cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Accelerator-Based Wireless Sensor Network Processor in 130 nm CMOS

Networks of ultra-low-power nodes capable of sensing, computation, and wireless communication have applications in medicine, science, industrial automation, and security. Reducing power consumption requires the development of system-on-chip implementations that must provide both energy efficiency and adequate performance to meet the demands of the long deployment lifetimes and bursts of computation that characterize wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. Therefore, this work argues that designers should evaluate the design in terms of average power for an entire workload, including active and idle periods, not just the metric of energy-per-instruction.
Free carrier absorption in n-type CdTe

Abstract Experimental results for free carrier absorption at room temperature in lightly doped samples of n -type CdTe, including the λ 3 dependence of the absorption coefficient on the photon wavelength, can be satisfactorily accounted for in terms of polar optical mode scattering with a very small contribution by impurity scattering. Use is made of the quantum theory of free carrier absorption initially developed for direct gap III–V semiconducting compounds, which utilizes the Kane band structure and includes nonparabolicity, arbitrary spin-orbit splitting values, overlap wave function factors, and intermediate states in other bands.
A process for the combined fabrication of ion sensors and CMOS circuits

A novel process for the fabrication of ion-selective field-effect transistors (ISFETs) together with CMOS circuits on the same chip is reported. The process is based on a standard 2- mu m, n-well, CMOS process, which is only modified starting at the metal interconnect step. The interconnect layer used is tungsten silicide. ISFETs are fabricated with floating polysilicon gates, which are exposed to photolithographic masking and HF etching before silicon nitride is deposited on the wafer. This layer of Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ acts both as the pH-sensitive insulator for the ISFETs and as a protection layer for the on-chip circuitry buried beneath it. A source-follower circuit is described that provides an output voltage dependent on the threshold-voltage variations of the sensing transistor. >
Patterns of intramammary infection and clinical mastitis over a 5 year period in a closely monitored herd applying mastitis control measures.

The udder health of a research herd of between 160 and 220 Friesian cows run on a commercial basis has been monitored closely, including detailed bacteriological study, over 5 years. The five point mastitis control plan had been in use for several years prior to this study and was continued with minor alterations to the management of the plan, more detailed bacteriological monitoring and increased encouragement to apply it. It has proved possible to make a substantial improvement in the udder health of the herd. The percentage of infected cows fell from 21·9 to 12·0 and the percentage of infected quarters from 7·3 to 3·3. The main benefit has been a drastic reduction in the rate of clinical and subclinical mastitis caused by coagulase-positive staphylococci. However the total incidence of clinical mastitis did not change substantially, averaging around 30 cases/100 cows per year. This was largely because environmental mastitis organisms were responsible for 65 % of all clinical cases. The results showed marked differences in the patterns of infection due to the environmental mastitis pathogens, Gram-negative bacteria and aesculin-hydrolysing streptococci, suggesting different mechanisms of invasion of the gland.
The anterior dentition of Sivapithecus parvada, with comments on the phylogenetic significance of incisor heteromorphy in Hominoidea

Abstract A premaxillary fragment of Sivapithecus parvada preserving the germs of the right central and lateral incisors is described. The specimen was recovered in situ during excavation at locality Y311 in the upper Nagri Formation (ca. 9·2 m.y.a.) of the Siwalik Sequence, Potwar Plateau, Pakistan. The central incisor is approximately 35% larger than the next largest Swapithecus incisor, in keeping with the very large size of S. parvada compared to other Sivapithecus species, and is exceptionally long mesiodistally in relation to its breadth. It is also morphologically distinct, having a sharply angled distal margin and a distinct lingual tubercle. However, previous descriptions of Sivapithecus upper central incisors as having a continuous lingual shelf are in some cases erroneous and ignore the morphological variation present in the sample. In several features of anterior tooth size, morphology and proportionality, S. parvada resembles Pongo more than do other species of Sivapithecus. The I1/I2 length ratio of the new specimen is 2·12, the largest size disparity reported for any fossil catarrhine, and greater than any single value in a large sample of Pongo pygmaeus. Very great size disparity between upper central and lateral incisors is widely considered to be a synapomorphy of the orang-utan lineage. We conclude, however, that descriptions of upper incisor size heteromorphy in Pongo have in general been exaggerated and have failed to recognize substantial differences in this character between Bornean and Sumatran orang-utans. We further conclude, based on examination of a variety of Miocene hominoids and other Miocene catarrhine primates, that the character of I1/I2 proportionality has little if any phylogenetic utility within Hominoidea.
Population Changes in Leishmania chagasi Promastigote Developmental Stages Due to Serial Passage

Leishmania chagasi causes visceral leishmaniasis, a potentially fatal disease of humans. Within the sand fly vector, L. chagasi replicates as promastigotes which undergo complex changes in morphology as they progress from early stage procyclic promastigotes, to intermediate stage leptomonad and nectomonad promastigotes, and ultimately to terminal stage metacyclic promastigotes that are highly infective to vertebrates. This developmental progression is largely recapitulated in vitro using axenic promastigote cultures that have been passaged only a few times. Within a single passage (which takes about a week), axenic cultures progress from logarithmic to stationary growth phases; parasites within those growth phases progress from stages that do not have metacyclic cell properties to ones that do. Interestingly, repeated serial passage of promastigote cultures will result in cell populations that exhibit perturbations in developmental progression, in expression levels of surface macromolecules (major surface protease, MSP, and promastigote surface antigen, PSA), and in virulence properties, including resistance to serum lysis. Experiments were performed to determine whether there exists a direct relationship between promastigote developmental form and perturbations associated with repeated serial passage. Passage 2 to passage 4 L. chagasi cultures at stationary growth phase were predominately (>85%) comprised of metacyclic promastigotes and exhibited high resistance to serum lysis and high levels of MSP and PSA. Serial passaging 8, or more, times resulted in a stationary phase population that was largely (>85%) comprised of nectomonad promastigotes, almost completely devoid (<2%) of metacyclic promastigotes, and that exhibited low resistance to serum lysis and low levels of MSP and PSA. The study suggests that the loss of particular cell properties seen in cells from serially passaged cultures is principally due to a dramatic reduction in the proportion of metacyclic promastigotes. Additionally, the study suggests that serially passaged cultures may be a highly enriched source of nectomonad-stage promastigotes, a stage that has largely been characterized only in mixtures containing other promastigote forms.
Building Socially Connected Skilled Teams to Accomplish Complex Tasks

Solving today's problems demands more than the effort of an individual, however, brilliant mind. Collaboration and team work are fundamental skills for tackling such problems. The ability of team members to work together and communicate with one another thus becomes an uppermost concern. In this context, to assemble an effective team requires an approach that goes beyond the analysis of individual skills. This paper proposes and examines the problem that takes into account different skill attributes and social ties to build an interconnected team. Our proposed solution is evaluated by means of building one team to defeat an opposite team defined in the same social network. Our experimental results show that our algorithms produces meaningful socially collaborative skilled teams.
An Introduction to African Languages

This book introduces beginning students and non-specialists to the diversity and richness of African languages. In addition to providing a solid background to the study of African languages, the book presents linguistic phenomena not found in European languages. A goal of this book is to stimulate interest in African languages and address the question: What makes African languages so fascinating? The orientation adopted throughout the book is a descriptive one, which seeks to characterize African languages in a relatively succinct and neutral manner, and to make the facts accessible to a wide variety of readers. The author’s lengthy acquaintance with the continent and field experiences in western, eastern, and southern Africa allow for both a broad perspective and considerable depth in selected areas. The original examples are often the author’s own but also come from other sources and languages not often referenced in the literature. This text also includes a set of sound files illustrating the phenomena under discussion, be they the clicks of Khoisan, talking drums, or the ideophones (words like English lickety-split ) found almost everywhere, which will make this book a valuable resource for teacher and student alike.
Issue Frames and Group-Centrism in American Public Opinion

Public opinion on government policy is group-centric: that is, strongly influenced by the attitudes citizens possess toward the social groups perceived as the beneficiaries of the policy. Though common-place, this mode of political thinking is not inevitable. In four experiments, we show that group-centrism hinges in part on how issues are framed in public debate. When issues are framed in ways that draw attention to a policy's beneficiaries, group-centrism increases; when issues are framed in ways that deflect attention away from the beneficiaries, group-centrism declines. We conclude by drawing out the implications of these findings for the concept of frame, considered both as a rhetorical weapon in elites' hands and as a cognitive structure in citizens' minds.
Electrical and mechanical properties of carbon‐black‐filled, electrospun nanocomposite fiber webs

The development of flexible and compliant conductive polymer composites with textile-like characteristics remains an important endeavor in light of the recent activity in polymer/textile-based electronics and the need for compliant electrodes for electroactive polymer actuators. In this work, carbon black (CB) was dispersed in a polymer solution to form electrospun fiber webs consisting mainly of nanofibers. The effect of the filler content on the fiber-web morphology, mechanical behavior, electrical conductivity, and thermal resistance was examined. The electrical conductivity percolation threshold of the fiber-web structure was found to be around 4.6 vol %. Scanning electron micrographs of the fiber webs revealed a significant influence of the CB content on the fiber formation as well as the bond structure of the fiber web, which influenced the mechanical properties of the web. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2410–2417, 2007
Late Eocene gadiform (Teleostei) skull from Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula

On the basis of a skull from the late Eocene La Meseta Formation on Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, a gadiform fish is reported from the Antarctic region for the first time. This specimen, the most completely preserved fossil teleost cranium yet described from Antarctica, provides convincing evidence for the presence of Gadiformes in a far southerly location under temperate climatic conditions 40 m.y. ago. The exoccipital condyles, supraoccipital and lambdoidal crests, and post-temporal and supratemporal fossae are well preserved, as are the roofing bones on the posterior half of the skull. Comparative osteological study indicates that these features are very similar in appearance to those of merlucciids (hakes) and gadids (cods).
A Study of the Feasibility of the Use of Gentian Violet as a Fungistat for Poultry Feed

Abstract A 96% formulation of gentian violet was fungistatic to Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria sp., Candida albicans, Fusarium moniliforme, and Penicillium citrinum when incorporated into corn meal agar at 6.5, 39.0, and 156.0 p.p.m. A. flavus, Alternaria sp., F. roseum, and P. citrinum were inhibited on corn meal agar which had been amended with 12.8, 26.6, and 38.4 p.p.m. of gentian violet in a 2.54% commercial liquid concentrate of gentian violet employed as the active ingredient in a commercial poultry feed additive. Sporulation of these fungi was not inhibited by either of the formulations of gentian violet at any concentration. An anhydrous gentian violet poultry feed additive (containing 2.05% gentian violet) significantly reduced the numbers of A. flavus and F. moniliforme propagules recovered from artificially contaminated feed samples treated with 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 g./l000 kg. of the additive (20, 40, and 80 p.p.m. of gentian violet, respectively) and stored for 12 weeks at 8.5% moisture and compared with the numbers of propagules recovered from contaminated-unamended samples. The numbers of propagules of F. moniliforme and C. albicans recovered from the pre-mix amended samples held for 12 weeks at 19% moisture also were fewer (significantly fewer for F. moniliforme) than those recovered from the contaminated, unamended feed. Amending the A. flavus or F. moniliforme contaminated feed samples did not reduce the numbers of propagules recovered below the numbers present in the original feed samples. GV was fungistatic to the test fungi under the conditions in these studies, since it inhibited, but did not prevent development of the test fungi. A. flavus and F. moniliforme were the fungi isolated in greatest numbers from the original sample.
Systematics of the Genus Hypoptopoma Günther, 1868 (Siluriformes, Loricariidae)

Abstract The systematics of Hypoptopoma Gunther (1868a) is revised based on comprehensive evaluation of specimen collections and a phylogenetic analysis of the species. The genus Hypoptopoma comprises a distinctive assemblage of loricariid catfishes distributed in the lowland drainages of tropical, subtropical, and temperate latitudes of South America to the east of the Andes. Hypoptopoma is uniquely diagnosed among genera of the Loricariidae on the basis of the presence of a laterally expanded nuchal plate. Members of the genus can be further distinguished from all other loricariids, except the hypoptopomatin genus Oxyropsis, by the depressed head with eyes placed ventrolateral and visible from below. Hypoptopoma is further distinguished from all other Hypoptopomatini, including Oxyropsis, by the caudal peduncle posterior to the base of the anal fin ovoid in cross section and deeper in the dorsoventral axis. All species of Hypoptopoma, except H. spectabile, can be further distinguished among loricariids ...
Linear spiral sampling for the bipolar planar near-field antenna measurement technique

This paper investigates linear spiral sampling for bipolar planar near-field antenna measurements. This sampling scheme is, depending on range implementation, the most rapid polar near-filed data acquisition mode. The near-field to far-field transformation is performed using a modified optimal sampling interpolation (OSI)/fast Fourier transform (FFT) approach. Measured far-field pattern results for a waveguide-fed slot array antenna are presented and are shown to have excellent agreement with results obtained from a conventional bipolar measurement.
Bartonella Infection in Animals: Carriership, Reservoir Potential, Pathogenicity, and Zoonotic Potential for Human Infection

Recent observations have begun to support a role for Bartonella spp. as animal as well as human pathogens. Bartonella spp. are vector-transmitted, blood-borne, intracellular, gram-negative bacteria that can induce prolonged infection in the host. Persistent infections in domestic and wild animals result in a substantial reservoir of Bartonella organisms in nature that can serve as a source for inadvertent human infection. The prevalence of bacteremia can range from 50 to 95% in selected rodent, cat, deer, and cattle populations. Dogs infected with Bartonella spp. can develop lameness, endocarditis, granulomatous lymphadenitis, and peliosis hepatis, lesions that have also been reported in association with human infection. Understanding the role of Bartonella spp. as pathogens in cats and other wild or domestic animals awaits the results of additional studies. Considering the extensive animal reservoirs and the large number of insects that have been implicated in the transmission of Bartonella spp., both animal and human exposure to these organisms may be more substantial than is currently believed.
Giant-cell tumors of the bones of the hand

Twenty-eight giant-cell tumors of the bones of the hands of 21 patients were reviewed. There were 14 lesions in the phalanges, 12 in the metacarpals, and two in the carpal bones. Giant-cell tumor of bones develop at a younger age, have a shorter duration of symptoms, and recur more rapidly when they occur in the hand than when they occur in other locations. Curettage was found to be ineffective as a method of treatment; 13 of 15 tumors treated by curettage recurred. Amputation or local resection is recommended. Since there is an 18% incidence of multicentric foci of giant-cell tumors of the hand, bone scan is advised when these tumors occur in the hand.
Do Elderly Persons Need to Be Encouraged to Drink More Fluids

Background. A recently published and widely quoted modified food guide pyramid encourages persons over the age of 70 years to ingest eight glasses (2 liters) of fluids per day. We challenge the need for this much fluid intake and even question whether it may do more harm than good. Methods. Equal numbers of Hispanic and non-Hispanic white men and women were selected randomly from the Health Care Financing Administration (Medicare) rolls and recruited for a home interview followed by a 4-hour interview/examination in a senior health clinic. Questionnaires and examinations were used to determine usual daily selfreported intake of fluids, lying and standing blood pressures, history of falls over the past year, and the presence of chronic constipation and chronic fatigue or tiredness. Serum samples were obtained for determination of sodium, urea nitrogen (SUN) and creatinine concentrations, and calculation of SUN/creatinine ratios. Results. Interviews/examinations were conducted on 883 volunteers (mean age of 74.1 years). Most participants (71%) estimated that their usual fluid intake was equal to or exceeded six glasses per day. Evidence of hypernatremia (serum sodium concentration . 146 mEq/l) was not observed in the 227 individuals ingesting less than this. Hyponatremia also was rare in this population. Fluid intake showed no significant associations with lying and standing blood pressures, a history of falling, or the frequency of chronic constipation or fatigue/tiredness. Conclusion. Until we have more evidence-based documentation that fluid intake of eight glasses (2 liters) per day improves some aspect of an elderly person’s health, encouraging a fluid intake above a level that is comfortable for the individual seems to serve little useful purpose.
A REVISION OF ANATHELGES AND STEGOPHRYXUS (ISOPODA: BOPYRIDAE: ATHELGINAE) WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW GENERA AND ONE NEW SPECIES

Abstract The paguroid-infesting bopyrid genera Anathelges Bonnier, 1900, and Stegophryxus Thompson, 1902, are found to be synonymous. Three species formerly placed in either Anathelges or Stegophryxus are not congeneric with Bopyrus resupinatus, the type species of Anathelges. A new monotypic genus Falsanathelges is erected for Anathelges muelleri Nierstrasz and Brender a Brandis, which is redescribed based on type and additional material. A second new genus, Minimathelges, is erected for Stegophryxus minutus Markham and M. nanus n. sp. from the Loyalty Islands. Anathelges mossambica Barnard is provisionally transferred to Pseudostegias Shiino, based on examination of the damaged lectotype. Additionally, the genus Metathelges Nierstrasz and Brender a Brandis is transferred from the Athelginae to the Ioninae based on examination of the holotype. A key is provided for all eight athelgine genera.
Are Internet Donors Different?: Presidential Donor Modes of Solicitation and Contribution in 2008

The growth of the Internet has introduced a new dynamic to campaign fundraising, both in terms of solicitation and mode of contribution. The Barack Obama campaign was successful in raising large numbers of contributions at all levels online. In contrast, the Republicans with the exception of Ron Paul continue to be a party that relies heavily on mail and telephones to solicit contributions and where most donors contribute by check. Using a survey of donors to federal elections in 2008 we find differences between donors who gave in response to solicitation and those who gave without being asked. Unsolicited donors (34 percent of all donors), were younger, less affluent and more interested in the campaign than solicited donors. We find differences between those solicited in person, those solicited by traditional means (phone or mail), and those solicited online. We also find donors solicited in person tended to give in larger amounts, more likely to be African-American, and to report more socially oriented motivations for donating compared to those solicited by traditional means. Donors solicited online tended to be younger, were more frequent internet users, and were more likely to be new donors in the 2008 election cycle. Finally, we find differences between those who chose to contribute via electronic means and those who chose to give by check or over the phone. Electronic donors were younger, less affluent and more frequent internet users.
Interaction of hypothalamic GABAA and excitatory amino acid receptors controlling heart rate in rats

We have previously shown that microinjection of drugs that impair gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated synaptic inhibition into the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) of rats generates cardiovascular and behavioral changes that mimic the response to stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors in the DMH in generating the cardiovascular changes caused by withdrawal of local GABAergic inhibition in urethan-anesthetized rats. Local treatment of the DMH with the nonselective EAA antagonist kynurenic acid blocked or reversed the increases in heart rate and blood pressure caused by microinjection of the GABAA antagonists bicuculline methiodide (BMI) or picrotoxin into the same region. Conversely, similar injection of xanthurenic acid, a structural analogue of kynurenic acid without significant effects on EAA receptors, did not significantly alter the cardiovascular changes produced by either GABAA antagonist. The tachycardic effects of BMI were also attenuated by injection of either the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid or the non-NMDA EAA receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione. When the two EAA receptor antagonists were combined, their effects to suppress the BMI-induced tachycardia were additive. These findings suggest that the cardiovascular effects caused by blockade of GABAergic inhibition in the DMH of the rat are dependent on activation of local NMDA and non-NMDA EAA receptors.
Techniques for Archaeothermometry

This paper describes methods which have been used for the retrospective estimation of the firing temperatures of ancient ceramics, ranked by the reviewers in order of applicability from those considered least effective to the most successful. The techniques discussed include those that correlate color, physical, elastic and electronic properties, thermoluminescence sensitivity, morphology, mineralogy, and thermal behavior with temperature.
Surgical hip dislocation is safe and effective following acute traumatic hip instability in the adolescent

Background A traumatic hip dislocation in the pediatric patient is a rare but potentially catastrophic injury. The purpose of this study was to review our early clinical results and radiographic morphology of hips treated with a surgical hip dislocation (SHD) approach for intra-articular hip pathology resulting from traumatic instability in pediatric and adolescent patients. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of patients presenting with nonconcentric reduction after traumatic hip instability. All patients were treated with a transtrochanteric SHD with concomitant procedures based on intra-articular findings. Radiographic evaluations and Harris Hip Scores were completed at final follow-up. Results Eleven male patients, mean age of 12.3 years (range, 9.3 to 16.1 y) and mean body mass index 19.6 kg/m (range, 15.4 to 28.0 kg/m). Intraoperative findings included: labral tear (8), femoral cartilage injury (5), acetabular rim fracture (4), acetabular cartilage delamination (3), loose body (2), and femoral head osteochondral fracture (1). Postoperatively, 1 patient developed a transient peroneal nerve palsy. At a mean 24.5 months (range, 12.0 to 48.1 mo) postoperatively, no hips have radiographic evidence of osteonecrosis. The mean lateral center edge angle was 20 degrees (range, 9 to 38 degrees) with 6 hips of 10 degrees; mean α-angle 56 degrees (range, 48 to 62 degrees) with 6 hips of >55 degrees; mean acetabular version 12 degrees (range, 8 to 16 degrees) with 8 hips of Conclusions Early results suggest that SHD is a safe approach to treat an incomplete reduction following posterior hip instability and is effective for identification and treatment of acute intra-articular pathology. Acetabular dysplasia, relative acetabular retroversion, and/or decreased femoral offset may be risk factors for posterior hip instability in adolescents. Level of evidence Level IV.
Integrating medication management information into the online formulary at a tertiary academic medical center.

Drug therapies are complex and continue to become more so each year, which can increase the potential for medication errors.[1][1] In an effort to reduce the risk of such medication errors and promote standardization across a health care system, hospitals create and implement medication management
A note on two scale compactness for $p = 1$

In this paper the notion of two-scale convergence introduced by G. Nguetseng and G. Allaire is extended to the case of bounded sequences in L(Ω), where Ω is any open subset of R . Three different approaches will be considered: an adaptation of the method used in L(Ω) with p > 1, a measure-theoretic argument, and the periodic unfolding technique.
Design and Research for Airborne CPU Board Fault Diagnosis Flat

In order to solve the test and fault diagnosis problem of airborne CPU board,fault relationship method,function encode method and so on are put forward.On the basis of handshaking test,each arrangement and module′s function test are performed.Then fault diagnosis is done by combing self-test and passive test.The software and hardware design is put forward,and the collective design is also given.
The inhibitory effect of phenanthridines on the synthesis of ribonucleic acid catalyzed by deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase.

The interaction of RNA polymerase with DNA prior to the initiation of RNA synthesis involves the formation of a specific complex (I) which is in equilibrium with a rapidly starting (RS) complex necessary for the rapid initiation of RNA chains. Phenanthridinium derivatives, including ethidium bromide, are effective inhibitors of RNA synthesis. These inhibitors do not affect either the rate of transformation of the I complex to the RS complex or the rate of transformation of the RS complex to the initiation complex. Phenanthridines, which intercalate into the DNA template and modify its conformation, act instead by limiting the number of enzyme molecules which can recognize and interact productively with the promoter regions of the template to form I complexes. This explanation is also consistent with the observed variation of the effectiveness of various phenanthridinium derivatives as inhibitors of RNA polymerase. Derivatives with a bulky phenyl group at C-6 of the phenanthridinium ring are decidedly better inhibitors of the enzyme than derivatives which carry a small aliphatic group in the same position.
Sovereign Debt Defaults: Concerns and Lessons

Just when financial markets appeared to have turned the corner and concerns had shifted to whether “irrational exuberance” had returned and markets had become too “frothy”, the world was blind-sided by yet another crisis. This time it was the November 25, 2010 announcement by the Dubai government that one of the city’s largest and most important state-owned conglomerates, Dubai World, was requesting suspension on some of its debt repayments as it restructured its finances and operations, particularly those related to its property development subsidiary, Nakheel.
Raman Spectroscopic and Calorimetric Investigation of the Multiple Smectic Phase Material TBBA

Smectic mesophase formation and structure have been the subject of vigorous scientific inquiry in recent years. 1–6 Among those phases investigated most intensively, the B and H phases are thought to possess the highest degree of local three-dimensional order. As determined by X-ray crystallography 1–5 both phases exhibit long-range two dimensional pseudo-hexagonal order within each layer; in addition there appears to be some degree of correlation between planes.1,5 In the H phase the director lies at an angle to the smectic planes, while in the B phase it is normal to the planes. The nature of the degrees of freedom available and the intermolecular ordering in these phases has been the subject of a number of theoretical and experimental studies.3,7,8 Since terephthal-bis-butylaniline (TBBA) exhibits a smectic H phase as well as at least eight other phases (see schematic below), it has been extensively studied by various experimental techniques including X-ray,4 NMR,9 DSC,10 neutron scattering,11 infrared12 and Raman10,13–14 spectroscopy. This paper provides new information on the nature of the various smectic phases observed in TBBA.
Improving access to vision screening in urban Philadelphia elementary schools.

Background The Wills Eye Vision Screening Program for Children is a community-based vision screening program for children in urban Philadelphia elementary schools that aims to provide vision screening, remedy refractive error by providing glasses, and refer children with suspected nonrefractive eye disease for eye care. Methods Children in grades K-5 from 45 Philadelphia elementary schools were screened for distance and near visual acuity, stereopsis, and color vision from January 2014 to June 2015. Children who failed were assessed by an on-site optometrist. Two pairs of eyeglasses were provided at no cost. Children with suspected, nonrefractive disease were referred to Wills Eye Hospital Pediatric Ophthalmology and contacted by a social worker to schedule an appointment. Results Over 84 days, 10,726 children were screened for vision problems at 45 schools. A total of 1,321 children (12%) had refractive error and 1,015 children (77%) returned the consent form and received two pairs of glasses. Of the 509 children (5%) referred to Wills Eye, 177 returned consent forms and were not being followed by an ophthalmologist. Of these, 127 children (72%) completed an eye examination at Wills. Conclusions The program described herein can provide comprehensive vision screening, with eyeglasses and/or referrals, to children within an underserved community.
Beyond full duplex wireless

Recent work has shown the possibility of implementing full-duplex wireless radios using commodity hardware. We discuss the possibility of extending full-duplex designs to support multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) systems. We explore how such a design could lead to a rethinking of wireless networks. We discuss various applications of full-duplex radios and the gains possible with those applications. We also discuss some of the challenges present in getting such radios and their applications to be a part of production networks.
Place Names, Symbolic Power and the Chinese State

Place and street names, although apparently an apolitical part of everyday life, are in fact often determined by the state for political ends. In the democratic West, the political aspect of street names is most often revealed in the controversy that can accompany name changes, but authoritarian states often put politics front and center. China, for example, has passed national legislation that restricts street and place names to those that support “national unity and the establishment of socialist modernization,” while prohibiting those that “damage sovereignty or national dignity.” Using a unique dataset of 4.8 million Chinese street names, in this paper I analyze the factors that are associated with unity-promoting names across 122 major Chinese cities. Quantitative analysis and historical data suggest that the central government is most concerned with promoting “correct” names in areas with high ethnic tension or large numbers of ethnic minorities. These results suggest that Beijing sees geographic naming as an important promoter of national unity.
Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Renal Schwannoma Excision.

Abstract Background: To report the first case of a renal schwannoma excised with robot-assisted laparoscopy. Case Presentation: A 43-year-old Caucasian female patient with vague abdominal symptoms was noted to have incidental right renal mass. Physical examination and laboratory tests were within normal limits. CT revealed a 4.6 cm heterogeneous enhancing right renal mass arising near the hilum. RENAL nephrometry score was 11a. She was treated by right robot-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy. She recovered well without complications. Pathology analysis revealed a benign renal schwannoma. Conclusion: Renal schwannoma is a rare kidney tumor. We report the first known case of this tumor excised by robot-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy.
Modification of Convective Storms by Lee Waves

The atmospheric conditions on all scales which are related to the formation and behavior of convective storms have been studied for decades by scores of investigators. Consequently our understanding of convective storms and their relationship to atmospheric conditions has increased at an encouraging rate. However, the effects of the terrain over which the convective storms move have received little attention.
Valuing Ecological Improvements in the Chesapeake Bay and the Importance of Ancillary Benefits

Reducing the excess nutrient and sediment pollution that is damaging habitat and diminishing recreational experiences in coastal estuaries requires actions by people and communities that are within the boundaries of the watershed but may be far from the resource itself, thus complicating efforts to understand tradeoffs associated with pollution control measures. Such is the case with the Chesapeake Bay, one of the most iconic water resources in the United States. All seven states containing part of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed were required under the Clean Water Act to submit detailed plans to achieve nutrient and sediment pollution reductions. The implementation plans provide information on the location and type of management practices making it possible to project not only water quality improvements in the Chesapeake Bay but also improvements in freshwater lakes throughout the watershed, which provide important ancillary benefits to people bearing the cost of reducing pollution to the Bay but unlikely to benefit directly. This paper reports the results of a benefits study that links the forecasted water quality improvements to ecological endpoints and administers a stated preference survey to estimate use and nonuse value for aesthetic and ecological improvements in the Chesapeake Bay and watershed lakes. Our results show that ancillary benefits and nonuse values account for a substantial proportion of total willingness to pay and would have a significant impact on the net benefits of pollution reduction programs.
Use of Data Acquisition Systems in Aquaculture

Abstract Two data acquisition systems for aquaculture use are described, one is connected to an Apple II-c computer, and the second is a stand alone unit for field use. Details of construction and implementation are provided, including sample water temperature and climatological data. Techniques for future use of data acquisition systems in aquaculture are proposed.
Structure and Function of Glia Maturation Factor Beta

In 1972 this laboratory observed the ability of brain extracts to promote the phenotypic expression of cultured astrocytes and named the active agent “glia maturation factor” (GMF) (Lim et al., 1972, 1973; Lim and Mitsunobu, 1974). Attempts at purifying this factor encountered a number of difficulties. First, it exists in low abundance. Second, the purer the protein is the more unstable it becomes. Third, as purification steps increase, the procedure becomes more and more laborious to carry through. These problems are common to many growth factors and therefore not unique to GMF. However, the purification of GMF was further complicated by the fact that the brain is a source of several other potent growth factors, some of which interfered with the monitoring of GMF.
Crystal Structure of Thioesterase SgcE10 Supporting Common Polyene Intermediates in 9- and 10-Membered Enediyne Core Biosynthesis.

Enediynes are potent natural product anticancer antibiotics, and are classified as 9- or 10-membered according to the size of their enediyne core carbon skeleton. Both 9- and 10-membered enediyne c...
A New Russian Holiday Has More Behind It Than National Unity: the Political Functions of Historical Commemorations

This study seeks to address both the theoretical and empirical aspects of national holidays' selection. Noting a breadth of historical events that a state may choose to celebrate, this study asks how and why only some events are selected for national remembrance and commemoration. I answer this question by considering the role of national holidays in politics of history and memory and state- and nation-building. Using an example of the Russian government replacing an established public holiday — the Revolution Day, celebrated on 7 November — with a new holiday — the National Unity Day, celebrated on 4 November — I set out to demonstrate how the choice of historical events for national celebration hinges on their potentiality to be reconstructed and deployed for the present political agendas.
Glucocorticosteroids are probably ineffective in alcoholic hepatitis

Source Citation Christensen E, Gluud C. Glucocorticoids are ineffective in alcoholic hepatitis: a meta-analysis adjusting for confounding variables. Gut. 1995 Jul;37:113-8.7672658
Genomic data resolve gene tree discordance in spiderhunters (Nectariniidae, Arachnothera)

Abstract Reduced representation genomic sequencing methods efficiently gather sequence data from thousands of loci throughout the genome. These data can be used to test previous phylogenetic hypotheses produced from limited numbers of mitochondrial and nuclear loci that often reveal intriguing, but conflicting, results. In this paper, we use phylogenomic data to revisit recent molecular phylogenetic work that clarified many taxonomic relationships within spiderhunters, but also questioned the monophyly of this distinctive genus of sunbirds (AVES: Nectariniidae; Arachnothera). DNA sequence data were produced by target-capture sequencing of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) to infer the evolutionary history of 11 species of Arachnothera and six outgroups, including the Purple-naped Sunbird (Hypogramma hypogrammicum), which previous work suggested might lie within Arachnothera. Although we recovered many different gene tree topologies, concatenated and coalescent methods of analysis converged on a species tree that strongly supports the monophyly of Arachnothera, with Hypogramma as its sister taxon.
Bridging Dynamics of Telechelic Polymers between Solid Surfaces

We employ Brownian dynamics simulations combined with forward flux sampling and theoretical first-passage time analyses to describe the rates of transitions between loops and bridges of telechelic polymers between solid surfaces representing e.g. latex colloids in the limit that the telechelic stickers bind strongly enough to the surfaces to make free chains very rare. It is shown that the bridge formation rate can be expressed by combining times for two processes, namely, the escape of one end sticker from the narrow-but-deep association well near the colloidal surface and the longer-range motion of the chain end to the other surface inhibited by stretching free energy. We find that when using multibead chains to represent the telechelic polymers, the longer-range motion requires use of a multidimensional first passage time analysis that we borrow from the work of Likhtman and co-workers, which was originally developed to describe polymer end fluctuations in a one-dimensional reptation tube. From these i...
Current Trends in Surgical Airway Management of Neonates with Robin Sequence.

Background Robin sequence is defined by the clinical triad of micrognathia, glossoptosis, and upper airway obstruction, and is frequently associated with cleft palate and failure to thrive. Though the efficacy of certain surgical interventions to relieve airway obstruction has been well established, algorithms dictating decision making and perioperative protocols are poorly defined. Methods A 22-question survey was sent via e-mail to members of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association and International Society of Craniofacial Surgeons. Questions were related to surgeon experience in treating neonates with Robin sequence, and specific perioperative protocols. Results One hundred fifty-one responses were collected. Most respondents were surgeons practicing in North America(82.8%), in a university hospital setting (81.5%) and had completed a fellowship in pediatric plastic surgery or craniofacial surgery (76.2%). Preoperative protocols varied widely by years in training and location of practice. Although 78.8% of respondents always performed direct laryngoscopy, only 49.7% of respondents routinely obtained preoperative polysomnography. Mandibular distraction osteogenesis was the most common primary surgical airway intervention reported by 74.2%, with only 12.6% primarily utilizing tongue-lip adhesion. Slightly less than half of respondents ever performed tongue-lip adhesion. Operative selection was influenced by surgeon experience, with 80% of those in practice 0-5 years primarily utilizing mandibular distraction, compared with 56% of respondents in practice >15 years. Conclusions This study documents wide variations in preoperative, operative, and postoperative protocols for the surgical airway management of neonates with severe Robin sequence. These results underscore the need to acquire more objective data, to compare different protocols and outcome measures.
Stories from Clients: How Mental Health Courts Can Change Lives

This Chapter details seven MHC case histories. By giving voice to clients, I uncover the experiences of those within the court. The stories illustrates the court’s influence on recidivism and how MHCs impact the lives of individuals. The interviews of MHC clients exemplify the ways in which experience in MHC influence their quality of life including the management of mental illness and substance use, housing stability, employment status and family relations. I examine how MHC participation encourages other pro-social and healthy behaviors that can lead to changed lives. The narratives reveal the potential of MHCs by highlighting some success stories based on court observations and interviews. Toward the end of the chapter I provided a nuanced explanation of why MHCs do not work for all clients.
Potential of recovered proteins from invasive green crabs (Carcinus maenas) as a functional food ingredient

Invasive green crabs contain high-quality proteins that have potential as functional ingredients in formulated foods. This study evaluated the functional properties and compositional characteristics of green crab proteins recovered by isoelectric solubilization/precipitation (ISP).; Results: Mechanically separated green crab mince (control) was solubilized at pH 2 (PP2) and pH 10 (PP10), then proteins were precipitated at pH 5.5 and subsequently dried. Yield of recovered protein powder was approximately 1.5 times higher for PP2 than for PP10. Compared with the control (230 g kg-1 ), ash content was reduced in PP2 (54 g kg-1 ) and PP10 (23 g kg-1 ) samples. PP2 contained predominantly large-molecular-weight proteins, while small-molecular-weight proteins were distributed in PP10. With regard to functional properties, at pH 7 and 8, solubility of PP10 was significantly higher than that of PP2. At pH 7.5, PP10 exhibited significantly higher emulsifying activity (1482 m2 g-1 ) than PP2 (858 m2 g-1 ) and the control (958 m2 g-1 ). PP2 showed statistically higher gelation activity and had higher L* value than PP10 and the control.; Conclusion: The results indicate that recovered green crab proteins have functional properties potentially useful for formulated foods, and that these functional properties can be modified by the solubilization pH during the recovery process. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.; © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Damage detection in self-sensing composite tubes via electrical impedance tomography

Abstract Fiber reinforced polymer composites are widely used in the automotive, aerospace, and energy sectors owing to their high specific stiffness and strength. With their increasing use, there arises the need to continuously monitor the health of these composites. Current methods of health monitoring in filament wound composites include embedding optical fibers and piezoelectric sensors during the manufacturing process. These methods, in addition to making the manufacturing process difficult, introduce weak spots in the structure. Alternatively, nanofiller modification of the matrix imparts conductive properties to the composite which can be coupled with imaging modalities such as electrical impedance tomography (EIT) for damage localization. To date, however, EIT has been limited exclusively to planar structures such as rectangular coupons. Because such simple shapes are hardly representative of many real composite parts, this work explores the potential of extending EIT to complex shapes for damage detection. Specifically, non-planar multiply connected domains are considered (i.e. carbon black-modified glass fiber/epoxy composite tubes). Our results show that multiple through-holes as small as 7.94 mm can accurately be detected on a tube with length-to-diameter ratio of 132.4 mm-to-66.2 mm (aspect ratio of 2:1). Further, it was observed that the sensitivity of EIT improved with decreasing tube aspect ratio. EIT was also successful in detecting sub-surface damage caused by low-velocity impacts. These preliminary results indicate that the combination of self-sensing via piezoresistivity and EIT has much greater potential and broader applicability for composite structural health monitoring (SHM) than the prevailing, planar geometry-centric state of the art suggests.
An educational intervention to improve attitudes regarding HPV vaccination and comfort with counseling among US medical students.

Many medical students are not comfortable recommending the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine because they do not feel prepared to discuss it with their patients. A prior study demonstrated that th...