cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mobilizing Geography: Locating Space In Social Movement Theory

ion that exists outside of human agency, but as a manifestation and response to the Mobilizing Geography 231 practices of human agents. Certainly, as Chuck Tilly has argued, the state is an ensemble of “coercion wielding organizations that are distinct from households and kinship groups and exercise clear priority in some respects over all other organizations within substantial territories” (as quoted in Steinmetz 1999: 8).” But it is also a cultural and social practice that reflects the contentious politics of social movement actors as well as bureaucrats, citizens, soldiers, and legislators, among any number of others. Take Guidry’s piece in this special issue as an example: not only does he show how social movements are the product of uneven representations of space, he also probes how different movements construct the state (differently) and how the state, in turn, (differently) constructs those movements. As well, Carter, Wolford, Bandy, and Bickham Mendez all stress how human agents in specific spatial and temporal contexts―through processes of identity formation and meaning making―use symbolic practices to construct, challenge and shape the state in small and large ways. Thus, all these articles make the point that the state itself is a space of struggle through which and against which social movements articulate their aims. In the four articles of this special issue, as well as in the substantive introduction to this volume by Deborah Martin and Byron Miller, the argument for taking space seriously is carefully made and compellingly justified. More important, however, than the establishment of the centrality of space to social movement theory, the articles in this volume reveal that opportunities for counter-hegemonic politics abound, and how they can be effectively capitalized upon in order to move toward a more just society: global, local or otherwise. It is my sincere hope that the articles in this special issue truly do change the terrain upon which social movement theorizing and empirical investigation proceeds, for they promise an exciting new era of social movement analysis and the possibility of significantly changing the worlds in which we live.
Complete remission following lenalidomide and rituximab in a patient with heavily pretreated nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma

Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is an uncommon subtype of Hodgkin lymphoma with distinctive clinical, immunophenotypic, and pathologic features.[1] Given the low incidence o...
Characteristics of ZnSe Layers Grown on Zn-Stabilized and Se-Stabilized GaAs Substrates

Organometallic vapor phase epitaxial (OM VPE) growth of ZnSe on GaAs was carried out using dimethylzinc (DMZn) and dimethylselenium (DMSe) as source precursors. The growth of ZnSe can be initiated either by introducing DMZn first (Zn stabilized) or DMSe first (Se stabilized). A systematic study of this growth initiation step on the properties of ZnSe epilayers was carried out using Photoluminescence (PL) and Double Crystal X-Ray Diffraction (DCD) in order to optimize the ZnSe-GaAs interface. PL and DCD data show a considerable difference in lattice relaxation mechanism between Zn and Se stabilized layers. Se stabilized layers are also seen to be considerably tilted with respect to the substrate. PL properties of Se stabilized layers exhibit strong near band edge emission (NBE) and weak deep level emission such as Y 0 , compared to layers grown by Zn stabilization.
RANDOM CUMULATIVE DAMAGE RULES AND FATIGUE RELIABILITY

Based on the assumptions that the residual fatigue life depends only on the damage which has been accumulated and the stress level at the present time, and the distributions of the fatigue lives belong to the same location-scale parameters distribution family at different fixed stress levels, the formulas of transforming the operating cycles at the sequential stress levels into an equivalent operating cycles at the fixed stress level are derived. These can be used to calculate the reliability of components subjected to sequential cumulative fatigue loads. The random, linear, cumulative damage rule in the invariable scale parameters case and the nonlinear cumulative darnage rule in the variable scale parameters case are determined. Formulas for predicting the reliable life and the mean life are presented. The influence on the reliability of stress sequence order is discussed. These are applied through two examples.
Edge city or bust: dismantling a regime of aesthetic governmentality in Oak Brook, Illinois

ABSTRACTThis article examines the construction and dismantling of a regime of “aesthetic governmentality” in Oak Brook, Illinois. This regime consists not only of policy and law, but more importantly of a way of seeing and evaluating Oak Brook’s idyllic suburban landscape. Drawing on interview and archival data, the case is made that the power of this longstanding regime has begun to decline in recent years, making space for new ways of understanding life in Oak Brook and for new social and political priorities. These changes have shifted the balance of power away from the small, affluent residential population and toward the demands of local business interests (including several multinational corporations). The article concludes with the cautionary argument that the dismantling of this regime may simply displace one kind of exclusion in favor of another.
Adapting the intellectual property system to new technologies

Consideration is given as to whether the system of protecting intellectual property rights is capable of adapting to the changes taking place in the new technologies. The paper uses biotechnology, computer software and computer databases as examples of fundamentally new technologies and describes the new issues posed by these technologies and reviews the approaches taken to adapt the intellectual property system in each case. It then evaluates the performance of this adaptation process, looking at three levels: the mechanisms for developing doctrine; the systems (e.g. patent offices) that grant intellectual property rights; and the formal systems (primarily courts) and informal systems (e.g. cross–licences) that enforce intellectual property rights and shape their practical economic implementation. In a number of the areas, the analysis is international and comparative; the conclusions are intended to be international as well.
Sleep State Effects on Nonpanting Breathing During Preoptic/Anterior Hypothalamic Warming in Cats and Kittens

Hypothalamic warming induces panting in cats; in young kittens, panting is interspersed with slower breathing periods. The nature of neural mechanisms underlying these interspersed periods of nonpanting polypnea is unclear. We determined developmental characteristics of nonpanting breathing during thermal stress in kittens and adult cats. Warming electrodes were surgically placed into the preoptic/anterior hypothalamus (POAH) of 19 kittens and six adult cats. After surgical recovery, the hypothalamus was warmed bilaterally during sleep in unrestrained animals. Epochs of nonpanting breathing during periods of POAH warming within quiet sleep (QS) and rapid eye movement sleep (REM) were compared to control periods. Nonpanting polypnea within QS showed inspiratory and expiratory time reductions in the same proportions as those of panting. During REM, increased breathing rates accompanied POAH warming, but inspiratory/expiratory timing characteristics did not differ significantly from those of baseline breathing, except in the youngest kittens. Breathing responses to POAH warming during QS showed significant change as the kittens matured; however, response characteristics during REM did not change significantly from 12 days to adulthood. Responses to thermal stress during QS appear to depend on maturation of neural mechanisms, while separate mechanisms appear to underlie the slight respiratory rate changes during REM.
Behold the monster:Mythical explanations of deviance and evil in news of the Amish school shooting

In October 2006, Charles Carl Roberts IV walked into a one-room Amish schoolhouse in West Nickel Mines, PA, USA, brandished a handgun, and killed five female students who were all under the age of 13. Through an analysis of 215 news articles published in 10 local, regional, and national newspapers in 2006 and 2007, this article examines news characterizations of Roberts that cast him as a ‘Monster’. We explore interdisciplinary notions of pure evil to expand current literature of news myth to include a form of explanation that appears in news when no other current mythical archetype will suffice. This study complicates current perspectives on news myth by expanding the ideological tools to examine the nature of evil in loss through the example of the Amish shootings.
Right-side Chest Wall Prominence

A 4-month-old premature infant with a history of tracheoesophageal fistula ligation at birth presents with right-side chest wall prominence 1 month after repair of the esophageal atresia. ### Birth History and Early Hospital Course On day 2, the infant underwent division and ligation of the fistula with gastrostomy tube placement. Surgery was complicated by the development of a right-sided chylothorax requiring chest tube placement for drainage and octreotide therapy, which resolved by age 3½ months. The patient underwent right thoracotomy and esophageal atresia repair at age 3 …
Gene Regulation and Speciation

Understanding the genetic architecture of speciation is a major goal in evolutionary biology. Hybrid dysfunction is thought to arise most commonly through negative interactions between alleles at two or more loci. Divergence between interacting regulatory elements that affect gene expression (i.e., regulatory divergence) may be a common route for these negative interactions to arise. We review here how regulatory divergence between species can result in hybrid dysfunction, including recent theoretical support for this model. We then discuss the empirical evidence for regulatory divergence between species and evaluate evidence for misregulation as a source of hybrid dysfunction. Finally, we review unresolved questions in gene regulation as it pertains to speciation and point to areas that could benefit from future research.
Description of a new subgenus Neophylidorea (Diptera: Tipulidae) and a new species

A group of 15 species from the genus Euphylidorea (Alexander, 1972) is identified based on distinct morphology and described as the new subgenus Neophylidorea. Characters of the aedeagus and male genitalia in general allow for unequivocal recognition of this subgenus. Comparisons among other species-groups within Euphylidorea and Neophylidorea subgen. n. Petersen are made. A new species, Neophylidorea vannimwegeni Petersen is described based on two male specimens collected in Michigan, USA. This species can be distinguished by the unique structure of the ventral parameres in the male hypopygium.
Molecular analogue of the perovskite repeating unit and evidence for direct Mn III-Ce IV-Mn III exchange coupling pathway

The perovskite manganites AMnO3 and their doped analogues A1–x B x MnO3 (A and B = main group and lanthanide metals) are a fascinating family of magnetic oxides exhibiting a rich variety of properties. They are thus under intense investigation along multiple fronts, one of which is how their structural and physical properties are modified at the nanoscale. Here we show that the molecular compound [Ce3Mn8O8(O2CPh)18(HO2CPh)2] (CeIII 2CeIVMnIII 8; hereafter Ce3Mn8) bears a striking structural resemblance to the repeating unit seen in the perovskite manganites. Further, magnetic studies have established that Ce3Mn8 exhibits both the combination of pairwise MnIII 2 ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange interactions, and the resultant spin vector alignments that are found within the 3-D C-type antiferromagnetic perovskites. First-principles theoretical calculations reveal not only the expected nearest-neighbor MnIII 2 exchange couplings via superexchange pathways through bridging ligands but also an unusual, direct MnIII–CeIV–MnIII metal-to-metal channel involving the CeIV f orbitals. Perovskite manganites exhibit intriguing but poorly understood properties, including multiferroicity. Here, the authors synthesize a Ce3Mn8 cluster that structurally resembles a perovskite repeat unit, and use this molecular analogue to elucidate mechanisms driving bulk perovskite properties.
Patterns of Progression in Metastatic Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer: An Argument for Local Therapy.

Purpose. Despite advances in endocrine therapy (ET), metastatic estrogen receptor positive breast cancer (BrCA) remains incurable. Though the mechanisms of resistance to ET have been studied extensively, the anatomic pattern of disease progression remains poorly characterized. The purpose of this study was to characterize the pattern of progression for patients receiving ET for metastatic BrCA. Methods. The records of 108 patients with metastatic BrCA who progressed on ET were reviewed. Progression was characterized as follows: diffuse progression, progression in greater than 3 sites; oligoprogression, progression in fewer than 3 sites with prior diffuse metastases; and oligometastatic disease with progression, progression in 3 or fewer sites with prior limited metastases. Results. Seventy-four patients (69%) displayed only diffuse disease progression. Conversely, 23 patients (21%) displayed oligoprogression and 11 patients (10%) displayed oligometastases with progression at least once in their disease course. Further analysis of the patients with oligoprogression suggested that in 14 patients the sites of progression would have been amenable to local therapy. Conclusion. Oligoprogressive disease occurs in a significant subset of patients with metastatic BrCA treated with ET. These patients with oligoprogressive disease may be eligible for local therapy, potentially obviating the need to change of systemic therapy.
A Novel Casting Technique for Tongue-Type Calcaneus Fractures With Soft Tissue Compromise:

Displaced calcaneal fractures encompass a spectrum of fracture patterns, many of which are associated with soft tissue complications. Displaced tongue-type calcaneal fractures often cause pressure ...
Response to effects of improvisational music therapy vs. enhanced standard care on symptom severity among children with autism spectrum disorder: the TIME-A randomized clinical trial

Thank you and congratulations to the research team of the clinical trial published in the Journal of the American Medical Association focused on improvisational music therapy for children on the au...
Do Ministério Público como superego da sociedade: design institucional e legitimidade na atuação judicial e extrajudicial

This article analyzes the expansion of the juspolitical function carried by Prosecutors under the theoretical framework of Ingeborg Maus. It uses hypothetical-deductive reasoning, drawing on data from primary and secondary nature, concluding that, to avoid arbitrariness restrictions of popular sovereignty, it is indispensable that the Prosecution Service adopts a new institutional design, enhancing its performance by focusing on the efficient exercise of the role of superego of society.
Understanding Food and Drug Administration Regulatory Requirements for an Investigational Device Exemption for Sponsor-Investigators

Clinical investigators in academic medical centers often perceive federal regulations as a significant obstacle to conducting clinical research. The regulatory authority of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) extends to clinical studies of medical devices. Consequently, researchers wishing to conduct device research using FDA-approved as well as nonapproved devices must comply with federal regulations for investigational device exemptions (IDE) as described in Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations Part 812. FDA regulatory oversight is structured to match the risk to the subject to the risk of the device. Medical device studies can be categorized as follows: meeting exemption criteria, being a nonsignificant risk device, or being a significant risk device. All IDE studies must meet regulations for the protection of human subjects, but no additional federal filing on the part of the investigator is necessary for those that meet exempt criteria. Nonsignificant risk device studies require meeting abbreviated IDE regulatory requirements for the conduct of the study, but no previous FDA approval is required. Significant risk device studies require that the investigator also function as a sponsor and to file an IDE with the FDA for approval before starting. A sponsor-investigator filing an IDE follows the format and content described in 21 CFR 812.20. The study may begin 30 days after the date of submission receipt unless the FDA notifies the sponsor otherwise. While the IDE is active, the sponsor-investigator must meet the requirements for the conduct of the study and the required monitoring and reporting to the FDA.
Auto-exploratory average reward reinforcement learning

We introduce a model-based average reward Reinforcement Learning method called H-learning and compare it with its discounted counterpart, Adaptive Real-Time Dynamic Programming, in a simulated robot scheduling task. We also introduce an extension to H-learning, which automatically explores the unexplored parts of the state space, while always choosing greedy actions with respect to the current value function. We show that this "Auto-exploratory H-learning" performs better than the original H-learning under previously studied exploration methods such as random, recency-based, or counter-based exploration.
Terms and Illustrations

Aesthetic value can scarcely be comprehended outside the context of a general theory of value. However, all the axiological subtilities of a general value theory cannot possibly be discussed within the confines of this essay; therefore, certain opinions on value will be set down here with a kind of transient dogmatism, set down without defense and merely for the purpose of providing a terminological basis for later remarks.
Some interactions in the erosion-oxidation of alloys

The modes of interaction of erosion and high-temperature oxidation, occurring simultaneously on an alloy surface, have been studied using Ni-30Cr, MA754, Ni-20Al, and Co-22Cr-11Al-0.2Y alloys to examine the influence of chromia and alumina scale formation on the erosion of nickel and cobalt base alloys. The results have shown that, in the presence of a rapidly flowing oxidizing gas stream, the evaporation of volatile metal oxides becomes important at lower temperatures where normally it can be ignored. Otherwise, the erosion and oxidation of alloys parallels the behavior of pure metals but also introduces additional factors derived from lengthening of the period of transient oxidation and modification of concentration profiles in the alloy adjacent to the alloy/scale interface. Higher erosion intensities extend the transient oxidation behavior which adversely affects the formation of protective scales. As with pure metals, the presence of erosion and oxidation together always produced increased rates of degradation.
Impact of BRAF Mutation Class on Disease Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes in BRAF-mutant Lung Cancer.

Purpose: BRAF mutations are divided into functional classes distinguished by signaling mechanism and kinase activity: V600-mutant kinase-activating monomers (class I), kinase-activating dimers (class II), and kinase-inactivating heterodimers (class III). The relationship between functional class and disease characteristics in BRAF-mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been fully explored. Experimental Design: We performed a retrospective analysis of BRAF-mutant NSCLCs treated at 2 institutions from 2005 to 2017 to determine clinicopathologic characteristics, progression-free survival (PFS) on chemotherapy, and overall survival (OS). Results: We identified 236 patients with BRAF-mutant NSCLC (n = 107 class I, n = 75 class II, and n = 54 class III). Patients with class II or III mutations were more likely to have brain metastases (P ≤ 0.01) and RAS coalterations (P ≤ 0.001) than class I. Compared with class I, PFS on chemotherapy was shorter for class II (P = 0.069) and class III (P = 0.034). OS was shorter for class II and III (class I, 40.1 months; class II, 13.9 months; and class III, 15.6 months; I vs. II, P Conclusions: BRAF-mutant NSCLC is a heterogeneous disease that encompasses 3 distinct functional classes. Classes II and III have more aggressive clinical features leading to less favorable outcomes. The distinct biological characteristics of class II and III tumors suggest that class-specific therapies may be necessary to effectively target these molecular subsets.
Response to “Quick Fix: Get Up! Five Ways to Energize a Classroom with Physically Active Learning”

A recent “Quick Fix” in College Teaching offered five strategies for energizing a class through physical activity. Embedded in this “Quick Fix” and other such techniques, however, is a presumption ...
The Association of Non-Cardiac ECMO With Influenza Incidence: A Time Series Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The 2009 H1N1 influenza epidemic saw a rise in the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a supportive therapy for refractory ARDS. We sought to determine whether ECMO utilization follows a seasonal pattern that matches the influenza season, and whether it can further be explained by the incidence of each influenza subtype. METHODS: We performed a longitudinal analysis of non-cardiac and cardiac-associated ECMO cases from the National In-patient Sample from 2005 to 2014, using overdispersed Poisson regression to evaluate associations with influenza incidence categorized by influenza-like illness and total positive influenza tests divided by subtype from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS: Non-cardiac ECMO use was positively associated with influenza-like illness incidence in the current month (incidence risk ratio [IRR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–1.15, P CONCLUSION: Non-cardiac and cardiac ECMO use in the United States were significantly associated with influenza incidence. The influenza A, H1N1 2009, subtype had the strongest association.
Immigration Legal Services as a Structural HIV Intervention for Latinx Sexual and Gender Minorities

Lack of legal immigration status is associated with poor HIV-related outcomes for immigrant Latinx sexual and gender minorities (LSGM). LSGM often meet eligibility criteria for legal immigration relief. A Medical-Legal Partnership (MLP) may thus be strategic to improve their health. We know little about the challenges LSGM face during the immigration legal process. We conducted in-depth interviews with six key informants and sixteen LSGM who recently applied for immigration legal relief. We coded and analyzed the data for emergent themes. Challenges to instituting an MLP for LSGM included lack of specialized training on working with SGM for immigration attorneys, and for clients: knowledge about legal deadlines, lack of housing and family support, and re-traumatizing experiences. Clients' outcomes were positive when attorneys and mental health providers collaborated. For LSGM, the benefits of immigration relief included reduced HIV risk. An MLP that addresses the surmountable challenges could improve HIV-related outcomes among LSGM.
Design and Analysis of Staged Mutual Inhibition to Implement Bi-Stable Neuronal Toggle Switch

Analogous to the fundamental role of flip-flops in electronics, bi-stable biological neuronal toggle switches appear frequently in neuronal circuitry in vivo. Mutual inhibition, which is considered to be the primary mechanism behind bi-stability, has been the subject of substantial theoretical and experimental studies. However, evaluation of its precise timing requirement using advanced computational models has been missing. In this work, we suggest that direct mutual inhibition fails as an effective toggle switch and propose an alternative circuit design, termed staged mutual inhibition, to improve robustness. Using Leaky Integrate-and- Fire model, we perform sensitivity analysis and simulations based on relevant biophysical parameters to quantitatively demonstrate the advantages of staged vs. direct mutual inhibition. We believe that our approach to neuronal circuitry can benefit neuro-inspired designs.
Access With Education Improves Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Preschool Children

Abstract Objective To compare effects of interventions aimed at increasing fruit and vegetable (FV) intake in children. Design Pre-post comparison and intervention study with randomly grouped classrooms. Setting Head Start classrooms. Participants Two hundred nine Head Start children. Interventions Treatment A (n = 61) and treatment B (n = 82) children received high-carotenoid FVs for 8 weeks. Treatment B children also received weekly FV education, and their caregivers received FV information and recipes. The comparison group (n = 66) received neither FVs nor education. Main Outcome Measure Carotenoid values in Raman units. Analysis Multilevel mixed models, ANCOVA, and post hoc analysis were used. Results Multilevel mixed models with the group as fixed effect and classrooms within group as a random effect; ANCOVA showed that the only significant variable affecting the score was the group main effect. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.037; the Raman unit scores of treatment B were significantly higher than those of treatment A (P = .02) or comparison group (P Conclusions and Implications The results suggested that providing education where FVs are offered may help increase consumption. Measurement of carotenoids in family members who received FVs plus education, as well as replication of this model in different locations and ages of children should be investigated in future research.
Sustainable and equitable financing for sidewalk maintenance

Abstract In many communities sidewalks are discontinuous, inaccessible to those with physical disabilities, and poorly maintained. Correcting these problems would be a first step in providing infrastructure to achieve the active travel and related transportation goals of many communities. One nearly universal challenge to maintaining sidewalks is an adequate, sustainable and equitable source of funding. Municipalities typically maintain and repair their streets; however, most require residents to maintain and repair public sidewalks adjacent to their property. These policies are difficult to enforce and may be at least partly responsible for the poor condition of many sidewalks. They also place a relatively high cost on low-income households. We evaluate three sidewalk maintenance funding alternatives for public sidewalks in Albuquerque, New Mexico: increasing the gross receipts tax (GRT), the gasoline excise tax, or the property tax. We show that any of the alternatives would perform better than policies that require adjacent property owners to maintain public sidewalks. They are generally less regressive, cost less on average, and would allow municipalities to manage sidewalk assets more effectively. The differences between the alternatives are relatively minor compared to their benefits. Additional considerations should include how the revenue from each tax may change over time.
Measurement Invariance Testing in Counseling

Measurement invariance is crucial in counseling research and assessment because it ensures that scores have the same meanings across treatment conditions, time points, or diverse populations. We co...
Application of EPR-MOGA in computing the liquefaction-induced settlement of a building subjected to seismic shake

Accurate prediction of the liquefaction-induced settlement ( $${S}_{\mathrm{lc}}$$ ) is an essential requirement for a good design of buildings resting on liquefiable ground and subjected to seismic shake. However, prediction of the $${S}_{\mathrm{lc}}$$ is not straightforward process and it requires advanced soil models and calibrated soil parameters that are not readily available for designers/practitioners. In addition, the available empirical models to estimate the $${S}_{\mathrm{lc}}$$ have been developed using either classical regression analysis or multivariate adaptive regression splines and such techniques produce complicated models. Also, these empirical models have been developed utilizing results of numerical modelling. To overcome these limitations, novel model has been developed in this paper utilizing robust regression analysis driven by artificial intelligence called the evolutionary polynomial regression analysis. The new model has been developed using centrifuge results (real laboratory measurements) and can be easily used to accurately estimate the liquefaction induced settlement. The developed model scored a mean absolute error, root mean square error, mean, standard deviation of the predicted to measured values, coefficient of determination, $$a20 - \mathrm{index}$$ , and EPR coefficient of determination of 2.12 cm, 2.84 cm, 1.06, 0.19, 0.98, 0.77, and 97%, respectively, for the learning data and 1.73 cm, 3.31 cm, 0.99, 0.17, 0.97, 0.75, and 97%, respectively, for the examination data. The developed model has also been used in a parametric study to provide an insight into the sensitivity of the $${S}_{\mathrm{lc}}$$ to the foundation width, building height, pressure applied on the foundation, thickness and relative density of the liquefiable layer, and earthquake intensity. The results obtained from the parametric study are reasonable and in agreement with previous studies in the literature. Thus, the developed model can be employed to optimize designs and to reduce design costs as it does not require complicated analyses and/or expensive computational facilities.
THE MAXWELL LAGRANGIAN IN PURELY AFFINE GRAVITY

The purely affine Lagrangian for linear electrodynamics, that has the form of the Maxwell Lagrangian in which the metric tensor is replaced by the symmetrized Ricci tensor and the electromagnetic field tensor by the tensor of homothetic curvature, is dynamically equivalent to the Einstein–Maxwell equations in the metric–affine and metric formulation. We show that this equivalence is related to the invariance of the Maxwell Lagrangian under conformal transformations of the metric tensor. We also apply to a purely affine Lagrangian the Legendre transformation with respect to the tensor of homothetic curvature to show that the corresponding Legendre term and the new Hamiltonian density are related to the Maxwell–Palatini Lagrangian for the electromagnetic field. Therefore the purely affine picture, in addition to generating the gravitational Lagrangian that is linear in the curvature, justifies why the electromagnetic Lagrangian is quadratic in the electromagnetic field.
The Effects of High Intensity versus Low Intensity Exercise on Academic Productivity, Mood, and Behavior among Youth with and without ADHD

Preliminary evidence suggests exercise enhances mental health and cognitive performance among typically developing children and children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The goal of this study was to determine whether improvements vary depending on exercise intensity (e.g., high vs. low) or outcome domains (e.g., mood, behavior, academic productivity), and whether effects vary over time. Participants were 130 children (73% in ADHD group) aged 6 to 13 who completed daily exercise (high or low intensity) across 15 days as well as daily measures of pre- and post-activity mood, behavior and academic productivity. Results indicated no differences in the effectiveness of low- versus high- intensity exercise for youth with and without ADHD on overall mood, behavior, or academic productivity. Moreover, although there were no differences in academic productivity over time among children with and without ADHD in the low or high intensity exercise conditions, there were differences in behavior and mood over time among children with and without ADHD in the high, but not low, intensity condition. Specifically, relative to children without ADHD, children with ADHD had a wider range of behavior problems immediately after high intensity exercise and showed worse initial moods and more negative change over time in mood. Findings suggest that high intensity exercise delivered in certain formats can be associated with worse mood and behavior over time among youth with ADHD. Future research is needed to draw firmer conclusions about the relative short- and long-term effectiveness of high and low intensity exercise for youth with and without ADHD.
Visible light enables catalytic formation of weak chemical bonds with molecular hydrogen.

The synthesis of weak chemical bonds at or near thermodynamic potential is a fundamental challenge in chemistry, with applications ranging from catalysis to biology to energy science. Proton-coupled electron transfer using molecular hydrogen is an attractive strategy for synthesizing weak element–hydrogen bonds, but the intrinsic thermodynamics presents a challenge for reactivity. Here we describe the direct photocatalytic synthesis of extremely weak element–hydrogen bonds of metal amido and metal imido complexes, as well as organic compounds with bond dissociation free energies as low as 31 kcal mol−1. Key to this approach is the bifunctional behaviour of the chromophoric iridium hydride photocatalyst. Activation of molecular hydrogen occurs in the ground state and the resulting iridium hydride harvests visible light to enable spontaneous formation of weak chemical bonds near thermodynamic potential with no by-products. Photophysical and mechanistic studies corroborate radical-based reaction pathways and highlight the uniqueness of this photodriven approach in promoting new catalytic chemistry. The formation of weak chemical bonds at or near thermodynamic potential is a challenge in chemical synthesis and catalysis. A bifunctional iridium hydride catalyst has now been discovered that absorbs visible light and promotes proton-coupled electron transfer to a range of substrates—creating element–hydrogen bonds—using dihydrogen as the terminal reductant.
Use of non-contrast MR in diagnosing secondary lymphedema of the upper extremities.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the study is to determine if a combination of dermal thickening and subcutaneous fluid honeycombing on non-contrast MRI, termed the dermal rim sign (DRS), can be diagnostically analogous to dermal backflow seen on lymphoscintigraphy in patients with secondary upper extremity lymphedema. Materials and methods Upper extremity MRI and lymphoscintigraphy were performed on patients referred to a multidisciplinary lymphedema clinic for suspicion of secondary lymphedema. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of DRS on MRI in detecting dermal backflow on lymphoscintigraphy and the correlation between DRS, Indocyanine Green (ICG) lymphography, bioimpedence L-Dex® ratio and MRI Lymphedema Staging were calculated. Weighted interobserver agreements on the presence and location of DRS on MRI were calculated. Results Of the 45 patients in the study, 91.1% (41/45) of patients had history of breast cancer. The average age was 58.4 ± 10.5 years, with a mean symptom duration of 4.7 ± 4.4 years. The mean BMI was 30.5 ± 7.0 kg/m2. Interobserver agreement on the presence and the extent of DRS on MRI was 0.93 [95% confidence-interval: 0.80–1]. DRS was present in 97% (32/33) of patients who demonstrated dermal backflow on lymphoscintigraphy. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of DRS were 96.6% [81.7%–99.9%], and 75.0% [47.6%–92.7%], 87.5% [74.9%–94.3%], and 92.3% [63.1%–98.8%]. DRS was associated with severity on ICG lymphography and bioimpedance (both p Conclusions DRS on non-contrast MRI is highly predictive of dermal backflow and correlates with clinical measures of lymphedema severity. DRS may be used as an independent diagnostic biomarker to identify patients who would benefit from dedicated exams.
Integration of obstetric and gynecologic inpatients: Morbidity

Abstract Over an interval of nearly 6½ years obstetric and selected gynecologic inpatients were integrated in the same wing of the hospital. The same nursing personnel provided care for all the patients. Isolation techniques were used in the care of those febrile or with infectius disease. A febrile response of 2 days or more occurred in 2 and nearly 9 per cent of the obstetric and gynecologic patients, respectively. The coliform microorganisms or Streptococcus faecalis predominated in the vagina of afebrile and febrile gynecologic patients. Contrariwise, febrile obstetric patients more often harbored streptococci, staphylococci, and diphtheroids. There were no maternal or fetal mortalities or postoperative or postpartum complications that could be attributed to mixing of the patients. It is recommended that mixing of obstetric and gynecologic units be done only if there is motivation, vigilance, and supervision on the part of the professional staff to protect susceptible hosts from prevalent nosocomial bacteria.
Solute and penetrant diffusion in swellable polymers: V. Relaxation-controlled transport in P(HEMA-co-MMA) copolymers

Abstract The swelling behavior of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) [P(HEMA-co-MMA)] disks containing HEMA mole fractions between 0.5 and 1.0 was observed in water at 37°C and the diffusion coefficient of water in the copolymers was determined. The relaxational behavior of these copolymers at their equilibrium water content at 37°C was studied using tensile stress relaxation experiments. The relaxational behavior was used to determine the characteristic relaxation times, the molecular weight between entanglements and other physical properties of the copolymers.
State-Issued Identification Cards Reveal Patterns in Adult Weight Status

Background: State-issued identification cards are a promising data source for neighborhood-level obesity estimates. Methods: We used information from three million Oregon state-issued identification cards to compute age-adjusted estimates of average adult body mass index (BMI) for each census tract in the state. We used multivariate linear regression to identify associations between weight status and population characteristics, food access, commuting behavior, and geography. Results: Together, home values, education, race, ethnicity, car commuting, and rural-urban commuting area (RUCA) explained 86% of the variation in BMI among tracts. BMI was lower in areas with higher home values and greater educational attainment, and higher in areas with more workers commuting by car. Discussion: Our findings are consistent with other research on socioeconomic disparities in obesity. This demonstrates state-issued identification cards are a promising data source for BMI surveillance and may offer new insight into the association between weight status and economic and environmental factors. Public health agencies should explore options for developing their own obesity estimates from identification card data.
Injury prevention programs against distracted driving: Are they effective?

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Distracted driving (talking and/or texting) is a growing public safety problem, with increasing incidence among adult drivers. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence of distracted driving (DD) among health care providers and to create awareness against DD. We hypothesized that distracted driving is prevalent among health care providers and a preventive campaign against distracted driving would effectively decrease distracted driving among health care providers.Methods: We performed a 4-phase prospective interventional study of all health care providers at our level 1 trauma center. Phase 1: one week of pre-intervention observation; phase 2: one week of intervention; phase 3: one week of postintervention observation; and phase 4: one week of 6 months of postintervention observation. Observations were performed outside employee parking garage at the following time intervals: 6:30–8:30 a.m., 4:40–5:30 p.m., and 6:30–7:30 p.m. Intervention included an e-mail survey, pamphlet...
Plasmonic tuning of aluminum doped zinc oxide nanostructures by atomic layer deposition

Currently there is a strong interest in plasmonic materials operating in the near-infrared (NIR), however, conventional metals such as gold and silver possess high optical losses in this region. In this work we demonstrate localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) with low loss in the NIR region by utilizing atomic layer deposition to deposit thin films of aluminium doped zinc oxide onto silicon nanopillars created via nanopshere lithography. The deposited films have excellent conformality and the LSPRs can be tuned from the mid-infrared to the NIR by controlling the doping concentration, deposition temperature and nanostructure morphology. (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The molecular revolution in ectomycorrhizal ecology: peeking into the black-box.

Molecular tools have now been applied for the past 5 years to dissect ectomycorrhizal (EM) community structure, and they have propelled a resurgence in interest in the field. Results from these studies have revealed that: (i) EM communities are impressively diverse and are patchily distributed at a fine scale below ground; (ii) there is a poor correspondence between fungi that appear dominant as sporocarps vs. those that appear dominant on roots; (iii) members of Russulaceae, Thelephoraceae, and/or non-thelephoroid resupinates are among the most abundant EM taxa in ecosystems sampled to date; (iv) dissimilar plants are associated with many of the same EM species when their roots intermingle — this occurs on a small enough spatial scale that fungal individuals are likely to be shared by dissimilar plants; and (v) mycoheterotrophic plants have highly specific fungal associations. Although, these results have been impressive, they have been tempered by sampling difficulties and limited by the taxonomic resolution of restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. Minor modifications of the sampling schemes, and more use of direct sequencing, has the potential to solve these problems. Use of additional methods, such as in situ hybridization to ribosomal RNA or hybridization coupled to microarrays, are necessary to open up the analysis of the mycelial component of community structure.
New insights in to the mechanisms of fullerene and nanotube formation

In 1985 buckminsterfullerene (the third allotropic form of carbon) was discovered during experiments designed to unravel the chemistry in red giant carbon stars. The molecule has now come down to Earth giving rise to the fullerenes, a family of pure carbon cage molecules with fascinating properties which promise exciting new developments in 21st century materials science and technology. Fullerene molecules and their elongated nanotube (buckytube) cousins are now the subject of intense study as they promise to play major roles in almost every possible area of future technology from medicine and molecular electronics to civil engineering. However the mechanisms whereby various types of nanostructures assemble are still very poorly understood. Over the last decade or so, we have examined a wide range of methods for nanotube formation and from these studies some interesting new insights have been gained - especially with regard to metal catalysed nanostructure formation.
A Speaker Identification Agent

This paper describes a prototype application which combines speaker identification technology and an agent architecture to provide user-definable monitors for incoming voicemail messages. Through a Web-distributable Java user interface, the user may enter requests by using spoken or typed natural language. Multiple distributed agents process the requests, periodically testing the user's voicemail system to identify the composer of the message from a set of selected speakers. When a message meets the conditions specified by the user, agents locate the requester's position and notify him or her of the arrival of the important message by using various communication media (email, fax, telephone, pager). The technology responsible for identifying a speaker from voice is a text-independent method developed at SRI International. Encapsulating this capability as an agent permits plug- and-play reusability in the growing number of applications being developed within the agent-based framework.
Organ dysfunction and mortality risk factors in severe canine bite wound trauma.

Objective To identify mortality risk factors, determine mortality rate, and to describe the treatment, incidence, and type of organ dysfunction in dogs with severe bite wounds. Design Retrospective case study from 2000 to 2009. Setting University veterinary teaching hospital. Animals Ninety-four dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with bite wounds. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results In all dogs, physical parameters, diagnostic testing, surgery and anesthesia timing, and treatment details were recorded at presentation and during ICU hospitalization. The overall mortality rate was 15%. A majority of dogs (68%) were <10 kg. A majority of the wounds (53%) yielded no growth on bacterial culture. Prolonged time from admission to anesthesia was associated with a need for longer postoperative ICU hospitalization (P = 0.0099). Prolonged anesthesia time was associated with mortality (P = 0.0044). Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) occurred in 54.3% of dogs and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) occurred in 27.7% of dogs. The presence of SIRS was significantly associated with mortality (P = 0.01), with a mortality rate of 24% in dogs that developed SIRS. MODS was associated with risk of mortality (P < 0.001) with a mortality rate of 67% in dogs with dysfunction of 4 or more organs. Dogs with dysfunction of 1 organ system had a mortality rate of 9%. The body system most commonly affected was the respiratory system (37%). Cardiovascular dysfunction was highly predictive of mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 29). Conclusions Patients with extensive bite wounds have a significant risk of developing severe secondary complications such as SIRS, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, and MODS. Longer time to anesthesia was associated with a longer recovery and longer anesthetic times were associated with mortality, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, and MODS. Injury to the respiratory system was most commonly encountered and mortality increased with cardiovascular injury, MODS, and SIRS.
California’s New Normal? Recurring Drought: Addressing Winners and Losers

With numbers of poor agricultural communities unable to access running water at all in the Central Valley, and wealthy urban communities still watering vast expanses of lawn, golf courses and polo ...
A modulated sub-carrier technique of measuring microwave attenuation

A method of measuring microwave attenuation is proposed which has the advantages of an i.f. substitution method with single-sideband operation. However, ordinary amplitude modulation is used, and neither the carrier nor one of the sidebands needs to be suppressed.Two versions of this method are described and some operational hints are given. One of these versions is capable of high accuracy with commercially available equipment. The proposed method was tested by measuring the relative attenuation of a microwave variable attenuator at 9.3897 Gc/s, attaining a precision of 0.0001 dB at 0.01 dB and 0.2 dB at 50dB. The measurements are compared with measurements performed by other methods. A special comparison with values obtained from d.c. substitution techniques was made in which environmental effects were largely eliminated.Factors affecting the accuracy of measurements made by this technique are discussed. Some of the precautions necessary to attain high accuracy are given.