cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On standardized network topologies for network research

Simulation has become the evaluation method of choice for many areas of computer networking research. When designing new or revised transport protocols, queuing methods, routing protocols, (just to name a few), a common approach is to create a simulation of a small to moderate scale topology and measure the performance of the new methodology as compared to existing methods. We demonstrate that simulation results using this approach can lead to very misleading, and even incorrect, results. The interaction between the large number of variables in these simulations can lead to results that vary widely from between different simulation topologies. We give empirical evidence showing different conclusions when the same comparisons are done using differing topologies. We argue the need for a standardized taxonomy of simulation topologies that capture a significant and realistic range of values for the various variables that impact the performance of a simulated network.
System design and analysis of a web-based application for sensor network data integration and real-time presentation

The design of wireless sensor network applications is an emerging area of research. The volume of data collected by a sensor network of any type can be overwhelming and the associated challenges of application processing and presentation are significant. The design of a wireless network sensor information and identification system (WiNS Id) database which archives the data reported by distributed sensors is outlined here, as well as the implemented support for queries and data presentation. The innovations in this research include near real-time support for data presentation and visual presentation of sensor nodes reporting in a geographical and temporal context. WiNS Id provides support for pattern identification and data mining in sensor systems.
The Impact of Turtle Excluder Devices and Fisheries Closures on Loggerhead and Kemp's Ridley Strandings in the Western Gulf of Mexico

The Sea Turtle Stranding and Salvage Network has been monitoring turtle strandings for more than 20 years in the United States. High numbers of strandings in the early to mid-1980s prompted regula- tions to require turtle excluder devices (TEDs) on shrimping vessels (trawlers). Following year-round TED implementation in 1991, however, stranding levels in the Gulf of Mexico increased. We evaluated the efficacy of TEDs and other management actions (e.g., fisheries closures) on loggerhead ( Caretta caretta ) and Kemp's ridley ( Lepidochelys kempii ) turtle populations by analyzing a long-term, stranding data set from the west- ern Gulf of Mexico. Our analyses suggest that both sea turtle population growth and shrimping activity have contributed to the observed increase in strandings. Compliance with regulations requiring turtle excluder de- vices was a significant factor in accounting for annual stranding variability: low compliance was correlated with high levels of strandings. Our projections suggest that improved compliance with TED regulations will reduce strandings to levels that, in conjunction with other protective measures, should promote population recoveries for loggerhead and Kemp's ridley turtles. Local, seasonal fisheries closures, concurrent with TED enforcement, could reduce strandings to even lower levels. A seasonal closure adjacent to a recently estab- lished Kemp's ridley nesting beach may also reduce mortality of nesting adults and thus promote long-term population persistence by fostering the establishment of a robust secondary nesting site.
Supporter of stability or agent of agitation? The effect of US foreign policy on coups in Latin America, 1960—99

This article takes a two-step approach to improving our understanding of how US foreign policy signals affect the likelihood of coups in Latin America. First, a large body of qualitative literature has developed a ‘conventional wisdom’ on this subject, suggesting that pressure from the USA plays a key role in stabilizing favored leaders and destabilizing unfavored leaders. Meanwhile, quantitative scholarship analyzing coups focuses almost exclusively on intrastate factors. The first step brings these two bodies of work together by providing quantitative evidence that hostile US signals increase the likelihood of coups, while supportive signals have a stabilizing effect. The second step moves beyond the conventional wisdom by (1) reconsidering theoretical assumptions within the conventional argument and (2) identifying anomalies within the preliminary empirical analyses. These efforts reveal several factors that are likely to impact how coup plotters respond to US signals. Among these factors, empirical analyses indicate that US signals are particularly important when economic dependence on the USA increases, during the middle of a US president’s term in office, when they have moderate levels of consistency, and when they specifically mention the military. Overall, the first stage of this article provides a robust confirmation of the conventional wisdom, while the second stage moves the literature down a path that is largely unexplored by previous work.
Final design of the SLAC P2 Marx klystron modulator

The SLAC P2 Marx has been under development for two years, and follows on the P1 Marx as an alternative to the baseline klystron modulator for the International Linear Collider. The P2 Marx utilizes a redundant architecture, air-insulation, a control system with abundant diagnostic access, and a novel nested droop correction scheme. This paper is an overview of the design of this modulator.
Measuring the efficiency of search engines: an application of data envelopment analysis

This paper adopted the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to investigate the efficiency of several search engines. A query search on a search engine is modelled as a production process. The input and output vectors are defined and measured accordingly. We studied seven engines, Alta Vista, Excite, Hotbot, Lycos, Infoseek, Open Text, and WebCrawler and found that Alta Vista, Excite, Infoseek, and WebCrawler are efficient but the other three are not. Possible efficiency improvements are calculated.
Computational probes of molecular motion in the Lewis-Wahnstrom model for ortho-terphenyl.

We use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate translational and rotational diffusion in a rigid three-site model of the fragile glass former ortho-terphenyl, at 260K⩽T⩽346K and ambient pressure. An Einstein formulation of rotational motion is presented, which supplements the commonly used Debye model. The latter is shown to break down at supercooled temperatures as the mechanism of molecular reorientation changes from small random steps to large infrequent orientational jumps. We find that the model system exhibits non-Gaussian behavior in translational and rotational motion, which strengthens upon supercooling. Examination of particle mobility reveals spatially heterogeneous dynamics in translation and rotation, with a strong spatial correlation between translationally and rotationally mobile particles. Application of the Einstein formalism to the analysis of translation-rotation decoupling results in a trend opposite to that seen in conventional approaches based on the Debye formalism, namely, an...
Parasites of Blackmargined Aphids and their Effect on Aphid Populations in Far-West Texas

One primary parasite, Aphelinus perpallidus (Gahan), and five previously unreported secondary (suspected) parasites, Alloxysta schlingeri (Andrews), Aphidencyrtus spp., Chartocerus spp., Dendrocerus spp., and Pachyneuron spp., were identified from black margined aphids, Monellia caryella (Fitch) (Homoptera: Aphididae), in far-west Texas pecan orchards. Aphelinus perpallidus was found in significant numbers, but populations varied greatly among orchards. During most of the growing season, less than 6% of collected M. caryella specimens were parasitized by A. perpallidus , but up to 52% were parasitized in one orchard in October. Other species parasitized <1% of M. caryella populations.
Improving Ion Fluorescence Collection by Integrating High Numerical Aperture Spherical Mirror into Ion Trap

We integrated a high N.A. spherical mirror into a Paul trap and improved its image by special aspheric correctors. We designed a trap based on metallic spherical mirror which greatly increases the ion-photon/ion-ion entanglement efficiency.
Modeled regional airway deposition of inhaled particles in athletes at exertion

There is a paucity of data regarding mechanisms and effects of inhaled environmental particulate matter on athletic performance. To formulate a framework on which future studies may be developed relating regional airway deposition to subsequent performance in athletes, modeling is indicated. Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry (MPPD) computer modeling was utilized to predict the deposition of inhaled particles in 26 male athletes at increasing levels of exertion. Deposition doses of inhaled spherical, monodisperse particles of unit density (1 g/cm3) measuring 0.05, 0.1, 1.0, 2.5, and 10.0 μm in diameter were calculated. Repeated measures ANOVA testing was used to test for differences in total and regional (naso-oro-pharyngo-laryngeal, tracheobronchial, and pulmonary) airway deposition at exertion. Increasing exertion revealed statistically significant effects (p<0.01) on deposition of all particle sizes in all airway regions. Overall total airway modeled deposition dose of all particle diameters increased as expected with increasing minute ventilation. Pulmonary deposition dose at exertion tapered off and decreased in the case of larger particles (2.5 and 10.0 μm), indicating that deposited doses in the pulmonary region (deep lung) may be reduced by greater deposition in larger airways at higher levels of exertion, depending on particle aerodynamic diameter. To assess the impact of inhaled particulate matter on athletic performance, understanding regional deposition and subsequent physiologic impacts are critical steps. Future studies should focus on modeling realistic exposures and performing studies to elucidate mechanisms of injury in both bronchial and pulmonary airways that might impact performance.
Risk factors and prevention strategies on febrile convulsion happened at first time in children

Objective To analyze the risk factors in children with first febrile seizures and submit the prevention strategies.Methods Questionnaires were designed for collecting the history and clinical manifestation in both the FC group and the age-matched control group and the bone alkaline phosphatase(BALP) was detected in every individual in the disease group.χ2 test was used in the study when the rates was compared.Results A total of 256 cases with febrile seizures were enrolled and the rates of individuals not more than 1 year old,between 1 to three years and more than 3 years old were 21.5%,57.0% and 21.5% respectively.Convulsions were happened within 24 hours of fever duration in 78.6% cases and 65.2% were happen in summer and autumn.There were 78.5% and 18.0% of the FC cases suffered from respiratory tract and digestion tract infection respectively.More individuals with seizure family history,high BALP,and higher temperature than 39.1℃ were found in the case group when compared with the control group.Conclusion The FC family history,ages from 6 months to 3 years,in summer or autumn,temperatures more than 39.1℃,fever within 24 duration and absence of calcium are risk factors bring out FC in children.Abatement of fever and calming down the children with mentioned factors patient are effective ways to prevent FC occurring in children.
Study on integration of QTLs related to amylose content of rice

Amylose content of rice was an important index for rice breeding.A total of 141 QTL information related to amylose content of rice from 34 mapping populations were collected.These QTLs and their common markers were integrated with the reference map Cornell 2001 by Biomercator 2.1.The real QTLs were calculated by the method of meta-analysis.Moreover,a consensus map of rice QTLs conferring amylose content was constructed.Totally,30 real QTLs and their linked markers were found from 1,2,3,6,7,8,9,and 10 chromosomes.This research offers a basis for fine mapping,mapbased cloning and marker-assisted breeding of rice quality breeding.
Investigation on Water Quality of Drinking Water Safety Engineering in Rural Area of Zhucheng City

[Objective]To understand the water quality of centralized water safety engineering in Zhucheng city,so as to ensure the safety of rural drinking water.[Methods]From April to August 2008,33 sites of rural safety engineering of centralized water supply in this city were investigated,and the water was sampled and tested for quality in dry season and wet season according to" standard examination methods of drinking water"(GB/T5750-2006).The evaluation was based on "sanitary standard of drinking water"(B5749-2006).[Results]A total of 132 samples were collected,77 samples were qualified,the total qualified rate was 58.3%.Among which the water qualified rate in dry season and wet season was72.7% and 50.0% respectively,the difference was significant(χ2=11.3,P0.01).The over standard rate of sensory characteristics and general chemical parameters in the 2 seasons was 15.1% and 12.1% respectively;that of bacteriological indicators was 19.7% and 56.1%,the difference was significant(χ2=18.5,P0.01);no water sample exceeded the standard of toxicology index.The water qualified rate with different sterilization methods in the 2 periods was 67.9% and 33.9% respectively;the difference was significant(χ2=12.9,P0.01).[Conclusion]The water quality state of the rural centralized water supply in this city is not optimistic.Health supervision departments should strengthen the daily sanitary supervision of the centralized water supply points.Disease control department should strengthen the technological guidance and routine test.And the long-efficiency mechanism of water quality detection and serve should be established to ensure the water safety of the rural centralized water supply.
Study on Apoptosis Induced by Hydroquinone and Its Mechanism

Objective To explore the apoptosis and oxidative damage induced by hydroquinone(HQ)on V79 cells in vitro.Methods Apoptosis was evaluated by AO/EB double labeling method.DCFH-DA assay was used to detect the ROS contents caused by various concentration of HQ in V79 cells.Results As showed in the AO/EB double labeling method,apoptosis in V79 cell could be induced obviously by HQ showing concentration-dependent relationship between HQ and apoptosis.The DCFH-DA assay showed that the ROS contents increased with the concentration increase in four concentrations,the differences were significant(P0.01).The ROS contents in 0.5 h group were higher than that of 1h group,the differences were significant(P0.01).Conclusions In vitro,apoptosis could be induced and ROS was generated in V79 cell by HQ,both of which show concentration-dependent relationship.The ROS is generated mainly within 0.5 h.
Mia40 Protein Serves as an Electron Sink in the Mia40-Erv1 Import Pathway

A redox-regulated import pathway consisting of Mia40 and Erv1 mediates the import of cysteine-rich proteins into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Mia40 is the oxidoreductase that inserts two disulfide bonds into the substrate simultaneously. However, Mia40 has one redox-active cysteine pair, resulting in ambiguity about how Mia40 accepts numerous electrons during substrate oxidation. In this study, we have addressed the oxidation of Tim13 in vitro and in organello. Reductants such as glutathione and ascorbate inhibited both the oxidation of the substrate Tim13 in vitro and the import of Tim13 and Cmc1 into isolated mitochondria. In addition, a ternary complex consisting of Erv1, Mia40, and substrate, linked by disulfide bonds, was not detected in vitro. Instead, Mia40 accepted six electrons from substrates, and this fully reduced Mia40 was sensitive to protease, indicative of conformational changes in the structure. Mia40 in mitochondria from the erv1–101 mutant was also trapped in a completely reduced state, demonstrating that Mia40 can accept up to six electrons as substrates are imported. Therefore, these studies support that Mia40 functions as an electron sink to facilitate the insertion of two disulfide bonds into substrates.
Lost in translation: Building a common language for regulating autonomous weapons

Autonomous weapons systems (AWS) are already here. Although some of the colloquial names for AWS may suggest science fiction (killer robots, terminators, and cyborg assassins), these systems are anything but fiction. Since the 1970s the U.S. Navy's "Phalanx" Close-In Weapon System has been capable of "autonomously performing its own search, detect, evaluation, track, engage and kill assessment functions" against high-speed threats such as missiles, ships, aircraft, and helicopters. Not limited to the U.S., Germany has developed a similar land vehicle defense system, the Active Vehicle Protection System, which has a reaction time of less than 400 ms when launching fragmentation grenades against incoming missiles.
White Americans' opposition to racial policies : Where are the political explanations ?

L'A. etudie les attitudes des americains blancs vis-a-vis des politiques en faveur des noirs. Il porte son attention sur les analyses de S. A. Tuch et M. Hughes en ce domaine. Il analyse, a partir des travaux de ces deux chercheurs les raisons politiques qui favorisent une attitude positive vis-a-vis de ce type de programme. Il estime que le modele developpe par Tuch et Hughes ne permet pas de distinguer attitude positive liee a un interet personnel et attitude inspiree par un souci d'equite
A Case of Bariatric Surgery-related Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome with Persisting Anterograde Amnesia.

Objective To describe the theoretical and clinical implications of the neuropsychological evaluation of a case of bariatric surgery-related Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Method The patient was a 37-year old, female, bilingual, bachelor's degree educated, Mexican American public relations consultant without preexisting psychiatric, neurological, or substance abuse history. Recovery from laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy surgery for morbid obesity was complicated by intraabdominal abscess, multibacterial infection, and prolonged nausea and vomiting. About 15 weeks post-surgery she was diagnosed with Wernicke's encephalopathy. She had a positive response to thiamine supplement but was left with persisting self-reported memory problems that were confirmed by family members. Multiple neuroimaging studies were all normal. Results A neuropsychological evaluation at 14 months post-surgery revealed anterograde amnesia for verbal and visual-perceptual material. There was no clear period of temporally graded retrograde amnesia. Scores on tests of visual-perceptual, language, fine motor, and executive functions were unimpaired. She had awareness of her neurocognitive impairment, but did not exhibit emotional distress. Follow-up neuropsychological evaluation at 17 months showed a similar neurocognitive profile with increased emotional distress. Conclusions Her preserved executive functioning is theoretically important as it supports arguments that such impairment in alcohol use-related Korsakoff syndrome derives from the toxic effects of the prolonged misuse of alcohol and not vitamin deficiency. From a clinical perspective, neuropsychological evaluation of thiamine treated, bariatric surgery-related, Wernicke's encephalopathy cases is indicated if there is suspicion of residual memory impairment.
Review: Self-management training in type 2 diabetes mellitus is effective in the short term

Source Citation Norris SL, Engelgau MM, Venkat Narayan KM. Effectiveness of self-management training in type 2 diabetes. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Care. 2001 Mar...
Critical Questions Regarding a New Diagnostic Technology: A Case Study Using Computerized Tomography of the Head

Controversy among neurologists, radiologists, public health planners, hospital administrators, and politicians has marked the use of computerized tomography (CT) since its inception in 1973. At one extreme, some have pointed to its high costs and unproven efficacy and say we should be concerned about its rapid diffusion and potential overuse (Office of Technology Assessment 1978 b). At the other extreme are those who have pointed to its safety, its freedom from discomfort for the patient, and its unique ability to image soft tissues as reasons for encouraging its rapid diffusion and availability to larger segments of the population (Baker 1975). Both extremes have highlighted three key questions that must be asked of any new technology; (1) Is it more efficacious than existing alternatives? (In this case the existing alternative is radionuclide imaging). How much so? (2) Can we direct it towards those who need it the most? (Or, keep it away from those who need it least?) What tradeoffs would be involved if we were to try to be more selective in its use? (3) How much does it cost? This paper will address briefly the first two questions using data from several studies conducted in the United States.
Electric load management in spindle run-up and run-down for multi-spindle machine tools via optimal power-torque trajectories and peak load synchronization

Electrical energy consumed during machine tool spindle run-up and run-down has a non-negligible impact on overall spindle energy performance. A model-based efficiency analysis of a common spindle unit architecture, with a separate induction motor, is conducted to investigate different loss sources. The identified model is exploited to define optimized motor torque trajectories for spindle run-up/run-down, exploiting the idle time typically available on the fastest machining modules in a transfer machine tool. Study reveals that savings can be achieved, both in terms of peak power and energy losses, by adopting optimal values for the acceleration rate and power limit. To reduce power peaks at the machine level, a unit synchronization algorithm is proposed which avoids simultaneous acceleration/deceleration of multiple spindles. The overall cycle time is preserved by prioritizing the execution of the slowest processing unit. The proposed methodologies have been applied to a three spindles flexible transfer machine tool, estimating the corresponding gains in terms of energy losses and power peak reduction.
Field evaluation and break-even analysis of specialty soybeans for biodiesel and meal protein production

ABSTRACTThe economic value of a soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] crop depends on yield and quality. The objectives of this study were to evaluate soybean lines for protein and oil content and to ex...
Investments in energy efficiency. a case study

In Romania, one of the main barriers that inhibit the development of energy efficiency projects is the lack of funds. The paper analyses an energy efficiency project in which an Energy Services Company was committed to access funding in order to purchase equipment, to own, to put in service and operate the host facility. The costs, the benefits and the impact of the project are briefly described.
In-situ monitoring of woven glass fiber reinforced composites under flexural loading through embedded aligned carbon nanotube sheets

In practical situations, the flexural loading of fiber reinforced composites is one of the most common types of loading for structures. Nonetheless, carbon nanotubes, which have been used extensive...
Discerning the Body of Christ: Paul, Poverty and the Powers:

For Paul, the powers pervade all aspects of human existence. Yet attempting to trace the connection between economic arrangements and the powers in Paul’s thought is not an easy task. This article will first show how the concepts of weakness and powerlessness serve as the hinge that holds together poverty and the powers in Paul’s thought. Christ’s confrontation with the powers on the cross is possible because Christ adopted a weak and powerless state. The very same concepts of weakness and powerlessness provide Paul with the linguistic and theological resources needed to sketch his economic vision for believers. In this vision the body of Christ (crucified and gathered) becomes the space where the powers are unmasked and defeated.
Arm kinematics estimation with the harmony exoskeleton

Wearable robots can monitor various aspects of treatment progress that cannot be obtained from observation or typical motion capture devices, and they can provide precise and reliable measurements of parameters related to motion and forces. Here, we present a comparison of human arm kinematics estimated from the Harmony exoskeleton's sensors with a motion capture system. Kinematics estimated using the robot data closely matched the kinematics measured by the motion capture system, and we anticipate that, with a few improvements, Harmony will be able to estimate arm kinematics with accuracy approaching motion capture technology.
Optical Imaging of Intrinsic Signals

Optical imaging of intrinsic signals maps the brain by measuring intrinsic activity-related changes in tissue light reflectance and absorbance. These signals result from changes in local blood volume, hemoglobin oxygenation, and tissue light scattering changes that are coupled to neuronal activity. Because it offers an excellent combination of spatial sampling, spatial resolution, and temporal resolution, it is a versatile brain mapping tool that can be used alone or in combination with other brain mapping techniques to characterize neurovascular physiology, map the brain, and investigate disease in a variety of species, including rodents, primates, and humans.
Estimating the Effects of Sensor Spacing on Peak Wind Measurements at Launch Complex 39

This paper presents results of an empirical study to estimate the measurement error in the peak wind speed at Shuttle Launch Complex 39 (LC-39) which results from the measurement being made by sensors 1,300 feet away. Quality controlled data taken at a height of 30 feet from an array of sensors at the Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF) were used to model differences of peak winds as a function of separation distance and time interval. The SLF data covered wind speeds from less than ten to more than 25 knots. Winds measured at the standard LC-39 site at the normal height of 60 feet were used to verify the applicability of the model to the LC-39 situation. The error in the peak wind speed resulting from separation of the sensor from the target site obeys a power law as a function of separation distance and varies linearly with mean wind speed. At large separation distances, the error becomes a constant fraction of the mean wind speed as the separation function reaches an asymptotic value. The asymptotic average of the mean of the absolute difference in the peak wind speed between the two locations is about twelve percent of the mean wind speed. The distribution of the normalized absolute differences is half-Gaussian.
A usage-based size classification scheme for sedimentary charcoal

Terms referring to charcoal particle size classifications are inconsistent in the paleofire literature. Inconsistencies of terminology prevent effective scientific discourse and research comparability. In this paper, I use the Global Charcoal Database (GCD) to determine the relative usage of sieving size boundaries and use these metadata as a proxy for the consensus of the paleofire community. With consideration of the size classification bounds used in other fields, I propose a standardized size classification system and terminology for charcoal particles. This system consists of macroscopic (>125 μm), mesoscopic (50–125 μm), and microscopic (10–50 μm) charcoal particles and aims to unify paleofire jargon by conforming to the terminology and most commonly used size bounds in the community.
Changes in Endogenous Dopamine Induced by Methylphenidate Predict Functional Connectivity in Nonhuman Primates.

Dopamine (DA) levels in the striatum are increased by many therapeutic drugs, such as methylphenidate (MPH), which also alters behavioral and cognitive functions thought to be controlled by the prefrontal cortex (PFC) dose-dependently. We linked DA changes and functional connectivity (FC) using simultaneous [ 18 F]fallypride PET and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in awake male rhesus monkeys after oral administration of various doses of MPH. We found a negative correlation between [ 18 F]fallypride nondisplaceable binding potential (BP ND ) and MPH dose in the head of the caudate (hCd), demonstrating increased extracellular DA resulting from MPH administration. This decrease in BP ND was negatively correlated with FC between hCd and PFC. Subsequent voxel-wise analyses revealed negative correlations with FC between the hCd and the dorsolateral PFC, hippocampus, and precuneus. These results, showing that MPH-induced changes in DA levels in hCd predict resting state FC, shed light on a mechanism by which changes in striatal DA could influence function in the PFC. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Dopamine transmission is thought to play an essential role in shaping large scale-neural networks that underlie cognitive functions. It is the target of therapeutic drugs such as methylphenidate (Ritalin), which blocks the dopamine transporter, thereby increasing extracellular dopamine levels. Methylphenidate is used extensively to treat ADHD, even though its effects on cognitive functions and their underlying neural mechanisms are not well understood. To date, little is known about the link between changes in dopamine levels and changes in functional brain organization. Using simultaneous PET/MR imaging we show that methylphenidate-induced changes in endogenous dopamine levels in the head of the caudate predict changes in resting state functional connectivity between this structure and the prefrontal cortex, precuneus, and hippocampus.
Neuroblastoma of the Bone and Bone Marrow Without an Apparent Primary Site: Report of 4 Cases With Long-term Follow-up:

Children with neuroblastoma rarely present with metastatic disease without identifiable primary tumors. We describe the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of 4 patients aged 1, 7, 7, and 11 years with neuroblastoma involving bone or bone marrow without an apparent primary site. One patient presented with a periorbital bone lesion, 1 presented with a distal femoral lesion, and 2 presented with diffuse bone marrow involvement. All tumors were negative for MYCN amplification. All patients were alive without evidence of disease 5 years after completion of multimodality therapy. Patients with neuroblastoma of the bone and bone marrow without an apparent primary site may constitute a unique group characterized by older age at diagnosis, nonamplified MYCN tumors, and good response to treatment.
Fundamental Motor Skill Interventions for Children and Adolescents on the Autism Spectrum: a Literature Review

In addition to the core characteristics of ASD, recent research has demonstrated that children on the autism spectrum develop motor skills differently, often delayed, compared with peers. Motor skill interventions can help improve motor skills, which in turn can increase the likelihood of participating in physical activity (PA) and potential to build social skills. However, research in this area is limited. A search of several prominent databases revealed a total of five empirical studies focused on building gross motor skills for children on the autism spectrum. Although the reviewed studies varied in the delivery and focus of intervention, overall, the reviewed studies suggest a positive effect from any intervention for children on the autism spectrum. Further research in this area is necessary to better understand the most effective means of delivering a motor skill intervention.
Checkpoint inhibition in lymphoma

Checkpoint inhibition improves surveillance by the immune system and therefore outcomes in some lymphoma subtypes. In this review, we examine the available evidence regarding checkpoint inhibition in lymphoma by line of therapy. Although most published studies are in the setting of relapsed/refractory disease, several ongoing trials are looking at therapy in the upfront and second-line settings. Nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been approved for patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma, whereas other programmed death 1 and programmed death ligand 1 monoclonal antibodies remain under investigation as single agents or in combination. Strategies to exploit various targets along these pathways with new forms of therapy or with traditional therapies are being developed. Amplification of chromosome 9p23-24 and other biomarkers are important correlative endpoints in several studies that could further the personalization of therapy. Immune-related adverse events are frequent, and vigilance is required for their diagnosis and treatment. The use of checkpoint inhibitors before and after allogeneic transplant can yield impressive results but can also increase the risk for graft-versus-host disease, so that mitigation strategies are needed. Overall, these agents have achieved excellent response rates with durable remissions in many lymphoma subtypes. The results of ongoing trials will yield additional options for patients.
School Based Youth Participatory Action Research as a Tool for Building Community Health and Youth Leadership

Program Goals: - Partner with schools in Oakland Unified School District that have Public Health Academies to create a summer bridging program supporting the goals of increasing the number of Oakland youth graduating and pursuing health careers - Engage students in health oriented youth participatory action research resulting in original data and student created community health interventions - Improve youth leadership skills - Increase the number of youth …
Assisting Road Users Exposed to Nuisance Flooding

AbstractFlooding can severely disrupt transportation systems. In many cases, flooding only results in road closures rather than neighborhood evacuation. This paper introduces a framework that provi...
The Timing of Large Submacular Hemorrhage Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration Relative to Anti-VEGF Therapy.

Purpose To characterize the timing of large submacular hemorrhage (SMH) secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) relative to anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. Design Retrospective, consecutive case series. Participants The study included 46 eyes of 46 patients with large SMH resulting from neovascular AMD selected to undergo pars plana vitrectomy with subretinal tissue plasminogen activator at the Mid Atlantic Retina group of the Wills Eye Hospital. Methods Patient charts were reviewed to identify baseline characteristics and anti-VEGF treatment details. OCT was used to evaluate pigmented epithelial detachments, SMH, and subretinal fluid before and after SMH. Main Outcome Measures The timing of SMH in relation to last anti-VEGF injection, the anti-VEGF treatment status (i.e., naive, stable, or recently extended or shortened) at the time of SMH, and the length of the anti-VEGF treatment interval at the time of bleeding. Results Submacular hemorrhage occurred in 15 patients (36%) who were treatment naive. In patients treated with anti-VEGF, 19 (45%) had a stable treatment interval, 5 (12%) had a recently extended interval, and 3 (7%) had a shortened interval. The average treatment interval at the time of SMH was 6.8 weeks with a median of 7 total injections before SMH. Seven treated patients (26%) experience an SMH while having a 4-week dosing interval. The average time between last injection and SMH was 29 days. Forty-eight percent of patients treated with anti-VEGF agents experienced an SMH within 30 days of anti-VEGF injection. Chi-square analysis found SMH more likely to occur within 30 days of anti-VEGF injection than after 30 days. Conclusions Large SMH in neovascular AMD in a treat-and-extend regimen does not seem to be associated with prolonged dosing intervals or recent interval extension, and a large proportion of such hemorrhages are likely to be a result of mechanisms other than loss of effective VEGF inhibition.
Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among asymptomatic frontline health workers in Los Angeles County, California

Beginning April 8, 2020, we enrolled 1787 frontline heath workers who were asymptomatic for COVID-19 into a longitudinal surveillance study. During that time 4 healthcare workers and 6 first responders tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. Additionally, 43 healthcare workers and 55 first responders had detectable IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2.
Neurologic Assessment of the Neurocritical Care Patient

Sedation is a ubiquitous practice in ICUs and NCCUs. It has the benefit of reducing cerebral energy demands, but also precludes an accurate neurologic assessment. Because of this, sedation is intermittently stopped for the purposes of a neurologic assessment, which is termed a neurologic wake-up test (NWT). NWTs are considered to be the gold-standard in continued assessment of brain-injured patients under sedation. NWTs also produce an acute stress response that is accompanied by elevations in blood pressure, respiratory rate, heart rate, and ICP. Utilization of cerebral microdialysis and brain tissue oxygen monitoring in small cohorts of brain-injured patients suggests that this is not mirrored by alterations in cerebral metabolism, and seldom affects oxygenation. The hard contraindications for the NWT are preexisting intracranial hypertension, barbiturate treatment, status epilepticus, and hyperthermia. However, hemodynamic instability, sedative use for primary ICP control, and sedative use for severe agitation or respiratory distress are considered significant safety concerns. Despite ubiquitous recommendation, it is not clear if additional clinically relevant information is gleaned through its use, especially with the contemporaneous utilization of multimodality monitoring. Various monitoring modalities provide unique and pertinent information about neurologic function, however, their role in improving patient outcomes and guiding treatment plans has not been fully elucidated. There is a paucity of information pertaining to the optimal frequency of NWTs, and if it differs based on type of injury. Only one concrete recommendation was found in the literature, exemplifying the uncertainty surrounding its utility. The most common sedative used and recommended is propofol because of its rapid onset, short duration, and reduction of cerebral energy requirements. Dexmedetomidine may be employed to facilitate serial NWTs, and should always be used in the non-intubated patient or if propofol infusion syndrome (PRIS) develops. Midazolam is not recommended due to tissue accumulation and residual sedation confounding a reliable NWT. Thus, NWTs are well-tolerated in selected patients and remain recommended as the gold-standard for continued neuromonitoring. Predicated upon one expert panel, they should be performed at least one time per day. Propofol or dexmedetomidine are the main sedative choices, both enabling a rapid awakening and consistent NWT.
Abstract MP31: Early Age At Menopause And The Association With Incident Heart Failure In The Southern Community Cohort Study

Introduction: Reproductive factors might have an effect on the development of heart failure (HF). Early age at menopause has been linked with increased risk of cardiovascular disease; however, ther...
Evidence-based guidance for use of intrathecal morphine as an alternative to diamorphine for Caesarean delivery analgesia

Summary Intrathecal morphine in combination with fentanyl is an effective and safe alternative to diamorphine for Caesarean delivery analgesia. Evidence suggests minimal differences in clinical efficacy and side-effects between intrathecal morphine and diamorphine. Recommended intrathecal morphine doses for Caesarean delivery analgesia are 100–150 ug.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE GENETICS OF HETEROCYST-FORMING CYANOBACTERIA.

Heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria are of scientific interest for a number of reasons (Wolk, 1973; Stanier, Cohen-Bazire, 1977). These bacteria are among the relatively small number of organisms that are capable of nitrogen fixation under aerobic conditions. They can express this capacity even while producing oxygen by photosynthesis; their ability to fix nitrogen aerobically is dependent upon cellular differentiation, and upon intercellular interactions between their vegetative cells and the heterocysts in which fixation actually takes place; and they enter into nitrogen-fixing symbioses with a variety of eukaryotes, including fungi, liverworts, cycads, the fern, Azolla, and the angiosperm, Gunnera. The cyanobacteria, in general, have a photosynthetic apparatus that is very similar to that of eukaryotic plants. The heterocyst-forming strains that, because they can grow facultatively heterotrophic strains that, because they can grow non-photosynthetically, would be particularly well suited for genetic analysis of photosynthesis. Light-dependent modification of the array of photosynthetic pigments, so-called complementary chromatic adaptation, is observed often within this group of microorganisms. These same bacteria are among the few prokaryotes, the cells of which are capable of alternative modes of morphological and physiological differentiation, so that they may be used to inquire into possible relationships between such alternative pathways.
Catenated Organic Compounds of Silicon, Germanium, Tin, and Lead

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the catenated organic compounds of silicon, germanium tin, and lead. Far from being limited to carbon or other nonmetallic elements, catenation is now taken as a matter of course in many compounds of the transition metals. The term, catenation, is a rather imprecise one, referring to a whole collection of properties that are observed when an element forms stable bonds to itself. The chapter discusses the properties of the organic derivatives of catenated Group IVB elements. Each element from silicon to lead is also addressed. The chapter brings together the comparisons that can be made among the elements and presents the tables on germanium, tin, and lead, which contain all derivatives that have been reasonably well characterized. It also discusses the physical properties that explain that the thermal stabilities of analogous catenated compounds of the Group IVB elements decrease from silicon to lead. Thermally induced disproportionation of ditin and dilead compounds commonly occur at relatively low temperatures, while disilanes and digermanes are much more stable. The chapter discusses the chemical properties of the organic substituted disilanes.
Compact Groups of Galaxies

We discuss the history and current status of the paradoxes associated with compact groups of galaxies. Dynamical theory requires that compact groups merge rapidly. Currently observed groups must, therefore, continually collapse out of the looser group environment. The observations do not support these model predictions nor do the models explain how the groups resist the onset of merger while in the process of formation. The observations are more consistent with the notion that the compact groups are long-lived or even primordial. At the same time, conventional theory completely ignores the large number of compact groups with at least one discordant redshift member. There are approximately nine times more such configurations than are expected by chance (37 vs. 4). Recognition of this fact may represent the greatest challenge to conventional ideas about this remarkable form of clustering.
Seeing and supporting identity development in science education

The primary objective of this session is to highlight ways in which identity can be construed and studied within science education, and to advance a discussion about how science education can embrace its civic responsibility toward students to help them appropriate science as a meaningful tool in their lives beyond school. The four papers reflect a range of perspectives on the construct of identity and approaches to its study and development. Each presentation will focus on the authors' conceptualization of identity and identity development and their approaches to characterizing expressions of identity or identity change through student talk and/or participation in particular contexts of science learning. Presenters will discuss their own goals for identity development within science education, and the implications from their work for approaches to supporting positive identity development through science learning.
The Influence of Technology in Nursing Education

The complexity of the relationship between nursing and technology is not new. The complexity has increased with the advent of new technology and technological devices. For faculty who are in the clinical area on a limited basis, and for nurses who are not involved in decisions related to the adoption of technology, terms and concepts related to technology can be misconstrued or misunderstood. An overview of some major terms used in reference to technology and technological approaches can only enhance the intricate relationship between nursing and technology.
High-Speed III-V Semiconductor Devices

In this chapter we present a new class of high-speed III-V compound semiconductor devices, and discuss the basic device physics, operation principles, and general characteristics of these devices. The devices to be discussed here include the GaAs-based metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFETs), modulation doped field-effect transistors (MODFETs), heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs), hot-electron transistors (HETs), resonant tunneling devices (RTDs), and Gunn effect devices. In addition to GaAs based devices, the InP-based MODFETs and HBTs will also be discussed. The GaAs-based high-speed devices are usually fabricated by using the GaAs/AlGaAs material system grown on a semiinsulating GaAs substrate, while the InP-based devices use the InAlAs/InGaAs or InGaAs/InP material grown on a semiinsulating InP substrate. Although the GaAs/AlGaAs material technology is more mature than that of the InP/InGaAs material system, the InP-based devices can be operated at a higher frequency and speed than that of the GaAs-based devices. This is due to the fact that the InGaAs/InP material system has a higher electron mobility and smaller electron effective mass than that of the AlGaAs/GaAs material system.
Vibration Characteristics of Stirling Cycle Cryocoolers for Space Application

Vibration generated by small Stirling-cycle cryocoolers is an important concern for spacecraft designers planning to incorporate these cryocoolers into near-term space-science instruments. Under joint Air Force/Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) and NASA Eos/AIRS Instrument sponsorship, JPL has an extensive ongoing cryocooler characterization program addressed to measuring the important cryocooler performance characteristics such as self-generated vibration; these measurements provide the interface and trend data needed by instrument designers as well as valuable feedback for improving cryocooler performance.
A phenomenological model for the flow resistance over submerged vegetation

[1] The bulk velocity Ub in streams is conventionally estimated from Manning's equation, but difficulties remain in parameterizing the roughness coefficient n when the streambed is covered with vegetation. A two-layer velocity model is proposed to determine n and Ub for the submerged vegetation case. The modeled n is derived as a function of flow and vegetation properties that can be inferred from remote sensing platforms, such as canopy height, leaf area density, and flow depth. The main novelty in the proposed formulation is that the shear stress is related to the mean velocity profile by considering both ejective and sweeping motions by dominant eddies. The proposed model is tested against a large data set from the literature and is shown to perform well, particularly for rigid vegetation. Poorer model performance for flexible vegetation can be partially attributed to the shape of the assumed mean velocity profile. The roughness coefficient n is found to be robust to variations in the average spacing between canopy elements, allowing the model to be applied to heterogeneous canopies.