cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Time course of extracellular dopamine and behavioral sensitization to cocaine. II. Dopamine perikarya

Cocaine was administered daily (15 mg/kg, i.p. x 1 d followed by 30 mg/kg, i.p. x 5 d) to produce behavioral sensitization. Using microdialysis in the ventral tegmental area and medial substantia nigra, the effect of repeated cocaine was examined on the extracellular levels of dopamine. One day after discontinuing repeated cocaine injections, an acute challenge with cocaine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a significant elevation in extracellular dopamine compared to rats pretreated with daily saline (x6 d). The augmentation in extracellular dopamine persisted longer than the sensitized behavioral response. In contrast, 14 d after discontinuing daily cocaine, the increase in extracellular dopamine produced by an acute cocaine challenge was not augmented, although behavioral sensitization was present. In separate animals, the basal concentration of dopamine in the ventral tegmental area/medial substantia nigra was measured by determining the concentration of dopamine at which no net flux occurred across the dialysis membrane in vivo. One day after discontinuing daily treatments, the basal level of extracellular dopamine in the cocaine pretreated rats was significantly elevated over the level in saline- pretreated animals (1.3 nM vs. 0.8 nM). By 14 d after the last daily injection, the basal levels of dopamine were equivalent in cocaine- and saline-pretreated animals. It is concluded that daily cocaine injections produce a transient alteration in the regulation of somatodendritic dopamine release. While such changes are not responsible for the long-term behavioral sensitization produced by repeated cocaine administration, they may be involved in the initiation of behavioral sensitization.
AML/X: a programming language for design and manufacturing

AML/X is a modern general purpose high level programming language, aimed at applications in manufacturing and computer aided design. It includes features for both conventional and cPbject-oriented programming. The AML/X interpreter is implemented in C and has been ported to IBM 370, Motorola 68000, and IBM PC hardware, running under CMS, UNIX, XENIX, and DOS. This paper describes the rationale for AML/X and gives an overview of the language itself.
A novel transposon trap for mycobacteria: isolation and characterization of IS1096.

Abstract In the course of developing strategies to obtain a mutation in the aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (asd) gene of Mycobacterium smegmatis, an efficient transposon trap was constructed which may be generally useful for the identification of transposable elements in mycobacteria. A DNA fragment containing the asd gene was replaced with an aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene (aph) to generate a delta asd::aph allele. Attempts to replace the wild-type asd gene with the delta asd::aph allele were unsuccessful, suggesting that this deletion was lethal to the growth of M. smegmatis. The plasmid, pYUB215, which contains beta-galactosidase expressed from a mycobacteriophage promoter and delta asd::aph, was integrated into the chromosome of M. smegmatis by a homologous, single-crossover, recombination event. Visual screening for inactivation of the beta-galactosidase gene in the resulting strain allowed the isolation of a novel mycobacterial insertion element from M. smegmatis. This insertion element, which is unique to M. smegmatis, was designated IS1096 and transposes at a frequency of 7.2 x 10(-5) per cell in an apparently random fashion. IS1096 is 2,275 bp in length and contains two open reading frames which are predicted to encode proteins involved in transposition. This insertion element exhibits several characteristics that suggest it may be a useful tool for genetic analysis of mycobacteria, possibly including the study of mechanisms of pathogenesis.
Pediatric AIDS/HIV Infection

Pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease with social and political ramifications that affect both research and psychotherapy with children and families. This paper examines selected clinical and ethical issues psychologists may encounter in research or psychotherapy with children, adolescents, or parents who are positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody or have AIDS. A brief overview of AIDS-related research and future directions is presented with particular relevance to pediatric psychology.
Relationships between measures of feed efficiency and transmitting ability for milk of Holstein cows.

Abstract Feed efficiency measures, gross energy (solids-corrected milk/estimated energy intake) and nitrogen (milk nitrogen/ nitrogen intake) utilization, and apparent digestibilities of ration dry matter, nitrogen, acid detergent fiber, and starch were calculated for 134 samples of 75 daughters of 31 Holstein sires. Cows were in 5-to 9-day nitrogen balance trials in first and second trimesters of lactation and were fed for ad libitum consumption corn silage-based complete rations formulated to meet average nutrient requirements. The objective was to test the hypothesis that feed efficiency diminishes as milk increases from selection. The sample of cows closely approximated the distribution of genetic ability for milk of the Holstein breed. Nonsiblings of same parity (one, two, three or more), calving within 2 wk of each other and differing by at least 140 kg estimated transmitting ability, were paired in nitrogen balance trials. Evidence for diminishing returns to increased transmitting ability for milk was nil for any measure of feed efficiency. Energy efficiency showed linear increases when regressed on cow transmitting ability for fat-corrected milk, but other measures of dietary utilization were unrelated to milk yield.
University marginal instructional costs: Implications for charges to overseas students☆

Abstract This paper is a summary of a study of the marginal costs of graduate instruction in a large public research university, and draws implications for financing foreign enrollments. The major finding is that because the teaching costs directly facing faculty differ from their budgetary rewards for instruction, faculty have the means to support basic research and to give aid to the most desired students, including foreigners. We also found that faculty members' marginal costs of classroom instruction are generally low. While advising is costly, it has offsetting benefits, especially in the laboratory sciences. The costs of instructing and advising foreign and domestic students are equal.
Fates of the molecular anions of SF6 and C7F14 upon recombination with positive ions

Abstract Experiments are described by which the fates of the molecular anions of sulfur hexafluoride, SF6, and perfluoromethylcyclohexane, C7F14, upon recombination with positive ions are determined in nitrogen buffer gas at a pressure of 1.33 atm from 30°C to 180°C. It is shown that C7F14− is converted primarily back to the parent molecule, C7F14, by its ion/ion recombination (IIR) reactions, while SF6− is converted primarily to unknown altered neutrals by its IIR reactions. These results are in very good agreement with those previously obtained by Valkenburg et al. [J. Chem. Phys., 86 (1987) 6782] using a different experimental method. The implications of the present results with respect to the fates of SF6 and C7F14 in the Earth's atmosphere are discussed.
The influence of cytoreductive surgery on recurrence-free interval and survival in small volume stage III epithelial ovarian cancer : a Gynecologic Oncology Group study

Gynecologic Oncology Group Protocol 52, a randomized trial of cisplatin and cyclophosphamide with or without doxorubicin in "optimal" Stage III epithelial ovarian cancer, failed to demonstrate a significant difference in the outcome in 349 evaluable patients. Additional review of the records was carried out to determine the influence of cytoreductive surgery on survival. Since eligibility for the study was the presence of residual cancer of 1 cm or less, the influence of cytoreductive surgery could be evaluated by comparing outcome in patients presenting with large-volume extrapelvic disease, but who were cytoreduced to small-volume disease. Factors evaluated were age, cell type, grade, size, and location of disease at exploration, size, and location of residual disease after cytoreduction, number of residual nodules, ascites, type of surgery, blood loss, and hospital days. Univariate analysis revealed that age, size of residual disease, mucinous or clear cell histologic type, histologic grade, and number of residual lesions were significant prognostic factors. By univariate analysis patients found to have extrapelvic disease of 1 cm or less had a better recurrence-free interval and survival than those patients with large-volume disease who were cytoreduced to disease of 1 cm or less. Multivariate analysis revealed that older age, histologic grades 2 and 3, and 20 or more residual lesions were unfavorable. The volume of initial extrapelvic disease remained significant when gross disease was present in the omentum and in other extrapelvic sites. This study failed to prove the hypothesis that initial cytoreductive surgery would allow a patient presenting with large-volume ovarian cancer to have the same chance for survival as a patient found to have small-volume disease. Factors other than cytoreductive surgery are important in predicting survival.
Gamma-Ray Astronomy---A Status Report

Gamma-rays provide us with powerful insight into the highest energy processes occurring in the cosmos. This review highlights some of the progress in our understanding of gamma-ray astronomy that has been enabled by new data from GRANAT and the Compton Gamma-Ray Observaatory, and suggests requirements for future progress. In particular, the unique role of the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL) mission and concurrent multiwavelength observations is highlighted.
Axial anomaly in D = 3 + 1 light-cone QED

We consider (3+1)-dimensional, Dirac electrons of arbitrary mass, propagating in the presence of electric and magnetic fields which are both parallel to the ${x}^{3}$ axis. The magnetic field is constant in space and time whereas the electric field depends arbitrarily upon the light-cone time parameter ${x}^{+}{=(x}^{0}{+x}^{3})/\sqrt{2}.$ We present an explicit solution to the Heisenberg equations for the electron field operator in this background. The electric field results in the creation of electron-positron pairs. We compute the expectation values of the vector and axial vector currents in the presence of a state which is free vacuum at ${x}^{+}=0.$ Both current conservation and the standard result for the axial vector anomaly are verified for the first time ever in (3+1)-dimensional light-cone QED. An interesting feature of our operator solution is the fact that it depends in an essential way upon operators from the characteristic at ${x}^{\ensuremath{-}}=\ensuremath{-}L,$ in addition to the usual dependence upon operators at ${x}^{+}=0.$ This dependence survives even in the limit of infinite L. Ignoring the ${x}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ operators leads to a progressive loss of unitarity, to the violation of current conservation, to the loss of renormalizability, and to an incorrect result for the axial vector anomaly.
Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension: Perioperative management in patients with pulmonary hypertension

Patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) are being encountered more commonly in the perioperative period and this trend is likely to increase as improvements in the recognition, management, and treatment of the disease continue to occur. Management of these patients is challenging due to their tenuous hemodynamic status. Recent advances in the understanding of the patho-physiology, risk factors, monitoring, and treatment of the disease provide an opportunity to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with PH in the peri-operative period. Management of these patients requires a multi-disciplinary approach and meticulous care that is best provided in centers with vast experience in PH. In this review, we provide a detailed discussion about oerioperative strategies in PH patients, and give evidence-based recommendations, when applicable.
The Smallest Interesting World

Within a set-grammatical frame, multiple structures are determined for a line by using an object–feature approach. The Galois connection and its related lattice is employed. Most ‘world-pictures’ of the line are not Boolean.
ACE2 Improves Right Ventricular Function in a Pressure Overload Model

Background Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is a complication of pulmonary hypertension and portends a poor prognosis. Pharmacological therapies targeting RV function in pulmonary hypertension may reduce symptoms, improve hemodynamics, and potentially increase survival. We hypothesize that recombinant human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (rhACE2) will improve RV function in a pressure overload model. Results rhACE2 administered at 1.8 mg/kg/day improved RV systolic and diastolic function in pulmonary artery banded mice as measured by in vivo hemodynamics. Specifically, rhACE2 increased RV ejection fraction and decreased RV end diastolic pressure and diastolic time constant (p<0.05). In addition, rhACE2 decreased RV hypertrophy as measured by RV/LV+S ratio (p<0.05). There were no significant negative effects of rhACE2 administration on LV function. rhACE2 had no significant effect on fibrosis as measured by trichrome staining and collagen1α1 expression. In pulmonary artery banded mice, rhACE2 increased Mas receptor expression and normalized connexin 37 expression. Conclusion In a mouse RV load-stress model of early heart failure, rhACE2 diminished RV hypertrophy and improved RV systolic and diastolic function in association with a marker of intercellular communication. rhACE2 may be a novel treatment for RV failure.
Mutations in the Bacillus subtilis glnRA operon that cause nitrogen source-dependent defects in regulation of TnrA activity

The Bacillus subtilis nitrogen transcriptional factor TnrA is inactive in cells grown with excess nitrogen, e.g., glutamine or glutamate plus ammonium, because feedback-inhibited glutamine synthetase (product of glnA) binds to TnrA and blocks its DNA-binding activity. Two conditional mutations that allow TnrA-dependent gene expression in cells grown with glutamate plus ammonium, but not in glutamine-grown cells, were characterized. One mutant contained a mutation in the glnA ribosome binding site, while the other mutant synthesized a truncated GlnR protein that constitutively repressed glnRA expression. The levels of glutamine synthetase were reduced in both mutants. As a result, when these mutants are grown with excess nitrogen in the absence of glutamine, there is insufficient production of the feedback inhibitors necessary to convert glutamine synthetase into its feedback-inhibited form and TnrA-activated genes are expressed at high levels.
Metal mediated inhibition of methionine aminopeptidase by quinolinyl sulfonamides

Quinolinyl sulfonamides, such as N-(quinolin-8-yl)methanesulfonamide (10) and N-(5-chloroquinolin-8-yl)methanesulfonamide (11), were identified as potent methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) inhibitors by high throughput screening of a diverse chemical library of small organic compounds. They showed different inhibitory potencies on Co(II)-, Ni(II)-, Fe(II)-, Mn(II)-, and Zn(II)-forms of Escherichia coli MetAP, and their inhibition is dependent on metal concentration. X-ray structures of E. coli MetAP complexed with 10 revealed that the inhibitor forms a metal complex with the residue H79 at the enzyme active site; the complex is further stabilized by an extended H-bond and metal interaction network. Analysis of the inhibition of MetAP by these inhibitors indicates that this is a typical mechanism of inhibition for many non-peptidic MetAP inhibitors and emphasizes the importance of defining in vitro conditions for identifying and evaluating MetAP inhibitors that will be capable of giving information relevant to the in vivo situation.
On Computing Boolean Connectives of Characteristic Functions

This paper is a study of the existence of polynomial time Boolean connective functions for languages. A languageL has an AND function if there is a polynomial timef such thatf(x,y) eL ⇔x eL andy e L. L has an OR function if there is a polynomial timeg such thatg(x,y) e⇔xeL oryeL. While all NP complete sets have these functions, Graph Isomorphism, which is probably not complete, is also shown to have both AND and OR functions. The results in this paper characterize the complete sets for the classes Dp and pSAT[O(logn)] in terms of AND and OR and relate these functions to the structure of the Boolean hierarchy and the query hierarchies. Also, this paper shows that the complete sets for the levels of the Boolean hierarchy above the second level cannot have AND or OR unless the polynomial hierarchy collapses. Finally, most of the structural properties of the Boolean hierarchy and query hierarchies are shown to depend only on the existence of AND and OR functions for the NP complete sets.
A comparison of the spectral sensitivities of monkeys with anisometropic and stimulus deprivation amblyopia.

Abstract Psychophysical procedures were used to determine increment-threshold spectral sensitivity functions for monkeys with either stimulus deprivation amblyopia produced by monocular lid suture or anisometropic amblyopia produced by optical defocus. The spectral sensitivity functions obtained from all of the non-treated control eyes had 3 sensitivity maxima at approximately 445, 520 and 610 nm, and were typical of functions for humans and monkeys with normal trichromatic vision. Relative to their paired control eyes, the amblyopic eyes of all of the lid-sutured monkeys demonstrated reductions in absolute sensitivity. In addition, the amblyopic eyes of the monkeys form-deprived at 1 month of age exhibited alterations in the shapes of their spectral sensitivity functions. The pattern of spectral sensitivity deficits observed in the monkeys form-deprived at 1 month of age varied with the duration of deprivation and indicated that the spectral characteristics of the neural mechanisms mediating stimulus detection in these lid-sutured monkeys' amblyopic and control eyes were substantially different. In contrast, none of the anisometropic amblyopes demonstrated any alterations in the shapes of their spectral sensitivity functions and only one anisometropic subject exhibited a reduction in sensitivity. A comparison of the spectral sensitivity deficits observed in our lid-sutured and anisometropic monkeys reveals that when lid suture and optical defocus are initiated early in life for equivalent periods of time, lid suture produces abnormalities which are both qualitatively and quantitively different from the abnormalities produced by optical defocus. Therefore, in addition to factors such as the age of onset and the duration of deprivation, it is concluded that the degree of image degradation is important in determining which visual functions are affected and to what extent they are affected.
Pulpal response to a dentin and enamel bonding system

Abstract The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the pulpal response to compounds that promote strong adhesion to dentin and enamel. Two adult beagle dogs were used. Class V cavities were prepared on the labial surfaces of the teeth using an air turbine handpiece and water coolant. After application in sequence of ferric oxalate, water, air, an acetone solution of NPG-GMA (the addition reaction product of N-phenylglycine and glycidyl methacrylate), acetone, air, an acetone solution of PMDM (the addition reaction product of pyromellitic dianhydride with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), and then air, all experimental cavities were restored with Adaptic. The teeth from one quadrant in each dog received Adaptic without any pretreatment (control). The findings indicated that 28 days postoperatively there were no inflammatory changes in the pulps of the experimental teeth and mild responses in the control teeth. At 3 days, while the control teeth showed some inflammatory response, the experimental teeth did not exhibit significant inflammatory response. Within the parameters of this investigation, the results suggest that the experimental materials did not cause pulpal irritation. Furthermore, it appears that they provided some measure of pulp protection compared to the controls.
The Effect of Next-Generation Catalogs on Catalogers and Cataloging Functions in Academic Libraries

Next-generation catalogs or discovery tools (NGCs) overlay existing bibliographic data and repackage it in displays that differ from the traditional catalog. Many implementations of NGCs have revealed errors, omissions, or inconsistencies in the underlying data that had not been apparent in the traditional catalog. This study explored the effect of NGCs on cataloging functions and catalogers in academic libraries, examining catalogers’ participation in the selection and implementation processes, identifying and correcting data problems, changes to procedures or workflow, and staffing.
A comparison of fluoroscopy and computed tomography-derived volumetric multiple exposure transmission holography for the guidance of lumbar pedicle screw insertion.

HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY HAS recently been modified in such a manner that it may now provide clinical use. It allows the visualization of complex structures in three dimensions and permits clinician interaction with the image, which, in turn, provides significant additional geometric and anatomic information. To objectively assess the potential clinical applicability of holography in pedicle screw placement, we studied 11 elderly human cadavers. All of the cadavers, each of which showed significant degenerative disease of the lumbar spine, underwent thin-section computed tomographic scans of the lumbar spine. The acquired digital information was processed, and volumetric multiple exposure transmission holographic images were rendered. Pedicle screws were passed into anatomically acceptable and radiographically visualized L3-L5 pedicles in each cadaver, half using fluoroscopic guidance and half using holographic guidance alone. The accuracy of screw placement was objectively assessed by a three-point grading scale. The total score for the placement of each pedicle screw was determined by both trajectory (location within the pedicle) and accuracy (containment within the vertebral body) of screw tip placement parameters. Three points were possible for each screw placed. Screw placement in the last six cadavers was individually timed for each technique, and fluoroscopic time was also recorded. Each technique was used on 27 pedicles. The total score for fluoroscopic screw placement was 71 (71 of a possible 81 ; 88%) and for holographic screw placement was 74 (74 of a possible 81 ; 91%). In the last six cadavers, the screw placement time (per cadaver) was 8 minutes for fluoroscopic placement and 3.6 minutes for holographic placement. Fluoroscopic time averaged 1.9 minutes per cadaver. The close approximation of the accuracy of holographic guidance with that of fluoroscopic guidance, combined with its speed and safety, indicates that volumetric multiple exposure transmission holography may facilitate pedicle screw placement.
The End Game in Post-Reform Presidential Nominations

Candidate attrition is a central dynamic element of the post-reform presidential nomination process. Candidates withdraw from the contest as their resources dwindle or as they fall significantly behind the front runner in voter support. This article tests six measures of delegate strength to judge at what stage in the campaign the front runner's lead is sufficient to conclude that the nomination race is over. Since 1988, candidates in both parties have quickly left the race once the front runner has established such a lead.
Metabolic and endocrine consequences of social stress in a visible burrow system

Abstract The visible burrow system (VBS) is an ethologically relevant model of social stress, which has been used to study the aggression of male rats in a social context. Previous studies using the VBS have established physiological, endocrine, and neurochemical characteristics associated with chronic social stress in dominant and subordinate animals. A critical criterion in establishing an animal model for research is the replication of findings and the independent validation of the model. Here, we independently confirm previously reported findings and include novel control groups that are important in dissociating the effects of chronic social stress from those resulting from group-housing the male rats in an “enriched environment”. Furthermore, we show that whereas the VBS model is useful for males, it is not effective for studies of females because they do not form dominance hierarchies when housed in groups. We also extend the use of the VBS model to examine the etiology of stress-induced anorexia and obesity, finding that weight loss in subordinate rats is attributable to decreased adipose and lean tissue, whereas in dominant rats, it is associated only with adipose tissue loss. Consistent with this, the adiposity hormones leptin and insulin are decreased in subordinates and, to a lesser extent, in dominants, compared with the controls. In summary, the VBS model of chronic social stress is an ethologically relevant animal model and provides a valuable tool for studies of stress-related conditions and pathologies.
Reversal of absolute stereochemistry of the pyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazoline alkaloids vasicine, vasicinone, vasicinol and vasicinolone

Abstract The previously assigned 3 R configuration of (−)-vasicinone has been reversed and this pyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-9-one has been shown to have the 3 S -configuration ( 3 ) on the basis of an X-ray diffraction study of (+)-vasicinone hydrobromide. Likewise, the 3 R stereochemistry assigned earlier to (−)-vasicine (peganine) ( 1 ) on the basis of an X-ray analysis of its hydrochloride has also been reversed by reinvestigation of the X-ray diffraction analysis of the hydrobromide. The absolute stereochemistry of the alkaloids (+)-vasicinol ( 2 ) and vasicinolone ( 5 ) which have been inter-related, should also have the 3 S -configuration. A study of the 1 H nmr spectroscopy of (−)-vasicine by the use of Mosher's method using MTPA [α-methoxy-α-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetic acid] esters indicated an exception to this model for establishing the absolute configuration.
Real root isolation for tame elementary functions

We present a real root isolation procedure for univariate elementary functions. The procedure finds the domain and the zero set of a function f in an arbitrary, possibly unbounded, interval as long as f is represented by a tame expression. An elementary expression is tame if the arguments of its trigonometric subexpressions are bounded. We discuss implementation of the procedure and give empirical results. The procedure requires the ability to determine signs of elementary functions at simple roots of other elementary functions. The currently known method to do this depends on Schanuel's conjecture [7].
Experimental investigation of wave velocity and dynamic contact stresses in an assembly of disks

Dynamic photoelasticity and strain-gage techniques are employed to study wave propagation and dynamic load transfer in granular media. The granular medium is modeled as one- and two-dimensional deterministic and random arrays of circular disks of polyester material Homalite 100. The dynamic loading is achieved by explosive excitation. The experimental data are analyzed to determine the wave velocities, to identify the characteristic load transfer paths, and to quantitatively obtain the dynamic contact forces in the granular assembly. It is observed that the wave-propagation and dynamic-load-transfer phenomenon depends on the disk diameter and the obliqueness and flexibility of the load-transfer paths. The wave speed drops significantly in the first few granules after which the decay is more gradual. The load transter is characterized by the contact length and the friction between the contacting granules. The peak loads drop as the distance of the contact points from the point of explosive loading increases. For two-dimensional wave propagation, the load-transfer paths and the magnitude of contacting forces depend on the angles made by the normals of the contacting disks at the contact point.
TOWARD AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE ROLE OF SPEECH RECOGNITION IN NONNATIVE SPEECH ASSESSMENT

The increasing availability and performance of computer-based testing has prompted more research on the automatic assessment of language and speaking proficiency. In this investigation, we evaluated the feasibility of using an off-the-shelf speech-recognition system for scoring speaking prompts from the LanguEdge field test of 2002. We first established the level of agreement between two trained scorers. We then adapted a speech engine to the language backgrounds and proficiency ranges of the speakers and developed a classification and regression tree (CART) for each of five prompts based on features computed from the output of the speech recognizer. In a validation on held-out data, we found that while our features are not sufficiently comprehensive to adequately score these prompts, collectively these features appear to capture reliably some aspects of speaking proficiency.
Nitrogenase. VIII. Mössbauer and EPR spectroscopy. The MoFe protein component from Azotobacter vinelandii OP.

We have studied the molybdenum-iron protein (MoFe protein, also known as component I) from Azobacter vinelandi using Mossbauer spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance on samples enriched with 57Fe. These spectra can be interpreted in terms of two EPR active centers, each of which is reducible by one electron. A total of four different chemical environments of Fe can be discerned. One of them is a cluster of Fe atoms with a net electronic spin of 3/2, one of them is high-spin ferrous iron and the remaining two are iron in a reduced state (probably in clusters). The results are as follows: Chemical analysis yields 11.5 Fe atoms and 12.5 labile sulfur atoms per molybdenum atom; the molecule contains two Mo atoms per 300 000 daltons. The EPR spectrum of the MoFe protein exhibits g values at 4.32, 3.65 and 2.01, associated with the ground state doublet of a S = 3/2 spin system. The spin Hamiltonian H = D(S2/z minus 5/4 + lambda(S2/x minus S2/y)) + gbeta/o S-H fits the experimental data for go = 2.00 and lambda = 0.055. Quantitative analysis of the temperature dependence of the EPR spectrum yields D/k = 7.5 degrees K and 0.91 spins/molybdenum atom, which suggests that the MoFe protein has two EPR active centers. Quantitative evaluation of Mossbauer spectra shows that approximately 8 iron atoms give rise to one quadrupole doublet; at lower temperatures magnetic spectra, associated with the groud electronic doublet, are observed; at least two magnetically inequivalent sites can be distinguished. Taken together the data suggest that each EPR center contains 4 iron atoms. The EPR and Mossbauer data can only be reconciled if these iron atoms reside in a spin-coupled (S = 3/2) cluster. Under nitrogen fixing conditions the magnetic Mossbauer spectra disappeared concurrently with the EPR signal and quadrupole doublets are obserced at all temperatures. The data suggest that each EPR active center is reduced by one electron. The Mossbauer investigation reveals three other spectral components characteristic of iron nuclei in an environment of integer or zero electronic spin, i.e. they reside in complexes which are "EPR-silent". One of the components (3-4 iron atoms) has Mossbauer parameters characteristic of the high-spin ferrous iron as in reduced ruberdoxin. However, measurements in strong fields indicate a diamagnetic environment. Another component, representing 9-11 iron atoms, seems to be diamagnetic also. It is suggested that these atoms are incorporated in spin-coupled clusters.
Birth Mothers Who Voluntarily Relinquish Infants for Adoption

(1998). Birth Mothers Who Voluntarily Relinquish Infants for Adoption. Adoption Quarterly: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 89-97.
Ultrasonic signs of pelvic osteomyelitis in children.

The ultrasonic findings were reviewed in 13 children in whom pelvic osteomyelitis was diagnosed by a positive99mtechnetium methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scan in conjunction with clinical and laboratory features of osteomyelitis. All patients presented with pain in the region of the hip joint. In six patients the ultrasound study was confined to the hip joint, and all six had normal findings. In seven patients the ultrasound study was extended to include the pelvis. Deep soft tissue swelling was demonstrated in six of these, including a periosseous abscess in one case. Ultrasonography was negative in one patient with a 5-week history, whose pelvic osteomyelitis was resolving at the time of the ultrasound study. Oedema of the obturator internus and externus muscles was observed in osteomyelitis affecting the pubis and ischium, and of the iliacus and/or the gluteus medius muscle in osteomyelitis of the ilium. In children presenting with hip pain who have a normal hip ultrasound study, extension of the ultrasound examination to include these four pelvic muscles may help to identify and document the progression of acute pelvic osteomyelitis.
20-HETE induces remodeling of renal resistance arteries independent of blood pressure elevation in hypertension

20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a cytochrome P-450 (Cyp)-derived arachidonic acid metabolite that has been shown to increase smooth muscle contractions and proliferation, stimulate end...
Composite fractional power wavelets

Wavelets have a tremendous ability to extract signals from noisy environments. However, the use of wavelets can be computationally expensive. The number of computations increases with the size of the wavelet family. Here a wavelet family is combined into a single complex-valued signal that can then be used to extract information form an input signal. The advantage is that the expense of computation is that of a single correlation rather than the several correlations required by the wavelet family. This new filter is constructed using a phase-encoded fractional power filter and offers the user the option of manipulating the trade-off generalization and discrimination that is inherent in first-order filtering. The result is a computationally cheaper method of using wavelets to detect signals embedded in noise.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Wavelength-insensitive all- optical clock extraction and enhancement of nonreturn-to-zero data using a semiconductor optical amplifier and fiber Bragg grating

A scheme for wavelength and polarization insensitive all-optical clock extraction and enhancement of nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) data is proposed and demonstrated. At 10 Gbit/s, more than 7-dB clock enhancement and 19-dB clock-to-data suppression ratio (CDSR) enhancement have been realized using a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and a reflective fiber Bragg grating (FBG) over a 30-nm input wavelength range.
Quercetinase, a dioxygenase containing copper

Summary Quercetinase, a dioxygenase that cleaves the heterocyclic ring of quercetin to yield carbon monoxide and 2-protocatechuoyl phloroglucinol carboxylic acid, was found by the emission spectrograph to contain copper. Iron was not detected. Compounds such as diethyldithiocarbamate and toluene-3,4-dithiol that chelate copper quite specifically were potent inhibitors (10−7 M) whereas 1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonate (10−2 M) which is quite specific for ferric iron, was not an effective inhibitor. The native enzyme is believed to contain the cupric ion for a color complex with 2,2′-biquinoline was not obtained unless reducing agents such as ascorbate or sodium dithionite were added.
A differential semblance algorithm for the inverse problem of reflection seismology

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of stability and convergence for a special case of differential semblance optimization (DSO). This approach to model estimation for reflection seismology is a variant of the output least squares inversion of seismograms, enjoying analytical and numerical properties superior to those of more straightforward versions. We study a specialization of DSO appropriate to the inversion of convolutional-approximation planewave seismograms over layered constant-density acoustic media. We prove that the differential semblance variational principle is locally convex in suitable model classes for a range of data noise. Moreover, the structure of the convexity estimates suggest a family of quasi-Newton algorithms. We describe an implementation of one of these algorithms, and present some numerical results.
Bradykinin and ATP accelerate Ca2+ efflux from rat sensory neurons via protein kinase C and the plasma membrane Ca2+ pump isoform 4

Abstract Modulation of Ca 2+ channels by neurotransmitters provides critical control of neuronal excitability and synaptic strength. Little is known about regulation of the Ca 2+ efflux pathways that counterbalance Ca 2+ influx in neurons. We demonstrate that bradykinin and ATP significantly facilitate removal of action potential-induced Ca 2+ loads by stimulating plasma membrane Ca 2+ -ATPases (PMCAs) in rat sensory neurons. This effect was mimicked in the soma and axonal varicosities by phorbol esters and was blocked by antagonists of protein kinase C (PKC). Reduced expression of PMCA isoform 4 abolished, and overexpression of isoform 4b enhanced, PKC-dependent facilitation of Ca 2+ efflux. This acceleration of PMCA4 underlies the shortening of the action potential afterhyperpolarization produced by activation of bradykinin and purinergic receptors. Thus, isoform-specific modulation of PMCA-mediated Ca 2+ efflux represents a novel mechanism to control excitability in sensory neurons.
Nafion-sulfonated dendrimer composite membranes for fuel cell applications

Abstract Novel proton conducting composite membranes were synthesized by blending Nafion ® polymer with sulfonated organosilicon dendrimers (G3-S). Blending G3-S with Nafion resulted in stable, flexible membranes with loadings up to 10% by weight. The high amount of sulfonic acid groups on the dendrimer increased the ion exchange capacity and improved the water retention capability of the composite membranes with less swelling. The proton conductivity of the composite membranes was higher at all measured temperatures under both high and low relative humidity conditions, compared to pure Nafion ® . The proton conductivity of Nafion ® increased from 0.086 S/cm (at 80 °C at 100% relative humidity) for the pure polymer to 0.156 S/cm for the 10 wt% loading of dendrimer.
Modified method of universal calibration for the determination of molecular weight and molecular-weight distribution

Abstract A rapid method is proposed for the determination of molecular weight and molecular-weight distribution, utilizing fully the gel permeation chromatographic data and the idea of universal calibration. The molecular weight so determined is very close to the weight-average molecular weight. The method applies regardless of whether or not the distribution is narrow.
A parallel finite element contact/impact algorithm for non‐linear explicit transient analysis: Part I—The search algorithm and contact mechanics

A contact algorithm has been developed and implemented in a non-linear dynamic explicit finite element program to analyse the response of three-dimensional shell structures. The contact search algorithm accounts for initial contact, sliding, and release through the use of a parametric representation of the motion of points located on the surface of the structure combined with a contact surface representation which approximates the actual surface by means of triangular search planes. The mechanics of contact is handled by taking advantage of the fact that an explicit time integration scheme results in very small displacements during a time step. The amount of overlap of the discrete representation of the surfaces which occurs at contact is taken as a measure of the approach of the surfaces. Hence, experimental data which relates approach to normal contact pressure can be used to determine the contact pressure applied to the finite element model of the surface as contact evolves. The friction model also incorporates experimental data on the dependence of the coefficient of friction on both the relative sliding velocity and on the relative tangential displacement between surfaces in contact observed in friction tests. The parallel implementation of this contact algorithm and its performance on a 128-processor distributed-memory multiprocessor computer is discussed in Part II of this paper.
Bursts and Output Feedback Control of Non-Deterministic Asynchronous Sequential Machines

The use of bursts—fast outbursts produced by an asynchronous sequential machine during transition—can enhance the capabilities of output feedback controllers to overcome uncertainties when controlling nondeterministic asynchronous sequential machines. The utilization of bursts involves the development of a new class of generalized realizations. The latter form the basis for the derivation of output feedback controllers that achieve deterministic model matching for nondeterministic machines. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of such controllers are presented in terms of a numerical matrix derived from available data. Design outlines are also included.
Translation and Run-Time Validation of Loop Transformations

This paper presents new approaches to the validation of loop optimizations that compilers use to obtain the highest performance from modern architectures. Rather than verify the compiler, the approach of translation validationperforms a validation check after every run of the compiler, producing a formal proof that the produced target code is a correct implementation of the source code. As part of an active and ongoing research project on translation validation, we have previously described approaches for validating optimizations that preserve the loop structure of the code and have presented a simulation-based general technique for validating such optimizations. In this paper, for more aggressive optimizations that alter the loop structure of the code--such as distribution, fusion, tiling, and interchange--we present a set of permutation ruleswhich establish that the transformed code satisfies all the implied data dependencies necessary for the validity of the considered transformation. We describe the extensions to our tool voc-64 which are required to validate these structure-modifying optimizations. This paper also discusses preliminary work on run-time validation of speculative loop optimizations. This involves using run-time tests to ensure the correctness of loop optimizations whose correctness cannot be guaranteed at compile time. Unlike compiler validation, run-time validation must not only determine when an optimization has generated incorrect code, but also recover from the optimization without aborting the program or producing an incorrect result. This technique has been applied to several loop optimizations, including loop interchange and loop tiling, and appears to be quite promising.
Effect of polyvinyl pyrrolidone on immune response in mice.

Summary(1) Administration of PVP to mice was found capable of depressing levels of immune hemolysin for sheep red cells. (2) This effect varied with the strain of mice used, timing of injection of PVP, type of antigenic stimulation and molecular size of the PVP compound. (3) Depression of hemolysin appeared to be correlated with the degree of splenomegaly, but not with PVP concentration in serum, liver and spleen.
C2 adsorption on the (100) diamond surface: periodic and large cluster calculations

The adsorption of C2 on the diamond (100) surface was studied using large clusters and periodic calculations at several levels of theory, including density functional based tight binding (DFTB), B3...
Wafer distal ulna resection for triangular fibrocartilage tears and/or ulna impaction syndrome

Partial resection of the distal ulna (wafer resection) has been used to treat patients with symptomatic tears of the triangular fibrocartilage complex or mild ulna impaction syndrome. In this procedure, the distal 2 to 4 mm of the distal ulnar head is resected while preserving the ulnar styloid process and the ligaments attached to it. The triangular fibrocartilage is debrided, repaired, or partially excised as necessary. The procedure is contraindicated if there is more than 4 mm of positive ulnar variance. Thirteen wafer resections of the distal ulna were performed in 12 patients. All had good to excellent results after a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Wafer resection has specific advantages and avoids many of the potential complications of distal ulna recession and ulnar head resection for patients with the conditions described. The procedure is not indicated if instability or degenerative arthritis of the distal radioulnar joint is present or if there is carpal instability.
An investigation of the effects of temperature on fatigue crack growth in a cast lamellar Ti-45Al-2Mn-2Nb + 0.8 vol.% TiB2 alloy

Abstract This paper presents the results of a study of the effects of temperature on fatigue crack growth in Ti–45Al–2Mn–2Nb+0.8 vol.% TiB 2 gamma titanium aluminide intermetallics. Fatigue crack growth rate data are presented for cast lamellar microstructures at 25, 450 and 700 °C. Slower fatigue crack growth rates at 700 °C (compared to those at 450 °C) are also explained by the crack-tip shielding provided by oxide-induced wedging, which is analyzed using a modified Dugdale–Barenblatt model. The observed cyclic cleavage modes are found to be similar at 25, 450 and 700 °C, and the implications of the results are discussed for potential applications of cast XD™ gamma alloys in the intermediate-temperature regime between 450 and 700 °C. ™XD is a trademark of the Lockheed Martin Corporation of Marietta, GA.
Inflammation, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Autophagy, and the Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1/CCR2 Pathway

Numerous inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1/CCL2 is expressed by mainly inflammatory cells and stromal cells such as endothelial cells, and its expression is upregulated after proinflammatory stimuli and tissue injury. MCP-1 can function as a traditional chemotactic cytokine and also regulates gene transcription. The recently discovered novel zinc-finger protein, called MCPIP (MCP-1-induced protein), initiates a series of signaling events that causes oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to autophagy that can result in cell death or differentiation, depending on the cellular context. After a brief review of the basic processes involved in inflammation, ER stress, and autophagy, the recently elucidated role of MCP-1 and MCPIP in inflammatory diseases is reviewed. MCPIP was found to be able to control inflammatory response by inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activation through its deubiquitinase activity or by degradation of mRNA encoding a set of inflammatory cytokines through its RNase activity. The potential inclusion of such a novel deubiquitinase in the emerging anti-inflammatory strategies for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes is briefly discussed.
S. JAMES PRESS AND BAYESIAN ANALYSIS

S. James Press's many contributions to statistical research, lecturing, mentoring students, the statistics profession, etc., are summarized. Then some new developments in Bayesian analysis are described and remarks on the future of Bayesian analysis are presented.