cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sleep EEG stages and growth hormone levels in endogenous and exogenous hypercortisolemia or ACTH elevation.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) stages and growth hormone levels in endogenous and exogenous hypercortisolemia or ACTH (corticotropin) elevation. Studies of nocturnal sleep EEG stages and plasma growth hormone (GH) and cortisol levels (used as indices of central nervous system (CNS) function) were performed in subjects with endogenous or exogenous elevation of plasma corticosteroid or ACTH levels, and in patients with hypothalamic tumors. These studies were designed to determine if there was any evidence of altered CNS function that was unique to Cushing's disease, independent of any effects of hypercortisolemia per se. The presence of normal sleep EEG stages in 4 patients with Cushing's disease who have subsequently developed Nelson's syndrome of 1-9 years duration additionally suggests a role of this peptide in the genesis of sleep EEG stages. The finding of suppression of stage III-IV sleep in the patient with the adrenal adenoma and lack of such suppression in patients receiving chronic prednisone therapy suggests differential effects of exogenous and endogenous steroids.
Markov’s Theorem of Determinants and the Stability of Families of Polynomials

Amid growing interest in Kharitonov’s stability result [A]; e.g., see [7], a theorem due to Markov seems to have been overlooked (at least in this author’s opinion.) Markov’s “Theorem on Determinants” (see page 241 of [1]) leads to a simple condition for a family of polynomials to be Hurwitz. It requires only two members of the family to be Hurwitz; recall that Kharitonov’s Theorem requires four.
Introduction to Section IV: Biophysical Methods to Approach CFTR Structure

Inefficient folding of CFTR into a functional three-dimensional structure is the basic pathophysiologic mechanism leading to most cases of cystic fibrosis. Knowledge of the structure of CFTR and placement of these mutations into a structural context would provide information key for developing targeted therapeutic approaches for cystic fibrosis. As a large polytopic membrane protein containing disordered regions, intact CFTR has been refractory to efforts to solve a high-resolution structure using X-ray crystallography. The following chapters summarize current efforts to circumvent these obstacles by utilizing NMR, electron microscopy, and computational methodologies and by development of experimental models of the relevant domains of CFTR.
Service as the New Paradigm in Retailing

The increasingly competitive global marketplace of the twenty-first century, together with fundamental changes in the lifestyles of many consumers, has compelled retail organizations to transform their perceptions of themselves and the way in which they need to conduct business if they are to meet the changing needs of their customers. In particular, the increasing consumer demand for superior service and rapid developments in information technology, the Internet, and telecommunications have forced retail firms to operate within a new business environment that bears little resemblance to that of only a decade ago. At the same time, profound changes in consumer lifestyles and buying behavior have meant that previously successful retail business models and practices are no longer capable of providing an adequate framework to sustain effective and efficient retail operations. The critical success factors that guaranteed business prosperity in the past are, thus, no longer applicable, as retail managers have realized that they require a new paradigm for the retail industry of the twenty-first century. The two key strategic factors (or “pillars”) of this new paradigm are (1) service and (2) technology.
Same-sign dilepton excesses and light top squarks

This is a copy of an article published in the Physical Review D. © 2015 American Physical Society. http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.92.075035
Age-related loss of nongoblet crypt cells parallels decreased secretion in rabbit descending colon.

The effects of aging on active electrolyte transport and epithelial cell morphology were studied in rabbit descending colon. The rate of electrolyte transport was determined using the voltage-clamp technique, while computerized morphometric techniques were used to describe age-related and secretion-induced changes in histology. Comparison of percent water content of fecal pellets between young (2-3 mo) and mature (3.5-5 yr) animals demonstrated that mature animals had significantly decreased percent stool water. In mature animals, the total number of crypt epithelial cells was significantly less than in young animals, primarily due to the loss of crypt nongoblet cells. Crypt goblet cell number and area were not significantly changed from young to mature, while the crypt nongoblet cell number and area declined 38 and 28%, respectively, in the mature colon. Theophylline elicited dilatation of the crypt lumen. The decreased crypt nongoblet cell area correlated with a decreased theophylline-induced Cl- secretory response observed in the mature colon as measured by the change in short-circuit current (Isc). Also, a significant decrease in theophylline-stimulated active Cl- secretion was observed in mature vs. young animals in the presence of mucosal barium (5 mM) to eliminate active K+ secretion. The maximum theophylline plus barium-induced increase in Isc in young colon was 3.4 +/- 0.3 mueq.cm-2.h-1 and in mature colon 2.5 +/- 0.3 mueq.cm-2.h-1 (P less than 0.05). No significant difference in basal Isc and amiloride-inhibitable Na+ absorption was found between young and mature animals. The decreased capacity to secrete Cl- and the decrease in number and area of crypt nongoblet cells corresponds with the decrease in percent water content of mature fecal pellets.
“Rational Diameters” and the Discovery of Incommensurability

1. The study of incommensurables and irrationals constituted a prominent part of early Greek geometry, stimulating efforts from the Pythagoreans, the key geometers Theaetetus and Eudoxus at the time of Plato, and extending to Euclid. [4] The Tenth Book of the Elements, by far the lengthiest and most imposing of the thirteen books, stands as the culmination of this inquiry. But before Euclid, we have only a few testimonies of the earliest work in this field, so that any attempt to describe the first discovery of the incommensurables is necessarily speculative. For Aristotle the existence of incommensurable magnitudes is already a familiar phenomenon, suitable as an example in his discussions of topics in logic and science. [1, pp. 295-297] In Prior Analytics I 23, for instance, he takes as his principal specimen of an indirect proof that of the incommensurability of the side and diameter* of the square and indicates its key feature: the hypothesis of commensurability entails that odd numbers equal even numbers. [3, pp. 22-23], [4, chap. 2] This manner of proof, which is still commonly used in elementary mathematics (see Section 8), has thus been supposed to represent the reasoning first adopted by the Pythagoreans. [2, Vol. III, p. 2]
Free Amino Acids in the Eggs and Hemolymph of the Grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes (Orthoptera: Acrididae). 2. Changes in Composition as a Result of Diet and Population and Artificial Stress

The primary objective of this study was to determine if the grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.) shows biochemical symptoms of stress in the amino acid content of its hemolymph. Changes in amino acid composition caused by diet had to be considered, since the grasshoppers were maintained on different diets. It was found that grasshoppers fed on the laboratory diet had a higher concentration of glutamine, glutamic acid, and asparagine and a greater number of ninhydrin-positive unidentified compounds. Differences in amino acid concentration also were noted in grasshoppers collected from different localities throughout the State of Idaho. The effect of drastic forms of stress on grasshoppers was most noticeable as an increase in concentration of glutamine and asparagine, and a decrease of proline. Taurine was found only in the blood of grasshoppers from crowded populations, and in physically restrained and electrically stimulated grasshoppers.
Electrografted diazonium salt layers for antifouling on the surface of surface plasmon resonance biosensors.

Electrografted diazonium salt layers on the surface of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors present potential for a significant improvement in antifouling coatings. A pulsed potential deposition profile was used in order to circumvent mass-transport limitations for layer deposition rate. The influence of number of pulses with respect to antifouling efficacy was evaluated by nonspecific adsorption surface coverage of crude bovine serum proteins. Instead of using empirical and rough estimated values, the penetration depth and sensitivity of the SPR instrument were experimentally determined for the calculation of nonspecific adsorption surface coverage. This provides a method to better examine antifouling surface coatings and compare crossing different coatings and experimental systems. Direct comparison of antifouling performance of different diazonium salts was facilitated by a tripad SPR sensor design. The electrografted 4-phenylalanine diazonium chloride (4-APhe) layers with zwitterionic characteristi...
Multiple Autogeny and Burrow Oviposition by a Marine Horse Fly (Diptera: Tabanidae)

The pangoniine horse fly Apatolestes actites , whose immatures inhabit coastal sandy beaches in California, USA, was found to be bi-autogenous and to have much-reduced mouthparts. This is the first report of multiple autogeny in a wild-caught member of a predominantly bloodsucking brachycerous family; females of nearly all other known autogenous flies normally either require a blood meal to complete their 2nd gonotrophic cycle or are incapable of producing a 2nd batch of eggs. Gravid A. actites females search for, and oviposit in, subterranean burrows of amphipods or isopods. All other tabanids whose oviposition habits have been studied lay their eggs on objects aboveground. Mulitple autogeny and subterranean oviposition, plus other physiological and behavioral adaptations, have enabled this horse fly to colonize a generally inhospitable environment.
Characterization of uncertainty in estimation of methane collection from select U.S. landfills.

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas generated from the anaerobic decomposition of waste in landfills. If captured, methane can be beneficially used to generate electricity. To inventory emissions and assist the landfill industry with energy recovery projects, the U.S. EPA developed the Landfill Gas Emissions Model (LandGEM) that includes two key parameters: the first-order decay rate (k) and methane production potential (L0). By using data from 11 U.S. landfills, Monte Carlo simulations were performed to quantify the effect of uncertainty in gas collection efficiency and municipal solid waste fraction on optimal k values and collectable methane. A dual-phase model and associated parameters were also developed to evaluate its performance relative to a single-phase model (SPM) similar to LandGEM. The SPM is shown to give lower error in estimating methane collection, with site-specific best-fit k values. Most of the optimal k values are notably greater than the U.S. EPA’s default of 0.04 yr–1, which implies t...
Direct Observation of Ultrafast Dynamics in DNA Bases

Time-resolved photoelectron spectra of adenine and 9-methyl adenine are presented. Differences in the spectra combined with calculated Franck-Condon structures prove unambiguously the involvement of the πσ* deactivation channel in the reaction dynamics of adenine.
Humoral Antibody Responses to Specific Antigens of Coccidioides immitis

To identify antigens important to the diagnosis or pathogenesis of coccidioidomycosis, we analyzed three coccidioidal extracts by immunoblotting techniques with sera from patients infected with Coccidioides immitis and from immunized rabbits. When denatured fungal extracts were used, sera from at least 9 of 10 patients reacted with antigens of 100, 60, and 45 kilodaltons (kDa). By agar diffusion, the 100-kDa antigen appeared to be identical to the conventional tube precipitin antigen. Five of the six sera from patients with pulmonary syndromes reacted with another antigen of 70 kDa, but sera from patients with disseminated disease did not react with this antigen. Both the 100-kDa and the 70-kDa antigens were present in the 70-130-kDa region of the nondenatured fungal extracts. Our results suggest that the 100-kDa antigen may be useful in future diagnostic tests and that the 70-kDa antigen may identify patients whose infection is confined to the chest.
Selecting Fluoropolymers for Corrosion Control

This chapter deals with the two distinct aspects of materials selection: (1) Selection of fluoropolymers from the entire spectrum of materials such as metals, ceramics, and polymers and (2) Selection of a specific fluoropolymer.
The bonding mechanism of aramid fibres to epoxy matrices

In this study attempts are made to develop a basic understanding of the interfacial interactions resulting from the combination of aramid fibres with epoxy matrices in composite materials. The interfacial interactions examined are mechanical stresses due to fibre-matrix thermal strains and Poisson's ratio mismatch, covalent chemical bonding, fibre-matrix wetting, and effects of physicochemical weak boundary layers. Both aramid and carbon fibres have been examined to assess the interfacial interactions by comparing the behaviour of these two fibres in the same matrices. The results indicate that the adhesion of aramid fibres to epoxy matrices lack both the mechanical and the chemical interactions present at the carbon-epoxy interface. Aramid fibres exhibit an interfacial shear strength much lower than the expected theoretical value. Direct observation of the aramid-epoxy interface by transmission electron microscopy shows fibrillar separations within the fibre surface, which may be the limiting factor in achieving greater interfacial adhesion.
Creating a Global Acute Care Surgery Fellowship to Meet International Need

Introduction Existing Acute Care Surgery (ACS) fellowships are positioned to develop well-trained surgeons with specific skills to facilitate improvements in care delivery in Global ACS. Many resident and fellowship programs offer clinical electives that expose trainees to operative experiences, exposing trainees to the needs in resource-challenged settings. However, most lack a focus on long-term development and research designed to enhance the country’s local skills, capability, and capacity. The Global Acute Care Surgery (Global ACS) fellowship produces a surgeon who focuses on capacity building and systems development across the world. Methods At Vanderbilt University, the current American Association for the Surgery of Trauma-Acute Care Surgery (AAST-ACS) fellowship was adapted to create an academic Global Acute Care Surgery (Global ACS) fellowship. This fellowship specifically enhances fellowship trainee’s skills in needs assessment and performing research to facilitate the development and implementation of trauma and acute care surgery systems in low- and middle income countries. This research will foster context-appropriate data, collected and based in low- and middle-income countries, to guide practice and policy. Results and Conclusion Two fellows have completed the Global ACS fellowship at Vanderbilt University. The fellowship requirements, clinical skills, project development and overall goals are outlined within the article. Challenges, funding, and mentorship must also be addressed to develop a comprehensive fellowship. A sample two-year timeline is provided to complete the fellowship track and meet the defined goals. A structured global acute care surgery fellowship enables fellows to reduce the surgical burden of disease and contribute to surgical systems development at both local and international levels by creating meaningful research and developing sustainable change in LMIC countries.
An Analysis of Nearly One Billion Dollars of Aquaculture Grants Made by the US Federal Government from 1990 to 2015

The aquaculture industry relies on federal investments to stimulate aquaculture research and development (R&D). We conducted this study to track federal spending for aquaculture using a large database of 2957 US federal research grants awarded from 1990 to 2015. During that period, 1.04 billion US dollars (USD) were spent on aquaculture research, with 919 million USD from federal agencies and 123 million USD in matching funds. By comparison, over the same time frame, the US Department of Agriculture's R&D spending was 41 billion USD. Federal grant funding for aquaculture had a 37-fold return on investment since 2000. Microalgae, oysters, salmon and trout, catfish, and shrimp received the most grant support, and the most common topics/disciplines were aquaculture production sciences, aquatic animal health and disease, genetics and breeding, and nutrition. Our findings can be used to identify research gaps and inform federal policy, grant making, and budget allocation.
Penis Transplantation: First US Experience.

Objective:We describe the first successful penis transplant in the United States in a patient with a history of subtotal penectomy for penile cancer.Background:Penis transplantation represents a new paradigm in restoring anatomic appearance, urine conduit, and sexual function after genitourinary tis
Recurrent conjunctivitis secondary to Gram-positive bacillus, Bacillus thuringiensis.

Bacillus thuringiensis is a Gram‐positive, rod‐shaped (bacillus), soil‐dwelling bacterium capable of forming spores and producing crystal proteins/toxins that are used worldwide as insecticides.201...
Analysis to Establish Differences in Efficiency Metrics Between Operating Room and Non-Operating Room Anesthesia Cases.

While a number of studies have examined efficiency metrics in the operating rooms (ORs), there are few studies addressing non-operating room anesthesia (NORA) metrics. The standards established in the realm of OR studies may not apply to ongoing investigations of NORA efficiency. We hypothesize that there are significant differences in these commonly used metrics﻿. Using retrospective data from a single tertiary care hospital in the 2015 calendar year, we measured turnover times, cancellation rates, first case start delays, and scheduling error (actual time minus scheduled time) for the OR and NORA settings. On average, TOTs for NORA cases were approximately 50% shorter than OR cases (16.21 min vs. 37.18 min), but had a larger variation (11.02 min vs. 8.12 min). NORA cases were 64% as likely to be cancelled compared to OR cases. In contrast, NORA cases had an average first case start delay that was two times greater than that of OR cases (24.45 min vs. 10.58 min), along with over double the standard deviation (11.97 min vs. 5.90 min). Case times for NORA settings tended to be overestimated (−4.07 min versus −2.12 min), but showed less variation (8.61 min vs. 17.92 min). In short, there are significant differences in common efficiency metrics between OR and NORA cases. Future studies should elucidate and validate appropriate efficiency benchmarks for the NORA setting.
Revised Lag Sequential Analysis

(1987). Revised Lag Sequential Analysis. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 10, Communication Yearbook 10, pp. 172-182.
“Wildest dreams”: the racial aura of celebrity safari

ABSTRACTThis paper deploys theories of aura to explore the celebrity safari as a mode by which famous people authenticate Africa as a distant, timeless place for a global audience. Their safari depictions create an imagined mystical locale, an aura, that imbues cult value and maintains transnational racial divides. The celebritized racial aura constructs a nostalgic paradise that sits in contrast to the many narratives of misery and privation that celebrity representation also creates. Thus aura commodifies the continent as a kind of playground for the desires of Western publics.
Squamous Carcinomas of the Head and Neck: Novel Genomic Approaches

Publisher Summary This chapter describes recent developments of sensitive molecular techniques and approaches that are likely to identify altered gene products that cause the development and progression of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC). These include the use of laser capture microdissection (LCM), driven primarily by the need to isolate pure cell population from their native tissue and the use of DNA array technology for the comprehensive molecular characterization of normal, precancerous, and malignant cells, which enable the analysis of expression patterns of thousands of genes simultaneously. The chapter describes the use of the LCM platform for the head and neck cancer genome anatomy project, whose primary goal is to systematically identify and catalogue known and novel genes expressed during HNSCC development, and subsequently has become the leading effort in gene discovery in squamous epithelium. It also describes the use of LCM for proteomics to identify those proteins that may characterize different stages of HNSCC development and could potentially predict patient outcomes. These revolutionary approaches are likely to have an unprecedented impact in cancer biology and provide exciting opportunities to unravel the mechanisms involved in squamous cell carcinogenesis.
iterClust: a statistical framework for iterative clustering analysis.

Motivation In a scenario where populations A, B1 and B2 (subpopulations of B) exist, pronounced differences between A and B may mask subtle differences between B1 and B2. Results Here we present iterClust, an iterative clustering framework, which can separate more pronounced differences (e.g. A and B) in starting iterations, followed by relatively subtle differences (e.g. B1 and B2), providing a comprehensive clustering trajectory. Availability and implementation iterClust is implemented as a Bioconductor R package. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Retinal Circadian Clock and Photoreceptor Viability.

Circadian rhythms are present in most living organisms, and these rhythms are not just a consequence of the day/night fluctuation, but rather they are generated by endogenous biological clocks with a periodicity of about 24 h. In mammals, the master pacemaker of circadian rhythms is localized in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus. The SCN controls circadian rhythms in peripheral organs. The retina also contains circadian clocks which regulate many aspects of retinal physiology, independently of the SCN. Emerging experimental evidence indicates that the retinal circadian clocks also affect ocular health, and a few studies have now demonstrated that disruption of retinal clocks may contribute to the development of retinal diseases. Our study indicates that in mice lacking the clock gene Bmal1, photoreceptor viability during aging is significantly reduced. Bmal1 knockout mice at 8–9 months of age have 20–30% less nuclei in the outer nuclear layer. No differences were observed in the other retinal layers. Our study suggests that the retinal circadian clock is an important modulator of photoreceptor health.
Intelligent Focusing in Knowledge Indexing and Retrieval: The Relatedness Tool

Abstract Most present day information retrieval systems use the presence or absence of certain words to decide which documents are appropriate for a user's query. This approach has had certain successes, but it fails to capture relationships between concepts represented by the words, and hence reduces the potential specificity of both indexing and searching of documents. A richer representation of the semantics of documents and queries, and methods for reasoning about these representations, have been provided by artificial intelligence. Navigational tools for browsing and authoring knowledge bases (KB's) add a convenient technique for focusing in the complex landscape of semantic representations. The center of such representations is usually a frame or a semantic network system. We are developing a prototype Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) taxonomy to represent objects and relationships in medicine. One focus of our research is improved methods for indexing and querying repositories of biomedical literature. The technique which we propose is based on the notion of relatedness of concepts. To this end we define heuristics which find related concepts and apply it to the UMLS taxonomy. Preliminary results from experiments with the implemented heuristics demonstrate its potential usefulness.
Enteric Nervous System: Physiology

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is an independent integrative nervous system with most of the neurophysiological complexities found in the central nervous system (CNS). It is the third division of the autonomic nervous system, which functions as a ‘minibrain’ in the gut and is located in close apposition to the effector systems that it controls. The ENS controls smooth muscle, secretory glands and the vasculature of the gastrointestinal tract, and organizes the moment-to-moment activity of each effector into coordinated behavior that is adapted to the digestive state at the level of the whole gut and adaptive for homeostasis at the level of the functioning individual.
La bibliothèque d’Hector Laferté

Avocat et homme politique, ministre dans le Cabinet Taschereau de 1929 a 1934, membre du Conseil legislatif, qu’il presida pendant plusieurs annees, Hector Laferte constitua une importante bibliotheque personnelle qu’il legua au seminaire de Nicolet. A partir d’un inventaire manuscrit, l’auteur presente ici cet ensemble patrimonial, constitue principalement d’ouvrages en histoire, en sciences sociales, en droit et en litterature, temoignage eloquent d’un eminent esprit de la bourgeoisie quebecoise liberale et catholique de la premiere moitie du XXe siecle.
Old World Monkeys

Living catarrhine primates are distinguished from platyrrhine by several anatomical features, including a reduced number of premolar teeth. There are two groups of catarrhines, cercopithecoid monkeys and hominoid apes (including humans). Old World monkeys, or cercopithecoids, are found in Africa and Asia, and contain two distinct radiations, cercopithecines and colobines. Cercopithecines are predominantly frugivorous and include two groups. Macaques, baboons, geladas, mangabeys, and mandrills are relatively large monkeys and all except macaques are restricted to Africa. Guenons and related taxa are smaller monkeys found only in Africa. The leaf-eating colobines are found in both Africa and Asia. As a group, Old World monkeys are all diurnal and predominately quadrupeds and leapers. They include arboreal and terrestrial species. Most live in single male groups, multi-male groups, or larger complex societies. Phylogenetic relations among cercopithecoids are generally well-resolved, but hybridization has been widespread in the evolution of the group.
Cancer Treatment-Related Cardiotoxicity: Role of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Cardiomyopathy is one of the most common cardiotoxic manifestations from cancer treatment. Clinically, identifying the presence or absence of cardiomyopathy has significant implications on the management of cancer patients. Decisions regarding the continuation, temporary stopping or permanent stopping of potentially life-saving cancer treatment are made based on the presence or absence of, the etiology of (i.e., whether it is a consequence of the cancer treatment or unrelated), and the severity of cardiomyopathy. Thus, it is critically important to use an imaging test that can reliably and accurately provide these data. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is ideally suited for this role—it provides the ability to assess ventricular function, morphology, valvular function, perfusion and tissue characterization all in one setting.
PROFILES OF FAMILY CAREGIVERS PRIOR TO THE DEATH OF A SPOUSE AND THE RISK FOR DEVELOPING PROLONGED GRIEF

The purpose of this study was to characterize distinct risk profiles of family caregivers prior to the death of a spouse/partner in hospice, and determine the extent to which these pre-bereavement profiles helped predict prolonged grief. Using latent class mixture modeling to examine distinct risk profiles among 195 family caregivers, two pre-loss profiles were identified, one of which was comprised of family caregivers (n= 60; 31%) exhibiting significantly higher anxiety and depressive symptoms, lower active coping scores, less preparedness for the caregiving role, less social support, greater impact on caregiver’s health, and more relationship strain between the caregiver and their spouse/partner. Family caregivers who were observed in this higher risk profile were significantly younger, reported lower annual incomes, and were significantly more likely to develop prolonged grief, according to adjusted multivariable models using subsequent bereavement data from 124 participants who remained in the study at 6 to18 months post-loss.
103 Terrestrial Ecosystems

The science of ecohydrology centers on understanding the linkages and feedbacks between terrestrial ecosystems and the hydrologic cycle. Within the disciplines of hydrology, ecosystem ecology, and community ecology, a wide range of conceptual, mathematical, and field-based approaches have evolved to address specific ecohydrologic research questions. In this article, we discuss key elements of these ecohydrologic approaches. We begin by focusing on conceptual frameworks that are organized at the patch level, which define spatially homogeneous units. We compare a set of models in terms of the specific hydrologic and ecologic processes considered and the degree of coupling between them. We then address issues of landscape heterogeneity and compare approaches to the resolution of spatial patterns of soil, topography, vegetation, and atmospheric conditions and the representation of the interactions and feedbacks between neighboring patches. The hierarchical structure and function of terrestrial ecohydrologic systems involve processes varying over very different time and space scales. Finally, we discuss challenges and next steps in developing an integrated framework that can address the range of spatial and temporal scales implied by hydrologic feedbacks on both shorter-term ecosystem material and energy cycling and longer-term ecosystem structure and evolution. Keywords: ecohydrology; patch dynamics; ecosystem cycling; community ecology; disturbance
Multiphysics simulation of moisture-graphite oxidation in MHTGR

Abstract A small amount of moisture on the ppm level could present in the primary helium coolant under normal operations of High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors (HTGRs). One potential safety issue related to HTGRs is the chronic moisture-graphite oxidation, which could affect the integrity of the fuel blocks and reflectors in the reactor core, and the support columns in the hot plenum. However, it is infeasible to perform chronic moisture-graphite oxidation tests under the prototypic high-pressure, high-temperature conditions over a long period of time that is comparable to the full service time, i.e., 36 months for Modular High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (MHTGR). As an alternate, accelerated moisture-graphite oxidation tests at the atmospheric pressure and high moisture concentrations have been performed in the literature. Through these accelerated tests, global reaction rate equations have been proposed, which makes it possible to study the moisture-graphite oxidation numerically. This paper is aimed to establish a multiphysics model that can evaluate the moisture-graphite oxidation under MHTGR normal operation condition. COMSOL Multiphysics was applied to couple the modeling of the fluid flow, heat and mass transfer, chemical reaction and material structural changes. To reduce the calculation time, the prototypic three-dimensional structures were simplified into a two-dimensional simulation domain. The performance of four nuclear grades of graphite (IG-110, 2114, PCEA, and NBG-17) over a 36-month service period was then investigated under the most likely prototypic condition of MHTGR. The simulation results indicate that most oxidation occurs in the three or four bottom fuel blocks due to their higher temperatures. In general, however, only a thin layer of about 1.5 mm into the graphite will be considerably oxidized even for those three or four bottom fuel blocks.
Monte Carlo Investigations of Asymptotic Scaling in QCD

We discuss a Monte Carlo study of the phase transition in pure gauge lattice QCD. The effects of the criterion for transition temperature on a finite lattice are discussed and an estimate for the latent heat of the transition is obtained.
Tenth Anniversary: The Art of Game Design : A Book of Lenses

The Art of Game Design guides you through the design process step-by-step, helping you to develop new and innovative games that will be played again and again. It explains the fundamental principles of game design and demonstrates how tactics used in classic board, card and athletic games also work in top-quality video games. Good game design happens when you view your game from as many perspectives as possible, and award-winning author Jesse Schell presents over 100 sets of questions to ask yourself as you build, play and change your game until you finalise your design. This latest third edition includes examples from new VR and AR platforms as well as from modern games such as Uncharted 4 and The Last of Us, Free to Play games, hybrid games, transformational games, and more. Whatever your role in video game development an understanding of the principles of game design will make you better at what you do. For over 10 years this book has provided inspiration and guidance to budding and experienced game designers - helping to make better games faster.
In vivo 5-HT6 and 5-HT2A receptor availability in antipsychotic treated schizophrenia patients vs. unmedicated healthy humans measured with [11C]GSK215083 PET.

Abstract While 5-HT6 receptor is a potential therapeutic target for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia (SCZ), in vivo 5-HT6 receptor availability following antipsychotic treatment has not been examined to-date. We examined the availability of 5-HT6 and 5-HT2A receptors following treatment with olanzapine, risperidone, aripiprazole and quetiapine in male patients with SCZ vs unmedicated age-matched healthy male controls (HC) using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with [11C]GSK215083. [11C]GSK215083 has been shown to have selectivity for 5-HT6 in the striatum and 5-HT2A in the cortex. Patients with SCZ (n = 9) were scanned with [11C]GSK215083 on HR+ PET scanner at presumed steady-state trough and peak serum levels following 7 days of confirmed inpatient antipsychotic treatment. Time-activity curves in regions-of-interest were fitted with multilinear analysis-1 (MA1). Regional nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) values were calculated using cerebellum as the reference region and corrected for partial volume effects. Compared to HCs (n = 9), olanzapine was associated with significantly lower BPND (range: 53%-95%) in ventral striatum, putamen, caudate and frontal cortex at both trough and peak scans. Risperidone was associated with significantly lower BPND in frontal cortex at both trough and peak scans. The study provides preliminary evidence that treatment with different second-generation antipsychotics results in differing profiles of 5-HT2A and 5-HT6 availability.
VCSEL Array-Based Gigabit Free-Space Optical Femtocell Communication

We present an indoor free-space optical communication system to augment traditional short-range radio frequency wireless links. In this system, we integrated a high-frequency, high-current laser driver with an 850 nm wavelength, 500 mW vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) array to transmit high speed optical signals with a large spatial coverage. The large current-bandwidth capability of the laser driver is enabled by a distributed current driver design utilizing three enhanced-mode pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors. At the optical receiver end, a high-sensitivity avalanche photodiode is used to achieve high speed optical signal detection without any light concentrating optical device and is tolerant to angular deviation up to 27°. The communication link described in this article forms an optical femtocell with an area of 100 cm2 at a distance of three meters from the transmitter. A bit error rate of less than 10−4 is achieved throughout the optical femtocell in a normal in-door environment. On-off-keying and four-level pulse amplitude modulation schemes are both implemented with 1.25 Gb/s and 2 Gb/s data rate respectively, using the hardware described in this article. Additionally, the overall performance of this free-space optical link is evaluated in terms of viewing angle, distance range, and bit error rate.
Macronutrient composition, true metabolizable energy and amino acid digestibility, and indispensable amino acid scoring of pulse ingredients for use in canine and feline diets

The rising consumer demand for alternative and sustainable protein sources drives the popularity of the use of plant-based proteins in the pet food industry. Pulse crops, which include beans, peas, lentils, and chickpeas, have become an important addition to both human and animal diets due to their protein content and functional properties. However, knowledge of their nutrient composition and protein quality is necessary for the proper formulation of these ingredients in pet foods. The objective of this study was to determine the macronutrient composition and standardized amino acid digestibility and to describe the protein quality through the use of digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS-like) of five pulse ingredients. Black bean (BB) grits, garbanzo beans (GB), green lentils (GL), navy bean (NB) powder, and yellow peas (YP) were analyzed for dry matter (DM), ash and organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), gross energy (GE), acid hydrolyzed fat (AHF), and total dietary fiber (TDF) to determine the macronutrient composition. Precision-fed rooster assays were conducted using cecectomized roosters to calculate standardized amino acid digestibility and true metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (TMEn). The essential amino acids, with the exception of methionine, were highly digestible with digestibility values of 80% to 90% (dry matter basis) for all selected pulse ingredients. BB grits had the lowest (P < 0.05) digestibility of arginine (86.5%) and histidine (80.6%) in contrast to GB (94.9% and 89.9%, respectively). The TMEn of GB was highest (P < 0.05) at 3.56 kcal/g compared with the other pulses. The DIAAS-like values for adult dogs were consistently the lowest for methionine for all pulses, making it the first-limiting amino acid in these ingredients. The DIAAS-like values for adult cats showed GL had lowest (P < 0.05) score in tryptophan compared with other pulses when using both AAFCO values and NRC recommended allowances as reference proteins. Methionine was the first-limiting amino acid for YP and tryptophan for GL. Based on macronutrient composition, protein quality, and amino acid digestibility, it can be concluded that pulse ingredients have the required nutritional characteristics to be viable protein sources in canine and feline foods. However, the use of complementary protein sources is recommended to counterbalance any potential limiting amino acids in pulse ingredients.
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging for chronic liver disease

Chronic liver disease (CLD) has rapidly increased in prevalence over the past two decades, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Historically, the clinical gold standard for diagnosis, assessment of severity, and longitudinal monitoring of CLD has been liver biopsy with histological analysis, but this approach has limitations that may make it suboptimal for clinical and research settings. Magnetic resonance (MR)-based biomarkers can overcome the limitations by allowing accurate, precise, and quantitative assessment of key components of CLD without the risk of invasive procedures. This review briefly describes the limitations associated with liver biopsy and the need for non-invasive biomarkers. It then discusses the current state-of-the-art for MRI-based biomarkers of liver iron, fat, and fibrosis, and inflammation.
Box-Object Redistribution Problem

Suppose that there are m objects distributed among n boxes such that each box contains at least one object. A new box is introduced and the objects are redistributed such that each box contains at ...
Genetic assessment of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer in the Harris Health System: A five-year, single-center experience.

10587Background: Identifying patients with hereditary breast cancer is critical since lifetime breast cancer risk is as high as 85% for those with germline BRCA1/2 mutations and preventive interven...
The Gatekeeper’s Dilemma: 'When Should I Transfer This Customer?'

In many service encounters, front-line workers (often referred to as gatekeepers) have the discretion to attempt to resolve a customer request or to transfer the customer to an expert service provider. Motivated by an incentive redesign at a call center of a mid-size US-based bank, we formulate and solve an analytical model of the gatekeeper's transfer response to different incentive schemes and to different congestion levels. We then test several model predictions experimentally. Our experiments show that human behavior matches the predictions qualitatively, but not always in magnitude. Specifically, transfer rates are disproportionately low in the presence of monetary penalties for transferring, even after controlling for the economic (dis)incentive to transfer, suggesting an overreaction to transfer cost. In contrast, the transfer response to congestion information shows no systematic bias. Taken together, these results advance our understanding of cognitive capabilities and rationality limits on human server behavior in queueing systems.
What is driving consumer food waste: Socio-material assemblages of household consumption practices

Abstract This paper challenges conventional understandings of how we think about consumer food waste by investigating the food purchasing/wasting views and practices of 102 Colorado (USA) residents (67 households). The methods used in this study included the triangulation of surveys, self-reported pictures of food waste and related daily reports over a two-week period, and focus groups. Understanding who is, and what are, driving food waste is important if the aim is to create policy interventions that meaningfully mitigate loss. This paper approaches concepts like consumer sovereignty and agency through a non-essentialist lens, which is to say it repositions food waste as a mode of ordering as opposed to an outcome of discrete, self-evident products—e.g., attitudes, autonomous consumers. Doing this opens the analysis up to connections that might otherwise go unrecognized when those categories are assumed to be absolute and obvious. After presenting numerical data gleaned from online surveys, findings are organized around the following themes: humans-as-assemblage; storage devices-as-assemblage; and mobility-as-assemblage. The paper concludes synthesizing these themes while suggesting interventions mindful of these fluid socio-material coming-togethers.
The evolution of OPTI513 Optical Testing course at the Wyant College of Optical Sciences

Professor James C. Wyant allowed an international visiting student to audit his OPTI513 Optical Testing class in 2005 at the College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona. The visiting student loved this class, left his graduate study in Astronomy, and joined the College of Optical Sciences in 2006. The student signed up for the optical testing class again, and eventually received his PhD degree in a graduation ceremony led by Dean Wyant in 2009. His name is Daewook Kim and he is now an associate professor in the Wyant College. In 2017, Prof. Wyant asked this graduate to teach OPTI513. He now teaches the course regularly to both on-campus and distance learning students. This is a story of Jim and one of his students who wants to thank him one more time.
The Structure of Phenomenal Justification

An increasing number of epistemologists defend the notion that some perceptual experiences can immediately justify some beliefs and do so in virtue of (some of) their phenomenal properties. But thi...
Functional Outcomes of Arthroscopic Acetabular Labral Repair with and without Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate.

BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip is a debilitating condition associated with inferior outcomes in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy. To provide symptom relief and improve outcomes in these patients, bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) has been applied as an adjuvant therapy with the hope of halting progression of cartilage damage. The current study examined the clinical efficacy of BMAC application in patients undergoing arthroscopic acetabular labral repair by comparing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) between groups with and without BMAC application. METHODS Patients who received BMAC during arthroscopic acetabular labral repair from December 2016 to June 2019 were compared with a control cohort that underwent the same procedure but did not receive BMAC from November 2013 to November 2016. Patients in both cohorts were asked to prospectively complete PROMs prior to surgery and at 3, 6, 12, and 24-month follow-up intervals; those who completed the PROMs at enrollment and the 12-month follow-up were included in the study. An a priori subgroup analysis was performed among patients with moderate cartilage damage (Outerbridge grade 2 or 3). The analyses were adjusted for any differences in baseline factors between groups. RESULTS Sixty-two patients with BMAC application were compared with 62 control patients without BMAC application. When compared with the no-BMAC cohort, the BMAC cohort did not report significantly different mean International Hip Outcome Tool-33 (iHOT-33) scores at any postoperative time point. However, when patients with moderate cartilage damage were compared across groups, the BMAC cohort reported significantly greater mean (95% confidence interval) scores than the no-BMAC cohort at the 12-month (78.6 [72.4 to 84.8] versus 69.2 [63.3 to 75.2]; p = 0.035) and 24-month (82.5 [73.4 to 91.6] versus 69.5 [62.1 to 76.8]; p = 0.030) follow-up. Similarly, these patients reported greater score improvements at 12 months (37.3 [30.3 to 44.3] versus 25.4 [18.7 to 32.0]; p = 0.017) and 24 months (39.6 [30.4 to 48.7] versus 26.4 [19.1 to 33.8]; p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Patients with moderate cartilage injury undergoing arthroscopic acetabular labral repair with BMAC application reported significantly greater functional improvements when compared with similar patients without BMAC application. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Neutralization of spike 69/70 deletion, E484K, and N501Y SARS-CoV-2 by BNT162b2 vaccine-elicited sera

We engineered three SARS-CoV-2 viruses containing key spike mutations from the newly emerged United Kingdom (UK) and South African (SA) variants: N501Y from UK and SA; 69/70-deletion+N501Y+D614G from UK; and E484K+N501Y+D614G from SA. Neutralization geometric mean titers (GMTs) of twenty BTN162b2 vaccine-elicited human sera against the three mutant viruses were 0.81- to 1.46-fold of the GMTs against parental virus, indicating small effects of these mutations on neutralization by sera elicited by two BNT162b2 doses.