cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Attenuation of scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice

Numerous studies suggest that age-related declines in memory storage are related to impairment of central cholinergic systems. Scopolamine, a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist, has been used with young humans and other animal species as a model of the cognitive impairment that often accompanies normal and pathological aging. The present study examined whether amnesia induced by scopolamine could be counteracted in mice by arecoline, a cholinergic agonist, or by other drugs, epinephrine or glucose, which have been found to enhance memory in aged rodents and humans. Young mice were administered scopolamine (3 mg/kg, IP) or saline prior to training on an inhibitory avoidance apparatus. Immediately after training, animals received injections of epinephrine (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg), glucose (10, 100, and 250 mg/kg), arecoline (0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg), or saline. The results indicate that pre-training scopolamine reliably impaired retention assessed in test trials 48 h after training. This impairment was not attenuated by any post-training dose of arecoline; however, immediate post-training injections of both epinephrine (at 0.05 mg/kg) and glucose (at 100 mg/kg) significantly reduced the amnesia. Neither of these drugs was effective if injections were delayed by 1 h after training. These results support the value of scopolamine as a model of age-related memory impairments, but suggest further that these memory deficits may be particularly susceptible to attenuation with non-cholinergic treatments.
1229 LONG TERM GASTROINTESTINAL AND NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT OF INFANTS WITH NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS (NEC)

1229 LONG TERM GASTROINTESTINAL AND NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT OF INFANTS WITH NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS (NEC)
Elastic properties of silver iodide at high pressure and temperatures: Thermally activated velocity anomaly in the B1 phase

Abstract Sound velocities have been measured in polycrystalline silver iodide at pressures !up to 1 GN m 2 and temperatures up to 425 K. The measurements covered the P - T ranges of three polymorphs of AgI but the main phase of interest was the B1 phase stable at high pressures. The B1 phase exhibits a large positive pressure derivative and a large negative temperature derivative of longitudinal velocity, both derivatives decreasing considerably at high pressures and low temperatures. The anomalous velocity behavior can be described by considering it due to a thermal activation process with Δ H ∗ ≈ 0.4 eV and Δ V ∗ ≈11 cm 3 mole . The known importance of Frenkel defects in B4 AgI, and cation disorder and anomalously low sound velocities in B23 AgI suggest that Frenkel defects may be important in producing the velocity anomaly. The elastic properties of the different phases of silver iodide show rather complex relationships between lattice defects, cation disorder and sound velocities.
Isolation of the transposable maize controlling elements Ac and Ds

Abstract Restriction endonuclease fragments containing part of the Waxy (Wx) locus have been cloned from strains with insertion mutations at the locus caused by the controlling elements Activator (Ac) and Dissociation (Ds) . Evidence is presented that the genetically defined Ac element corresponds to a 4.3 kb insertion, while the two Ds elements correspond to 4.1 kb and 2.0 kb insertions, all near the 3′ end of the Wx transcription unit. The 4.1 kb Ds is almost completely homologous to the Ac element, differing by a central deletion of less than 0.2 kb. The 2.0 kb Ds element is homologous to the ends of the Ac element. Sequences homologous to the ends of the Ac element are present in many copies in the genomes examined, while there are ten or fewer copies of a sequence with homology to the center of the cloned Ac element. The Ac element at the Wx locus can be distinguished structurally from the other Ac -like sequences in the genome.
Inmortalidad y resurrección: problemas filosóficos y respuestas actuales

En este articulo se sostiene que debemos distinguir claramente entre inmortalidad del alma y resurreccion de la persona entera. La primera es una nocion que proviene del pensamiento griego y que tanto en su version platonica como cartesiana requiere de un dualismo metafisico: hay inmortalidad del alma solo si estamos compuestos por dos cosas distintas, un cuerpo y una mente, que pueden existir la una independientemente de la otra. La tradicion aristotelica rechaza el dualismo substancial, pero al sostener que la facultad racional del alma humana no reside en ningun organo concluye tambien que esta puede sobrevivir despues de la muerte del cuerpo. El autor rechaza la tesis de que el alma racional sea independiente del cuerpo y muestra que incluso aunque hubiese inmortalidad del alma esta no seria inmortalidad de la persona. La nocion cristiana de resurreccion no es objeto de inferencia metafisica o empirica, es objeto de pura fe, pero no presenta las incoherencias conceptuales que implica la inmortalidad del alma separada del cuerpo.
Semantic driven hashing (SDH): an ontology-based search scheme for the semantic aware network (SA Net)

The success of personalized resource discovery depends on its ability to allow users to discover, extract and integrate information of interest from heterogeneous sources, and its ability to provide these users with efficient tools to manipulate and convert the discovered information into knowledge. We propose semantic aware network (SA Net), a structured peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay architecture to support the basic functionalities of a personalized resource discovery. The SA Net uses an ontology-based representation of the resources to enable a semantic resource discovery and access that reflects the interest of the user. We describe the SA Net search scheme "semantic-driven hashing " (SDH), which uses lexical-based ontology to provide a foundation for indexing and search in structured P2P overlay infrastructure.
Intraluminal air within an obstructed appendix: a CT sign of perforated or necrotic appendicitis.

Rationale and Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of intraluminal air for appendiceal necrosis and/or perforation when not apparent on imaging. Additional factors of intraluminal appendicoliths, age, and gender were also assessed. Materials and Methods Patients with pathologically proven appendicitis who underwent multidetector computed tomographic imaging over a 3-year period ( n = 487) were retrospectively reviewed. Those with imaging evidence for perforation were excluded to create a study population of apparent uncomplicated acute appendicitis ( n = 374). Each scan was assessed for intraluminal appendiceal air and appendicoliths on multidetector computed tomography and compared against surgical and pathologic results for appendiceal necrosis and/or perforation. Results Image-occult necrosis or perforation was present in 17.4% (65 or 374) of the study cohort. Intraluminal air and appendicoliths were predictive variables by univariate logistic regression ( P = .001 and P ≤ .001, respectively), with odds ratios of 2.64 (95% confidence interval, 1.48–4.73) for intraluminal air and 2.67 (95% confidence interval, 1.55–4.61) for appendicoliths. Both remained independent variables on multivariate modeling despite multicollinearity. Increasing age was also predictive (odds ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.44; P = .002), whereas gender was not ( P = .472). Conclusions Intraluminal appendiceal air in the setting of acute appendicitis is a marker of perforated or necrotic appendicitis. Recognition of this finding in otherwise uncomplicated appendicitis at imaging should raise suspicion for image-occult perforation or necrosis.
Anatomical and neurochemical consequences of deafferentation in the development of the visual system of the moth manduca sexta

The primordium of the compound eye of the moth Manduca sexta was removed by surgery within 12 hours after the molt to the pupa. When the operated animals were examined as pharate adults just prior to emergence from the pupal cuticle, no eye tissue was present on the operated side. Histological examination of the brain at successive developmental stages showed that the volume of laminar neuropil on the operated side increased very little after deafferentation while the volume of the control-side laminar neuropil increased more than 20-fold. The impairment of development of the lamina was accompanied by a reduction in the synthesis and storage by the optic lobe of two neurotransmitter candidates, acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine. The endogenous content of 5-hydroxytryptamine was also reduced in these preparations. Excision of a section of the stemmatal nerve, which connects the primordium of the compound eye to the brain, also arrested the development of the lamina, but in this case the compound eye itself developed apparently normally without making contact with the brain. This finding supports the hypothesis that the centripetal growth of photoreceptor-cell axons normally is contact-guided. Results of neurochemical experiments on retinal tissue argue against the idea that acetylcholine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, or gamma-aminobutyric acid is a likely photoreceptor-cell neurotransmitter. From these and our previous studies of the metamorphosing brain in Manduca we conclude that different classes of neurons in the same central nervous system can exhibit widely different degrees of dependency on their normal innervation for their survival and differentiation.
Patterns of pneumoconiosis mortality in Kentucky: Analysis of death certificate data.

Background Mortality rates associated with total pneumoconiosis, including coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP), have remained elevated. Methods 2003–2013 pneumoconiosis mortality data obtained from National Center for Health Statistics and 2011–2013 Kentucky death certificates were analyzed. Results Total pneumoconiosis mortality rates showed significant linear decreases in West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, and the U.S. from 2003 to 2013; Pennsylvania and Kentucky had comparable rates in 2003 but while Pennsylvania rates significantly decreased ∼3.0 deaths/million annually, Kentucky rates decreased only 0.5/million annually. Kentucky and Pennsylvania CWP fatality rates were also comparable in 2003 but while Pennsylvania rates decreased 82% over the study period, Kentucky rates decreased only 26%. Kentucky pneumoconiosis deaths primarily occurred in white Appalachian males in-hospital. Diseases leading to pneumoconiosis death were largely respiratory and cardiovascular, with autopsies rarely performed. Conclusions Coal worker environmental exposure protection should be enhanced and pneumoconiosis surveillance improvements, including enhanced management of comorbid conditions like COPD, should be considered. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:1075–1082, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Private gain, social strain: do relationship factors shape responses to outperformance?

Outperforming others can be satisfying, in part because it allows us to make self-enhancing social comparisons against those we have surpassed. However, competitive success can clash with relational goals, leading outperformers to experience discomfort when they believe that their superior status poses a threat to the outperformed person (Exline & Lobel, 1999). Two studies revealed that relationship factors play a critical role in responses to superior status. Relationship rifts and avoidance were common in conflictual or hostile relationships, whereas empathic concerns and appeasement predominated in closer, more satisfying relationships. Negative responses to superior status were largely independent of private feelings of pride and happiness. These data complement existing social comparison research by suggesting that outperformance, while privately satisfying, can cause problems when it poses an interpersonal threat. Furthermore, relationship factors appear to be important determinants of the specific emotional and behavioral responses of outperformers. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microbial Contamination of Enteral Feeding Products in Thermoneutral and Hyperthermal ICU Environments

Background: Temperature is known to affect bacterial growth, but current safety recommendations for enteral formula are based on studies conducted in thermoneutral environments, which are not representative of select burn intensive care units (ICUs) that are kept therapeutically hyperthermal. This project evaluated microbial growth in 3 enteral feeding systems: closed, open, and open with modular additives (modular tube feeding [MTF]) exposed to 2 different environments. Procedures: Product for each of the 3 systems was prepared and hung in both a thermoneutral (23.3°C) and a hyperthermal (32.5°C) ICU room. At baseline, 4 hours, and 8 hours, samples were plated and incubated overnight and the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) counted. Findings: In the thermoneutral and hyperthermal environments, there was no evidence of microbial growth in the open or closed feeding systems at any time point. The MTF exhibited baseline contamination with a median of 10 CFUs (95% CI, 8–16) and significant growth over t...
DYNAMICS OF THE ROCKY INTERTIDAL ZONE WITH REMARKS ON GENERALIZATION IN ECOLOGY

Ecological systems at both population and community scales are recognized increasingly as being more open than previously thought. In coastal marine systems, physical oceanographic processes affecting larval stages are as, or more important than, biological interactions affecting adults. In terrestrial systems, the membership in ecological communities is controlled by geologic transport processes as much as by species interactions. Hence ecological science has become increasingly an earth science, and less a biological science. The differences between marine and terrestrial ecosystems imply that terrestrial systems are more localized functionally than marine systems; more likely to suffer extinction from habitat loss; and less likely to recover upon removal of stress. In addition, damage to a marine system is more likely to be felt further from the source of stress than it would in a terrestrial system. Finally, harvesting strategies at sea should react to continuous environmental monitoring whereas on land, demographically based strategies of harvest can suffice.
The Challenge of Religious Life in the United States Today

Religious life in the United States is at a point of crisis. A combination of vastly reduced numbers of religious, continuing problems to attract new vocations, and widely varied understandings of the basic concept of religious life, including ideas with respect to the evangelical counsels, have created a challenging situation in the American church. While the former vocation situation is beginning to rebound somewhat, opposed ecclesiologies have created deep divisions among religious in general and within individual communities and congregations. This essay proposes one view on the renewal of religious life in the United States. There is a need for religious to reconnect themselves to the institutional church and to see in Vatican II's Perfectae Caritatis renewal, not, as Avery Dulles describes, a false reform, as envisioned by many progressive theologians. The hermeneutic of rupture, which has characterized the progressive view of Vatican II must be replaced by a hermeneutic of continuity with reform. There is a need to relearn and recapture the tradition of religious life for the future prosperity of the American church.
Prenatal sensitization of a postnatal trigger for metabolic disease

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), marked by elevated maternal serum bile acid levels, occurs in late pregnancy and is often associated with poor perinatal outcomes. In this issue of the JCI, Papacleovoulou et al. analyze the long-term consequences of ICP and find that teens born to mothers with ICP exhibit enhanced characteristics of metabolic syndrome relative to controls. The authors also used a new ICP mouse model to support and extend these findings, demonstrating that in utero exposure to bile acids induces persistent epigenetic alterations and abnormal placental lipogenesis,setting the stage for later metabolic dysfunction.
THE SPATIOTEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF U.S. CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS: STYLIZED FACTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CLIMATE POLICY

We characterize the evolution of U.S. carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions using an index number decomposition technique which partitions the 1963-2008 growth of states’ energy-related CO2 into changes in five driving factors: the emission intensity of energy use, the energy intensity of economic activity, the composition of states’ output, per capita income and population. Compositional change and declining energy intensity attenuate emissions growth, but their impacts are offset by increasing population and income. Despite absolute interstate divergence in both emissions and their precursors, states’ emission- and energy intensities—and, ultimately, CO2—appear to be stochastically converging. We assess the implications of these trends using a novel vector autoregression (VAR) emission forecasting technique based on our index numbers. The resulting emission projections are comparable to, but generally exceed, those forecast by the 2010 EIA Annual Energy Outlook.
A national, cross-sectional survey of children's hospital-based safety resource centres.

Objective To describe the location, staffing, clientele, safety product disbursement patterns, education provided and sustainability of safety resource centres (SRCs) in US children9s hospitals. Methods A cross-sectional survey was distributed to children9s hospital-based SRC directors. Survey categories included: funding sources, customer base, items sold, items given free of charge, education provided and directors’ needs. Results 32/38 (84.2%) SRC sites (affiliated with 30 hospitals) completed the survey. SRCs were in many hospital locations including lobby (28.1%), family resource centres (12.5%), gift shop/retail space (18.8%), mobile units (18.8%) and patient clinics (12.5%). 19% of respondents reported that their SRC was financially self-sustainable. Sales to patients predominated (mean of 44%); however, hospital employees made up a mean of 20% (range 0–60%) of sales. 78.1% of SRCs had products for children with special healthcare needs. Documentation kept at SRC sites included items purchased (96.9%), items given free of charge (65.6%) and customer demographics (50%). 56.3% of SRCs provided formal injury prevention education classes. The SRCs’ directors’ most important needs were finances (46.9%), staffing (50%) and space (46.9%). All of the directors were ‘somewhat interested’ or ‘very interested’ in each of the following: creation of a common SRC listserv, national SRC data bank and multisite SRC research platform. Conclusions SRCs are located in many US children9s hospitals, and can be characterised as heterogeneous in location, products sold, data kept and ability to be financially sustained. Further research is needed to determine best practices for SRCs to maximise their impact on injury prevention.
College teaching for student affairs professionals

This chapter describes a new perspective on student learning and its impact on the act and art of college teaching. It also addresses the teaching role of student affairs professionals.
APRIL polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility

Objective. Two novel non-synonymous polymorphisms of the APRIL gene, codon 67 (rs11552708) and 96 (rs3803800), were recently identified and tested for disease association. The 67G allele was reported to be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a Japanese population. The aim of the study is to investigate whether the APRIL polymorphism associated with susceptibility to SLE in a Japanese population is associated with the susceptibility to SLE in other ethnic groups. Methods. Three hundred and forty-eight SLE patients (204 European-American, 103 African-American and 41 Hispanic) and 345 ethnicitymatched controls (201 European-American, 104 African-American and 40 Hispanic) were included from the Lupus Multiplex Registry and Repository (LMRR) and evaluated for genetic association. The APRIL codon 67 and codon 96 were genotyped by a 3-base extension method. Statistical evaluations were performed using both chi-square and logistic regression analysis. Results. Both the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in cases and controls within each ethnic group. The APRIL codon 67 was significantly associated with SLE risk under the dominant model adjusted by ethnicity (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval and P-values were 1.45 and 1.02–2.06 and 0.036, respectively). Race-specific analysis also showed a trend for association in African-American and Hispanic SLE subjects. Conclusion. The APRIL codon G67R polymorphism associated with SLE in a Japanese population may also be associated with SLE in other populations.
The Origin, Diffusion, and Globalization of Riesling

The Riesling grape variety first appeared in the Rhine Valley about 1350 AD. It is the only noble grape variety not native to France. Beginning in 1386, Riesling was repeatedly selected over other varieties, first by Cistercians, then by nobles, and finally by commoners after 1750. The variety spread to Alsace before 1477 and to Austria before 1700. European emigrants brought Riesling with them to the Eastern United States before 1650 where the vines failed. During the mid 1800s, Riesling was successfully planted in three far-flung regions: Chile, Australia, and California. Since 1955, Riesling further diffused to New York, New Zealand, Oregon, Washington, and Canada. Riesling is the only variety to have its own international association of advocates and promoters. Today, Riesling grows on over 90,000 acres across six continents.
Oil Recovery From Bentheim Sandstone by Sequential Waterflooding and Spontaneous Imbibition

Sequential waterflooding refers to cycles of flooding for which initial water saturation is re-established after a waterflood by flow of crude oil followed by further waterflooding (Loahardjo et al. 2012). Numerous tests have shown that sequential waterfloods can result in significant reduction in residual oil from one flood to the next. As part of an investigation of the mechanism of sequential flooding, an extensive study of sequential waterflooding and spontaneous imbibition has been performed on Bentheim Sandstone, an outcrop sandstone which has, typically, high permeability and low clay content. The waterfloods showed systematic decrease in residual oil saturation from one flood to the next. After firing and acidizing, reduction in residual oil was no longer observed. Extended aging of cores at residual oil saturation during the course of sequential waterflooding usually resulted in increased recovery for the next waterflood whereas aging at initial water saturation resulted in decreased recovery. The inference that variation in recovery by sequential flooding is related to wetting phenomena was tested through imbibition tests on companion Bentheim core samples with and without a previous history of waterflooding. No additional oil recovery was obtained by forced displacement after spontaneous imbibition. The Amott index to water of unity indicated that, for the tested crude oil, all of the cores were very strongly water wet. However, the rate of imbibition, a more direct test of wettability because it is closely related to the capillary driving force, increased for cores that had been previously waterflooded. These observations imply that the strong response in recovery behavior observed for sequential flooding of Bentheim sandstone is linked to transition in wetting behavior between conditions that would, traditionally, all be classed as very strongly water wet. INTRODUCTION Previous studies indicated that Sequential WaterFlooding, SWF, can significantly reduce residual oil saturation from one waterflood to the next (Loahardjo et al. 2010a; 2010b; 2012). There was no cleaning or re-aging between floods. In initial studies, each SWF was completed within 24 hours. It was later shown if, during the course of sequential flooding, the core was allowed to age at the residual oil saturation, there could be further significant benefit to recovery. Conversely, if the core were allowed to age at high initial
Vascular Access for ECLS

Cannulation is one of the more critical aspects of extracorporeal support. It entails the most risk, both at cannulation as well as for the duration of support. It is the most flow-limiting segment of the extracorporeal circuit, and requires careful planning and adequate sized cannulae for success. Nonetheless, considerable experience and newer cannula designs have helped to reduce this risk.
Serial interferon-gamma release assay in children younger than 5 years with latent tuberculosis infection

Background: Interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) play an important role in diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), but there is paucity of data about IGRA dynamic values, especially in children younger than 5 years. Aim: To evaluate the performance of serial IGRA and tuberculin skin testing (TST) in children younger than 5 years with LTBI. Methods: We included 11 BCG vaccinated children younger than 5 years with LTBI. The commercial IGRA (QuantiFERON TB Gold In-Tube®, QFT-GIT), Cellestis Ltd, Carnegie, Australia) was performed two times, before and at the end of 6-month chemoprophylaxis. The cut-off value for positive findings of IGRA was ≥ 0.35 kIU/L. The TST was performed using 2 IU (0.1 mL) of purified protein derivative Tuberkulin PPD RT 23 SSI (Statens Serum Institut, Denmark) according to the Mantoux method and transverse diameter of the induration was measured after 72 hours. Results: IGRA values were 8.87±2.01 kIU/L and 8.02±1.99 kIU/L, before and after chemoprophylaxis, respectively, which suggests a slight, insignificant decrease (p=0.89). There was no significant difference in PPD values before (12±2 mm) and after (14±2 mm) the treatment, p=0.50. Conclusions: Although the prophylaxis was used, both IGRA and PPD values, remained elevated during the period of 6 months in children with LTBI. Further research is needed to clarify the role of serial IGRA in children up to 5 years.
Connective tissue. VI. Dermal lipid response to diphenylhydantoin.

Summary and conclusionsDilantin decreased significantly the dermal concentration of neutral glycerides, total lipids and phospholipids in rats. This loss of neutral glycerides from dermal tissue was associated with a decrease in the percentage of di-glycerides found in the neutral glyceride fraction of the skin.
Programming, Problem Solving, and Self-Awareness: Effects of Explicit Guidance

More people are learning to code than ever, but most learning opportunities do not explicitly teach the problem solving skills necessary to succeed at open-ended programming problems. In this paper, we present a new approach to impart these skills, consisting of: 1) explicit instruction on programming problem solving, which frames coding as a process of translating mental representations of problems and solutions into source code, 2) a method of visualizing and monitoring progression through six problem solving stages, 3) explicit, on-demand prompts for learners to reflect on their strategies when seeking help from instructors, and 4) context-sensitive help embedded in a code editor that reinforces the problem solving instruction. We experimentally evaluated the effects of our intervention across two 2-week web development summer camps with 48 high school students, finding that the intervention increased productivity, independence, programming self-efficacy, metacognitive awareness, and growth mindset. We discuss the implications of these results on learning technologies and classroom instruction.
The Future Growls: Voices and Machines in Eudora Welty's One Writer's Beginnings

Abstract: Eudora Welty begins her memoir, One Writer's Beginnings, with a short italicized introit, a brief scene in which the very young Eudora pauses on the stairs lacing her shoes while her father shaves in the upstairs bathroom and her mother prepares breakfast downstairs. She listens to her father whistle "The Merry Widow Waltz" while her mother tries to whistle and then hums the same song in return. Eudora finds their song full of joy, unlike the "growling" she hears when they play the new Victrola. This paper explores the ironies introduced in that scene, among them the fact that her father died at a very young age and her mother was anything but a "merry widow" for the rest of her life. The mechanical "growling" of the Victrola becomes, as this paper sees it, a kind of metaphor for their lives as a family.
12 – THE IDEAL GAS

This chapter focuses particularly on the single-component ideal gas. The thermodynamic properties of an ideal gas are particularly instructive because of their relative simplicity. The ideal gas presents the opportunity of studying the properties of a rather simple fundamental equation. The fundamental equation of an ideal gas cannot be derived within phenomenological thermodynamic theory. It can be obtained in the entropy representation from a complete set of the equations of state and can also be derived with the help of classical statistical mechanics and quantum mechanics. Because there is no explicit fundamental equation of the idea gas in the energy representation, the three equations of state of the ideal gas in the entropy representation has been derived.
Long-Term Surgical Outcomes of Retinal Detachment Associated With Acute Retinal Necrosis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To determine the long-term visual and surgical outcomes of patients with acute retinal necrosis (ARN) associated retinal detachment (RD). PATIENTS AND METHODS The authors conducted a single-center, retrospective chart review from 2001 to 2012 of 32 eyes from 27 patients diagnosed with ARN. The authors assessed the rates and risk factors for recurrent RD in eyes having undergone primary RD repair for ARN-related RD. RESULTS Fifteen eyes (46.9%) developed RD and 13 underwent surgical repair. Recurrent RD developed in six eyes (46.2%), occurring 35 days to 10 months after primary retinal surgery. There was no difference in the rate of recurrent RD between eyes treated with or without intravitreal foscarnet (P = .48) or initial scleral buckle (P = .31). Six eyes (46.2%) developed severe vision loss, with a final Snellen visual acuity of less than 20/200. CONCLUSION Recurrent RD after primary repair is a frequent complication of ARN. Overall, visual prognosis is guarded despite surgical intervention. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2016;47:660-664.].
Clusters challenge common sense

Heat something and it gets hotter, right? It isn't always true. In some cases, it is possible for an object to get colder when it is heated. But there is no need to worry: the circumstances surrounding this unusual behaviour are quite special. Ice cubes are not going to start forming when you heat water on a stove!
Mitotic Phosphorylation of TREX1 C Terminus Disrupts TREX1 Regulation of the Oligosaccharyltransferase Complex.

Summary TREX1 mutations are associated with several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The N-terminal DNase domain of TREX1 is important for preventing self-DNA from activating the interferon response. The C terminus of TREX1 is required for ER localization and regulation of oligosacchariyltransferase (OST) activity. Here, we show that during mitosis TREX1 is predominately phosphorylated at the C-terminal Serine-261 by Cyclin B/CDK1. TREX1 is dephosphorylated quickly at mitotic exit, likely by PP1/PP2-type serine/threonine phosphatase. Mitotic phosphorylation does not affect TREX1 DNase activity. Phosphomimetic mutations of mitotic phosphorylation sites in TREX1 disrupted the interaction with the OST subunit RPN1. RNA-seq analysis of Trex1 −/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts expressing TREX1 wild-type or phosphor-mutants revealed a glycol-gene signature that is elevated when TREX1 mitotic phosphorylation sites are disrupted. Thus, the cell-cycle-dependent post-translation modification of TREX1 regulates its interaction with OST, which may have important implications for immune disease associated with the DNase-independent function of TREX1.
The lipoproteins of serum in infancy and childhood. II. Lipoprotein levels in juvenile diabetes mellitus.

Summary Determinations of the concentration of certain lipoprotein molecules (S f 10–20 class) are reported for forty-six juveniles with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic girls and diabetic boys have higher levels than their normal counterparts. The values for the girls were higher than those for boys. No close correlation was found in this age group between the level of S f 10–20 lipoprotein molecules in the sera and (1) the duration of the diabetic state, (2) the degree of control, (3) the severity of the disease, (4) the analytic serum cholesterol levels, or (5) the dietary intake of fat per unit of body weight.
Money for Votes: The Causes and Consequences of Electoral Clientelism in Africa

Politicians distribute money to voters during campaigns in many low-income democracies. Many observers call this practice 'vote buying'. Money for Votes develops an alternative theory of electoral clientelism that emphasizes the role of monetary handouts in conveying information to voters, helping politicians enhance the credibility of their promises to deliver development resources and particularistic benefits to their constituents. Supported by interviews, experiments, and surveys in Kenya, and additional evidence from qualitative and survey data from elsewhere in Africa, the study tests the implications of this argument, and traces the consequences of electoral clientelism for voter behaviour, ethnic politics, public goods provision, and democratic accountability. Ultimately, the book suggests that the relationship of electoral clientelism to the quality of democracy is far more nuanced than our instincts might suggest.
Sanitary Sewer Overflows and Emergency Room Visits for Gastrointestinal Illness: Analysis of Massachusetts Data, 2006-2007.

Background: Sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs) occur when untreated sewage is discharged into water sources before reaching the treatment facility, potentially contaminating the water source with gast...
Determining Total Radiative Intensity in Combustion Gases Using an Optical Measurement

A method is presented whereby spectral radiation measurements made in a combustion flue gas can be used with a spectral gas absorption model to calculate gas temperature, H2O concentration, CO2 concentration, and total radiation intensity for the gas. Measured spectral intensities from a natural gas-air flame in a 150 kWth furnace were used in conjunction with a spectral gas absorption model to calculate gas temperature and H2O concentration. The measured spectral intensities matched spectral intensities predicted by a one-dimensional intensity model when peaks were shifted and convolved to account for FTIR biases. On the basis of a successful prediction of intensities in the measured range of 1.709–2.128 μm, the calibrated intensity model was used to predict intensities for various wavelength bands including H2O and CO2 relative contributions. The total intensity for a wavelength range of 1–50 μm for the conditions studied was 10 659 W/m2/sr, with an equivalent total gas emissivity of 0.163.
Adenosine receptors, cystic fibrosis, and airway hydration.

Adenosine (Ado) regulates diverse cellular functions in the lung through its local production, release, metabolism, and subsequent stimulation of G-protein-coupled P1 purinergic receptors. The A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) is the predominant P1 purinergic receptor isoform expressed in surface airway epithelia, and Ado is an important regulator of airway surface liquid (ASL) volume through its activation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Through a delicate balance between sodium (Na + ) absorption and chloride (Cl − ) secretion, the ASL volume is optimized to promote ciliary activity and mucociliary clearance, effectively removing inhaled particulates. When CFTR is dysfunctional, the Ado/A2BAR regulatory system fails to optimize the ASL volume, leading to its depletion and interruption of mucociliary clearance. In cystic fibrosis (CF), loss of CFTR function and resultant mucus stasis leaves the lower airways susceptible to mucus obstruction, chronic bacterial infection, relentless inflammation, and eventually panbronchiectasis. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) also regulates transepithelial Cl − conductance, but through a separate system that relies on stimulation of P2Y2 purinergic receptors, mobilization of intracellular calcium, and activation of calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs). These pathways remain functional in CF, and may serve a protective role in the disease. In this chapter, we will review our current understanding of how Ado and related nucleotides regulate CFTR and Cl − conductance in the human airway, including the regulation of additional intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways that provide important links between ion transport and inflammation relevant to the disease.
In situ synthesis and in operando NMR studies of a high-performance Ni5P4-nanosheet anode

Nickel phosphide (Ni5P4) nanosheets are synthesized using in situ chemical vapor deposition of P on Ni foam. The thickness of the as-synthesized Ni5P4 film is determined to be ∼5 nm, using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The small thickness shortens the diffusion path of Li ions and results in fast ion transport. In addition, the 2D Ni5P4 nanosheets seamlessly connect to the Ni foam, which facilitates electron transfer between Ni5P4 and the Ni current collector. Therefore, the binder/carbon free-nickel supported Ni5P4 shows fast rate performance as an anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The specific capacity of 2D Ni5P4 is obtained as 600 mA h g−1 at a cycling rate of 0.1C, approaching the theoretical capacity of 768 mA h g−1. Even at a rate of 0.5C, the capacity remains as 450 mA h g−1 over 100 cycles. A capacity >100 mA h g−1 is retained at a very high rate of 20C. Ni5P4 also exhibits a low voltage of ∼0.5 V with respect to Li metal, which makes it a suitable negative electrode for LIBs. In operando31P NMR and 7Li NMR are employed to probe the lithiation and de-lithiation mechanisms upon electrochemical cycling.
Apples and Oranges: Matrix Representations

I discuss and elaborate on the isomorphism between kets that span the Hilbert space of n-qubits with column matrices of dimension 2n. The collection of all row matrices is shown to constitute the corresponding dual space. We illustrate how outer products, or operators, are represented by n × n square matrices. The various matrix operations that provide the inner, outer, direct or Kronecker, products for the corresponding Hilbert space are introduced and discussed. The concepts of spin and the Bloch sphere are introduced. A qubit interpretation of spin, and the polarization properties of light is discussed.
The Effects of Whey vs. Pea Protein on Physical Adaptations Following 8-Weeks of High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT): A Pilot Study

This study examined the effects of whey and pea protein supplementation on physiological adaptations following 8-weeks of high-intensity functional training (HIFT). Fifteen HIFT men (n = 8; 38.6 ± 12.7 y, 1.8 ± 0.1 m, 87.7 ± 15.8 kg) and women (n = 7; 38.9 ± 10.9 y, 1.7 ± 0.10 m, 73.3 ± 10.5 kg) participated in this study. Participants completed an 8-week HIFT program consisting of 4 training sessions per week. Participants consumed 24 g of either whey (n = 8) or pea (n = 7) protein before and after exercise on training days, and in-between meals on non-training days. Before and after training, participants underwent ultrasonography muscle thickness measurement, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), two benchmark WODs (workout of the day), 1-Repetition Maximum (1RM) squat and deadlift testing, and Isometric Mid-thigh Pull (IMTP) performance. Separate analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed on all measures collected at POST. Both groups experienced increased strength for 1RM back squat (p = 0.006) and deadlift (p = 0.008). No training effect (p > 0.05) was found for body composition, muscle thickness, IMTP peak force, IMTP rate of force development, or performance in either WOD. Using PRE values as the covariate, there were no group differences for any measured variable. We conclude that ingestion of whey and pea protein produce similar outcomes in measurements of body composition, muscle thickness, force production, WOD performance and strength following 8-weeks of HIFT.
Genome Engineering for Therapeutic Applications

Modern genome engineering technologies have made the targeted modification of human genes possible for a multitude of therapeutic applications. This chapter discusses the three main platforms that have been developed for targeting specific DNA sequences: zinc finger proteins, transcription activator-like effectors and, most recently, the CRISPR/Cas system. These technologies allow the rapid generation of custom genome engineering strategies aimed at treating a wide range of diseases from Duchenne muscular dystrophy to HIV infection to cancer. Synthetic nucleases based on these platforms have been used to facilitate targeted gene addition, correct disease-causing mutations, and create therapeutic gene knockouts. DNA-binding domains can also be linked to regulators of gene expression to create synthetic transcription factors. Targeted transcriptional activators have been employed to treat disease by upregulating compensatory genes or activating therapeutic targets, such as tumor suppressors. Synthetic repressors have been developed to treat dominant negative diseases and to silence oncogenes. With the potential to control the expression of any gene or modify any DNA sequence in the human genome, these technologies have immense potential to advance gene therapy and regenerative medicine.
Dissecting the Mechanisms of Cell Division

Cell division is a highly regulated and carefully orchestrated process. Understanding the mechanisms that promote proper cell division is an important step toward unraveling important questions in cell biology and human health. Early studies seeking to dissect the mechanisms of cell division used classical genetics approaches to identify genes involved in mitosis and deployed biochemical approaches to isolate and identify proteins critical for cell division. These studies underscored that post-translational modifications and cyclin–kinase complexes play roles at the heart of the cell division program. Modern approaches for examining the mechanisms of cell division, including the use of high-throughput methods to study the effects of RNAi, cDNA, and chemical libraries, have evolved to encompass a larger biological and chemical space. Here, we outline some of the classical studies that established a foundation for the field and provide an overview of recent approaches that have advanced the study of cell division.
The Weekend Effect in Older Adult Urosepsis Admissions.

Background Urosepsis is common in older adults with more infections identified as community-acquired as opposed to hospital-acquired. Despite the prevalence of urosepsis and its high mortality rates, very little is known about the care outcomes of older adult patients with community-acquired urosepsis who are admitted to the hospital on a weekend. Objectives To determine if a weekend admission was associated with inpatient mortality in older adults admitted to an acute care hospital with a diagnosis of community-acquired urosepsis. Methods Data from the State Inpatient Datasets for Florida were merged with data from the American Hospital Association Annual Survey on hospital characteristics for the year 2014. Logistic regression models with a sizable number of patient and hospital controls were used to identify factors associated with inpatient mortality in patients 65 years of age and older with a primary or secondary diagnosis of community-acquired urosepsis. Results In total 21,904 older adults were admitted to a Florida hospital with a diagnosis of community-acquired urosepsis; 5736 of these patients were admitted on a weekend. In a fully adjusted logistic regression model, weekend admission was associated with a 12% increase in the odds of mortality, and each additional hour of nursing care per patient day was associated with a 2% decrease in the odds of mortality. Conclusions Our findings suggest that weekend admission was associated with an increase in the odds of mortality in older adults with community-acquired urosepsis. Small increases in nurse staffing seem to reduce the odds of mortality.
On The Stability Region of the Layered Packet Erasure Broadcast Channel with Output Feedback

This paper studies the Layered Packet Erasure Broadcast Channel (LPE-BC) with Channel Output Feedback (COF), which is a high-SNR approximation of the fading Gaussian BC, proposed by Tse and Yates in 2012 for the case without COF. This model is also a multi-layer generalization of the Binary Erasure Channel (BEC). In a past work, the Authors derived inner and outer bounds to the rate region (set of achievable rates with backlogged arrivals) of the LPE-BC with COF; here, the arrival region (set of exogenous arrival rates for which packet arrival queues are stable) for the same model is analyzed. For the case of K=2 users and Q$\geq 1$ layers, the known achievable rate region and the derived arrival region coincide; both strategically employ a network-coding based retransmission protocol. For the case of Q = 2 layers, sufficient conditions are given for the achievable arrival region to coincide with the known converse rate region, thus showing that in those cases the optimal rate and arrival regions coincide.
Predictive modeling of wavefront error using dynamic mode decomposition

In an airborne directed energy system, air density variations around an aircraft distort a beam’s wavefront, resulting in degraded performance after propagation. Adaptive Optics (AO) can be used to correct for these aero-optical aberrations in the wavefront to give increased performance. However, in some conditions state-of-the-art AO systems have insufficient spatial and temporal bandwidth to accurately maintain high system performance. Predictive AO control is a promising method to mitigate these problems and therefore improve beam quality. This manuscript builds on previous research with novel Digital Holographic (DH) Wavefront Sensor (WFS) data measuring aero-optical disturbances from the wind tunnel at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Aero-Effects Laboratory (AEL) to present a Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) based predictive modeling tool. DMD is a light-weight, equationfree, dimensionality reduction algorithm that can be used to isolate spatio-temporal patterns in a data set into physically meaningful modes. These can be used to predict future states from a given wavefront. This manuscript demonstrates application of this method to data acquired through AFRL as well as discussing the underlying mechanisms.