cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nucleic Acid of the Rabbit Papilloma Virus Protein

The plant viruses thus far isolated have appeared to be nucleoproteins of high molecular weight.1 With respect to the nucleic acid in them, the various agents show wide quantitative differences. Qualitatively, however, the plant virus nucleoproteins studied are similar in that the nucleic acid is of the ribose or yeast nucleic acid type. Findings of another sort have been encountered in the field of animal viruses. The elementary bodies of vaccinia contain nucleic acid which is of the desoxypentose or thymus type.2 Nucleic acid is a constituent also of the virus of equine encephalomyelitis (Eastern strain) but in this instance is a ribose nucleic acid.3 The virus responsible for infectious papillomatosis of rabbits has been isolated by ultracentrifugation4 and evidence has been obtained indicating it to be a monodisperse macromolecular protein.5,6 Recently, a relatively large quantity of this protein became available, and this has been investigated for the presence of nucleic acid. The same material was employed also for determinations of carbohydrate and fat content. In the present paper are reported the results of these studies on nucleic acid, carbohydrate and fat.
Spleen hypoplasia leads to abnormal stress hematopoiesis in mice with loss of Pbx homeoproteins in splenic mesenchyme.

The spleen plays critical roles in immunity and also provides a permissive microenvironment for hematopoiesis. Previous studies have reported that the TALE-class homeodomain transcription factor Pbx1 is essential in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) for stem cell maintenance and progenitor expansion. However, the role of Pbx1 in the hematopoietic niche has not been investigated. Here we explored the effects that genetic perturbation of the splenic mesenchymal niche has on hematopoiesis upon loss of members of the Pbx family of homeoproteins. Splenic mesenchyme-specific inactivation of Pbx1 (SKO) on a Pbx2- or Pbx3-deficient genetic background (DKO) resulted in abnormal development of the spleen, which is dysmorphic and severely hypoplastic. This phenotype, in turn, affected the number of HSPCs in the fetal and adult spleen at steady state, as well as markedly impairing the kinetics of hematopoietic regeneration in adult mice after sub-lethal and lethal myelosuppressive irradiation. Spleens of mice with compound Pyx deficiency 8 days following sublethal irradiation displayed significant downregulation of multiple cytokine-encoding genes, including KitL/SCF, Cxcl12/SDF-1, IL-3, IL-4, GM-CSF/Csf2 IL-10, and Igf-1, compared with controls. KitL/SCF and Cxcl12/SDF-1 were recently shown to play key roles in the splenic niche in response to various haematopoietic stresses such as myeloablation, blood loss, or pregnancy. Our results demonstrate that, in addition to their intrinsic roles in HSPCs, non-cell autonomous functions of Pbx factors within the splenic niche contribute to the regulation of hematopoiesis, at least in part via the control of KitL/SCF and Cxcl12/SDF-1. Furthermore, our study establishes that abnormal spleen development and hypoplasia have deleterious effects on the efficiency of hematopoietic recovery after bone marrow injury.
Research on medical application in ZigBee wireless sensor network

This paper described the ZigBee-based wireless sensor network technology in medical fields.Based on its low-power,low-cost,network flexibility and some other features,we presented the significance,the principle,and the latest research progress of ZigBee application in the medical field.This paper proposed the challenges faced in the ZigBee application in the medical field and presented its development prospect and practical value.
Susceptibility testing of terbinafine combined with fluconazole to Candida and Cryptococcus neoformans in vitro

Objective To study the interaction between terbinafine and fluconazole to Candida and Cryptococcus neoformans in vitro,and provide the laboratory basis for the clinical medicine.Methods The checkerboard microdilution method was applied in vitro to study the interaction of 28 strains of yeasts to a combination of terbinafine and fluconazole according to M27-A method of National Committee for Clinical Laboratory standards(NCCLC),USA.Results Compared with the single agent,the geometric mean of the MIC of the combination reduced from 5.124 to 0.672,there was significant reduction(t=5.558,P0.001),terbinafine reduces from 2.26 to 0.291,there was significant reduction(t=6.552,P0.001).The associations of the two kind of medicines have coordination or add together the function,the average value of FICIs was 0.629.Conclusion There is a synergetic action against pathogenic yeasts in combination of terbinafine and fluconazole.
CSF hydrothorax without intrathoracic catheter migration in children with ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

Background Thoracic complications of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts have been extensively reported in the literature. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hydrothorax without catheter migration, however, has been rarely described and poorly understood. Case description We describe development of pleural effusion and respiratory distress in a 3-year-old boy with no evidence of VP shunt catheter displacement on plain radiograph and stable ventricle size on rapid sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain. Chest X-ray revealed complete opacity of right hemithorax. Pleural effusion was consistent with transudate. Beta-2 transferrin returned positive. The patient underwent externalization of VP shunt, and upon resolution of effusion, re-internalization with new distal shunt catheter. A literature review of CSF hydrothorax in children without intrathoracic shunt migration was performed. Eleven cases were identified in the English literature. Age at VP shunt placement ranged from birth to 8 years of age. Interval from VP shunt placement to CSF hydrothorax ranged from 1.5 months to 5 years. History of shunt revision was reported in two cases. Presenting symptoms also included ascites and inguinal hernia or hydrocele. Reported diagnostic studies consist of CSF culture, radionuclide shuntogram, beta-2 transferrin, and beta-trace protein. Laterality of the VP shunt and development of pleural effusion were predominantly right sided. Definitive surgical treatment included VA shunt, repositioning of the peritoneal catheter, and endoscopic choroid plexus coagulation. Conclusion CSF hydrothorax is a rare thoracic complication of VP shunt placement with no radiographic evidence of shunt migration or malfunction. Postulated mechanisms include limited peritoneal capacity to resorb CSF in children and microscopic communications present in congenital diaphragmatic hiatuses.
Full-scale lateral impact testing of prestressed concrete girder

Lateral impact damage from over-height vehicle collisions with bridge superstructures is of increasing concern in the United States. However this issue is not fully addressed in current bridge specifications. Previous researchers have conducted a number of small-scale tests to study the impact process. Also, the finite element method has largely been used to analyze the complicated collision mechanism. This paper provides an opportunity for full-scale lateral impact testing of a prestressed concrete girder, which leads to a realistic level of damage and mechanism analysis. A full-scale lateral impact testing facility was designed and built on a construction site in Knoxville, Tennessee. The over-height vehicle impact was simulated by impacting the bottom of an AASHTO Type I prestressed concrete girder with an impact cart. This paper describes the details of the impact testing facility as well as the response of the prestressed concrete girder during lateral impact. The collected test data were calibrated by using finite element software ABAQUS.
An engineering approach to miogravity syndrome.

The human species is rapidly expanding. Barring global catastrophe and unnatural constraints, it will, in a brief time on the scale of natural history, fill the uttermost reaches of the solar system. The beachhead established by President Kennedy's lunar program will lead to lunar, Martian and free space settlements in the next century. In a single generation of those who call them home, the constant 9.81 m.s -2 pull of Earth's gravity, which has influenced the evolution and development of terrestrial life forms for billions of years, will fade from common experience. Miogravity syndrome, a prognosticated complex arising in reduced gravity environments such as the surfaces of the Moon and Mars and principally encompassing muscle atrophy, cardiovascular deconditioning and bone demineralization, stands to replace physics and rocketry as the fundamental challenge of interplanetary astronautics. Mirroring our past few million years of changing climate and resources, the mobility of humans between diverse gravitational environments on the high frontier will critically depend on our ability to adapt. Tomorrow, as ever, a mushrooming penchant for toolmaking will spearhead the human career.
WE-FG-BRA-04: A Portable Confocal Microscope to Image Live Cell Damage Response Induced by Therapeutic Radiation.

Purpose: To construct a custom and portable fluorescence confocal laser-scanning microscope (FCLSM) that can be placed in the path of therapeutic radiation beams to study real-time radiation-induced damage response in live cells. Methods: We designed and constructed a portable FCLSM with three laser diodes for excitation (405, 488, and 635 nm). An objective lens focuses the excitation light and collects fluorescence from the sample. A pair of galvanometer mirrors scans/collects the laser beam/fluorescence along the focal plane (x/y-directions). A stepper motor stage scans in the axial direction and positions the x/y of the image field. Barrier filters and dichroic mirrors are used to route the spectral emission bands to the appropriate photodetector. An avalanche photodiode collects near-infrared fluorescence; a photodiode collects back-reflected 635 nm light; and a photomultiplier tube collects green fluorescence in the range of eGFP/eYFP. A 200-µm diameter pinhole was used to implement the confocal geometry for near-infrared and red channels and a 150-µm diameter pinhole for the green channel. Data acquisition and system control were achieved using a high-throughput data acquisition card. In-house software developed in LabVIEW was used to control the hardware, collect data from the photodetectors and reconstruct the confocal images. Results: 6 frames/s can be acquired for a 25 µm2 (128×128 pixels) field of view, visualizing the entire volume of the cell nucleus (∼10 µm depth) in <10 s. To demonstrate the usefulness of our FCLSM, we imaged gold nanoshells in live cells, radiation-induced damage in fibrosarcoma cells expressing eGFP tagged to a DNA repair protein, and neurons expressing eGFP. The system can also image particle tracks in fluorescent nuclear track detectors. Conclusion: We developed a versatile and portable FCLSM that allows radiobiology studies in live cells exposed to therapeutic radiation. The FCLSM can be placed in any vertical beam line for top-to-bottom exposures. This research was supported by the Sister Institution Network Fund and the Center for Radiation Oncology Research at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas. Gabriel Sawakuchi has research support from Elekta Inc.
11. Intraoperative electrocorticography (ECOG) For seizure focus localization

In this lecture, I will give an overview of different uses of Intraoperative ECoG. I will start with presenting examples of epilepsy surgery cases and clinical scenarios where ECoG recordings help delineating the epileptic focus/foci, such as in: 1 – intractable epilepsy from suspected highly epileptogenic lesion( e.g., cortical dysplasia) in patients at high risk of complications from phase II invasive recordings; 2 – use of ECoG in anterior temporal lobectomies; 3– differentiating between a temporal versus orbitofrontal focus; 4 – surgical management of status epilepticus; 5 – determining unifocal versus multifocal epilepsy in widespread pathology; 6 – use of ECoG in tuberous sclerosis epilepsy. In the end, I will discuss and give examples of how ECoG recordings can deliver important information outside epilepsy surgery, during cases of functional mapping via electrical stimulation (e.g., language or motor mapping).
Scalable approximate Bayesian inference for outlier detection under informative sampling

Government surveys of business establishments receive a large volume of submissions where a small subset contain errors. Analysts need a fast-computing algorithm to ag this subset due to a short time window between collection and reporting. We offer a computationally-scalable optimization method based on non-parametric mixtures of hierarchical Dirichlet processes that allows discovery of multiple industry-indexed local partitions linked to a set of global cluster centers. Outliers are nominated as those clusters containing few observations. We extend an existing approach with a new "merge" step that reduces sensitivity to hyperparameter settings. Survey data are typically acquired under an informative sampling design where the probability of inclusion depends on the surveyed response such that the distribution for the observed sample is different from the population. We extend the derivation of a penalized objective function to use a pseudo-posterior that incorporates sampling weights that "undo" the informative design. We provide a simulation study to demonstrate that our approach produces unbiased estimation for the outlying cluster under informative sampling. The method is applied for outlier nomination for the Current Employment Statistics survey conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Characterization of electrocorticogram high-gamma signal in response to varying upper extremity movement velocity

The mechanism by which the human primary motor cortex (M1) encodes upper extremity movement kinematics is not fully understood. For example, human electrocorticogram (ECoG) signals have been shown to modulate with upper extremity movements; however, this relationship has not been explicitly characterized. To address this issue, we recorded high-density ECoG signals from patients undergoing epilepsy surgery evaluation as they performed elementary upper extremity movements while systematically varying movement speed and duration. Specifically, subjects performed intermittent pincer grasp/release, elbow flexion/extension, and shoulder flexion/extension at slow, moderate, and fast speeds. In all movements, bursts of power in the high-[Formula: see text] band (80-160 Hz) were observed in M1. In addition, the amplitude of these power bursts and the area of M1 with elevated high-[Formula: see text] activity were directly proportional to the movement speed. Likewise, the duration of elevated high-[Formula: see text] activity increased with movement duration. Based on linear regression, M1 high-[Formula: see text] power amplitude and duration covaried with movement speed and duration, respectively, with an average [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. These findings indicate that the encoding of upper extremity movement speed by M1 high-[Formula: see text] activity is primarily linear. Also, the fact that this activity remained elevated throughout a movement suggests that M1 does not merely generate transient instructions for a specific movement duration, but instead is responsible for the entirety of the movement. Finally, the spatial distribution of high-[Formula: see text] activity suggests the presence of a recruitment phenomenon in which higher speeds or increased muscle activity involve activation of larger M1 areas.
Algae powered Microbial Desalination Cells

Abstract. Microbial Fuel cells (MFCs) can be used to generate bioenergy in the form of electricity using microorganisms and natural biological processes. The need for a supply of fresh water in many parts of the world has led to the innovation of modifying an MFC into a Microbial Desalination Cell (MDC) that adds the function of desalination to the MFC’s existing ability to generate electricity directly from cellulosic feedstocks. The goal of this project was to design and analyze the use of MDCs for the generation of electricity while simultaneously desalinating saline water. Potential applications include desalinating seawater for coastal drinking water supplies or ocean-going shipboard water supplies, and decontaminating oil shale hydraulic fracturing wastewaters. The newly designed MDC incorporates marine algae Nanochloropsis Salina in the MDC’s cathodic chamber to harvest solar energy and maintain a fresh supply of oxygen to the cathode electrode. The anodic chamber incorporates the use of enriched cellulose degrading rumen microbial consortium. This system, which was operated in a fed batch mode, included a central desalination chamber with 35 parts per thousand of saline water. The fully functional MDC had the salt removal efficiency of 100% and the maximum power density of 35.73 µW/m2.
Natural killer cells and their precursors in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency.

Natural Killer (NK) cells are capable of lysing tumor cells and virally infected cells and of regulating immune responses in the absence of apparent sensitization (Trinchieri, 1989). The precise relationship of NK cells to other lympho-hemopoietic cells is uncertain. Previous studies have failed to provide definitive evidence of NK cell lineage, since NK activity has been ascribed to a variety of cell types, including pre-T cells, basophils, and promonocytes. Indeed it could be argued that NK cells do not represent a homogeneous population with a distinct lineage. However, several recent studies have documented that NK killing by freshly isolated murine spleen cells is mediated by a morphologically homogeneous population (Hackett, et al. 196a) that has a characteristic phenotypic profile. Murine NK cells are NK-1.1+ /NK2.1+, Qa-5+, Thy-1±, AsGM-1+, CD4−, CD8−, CD3−, Jlld−, and IL-2R alpha (p55)−.
Response and oligoclonal resistance to pembrolizumab in uterine leiomyosarcoma: Genomic, neoantigen, and immunohistochemical evaluation.

11043Background: Predictive biomarkers for response and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade targeting programmed death 1 (PD-1) are incompletely characterized, and the utility of anti-PD-1 the...
Economic Abundance: An Introduction

This book provides a valuable introduction to an alternative view of economics. As such, it serves as an essential antidote to the neoclassical paradigm that dominates economic curriculums in the W...
Synthesis and Spectroscopic and Cellular Properties of Near-IR [a]Phenanthrene-Fused 4,4-Difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacenes

A new synthetic method to build aryl-fused 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacenes (BODIPYs) is reported. The intramolecular cyclization step was completed in a short time (1–2 h) and in high yields (>90%), due to the intrinsic rigid structural conformation of the precursor BODIPY and the high reactivity of its 1,7-bromo groups. The [a]phenanthrene-fused BODIPYs 4a–c were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, HRMS, DFT calculations, and, in the case of 4a, by X-ray crystallography. Spectroscopic studies show that 4a–c strongly absorb and emit in the NIR spectral region, in the range 642–701 nm. In addition, BODIPYs 4b and 4c exhibit no toxicity in the light or dark in HEp2 cells and accumulate intracellularly in a time-dependent manner, mainly in the cell endoplasmic reticulum. These results suggest the potential use of [a]phenanthrene-fused BODIPYs as NIR bioimaging probes.
Reconsidering governmental effects of grassland science and policy in China

This article explores why local pastoral land use arrangements in northwestern China differ from national level grassland policy objectives and initiatives. Drawing on the local particularities of fieldwork in a Chinese ethnic minority region, I argue that the land use arrangements which resulted from the implementation of decollectivization and new grassland management policies represent both an engagement of the minority area by the central government, but also a way that the residents of one locality have engaged the state in culturally specific ways. Applying contemporary theory in the ethnography of the state (Das and Poole 2004, Mitchell 1989; 1999; 2000, Taussig 1996) and the anthropology of development (Li 1999, Moore 2005) to data from recent ethnographic fieldwork, this article reflects upon how documents and practices as well as ideas of grassland policy make possible certain kinds of political symbols which render invisible to the central government local interests and resource conflicts, and thus, a narrative of a seemingly coherent, consistent, and organized state. Key Words: China, grassland policy, ethnic minority, decollectivization
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Implications for Patients With Lung Cancer

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common smoking-related illness. COPD often is underemphasized as a comorbidity except when considering issues surrounding surgical treatment options. Objectives This article aims to provide nurses with an overview of the pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment implications of COPD. Methods Definitions, differentials, and treatment considerations are provided, and clinical implications and resources are described. Findings The added burden of dyspnea, fatigue, and psychological distress related to COPD may affect the overall outcome and quality of life (QOL) of patients with lung cancer. Attention to the prevention, assessment, and treatment of lung cancer and COPD and related symptomatology will help maximize patients' QOL.
Active polarimeter optical system laser hazard analysis.

A laser hazard analysis was performed for the SNL Active Polarimeter Optical System based on the ANSI Standard Z136.1-2000, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers and the ANSI Standard Z136.6-2000, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers Outdoors. The Active Polarimeter Optical System (APOS) uses a pulsed, near-infrared, chromium doped lithium strontium aluminum fluoride (Cr:LiSAF) crystal laser in conjunction with a holographic diffuser and lens to illuminate a scene of interest. The APOS is intended for outdoor operations. The system is mounted on a height adjustable platform (6 feet to 40 feet) and sits atop a tripod that points the beam downward. The beam can be pointed from nadir to as much as 60 degrees off of nadir producing an illuminating spot geometry that can vary from circular (at nadir) to elliptical in shape (off of nadir). The JP Innovations crystal Cr:LiSAF laser parameters are presented in section II. The illuminating laser spot size is variable and can be adjusted by adjusting the separation distance between the lens and the holographic diffuser. The system is adjusted while platform is at the lowest level. The laser spot is adjusted for a particular spot size at a particular distancemore » (elevation) from the laser by adjusting the separation distance (d{sub diffuser}) to predetermined values. The downward pointing angle is also adjusted before the platform is raised to the selected operation elevation.« less
Isoenergy density theory: exchange of surface and volume energy

Fracture mechanics grew out of the need for a better understanding of how to control material and structure failure behavior after World War II. Notwithstanding the progress that has already been made in the past two decades, the fundamentals of the fracture process remain fragmented due to the lack of a generel theory. The performance limits and reliability objectives dealing with the application of advanced materials and structures have altered considerably in recent times and call for a quantitative and consistent assessment of the material damage process that involves changes at the atomic, microscopic and macroscopic scale level. These changes though reflect a complex dependence on the material microstructure; they continue to be elusive if the combined interaction of space/time/temperature is not considered. Past methodologies [1, 2, 3] that relied on a single-parameter characterization would no longer be adequate for situations where the failure modes are more complex.
TRPA1 channel contributes to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Although transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) activation is known to mediate increased blood flow, edema, and pain reception, its role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is u...
Finding the "Sweet Spot" for C2 Root Transection in C1 Lateral Mass Exposure.

Background Atlantoaxial fusion often requires C2 nerve transection for complete C1 lateral mass exposure. Nerve transection is made ideally at the preganglionic segment proximal to the dorsal root ganglion to minimize the risk of postoperative dysesthesias. If the nerve is transected too proximally, cerebrospinal fluid leak may be encountered by violation of the dura and arachnoid where the sensory and motor nerve rootlets exit the subarachnoid space. In this study we aimed to quantify the length of the C2 nerve preganglionic segment using cadaveric specimens and develop a method for reliable intraoperative localization for sectioning during C1-2 arthrodesis. Methods Using microsurgical techniques, 16 C2 nerves from 8 frozen and injected cadaveric cervical spine specimens were dissected. Two key measurements were taken to establish a reliable method of preganglionic segment identification. The “sweet spot” for nerve transection was based on the approximate location of the midpoint of the preganglionic segment. Results The final determination of the ideal spot for C2 nerve transection using these calculations was 3 mm lateral to the medial border of the lateral mass. Conclusions This anatomic study found remarkable consistency in the preganglionic segment length. The medial border of the lateral mass appeared to be a consistently reliable landmark for identification of the preganglionic segment of the C2 nerve root. By using relationships between known anatomic structures intraoperatively, safety of atlantoaxial fixation can be optimized to maximize complication avoidance and satisfactory patient outcomes.
Progress in Chronic Disease: Self-management for Patients With Epilepsy

In their systematic review, Luedke and colleagues examined evidence for the efficacy of self-management programs for patients with epilepsy. The editorialist discusses the findings, and hopes that ...
ROADS: Randomization for Obstacle Avoidance and Driving in Simulation

End-to-end deep learning has emerged as a simple and promising approach for autonomous driving recently. However, collecting large-scale real-world data representing the full spectrum of road scenarios and rare events remains the main hurdle in this area. For this purpose, this paper addresses the problem of end-to-end collision-free deep driving using only simulation data. It extends the idea of domain randomization to bridge the reality gap between simulation and the real world. Using a range of domain randomization flavors in a primitive simulation, it is shown that a model can learn to drive in realistic environments without seeing any real or photo-realistic images. The proposed work dramatically reduces the need for collecting large real-world or high-fidelity simulated datasets, along with allowing for the creation of rare events in the simulation. Finally, this is the first time domain randomization is used for the application of "deep driving" which can avoid obstacles. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated with extensive experiments on both simulation and real-world datasets.
Just another crappy commentary: the future of fecal microbiota transplantation.

The journey through life is laden with ironies.Table 1. Proposed indications for FMT based on a search of Clinicaltrials.gov.Acute myeloid leukemiaAlcoholic hepatitisAmyotrophic lateral sclerosisAn...
Facile Background Discrimination in Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy Using a Dual-Frequency Raman Pump Technique.

Femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) is a useful technique for uncovering chemical reaction dynamics by acquiring high-resolution Raman spectra with ultrafast time resolution. However, in FSRS, it can be challenging to discern Raman features from signals arising from transient absorption and other four-wave mixing pathways. To overcome this difficulty, we combine the principles of shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy with a simple fixed frequency comb to perform dual-frequency Raman pump FSRS. Through the addition of only two mirrors and a slit to the standard FSRS setup, this method provides Raman spectra at two different excitation wavelengths that can be processed by an automated algorithm to reconstruct the Raman spectrum. Here, we demonstrate the utility of dual-frequency Raman pump FSRS to easily identify Raman signatures by visual inspection for excited-state and ground-state spectra, both on- and off-resonance. We show that previously assigned short-lived vibrations of phot...
Indoor 3D Localization with Low-Cost LiFi Components

Indoor positioning or localization is an enabling technology expected to have a profound impact on mobile applications. Various modalities of radio frequency, ultrasound, and light can be used for localization; in this paper we consider how visible light positioning can be realized for 3D positioning as a service comprised of optical sources as part of an overarching lighting infrastructure. Our approach, called Ray-Surface Positioning, uses one or more overhead luminaires, modulated as LiFi, and is used in conjunction with a steerable laser to realize position estimates in three dimensions. In this paper, we build and demonstrate Ray-Surface Positioning using low-cost commodity components in a test apparatus representing one quadrant of a $4\mathrm{m}\times\ 4\mathrm{m}\times\ 1\mathrm{m}$ volume. Data are collected at regular intervals in the test volume representing 3D position estimates and is validated using a motion capture system. For the low-cost components used, results show position estimate errors of less than 30cm for 95% of the test volume. These results, generated with commodity components, show the potential for 3D positioning in the general case. When the plane of the receiver is known a priori, the position estimate error diminishes to the resolution of the steering mechanism.
Treatment for occult breast cancer: A propensity score analysis of the National Cancer Database.

Abstract Background Controversy exists regarding optimal treatment of occult breast cancer (OBC). Treatment options include mastectomy alone (MAST), radiation alone (XRT), or mastectomy with radiation (MXRT). Methods We queried the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2014 for patients with OBC who underwent MAST, XRT, or MXRT. We utilized propensity score matching to perform three head-to-head comparisons. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to compare overall survival (OS). Results A total of 190 patients received XRT, 237 received MAST, and 244 received MXRT. In the MXRT vs. XRT comparison, 5-year OS was 78.2% and 82.8%, respectively. In the MXRT vs. MAST comparison, 5-year OS was 81.5% and 86.7%, respectively. In the MAST vs. XRT comparison, 5-year OS was 83.2% and 82.5%, respectively. There was no difference in OS for all paired comparisons. Conclusions There were no OS differences in patients undergoing MAST, XRT, or MXRT, suggesting that breast conservation can be considered in patients with OBC.
Rodrigues, Cecília Paiva Ximenes. Além da ruína: articulações da esperança na narrativa de Milton Hatoum. U Federal do Ceará, 2018

O livro de Rodrigues apresenta uma nova interpretacao a qual confere um novo sentido a obra de Milton Hatoum. Testemunhando a perspectiva critica da obra hatoumiana assente em conceitos relacionados com a ruptura regional e nacional agregada aos individuos representados, o ângulo da interpretacao de Rodrigues estabelece uma interpretacao singular acerca da ideia de dualidade nao como par binomio em oposicao, mas como par binomio que se complementa.
Biogeographic variation in resistance of the invasive plant, Alliaria petiolata, to a powdery mildew fungus and effect of resistance on competitive dynamics

Garlic mustard is an invasive Eurasian biennial that has spread throughout the eastern United States and southern Canada. Populations of this plant vary in their susceptibility to Erysiphe cruciferarum, a causal agent of powdery mildew disease in Brassicaceous plants. We examined whether there were biogeographic patterns in the distribution of resistance in invasive North American and native European populations of this plant. We grew plants from 78 invasive and 20 native populations and screened them for powdery mildew resistance in the greenhouse. We found that populations were mostly monomorphic for either resistance or susceptibility but that some polymorphic populations were found from both continents. The proportion of populations showing resistance versus susceptibility was similar in both Europe and North America. Within continents, the spatial distribution of resistant and susceptible populations did not deviate significantly from random. We also examined whether the possession of the resistance trait alter intraspecific competitive dynamics. In two trials, we competed plants from resistant and susceptible populations in a target-neighbor design in the presence and absence of powdery mildew inoculum and examined the growth of the target plant. Target plants from resistant populations were overall larger than target plants from susceptible populations. Target plants were overall larger when grown in competition with susceptible neighbors. Further, resistant target plants showed a greater degree of release from competition when grown with a susceptible neighbor versus a resistant neighbor than the degree of release shown by susceptible target plants. This suggests a benefit of possessing the resistance trait with little apparent costs which should promote selection for this trait within plant populations.
Neurological Deficit After Neuraxial Analgesia for Labor and Vaginal Delivery

The next day when the anesthesiologist visits the patient on post-delivery rounds (L-1), she complains of trouble with her right foot. Neurological examination reveals weakness in dorsiflexion of the foot (foot drop) and numbness in the great toe. The rest of her neurological exam is normal—specifically, she denies trouble with urination or defecation and any other numbness or weakness in the lower extremities. She is concerned that the epidural may have caused the problem and wants to know if it will get better (L-2).
Cancer risk following lymphoid malignancies among HIV-infected people.

Objective(s) HIV-infected people have increased cancer risk. Lymphoma survivors have an increased risk of certain second primary cancers in the general population, but second cancer risk among HIV-infected people is poorly understood. Herein, we characterized the risk of cancers following lymphoid malignancies among HIV-infected people. Design Population-based linkage of HIV and cancer registries. Methods We used data from the US HIV/AIDS Cancer Match Study (1996-2015) and evaluated the risk of first nonlymphoid malignancy in Cox regression models, with first lymphoid malignancy diagnosis as a time-dependent variable. Results Among 531 460 HIV-infected people included in our study, 6513 first lymphoid and 18 944 first nonlymphoid malignancies were diagnosed. Risk of nonlymphoid cancer following a lymphoid malignancy was increased overall [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 2.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.3--3.2], and specifically for cancers of the oral cavity (aHR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.2-5.5), colon (2.4; 1.1-5.0), rectum (3.6; 1.9-6.7), anus (3.6; 2.5-5.1), liver (2.0; 1.2-3.5), lung (1.6; 1.1-2.4), vagina/vulva (6.1; 2.3-16.3), and central nervous system (5.0; 1.6-15.6), Kaposi sarcoma (4.6; 3.4-6.2), and myeloid malignancies (9.7; 6.1-15.4). After additional adjustment for prior AIDS diagnosis and time since HIV diagnosis, aHRs were attenuated overall (aHR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.5-2.0) and remained significant for cancers of the rectum, anus, and vagina/vulva, Kaposi sarcoma, and myeloid malignancies. Conclusion HIV-infected people with lymphoid malignancies have an increased risk of subsequent non-lymphoid cancers. As risks remained significant after adjustment for time since HIV diagnosis and prior AIDS diagnosis, it suggests that immunosuppression may explain some, but not all, of these risks.
Fly Roller: Development of an Instrument to Exercise Fruit Flies

Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) are a widely studied model species for addressing basic and applied biological questions, including the obesity epidemic (Hardy, Physiology and genetics of starvation-selected \( \hbar \). Las Vegas: Digital Scholarship@UNLV, 2016). Biologists investigate the effects of obesity through studying the physiology and behavior of normal and obese flies in response to exercise, diet, and other experimental conditions. In this paper, we propose an instrument, called “Fly Roller”, for exercising flies in biological experiments with or without measurement of metabolic rate. Fly Roller comprises two parts: a roller mechanism and a controller circuit. The roller mechanism supports and slowly rotates a plastic tube containing fruit flies, which reflexively walk along the inner wall of the tube. When metabolic measurements are desired, a gas analyzer can be coupled to a modified tube design with air valves at the ends of the tube, allowing the air lines to remain stationary in low-friction bearings while the tube containing the flies is rotated.
Continuous wave quantum cascade lasers with 5.6 W output power at room temperature and 41% wall-plug efficiency in cryogenic operation

In this paper, we report a post-polishing technique to achieve nearly complete surface planarization for the buried ridge regrowth processing of quantum cascade lasers. The planarized device geometry improves the thermal conduction and reliability and, most importantly, enhances the power and efficiency in continuous wave operation. With this technique, we demonstrate a high continuous wave wall-plug efficiency of an InP-based quantum cascade laser reaching ∼41% with an output power of ∼12 W from a single facet operating at liquid nitrogen temperature. At room temperature, the continuous wave output power exceeds the previous record, reaching ∼5.6 W.
Timing Signatures of the Internal-Shock Model for Blazars

We investigate the spectral and timing signatures of the internal-shock model for blazars. For this purpose, we develop a semi-analytical model for the time-dependent radiative output from internal shocks arising from colliding relativistic shells in a blazar jet. The emission through synchrotron and synchrotron-self Compton radiation as well as Comptonization of an isotropic external radiation field are taken into account. We evaluate the discrete correlation function (DCF) of the model light curves in order to evaluate features of photon-energy-dependent time lags and the quality of the correlation, represented by the peak value of the DCF. The almost completely analytic nature of our approach allows us to study in detail the influence of various model parameters on the resulting spectral and timing features. This paper focuses on a range of parameters in which the γ-ray production is dominated by Comptonization of external radiation, most likely appropriate for γ-ray bright flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) or low-frequency peaked BL Lac objects (LBLs). In most cases relevant for FSRQs and LBLs, the variability of the optical emission is highly correlated with the X-ray and high-energy (HE: > 100 MeV) γ-ray emission. Our baseline model predicts a lead of the optical variability with respect to the higher-energy bands by 1-2 hr and of the HE γ-rays before the X-rays by about 1 hr. We show that variations of certain parameters may lead to changing signs of inter-band time lags, potentially explaining the lack of persistent trends of time lags in most blazars.
Properties of erythromycin-loaded polymeric dicalcium phosphate dehydrate (P-DCPD) bone graft substitute

A self-setting, injectable polymeric dicalcium phosphate dehydrate bone graft substitute that is mechanically strong and has excellent cohesion was developed. We assessed the performance of erythromycin-loaded polymeric dicalcium phosphate dehydrate cement. Its properties include drug release, growth inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and biocompatibility with osteoblastic MC3T3 cells. The impact of erythromycin loading on cement injectability, setting time and mechanical strength were also evaluated. A sustained, low burst release of erythromycin was observed. Eluents collected from erythromycin-loaded cement showed a considerable zone of inhibition for up to 28 days. Direct contact of erythromycin-loaded cement discs with agar plate showed a similarly sizable zone of inhibition for up to 22 days. Degraded ceramic residues had strong zones of inhibition as well. While the erythromycin-loaded cement was injectable, a notable delay of the setting time was observed (49.2±6.8 min) as compared to control (drug-free cement, 12.2±2.6 min). A slight increase in compressive strength (60.83±6.28 MPa) was observed in erythromycin-loaded cement as compared to control (59.41±6.48 MPa). Erythromycin-loaded cement was biocompatible although reduced cell growth was observed in the presence of the cement eluent. We propose that the bactericidal efficacy of erythromycin-loaded cement was caused by the combined effects of erythromycin released and exposed on the contact surface of degrading ceramics. Our data may elucidate the future application of polymeric dicalcium phosphate dehydrate bone graft substitute for the treatment of orthopaedic infections and opportunities to use other antibiotics and applications considering its comparable handling and mechanical strength to poly (methyl methacrylate) cements. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Needs and Perspectives of Cancer Center Stakeholders for Access to Patient Values in the Electronic Health Record

PURPOSE:High-quality cancer care must incorporate patients' personal values in decision making throughout illness. Unfortunately, patient values are neither consistently elicited nor easily accessi...
Be My Safe Haven: Parent-Child Relationships and Emotional Health During COVID-19.

Objective Since March 2020, millions of children have been confined to their homes and restricted from in-person activities, radically changing the dynamics of parent-child relationships. This study examines the association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) impact and the mental health of parents and school-aged children; specifically, whether qualities of the parent-child relationship moderated the relationship between parents' emotional health (EH) and children's emotional and behavioral health (EBH). Methods Data from this Internet-based study of a community sample were collected in March-May 2020. Parents (N = 158, 92.4% White, 96.2% female) reported on COVID-19 impacts, their own EH, perceptions of their relationship with their eldest child between 6 and 12 years-old, and the EBH of that child. Results Responses to questions about COVID-19 impact were assigned weighted values and used to create a COVID-19 impact scale. Hierarchical linear regressions revealed that greater COVID-19 impact was associated with greater parents' EH issues only, and parents' EH was a significant positive predictor of children's EBH. Positive qualities and conflict in the parent-child relationship moderated the link between parents' and children's EH. At higher levels of relationship conflict and lower levels of positivity, there were stronger positive associations between parents' and children's EH. Parent-child relationship quality did not moderate the association between parents' EH and children's behavioral health (BH). Conclusions These cross-sectional study results suggest that beyond focusing on symptom management, families may benefit from supports targeting the parent-child relationship. Insights and implications for practitioners are discussed.
Originalism, Popular Sovereignty and Reverse State Decisis

Although all theories of constitutional interpretation must confront the issue of stare decisis, the interpretive theory of originalism has generated particular attention given the potential for radical discontinuity between original meaning and current constitutional jurisprudence. This potential discontinuity creates a crisis of legitimacy for originalists, for it forces one to choose between interpretive (original meaning) and formalist (rule of law) legitimacy. In fact, all interpretive methods must confront the tension that arises when precedent and "proper" interpretation diverge. Resolving the tension requires a normative theory that allows one to weigh the costs of interpretive error against the benefits of following precedent. Presumably, as the costs of interpretive error increase, the less likely the benefits of stare decisis will overcome the incentive to overrule the case. Accordingly, one's ultimate theory of stare decisis necessarily reflects the normative commitments underlying one's particular interpretive approach. In this article, I address the most common (and most influential) justification for originalism: popular sovereignty and the judicially enforced will of the people. Popular sovereignty both reflects and builds upon the normative theory of democratic rule - government by the majoritarian consent of the governed. The costs of judicial error under this approach waxes and wanes depending on the degree of departure from the people's will and the constraints placed on the ability of political majorities to respond to the court's error. The greater the intrusion into the democratic process, the greater the costs of judicial error and, accordingly, the greater the need for "weightier" pragmatic arguments if precedent is to control. Judicial errors that leave an issue under the control of political majorities generally impose such low costs in terms of constitutional legitimacy that the pragmatic considerations of stare decisis may come to the fore. On the other hand, judicial errors that completely remove a matter from majoritarian politics impose such high costs in terms of constitutional legitimacy that they ought to be treated as presumptively in need of overturning - a presumption I refer to as reverse stare decisis. Allowing majoritarian politics to play a role in determining the strength of prior precedent is not a new idea: it was first suggested by James Madison, one of the authors of the Constitution and a committed popular sovereigntist.
Topic-driven multi-type citation network analysis

In every scientific field, automated citation analysis enables the estimation of importance or reputation of publications and authors. In this paper, we focus on the task of ranking authors. Although previous work has used content-based approaches or citation network link analyses, the combination of the two with topical link analyses is unexplored. Moreover, previous citation analysis applications are typically limited to a graph based on author citations, or a bipartite graph based on author and paper citations. We present in this paper a novel integrated probabilistic model which combines a content-based approach with a multi-type citation network which integrates citations among papers, authors, affiliations and publishing venues in a single model. We further introduce the application of Topical PageRank into citation network link analysis due to the fact that researchers may be experts in different scientific domains. Finally, we describe a heterogenous link analysis of the citation network, exploring the impact of weighting various factors. Comparative experimental results based on data extracted from the ACM digital library show that 1) the multi-type citation graph works better than citation graphs integrating fewer types of entities, 2) the use of Topical PageRank can further improve performance, and 3) Heterogenous PageRank with parameter tuning can work even better than Topical PageRank.