cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Server Placement in Multiple-Description-Based Media Streaming

Multiple description coding (MDC) is a powerful source coding technique that involves encoding a media stream into r independently decodeable substreams. With every successful reception of a substream, decoded signal quality improves. We consider the problem of placing a set of servers in the network such that a desired quality of service can be provided to a community of clients. We formulate the server placement (SP) problem, whose goal is to identify the minimum number of server locations that can provide r descriptions to a set of clients such that the delay associated with each path from a chosen server location to a given client is bounded by a given delay constraint and the total "unreliability" associated with the group of paths to a given client is also upper bounded. We show that the SP problem is NP-complete. We propose a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation and heuristic solution for the SP problem. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm and to compare it with the MILP solution.
Chrome steel from chromium ore processing residue

In Hudson County, New Jersey, there are more than two million tons of leftover chromite ore processing residues (COPR). Part of COPR was used as construction fill materials spreading the problem to a larger area. High solubility of some chromate compounds along with their toxicity is threatening the environment as well as the human health. The primary objective of this manuscript is to demonstrate an efficient and optimum way to recover chromium and iron from COPR in the production of chrome steel or stainless steel. In this research, COPR was thermally treated to recover iron together with chromium. The research applied techniques used in steel manufacturing to extract metallic iron and chromium from COPR. An extensive experimental program was performed using a Thermo-Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) to thermally treat chromium contaminated soils with additives at different temperatures and under different reducing environments. The optimum chemical composition of soil and additives to be used in the melts was evaluated based upon the thermodynamic properties of the mixture to ensure good phase separation, least amounts of iron and chromium oxides in the slag and minimum variability of final product (steel or iron with chromium). The impact of other oxides on the steel making process was evaluated to minimize the adverse impact on the process. The research demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed process.
DevCOP: A Software Certificate Management System for Eclipse

During the course of software development, developers will employ several different verification and validation (V&V) practices with their software. However, these efforts might not be recorded or maintained in an effective manner. We have built Defect Estimation with V&V Certificates on Programming (DevCOP), a software certificate management system. With DevCOP, developers can automatically track and maintain a persistent record of the V&V practices used during development via certificates. With this V&V information, developers and managers can better manage their V&V efforts within a system. Detailed information such as coverage of particular V&V techniques over the system or the amount of V&V performed on a single function can be provided. Developers can also use this V&V information post hoc to see which techniques were more effective at removing defects. In our future work, we are researching a parametric model which utilizes these certificates to estimate defect density as development proceeds.
A subthreshold current model for GaAs MESFET's

A GaAs MESFET model capable of accurately describing currents in the subthreshold region is described. The model is based on the concept of drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) together with the reverse-bias Schottky diode conduction. Agreement between measured and calculated data based on this model was excellent.
Survival Strategies of Male Homeless Adolescents

Background: A total of 1.7 million youth are homeless in America and nearly half are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender. The purpose of this study is to investigate survival strategies, anxiety, and self-esteem among male homeless adolescents. Objectives: This study tested two hypotheses: (a) Survival strategies of homeless adolescents differ by sexual orientation/gender identity. (b) There is a relationship between survival strategies and sexual orientation/gender identity, amount of time homeless, self-esteem, and state/trait anxiety. Design: A comparative-descriptive study was conducted in six large cities. Seventy 16- to 20-year-old homeless male adolescents were recruited. Results: Survival strategies did not significantly vary by sexual orientation; however, some differences may be of clinical relevance. Conclusions: Homeless youth of all sexual orientations/gender identities were using diverse strategies to survive. Psychiatric nurses are in a unique position to assist these youth.
Physically based morphing of point-sampled surfaces

This paper presents an innovative method for naturally and smoothly morphing point- sampled surfaces via dynamic meshless simulation on point-sampled surfaces. While most existing literature on shape morphing emphasizes the issue of finding a good correspondence map between two object representations, this research primarily investigates the challenging problem of how to find a smooth, physically-meaningful transition path between two homeomorphic point-set surfaces. We analyze the deformation of surface involved in the morphing process using concepts in differential geometry and continuum mechanics. The morphing paths can be determined by optimizing an energy functional, which characterizes the intrinsic deformation of the surface away from its rest shape. As demonstrated in the examples, our method automatically produces a series of natural and physically-plausible in-between shapes, which greatly alleviates the shrinking, stretching, and self-intersection problems that often occur when linear interpolation is employed for the morphing of two objects. We envision that our new technique will continue to broaden the application scope of point-set surfaces and their dynamic animation. Copyright # 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Age-Related Decline in Reproductive Sensitivity to Inhibition by Short Photoperiod in Peromyscus Leucopus

Seasonal environments favor the timing of reproduction to match seasons when successful reproduction is most likely. Most species of temperate zone mammals suppress reproduction in winter using changes in day length as a cue. In many species, individuals vary genetically in how strongly they respond to these seasonal cues. Individuals also may modify their response to day length depending upon other factors, including their age. Agespecific changes might occur because young, peripubertal rodents are more strongly affected by harsh conditions than adults, and therefore might be more sensitive to inhibitory photoperiods. We tested the hypothesis that genetic variation in responses to photoperiod persists as individuals age. Young males from a captive population of whitefooted mice (Peromyscus leucopus) that is genetically variable for reproductive inhibition by short day length (SD) were tested for photoperiod responses. Mice were placed in SD within 3 days after birth, tested at age 70 days, allowed to mature for at least 18 weeks at long day length, and then tested again as adults aged� 34 weeks. Young males were more likely to be strongly reproductively suppressed by SD than adults, indicating that age-specific changes in reproductive strategy occur in this population. However, males that were reproductively photoresponsive when young also were more likely to be reproductively photoresponsive as adults. Thus, genetic tendency for reproductive sensitivity to photoperiod is a trait retained from puberty to adulthood, but attenuates with age.
Pressure-induced Dissociation and Denaturation of Allophycocyanin at Subzero Temperatures

The thermodynamics of assembly of the allophycocyanin hexamer was examined employing hydrostatic pressures in the range of 1 bar to 2.4 kbar and temperatures of 20 to -12°C, the latter made possible by the decrease of the freezing point of water under pressure. The existence of two processes, dissociation of the hexamer into dimers, (αβ)3→3 (αβ), and dissociation of the αβ dimers into monomers, (αβ) →α+β have been recognized previously by changes in the absorbance and fluorescence of the tetrapyrrolic chromophores owing to added ligands. The same changes are observed in the absence of ligands at pressures of under 2.4 kbar and temperatures down to -12°C. On decompression from 2.4 kbar at 0°C, appreciable hysteresis and a persistent loss of 50% in the absorbance at 653 nm is observed. It results from the conformational drift of the isolated subunits and is reduced to 10% when the highest pressure is limited to 1.6 kbar. The thermodynamic parameters of the reaction α+β→αβ can be determined from pressure effects on perchlorate solutions of allophycocyanin, which consist of dimers alone. Their previous knowledge permits estimation, under suitable hypotheses, of the thermodynamic parameters of the reaction 3(αβ) →(αβ)3→from the overall pressure effects on the hexamers. Both association reactions have positive enthalpy changes, and the whole hexamer assembly is made possible by the excess entropy.
A useful recursive form for obtaining inverse z-transforms

An extension of a recently published method for finding the inverse z-transform is presented. It is predicted that this easy-to-use extension will supersede the usual technique of z-transform inversion by long division.
Impact of inappropriate initial antibiotics in critically ill surgical patients with bacteremia.

Abstract Background Bloodstream infections in critically ill patients are associated with mortality as high as 60% and a prolonged hospital stay. We evaluated the impact of inappropriate antibiotic therapy (IAAT) in a critically ill surgical cohort with bacteremia. Methods This retrospective study evaluated adults with intensive care unit admission greater than 72 hours and bacteremia. Two groups were evaluated: appropriate antibiotic therapy (AAT) vs IAAT. Results In 72 episodes of bacteremia, 57 (79%) AAT and 15 (21%) IAAT, mean age was 54 ± 17 years and APACHE II of 17 ± 8. Time to appropriate antibiotics was longer for IAAT (3 ± 5 IAAT vs 1 ± 1 AAT days, P = .003). IAAT was seen primarily with Acinetobacter spp (33% IAAT vs 9% AAT, P = .01) and Enterococcus faecium (26% IAAT vs 7% AAT, P = .03). If 2 or more bacteremic episodes occurred, Acinetobacter spp. was more likely, 32% vs 2%, P = .001. Conclusions AAT selection is imperative in critically patients with bacteremia to reduce the significant impact of inappropriate selection. Repeated episodes of bacteremia should receive special attention.
The impact of the nanoscale vision on the future of learning and teaching

The evolution of the field of nanotechnology has propelled humankind to the brink of an impending revolution, which will fundamentally impact every aspect of human life. While theory and experimentation are indeed critical to this future, simulation will play a key role in the shape of this future. To this end, the field of nanotechnology has required significant advances in the way cyberinfrastructure is utilized to derive scientific progress. To sustain and indeed fuel growth in nanotechnology requires a new generation of scientists, currently in middle and high schools and in colleges and universities, trained to think and perform across disciplinary barriers. The task of reaching these students and to capture their imagination requires a fundamental and systematic approach, that is positioned at the convergence point of nanotechnology, pedagogy, and cyberinfrastructure. The Network for Computational Nanotechnology (NCN), through its nanoHUB.org website, is leading a new charge in bridging nanotechnology discovery and learning. In this paper, we will use the nanoHUB.org as a case study to highlight how the nanoscale vision is impacting teaching and learning at various levels.
Piperlongumine exerts cytotoxic effects against cancer cells with mutant p53 proteins at least in part by restoring the biological functions of the tumor suppressor

Piperlongumine (PL), a small molecule alkaloid present in black pepper (Piper longum), has been reported to kill tumor cells irrespective of their p53 gene status, however, the mechanisms involved are unknown. Since p53 is a redox-sensitive protein, we hypothesized that the redox imbalance induced by PL may affect the structure and/or function of the mutant p53 protein and promote cell death. We used two human colon cancer cell lines, the HT29 and SW620 which harbor the R273H DNA contact abrogatory mutation in p53. PL treatment induced significant ROS production and protein glutathionylation with a concomitant increase in Nrf-2 expression in both cell lines. Surprisingly, immunoprecipitation with wt-p53 specific antibodies (PAb1620) or direct western blotting showed a progressive generation of wild-type-like p53 protein along with a loss of its mutant counterpart in PL-treated HT29 and SW620 cells. Moreover, the EMSA and DNA-affinity blotting revealed a time-dependent restoration of DNA-binding for the mutant p53, which was accompanied by the induction of p53 target genes, MDM2 and Bax. PL, while cytotoxic by itself, also increased the cell killing by many anticancer drugs. In nude mice bearing the HT29 tumors, PL alone (7.5 mg/kg daily) produced a 40% decrease in tumor volume, which was accompanied by diminished intratumoral mutant p53 protein levels. The antitumor efficacy of BCNU or doxorubicin in HT29 xenografts was highly potentiated by PL, followed by expression of apoptotic proteins. These clinically-relevant findings suggest that PL-induced oxidative milieu facilitates a weak functional restoration of mutant p53 through protein glutathionylation and contributes to the increased drug sensitivity.
Outcomes of Adolescent-Onset Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome.

Objectives To determine the clinical course of adolescent-onset postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and to assess health-related quality of life, 2-10 years after diagnosis. Study design Pediatric patients, 13-18 years of age, diagnosed with POTS at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, from 2003 to 2010 were mailed a questionnaire if they were at least 18 years of age at the time of the mailing. The primary outcome measures were norm-based, age- and sex-adjusted, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey physical composite score and mental composite score. Results The survey was mailed to 502 patients with a response rate of 34% (n = 172). The mean duration from diagnosis to survey completion was 5.4 (SD, 1.9) years; the mean age of the respondents at the time of the survey was 21.8 (2.2) years. The responders were predominantly females (84% vs 68% of nonresponders; P P Conclusions Overall, 86% of adolescents with POTS report resolved, improved, or just intermittent symptoms, when assessed via questionnaire at an average of 5 years after initial treatment. Patients with persistent symptoms have more physical than mental health concerns.
Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel subunit glycosylation regulates matrix metalloproteinase-dependent changes in channel gating.

Cyclic-nucleotide gated (CNG) channels are essential for phototransduction within retinal photoreceptors. We have demonstrated previously that the enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9, members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of extracellular, Ca2+- and Zn2+-dependent proteases, enhances the ligand sensitivity of both rod (CNGA1 and CNGB1) and cone (CNGA3 and CNGB3) CNG channels. Additionally, we have observed a decrease in the maximal CNG channel current (Imax) that begins late during MMP-directed gating changes. Here we demonstrate that CNG channels become nonconductive after prolonged MMP exposure. Concurrent with the loss of conductive channels is the increased relative contribution of channels exhibiting nonmodified gating properties, suggesting the presence of a subpopulation of channels that are protected from MMP-induced gating effects. CNGA subunits are known to possess one extracellular core glycosylation site, located at one of two possible positions within the tu...
Molecular Dynamics Modeling of Stress and Orientation Dependence of Solid Phase Epitaxial Regrowth

Solid Phase Epitaxial Regrowth (SPER) is of great technological importance in semiconductor device fabrication. A better understanding and accurately modeling of its behavior are vital to the design of fabrication processes and the improvement of the device performance. In this paper, SPER was modeled by Molecular Dynamics (MD) with Tersoff potential. Extensive MD simulations were conducted to study the dependence of SPER rate on growth orientation and uniaxial stress. The results were compared with experimental data. It was concluded that MD with Tersoff potential can qualitively describe the SPER process. For a more quantitatively accurate model, a better interatomic potential are needed.
Investigation of Grey Area Construction on the performance of Detached Eddy Simulation

Since its introduction in 1997, the use of Detached Eddy Sim ulation (DES) and similar hybrid turbulence techniques have become increasingly popular in the field of CFD. However, DES does place new demands on grid design as critical aspects of the m odel depend directly on the grid spacing and construction . One key g rid -defined feature is the point of transition between the Reynolds -Averaged Navier -Stokes and Large Eddy Simulation models. In unstructured grid codes, another challenge is how to properly define the grid spacing that is critical to both the location of t he transitional region and the LES mode. This paper presents tests using an unstructured grid with different grid spacing definitions in order to examine their effect on the resulting flow when using the Spalart Allmaras (SA) DES model. The current test fl ow is cylinder fl ow at a Reynolds number of 3900. In this case, two techniques result in largely similar flows, while a third generates multiple result regimes.
Catalytic Nanoshell Micromotors

Combining conventional physical vapor deposition and wet chemical etching, nanoshell catalytic motors with catalyst coated inside the shell have been fabricated. Those motors are propelled by bubble ejection or burst mechanism due to small bubble nucleation energy, and they move much faster than the Janus catalytic motors of the same size. The speeds of the motors (∼100 μm s–1) are closely related to the bubble size and generation frequency. The experimental data show that the bubbles do not totally block the opening of the shell and, thus, achieve a fast mass transport and sustain continuous motion of the motors.
Study of shear-velocity distribution in the upper mantle by mantle Rayleigh waves

Comparison of Rayleigh-wave dispersion computations on 11 models of shear-velocity structure of the continental and oceanic crust-mantle systems permits a detailed explanation of observed mantle Rayleigh-wave dispersion for periods less than 250 seconds. Velocity distributions for the continental crust-mantle obtained by Gutenberg and by Lehmann from body-wave data, both of which include a region of low velocity in the upper mantle, are consistent with the dispersion data. Furthermore, it is shown that a structure which agrees with results from travel times of body waves from explosions and from distant earthquakes and with Rayleigh-wave dispersion must necessarily contain a low-velocity region of this type. Shear-wave data for oceanic areas are meager, but from Rayleigh-wave dispersion there is firm evidence that the shear velocity immediately below the M discontinuity of deep ocean basins is about 4.6 to 4.7 km/sec., about the same as under the continental M discontinuity. It is also clear that the velocity distribution below the depth of the continental M discontinuity cannot be the same under continents and oceans. Instead, an oceanic model obtained by successive approximation to oceanic Rayleigh-wave dispersion data shows that the region of low shear velocity extends to much shallower depths under the oceans, thus being a much more prominent feature under oceans than under continents. This is similar to results obtained by Landisman et al. using oceanic Love-wave dispersion, and provides a more detailed knowledge of the structure. Relatively rapid downward increase of shear velocity between depths of about 400 to 500 km. is the chief cause of the observed minimum group velocity at about 225 seconds period. Curvature of the earth is probably the cause of systematic differences beyond periods of 200 to 250 seconds between observed group velocities and group velocities computed according to the flat-earth hypothesis.
Breeding and Application of "Jinyou F6"—a High Yield and Quality Hybrid Early Rice Variety

Jinyou F6" is a new hybrid early rice combination bred from the crossing between "Jin 23A" and "F6" (a strong restoring line—10-35//Gui 99/Minghui 63). The rice combination has high and stable yield, good quality, extensive adaptability and high seed production, its total growth and developmental duration is about 115 days and yield is 7.5 t/hm~2 or so. In 2002, this new combination had passed the examination and approval of Jiangxi Crop Varieties Committee. In this paper, the author introduced the characters and main cultural techniques of "Jinyou 6".
Interior of Potassium Amine Polymer Drilling Fluid

The interior of potassium amine polymer drilling fluid is,less than 30% injury for different penetration rate of rock cores.The static expansion rate is only 4.32% in 24 hours,and the rock debris of rolling recovery rate is over 76%.The stability of rock debris is strong,it can prevent borehole wall from sloughing effectively.
Skylab: A Progress Report

The Skylab Apollo Telescope Mount contains six principal instruments spanning the X-ray to visible wavelength range. These experiments include an externally occulted white light coronagraph from the High Altitude Observatory which observes the outer solar corona from 1.5 to 6.0 radii from Sun center, in broadband (3500–7000 A) white light with approximately 10″ spatial resolution. An X-ray spectrographic telescope of the American Science and Engineering, Inc. employs six filters and an objective grating to observe a 48′ field of view in the wavelength range 3.5–6.0 A, with approximately 3″ spatial resolution. A scanning ultraviolet polychromator, spectroheliometer of the Harvard College Observatory is capable of observing 1.2 A spectral resolution from 300–1350 A with a 7 detector array. The field of view of the instrument is determined by its operational mode and ranges from 5′ × 5′ to 5″ × 5″. An X-ray telescope from the Marshall Space Flight Center employs five metal filters to observe the 5–33 A spectral region with 2.5″ spatial resolution over the 40′ field of view. The Naval Research Laboratory has supplied two instruments: the first, an XUV spectroheliograph, covers wavelength regions 150–335 A and 321–625 A, with somewhat better than 5″ spatial resolution and a spectral resolution of 0.13 A (for a 10″ feature). The second instrument, a slit spectrograph, covers the spectral range 970–3940 A in two bands, 970–1970 and 1940–3940, and has 0.5 and 0.1 A spectral resolution respectively, with a 2″ × 60″ slit. Additionally, these principal experiments are supported by two Hα telescopes and a broadband (150–600 A) ultraviolet monitor for astronaut use. All experiments except that of the Harvard College Observatory (which utilizes photoelectric detectors) employ film to be recovered and installed during astronaut extravehicular activity. Operating in concert in a joint observing program designed to obtain observations of certain solar phenomena, the experiments have now completed more than two months of manned operation and, in the case of the AS&E, HCO and HAO instruments, approximately two additional months of unmanned operations. Representative preliminary results are outlined from several of the experiments below.
K-Redundant Trees for Safe and Efficient Multi-robot Recovery in Complex Environments

This paper presents a self-stabilizing distributed algorithm to recover a large number of robots safely and efficiently in a goal location. Previously, we designed a distributed algorithm, called DMLST, to recover robots [1]. Our approach constructed a maximum-leaf spanning tree for physical routing, such that interior robots remained stationary and leaf robots move. In this paper, we extend our approach to k-DMLST recovery that provides k-connectivity in the network, meaning that each robot is connected to the goal location through k trees. This redundancy provides stronger network connectivity by reducing the probability of losing the parent during recovery. We also propose an efficient navigation algorithm for the motion of robots which guarantees forward progress during the recovery. k-DMLST recovery has been tested and compared with other methods in simulation, and implemented on a physical multi-robot system. A basic recovery algorithm fails in all experiments, and DMLST recovery is not successful in few trials. However, k-DMLST recovery efficiently recovers more than 90 % of robots in all trials.
A multistage crucible of revision and approval shapes IPCC policymaker summaries.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) member governments approve each report’s summary for policymakers (SPM) by consensus, discussing and agreeing on each sentence in a plenary session with scientist authors. A defining feature of IPCC assessment, the governmental approval process builds joint ownership of current knowledge by scientists and governments. The resulting SPM revisions have been extensively discussed in anecdotes, interviews, and perspectives, but they have not been comprehensively analyzed. We provide an in-depth evaluation of IPCC SPM revisions, establishing an evidential basis for understanding their nature. Revisions associated with governmental review and approval generally expand SPMs, with SPM text growing by 17 to 53% across recent assessment reports. Cases of high political sensitivity and failure to reach consensus are notable exceptions, resulting in SPM contractions. In contrast to recent claims, we find that IPCC SPMs are as readable, for multiple metrics of reading ease, as other professionally edited assessment summaries. Across reading-ease metrics, some SPMs become more readable through governmental review and approval, whereas others do not. In an SPM examined through the entire revision process, most revisions associated with governmental review and approval occurred before the start of the government-approval plenary session. These author revisions emphasize clarity, scientific rigor, and explanation. In contrast, the subsequent plenary revisions place greater emphasis especially on policy relevance, comprehensiveness of examples, and nuances of expert judgment. Overall, the value added by the IPCC process emerges in a multistage crucible of revision and approval, as individuals together navigate complex science-policy terrain.
A Test of Inducements for Stimulating Consumer Participation in Laboratory Experiments

An experiment was undertaken to evaluate the cost of obtaining and the representativeness of consumer subjects for a laboratory experiment. Results indicate that a representative subject group can be obtained through the use of particular inducements at a cost lower than that for purchasing subjects from a research firm.
Incidence of early childhood caries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim was to systemically review the incidence of early childhood caries (ECC). The addressed focused question was “What is the reported incidence of ECC?” Indexed databases were searched using various key words. Five studies were included and processed for data extraction. All studies were prospective and two studies were randomized clinical trials. The number of participants ranged between 96 and 1275 children. Two studies reported the mean age of children, that ranged between 1.8 and 2.5 years (range 0.5 to 5 years). In three studies, the follow-up duration was 2 years, and in two studies the participants were followed-up till 3 and 5 years, respectively. Results from all studies reported that the incidence of ECC was significantly higher among children with caries at baseline compared with caries-free children. In conclusion, the incidence of ECC is significantly higher in children with a previous history of dental caries.
Some algebraic aspects of mesoprimary decomposition

Abstract Recent results of Kahle and Miller give a method of constructing primary decompositions of binomial ideals by first constructing “mesoprimary decompositions” determined by their underlying monoid congruences. Monoid congruences (and therefore, binomial ideals) can present many subtle behaviors that must be carefully accounted for in order to produce general results, and this makes the theory complicated. In this paper, we examine their results in the presence of a positive A-grading, where certain pathologies are avoided and the theory becomes more accessible. Our approach is algebraic: while key notions for mesoprimary decomposition are developed first from a combinatorial point of view, here we state definitions and results in algebraic terms, which are moreover significantly simplified due to our (slightly) restricted setting. In the case of toral components (which are well-behaved with respect to the A -grading), we are able to obtain further simplifications under additional assumptions. We also provide counterexamples to two open questions, identifying (i) a binomial ideal whose hull is not binomial, answering a question of Eisenbud and Sturmfels, and (ii) a binomial ideal I for which I toral is not binomial, answering a question of Dickenstein, Miller and the first author.
The Effect of Migration Energies on Reducing Overprediction in Radiation-Induced Segregation Models

Models for calculating radiation-induced segregation (RIS) in concentrated alloys based solely on differences in the magnitude of the vacancy driven flux typically overpredict the amount of grain boundary segregation. A simple sensitivity analysis is used to show that the overprediction may be linked to the choice of input parameters. By varying the Cr-vacancy migration energy from 1.300eV to 1.320 eV and the Fe-vacancy migration energy from1.300eV to 1.305 eV, well within their experimental uncertainty, RIS model calculations are brought into better agreement with AES and STEM-EDS measurements of grain boundary segregation in Fe-Cr-Ni alloys irradiated with protons at 7x 10−6 dpa/s at various temperatures and doses.
Abstract 14806: TV Viewing and Incident Venous Thromboembolism: the Atherosclerotic Risk in Communities Study

Introduction: TV viewing is associated with risk of arterial vascular diseases, but has not been evaluated in relation to venous thromboembolism VTE risk in a US. population. Hypothesis: We tested ...
Combining pediocin (ALTA 2341) with postpackaging thermal pasteurization for control of Listeria monocytogenes on frankfurters.

Frankfurters packaged in 1-link, 5-link, or 10-link packages were surface-inoculated with a five-strain mixture of Listeria monocytogenes (3.40 or 5.20 log CFU/g) after treatments with 3,000 arbitrary units (AU) or 6,000 AU pediocin (in ALTA 2341) per link. The frankfurters were vacuum packaged, after which the packages were heated in hot water at 71, 81, or 96°C for 30, 60, or 120 s. L. monocytogenes was enumerated following the treatments. Selected treatments were subsequently evaluated during storage at 4, 10, and 25°C for up to 12 weeks. L. monocytogenes was reduced by all treatments, but 81°C or more for at least 60 s in combination with pediocin (Pdn-6000) was necessary to achieve a 50% reduction of initial inoculations. Heat treatments were most effective for 1-link packages and least effective for 10-link packages. Little or no growth of L. monocytogenes occurred on frankfurters for 12 weeks at 4 or 10°C, and for 12 days at 25°C. Generally, the treatments mentioned above did not significantly (P >...
RF Built-in-Self-Calibration

The notion of cognitive radios came about a bit more than a decade ago, where it was suggested the radios should become powerful enough and smart enough to sense the outside world and environment and adjust their inputs and outputs accordingly. However, this deals only with the outside world, introspect cognition is also needed – an awareness of the radio’s own state – to allow it to adjust, or calibrate, its own internal components, especially now that the radio building blocks are becoming more volatile and prone to failure.
THE TROPHIC QUALITY OF THE NEURON: SOME THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS.

Publisher Summary The nerves at the wound surface play an essential role in the regeneration of external body parts in lower vertebrates. The axonal processes themselves are dependent upon their cell bodies for their integrity and growth. Both the extracellular and the intracellular growth influences are the same, and nerve fibers continuously leak trophic substance into peripheral tissues. The trophic qualities of the neuron are not unique for the neuron alone. They are shared by living cells in general, the difference being that the neuron, because of its tremendous volume of peripheral cytoplasm, is specialized quantitatively in their production. These theories are discussed against the background of some modern views of axoplasmic flow and neuronal metabolism. In the lower vertebrates, fins, tails, limbs and other parts, ordinarily capable of regrowing after amputation, do not regenerate when the nerves of supply are cut. The action of the nerve, commonly called “trophic,” on these peripheral structures shows that the function of maintenance and growth of morphological structure is not confined to the nerve processes themselves but is exerted on the organs of innervation as well.\
Sexual Ethics: Some Perspectives from the History of Philosophy

Human life is a complex and rich endeavor, of which sexuality is but one element, albeit centrally important. As an element of a complex, the significance of sexuality must be judged in terms of its place in the constellation of human affairs. Moreover, concepts of sexuality have an evolving character. This is in part due to changes in our views of sex, which in turn depend on diverse evaluations and understandings of the world. These change and develop with changes in philosophical perspectives. Consequently, the significance of sexuality depends on its position with reference to a wide range of human values. Conversely, the position one gives to sexuality will determine the significance assigned to other endeavors we engage in. This essay investigates the significance philosophers have assigned to sexuality, particularly as it contributes to the good or moral life of individuals: How have philosophical traditions understood the interplay among issues in sexuality, ethics, and the lives of persons? Is there an ethics unique to sex? Are canons of moral probity regarding sex to be found in some concrete normative understanding of sexuality? Or, might they be found in that which is intrinsic to morality itself? If neither account is sustainable, what then can be said about the character of sexual ethics? Our answers to these questions are the culmination of two millenia of reflections.
Ultrasensitive Quantification of Cytokine Proteins in Single Lymphocytes From Human Blood Following ex-vivo Stimulation.

Here we demonstrate the feasibility of direct, quantitative measurement of cytokine proteins in single human CD8 lymphocytes from fresh peripheral blood of healthy donors. Cytokine-secreting cells were identified using cell surface “catch” reagents. Single cell data were obtained by sorting of cytokine-secreting cells into 96 well plates containing lysis buffer followed by analysis using ultrasensitive immunoassays for interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). CD8 T cells displayed an average of 5.97 femtogram (fg) IFN-γ per cell, with a range of 1.27-15.47 fg (n=28). Per cell averages of IFN-γ in CD8 T cells showed similar results when sorting 2, 5, or 10 cells per well (6.00 fg/cell, 5.73 fg/cell, and 5.25 fg/cell, respectively) (n=28), with an average of all measurements of 5.74 fg IFN-γ per cell (SD=1.96), equal to 178,660 molecules. Surface IFN-γ negative cells revealed a mean of 1.40 fg/cell, suggesting the baseline background. Experiments from TNF-α-producing CD8 T cells showed a mean of 2.49 fg/cell TNF-α (n=28) (0.675 – 5.13 fg/cell) equals to 59,654 molecules, while sorting 2, 5, and 10 cells per well-lysate have means of 1.59 fg/cell, 1.30 fg/cell, and 1.16 fg/cell (n=28). TNF-α-negative cells showed a mean on 0.61 fg/cell (n=28). This study demonstrates that it is feasible to quantify cytokines from individual primary cells. A shift from qualitative to quantitative determinations of cytokine protein levels in single cells will permit more precise and reproducible studies of heterogeneity in the immune system and can be accomplished with readily available instrumentation.
Abstract WP118: Incidence and Management of Re-stenosis in Patients Stented for Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease: A Consecutive Series of 226 Patients

Introduction: Angioplasty and stenting for intracranial atherosclerotic disease can re-establish adequate luminal diameter in highly stenotic arteries and improve cerebral blood flow. As in other v...
Inpatient Medical Care

Inpatient medical care of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be quite challenging. There is a lack of studies to guide providers in best practices and care of patients with ASD in the inpatient setting. Based upon our experience at Massachusetts General Hospital, we have developed special tools integrating the Electronic Health Record and a multidisciplinary approach with focused attention to input from families in order to provide the best quality of care for patients with ASD in the hospital. There is a significant need for further research in this area.
Infant mortality and adult wellbeing: Evidence from wartime Britain

Abstract A growing literature argues that early environments affecting childhood health may influence significantly later-life health and socioeconomic status. In this article, we present new evidence on the relationship between infant mortality and later-life outcomes using variation in infant mortality in England and Wales at the onset of World War II. We exploit the variation in infant mortality across birth cohorts and regions to estimate associations between infant mortality and adult outcomes, such as health, disability, and employment. Our findings suggest that exposure to a higher infant mortality environment is significantly associated with higher likelihood of reporting poor health, a higher likelihood of reporting a disability, a lower probability of employment, and a higher probability of reporting no earned income. We also find that the effects of the infant health environment do not become manifest until after age 55.
Infocommunications Media Development Authority (IMDA) Convergence of Competition Code for the Media and Telecommunications Markets, Comment of the Global Antitrust Institute, Antonin Scalia Law School, George Mason University

This Comment is submitted to the Infocommunications Media Development Authority (IMDA) for consideration in relation to its Convergence of Competition Code for the Media and Telecommunications Markets. Specifically, we address Part XII: Competition in a Digital Economy, where the IMDA engages in an important discussion regarding the role of competition policy in the digital economy. It is absolutely critical to get competition policy right in this key sector given that innovation drives most of the growth in a modern economy. We submit this Comment based upon our extensive experience and expertise in antitrust law and economics. As an organization committed to promoting sound economic analysis as the foundation of antitrust enforcement and competition policy, the Global Antitrust Institute (“GAI”) commends the IMDA for inviting discussion in regard to the important topics covered in the Report.
Solar Cycle Variation of the Heliospheric Plasma Sheet Thickness

Past independent studies of the heliospheric plasma sheet (HPS) have shown that the thickness is highly variable, ranging from $\approx 3.8 \times 10^{5}$ to $8.9 \times 10^{6}$ km. Here we conduct a survey of the previous results and find a solar cycle dependence – where the HPS tends to be wider during solar-minimum years and narrower during solar-maximum years. The HPS is thicker near solar minimum than near solar maximum by a factor of 1.6 (in Solar Cycle 23) and 8 (in Solar Cycle 24). We also found that the average HPS thickness in 2007 (near the minimum of Solar Cycle 23/24) was almost ten times larger than that in 1995 (near minimum of Solar Cycle 22/23), and it was associated with a weak polar magnetic field in 2007. Based on the solar-surface-field measurements, we found that the average solar magnetic-field strength [ $| \boldsymbol{B}|$ ] at 2.5 solar radii [R⊙] was $\approx 40$ % larger in 1995 than in 2007 (0.22 gauss versus 0.16 gauss). We also found a larger ( $\approx 27 $ %) magnetic pressure-gradient force in 1995 than in 2007. Because this magnetic gradient force points toward the Equator in the corona (which is probably also true farther out), a wider HPS is expected to occur in 2007 than in 1995, at least close to the Sun. This result supports the so-called heliospheric plasma-sheet inflation hypothesis, i.e. the HPS is wider if the Sun’s polar field is weaker and narrower if the Sun’s polar field is stronger.
Theory and Application of Motion Around Equilibrium Positions

Abstract The motion associated with equilibrium configurations of dynamical systems is treated. The general results are then applied to astronomy and to space dynamics. The theory of libration points in the restricted problem of three bodies is presented in two parts, showing the essentially different dynamical properties associated with collinear and triangular Lagrangian points. The next branch point in the general theory occurs at a special value of the mass parameter at which the stability character of the equilateral points changes. The nonlinear effects are considered at this point, and it is shown how the linear approach must be modified to arrive at meaningful results for motions of finite amplitude. The actual physical picture is scrutinized, and the validity of the assumptions of the restricted problem of three bodies is assessed. A critical review of the literature, is included, with mention of the basic contributions as well as the recent engineering developments.
Underlying Causes and Distribution of Infant Mortality in a Statewide Assessment from 2005 to 2016 by Infant, Maternal, and Neighborhood Characteristics.

BACKGROUND We aimed to explore the leading causes and risk factors for infant mortality in a statewide study of infant deaths from 2005 to 2016. METHODS Rhode Island Vital Statistics was linked with KIDSNET, a statewide-integrated child health information system. Descriptive analyses examined infant mortality rates as well as risk factors of infant, neonatal, and postneonatal death. A multivariable logistic regression model of the risk of infant mortality adjusting for risk factors was computed. RESULTS The majority (74%) of infant deaths occurred during the neonatal period. The top cause of infant mortality was prematurity (20.4%). After adjustment, infants born <28 weeks had 38.1 higher odds of mortality compared to term infants (p<0.01). Low 5-minute Apgar score, birth defects, less than 10 prenatal visits, and low maternal weight gain were associated with higher odds of infant mortality (p<0.01). DISCUSSION Substantial reductions in the infant mortality rate will require improving strategies to prevent preterm births as well as using factors identifiable at birth to focus prevention efforts on those at higher risk.
Minimally Invasive Surgery

In 1987, Mouret performed the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy - dramatically changing the history of surgical practice. No other aspect of surgery has developed with such vigor as laparoscopy. Previously, surgeons had attempted to define the maximum level of surgical intervention a patient could withstand - but as laparoscopic surgery developed, this paradigm was turned on its head. Minimally invasive surgeons are continuing to determine and redefine how much can be accomplished through smaller incisions and with minimal surgical stress. Laparoscopy is still only in its infancy. This article reviews current aspects of laparoscopic surgery in 1999-2000 in relation to gallbladder, gastric, colorectal, and splenic disease, as well as reviewing the current role of laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of abdominal wall hernias.
Demo Abstract: Building a Smart Parking System on College Campus

Parking shortage is a common problem for U.S. colleges and universities, one of the major solutions is to equip existing parking lots with smart parking systems. While various smart parking systems have been developed to provide parking monitoring and guidance, the central problem is how to make the tradeoff between the cost, accuracy and reliability. In this demo, we present our system that integrates IoT sensors and surveillance cameras to count vehicles at a parking structure. The accompanying website provides real-time parking space availability, floor-level capacity estimation and parking occupancy prediction. Overall, we plan to share our experiencing on building a low-cost yet reliable smart parking system on college campus.
The Prevalence of Uterine Fibroids in African American Women with Hemoglobin SS Sickle Cell Disease as Determined by Pelvic Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Rationale and Objectives This study explores the relationship between the development of uterine fibroids and hemoglobin SS sickle cell disease (SCD) by examining the prevalence of uterine fibroids as detected by pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in African American (AA) women with and without SCD. Materials and Methods A single-center, retrospective review was performed of all adult AA women at a large, academic medical center who received pelvic MRI from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2018. Propensity score matching conditional on age and ZIP code evaluated the differences in fibroid prevalence between the two groups. Subanalyses by age in 10-year intervals were also performed. Results Twenty-one (23.9%) of 88 patients with SCD had fibroids on pelvic MRI versus 1493 (52.1%) of 2868 patients without SCD (p value Conclusion These findings indicate an overall significantly lower prevalence of uterine fibroids in AA women with SCD, suggesting that SCD may be protective against the development of uterine fibroids in these patients.
The Twentieth Chapter

The last enterprise of Satan, the common adversary of man, doth this chapter following declare, fetching an original from the beginning of Christ’s spiritual kingdom, to conclude with the whole for our necessary instruction as a brief rehearsal of all that is in a manner spoken afore was this unto John (lest he should of obliviousness forget, as man’s nature is forgetful, these wonderful mysteries and singular premonishments of that Lord most expedient to be known of his church) that she might by them see aforehand the wily crafts of the Devil and his members, and to beware of them; besides that to take courage, patiently to suffer their cruel persecutions—for a thing oft rehearsed departeth not so soon the memory as that is but once told, which caused this evangelist not only here in this place, but also in his gospel and first epistle, oft to repeat the sayings, lest he should seem faintly to pass them over, and because the reader should the more earnestly mark them.