cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Low-Voltage −204 dBc/Hz FoM T 1.8-2.7 GHz LC-VCO using 55nm SOTB Technology

A low-voltage, low-power, low-phase-noise, and wide-frequency-tuning-range (FTR) LC-VCO for Internet of Things (IoT) has been implemented in the 55nm Silicon on Thin Buried Oxide (SOTB) technology. It uses a tail resistor configuration to reduce phase noise with a low supply voltage of 0.7-0.9 V, where a back-gate bias control of the SOTB technology is also employed. An output amplitude of the LC-VCO is designed so as to minimize frequency sensitivity for both current and supply voltage. These lead to a low phase noise of −101 and −123 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz and 1 MHz offset frequencies respectively, with a low power of 0.88 mW. A high-Q LC-tank with low parasitic capacitance design enables a wide FTR of 40.7%, and an excellent figure-of-merit with the FTR (FoM T ) of-204 dBc/Hz.
Fiscal Discipline and Exchange Rate Arrangements: Evidence from the Caribbean

This paper assesses the nature of fiscal discipline under alternative exchange rate regimes. First, it shows that fiscal agencies under a currency union with a fixed exchange rate can have a larger incentive to overspend or "free ride" than those under other exchange rate regimes, owing to the agencies' ability to spread the costs of overspending in inflation tax across both time, given the fixed exchange rate, and space, given the currency union. In contrast, such free-riding behavior does not arise under flexible regimes owing to the immediate inflationary impact of spending. Next, empirically, fiscal stances in countries with fixed pegs and currency union regimes demonstrate greater free-riding behavior than do countries with more flexible regimes in fifteen Caribbean countries from 1983 to 2004.
Moral hazard in teams with subjective evaluations

This article studies moral hazard in teams where workers' wages depend on two types of performance measures: objective team output and subjective evaluations. The evaluations include both self‐ and peer evaluations. I find that when evaluations become less subjective, workers' wages should be more sensitive not only to their evaluations but also to the team's output. I also show that subjective evaluations should be used in relative terms only when the degree of subjectivity is not too high. The results also associate the introduction of a budget breaker with the level of subjectivity within organizations.
Attorney Liability Under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Legal and Ethical Challenges and Solutions

The article examines the legal and ethical obstacles facing attorneys when counseling clients on the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It examines the relationship of the FCPA and the ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct and state ethical rules on attorney conduct and provided multiple hypothetical situations illustrating the ethical quagmires attorneys face when counseling clients on the FCPA. It provides an in-depth analysis of the regulation of attorneys under SEC regulations, specifically looking at the relationship of the FCPA and Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The article also looks at private remedies available under the FCPA, specifically looking at legal malpractice actions brought for advice given by attorneys under the FCPA.
Subversive editing: Rebellious reprints in Freedom’s Journal

This essay analyzes the literary reprints found in New York’s Freedom’s Journal (1827–1829), the first newspaper owned and operated exclusively by African Americans. It demonstrates that the Journa...
Soft Electronics for Human-Centered Robotics

Bio-tissues are soft, curvilinear and dynamic whereas conventional electronics are hard, planar, and rigid. Our research focuses on the design, fabrication, conformability, and functionality of soft bio-integrated and bio-mimetic electronics based on inorganic functional materials such as metals, silicon, carbon nanotubes (CNT), and graphene. In particular, epidermal electronics, a.k.a. electronic tattoos (e-tattoos) represent a class of noninvasive stretchable circuits, sensors, and stimulators that are ultrathin, ultrasoft and skin-conformable. My group has invented a dry and freeform "cut-solder-paste" method for the rapid prototyping of multimodal, wireless, or very large area e-tattoos that are also high-performance and long-term wearable. The e-tattoos can be applied for physiological sensing, prosthesis control, and even human-mimetic robots.
DFT Analysis of Methane C−H Activation and Over-Oxidation by [Cu2O]2+ and [Cu2O2]2+ Sites in Zeolite Mordenite: Intra- versus Inter-site Over-Oxidation

Methane over-oxidation by copper-exchanged zeolites prevents realization of high-yield catalytic conversion. However, there has been little description of the mechanism for methane over-oxidation at the copper active sites of these zeolites. Using density functional theory (DFT) computations, we reported that tricopper [Cu3 O3 ]2+ active sites can over-oxidize methane. However, the role of [Cu3 O3 ]2+ sites in methane-to-methanol conversion remains under debate. Here, we examine methane over-oxidation by dicopper [Cu2 O]2+ and [Cu2 O2 ]2+ sites using DFT in zeolite mordenite (MOR). For [Cu2 O2 ]2+ , we considered the μ-(η2 :η2 ) peroxo-, and bis(μ-oxo) motifs. These sites were considered in the eight-membered (8MR) ring of MOR. μ-(η2 :η2 ) peroxo sites are unstable relative to the bis(μ-oxo) motif with a small interconversion barrier. Unlike [Cu2 O]2+ which is active for methane C-H activation, [Cu2 O2 ]2+ has a very large methane C-H activation barrier in the 8MR. Stabilization of methanol and methyl at unreacted dicopper sites however leads to over-oxidation via sequential hydrogen atom abstraction steps. For methanol, these are initiated by abstraction of the CH3 group, followed by OH and can proceed near 200 °C. Thus, for [Cu2 O]2+ and [Cu2 O2 ]2+ species, over-oxidation is an inter-site process. We discuss the implications of these findings for methanol selectivity, especially in comparison to the intra-site process for [Cu3 O3 ]2+ sites and the role of Bronsted acid sites.
An Alternating Quark Sequence Subnucleonic Structure of Stable Light Nuclei H-1 Through Li-7

The proposed structures of stable nuclei of H-1 through Li-7 incorporate an alternating up and down quark sequence (AQS) of equally spaced quarks around regular geometries. AQS nuclear models represent quark positions in the same way molecular ball and stick models represent the relative positions of atoms. In AQS, the ball identifies the center of quark mass and the stick length is constant and equal to the most recent radius of the proton (0.8414 fm). AQS radius predictions use accepted quark masses where necessary, and predictions demonstrate 99.3% average agreement (SD 4%) and statistical correlation of ρ = 0.96, p<0.001, with accepted RMS charge radii. These results compare favorably to a close-packed nucleons model and a spherical nucleus model. A set of AQS parameters is included. Light nuclei tend to form ring structures corresponding to regular polyhedra, the smallest of which is the dodecagon structure of helium-4. Opposite quarks link nucleons to maintain a continuous sequence of alternating equally spaced quarks. Quark sequences may overlap so that protons overlap with neutrons. The more regular polyhedron structures of light nuclei yield better AQS radius predictions, whereas larger nuclei tend to be less regular and are thus less predictable (with the exception of the double overlapping octadecagon structure for the 36 quarks of C-12). The relative certainty in the accepted radius of helium-4, and its geometric relationship to the proton radius, allow a geometric solution to the “proton puzzle” yielding an AQS prediction for the proton radius of 0.8673±0.0014 fm.
Expression of the prostate type transglutaminase (TGase-4) in clinical prostate cancer

2659 Introduction Type 4 transglutaminase (TGase-4, also known as prostate TGase) has been identified as a prostate specific TGase and belongs to the TGase family of calcium dependent enzymes that are capable of forming interprotein lysine bonds and serve to function as signal transduction proteins. The biological role of the prostate TGase-4 in prostate cancer cells is unclear and the expression in prostate cancer remains to be determined. This study sought to determine the level of TGase-4 transcript and protein in human prostate tissues. Materials and methods Fresh human prostate tissues were collected immediately after surgery, under the approval of the regional ethical committee. Tissues were subsequently frozen-sectioned and prepared for immunohistochemical analysis of TGase-4. RNA were also prepared from multiple frozen sections. Quantitative analysis of TGase-4 transcript was carried out using quantitative RT-PCR with GAPDH and cytokeratin as the house keeping genes. Levels of TGase-4 transcripts were correlated with the Gleason score, clinical staging and serum PSA. TGase-4 transcripts were also tested in a panel of 6 prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3, DU-145, CA-HPV-10, PZ-HPV-7, PNT1A and PNT2C2). In addition, the presence of the TGase-4 transcript was also tested in a panel of 24 human cancer cell lines. Results TGase-4 was seen to be weakly present in the cytoplasm of the prostate epithelial cells, with little membrane staining. Prostate stroma also had a limited degree of staining. In prostate tumour tissues, TGase-4 staining in the cytoplasm was seen to increase. Prostate cancer cell lines showed a pattern of differential expression, with PC-3, CA-HPV and PNT1A showed high level expression. TGase-4 signal was also observed in selected cell lines of non-prostate origins including colorectal cell lines. Levels of the TGase-4 transcrpts were seen to be significantly correlated with serum PSA levels (r=0.457, p 7). Conclusion Expression patterns of prostate TGase-4 in prostate tumour tissues may have a clinical implication with regard to disease progression and clinical staging and warrant further investigations.
Maximizing ESD robustness of current-mode-logic (CML) driver with internal gate bias network

In this paper the ESD robustness of Current-Mode-Logic (CML) drivers with various gate bias configurations is first investigated to find an optimized bias condition. Circuit simulations with integrated ESD shell models are also performed to compare with the experimental data. Based on the experimental and simulation results, an internal ESD network is then proposed to bias the gates of transistors in CML driver to the optimized condition during an ESD event and to maximize the ESD protection performance.
Ringing in the new cosmology

Balloon experiments over Antarctica have produced a long-awaited temperature map of the microwave sky. The map reveals sound waves that can be used to probe the early Universe.
Conflict Management in Mindanao

This paper focuses on third party roles, including governments, NGOs, and international institutions, in managing the conflict between the Moro (Muslim) regions of Mindanao and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines since 1968. The case illustrates third party roles played by neighboring, friendly states in Southeast Asia and local, regional and international NGOs in upholding a cease-fire agreement and allowing negotiations to proceed with Malaysian facilitation. After examining briefly the sources of conflict in history, identity conflicts, religious beliefs, and economic and political marginalization of the Muslim minority community, the paper summarizes the role of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) represented successively by Libya, Indonesia, and Malaysia in brokering cease-fires and subsequent agreements to try to resolve the underlying conflicts. Primary focus is on the current role of the International Monitoring Team led by Malaysia and its Civilian Protection Component, composed largely of international and local NGOs, in implementing a cease-fire agreement after the most recent outbreak of violent conflict in 2008 that resulted from a ruling by the Philippines Supreme Court that rejected a negotiated agreement on - ancestral domains reached between the Government of the Republic of the Philippines (GRP) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). The subsequent violence proved deadly and produced a huge number of IDPs in Mindanao. The paper argues that the extensive conflict management network that has been put in place on the ground in Mindanao since this outbreak of violence plays a major, reinforcing role in confidence-building and preserving the cease-fire, a necessary condition for the successful pursuit of negotiations between the GRP and MILF, mediated by Malaysia on behalf of the OIC, in the search for a solution to the fundamental, long festering conflict.
Parental depressive tendencies, gender, and immigrant status in fragile families

While empirical support that focuses on maternal depression has received substantial publicity on several fronts, paternal depression has not garnered as much empirical attention. Additionally, despite the increase in the prevalence of immigration in the US, there has been slow progress in identifying underlying mechanisms and risks among immigrant families and their impact on younger children's socio-emotional wellbeing. Utilizing the framework of intersectionality, this study investigated the effect of parental depressive tendencies on school-age children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors. To understand the familial links that safeguard young school-age children's behavioral outcomes, the discrepancies of parental depressive propensities with respect to parents’ gender and immigrant status were discussed. Overall, the postulation that paternal and maternal depressive tendencies exerted differing impact was partially upheld. Fathers with a history of depressed mood were more likely to rate thei...
Leukoencephalopathy after whole-brain radiation therapy plus radiosurgery versus radiosurgery alone for metastatic lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: As systemic therapies improve and patients live longer, concerns mount about the toxicity of whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) for treatment of brain metastases. Development of delayed white matter abnormalities indicative of leukoencephalopathy have been correlated with cognitive dysfunction. This study assesses the risk of imaging-defined leukoencephalopathy in patients whose management included WBRT in addition to stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). This risk is compared to patients who only underwent SRS. METHODS: We retrospectively compared 37 patients with non–small cell lung cancer who underwent WBRT plus SRS to 31 patients who underwent only SRS. All patients survived at least 1 year after treatment. We graded the development of delayed white matter changes on magnetic resonance imaging using a scale to evaluate T2/FLAIR (fluid attenuated image recovery) images: grade 1 = little or no white matter hyperintensity; grade 2 = limited periventricular hyperintensity; and grade 3 = diffuse white matter hyperintensity. RESULTS: Patients treated with WBRT and SRS had a significantly greater incidence of delayed white matter leukoencephalopathy compared to patients who underwent SRS alone (P < .001). On final imaging, 36 of 37 patients (97.3%) treated by WBRT developed leukoencephalopathy (25% with grade 2; 70.8% with grade 3). Only 1 patient treated with SRS alone developed leukoencephalopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Risk of leukoencephalopathy in patients treated with SRS alone for brain metastases was significantly lower than that for patients treated with WBRT plus SRS. A prospective study is necessary to correlate these findings with neurocognition and quality of life. These data supplement existing reports regarding the differential effects of WBRT and SRS on normal brain structure and function. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Use of Infra-Red Thermography for Automotive Climate Control Analysis

In this paper, several automotive climate control applications for IR thermography are described. Some of these applications can be performed using conventional IR techniques. Others, such as visualizing the air temperature distribution within the cabin, at duct exits, and at heater and evaporator faces, require new experimental methods. In order to capture the temperature distribution within an airstream, a 0.25-mm-thick (0.01 inch) fiberglass screen is used. This screen can be positioned perpendicular or parallel to the flow to obtain three-dimensional spatial measurements. In many cases, the air flow pattern can be inferred from the resulting temperature distribution, allowing improved air distribution designs. In all cases, significant improvement in the speed, ease, and quantity of temperature distribution information can be realized with thermography as compared to conventional thermocouple array techniques. Comparisons are presented between IR thermography images and both thermocouple measurements and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions.
Hume's Diffident Skepticism

Soulevant le probleme de l'integration du scepticisme destructeur du livre I du «Traite de la nature humaine» au projet constructif de l'ensemble de l'ouvrage, l'A. distingue plusieurs sens du terme scepticisme et en presente une version incertaine caracteristique de la premiere partie. Face a l'absence de toute reference au pyrrhonisme, l'A. montre que la connaissance de la nature humaine echappe au desespoir humain, mais n'atteint pas la certitude demonstrative de la science.
Photoexcited states of the harmonic honeycomb iridate γ − Li 2 IrO 3

We report equilibrium and nonequilibrium optical measurements on the recently synthesized ``harmonic'' honeycomb iridate $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Li}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrO}}_{3}$ (LIO), as well as the layered honeycomb iridate ${\mathrm{Na}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrO}}_{3}$ (NIO). Using Fourier transform infrared microscopy we performed reflectance measurements on LIO, from which we obtained the optical conductivity below 2 eV. In addition, we measured the photoinduced changed in reflectance $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}R$, as a function of time $t$, temperature $T$, and probe field polarization in both LIO and NIO. In LIO, $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}R(t,T)$ is anisotropic and comprises three $T$-dependent components. Two of these components are related to the onset of magnetic order and the third is related to a photoinduced population of metastable electronic excited states. In NIO, $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}R(t,T)$ has a single $T$-dependent component that is strikingly similar to the electronic excitation component of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}R$ in LIO. Through analysis and comparison of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}R(t,T)$ for two compounds, we extract information on the onset of magnetic correlations at and above the transition temperature in LIO, the bare spin-flip scattering rate in equilibrium, the lifetime of low-lying quasiparticle excitations, and the polarization dependence of optical transitions that are sensitive to magnetic order.
Buoyant Surface Jets

A combination of dimensional analysis, simple physical reasoning and data inspection is used to define distinct geometrical properties and mixing characteristics within the near field of buoyant surface jets. For deep stagnant receiving water, the jet has a transition length, a maximum penetration depth and a limited dilution capacity which is primarily met through bottom entrainment. These characteristics are found to scale with a densimetric Froude number based on kinematic momentum and buoyancy fluxes and a characteristic source length. A criterion for shallow water is developed based on observations of reduced entrainment; relationships for shallow water dilution and bottom attachment lengths are given. A criterion is presented to distinguish free and shoreline-attached jets in crossflowing receiving water, and a simple trajectory relationship appears to describe jet trajectories in crossflowing deep receiving water.
Eclipse Photo Captures Solar Magic Act

Of all visual solar effects, the sudden—even mystical—appearance and disappearance of the white light corona at eclipse is the most striking. On November 3, 1994, the High Altitude Observatory eclipse expedition to Putre, Chile, obtained this photograph showing the form of the solar corona late in Solar Cycle 22. This image adds to the long series of drawings and photographs made by many past observers that have recorded the form of the corona at eclipse and thus show coronal variability in the 11-year solar activity cycle. Several features in this recent solar image are important to understanding the structure of the corona and its extension through the heliosphere. The striking appearance of bright “streamers” separating dark “polar holes” is characteristic of the corona late in a solar cycle. The very long streamer on the SW limb is a cross section of a much larger coronal arcade covering 270° in solar longitude. The long tip of this streamer was visible to the naked eye out to 3 solar radii. This long structure is the cross section of a current sheet separating solar wind flows along field lines of opposite polarity. In addition, the polar plumes at the Sun's south pole show a structure that requires the polar fields to be ‘patchy’ and not uniformly distributed in the polar coronal hole. Both the streamers and the plumes clearly show the departure of coronal structures from a radial orientation. These observations have important implications for the Ulysses mission because the spacecraft was 3 AU behind the southern solar pole and in the polar solar wind at the time of the eclipse.
p-Type and n-type doping of ZnSe: Effects of hydrogen incorporation

The hydrogenation behavior of p- and n-type ZnSe grown on GaAs by gas source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE) is presented. Recent advances in p-type doping, using a radio frequency (RF) plasma source with nitrogen, have led to the successful fabrication of blue /green light emitters based on the (Zn,Mg)(S,Se) material system grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). GSMBE replaces the high vapor pressure group VI elements with hydride gases which are amenable to regulation using precision mass flow controllers, and has the potential to deliver improved compositional control and reproducibility. We have found that the presence of hydrogen does not affect the electrical conductivity of ZnSe:Cl grown by GSMBE. In contrast, nitrogen-doped ZnSe is speculated to be electrically passivated by hydrogen for certain growth conditions as evidenced by: (1) coherent tracking of the hydrogen concentration with variations in the nitrogen concentration, which is measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and (2) indications of high resistivity determined by capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. Conventional and rapid thermal annealing (RTE) have been investigated to modify the degree of hydrogen passivation
Physiological response of the hydromedusa Cladonema californicum Hyman (Anthomedusa: Cladonemidae) to starvation and renewed feeding

Field studies have identified food limitation as a factor influencing medusae in their natural environment. Whereas previous laboratory studies have focused on food limitation of large cruising medusae, this study examines the effect of starvation on a small ambush predator, the hydromedusa Cladonema californicum Hyman. C. californicum survived periods of starvation lasting up to 45 days without significant mortality; renewed feeding resulted in resumed growth and development. Small (∼1 mm) to medium (∼2 mm) diameter medusae were relatively insensitive to periods of up to one week without food. In fact, these medusae appeared to continue growing during this period. However, elemental analysis (CHN) measurements demonstrated two characteristics of C. californicum's starvation response. First, apparent growth (increases in diameter but not weight) resulted from organic (dry weight, carbon, nitrogen) dilution of body tissues. Second, true growth (increases in both diameter and weight) occurred only when minimum carbon levels were reached in medusan tissues. The minimum carbon concentrations allowing true growth depended upon medusan size.
PARTHENOGENETIC REPRODUCTION IN THE PHILOSCIID ISOPOD, OCELLOSCIA FLORIDANA (VAN NAME, 1940)

[L'ensemble de la distribution d'Ocelloscia floridana, un isopode philoscide, se situe a l'interieur de la peninsule de Floride et une race parthenogenetique a ete reconnue le long de la limite nord de cette distribution. Les populations parthenogenetiques sont presentes au nord et a l'ouest de la riviere Suwannee. Une region ou l'espece est absente separe les races parthenogenetiques et sexuees. La race parthenogenetique ne comprend que des femelles et le mode de reproduction a ete etudie sur des colonies en laboratoire. Les femelles parthenogenetiques ne s'accouplent pas, apparemment, avec des mâles quand elles en ont l'opportunite, en laboratoire. Les populations parthenogenetiques existent dans une region ou speciation et divergence sont notables chez d'autres groupes d'animaux. Les caracteres diagnostiques d'O. floridana sont donnes, ainsi qu'une clef taxonomique pour reconnaitre les isopodes philoscides de Floride., L'ensemble de la distribution d'Ocelloscia floridana, un isopode philoscide, se situe a l'interieur de la peninsule de Floride et une race parthenogenetique a ete reconnue le long de la limite nord de cette distribution. Les populations parthenogenetiques sont presentes au nord et a l'ouest de la riviere Suwannee. Une region ou l'espece est absente separe les races parthenogenetiques et sexuees. La race parthenogenetique ne comprend que des femelles et le mode de reproduction a ete etudie sur des colonies en laboratoire. Les femelles parthenogenetiques ne s'accouplent pas, apparemment, avec des mâles quand elles en ont l'opportunite, en laboratoire. Les populations parthenogenetiques existent dans une region ou speciation et divergence sont notables chez d'autres groupes d'animaux. Les caracteres diagnostiques d'O. floridana sont donnes, ainsi qu'une clef taxonomique pour reconnaitre les isopodes philoscides de Floride.]
Effect of coating parameters on the microstructure of cerium oxide conversion coatings

Abstract The microstructure and morphology of cerium oxide conversion coatings prepared under different deposition conditions were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The coatings were formed by a spontaneous reaction between a water-based solution containing CeCl 3 and aluminum alloy 7075-T6 substrates. Microstructural characterization was performed to determine the crystallinity of the coatings and to obtain a better understanding of the deposition parameters on coating microstructure. The results of TEM imaging and electron diffraction analysis indicated that the as-deposited coating was composed of nanocrystalline particles of a previously unreported cerium compound. The particles of the coatings produced using glycerol as an additive were found to be much finer than those of the coatings prepared in the absence of glycerol. This indicates that glycerol may act as a grain refiner and/or growth inhibitor during coating deposition. After deposition, the coated panels were treated for 5 min in a phosphate sealing solution. The sealing treatment converted the as-deposited coating into hydrated cerium phosphate. Panels coated from solutions containing no glycerol followed by phosphate sealing performed poorly in salt fog tests. With glycerol addition, the corrosion resistance of the coatings that were phosphate sealed improved considerably, achieving an average passing rate of 85%.
Statics: A c++ implementation of functional iteration synthesis

statics is a non-standard sound synthesis program that uses functional iteration to both generate sound events and organise them temporally. This paper gives a brief history on the use of functional iteration in music composition and then describes how it is implemented in statics . Also discussed is the conception of program design as compositional process. Since statics was designed by a composer with musical goals in mind, the program is itself is a collection of compositional decisions. Furthermore, the unique timbres and structures created by statics are a direct result of these decisions. Accordingly, I discuss my compositional process in two stages: those choices that are embedded into the program (general decisions) and those choices that occurred post-design (specific decisions). Using as examples the three individual compositions created with statics ( congruent , convergence and cyclian ), I delineate the effects of both types of decision on the compositional process and then describe how these three compositions embody different characteristics of my implementation of functional iteration.
Drug interactions with ethmozine® (moricizine HCl)

Moricizine HCl, a phenothiazine derivative synthesized in the USSR in 1964, has been shown to be an orally effective antiarrhythmic drug. Moricizine HCl has demonstrated a low incidence of generally mild and transient side effects. Studies of possible drug interaction between it and other drugs most likely to be administered to cardiovascular patients are currently being conducted in US drug trials. Possible interactions between moricizine HCl and cimetidine, and between moricizine HCl and digoxin, are reviewed. The coadministration of moricizine HCl had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of cimetidine; in contrast, cimetidine administration slowed the elimination of moricizine HCl. The implications of greater therapeutic and/or toxic effects of moricizine HCl must be considered for patients receiving cimetidine and moricizine HCl concomitantly. No significant interactions were observed when monitoring serum levels of moricizine HCl and digoxin in patients with normal renal function receiving digoxin therapy for congestive heart failure or atrial fibrillation. Moricizine HCl in therapeutic dosages (10 mg/kg daily) demonstrated antiarrhythmic efficacy without significant alterations in serum digoxin levels.
Human papillomavirus-related disease in people with HIV.

Purpose of the review The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers is increased among people with HIV infection compared with the general population. This review will describe recent findings in HPV-associated cancer incidence since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HPV/disease prevalence at sites other than cervix and anus, and recent data on screening and treatment of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN).
Semiparametric random coefficient regression models

Linear regression models with random coefficients express the idea that each individual sampled may have a different linear response function. Technically speaking, random coefficient regression encompasses a rich variety of submodels. These include deconvolution or affine-mixture models as well as certain classical linear regression models that have heteroscedastic errors, or errors-in-variables, or random effects. This paper studies minimum distance estimates for the coefficient distributions in a general, semiparametric, random coefficient regression model. The analysis yields goodness-of-fit tests for the semiparametric model, prediction regions for future responses, and confidence regions for the distribution of the random coefficients.
Simulated annealing via Sobolev inequalities

We use Sobolev inequalities to study the simulated annealing algorithm. This approach takes advantage of the local time reversibility of the process and yields the optimal “freezing schedule” as well as quantitative information about the rate at which the process is tending to its ground state.
Transcriptional responses to tubule challenges

Transcriptional responses to tubule challenges. Adaptation to physiological stimuli often involves changes in gene transcription. Studies of hyperosmolar stress in renal epithelial cells have provided an ideal paradigm for understanding regulation of gene expression. Renal epithelial cells respond very differently to hyperosmolar NaCl and urea and several strategies including cloning based on known biological function, candidate gene analysis, and differential display analysis have successfully identified many genes induced by these hyperosmolar challenges. Hyperosmolar NaCl produces adverse effects on cellular biosynthetic processes and compensatory increases are observed in transcription of transporters, stress proteins, and metabolic enzymes. In contrast, hyperosmolar urea fails to inhibit biosynthetic processes but, nonetheless, initiates a very specific program of gene expression in renal epithelial cells. This program appears to involve a urea sensor/receptor system which activates transcription and translation of the zinc-finger transcription factor Egr-1 . This work highlights the concept that rapid analysis of differential gene expression will enable one to define cellular programs of gene expression involving up- and down-regulation of functionally-related gene families.
Application of VLEACH to Vadose Zone Transport of VOCs at an Arizona Superfund Site

Cleanup standards for volatile organic compounds in thick vadose zones can be based on indirect risk (transport to ground water) when contamination is below depths of significant direct risk. At one Arizona Superfund site, a one-dimensional vadose zone transport model (VLE-ACH) was used to estimate the continued transport of VOCs from the vadose zone to ground water. VLEACH is a relatively simple and readily available model that proved useful for estimating indirect risk from VOCs in the vadose zone at this site. The estimates of total soil concentrations used as initial conditions for VLF.ACH incorporated a variety of data from the site. Soil gas concentrations were found to be more useful than soil matrix data for estimating total soil concentrations at this arid-zone site. A simple mixing cell model was used with the VLEACH-derived mass loading estimates from the vadose zone over time to estimate the resulting changes in ground water concentrations. For this site, the results of the linked VLEACH/mixing cell simulations indicate it is likely that the federal MCI. for TCE will be exceeded in underlying ground water if remedial action on I he vadose zone is not pursued.
A mechanism of noncontinuous supraosseous tooth eruption

Abstract Numerous theories have been propounded to explain the various aspects of tooth eruption, but no general consensus exists about some of the underlying mechanisms that govern these aspects. An important unresolved issue is the source of the motive forces that displace teeth. We proposed that supraosseous eruptive forces are generated by tooth socket distortions caused by functional jaw deformations. Previous studies used basic equations of static equilibrium to demonstrate that the concomitant stretching of the oblique periodontal ligament (PDL) fibers give rise to forces that may cause supraosseous tooth eruption. For a more rigorous and expanded analysis, we applied the finite element method (FEM). Three functional loads were considered, but the FEM calculations strongly suggested that all jaw deformations contribute to tooth extrusion. It was also demonstrated that the PDL fiber disruptions that are likely to occur with increased stretching can provide a mechanism to stabilize the erupted position. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;120:263-71)
Gender Effects in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

There are a number of examples of sex differences in drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Recent advances in the characterisation of specific isozymes involved in drug metabolism now allow for the preliminary identification of enzyme systems that are affected by sex. While current data are somewhat limited and not in complete agreement, the majority of studies show that apparent cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 activity is higher in women than in men, whereas the activity of many other systems involved in drug metabolism may be higher in men than in women. Women and men also show different pharmacodynamic responses to a variety of drugs. While the clinical significance of these sex differences remains to be determined, we anticipate that they will be most important in the administration of drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. In addition, sex differences in drug metabolism may be involved in the higher incidence of adverse reactions to drugs in women compared with men. Further research is needed to determine the scope and significance of these sex differences. Female-specific issues such as pregnancy, menopause, oral contraceptive use and menstruation may also have profound effects on drug metabolism. These effects can often be clinically important. Pregnancy may increase the elimination of antiepileptic agents, reducing their efficacy. Oral contraceptive use can interfere with the metabolism of many drugs and, conversely, certain drugs can impair contraceptive efficacy. More research is needed to determine the impact of menopause, hormone replacement and menstruation on drug therapy.
Performance Model for a Radiation Recuperator

A procedure has been developed to predict axial temperature distributions for the combustion gas. air, and walls of an annular radiation recuperator. It is based on using the zone method to treat radiation exchange between the combustion gas and its boundaries and on solving a system of nonlinear energy balance equations for the temperature distributions. The procedure may be used for a wide range of design and operating conditions, and parametric calculations have been performed to determine the effect of these conditions on recuperator performance.
The susceptibility of membrane vesicles to interaction with ethanol

Abstract The susceptibility of membranes to interaction with ethanol is an important consideration in the further understanding of the ethanol-membrane interaction. Interactions of membrane vesicles, including passive diffusion of ethanol across membranes leakage of internal molecules out of membranes and membrane-membrane interaction, were examined systematically using two populations of fluorescent probe-encapsulated phospholipid bilayer vesicles, each prepared with 1,2-dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and a fluorescent probe. Fluorescence quenching experiments with these vesicles were performed in a medium containing a wide range of ethanol concentrations (0.30–3.5 M). In the presence of a lower concentration of ethanol in the external medium, passive diffusion of ethanol across membrane vesicles occurred. This was demonstrated by an interaction of ethanol with the encapsulated fluorescence probe molecules inside the vesicles, resulting in an increase in the fluorescence intensity and a shift of the fluorescence emission spectrum to a shorter wavelength. While, in the presence of a higher concentration of ethanol in the external medium, a strong perturbation of lipid bilayers by ethanol was found, leading to an over expansion of membranes and consequently causing the membrane leakage. As a result of this, the initially encapsulated probe molecules leaked out of the vesicles so as to interact with the other probe molecules in the external medium. Consequently, fluorescence quenching was observed. Moreover, studies of the mixture of two populations of fluorescence probe-encapsulated membrane vesicles revealed that ethanol acted on individual membranes and did not promote membrane-membrane interactions. The implication of the present results to the alcohol-mediated expansion of membranes is discussed.
Using solid-state density functional theory and terahertz spectroscopy to spectroscopically distinguish the various hydrohalide salts of 5-(4-pyridyl)tetrazole

Abstract The crystal structures and experimental terahertz spectroscopy of the isostructural hydrobromide and hydrochloride salts of 5-(4-pyridyl)tetrazole were reproduced using solid-state density functional theory as implemented in CRYSTAL09. The effect of the halide size was investigated to determine the influence on the low energy lattice and molecular vibrations exhibited in the region from 10 to 100 cm−1, known as the terahertz (THz) region. Using solid-state DFT, the normal modes of these THz vibrations were determined and it was shown that the mass and size of the halide anion has a significant effect in this region. A trend was observed in the frequencies in the terahertz region, such that increasing the mass of the anion, produces an overall red shift in the frequency.
The Uses of an Adolescent Psychological Inventory in the Classroom.

courses. The MMAI is a brief, 150-item group administered self-report inventory. A computer scoring program exists to transform the truefalse item responses into a 20-scale student profile similar to the one in Figure 1. Handscoring overlay keys can be used to perform the same process manually. The MMAI,was designed and normed for use with junior and senior high school students and is based on Millon's theory of personality (Millon, 1969). The theory is non evaluative: There are no right or wrong ways to be. Every person
Beyond the Qumran Community: Social Organization in the Dead Sea Scrolls

The Dead Sea Scrolls refer to different kinds of communities. The Damascus Document speaks of people who live “in camps” throughout the land, and marry and have children. The Rule of the Community, in contrast, does not speak of women or children at all. It does, however, speak of small communities with a quorum of ten, as part of the yahad. The Rule of the Community also speaks enigmatically of twelve men and three priests, who are supposed to go into the wilderness to prepare the way of the Lord. It is possible but not certain that these were the founders of the Qumran settlement. Qumran was surely a sectarian settlement in Roman times. It is possible, but not proven, that it was a Hasmonean fort before the Romans came. It was never more than one of many sectarian settlements. The yahad should not be equated with “the Qumran community.”
Chi-Square Analysis of Social Interactive Behaviour: A Reply to Watson

(1984). Chi-square analysis of social interactive behaviour: A reply to Watson. Australian Journal of Psychology: Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 113-114.
Synthesis and computational studies of diphenylamine donor-carbazole linker-based donor–acceptor compounds

Abstract The design, synthesis, and electronic spectra of a novel series of organic diphenylamine donor-carbazole linker-based donor–acceptor compounds are reported. The low-lying electronic transitions in these compounds are investigated using a combination of conventional steady-state absorption spectroscopy and tools of computational photochemistry. The electronic transitions were found to depend both on the nature of the acceptor moiety and the presence/absence of a carbazole linker, not affected by the presence of the trifluoromethlyphenyl group in all the reported DA compounds.
Novel oligodeoxyribonucleotides incorporating L-related isodeoxynucleosides: Solid phase synthesis, enzymology, and CD studies

Abstract The synthesis of self-complementary oligodeoxyribonucleotides incorporating the L-related isodeoxynucleosides, isodA, (1) and/or isodT (4) is described. These novel oligomers exhibit high resistance towards exonucleases. Temperature- and concentration-dependent CD spectra and thermodynamic data of the oligomers show that isodA-isodT base pairs participate in duplex stabilization.
Flavonoids Have Differential Effects on Glucose Absorption in Rats (Rattus norvegicus) and American Robins (Turdis migratorius)

Mounting evidence suggests that small birds rely largely on non-mediated intestinal absorption of glucose through the paracellular pathway, while non-flying mammals rely on mediated absorption across the enterocyte membranes by using glucose transporters SGLT-1 and GLUT-2. Relying on non-mediated transport of glucose may decrease its absorption rate at low glucose concentrations but may release small birds from the effects of glucose transport inhibitors. We evaluated transport by using flavonoids known to inhibit glucose transport in vitro. Quercetin, isoquercetrin, and phloridzin were tested in rats (Rattus norvegicus) and robins (Turdis migratirius), and naringenin, naringenin-7-glucoside, genistein, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and phloretin were used only in rats. By using a pharmacokinetic approach that involves serial blood collection and area under the curve calculations, we determined the bioavailability of 3-0-methyl D-glucose, the non-metabolized analogue of D-glucose. Six of the eight flavonoids tested in rats significantly decreased the absorption of 3-0-methyl D-glucose, while none of the flavonoids tested in robins significantly decreased the bioavailability of 3-0-methyl D-glucose. We conclude that flavonoids effectively decrease glucose absorption in rats, which rely on mediated absorption of glucose, but that flavonoids do not have an effect in robins, which rely on non-mediated absorption of glucose.
Tolerance induction by hematopoietic cell transplantation: combined use of stem cells and progenitor cells.

Background Donor-specific hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in the form of bone marrow transplantation has been long recognized experimentally as a means of inducing tolerance for subsequently transplanted organs. Clinical translation has been limited, however, due to HCT-associated complications. Unrelated myeloid progenitors (MP) can be administered simultaneously with hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). This reduces susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections in neutropenic mice in laboratory studies. It is not known, however, if the addition of third-party MP interferes with tolerance induction. Methods BALB/c (H-2d) mice were irradiated and reconstituted with 4,000 AKR (H-2k) HSC or with 4,000 AKR HSC combined with 10 5 FVB (H-2q) MP. After 2 months, the mice received skin grafts from these three strains or from an unrelated strain, C57BL/6 (H-2b). Composition and origin of hematopoietic cells was analyzed using flow cytometry. Results Mice in both groups accepted all the host-type- and HSC-donor-matched grafts, and rejected unrelated grafts. Surprisingly, recipients of both HSC and MP also accepted MP-matched skin grafts (14 of 14), even with very low levels of MP-derived cells in circulation. The analysis revealed that, although most hematopoietic cells were derived from HSC donors, regulatory T cells were derived from both donors as well as the recipient. Conclusion The addition of third-party MP cells does not interfere with HCT-induced tolerance induction and, surprisingly, induces MP-specific tolerance.
Between two worlds: Bridging the cultures of child health and adult medicine

Dramatic advances in the ability to care for children with chronic illnesses and disabilities have prolonged life and improved well-being for many. What were once considered to be diseases of childhood--cystic fibrosis spina bifida cerebral palsy and others-- must now be thought of as diseases of childhood onset since the large majority of individuals with these conditions can be expected to attain meaningful adulthood. Unfortunately the manner in which we deliver care to these young people has not kept pace with the care we have to offer. We continue to struggle in our current health care system to define how best to provide services to adolescents young adults and not-so-young adults with conditions of childhood onset. There is some agreement though by no means broad consensus that adolescents and young adults with chronic health conditions should at some point move from a child-oriented to an adult-oriented health care setting. This transition from pediatric to adult-centered care has been debated in the literature explored in national conferences modeled in demonstration and service projects and codified in guidelines and standards of care. Nevertheless despite some momentum over the past several years there has been far too little progress in ensuring that adolescent and young adults with special health care needs have suitable pathways for transition to adult health care. (excerpt)