cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Line Modification of Continuous Vibratory Systems

The power of the procedure lies in the reanalysis of large continuous systems when local modifications or re-sizings are made. The example problems demonstrate that the analyst chooses the degree of approximation by the number of normal modes selected to represent the continuous system. If very few modes are used, inaccuracies can be expected in the solution, but may be reduced by selecting more modes. Currently, the procedure is being extended to include area modifications. For example, an area stiffness modification with an infinite magnitude may represent a clamped edge. The stacking of systems can permit one to save computer time, if a complex structure can readily be broken into a number of simple components. This permits an analysis similar to component mode synthesis techniques.
The Tyablikov theory for the spin-1/2 ferromagnet compared to the spontaneous magnetization of nickel

The theoretical results of Tyablikov for the magnetization of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg ferromagnet are examined and compared with the experimental results for nickel over the entire ferromagnetic temperature range. It is found that nearest-neighbor interactions do not adequately explain the experimental magnetization curve, but that « long range » interactions via a Debye screened Coulomb potential lead to quite good agreement between theory and experiment,i.e. to the Weiss molecularfield results.
Response to Fluid Boluses in the Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial

BACKGROUND Recent emphasis has been placed on methods to predict fluid responsiveness, but the usefulness of using fluid boluses to increase cardiac index in critically ill patients with ineffective circulation or oliguria remains unclear. METHODS This retrospective analysis investigated hemodynamic responses of critically ill patients in the ARDS Network Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial (FACTT) who were given protocol-based fluid boluses. Fluid responsiveness was defined as ≥ 15% increase in cardiac index after a 15 mL/kg fluid bolus. RESULTS A convenience sample of 127 critically ill patients enrolled in FACTT was analyzed for physiologic responses to 569 protocolized crystalloid or albumin boluses given for shock, low urine output (UOP), or low pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP). There were significant increases in mean central venous pressure (9.9 ± 4.5 to 11.1 ± 4.8 mm Hg, P P P = .59). There were no significant differences in 90-day survival, need for hemodialysis, or return to unassisted breathing between patients defined as fluid responders and fluid nonresponders. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of critically ill patients with ARDS who were previously resuscitated, the rate of fluid responsiveness was low, and fluid boluses only led to small hemodynamic changes.
An ecology of communication

Communication and social order are the consequences of reflexive activity. The expansion of information technology into more areas of social life challenges social theorists to account for the contribution and impact of these technologies and accompanying logic on a host of social activities. An "ecology of communication" is a sensitizing concept to clarify how information technology and communication formats operate in the effective environment and are intertwined with activities, in some cases adding new activities, while in other instances changing them. The nature and significance of an ecology of communication for social order, increasing resistance, is illustrated with surveillance and control operations in testing and marketing, especially through "barcodes."
History of Zinc as Related to Brain Function

Zinc (Zn) is essential for synthesis of coenzymes that mediate biogenic-amine synthesis and metabolism. Zn from vesicles in presynaptic terminals of certain glutaminergic neurons modulates postsynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors for glutamate. Large amounts of Zn released from vesicles by seizures or ischemia can kill postsynaptic neurons. Acute Zn deficiency impairs brain function of experimental animals and humans. Zn deficiency in experimental animals during early brain development causes malformations, whereas deficiency later in brain development causes microscopic abnormalities and impairs subsequent function. A limited number of studies suggest that similar phenomena can occur in humans.
Tropical Deforestation: The Human Dimension

Tropical Deforestation: The Human Dimension. Leslie E. Sponsel. Thomas N. Headland, and Robert C. Bailey, eds. New York: Columbia University Press,1996. 365 pp.
Situational Features in Milgram's Experiment That Kept His Participants Shocking

Although people are often astonished by the high rates of obedience in Milgram's famous studies, research on social influence processes in other settings provides considerable insight into why so many of Milgram's participants continued to press the shock levers all the way to 450 volts. That research suggests that four situational features Milgram built into his experimental procedure contributed to the high levels of obedience. The four features are the incremental nature of the task, the novelty of the situation and the kind of normative information made available, the opportunity to deny or diffuse responsibility, and the limited opportunity to ponder decisions. When looked at in this light, Milgram's research can be seen as a dramatic example of some well-documented psychological effects.
Fashioning Males and Females: Appearance Management and the Social Reproduction of Gender

The author examines the part played by appearance management in both the intergenerational and everyday reproduction of gendered identities in contemporary American society. The author empirically explores the contributions of appearance management to young children's gender socialization by drawing upon observation in preschools, informal interviews with children's parents, as well as others' observations and findings. That analysis indicates that sex-class related appearance management invests infants with gendered identities, promotes children's sex-class related identification of others, and encourages them to embrace behaviorally their own ascribed sex-class identities. Sex-class related appearance management is of fundamental importance to both the intergenerational and interactional reproduction of the seemingly natural and moral order of gendered person that characterizes our society.
Impact of the Northeast Interstate Dairy Compact on Consumer Prices for Fluid Milk

The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of the Northeast Compact on retail fluid milk prices in New England. An econometric model was estimated to simulate the farm-to-retail price spread and to analyze the impact of the Northeast Compact on retail milk prices. The results found that retail milk prices rose 30.5 cents per gallon in Boston and 31.4 cents per gallon in Hartford over the Compact period compared with the pre-Compact period. About 70% of this increase was directly attributable to the Northeast Compact.
Phosphorylation of endogenous and exogenous proteins by rat liver microsomal protein kinases

Abstract 1. 1. Rat liver microsomes contain protein kinase activities which phosphorylate both endogenous and exogenous protein substrates. The endogenous reaction is independent of cyclic AMP while the exogenous one requires this nucleotide for maximum activity. 2. 2. These phosphorylations are catalyzed by different protein kinases, denoted as Type A and Type B. Type A protein kinase is firmly bound to the microsomal membrane and is responsible for phosphorylating endogenous proteins, which are also integral membrane proteins. 3. 3. Type B protein kinase is loosely associated with the membrane and phosphorylates exogenous proteins; preferring protamine > histone f 2b > histone f 1 . Histones f 2a , f 3 , phosvitin, bovine serum albumin, microsomal cytochrome P-450, and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase were poor substrates. 4. 4. Type A protein kinase is more stable to incubation than Type B. Type B protein kinase is inhibited by imidazole, but type A enzyme is not. 5. 5. Endogenous protein phosphorylation was increased 4-fold by the addition of Triton X-100 under conditions which solubilized 78% of the membrane proteins. 6. 6. The detergent is believed to increase the accessibility of protein substrates to Type A protein kinase and to cause higher level of phosphorylation.
Autonomous Navigation System for Spacecraft Using Low-Thrust Trajectories

This research describes a prototype software navigation system that would allow a spacecraft with a small amount of continuous propulsion to navigate low-energy trajectories. First, the desired route is described in terms of basic orbit shapes, such as Lyapunov orbits. This sequence of orbit shapes is converted into an itinerary of spatial boundaries that a spacecraft executing the low-energy maneuver will cross in order.A software system then employs a guided optimization algorithm that identifies the thrust angle that will maintain the desired orbit. Using this software as a research tool, simulations have identified low-energy paths that could be used by a spacecraft with an ion drive to perform a Venus flyby within four or five years of its launch from Earth. This approach makes it possible to identify complex low-energy trajectories that rely on the gravitational effects of different two-body systems (for instance, Earth–moon and Earth–sun) and to study the utility of continuous propulsion in flying such trajectories from Earth.
A bone resorbing substance from bovine serum albumin (brA).

A fraction (brA), which causes resorption of fetal rat bones in vitro, has been concentrated from bovine serum albumin by anion exchange column chromatography on DEAE Sephadex. This active fraction has also been prepared using DEAE Sephadex A-50 by a batch method with a 0.09M NaCl, 0.1M TRIS buffer, pH 8.35. BrA was 10–30 times more potent than the original albumin. The retained material, which constitutes the bulk of the protein and has less activity than the original albumin, elutes with 0.45M NaCl. Similar treatment of serumα,β or γ globulins does not yield brA. Further enhancement of the bone resorbing activity of brA can be obtained with (NH4)2SO4 fractionation or extraction with CH3OH∶CHCl3. Heating at 55° C for 2 h or at 100° C for 10 min does not affect the activity; overnight incubation with protease destroys the bone resorbing effect. The bone resorbing activity is not removed by dialysis and does not correlate with the protease activity of the fraction. The action of brA is inhibited by 3 mM PO4, 1 μg/ml calcitonin or glucagon, 10−7M dexamethasone or 0.02 μg/ml actinomycin D. The bone resorbing activity of brA is partially inhibited by 10−7–10−5M indomethacin. PTH did not elicit bone resorption when added to cultures incubated in chemically defined medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/ml brA. However, brA did not inhibit PTH-induced resorption.
Differential expression of HERV-K (HML-2) proviruses in cells and virions of the teratocarcinoma cell line Tera-1.

Human endogenous retrovirus (HERV-K (HML-2)) proviruses are among the few endogenous retroviral elements in the human genome that retain coding sequence. HML-2 expression has been widely associated with human disease states, including different types of cancers as well as with HIV-1 infection. Understanding of the potential impact of this expression requires that it be annotated at the proviral level. Here, we utilized the high throughput capabilities of next-generation sequencing to profile HML-2 expression at the level of individual proviruses and secreted virions in the teratocarcinoma cell line Tera-1. We identified well-defined expression patterns, with transcripts emanating primarily from two proviruses located on chromosome 22, only one of which was efficiently packaged. Interestingly, there was a preference for transcripts of recently integrated proviruses, over those from other highly expressed but older elements, to be packaged into virions. We also assessed the promoter competence of the 5’ long terminal repeats (LTRs) of expressed proviruses via a luciferase assay following transfection of Tera-1 cells. Consistent with the RNASeq results, we found that the activity of most LTRs corresponded to their transcript levels.
THE USE OF HAMMETT CONSTANTS TO UNDERSTAND THE NON-COVALENT BINDING OF AROMATICS

Non-covalent interactions of aromatics are important in a wide range of chemical and biological applications. The past two decades have seen numerous reports of arene-arene binding being understood in terms Hammett substituent constants, and similar analyses have recently been extended to cation-arene and anion-arene binding. It is not immediately clear why electrostatic Hammett parameters should work so well in predicting the binding for all three interactions, given that different intermolecular forces dominate each interaction. This review explores such anomalies, and summarizes how Hammett substituent constants have been employed to understand the non-covalent binding in arene-arene, cation-arene and anion-arene interactions.
Reaching Beyond the Site: The Great Temple Museum in Mexico City

The Great Temple excavation in the heart of Mexico City was one of the most significant archaeological finds in a country replete with world-famous historical sites. The creation of a museum on the spot was seen as a unique opportunity to develop a variety of innovative programmes to teach and explain this rich cultural vestige to ordinary people both near and far. The author has been co-ordinator of the project since 1978 and is director of the Great Temple Museum. He has written more than seventy-five articles and forty books and has received international recognition for his work: an honoris causa doctorate from the University of Colorado in the United States, the Andres Bello Order of the Republic of Venezuela and the Chevalier des Arts et Lettres of France are a few of his many distinctions.
Phagocytosis: invitation to a feast.

Summary How does a macrophage find an apoptotic cell for ingestion? A recent study shows that ATP and UTP released from the dying cell serve as important chemoattractants for macrophages and are key contributors to the efficient clearance of apoptotic cells in vivo .
Reflectance and ellipsometric study of anodic film on platinum electrode

Abstract The anodic films on platinum electrode in 0.05 M sulfuric acid solution were examined by means of ellipsometry. By measuring the relative phase retardation (Δ), relative amplitude reduction (tanψ) and also the intensity of the reflected polarized light, the optical constants of the films ( n , k ) and thickness (τ) at various potentials were obtained. The results showed that the optical properties of the film remain nearly constant ( n = 2.8, k = 1.7) while the thickness increases from 2 A to 5 A with anodic potential. From this evidence, it is concluded that the film is made of an oxide of platinum forming a definite phase.
A brief summary of Dr. G. V. Rao’s research interests

A brief summary of Dr. G. V. Rao's research interests is presented. Many of his earlier studies were in conjunction with the summer Monsoon Experiment of 1979 (MONEX-79). These included: 1) the structure of the Somali jet based on aerial observations; 2) sea-level air trajectories over the equatorial Indian Ocean; 3) structural features of the east African low-level flow; 4) effects of Indian Ocean surface temperature anomaly patterns on the summer monsoon circulations; 5) structures of the monsoon low-level flow over the Arabian Sea; 6) characteristics and momentum-flux budgets of the Arabian Sea convective bands; and 7) evaporation and precipitation over the Arabian Sea during the monsoon seasons. Dr. Rao's research efforts in recent years had focused on case studies of mesocyclones spawned by tropical cyclones (TCs) in Florida using Doppler radar data and a mesoscale numerical model. These included: 1) research on tornadic mesocyclones spawned by TC Earl in 1998; 2) documentation of subtle differences between tornadic and non-tornadic mesocyclones in TC Floyd in 1999; and 3) numerical simulation of the tornadic environment observed in peninsular Florida during TC Earl in 1998. Preliminary findings show that the supercells' cold pools interacted with an existing boundary resulting in increased baroclinicity and horizontal vorticity, and a maximization of the tornado production potential by the updrafts. The model successfully simulated the mesoscale features of the mesocyclones and the tornadic environment observed during TC Earl. A 24 h simulation of accumulated rainfall within the inner domain agreed well with the observed precipitation pattern over the region.
Prevention of age-related hypertriglyceridemia by caloric restriction and exercise training in the rat

Abstract Plasma triglyceride concentrations were determined in three experimental groups of rats as they grew from 1 1 2 –12 mo of age. One group was kept sedentary and allowed food ad lib (control), the second group was allowed to eat and exercise in a running wheel ad lib, and the third calorically-restricted in order to maintain weight equal to that of the exercising rats. The exercise-trained and calorically-restricted rats gained less weight than did the control rats, and the age-related rise in plasma triglyceride concentration in control rats was totally abolished in the other two groups. In addition, exercise training and caloric restriction inhibited the increase in plasma insulin concentrations noted to occur with age in the control rats. These data indicate that there are two effective ways to prevent the development of hypertriglyceridemia that occurs with age in otherwise normal rats.
On-line detection and resolution of communication deadlocks

We present a new distributed algorithm that detects and resolves communication deadlocks on-line, i.e., simultaneously detects and resolves deadlock as communication requests are made, at no additional message traffic overhead, and with bounded delay between the occurrence and detection of a deadlock. This is achieved via a novel technique for detecting knots, which suffice for the existence of communication deadlocks. Current distributed deadlock detection algorithms lack these features. Thus the algorithm is suitable for soft real-time systems and large distributed systems. We also prove that the algorithm detects communication deadlocks and that it is able to deal with false deadlocks. >
RESPONSE TO ROTTSCHAEFER, BECKLEY, AND KONNER

. All three articles properly locate my work as interactive between the sciences on the one hand and theology and ethics on the other. They disagree on whether tradition, science, or experience “trumps” the others when they conflict; Beckley shows the importance of tradition, which is slighted by the other two. Comments on each article indicate where further discussion is needed and where I have learned from the authors or agree with them.
A sequential test procedure for monitoring a singular safety and efficacy outcome

In this note we describe a modification of the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) developed for the purpose of “flagging” a significant increase in the mortality rate of a treatment relative to a control while ensuring that double-blinding and the Type I error for the primary test of efficacy, also based on mortality rates, is not compromised. Key words: Interim analysis; safety monitoring; sequential testing. Trop J Pharm Res , December 2003; 2(2): 197-206
Reversible insertion of sulfur dioxide into palladiumpalladium bonds. The preparation and structure of Pd2(μ-SO2)(Ph2PCH2PPh2)2 Cl2

Abstract Addition of sulfur dioxide to Pd 2 (dpm) 2 X 2 , (dpm = (C 6 H 5 ) 2 PCH 2 P(C 6 H 5 ) 2 , X = Cl or Br), Pt 2 (dpm) 2 Cl 2 or Pd 2 [(C 6 H 5 ) 2 As(CH 2 As(C 6 H 5 ) 2 ]Cl 2 produces 1/1 adducts. The crystal structure of Pd 2 (μ-SO 2 )(dpm) 2 Cl 2 shows two approximately planar palladium centers with coordination sites occupied by two phosphorus atoms from two bridging dpm ligands, a terminal halide ligand, and a bridging SO 2 ligand. The unit cell contains two crystallographically independent molecules. In most aspects the dimensions of the two molecules are similar. However, the ability of crystal packing forces to alter the PdPd distance (3.383 and 3.221 for the two different molecules) reflects the lack of a direct PdPd bond.
Patrol Officer Call for Service Workloads: An Urban and Small Town Comparison:

Although small town agencies make up the majority of police departments in the USA, there is a surprising lack of information regarding how the workloads of small town and urban police officers dif...
Framing a price bundle: the case of “buy/get” offers

Purpose – The underlying thesis of this paper is that consumers will infer that the costs of production of a product that is offered free are low, and this will reduce the price they are willing to pay for the product when it is a stand‐alone offering.Design/methodology/approach – Two laboratory experiments examine how consumers respond to products that have been offered as “free gifts with purchase” of another product.Findings – Study 1 shows, that when an economically identical offer is framed as a joint bundle (Buy X and Y for $), compared with when it is framed as a “Buy one, get one free” offer, consumers are willing to pay less for the product offered “free.” Study 2 shows that, when a product is given away “free,” then consumers are willing to pay less for it as a stand‐alone product, especially when the original promotional offer does not include the price of the free gift.Research limitations/implications – Results imply that the design and communication of consumer promotions affect the price co...
A regional ocean modeling system for the Long-term Ecosystem Observatory

[1] A coastal ocean forecasting system was developed for the Long-term Ecosystem Observatory (LEO) on New Jersey's inner shelf. The forecast system comprised an ocean model, the Regional Ocean Modeling System, forced by a high-resolution atmospheric forecast, with assimilation of ocean data from ships and coastal radar systems. The forecasts were used to aid the deployment of real-time adaptive sampling observing systems during the July 2001 Coastal Predictive Skill Experiment. Temperature and salinity assimilation data were prepared by optimal interpolation of shipboard towed-body data. Surface current observations from coastal radar were projected vertically for assimilation using a statistically based extrapolation. The assimilation methods tested with the operational forecast system in July 2001 were continuous nudging and intermittent melding of the model forecast and gridded data. Observations from a validation array of current meter and thermistor moorings deployed on a cross-shore line through the center of the LEO intensive observing area were used to formulate a set of quantitative model skill metrics that focused on aspects of the two-layer wind-driven upwelling and downwelling circulation that characterizes ocean dynamics during the stratified summer season along this coast. An ensemble of model and data assimilation configurations were tested, showing that the k profile parameterization for vertical turbulence closure, and assimilation by intermittent melding, comprised the forecast system with the more significant skill as measured by the mean squared error of the validation metric time series.
Consistency-based and abductive diagnoses as generalised stable models

If realistic systems are to be successfully modelled and efficiently diagnosed using model-based techniques, a more expressive language than classical logic is required. In this paper, we present a definition of diagnosis which allows the use of a nonmonotonic construct, negation as failure, in the modelling language. This definition is based on thegeneralised stable model semantics of abduction. Furthermore, we argue that, if negation as failure is permitted in the modelling language, the distinction between abductive and consistency-based diagnosis is no longer clear. Our definition allows both forms of diagnosis to be expressed in a single framework. It also allows a single interference procedure to perform abductive or consistency-based diagnosis, as appropriate.
Acute myeloblastic leukemia with associated BCR-ABL translocation in a dog.

An 8-year-old male neutered Labrador Retriever was referred to the University of Wisconsin Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital with a presumptive diagnosis of leukemia. Hematologic abnormalities included normal neutrophil count with a left shift, monocytosis, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, and circulating immature mononuclear cells. Bone marrow was effaced by immature hematopoietic cells of various morphologic appearances. In addition, large multinucleated cells were observed frequently. Flow cytometric analysis of nucleated cells in blood revealed 34% CD34(+) cells, consistent with acute leukemia. By immunocytochemical analysis of cells in blood and bone marrow, some mononuclear cells expressed CD18, myeloperoxidase, and CD11b, indicating myeloid origin; some, but not all, large multinucleated cells expressed CD117 and CD42b, the latter supporting megakaryocytic lineage. The diagnosis was acute myeloblastic leukemia without maturation (AML-M1). To identify genetic aberrations associated with this malignancy, cells from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded bone marrow were analyzed cytogenetically by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Co-localization of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) containing BCR and ABL was evident in 32% of cells. This confirmed the presence of the canine BCR-ABL translocation or Raleigh chromosome. In people, the analogous translocation or Philadelphia chromosome is characteristic of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and is rarely reported in AML. BCR-ABL translocation also has been identified in dogs with CML; however, to our knowledge this is the first report of AML with a BCR-ABL translocation in a domestic animal.
Traffic analysis attacks on Skype VoIP calls

Skype is one of the most popular voice-over-IP (VoIP) service providers. One of the main reasons for the popularity of Skype VoIP services is its unique set of features to protect privacy of VoIP calls such as strong encryption, proprietary protocols, unknown codecs, dynamic path selection, and the constant packet rate. In this paper, we propose a class of passive traffic analysis attacks to compromise privacy of Skype VoIP calls. The proposed attacks are based on application-level features extracted from VoIP call traces. The proposed attacks are evaluated by extensive experiments over different types of networks including commercialized anonymity networks and our campus network. The experiment results show that the proposed traffic analysis attacks can greatly compromise the privacy of Skype calls. Possible countermeasure to mitigate the proposed traffic analysis attacks are analyzed in this paper.
A three-dimensional computational procedure for reproducing meshless methods and the finite element method

A flexible computational procedure for solving 3D linear elastic structural mechanics problems is presented that currently uses three forms of approximation function (natural neighbour, moving least squares—using a new nearest neighbour weight function—and Lagrange polynomial) and three types of integration grids to reproduce the natural element method and the finite element method. The addition of more approximation functions, which is not difficult given the structure of the code, will allow reproduction of other popular meshless methods. Results are presented that demonstrate the ability of the first-order meshless approximations to capture solutions more accurately than first-order finite elements. Also, the quality of integration for the three types of integration grids is compared. The concept of a region is introduced, which allows the splitting of a domain into different sections, each with its own type of approximation function and spatial integration scheme. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The diagnosis of right-to-left shunts with krypton-85.

Abstract A method for the accurate detection and measurement of right-to-left cardiac and pulmonary shunts is described which utilizes an intravenous infusion of radioactive 85Kr and blood sampling from the pulmonary and femoral arteries. Fourteen normal, anesthetized dogs were given 30 minutes of continuous intravenous 85Kr infusion while blood samples were simultaneously obtained from the pulmonary artery, a femoral artery, and the inferior vena cava for 85Kr determination. Increasing the rate of respiration did not mask the shunts resulting from experimentally produced atelectasis. Right-to-left shunts were produced surgically in 12 dogs. After 85Kr infusion in these dogs, the femoral arterial concentration ranged from 23 to 54% of pulmonary arterial concentration at 4 minutes. After the infusion was stopped, desaturation of the 85Kr was rapid, so that the test could be repeated in a few minutes. The magnitude of the shunt and the cardiac output can both be determined with this method.
UPTAKE OF ORGANIC, COMPOUNDS BY TWO FACULTATIVELY HETEROTROPHIC MARINE CENTRIC DIATOMS1,2

SUMMARY Glucose and galactose uptake ability in Cyclotella cryptica (clone WT-1-8) and glucose uptake ability in Coscinodiscus sp. develop rapidly in the dark. Induction of sugar uptake ability in the dark does not require the presence of sugar in the medium. The sugars are taken up by carrier-mediated systems. In C. cryptica glucose and galactose are probably taken up by the same system. The capacity of glucose uptake in this recently isolated clone of C. cryptica is nearly 5 times that of a previously studied clone (0-3A). Other organic compounds, which by themselves do not support heterotrophic growth, can be taken up and respired by both diatoms at considerable rates compared, to glucose and galactose. Therefore, in nature, these diatoms may be able to utilize a variety of dissolved organic compounds as sources of intermediary metabolites and as respiratory substrates.
Age-related reduction in responses of rat hippocampal neurons to locally applied monoamines.

Age-related changes in the responsiveness of hippocampal pyramidal neurons to norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5HT) were investigated using electrophysiological techniques. Local application of each monamine via pressure micro-ejection was employed to establish the dose which elicited a 50% change in spontaneous discharge rate of single pyramidal neurons; these data were used to construct dose response curves for the population of neurons tested in 3–6, 11–13, 18–20, and 27–30 month old rats. The percentage of cells responding in rats 18–20 and 27–30 months old decreased for both NE and 5HT. There was also a progressive increase with age in the population ED 50 for 5HT starting at 18–20 months. For neurons which demonstrated a response to NE, no decrease in the population ED 50 was observed. Taken together these data indicate that there is a progressive age-related decline in the postsynaptic response to NE and 5HT in the rodent hippocampas.
A HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL CELL-RESTRICTED, EXTERNALLY DISPOSED PLASMALEMMAL PROTEIN ENRICHED IN INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS

We have raised an mAb to a previously undescribed 135-kD externally disposed integral membrane protein that is enriched in the intercellular junctional domain of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. This protein localizes at the appositional surfaces of cells as they become confluent and is stably expressed in the junctional zones of confluent monolayers. This protein is expressed in situ on continuous endothelia of all blood vessels in all human tissues examined. Moreover, this protein, as determined by mAb immunocytochemistry, is not expressed by any other cell type. This protein may mediate endothelial-specific functions restricted to the intercellular domain. It may also serve as a unique cell surface marker for the identification and purification of human endothelial cells.
Introduction: the ‘Second World's’ architecture and planning in the ‘Third World’

This themed issue of The Journal of Architecture focuses on what appears to be a major blind-spot of current architectural historiography of the post-war period: the transfer of architecture and pl...
SNR and Areal Density Gain in MAMR With Segmented Media

In this paper, we present a micromagnetic modeling study on the switching property of segmented grains assisted by circularly polarized magnetic field at microwave frequencies and the actual recording process. This paper provides insightful understanding of the switching dependence on the Gilbert damping constant and the optimization for suppressing the impact of possible damping constant distribution. The recording processes with ac field generated by a spin torque oscillator on the media consisting of segmented grains are also investigated. In this microwave assisted magnetic recording (MAMR) process, the segmentation of the grains with exchange breaking layers enables the best utilization of the ac field. The MAMR simulations show significant signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain over today's perpendicular recording for medium for media with grain pitches . Grain-pitch limited SNR performance can be achieved for medium grain pitches as small as 5 nm while achieving sufficient thermal stability simultaneously. At 4.5 nm grain pitch, MAMR shows significantly higher SNR than that predicted by corresponding HAMR simulations. It is concluded that MAMR should enable areal density capability of 4 Tb/in2 and beyond and its SNR performance is superior to HAMR at all densities.
Hemodynamic effects of high dose naloxone in congestive heart failure.

Abstract In humans, the salutary properties of the opioid agonist morphine in the treatment of acute pulmonary edema and chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) are well known. These are thought to be the result of vasodilatation and concomitant afterload reduction caused by binding with central 1–3 and peripheral 4 opioid receptors. This clinical pharmacologic observation suggests that the endogenous opioid peptides have the potential to contribute favorably to the regulation of the hemodynamic response to acute and chronic CHF. However, contrary to the expectation based on the therapeutic efficacy of morphine, the endogenous opioids may actually exert a deleterious effect on the hemodynamic response to cardiogenic shock and the syndrome of CHF. 5,6 Case reports describe dramatic hemodynamic improvement after the administration of low doses of the narcotic antagonist naloxone to patients suffering cardiogenic shock in the setting of an acute myocardial infarction. 7 The hemodynamic effects of therapeutic (0.02 mg/kg) or maximal (1 mg/kg) doses of naloxone have not been studied in patients with CHF. In normal volunteers naloxone at doses up to 1 mg/kg causes little alteration in blood pressure, heart rate or respiration. 8 If endogenous opioids do play a role in the regulation of the hemodynamic response to chronic myocardial failure, alterations in resting hemodynamics after the administration of an opioid antagonist to patients with CHF should be identified. We report the first study defining the hemodynamic consequences of a graded naloxone infusion in patients with CHF.
Comparing the NEO-FFI and Saucier's Mini-Markers as measures of the Big Five

Abstract The NEO-FFI (Costa & McCrae, 1992) and Saucier's adjective Mini-Markers (1994) were compared as measures of the Five Factor Model. Confirmatory factor analyses and principal components analyses followed by correlations found discrepancies between the two measures and corroborated previous assertions that the lack of a simple factor structure makes it difficult to use confirmatory techniques to examine personality models.
Wavelength dependence of the I(52P12,32) branching ratio from ICN Ã state photolysis

Quantum yields for the production of I(52P12) atoms from the photolysis of ICN in the A state continuum are presented as a function of wavelength. Evidence is presented for the existence of at least three electronic states giving rise to the absorption spectra. Primary photophysical processes involved in the dissociation of ICN are discussed.
Solar PV power generation forecast using a hybrid intelligent approach

A significant role of a smart grid is to substantially increase the penetration of environmentally-friendly renewable energy sources, such as solar photovoltaic (PV) power. One of the major challenges associated with the integration of PV power into the grid is the intermittent and uncontrollable nature of PV power output. Therefore, developing a reliable forecasting algorithm can be extremely beneficial in system planning and market operation of grid-connected PV systems. This paper presents a novel hybrid intelligent algorithm for short-term forecasting of PV-generated power. The algorithm uses a combination of a data filtering technique based on wavelet transform (WT) and a soft computing model based on fuzzy ARTMAP (FA) network, which is optimized using an optimization technique based on firefly (FF) algorithm.
Quantum Hall effect in a triple-layer electron system

We report magnetotransport measurements in a low-disorder three-layer electron system in a GaAs/${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As triple quantum-well structure. Fine adjustment of densities in different layers is achieved with the use of front and back gates and by monitoring the capacitance-voltage and low-field Shubnikov\char21{}de Haas data. At intermediate fields the diagonal resistance (${\mathit{R}}_{\mathit{x}\mathit{x}}$) shows strong minima at every third integer filling factor, \ensuremath{\nu}=3, 6, 9, and 12, consistent with the subband structure. At higher fields, we observe deep ${\mathit{R}}_{\mathit{x}\mathit{x}}$ minima at \ensuremath{\nu}=7/5 and 5/7, suggesting anomalously strong 7/5 and 5/7 fractional quantum Hall states in this triple-layer system.
The Politics of the Mörike-Debate and Its Object

(1993). The Politics of the Morike-Debate and Its Object. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 68, No. 2, pp. 60-68.
Contribution of Trf4/5 and the Nuclear Exosome to Genome Stability Through Regulation of Histone mRNA Levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Balanced levels of histones are crucial for chromosome stability, and one major component of this control regulates histone mRNA amounts. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae poly(A) polymerases Trf4 and Trf5 are involved in a quality control mechanism that mediates polyadenylation and consequent degradation of various RNA species by the nuclear exosome. None of the known RNA targets, however, explains the fact that trf mutants have specific cell cycle defects consistent with a role in maintaining genome stability. Here, we investigate the role of Trf4/5 in regulation of histone mRNA levels. We show that loss of Trf4 and Trf5, or of Rrp6, a component of the nuclear exosome, results in elevated levels of transcripts encoding DNA replication-dependent histones. Suggesting that increased histone levels account for the phenotypes of trf mutants, we find that TRF4 shows synthetic genetic interactions with genes that negatively regulate histone levels, including RAD53. Moreover, synthetic lethality of trf4Δ rad53Δ is rescued by reducing histone levels whereas overproduction of histones is deleterious to trf's and rrp6Δ mutants. These results identify TRF4, TRF5, and RRP6 as new players in the regulation of histone mRNA levels in yeast. To our knowledge, the histone transcripts are the first mRNAs that are upregulated in Trf mutants.
TPD and XPS studies of O2, CO2, and H2O adsorption on clean polycrystalline graphite

Abstract Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies on clean polycrystalline graphite under ultra high vacuum conditions are described. The same three strongly bound oxygenated species are formed after O2, CO2 and H2O adsorption. They decompose to give CO at 973, 1093 and 1253 K. Small amounts of CO2 are also produced after adsorption of these gases, with desorption temperatures at 463, 573, 693, 793 and 793 K. Attempts are made to ascribe these TPD features more precisely. After H2O adsorption, some H2 is evolved at ca. 1300 K. Hydrocarbons (C1–C6) are also produced but in smaller amounts. A general mechanism is proposed for the gasification reactions of graphite with O2, CO2 and H2O. Physical wetting of the clean graphite surface leads to a H2O molecule reversibly bound to the carbon surface. According to XPS data, a hydrate type of bond is proposed. Considerations on the noncatalytic as well as on the catalytic steam gasification of graphite are made. It is suggested that in both cases the reaction is not only controlled by the desorption of the products (i.e., the decomposition of the surface intermediates) but also by the sticking probability of the H2O on the graphite edges.
Stability of tritium-labelled glycosphingolipids

Abstract The stability of three tritium-labelled neutral glycosphingolipids (a ceramide monosaccharide, a ceramide disaccharide, and a ceramide tetrasaccharide) having specific activities of 0.2–0.9 mCi/mg were compared over a 2-month period. All were unstable but the instability increased with increased structural complexity. At this activity level, the compounds may be kept for about 1 week with repurification.
Changes in Lipid-Encapsulated Microbubble Population During Continuous Infusion and Methods to Maintain Consistency

Stabilized microbubbles are used as ultrasound contrast agents. These micron-sized gas capsules are injected into the bloodstream to provide contrast enhancement during ultrasound imaging. Some contrast imaging strategies, such as destruction-reperfusion, require a continuous injection of microbubbles over several minutes. Most quantitative imaging strategies rely on the ability to administer a consistent dose of contrast agent. Because of the buoyancy of these gas-filled agents, their spatial distribution within a syringe changes over time. The population of microbubbles that is pumped from a horizontal syringe outlet differs from initial population as the microbubbles float to the syringe top. In this manuscript, we study the changes in the population of a contrast agent that is pumped from a syringe caused by microbubble flotation. Results are presented in terms of change in concentration and change in mean diameter, as a function of time, suspension medium and syringe diameter. Data illustrate that the distribution of contrast agents injected from a syringe changes in both concentration and mean diameter over several minutes without mixing. We discuss the application of a mixing system and viscosity agents to keep the contrast solution more evenly distributed in a syringe. These results are significant for researchers using microbubble contrast agents in continuous-infusion applications where it is important to maintain consistent contrast agent delivery rate, or in situations where the injection syringe cannot be mixed immediately before administration.
The declining suitability of the formula approach to funding public higher education: Rationale and alternatives

Lack of adequate fiscal support and a means of convincing the public of higher education's financial needs are two of the greatest challenges facing postsecondary education. Inflationary costs combined with an increasingly high degree of public apathy toward higher education have created salient problems which we must address and rectify if higher education is to fulfill its role in a democratic society. A changing society's needs and demands have created a shift in our allocation of resources to higher education. In the past, a positive value was placed on the need and benefits of higher education for the nation, and considerable financial and moral support was readily attainable. Higher education experienced significant growth in enrollment and tremendous enlargement of physical facilities. Several events, however, such as increased federal and state support to other public service programs, unemployment of college graduates, and student unrest have contributed to gradual erosion of higher education support. In the late sixties and early seventies, "accountability" became the byword of higher education as legislators, taxpayers, and educators sought to justify spending patterns and funding requests. Orstein estimates that forty-five states will have enacted accountability legislation by the end of 1976.1 These laws seek to demonstrate accountability through implementation of recognized management techniques, formalized cost accounting procedures, and structured budgeting procedures. Two major problems relating to educational accountability result from educators' perspective of accountability and its effect on higher education. For
Judicious Imitation : Children Differentially Imitate Deterministically and Probabilistically Effective Actions

Three studies look at whether the assumption of causal determinism (the assumption that all else being equal, causes generate effects deterministically) affects children’s imitation of modeled actions. These studies show even when the frequency of an effect is matched, both preschoolers (N = 60; M = 56 months) and toddlers (N = 48; M = 18 months) imitate actions more faithfully when modeled actions are deterministically rather than probabilistically effective. A third study suggests that preschoolers’ (N = 32; M = 58 months) imitation is affected not just by whether the agent’s goal is satisfied but also by whether the action is a reliable means to the goal. Children’s tendency to generate variable responses to probabilistically effective modeled actions could support causal learning.
Ovine interferon-tau inhibits estrogen receptor up-regulation and estrogen-induced luteolysis in cyclic ewes.

This study determined whether intrauterine injection of interferon-tau (IFN tau) could block luteolysis in cyclic ewes treated with a luteolytic dose of 17 beta-estradiol benzoate (E) on day 12 of the estrous cycle. Thirty-two ewes were fitted with uterine catheters on day 5 of the estrous cycle and treated with recombinant ovine IFN tau (2 x 10(7) antiviral units/ewe/day) or control proteins (6 mg/day) by intrauterine injection from day 10 until hysterectomy. At 1900 h on day 12, all ewes received 750 micrograms E, im, and were hysterectomized 12, 24, 36, or 48 h post-E administration. Plasma concentrations of progesterone declined in control animals but increased in IFN tau-treated ewes after E injection (P < 0.01, treatment x day interaction). Likewise, total corpus luteum weight decreased in control but not IFN tau-treated ewes after E administration (P < 0.02, treatment x time interaction). In control ewes, endometrial estrogen receptor (ER) messenger RNA (mRNA; P < 0.03) and progesterone receptor (P...
Expert agreement in evaluating the optic disc for glaucoma.

The authors studied intraobserver and interobserver agreement, under monoscopic and stereoscopic conditions, in estimating vertical cup-to-disc ratios and in assessing whether a disc had glaucomatous damage. Six glaucoma experts evaluated 75 optic disc photographs under both viewing conditions. The experts also re-evaluated 25 photographs. Intraobserver agreement in estimating vertical cup-to disc ratios was high (median weighted kappa, 0.79). Interobserver agreement in estimating vertical cup-todisc ratios was moderate (stereoscopic median weighted kappa, 0.67); individual experts differed by as much as 0.2 disc diameters (DD) monoscopically and 0.16 DD stereoscopically. The observers estimated larger vertical cup-to-disc ratios when evaluating the same discs under stereoscopic conditions than under monoscopic conditions. Intraobserver agreement in assessing glaucomatous disc damage was substantial (median kappa, 0.76). Interobserver agreement in assessing glaucomatous damage was moderate (stereoscopic median kappa, 0.50). This study confirms the ability of experts to reliably evaluate the optic disc within themselves and emphasizes the need for developing standardized methods for interobserver evaluation of the optic disc in glaucoma.