labeled “ED crowding” when occupancy was within the highest quartile of occupancy. Outcomes within 10 days of ED admission included in-hospital death, hospital-acquired morbidities, and total hospital stay. Results During ED crowding, a median of 58 (interquartile range 55–63) patients were present for 40 licensed treatment bays. After controlling for all baseline risk factors and as compared with the lowest quartile of ED occupancy (30 [26–32] patients), ED crowding was not independently associated with mortality (odds ratio [OR] 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74–1.19; p = 0.6), but tended to be associated with higher incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.96–1.62; p = 0.09). Conclusions Failing to control for baseline risk factors may have led to false-positive associations between ED crowding and mortality in previous studies. After controlling for risk factors, we showed that ED crowding was associated with longer hospital stays but not with increased mortality.
Struggling to See the Light

Cathryn Vasseleu _Textures of Light: Vision and Touch in Irigaray, Levinas, and Merleau-Ponty_ London: Routledge, 1997 ISBN 041514233 (hbk) 0415142741 (pbk) 157 pp.
Irrelevant cues and shape discrimination learning by cats

Experimentally naive eats learned to discriminate a pair of objects (circle and triangle) that differed in external contour, with no irrelevant cues (N = 30), with irrelevant brightness cues (N = 26), and with irrelevant size and brightness cues (N = 26). In a second experiment, naive cats were trained to discriminate bidimensional patterns (circle and triangle) with no irrelevant visual cues (N = 24) or with irrelevant size and brightness cues (N = 26). Irrelevant cues did not significantly affect the rate of shape discrimination learning in either experiment. The findings disagree with the results of several similar experiments with rats.
Decay of female sexual behavior under parthenogenesis.

A laboratory strain of Drosophila mercatorum has existed for 20 years without males and therefore without natural selection operating to maintain the genetic basis of female mating behavior. The females of this strain have recently experienced a genetic impairment of mating capacity. This observation exemplifies the mode of evolution of vestigial characters and supports Muller9s theory that random mutation will tend to destroy the genetic basis of a character from which selection has been removed .
California’s Self-Generation Incentive Program Nonresidential PV Systems: Measured System Performance and Actual Costs

More than two hundred sixty grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) systems sized 30 kW to 1.1 MW installed in California during 2002 through 2004 received partial funding through the Self-Generation Incentive Program (SGIP). The SGIP is administered statewide by PGE interval-metered data are available for 107 of these projects. The resulting estimate of peak demand impact coincident with the ISO peak load totals 9,938 kW. The estimated peak demand impact corresponds to 0.39 kW per 1.0 kWRebated of PV system size and is based on rebated capacity. Those unfamiliar with PV system size ratings and PV system operating characteristics may be surprised that the overall weighted-average peak demand impact was not substantially higher at this hour and time of year. To help put this result in perspective, it can be compared to a simple engineering estimate of peak power output based on published information regarding PV system performance. First, we begin with 1 kW [basis: rebated size] of horizontal PV system capacity. For purposes of determining rebates, PV system sizes are calculated as the product of cumulative estimated module DC power output under PTC conditions and inverter maximum DC to AC conversion efficiency. Factors such as manufacturing tolerance, soiling, module mismatch, temperature effects, and wiring losses may result in actual full-sun power output levels of about 0.76 kW/kWRebated . When the 3 to 4 PM angle of incidence effects for the month of September are included the expected output value drops significantly further. The peak-day operating characteristics of the 107 PV projects for which peak-day interval-metered data were available are summarized in the box plot of Figure 4. System sizes were used to normalize power output values prior to plotting summary statistics of PV output profiles for individual projects. The normalized values represent PV power output per unit of system size. Treatment in this manner enables direct comparison of the power output characteristics of PV systems of varying sizes. The vertically oriented boxes represent ranges within which 75% of project-specific values lie. The vertical lines represent the total range (i.e., maximum and minimum) of project-specific values. The energy production of the group of metered PV systems varied according to season. In Figure 7, normalized energy production by month is illustrated (on the right axis). These values represent the monthly average capacity factor for the on-line PV system capacity. As expected, normalized energy production levels reach their maximum values in the summer season and decrease towards the winter season as the intensity and duration of incident solar radiation falls off, coupled with increased incidence of storms and other weather disturbances off the Pacific Ocean, which affect the availability of solar radiation upon the PV modules.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Hidden Shame, Working Through, and the Problem of Forgiveness in the Tempest:

The problem of forgiveness is considered in the light of an examination of The Tempest. The Tempest illustrates Prospero's struggles to forgive those who betrayed him. The forgiving of an intimate'...
A simple electronic capillary microviscometer.

Abstract Inexpensive electronic components were adapted to a miniaturized version of a falling-ball viscometer. This allowed automatic determination of relative viscosities of Newtonian fluids with 1% accuracy and employing only 10 to 30 μl of sample or about 1 μg of some biological materials. The electronic microviscometer was tested with bidistilled water at several temperatures, with Cs 2 SO 4 and glycerol solutions, several organic liquids, and some preparations of high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid. Details of construction, circuitry, temperature control, operating procedure, and calculations are given as well as an evaluation of the instrument's performance in terms of previously established criteria.
MOROCCO'S NEXT POLITICAL GENERATION

As in much of the Arab world, Morocco possesses a massive number of young men and women who are reaching adulthood and entering the social mainstream, or who have done so within the last decade. This cohort of young people, which may be described as a political generation, offers the country both hope and an important challenge. It remains to be seen whether, and if so how, the emerging political generation will differ from those that preceded it, and with what implications. The present research report focuses on these questions. It seeks both to contribute some preliminary answers and to stimulate further inquiry and investigation. The first part of the paper summarises the characteristics and formative experiences of Morocco's next political generation. The second part presents the results of public opinion research carried out in Morocco in 1995–96. Data from this research are used to compare the attitudes and behaviour patterns of different age cohorts and also to examine normative cleavages within th...
Life-threatening organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy in a child after accidental chlorpyrifos ingestion

Life-threatening organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy with transient bilateral vocal cord paralysis occurred in a 3-year-old child. Recovery was slow after prolonged ventilatory support. Patients who recover from serious organophosphate intoxications should be closely monitored for the development of organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy.
Response Times of Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes to Dynamic Changes in Catecholamine Concentration

The electrode response time and the measured concentrations during dynamic catecholamine changes were compared using constant potential amperometry and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. The amperometric response to a rectangular pulse of catecholamine is more rectangular than the cyclic voltammetric response; however, the response times are very similar when, during cyclic voltammetry, the temporal lag due to adsorption and desorption of catecholamine to the electrode is removed by deconvolution. Deconvolution of cyclic voltammetry data was applied to stimulated dopamine release in vivo, allowing for modeling of release and uptake kinetics and to measure catecholamine release from single cells, resulting in better resolution of peaks from single vesicles. In vitro postcalibrations were performed to calculate concentrations of catecholamine measured with cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. The addition of 600 microM ascorbic acid to the postcalibration buffer, allowing a catalytic reaction to regenerate dopamine, resulted in similar calculated concentrations for stimulated release of dopamine using amperometry and cyclic voltammetry. Using deconvoluted cyclic voltammetry to remove the response time lag and adding ascorbic acid to the calibration buffer, the shape and concentration of dynamic catecholamine changes are very similar when measured with constant potential amperometry and cyclic voltammetry.
Timing of Compaction and Quartz Cementation from Integrated Petrographic and Burial-History Analyses, Lower Cretaceous Fall River Formation, Wyoming and South Dakota

ABSTRACT Integrated petrographic and burial-history studies of Fall River sandstones from outcrop and the subsurface provide insight into the timing of compaction and quartz cementation, the two main porosity-reducing processes in quartzose sandstones. Petrographic study of 95 thin sections of Fall River fluvial valley-fill sandstones from outcrop, Donkey Creek field at 2 km burial depth, and Buck Draw field at 3.8 km indicates that reservoir quality differs significantly in these three areas. Fall River sandstones at the surface contain an average of 31% intergranular volume (IGV) and 2% quartz cement. In both Donkey Creek and Buck Draw fields, the sandstones average 22% IGV, but quartz-cement volume averages 8% in the shallower field and 12% in the deeper. Geometric mean permeability at the urface is 4700 md, compared with 42 md at 2 km and 2 md at 3.8 km. Burial history of the Fall River sandstone differs greatly in the three areas. The outcropping sandstones were buried to 2 km and had reached 80°C by the end of the Cretaceous. They were then uplifted and have remained at near-surface temperatures since the Paleocene; the calculated time-temperature index (TTI) of these sandstones is 1. Fall River sandstones at Donkey Creek were also buried to 2 km and had reached 80°C by the end of the Cretaceous but remained at that depth during the Tertiary; TTI is 14. In Buck Draw field, Fall River sandstones were buried to 2.5 km during the Cretaceous and then continued to subside during the Tertiary, reaching depths of 4 km and temperatures of 140°C; TTI is 512. Much of the compaction of Fall River sandstones had occurred by burial depths of 2 km, but additional time at that depth was required for completion of mechanical compaction and for minor chemical compaction. Although greater depth and higher temperatures did not increase chemical compaction, increasing thermal maturity resulted in more quartz cementation. Internal sources of silica from stylolitization and intergranular pressure solution account for only 10-25% of the volume of quartz cement in Fall River sandstones. Imported silica may have come from clay-mineral transformations in Cretaceous shales. Loss of porosity and permeability was greatest between TTI of 1 and 14 but continued, at a reduced rate, as TTI increased.
The Discovery of the First He Iλ10830 Broad-Absorption-Line Quasar

We report the discovery of the first He I*λ10830 broad absorption line quasar FBQS J1151+3822. Using new infrared and optical spectra, as well as the SDSS spectrum, we extracted the apparent optical depth profile as a function of velocity of the 3889u and 10830u He I* absorption lines. Since these lines have the same lower levels, inhomogeneous absorption models could be used to extract the true He I* column density; the log of that number was 14.9. The total hydrogen column density was obtained using Cloudy models. A range of ionization parameters and densities were acceptable, with the lower limit on the ionization parameter of log U = 1.4 defined by the requirement that there be sufficient