cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Formal behavioral evaluation of enrichment programs on a zookeeper's schedule: a case study with a polar bear (Ursus Maritimus) at the Bronx Zoo.

We conducted a brief study of the effectiveness of environmental enrichment for a polar bear at the Bronx Zoo with two objectives in mind. First we wanted to determine if a novel method of collecting data that easily fits into a zookeeper's work routine would produce usable data and if so, we wanted to evaluate the effectiveness of some new items that had been purchased for enriching the polar bear in reducing his pacing behavior. Observations were recorded for 119 days over a period of 5 months from April 2007 through August 2007. Five new items and eight previously used items were rotated and presented to the polar bear in the morning and afternoon. We recorded the bear's behavior five times per day as we passed by his exhibit during our regular work routine. Predictably, we found that the newer enrichment items were more effective at increasing play and decreasing pacing, as well as other more subtle effects on his behavior that helped us to design a better enrichment routine. More importantly, we found that this method of “multi-point scan sampling” was effective at producing ample and reliable data that could be used to analyze the bear's behavior without adding significant work to the keepers' daily routine. Zoo Biol 29:503–508, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Actively transcribed genes are associated with the nuclear matrix

In the chicken oviduct, it has been well documented that steroid hormones stimulate the transcription of specific genes such as the ovalbumin gene. In addition to the presence of specific hormone receptors in the tissue, gene expression seems to require that target genes exist in large DNase I sensitive chromosomal domains. This structure appears necessary but not sufficient for transcriptional activation. In search of still other levels of control, we have investigated the interactions of genes with the nuclear matrix, a structure which has been implicated in DNA synthesis, transcription and RNA processing. Here we have isolated nuclear matrix and used a nondegradative method to fractionate nuclear DNA based on its preferential association with the matrix. The preparation was digested with a restriction enzyme and both matrix-bound and released DNAs were recovered. We found that only actively expressed genes were associated with the matrix. Furthermore, within a 100-kilobase (kb) DNase I sensitive chromosomal domain, only the transcribed regions were associated with the matrix. This association was shown to be reversible when hormone was withdrawn. Our results suggest that the nuclear matrix is the site of nuclear transcription and may represent another potential level of control for regulation of gene expression in the eukaryotic cell.
Austral spring microalgae across the Weddell Sea ice edge: spatial relationships found along a northward transect during AMERIEZ 83

In the northwestern Weddell Sea and eastern Scotia Sea on a transect north from ice-covered, through ice-melt, to open-ocean stations, microalgae were compared to document an enhanced biological activity expected near the ice edge. The highest numbers of cells were found in open water, with 68.7 × 109 cells m−2 north of the ice edge, although melted ice cores and brine from pore water samples averaged more than an order of magnitude more cells per liter. The dominant taxa under the ice and in the ice-melt stations were the pennate diatom genus Nitzschia and the prymeesiophyte Phaeocystis. In the open ocean, the dominants were the centric diatom Thalassiosira gravida and Phaeocystis; both grew in gelatinous colonies, a growth habit that apparently gave competitive advantage and may have inhibited grazing. Phaeocystis could have been seeded from the melting ice and from the water under the ice; it seems less likely that T. gravida came only from those sources. Although Phaeocystis cells were frequently dominant in number, the genus represented far less carbon than T gravida in open waters; Phaeocystis presents a taxonomic and ecological enigma in comparison with accounts from the northern hemisphere in that it was abundant where diatoms also fluorished. Nitzschia survived in low light under the ice and in the brine pockets in the ice and increased steadily in abundance at the ice edge in the open water, whereas Thalassiosira was most abundant to the north and west where the water had recently been uncovered by the retreating ice edge. Of the three dominant taxa, Nitzschia appears to provide the best food base for the zooplankton such as krill.
Hemopoietic stem cell growth and microdiffusion

Abstract Extensive experiments carried out to study the kinetics of stem cell growth in the spleen of irradiated mice are reported here and the methods used are elaborated. The temporal and spatial features of the growth of the hypernetted, interacting system of stem cell chains in the spleen may be understood on the basis of a random distribution of source cells and of a microdiffusing stimulus for stem cell renewal along the cell chains. To test the validity of these assumptions, the growth kinetics are studied after administering various doses of colchicine to stem cells during different stages of growth. The behavior of the various phases of the recovery curves lends support to the theory of microdiffusion. Using the number of stem cells at saturation, the diffusion coefficient of the stimulus for renewal is approximately 10-7 cm2 sec-1.
The conceptual application of systems theory to stem cell biology: a matter of context

Much of our current understanding of stem cell biology is derived from reductionist observations made out of context from the functional stem cell compartment. The extrapolation of observations of cellular behavior from highly contrived experimental circumstances to intact biological systems represents an unsupportable assumption on which we currently rely. The conceptual application of systems theory to stem cell biology requires a shift in our view of experimental stem cell science toward the reality of cellular function within a complex biological system. Although the complexity of the system is beyond current mathematical modeling, the conceptual framework of systems theory can provide context to multiple controversies in stem cell biology.
A probabilistic approach to automatic keyword indexing. Part II. An algorithm for probabilistic indexing

In Part I of this study,* a mixture of two Poisson distributions was examined as a model of specialty word distribution. Formulas expressing the three parameters of the model in terms of empirical frequency statistics were derived, and a statistical measure intended to identify specialty words, consistent with the model, was proposed. In the present paper, Part II of the study, a probabilistic model of keyword indexing is outlined, and some of the consequences of the model are examined. An algorithm defining a measure of indexability is developed-a measure intended to reflect the relative significance of words in documents. The measure is evaluated and is found to consistently produce indexes superior to those produced by another measure which had previously been identified in the literature as producing the best results.
Effect of cocaine on coronary artery dimensions in atherosclerotic coronary artery disease: Enhanced vasoconstriction at sites of significant stenoses

Abstract Cocaine increases myocardial oxygen demand and paradoxically decreases oxygen supply by reducing coronary blood flow. Such “inappropriate” vasoconstriction also occurs with exercise, which causes intense vasoconstriction of coronary artery segments narrowed by atherosclerosis. This study was done to assess the cocaine-induced change in vasomotor tone of diseased and nondiseased coronary artery segments. In 18 patients (15 men, 3 women, aged 35 to 67 years), coronary artery areas in diseased and nondiseased segments were quantitated before and 15 min after administration of intranasal saline solution (6 patients) or cocaine (2 mg/kg body weight) (12 patients). No variables changed after intake of the saline solution. In response to cocaine, the luminal areas of diseased and nondiseased segments decreased, but the magnitude of vasoconstriction was greater in the diseased segments (mean ± SD 29 ± 23% versus 13 ± 8%, p Thus, cocaine causes vasoconstriction of diseased and nondiseased coronary artery segments, but its effect is particularly marked in the former.
Proximal femur bone geometry is appropriately adapted to lean mass in overweight children and adolescents

It is unclear if the bones of overweight children are appropriately adapted to increased loads. The objective of this study was to compare bone geometry in 40 overweight (body mass index [BMI] > 85th percentile) and 94 healthy weight (BMI 0.22), with the exception of NN subperiosteal width [3% (0, 6), P = 0.04]. Fat mass did not contribute significantly to any model. In summary, proximal femur bone geometric strength in overweight children was appropriately adapted to lean mass and height but greater weight in the form of fat mass did not have an independent effect on bone bending strength. These geometric adaptations are consistent with the mechanostat hypothesis that bone strength adapts primarily to muscle forces, not to static loads represented by body weight.
A superconducting spectrometer magnet system for the detection of heavy isotopes

LASSY is a proposed large angle gas filled spectrometer for detecting and analyzing heavy nuclei generated when a heavy ion beam (such as fully stripped argon) collides with an actinide thin film target (such as curium). With luck, superheavy nuclei, up to atomic number 114 to 116, produced at the target. In order to improve acceptance and resolution of the shortest lived nuclei, the length of the magnet system must be as short as possible. The LASSY spectrometer consists of a 4 to 6 T superconducting magnet that produces 2.5 Tm of bending (bend radius induction product) with a bend angle of 135 degrees or more. Particles generated at the target (and there decay products) must be focused on an electronic detector less than 3 meters from the target, The resulting spectrometer magnet is quite complex with sections that focus as well as bend the particles from the target. This report presents two possible designs for a large superconducting bending magnet that is a pure bending magnet in the center with defocusing bending sections at the ends of the magnet. This paper shows how one might build bending magnet that is in sections, with each section having a tunable quadrupole and sextupole field in addition to the dipole field.
The Fermilab ACP Multi-Microprocessor Project

We report on the status of the Fermilab Advanced Computer Program's (ACP) project to provide more cost-effective computing engines for the high energy physics community. The project will exploit the cheap, but powerful, commercial microprocessors now available by constructing modular multi-microprocessor systems. A working test bed system as well as plans for the next stages of the project are described.
Generation and Acceleration of High Intensity Beams in the SLC Injector

A new gun pulser and substantially increased focusing have been added to the first 100 m of the SLAC linac in order to provide a pair of intense electron bunches to the SLC damping ring. Each bunch from this injector must have 5 x 1010 electrons, an invariant emittance ?? ? 1.8 x 10-3 m-rad and the pair must have an energy spread of less than 2% . Wakefield instabilities present in earlier versions of this injector 1 have been controlled by reducing the transverse beam dimension by a factor of 3.
Etiology of extubation failure and the predictive value of the rapid shallow breathing index.

Failure of weaning from mechanical ventilation is thought to result from an imbalance between respiratory muscle capacity and respiratory demand. The ratio of respiratory rate to tidal volume (f/VT, rapid shallow breathing index) during spontaneous unsupported respiration increases when this imbalance exists, and may predict the success or failure of weaning from mechanical ventilation. Using f/VT, Yang and Tobin demonstrated a positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.78 (f/VT or = 100, four required reintubation, all because of the underlying respiratory process. This study confirms the high PPV for an f/VT or = 100 but extubation success) for f/VT may be lower than previously reported.
Brief Report: Quality of Life in Overweight Youth—The Role of Multiple Informants and Perceived Social Support

Objective To examine the impact of overweight status on pediatric quality of life (QOL). Method This correlational study examined the relationship between weight, social support, race, informant, and QOL in a sample of 107 clinically overweight youth, ages 12 to 17 years. Results Regression analysis did not support the relation between QOL and weight. Social support was a significant predictor of youth reports of overall QOL. Males reported better physical QOL than females by both parent and youth report. Paired-samples t-tests supported a discrepancy between child and parent-proxy reports of QOL; parents reported significantly worse QOL than their children across many dimensions. Analysis of variance found no significant difference between Caucasian and African American youth's QOL. Conclusions These results highlighted the importance of considering informant, gender, and the impact of social support when measuring QOL in clinically overweight pediatric populations.
Effects of navigation design on Contextualized Video Interfaces

Real-time monitoring and responding to events observed across multiple surveillance cameras can pose an overwhelmingly high mental workload. Contextualized Video Interfaces (which place the surveillance videos within their spatial context) can be used to support these tasks. In order for users to integrate information from the videos and the spatial context as the events progress in real time, navigation interfaces are required. However, different tasks seem to favor different navigation techniques. In this paper, we describe the formal evaluation of four navigation designs for Contextualized Video Interfaces. The four designs arise from the consideration of two important factors of navigation techniques: navigation mode (manual or semi-automatic) and navigation context (overview or detailed view). To avoid a piecemeal understanding of the navigation techniques, we evaluated them using three tasks that have different information requirements. While semi-automatic navigation was generally preferable, low-DOF manual navigation techniques were found to be useful in certain situations. The choice between overview navigation and detailed-view navigation depends primarily on the user's information requirement in the task. Based on the findings, we provide guidelines on how to select designs according to task features.
Experimental histomoniasis in the guinea fowl, Numida meleagris.

SYNOPSIS Guinea fowl were inoculated rectally with Histomonas meleagridis to produce histomoniasis. The birds were infected readily by this unnatural route. Severe cecal involvement was frequent and long-lasting but liver lesions and death were rare. Turkeys given the same inoculum had high levels of liver involvement and mortality. Guinea fowl responded much less severely to infection with H. meleagridis when infected by a natural route (ingestion of a vector) rather than by rectal inoculation. Thus, naturally acquired infections with H. meleagridis appear to be of small consequence in the guinea fowl.
Patient age is a factor in early outcomes after shoulder arthroplasty

Background Elderly and young patients alike are undergoing shoulder replacement at increased rates. In an era of outcomes reporting, risk adjustment, and cost containment, identifying patients likely to have adverse events is increasingly important. Our objective was to determine whether patient age is independently associated with postoperative in-hospital complications or increased hospital charges after shoulder arthroplasty. Methods We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample to analyze 58,790 patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty or hemiarthroplasty between 2000 and 2008. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression modeling was used to compare groups. Our objective was to determine whether age had an independent impact on the likelihood of postoperative in-hospital complications, mortality rate, length of stay, or charges after shoulder arthroplasty. Results Patients aged 80 years or older had an increased in-hospital mortality rate (0.5%) compared with patients aged 50 to 79 years (0.1%) and patients aged younger than 50 years (0.1%). Predictors of death included female gender, total shoulder arthroplasty versus hemiarthroplasty, and Deyo score. Increased age was associated with slightly increased hospital charges. Length of stay was longer in patients aged 80 years or older compared with younger patients. After shoulder arthroplasty, postoperative anemia occurred more often in patients aged 80 years or older. Other postoperative complications including pulmonary embolism, infection, and cardiac complications were similar among groups. Conclusion Older patients tend to have longer hospital stays, an increased incidence of postoperative anemia, and slightly higher charges after shoulder arthroplasty. Advanced age is not associated with an increased incidence of pulmonary embolism, infection, and cardiac complications. Further research is warranted to explain the relationship between age and early postoperative outcomes.
Expression of the Arabidopsis Gene Akr Coincides with Chloroplast Development

Reduced expression of a nuclear gene of Arabidopsis thaliana, Akr, results in the formation of chlorotic plants due to a block in the proplastid-to-chloroplast development pathway (H. Zhang, D.C. Scheirer, W. Fowle, H.M. Goodman [1992] Plant Cell 4: 1575–1588). In an effort to discern the function of the Akr gene product in chloroplast development, transgenic plants containing an Akr::[beta]-glucuronidase gene fusion were constructed to monitor the spatial and temporal patterns of Akr expression. Akr is expressed only in chloroplast-containing tissues and maximal expression occurs during the seedling stage, coincident with chloroplast development. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that Akr is required at an early stage of chloroplast development. The effects of an AKR deficiency on the expression of nuclear and plastid genes required for photosynthetic activity were also examined. Within chloroplast-deficient leaves of plants in which Akr expression is limited by the presence of Akr antisense transgenes or truncated Akr sense transgenes, mRNAs for the nuclear genes Cab2, Cab4, RbcS, and GapA are present at wild-type levels; similarly, levels of mRNAs for the plastid genes rbcL and psbA are not affected by the AKR deficiency. Thus, although expression of these photosynthetic genes is tightly coordinated with the development and maintenance of chloroplasts in wild-type plants, their expression is unaffected in AKR-deficient chlorotic leaves. Therefore, we propose that Akr functions in a pathway different from the one controlling the expression and regulation of the photosynthetic genes during chloroplast development, and at a specific developmental stage after the putative plastid factor is made.
From Theology to a Science of Religions: Jonathan Edwards and William James on Religious Affections

In a volume of speeches published in 1799 and addressed to those whom he called “the cultured among the despisers of religion,” Friedrich Schleiermacher offered a description of religious experience, doctrine, and practice designed to convince his readers that the conventional pieties they deplored in the churches and synagogues were not genuine religion. Instead, true religion was the sense and taste for the infinite that they themselves were cultivating in poetry, criticism, conversation, and other aesthetic pursuits of their romantic circle. He was especially concerned to allay their fears that religious beliefs might conflict with the growth of knowledge about the world of nature or the mind. “Religion,” he wrote, “leaves you, your physics and … also your psychology untouched.”
Real-Time Machinability Analysis of Free Form Surfaces on the GPU

In this paper a new hardware accelerated method is presented to evaluate the machinability of free-form surfaces. This method works on tessellated models that are commonly used by computer aided design (CAD) systems to render three-dimensional shaded images of solid models. Modern graphics processing units (GPUs) can be programed in hardware to accelerate specialized rendering techniques. In this research, we have developed new algorithms that utilize the programmability of GPUs to evaluate the machinability of free-form surfaces. The method runs in real-time on fairly inexpensive hardware (<$600), and performs well regardless of the surface type. The complexity of the method is dictated by the size of the projected view of the model. The proposed method can be used as a plug-in in a CAD system to evaluate the manufacturability of a part at early design stages. The efficiency and the speed of the proposed method are demonstrated on some complex objects.
On Profiling the Energy Consumption of Distributed Simulations: A Case Study

Reducing the energy consumption of computing systems has been the topic of many research studies. Specifically, optimizing the energy consumption of applications is important to reduce the carbon footprint and the associated costs. In this paper, we detail a method to profile the energy usage of distributed simulations in a grid environment and conduct several experiments towards characterizing the power behavior of our PRIME network simulator. We conclude that although PRIME shows a high level of parallelization in some scenarios, the energy consumption increases significantly as more compute nodes are used to run a network model. Also, we show that cross-traffic has a tremendous impact in the energy usage
Evolution of reconfigurable architectures to SoFPGA

Reconfigurable architectures bridge the gap between ASICs and general-purpose microprocessors, achieving potentially higher performance than general-purpose microprocessors while maintaining a higher level of flexibility than ASICs. This paper first reviews the current research activities in reconfigurable platform architectures and identifies areas that seem to hold the promise for supporting significant future improvements. The paper then proposes a reconfigurable SoFPGA (System-on-FPGA) architecture, which will be based on interconnecting the basic reconfigurable SoFPGA building units, IP cores (intellectual property)
Transitions in Na-like and Mg-like ions of In, Sb, I, and Cs

The spectra of highly charged ions of the elements In, Sb, I, and Cs have been recorded by using a 3-m grazing-incidence spectrograph at the University of Rochester’s Laboratory for Laser Energetics. Transitions in the Na i and Mg i isoelectronic sequences have been identified. Wavelengths in the range 7–100 A were measured to an accuracy of ± 0.02 A, and energy levels were derived from the measured wavelengths.
Revision of the tensile database for V-Ti and V-Cr-Ti alloys tested at ANL.

The published database for the tensile properties of unirradiated and irradiated vanadium-based alloys tested at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has been reviewed. The alloys tested are in the ranges of V-(0-18)wt.%Ti and V-(4-15)wt.%Cr-(3-15)wt.%Ti. A consistent methodology, based on ASTM terminology and standards, has been used to re-analyze the unpublished load vs. displacement curves for 162 unirradiated samples and 91 irradiated samples to determine revised values for yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), uniform elongation (UE) and total elongation (TE). The revised data set contains lower values for UE ({minus}5{+-}2% strain) and TE ({minus}4{+-}2% strain) than previously reported. Revised values for YS and UTS are consistent with the previously-published values in that they are within the scatter usually associated with these properties.
A linear mosfet regulator for improving performance of the booster ramping power supplies at the APS

The APS booster ring uses ramping power supplies to power the sextupole, quadrupole, and dipole magnets as the beam energy ramps up linearly to 7 GeV. Due to the circuit topology used, those supplies are unable to follow the linear ramp to the desired accuracy. The best regulation achieved is 0.25% while 0.1% is desired. In addition to the unsatisfying regulation, those supplies are sensitive to AC line perturbation and are not able to reject AC line noises of more than a few tens of hertz. To improve the performance, a linear MOSFET regulation system using paralleled MOSFET devices in series with the power supply is proposed. The system uses a realtime current feedback loop to force the MOSFETs to work in the linear operation mode. By using this linear MOSFET regulator, the voltage drop on MOSFETs, and hence the voltage imposed on magnets, can be regulated very quickly. As a result, the regulation of the magnet current can be improved significantly. So far the simulation results show that with the linear regulator, the current regulation can be improved to better than 0.1%. Because of the high bandwidth of the linear regulator, it can reduce the harmonic content in the output current as well as reject the AC line disturbance. This paper discusses the circuit topology, the regulation method, and the simulation results.
Divine deception and monotheism: a reply to Hasker

In two recent pieces William Hasker argues that my arguments against Social Trinitarianism fail. I argue here that he hasn't successfully refuted or rebutted them, and that his response to the quaternity problem sacrifices monotheism.
Using Natural Language Processing, Locus Link, and the Gene Ontology to Compare OMIM to MEDLINE

Researchers in the biomedical and molecular biology fields are faced with a wide variety of information sources. These are presented in the form of images, free text, and structured data files that include medical records, gene and protein sequence data, and whole genome microarray data, all gathered from a variety of experimental organisms and clinical subjects. The need to organize and relate this information, particularly concerning genes, has motivated the development of resources, such as the Unified Medical Language System, Gene Ontology, LocusLink, and the Online Inheritance In Man (OMIM) database. We describe a natural language processing application to extract information on genes from unstructured text and discuss ways to integrate this information with some of the available online resources.
An ulcerated mouth lesion following one dose of sublingual asenapine

Abstract Purpose: To report the first descriptive case of a mouth lesion following one dose of sublingually administered asenapine. Summary: Asenapine is a second-generation antipsychotic, approved in the United States in August 2009, for the treatment of schizophrenia and acute mania associated with bipolar disorder. It is administered as a sublingual tablet to be taken twice daily. Although the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, it is thought to be mediated through a combination of antagonist activity at the dopamine and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. Sublingual bioavailability is estimated at 35% and is highly plasma protein bound (95%). Oral administration results in low bioavailability (< 2%) due to extensive first-pass metabolism. Adverse tissue reactions identified by the manufacturer include mouth ulcers, blisters, and peeling/sloughing of the contact area. In one manufacturer-sponsored trial, oral paresthesia events were reported for the following administration routes: sublingual (7...
Evaluation and application of a newly developed dose calibrator computer interfaced software.

2223 Objectives: Radiopharmaceutical kit management and dose calculation are currently performed manually in our nuclear pharmacy. Our laboratory implemented and validated the accuracy of a new software program and computer database, created to replace the current method of dose calculation and record keeping with an automated method. Methods: A total of 328 radiopharmaceutical doses and 109 kits were evaluated. Data was collected on dose calculation and kit preparation to manually calculate each predetermined dose volume and complete required forms. The manually calculated dose volumes and quality control values were comprehensively compared to the corresponding preparation time, quality control values, and predetermined dose volumes that were generated automatically. Database information was evaluated to determine effectiveness. Results: Data showed that the software program is a reliable method for accurately calculating dose volumes and quality control values. Of the 328 radiopharmaceutical doses, 248 volumes were in total agreement. The deviation from computer generated volumes to manually calculated volumes ranged from 4% to 55%; deviations due to rounding in the calculated values. Quality control values were in total agreement. The accuracy of radiopharmaceutical volumes and quality control values generated by the computer were confirmed by comparing these values to the corresponding value calculated by the technologist. Average time saved by use of the automated method varied with each technologist. Median time saved was thirty seconds per dose preparation. The database established, recorded the origin, destination, date, volume, activity, and time for each radiopharmaceutical prepared in the nuclear pharmacy, which is useful to the technologist and management, to follow trends of radiopharmaceutical use as well as management of regulatory data. Conclusions: The automatically calculated method demonstrated to be effective at reducing time spent on radiopharmaceutical formulation and dose calculations. Database information proved to be useful to validate trends in radiopharmaceutical use and regulatory data management. The new dose calibrator computer interfaced software allows the nuclear medicine technologist to more efficiently perform daily operations and increase productivity of the department.
Student Use of the Supplemental Instruction Program:A Survey of Students in an Introductory American Politics Course

Many institutions of higher education – community colleges in particular – are focused on issues related to student success. In an effort to close the achievement gap between student demographic groups, college administrators encourage faculty to link their students to the academic support services provided on campus. Such efforts may be voluntary for the college or part of a coordinated institutional, regional, or national effort. One service employed by many colleges is the Supplemental Instruction (SI ) program. The program is voluntary for students in “academically rigorous courses” and aims to “integrate how-to-learn with what-to-learn.” The program is touted by its proponents for helping students withdraw less and earn higher grades. This paper examines student use of the SI program in an introductory course in American Politics. Students in four sections of the course were surveyed about their use of the SI program and other academic support services provided at a Midwestern community college. The results of this preliminary survey are discussed.
How Useful is the Concept of 'Antisemitism' to the Study of Jewish-Christian Relations?

Antisemitism enjoys a long history that pre-dates the Christian era but has since been refined with the utmost intensity with the emergence of Christianity. In its popular conception, and as universally employed, antisemitism is an ideology that attempts minimally to impose disabilities or maximally to annihilate the Jews on grounds that are informed by religious and social sensibilities in a particular society at the time of occurrence. Thus, any serious discourse or study of Jewish-Christian relations would, at best, be superficial or devolves to polite discussion if it fails to take cognizance of both historical and modern manifestations of it. For, antisemitism, in all its variants, have perennially shaped and informed the tumultuous and often brutal relationship between Jews and Christians. This essay aims to address the pivotal role and importance of antisemitism in the study of Jewish-Christian relations, its effects on practitioners of the Jewish faith, and what can be done to contain it.
“Come on Baby. You Know I Love You”: African American Women’s Experiences of Communication with Male Partners and Disclosure in the Context of Unwanted Sex

We examined African American women's experiences of communication with their male intimate partners a couple of hours before and after an incident of unwanted sex. We also examined women's experiences of disclosure following an incident of unwanted sex. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with a community-based sample of sexually active African American women (n = 19) reporting at least one incident of sexual coercion (i.e., being pressured into unwanted sex without consent) by an intimate male partner since the age of 18. Our analysis was guided by "the sexual division of power" from Connell's (1987) theory of gender and power. Data were analyzed inductively by examining the interviews for common themes in the following domains: communication before the unwanted sex, communication after the unwanted sex, and disclosure to others. Men pressured partners for unwanted sex through verbal and non-verbal tactics, ranging from pestering and blunt requests for sex to verbal bullying and violence. Many women responded by clearly saying no. However, many women also described eventually ceasing to resist their partners and engaging in unwanted sex. After the unwanted sex, men actively and passively avoided discussing the incident. Although many women discussed the unwanted sex with family and friends, less women disclosed to trained professionals. In some cases, women did not discuss the incident with anyone at all. These findings indicate that, when addressing sexual violence against women, there is a need to target men as well as the norms of masculinity that underpin physical and sexual violence against women.
Eminent Structural Engineer: Félix Candela—Structural Artist of Thin Shell Concrete Forms (1910–1997)

(2011). Eminent Structural Engineer: Felix Candela—Structural Artist of Thin Shell Concrete Forms (1910–1997) Structural Engineering International: Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 520-523.
Experimental Investigation of the Mode Coupling Behavior in a Few Mode Fiber

Mode coupling is one of the important properties for few mode fiber in mode division multiplexing transmission. We review our recent experimental results on the mode coupling in a fiber and at a splice point. Article not available.
Yeast-containing feed additive alters gene expression profiles associated with innate immunity in whole blood of a rodent model

Feeding a yeast-containing additive (YCA; OmniGen-AF) improves immune responses in ruminant livestock and reduces subsequent production losses. The objective was to identify molecular pathways by which dietary YCA may modify immune responses using a rodent model. Thirty-seven healthy, unchallenged CD rats received a diet containing 0 (control; n = 5, only 28 d), 0.5% (n = 15) or 1% (n = 17) YCA for 7 (n = 4/group), 14 (n = 3 or 4/group), 21 (n = 3 or 4/group) or 28 (n = 5/group) d. At the end of the feeding periods, whole blood was collected and the isolated RNA was analyzed for the expression of 84 genes involved in innate and cell-mediated adaptive immune responses. Three bacterial pattern recognition receptors TLR1 (0.5%: + 2.01; 1%: + 2.38), TLR6 (0.5%: + 2.11; 1%: + 2.34) and NOD2 (0.5%: + 2.32; 1%: + 2.23), two APC surface receptors CD1D1 (0.5%: + 1.75; 1%: + 2.33) and CD80 (0.5%: +2.45; 1%: +3.00), and the cell signaling molecule MAPK8 (0.5%: +1.87; 1%: +2.35) were significantly up-regulated by YCA at both inclusion rates. In conclusion, feeding YCA may potentially increase recognition and responses to bacterial pathogens and T-cell activation and differentiation and thereby maintain health and prevent production losses.
Study and Simulation of Multi-level Decision-making in Multi-group Air to Ground Attack-defends Campaign

As to oppositional,multi-objective and multi-level characteristics of multi-group air to ground attack-defends campaign,a trilevel decision-making model was established.The highest level makes the plan of group,and the middle and the lowest level form a principal and subordinate two-level interactive decision-making model.In adition,a Nash-Stackelberg-Nash way was proposed to find out the optimal associated strategy of the middle and the lowest level.The trilevel decision-making model produces the favorable simulating effect.The middle-level and the lowest-level solve the problem of antagonized bilevel by Nash-Stackelberg-Nash way,and the highest-level controled the plan of group effectively.Therefore,the arithmatic offers a powerful and impersonal analysing way of military opposed situation.
Electromagnetic compatibility analysis for electric load terminal

This paper analyzes the sources and transmission approach of electromagnetic interference firstly, then gives out common electromagnetic interference, such as burst, surge, damping waves, voltage drop and short-term disruption and high-frequency electromagnetic field’s causes, characteristics and hazards, and lastly puts forward some effective restraining measures.
Local versus Generalized Phenotypes in Two Sympatric Aurelia Species: Understanding Jellyfish Ecology Using Genetics and Morphometrics

For individuals living in environmentally heterogeneous environments, a key component for adaptation and persistence is the extent of phenotypic differentiation in response to local environmental conditions. In order to determine the extent of environmentally induced morphological variation in a natural population distributed along environmental gradients, it is necessary to account for potential genetic differences contributing to morphological differentiation. In this study, we set out to quantify geographic morphological variation in the moon jellyfish Aurelia exposed at the extremes of a latitudinal environmental gradient in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). We used morphological data based on 28 characters, and genetic data taken from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and nuclear internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1). Molecular analyses revealed the presence of two genetically distinct species of Aurelia co-occurring in the GoM: Aurelia sp. 9 and Aurelia c.f. sp. 2, named for its divergence from (for COI) and similarity to (for ITS-1) Aurelia sp. 2 (Brazil). Neither species exhibited significant population genetic structure between the Northern and the Southeastern Gulf of Mexico; however, they differed greatly in the degree of geographic morphological variation. The morphology of Aurelia sp. 9 exhibited ecophenotypic plasticity and varied significantly between locations, while morphology of Aurelia c.f. sp. 2 was geographically invariant (i.e., canalized). The plastic, generalist medusae of Aurelia sp. 9 are likely able to produce environmentally-induced, "optimal" phenotypes that confer high relative fitness in different environments. In contrast, the non-plastic generalist individuals of Aurelia c.f. sp. 2 likely produce environmentally-independent phenotypes that provide the highest fitness across environments. These findings suggest the two Aurelia lineages co-occurring in the GoM were likely exposed to different past environmental conditions (i.e., different selective pressures) and evolved different strategies to cope with environmental variation. This study highlights the importance of using genetics and morphometric data to understand jellyfish ecology, evolution and systematics.
Blood rheology in shear and uniaxial elongation

Despite being at the same time a very common and precious fluid, the rheological properties of blood have not been thoroughly investigated. In this manuscript, the rheology of swine blood is characterized. The rheology study is performed in shear flow and in uniaxial elongation. Measurements show that blood is a shear-thinning and viscoelastic fluid. The relaxation time and elongational viscosity of blood are measured. The relaxation time is found in agreement with a recent measurement by Brust et al. (2013). It is shown for the first time that the elongational viscosity can be 1000 times higher than the shear viscosity. Implications in biology and forensics are described.
Using metabolite-responsive gene regulators to improve microbial biosynthesis

In microorganisms, ligand-induced gene regulators (proteins and nucleic acids) orchestrate complex changes in gene expression in response to changes in the cellular environment and metabolic status. This review highlights two increasingly popular applications of these types of regulation systems as genetically-encoded biosensors. As molecular reporters, transcription factors and riboswitches are being used to search gene libraries for enhanced production (or in some cases depletion) of the corresponding ligand. Similar genetic constructions allow for growth-coupled product formation and continuous evolution of strain productivity. Meanwhile, whereas gene expression systems for metabolic engineering have traditionally been static or externally tunable, an expanding toolbox of metabolite-responsive gene regulators coupled with deeper insights into metabolic bottlenecks have given rise to dynamic control over engineered pathways. These synthetic ‘sensing’ gene circuits balance metabolite flux and enhance strain productivity. Such innovative applications of metabolite biosensors present new directions in metabolic engineering.
Label-Free Screening Technologies

Labeling techniques have been dominant in drug discovery in the past three decades. However, labeling techniques have caveats associated with label interference, cell engineering, and constraints in target/mechanism of action sought. To improve the productivity of pharmaceutical research and development, label-free screening techniques have been developed and implemented in different phases of the early drug discovery process in the past decade. This article describes how to implement various label-free screening technologies in the work flow of early drug discovery starting from target identification to screening, hit identification, lead optimization and selection, and drug safety assessment.
Breaking Kernel Address Space Layout Randomization with Intel TSX

Kernel hardening has been an important topic since many applications and security mechanisms often consider the kernel as part of their Trusted Computing Base (TCB). Among various hardening techniques, Kernel Address Space Layout Randomization (KASLR) is the most effective and widely adopted defense mechanism that can practically mitigate various memory corruption vulnerabilities, such as buffer overflow and use-after-free. In principle, KASLR is secure as long as no memory leak vulnerability exists and high entropy is ensured. In this paper, we introduce a highly stable timing attack against KASLR, called DrK, that can precisely de-randomize the memory layout of the kernel without violating any such assumptions. DrK exploits a hardware feature called Intel Transactional Synchronization Extension (TSX) that is readily available in most modern commodity CPUs. One surprising behavior of TSX, which is essentially the root cause of this security loophole, is that it aborts a transaction without notifying the underlying kernel even when the transaction fails due to a critical error, such as a page fault or an access violation, which traditionally requires kernel intervention. DrK turned this property into a precise timing channel that can determine the mapping status (i.e., mapped versus unmapped) and execution status (i.e., executable versus non-executable) of the privileged kernel address space. In addition to its surprising accuracy and precision, DrK is universally applicable to all OSes, even in virtualized environments, and generates no visible footprint, making it difficult to detect in practice. We demonstrated that DrK can break the KASLR of all major OSes (i.e., Windows, Linux, and OS X) with near-perfect accuracy in under a second. Finally, we propose potential countermeasures that can effectively prevent or mitigate the DrK attack. We urge our community to be aware of the potential threat of having Intel TSX, which is present in most recent Intel CPUs -- 100% in workstation and 60% in high-end Intel CPUs since Skylake -- and is even available on Amazon EC2 (X1).
Friends from Afar

This research characterizes American media coverage of China’s Confucius Institutes and their related activities in the United States since their emergence more than 12 years ago. Although there are now more than 100 Confucius Institutes and 300 associated classrooms in the country, to date there has been no systematic study of how these Chinese government-sponsored organizations are portrayed in the American press. This study presents a content analysis of 426 articles mentioning these efforts at the heart of China’s public diplomacy endeavors since 2003. Determining that fewer than half of the articles did more than mention these organizations, we dedicate particular attention to the 183 examples that do focus specifically on Confucius Institute and classroom activities across the country. While results point to some differences in tone, framing and sources across university, local, state, national and international news outlets, we find that the majority of coverage focuses uncritically on these Chines...
MEMS oxygen transport device for islet transplantation in the subcutaneous site

This paper presents a new MEMS approach of maintaining islet oxygenation for subcutaneous islet transplantation therapy of type 1 diabetes by engineering a MEMS oxygen transport device. A device is designed and fabricated. Bench-top testing and computational modeling of the device have demonstrated that it would provide sufficient oxygen to prevent hypoxia-induced islet death and maintain the functional metabolic activity of glucose-simulated insulin secretion for islets transplanted subcutaneously.
High Quantum Efficiency Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photodiode

We report uni-traveling-carrier photodiodes with a quantum efficiency of 98% ±0.8% at 1064 nm. For 50 μm devices, the measured 3-dB bandwidth is 2 GHz and the dark current is 10 nA at a bias voltage of -5 V. The dark current is dominated by generation-recombination at a bias voltage of -10 V and the activation energy is 0.23 eV. At higher bias voltage, tunneling becomes a significant component of the dark current.