cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Augustinian origins of the Reformation reconsidered

The work of Alister McGrath and Julius Kostlin challenges the often-cited claim regarding Luther's dependence on Augustine. The article demonstrates that such critics fail to recognise the rich diversity of the African father's thought, but have been inclined to read it systematically the way the Roman Catholic interpretative tradition has. Text study of Augustine's writings, as well as Luther's comments about the African father, reveals that the Reformer's insights about soteriology (including the externality and passivity of righteousness as well as other aspects of his dialectical thinking) are affirmed by Augustine. Likewise, even Luther's critiques of Augustine lend insight into the Reformer's appropriation of his thought. The article demonstrates that when Luther diverges from the African father the two men are addressing incompatible pastoral concerns, but when he is inspired by Augustine their pastoral contexts are similar. This insight sheds fresh light on the sense in which we can speak of an Augustinian character of the Reformation. The article's findings also lend further credence to the possibility that there is a pattern to the use of Christian concepts in the history of the church, whereby, in similar contexts such as in response to perceived Pelagianism, Christians have pretty much responded similarly throughout the centuries.
Detection of Secondary Structures from 3D Protein Images of Medium Resolutions and its Challenges

Protein secondary structures such as α-helices and β-strands are major structural components in most proteins. The position of secondary structures provides important constraints in computing the tertiary structure of a protein. Electron cryomicroscopy is a biophysical technique that produces 3-dimensional images of large molecular complexes. For images at medium resolutions, such as 5–10 A, major secondary structures may be computationally detected. This paper summarizes our recent work in detection of secondary structures using SSETracer, SSELearner, StrandTwister and StrandRoller. The detection of helices and β-strands is illustrated using SSETracer and StrandTwister with a small dataset.
Thermodynamic properties of CHF2CF2CH2F, 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane

Abstract We report the thermodynamic properties of 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane (known in the refrigeration industry as HFC-245ca) in the temperature and pressure region commonly encountered in thermal machinery. The properties are based on measurements of the vapor pressure, the density of the compressed liquid, the refractive index of the saturated liquid and vapor, the critical temperature, the speed of sound in the vapor phase, and the capillary rise. From these data we deduce the saturated liquid and vapor densities, the equation of state of the vapor phase, the surface tension, and estimates of the critical pressure and density. The data determine the coefficients for a Carnahan-Starlings-DeSantis (CSD) equation of state. The CSD coefficients found in REFPROP 4.0 are based on the measurements reported here.
Sleep architecture parameters that predict postoperative resolution of nocturnal enuresis in children with obstructive sleep apnea.

Objectives:We performed a prospective cohort study in a pediatric tertiary care center to determine whether preoperative sleep architecture is associated with complete resolution of nocturnal enuresis (NE) after adenotonsillectomy.Methods:Thirty-seven pediatric patients with primary NE who underwent adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were evaluated. Preoperative polysomnograms, as well as preoperative and postoperative reports of NE, were recorded. We performed χ2 analysis, Fisher's exact test (for p values), and t-tests to evaluate the impact of multiple demographic characteristics on sleep architecture, comparing children with resolved NE to those with unresolved NE after adenotonsillectomy.Results:The patients' mean age was 8.0 years (SD, 2.32 years). All children had presurgical primary NE. No age or gender differences were identified between children with resolved NE and those with unresolved NE. After surgery, more than half of the participants had resolution of NE. A higher percen...
Prym varieties and the geodesic flow onSO(n)

On etudie la relation entre l'espace ou le flot apparait et la variete abelienne sur laquelle le flot se linearise
ENERGY-DISSIPATING SNAP-RESISTANT TETHER

A 1D flexible composite material tailoring concept for increased energy dissipation through a progressive, sequential failure of redundant load paths of tailored length and strength has been previously developed, modeled and experimentally verified. In this work, the applicability and benefits of this tailoring concept to space tethers is analytically investigated. A response model for the case of two masses connected by a tailored tether is developed based upon an earlier model of response under impulsive loading. An approximate model of tether response is developed to greatly improve the computational effort and is shown to be very accurate for long tethers.
A 10-Item Checklist Improves Reporting of Critical Procedural Elements during Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor

Purpose: Previous studies have demonstrated significant variation in recurrence rates after transurethral resection of bladder tumor, likely due to differences in surgical quality. We sought to create a framework to define, measure and improve the quality of transurethral resection of bladder tumor using a surgical checklist.Materials and Methods: We formed a multi-institutional group of urologists with expertise with bladder cancer and identified 10 critical items that should be performed during every high quality transurethral bladder tumor resection. We prospectively implemented a 10-item checklist into practice and reviewed the operative reports of such resections performed before and after implementation. Results at all institutions were combined in a meta-analysis to estimate the overall change in the mean number of items documented.Results: The operative notes for 325 transurethral bladder tumor resections during checklist use were compared to those for 428 performed before checklist implementation...
Nursery survival for infants of birth weight 500-1500 grams during 1982-1995.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate nursery survival of very low birth weight infants (VLBW) over time, born in the same large inner-city hospital with a predominantly Hispanic population. METHODS All liveborn VLBW infants weighing 500-1500 g at birth were included in four time periods of 2 years' duration during 1982 to 1995. Demographics were collected for the obstetric population. Clinical data were collected including maternal and infant perinatal factors. All infants were assigned a cause of death and infants dying with lethal anomalies were then excluded from further evaluations. RESULTS Overall survival improved progressively (p = 0.0001) with dramatic improvement in survival of infants 500-750 g birth weight (BW) in period 4 (1994-1995). The number of lethal anomalies did not increase but accounted for a larger portion of deaths in period 4. Decreases in other causes of death over time reflected changes in perinatal care. Although the mothers were high-risk, none of the maternal factors evaluated showed any consistent effect on infant survival. Improved labor and delivery care was associated with improvement in Apgar scores, a decrease in intracranial hemorrhage/intraventricular hemorrhage as a cause of death and an improvement in survival between the first two periods. In spite of the increase in Cesarean sections for infants of 500-750 g BW and their improved survival in period 4, no clear advantage for Cesarean section could be demonstrated. The marked improvement seen in period 4 was associated with three changes in care: increased use of maternal steroids, administration of surfactant, and the use of newer ventilatory methods including high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. Although female gender has been reported to confer a protective influence for survival, this was not found in the final period. Black mothers comprised only about 2.5% of the total obstetric population but delivered approximately 10% of the VLBW infants. Despite the increased incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) among black infants, there were no differences in survival between blacks and Hispanics. Mean birth weight and gestational age in both survivors and nonsurvivors decreased significantly over the four time periods. In period 4, 50% survival occurred at a birth weight of 600-700 g and a gestational age of 23 weeks. CONCLUSION Nursery survival improved throughout the period of the study from 1982 to 1995 but especially during period 4 (1994-1995). Improved survival was associated with changes in both maternal and infant care. In infants of BW 500-750 g, gestational age rather than birth weight was more closely associated with survival.
Hospital variation in outcomes following appendectomy in a regional quality improvement program

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to determine hospital variation in clinical outcomes after appendectomy for acute appendicitis. Methods Using data from the Michigan Surgical Quality Collaborative, we selected patients with procedure codes for open or laparoscopic appendectomy with a diagnosis of acute appendicitis (2006 to 2011). We used multivariate regression models for risk adjustment of patient-level factors and reliability adjustment for sample size differences between hospitals. Adjusted rates of outcomes for each hospital were generated by multiplying ratios of observed to expected events by overall mean event rates. Results During the study period, 12,410 patients underwent appendectomies in 49 participating Michigan Surgical Quality Collaborative hospitals. Neither the mortality rate nor the rate of superficial or deep surgical site infection demonstrated significant variation. However, significant variation was observed for all other clinical outcomes, including a 14-fold difference of the rate of postoperative sepsis and septic shock. Conclusions We found significant hospital variation in outcomes after appendectomy and identified missing variables that could help to explain the observed variation. These findings have been used to enhance ongoing quality improvement efforts across the state of Michigan.
Guadalupe and the Castas: The Power of a Singular Colonial Mexican Painting

A mid-eighteenth-century casta painting by Luis de Mena uniquely unites the image of the Virgin of Guadalupe and casta (mixed-race) groupings, along with scenes of everyday life in Mexico, and the natural abundance of New Spain. Reproduced multiple times, the painting has not been systematically analyzed. This article explores individual elements in their colonial context and the potential meanings of the painting in the modern era. Una pintura de Luis de Mena sobre las castas, de mediados del siglo xviii, reune de manera singular la imagen de la Virgen de Guadalupe, los agrupamientos de castas y escenas de la vida cotidiana en Mexico, junto con la abundancia natural de Nueva Espana. Aunque reproducida en multiples ocasiones, la pintura no ha sido analizada sistematicamente. Este articulo explora sus elementos individuales en el contexto colonial y los significados potenciales de la pintura en la epoca moderna.
Stealth Leadership Influences the Culture of Innovation

Just as action speaks louder than words, stealth leadership achieves results, not rhetoric. Twenty-first century thought leaders value transparency, return on investment, and sustainability. Stealth leadership operationalizes these concepts by shifting the focus from subjective personality to objective performance. In the spirit of disruptive innovation, stealth leadership substitutes simplicity for complexity.
A simplified model for estimating axial impact forces resulting from debris with non-uniform nonstructural mass:

The impact forces resulting from the debris strikes during tsunami and flood events can lead to extreme damage to the structures located in inundation zones. It is important to estimate reliably such impact demands in order to design structures safely. This study is aimed to develop a simplified one-dimensional model to predict the impact force and duration for axial impact of the debris with non-uniformly distributed nonstructural mass. The focus herein is on in-air impact. An experimental study is carried out on a 6.1-m rectangular steel tube with different configurations of rigidly attached nonstructural mass under elastic response. A nonlinear dynamic finite element model of a steel tube with nonstructural mass is also developed and validated by comparing with the experimental data. Parametric studies are carried out to investigate the effect of nonlinearity on impact demands. The results reveal that the peak impact force is sensitive to the location of the nonstructural mass. It is also observed that...
Adjuvant Radiation Therapy for Margin-Positive Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Defining the Ideal Dose-Response Using the National Cancer Data Base.

Purpose Positive surgical margins after radical vulvectomy for vulvar cancer portend a high risk for local relapse, which may be challenging to salvage. We assessed the impact of adjuvant radiation therapy (aRT) on overall survival (OS) and the dose-response relationship using the National Cancer Data Base. Methods and Materials Patients with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma who underwent initial extirpative surgery with positive margins from 1998 to 2012 were included. Factors associated with aRT and specific dose levels were analyzed using logistic regression. Log-rank and multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling were used for OS analysis. Results We identified 3075 patients with a median age of 66 years (range, 22-90 years); the median follow-up time was 36.4 months (interquartile range [IQR] 15.4-71.0 months). Stage IA/B disease represented 41.2% of the cohort. Sixty-three percent underwent lymph node assessment, with a 45% positivity rate. In total, 1035 patients (35.3%) received aRT, with a median dose of 54.0 Gy (IQR 48.6-60.0 Gy). The 3-year OS improved from 58.5% to 67.4% with aRT ( P P P P =.373), 54.0 to 59.9 Gy (HR 0.75, P =.024), ≥60 Gy (HR 0.71, P =.015). No survival benefit was seen with ≥60 Gy compared with 54.0 to 59.9 Gy (HR 0.95, P =.779). Conclusions Patients with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and positive surgical margins derive an OS benefit from aRT with a seemingly optimal dose in the range of 54.0 to 59.9 Gy.
Professional Education for Teachers: Lessons from Other Professions

The 1980s and 1990s were a time of ambitious reform initiatives for the teaching profession in the United States. There was growing recognition that professional standing for educators would require a concerted effort to establish professional standards, a scientific knowledge base, and a new status in relationship to education policy and policy makers. Created were the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards, The Interstate New Teachers Assessment and Support Consortium, The Holmes Group, National Network for Educational Renewal, the National Commission for Teaching and America’s Future, and dozens of other reform-oriented professional organisations. By the end of the 1990s in the United States there even seemed to be a growing consensus on how children learned and how best to teach them (Bransford et al. 2000).
Regular Strata and Moduli Spaces of Irregular Singular Connections

In joint work with C. Bremer, the author has developed a geometric theory of fundamental strata which provides a new approach to the study of meromorphic G-connections on curves (for complex reductive G). In this theory, a fundamental stratum associated to a connection at a singular point plays the role of the local leading term of the connection. In this paper, we illustrate this theory for \(G = \mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}_{2}(\mathbb{C})\) (i.e. for connections on rank two vector bundles). In particular, we show how this approach can be used to construct explicit moduli spaces of irregular singular connections on the projective line with specified singularities and formal types.
VSP wavefield separation using the gray-scale Hough transform: synthetic data

The principal objective in Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) processing is the separation of the downgoing and upgoing wavefields. Several methods have been suggested in this area. This paper presents a new approach based on the gray-scale Hough transform (GSHT) which is an extension of the conventional Hough transform used to detect straight lines and other curves. The technique, we suggest here, directly maps the gray-scale VSP image, including the downgoing and upgoing linear events, in image coordinate space (x,t,g) to the gray Hough parameter counting space (θ,ρ,g), where θ and ρ are the polar parameters and g is the gray-scale value. In this new space, the downgoing events appear in the negative angles θ quadrant and the upgoing in the positive quadrant, owning to their opposite apparent velocities. The inverse GSHT algorithm, we developed in this study, is performed for extracting separately these two wavefields by considering the straight lines that satisfy the corresponding filtering conditions. The experimental results on synthetic VSP datasets are convincing. The wave separation is well performed, even in the presence of loud noise levels, with signal to noise ratio improvement and amplitude preservation, in contrast to median filtering.
Discount Targeting in Online Social Networks Using Backpressure-Based Learning

Online social networks are increasingly being seen as a means of obtaining awareness of user preferences. Such awareness could be used to target goods and services at them. We consider a general user model, wherein users could buy different numbers of goods at a marked and at a discounted price. Our first objective is to learn which users would be interested in a particular good. Second, we would like to know how much to discount these users such that the entire demand is realized, but not so much that profits are decreased. We develop algorithms for multihop forwarding of discount coupons over an online social network, in which users forward such coupons to each other in return for a reward. Coupling this idea with the implicit learning associated with backpressure routing (originally developed for multihop wireless networks), we show how to realize optimal revenue. Using simulations, we illustrate its superior performance as compared to random coupon forwarding on different social network topologies. We then propose a simpler heuristic algorithm and using simulations, and show that its performance approaches that of backpressure routing.
Maize seed choice and perceptions of climate variability among smallholder farmers

Abstract Despite decades of research and interventions, crop yields for smallholder farmers across sub-Saharan Africa are dramatically lower than in developed countries. Attempts to address low yields of staple crops in Africa since the Green Revolution through policies and investments in advanced seed cultivars have had mixed results. Numerous countries have heartily embraced and promoted hybrid cultivars through government subsidy programs and investments in research and seed multiplication. One possible explanation for why these programs have not resulted in more significant yield improvements is the challenge faced by farmers to select cultivars that are suited to their local environmental conditions. The question of what seeds farmers choose is exceptionally complex as it is often affected by local seed availability, the availability of information on seed performance, and the transfer of that information to farmers. At the foundation of this choice are farmers’ perceptions of different seed varieties coupled with their perceptions of climate variability. We examine seed choice in Zambia, a country with decades of hybrid maize seed development and supporting policies. We demonstrate how input subsidy programs and seed market liberalization have led to choice overload and a discontinuity in information exchange between farmers and seed companies. The decision making environment is further complicated by the heterogeneity in growing conditions and its variable impact on seed performance, which complicates characterization of seed duration at the farm level. Perceptions and biases related to climate variability effect seed choice, and potentially lead farmers to make risk averse decisions, which ultimately depress maize yields.
An examination of the complex associations between religiousness and femininity among US Christian women

Although various forms of religiousness have been found to be associated with women’s body image, sexuality, and personal and professional roles, these studies have failed to examine multiple aspec...
Limited and Optimal Sampling Strategies for Etoposide and Etoposide Catechol in Children with Leukemia

Etoposide is used to treat childhood malignancies, and its plasma pharmacokinetics have been related to pharmacodynamic endpoints. Limiting the number of samples should facilitate the assessment of etoposide pharmacokinetics in children. We compared limited sampling strategies using multiple linear regression of plasma concentrations and clearance with Bayesian methods of estimating clearance using compartmental pharmacokinetic models. Optimal sampling times were estimated in the multiple linear regression method by determining the combination of two samples which maximized the correlation coefficient, and in the Bayesian estimation approach by minimizing the variance in estimates of clearance. Clearance estimates were compared to the actual clearances from Monte Carlo-simulated data and predicted clearances estimated using all available plasma concentrations in clinical data from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Multiple linear regression poorly predicted clearance (mean bias 8.3%, precision 17.5%), but improved if plasma concentrations were logarithmically transformed (mean bias 1.4%, precision 12.5%). Bayesian estimation methods with optimal samples gave the best overall prediction (mean bias 2.5%, precision 6.8%) and also performed better than regression methods for abnormally high or low clearances. We conclude that Bayesian estimation with limited sampling gives the best estimates of etoposide clearance.
Telescope management for satellite tracking: a decentralized approach

The rate that the space debris is increasing has now outpaced our ability to build additional sites. Another solution is to use large numbers of low-cost optical sensors, which can be easily deployed at a fraction of the cost of a traditional tracking station. In this paper, we describe the satellite tracking problem, a complex coordination problem that is subject to time and position constraints that must be solved in a communication limited environment. We adopt scheduling by a central facility as an initial solution and compare central and distributed repair mechanisms in terms of tracks completed.
Atomic & Molecular Spectroscopy by Saturation with Coherent Light

For many studies in the interaction of light with matter, we need sources of powerful, coherent, monochromatic light tunable to the wavelengths absorbed by simple atoms and molecules. Gas lasers, although limited to a few discrete lines with a limited tunability across each, have been used in the Hansch-Borde modulation method of saturation spectroscopy to study hyperfine structures of a number of iodine lines (Levenson, Sorem and Hansch). Recently Sorem has extended this work to investigate the Zeeman effect. Also, a new method of intermodulated fluorescence permits us to use saturation narrowing at pressures so low that collision effects are negligible. Lines as narrow as 3 Mhz (one part in 2×108) have been observed.
ROLE OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY IN RISK ASSESSMENT

Exposure to an ever-increasing number of man-made and natural environmental substances poses a health risk for the exposed individuals. To formulate public policy in order to protect the human population from the adverse effects of these agents, society needs first to gain an understanding of the mechanisms by which toxic agents compromise human health. In environmental health studies, the evaluation of risk results from a complex interplay of factors, including not only scientific components, but also socio-economic, ethical, legal, and geographical. As one of these scientific aspects, molecular biology has become an essential tool for the environmental toxicologist, because the rapidly-expanding advances in our understanding of biological processes at the molecular level have made it possible today to analyze problems that twenty years ago we could not even imagine existed. For example, the technology is now available to answer one of the most challenging questions that toxicologists face, namely: Are there genes that contribute to increased resistance (or sensitivity) to toxic environmental agents? Of course, the ultimate goal in this area of risk evaluation is not only to identify these genes, but to develop an understanding of how they function and how they affect human health; this is an eminently feasible goal with our current level of knowledge, given time and adequate resources. As more molecular biologists become attracted to the present challenges of toxicological research, we cannot but expect that many novel advances in molecular biology will be the result of our specific experimental demands, with the consequent opening of unpredictable new frontiers in environmental health research.
Jerusalem Artichoke Costs of Production in Canada: Implications for the Production of Fuel Ethanol

The environmental implications of using transportation fuels have recently been receiving much attention following the World Commission on Environment and Development's report Our Common Future (1987) and in Canada with the Energy, Mines and Resources' report Energy and Canadians into the 21s Century (1988). The result in Canada is that the addition of tetra-ethyl lead to gasoline as an octane enhancer was phased out in December, 1990. This opens up opportunities for more environmentally friendly additives for inclusion in transportation fuels. The additives which could be used include: isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, tertiary butyl alcohol, methyl tertiary butyl ether, ethyl tertiary butyl ether, methanol or ethanol. The last two have received special attention in Canada; methanol because it is producible from natural gas based in Alberta, and ethanol as it can be produced from grain and other agricultural feedstocks. Most of the ethanol work completed to date in North America has concentrated on ethanol produced from surplus grain. Although there is adequate excess grain in Western Canada for this purpose, there is none in the Eastern provinces. This paper presents results of an investigation into the possibilities of producing Jerusalem artichoke as an agricultural feedstock for fuel ethanol production. This crop has certain agronomic properties that make it potentially attractive for the alleviation of soil degradation problems that exist in Quebec. The results provided in this paper are presented in two areas: the costs of production of Jerusalem artichoke at the farm level, and the costs of processing the ethanol from the agricultural feedstock. The per litre cost of producing ethanol is estimated using various Jerusalem artichoke feedstock yields and conversion factors. The results indicate that ethanol can be produced at a competitive price to be used as an octane enhancer in gasoline for transportation fuel. Cost implications of various processing plant sizes are also presented.
The relationships between blood lead levels and serum thyroid stimulating hormone and total thyroxine in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Abstract Regression analysis was used to estimate and test for relationships between the blood lead concentration and the concentrations of serum thyroid stimulating hormone and serum total thyroxine in adults, 20 years and older, participating in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. No relationship was found between the blood lead level and the concentration of serum thyroid stimulating hormone. The serum total thyroxine concentration decreased as the blood lead level increased in women, but not in men. The lowest concentration of blood lead at which a relationship could be detected was 2.1 μg/dL and 3.9 μg/dL for the non-pregnant and pregnant women, respectively. Hypothetical mechanisms of the action of lead are discussed.
Nitrogen Nutrition of Containerized Cryptomeria japonica ‘Elegans Aurea’

Abstract Containerized, rooted stem cuttings of ‘Elegans Aurea’ Japanese cedar [Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D. Don ‘Elegans Aurea’] grown in calcined clay, were fertilized three times weekly for 14 weeks with a complete nutrient solution containing 0, 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg N/liter supplied as ammonium nitrate. Top and root dry weights were not affected by N rate suggesting that 25 mg N/liter was adequate for maximizing growth. Nitrogen fertilization increased top and root dry weights by 149% and 20%, respectively, compared to the nontreated controls (0 mg N/liter). As N concentrations increased, root area and total root length decreased linearly. Nitrogen fertilization decreased root:top ratio by 50% compared to the nontreated controls. However, the root:top ratio was not affected by N rate. Percent top N concentration was increased by N compared to the nontreated control. Percent top K, Ca, and Mg decreased linearly with increasing N rates. There was a quadratic response in percent top P with a maximum ...
CREDIT CONSTRAINTS AND LABOR SUPPLY: EVIDENCE FROM BANK BRANCHING DEREGULATION

This paper examines labor supply adjustment‐both at the intensive and extensive margins‐following financial market development. Specifically, we exploit the staggered passage of bank branching deregulation in the United State to study the impact of relaxing credit constraints on labor supply decisions. We find strong evidence that improvements in how credit markets function decrease weekly hours worked, and that the effect is most significant for the lower‐middle (marginal) income group. Furthermore, we observe heterogeneous responses across demo graphic groups (race and income). In contrast, we find little to no evidence that deregulation has a significant impact on the extensive margin of participation.
Injuria, reputación y conflicto en las calles de Bilbao en la Edad Moderna

This paper examines the importance of defamatory speech as a destabilizing factor in the society of Early Modern Bilbao. The abundance of defamation lawsuits in the city highlights the seriousness of these offenses, and their effectiveness in damaging the reputation of the individual. Biscayan society responded to this situation by stigmatizing verbal performances that created scandals and disturbances. The ideal person was defined as quiet and peaceful, separated from the social disorder brought about by the use of insulting language. The analysis discusses the high population density of Early Modern Bilbao, and the role it played in the origin of conflicts related to defamatory speech.
Raising the bar: development of a perinatal bereavement programme.

The care a family receives at the time of perinatal loss can have a significant and lasting impact, hence it is important for healthcare providers to offer quality care that will meet the family's ...
Antithrombotic therapy for postinterventional management of peripheral arterial disease.

Purpose Evidence on the use of antithrombotic pharmacotherapy in patients undergoing revascularization of lower extremities for symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is reviewed. Summary Individuals with PAD can experience leg pain, intermittent claudication, critical limb ischemia, and acute limb ischemia. In such patients, revascularization may be indicated to improve the quality of life and to prevent amputations. Antithrombotic therapy is often intensified in the postrevascularization period to prevent restenosis of the index artery and to counteract the prothrombotic state induced by the intervention. Therapeutic modalities include dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), anticoagulation, a combination of antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy, and addition of cilostazol to single antiplatelet therapy. Subgroup analyses of data from randomized clinical trials provided low-quality evidence for the use of DAPT in patients with a below-knee prosthetic bypass graft and anticoagulation for those with a venous bypass graft. Cilostazol, when added to aspirin therapy, has been shown to prevent index vessel reocclusion after an endovascular intervention in patients at low risk for thrombosis in several small randomized trials. Conclusion There is a considerable paucity of high-quality evidence on the optimal antithrombotic regimen for patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization, with no particular therapy shown to consistently improve patient outcomes. The decision to initiate intensified antithrombotic therapy should include a close examination of its risk-benefit profile. The demonstrated benefit of such treatment is restricted to the prevention of index artery reocclusion, while an increased risk of bleeding may lead to significant morbidity and mortality.
POGIL in Computer Science for Beginners and Experts

Process-Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) is a research-based instructional strategy with a proven history across STEM disciplines. In a POGIL classroom, teams of students work on activities that are specifically designed to guide them to construct their own understanding of key concepts. At the same time, students develop process skills such as communication, teamwork, problem solving, and critical thinking. POGIL incorporates practices shown to be particularly helpful for students from underrepresented populations. In a POGIL classroom, teachers are facilitators, not lecturers. Multiple studies have shown that students in POGIL classes do better on common exams and in subsequent courses. For more information, see http://cspogil.org and http://pogil.org. This BOF will (1) enable people unfamiliar with POGIL to ask questions and learn more, and (2) bring together experienced POGIL practitioners to share experiences, concerns, ideas, and insights. As in a POGIL classroom, we will discuss topics in small teams and report out to the larger group.
La representación de la mujer como sujeto histórico cultural en dos obras literarias

espanolEn Nicaragua y El Salvador las revoluciones de los anos setenta y ochenta pusieron fin a la era de dictaduras militares, la mujer redefine su identidad politica mediante la participacion revolucionaria. Gioconda Belli reflejo el sandinismo en sus obras, y en La mujer habitada (1998) marca el papel de la nicaraguense durante la revolucion. De la misma manera, Claribel Alegria represento la mujer revolucionaria salvadorena en su novela testimonial No me agarran viva (1983). El proposito de este trabajo es demostrar como las obras reescriben la historia para reivindicar a la mujer como sujeto historico en Nicaragua y El Salvador. EnglishIn Nicaragua and El Salvador, the revolutions of the 1970s and 1980s put an end to the era of military dictatorships, women redefine their political identity through revolutionary participation. Gioconda Belli reflected Sandinismo in her works, and in La mujer habitada (1998) marks the role of the Nicaraguan women during the revolution. In the same way, Claribel Alegria represented the Salvadoran revolutionary woman in her testimonial novel No me agarran viva (1983). The purpose of this work is to demonstrate how the authors rewrite history to vindicate women as historical subjects in Nicaragua and El Salvador. portuguesNa Nicaragua e El Salvador, as revolucoes das decadas de 1970 e 1980 encerraram a era dasditaduras militares, as mulheres redefinem sua identidade politica por meio da participacao revolucionaria. Gioconda Belli abordou o sandinismo em suas obras e, em La mujer habitada (1998), marca o papel da nicaraguense durante a revolucao. Do mesmo modo, Claribel Alegria representou a mulher revolucionaria salvadorenha em seu romance No me agarran viva (1983). O objetivo deste trabalho e demonstrar como as obras reescrevem a historia para reivindicar as mulheres como sujeitos historicos na Nicaragua e El Salvador.
Study of peripheral blood multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 expression of children intractable epilepsy.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to analyze multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) expression of peripheral blood of children intractable epilepsy. METHODS Sixty children with epilepsy admitted to outpatient and inpatient services of Xuzhou Children's Hospital between November 2010 and October 2011 were divided into a refractory epilepsy group and a drug-controlled epilepsy group, with 30 cases each. Thirty healthy children who went to the hospital in the same year for health examination were enrolled as a control group. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot method were used to determine peripheral blood MRP1 level, mRNA, and protein content of the 3 groups. RESULTS MRP1 expression in the refractory epilepsy group was significantly higher than those of the epilepsy group with good drug control and of the control group. All differences had statistical significance (P 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Peripheral blood MRP1 expression in patients with refractory epilepsy increases.
Chapter 1 – Hyperbolic Knots

Publisher Summary In view of the Mostow rigidity theorem, when the volume associated with the manifold is finite, the hyperbolic metrics are unique. Hence, geometric invariants coming out of the hyperbolic structure can be utilized to potentially distinguish between manifolds. It is to be noted that the complement is a finite volume but noncompact hyperbolic 3-manifold. This chapter provides a description of some of the applications, including the Smith Conjecture and the determination of symmetries of a knot. In case a link is found, it is possible to expand the cusps until they touch each other or themselves, to obtain a maximal set of cusps. In the case that the limit set is an actual circle, and the planes are geodesic, it is said that the surface is Fuchsian or totally geodesic. For instance, in [AS03], it is proved that 2-bridge knots never have totally geodesic Seifert surfaces. An interesting question is whether there are totally geodesic surfaces in knot complementing other than such Seifert surfaces. This is one of many open questions that still remain in the theory of hyperbolic knots.
An Unexpected Case of Lisinopril-Associated Severe Hyponatremia.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are a class of medications that have formed the backbone of hypertension management. Of these medications, lisinopril is one of the most commonly used. While known serious side effects of all ACE inhibitors include angioedema and hyperkalemia, ACE inhibitor-associated hyponatremia has been rarely reported. We present a patient with severe hyponatremia associated with lisinopril use and discuss the link between hyponatremia and ACE inhibitors.
Efficient prediction of cracking at solid-lattice support interface during laser powder bed fusion via global-local J-integral analysis based on modified inherent strain method and lattice support homogenization

Abstract Residual stress induced cracking at the solid-lattice support interface is often observed in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufactured metals. Therefore, it is crucial to predict possible cracking before printing a part especially when it is large and complex. Previously, a method has been proposed to predict interfacial cracking during LPBF processing based on performing inherent strain simulations and evaluating J-integral at the critical point in a single model. However, that method is limited to application to small parts due to the high computational cost of explicit modeling of the lattice structure. In the present work, a more robust method based on the global-local technique is proposed to perform homogenized inherent strain analysis for the entire part (global) first, followed by J-integral analysis at several suspected critical locations (local). The proposed local-global analysis technique is validated both numerically and experimentally that it is both efficient and accurate in predicting interfacial cracking in as-built LPBF processed parts.
People Experience Different Emotions from Melancholic and Grieving Music

Two behavioral studies are reported that ask whether listeners experience different emotions in response to melancholic and grieving musical passages. In the first study, listeners were asked to ra...
Lipid signature of neural tissues of marine and terrestrial mammals: consistency across species and habitats

Marine mammals are exposed to O2-limitation and increased N2 gas concentrations as they dive to exploit habitat and food resources. The lipid-rich tissues (blubber, acoustic, neural) are of particular concern as N2 is five times more soluble in lipid than in blood or muscle, creating body compartments that can become N2 saturated, possibly leading to gas emboli upon surfacing. We characterized lipids in the neural tissues of marine mammals to determine whether they have similar lipid profiles compared to terrestrial mammals. Lipid profiles (lipid content, lipid class composition, and fatty acid signatures) were determined in the neural tissues of 12 cetacean species with varying diving regimes, and compared to two species of terrestrial mammals. Neural tissue lipid profile was not significantly different in marine versus terrestrial mammals across tissue types. Within the marine species, average dive depth was not significantly associated with the lipid profile of cervical spinal cord. Across species, tissue type (brain, spinal cord, and spinal nerve) was a significant factor in lipid profile, largely due to the presence of storage lipids (triacylglycerol and wax ester/sterol ester) in spinal nerve tissue only. The stability of lipid signatures within the neural tissue types of terrestrial and marine species, which display markedly different dive behaviors, points to the consistent role of lipids in these tissues. These findings indicate that despite large differences in the level of N2 gas exposure by dive type in the species examined, the lipids of neural tissues likely do not have a neuroprotective role in marine mammals.
Comparative Effectiveness of Implantable Defibrillators for Asymptomatic Brugada Syndrome: A Decision‐Analytic Model

Background Optimal management of asymptomatic Brugada syndrome (BrS) with spontaneous type I electrocardiographic pattern is uncertain. Methods and Results We developed an individual‐level simulati...
An Atlas of Diagnostic Nasal Endoscopy

Introduction NORMAL AND VARIANTS The Nostrils and the Anterior Nasal Cavities The Normal Septum The Olfactory Slits The Floor of Nose and the Inferior Meati The Inferior Turbinates The Middle Meati and the Agger Nasi The Middle Turbinates The Superior Turbinates and Meati The Sinus Ostia The Posterior Choanae The Mucociliary Clearance Peculiarities of the Nasal Cavities PATHOLOGY The Abnormal Septum Epistaxis Rhinosinusitis Polyps Systemic Diseases Miscellaneous Tumors Operative Pictures Postoperative Pictures Pathologies Likely to be Missed Without Nasal Endoscopy Index
Collection of Fiber Evidence Using a Roller Device and Adhesive Lifts

The potential for transfer of fiber evidence during the commission of a crime and the use of such evidence in criminal investigations have been well established. One of the accepted methods for collection of fiber evidence is the use of adhesive lifts, generally adhesive tape. A procedure is described for the preparation of adhesive lifts and for a roller device with which these lifts are employed. Use of the roller and lifts can substantially reduce the time associated with the collection of fiber evidence from clothing, bedding, and other items in the laboratory and at crime scenes.
Applications of X-Ray Diffraction in Occupational Health Studies

The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 19701 was promulgated for the express purpose of providing American workers with protection against personal injury and illness resulting from hazardous working conditions.
Public Education, Migration, and Integration Policies in France

The highly centralized school system has always been perceived as the best means to promote equality and national unity in France. The “modern” French state began to take shape in the late eighteenth century (Furet 1978).1 Until the French Revolution, France consisted of linguistically and culturally diverse regions with differing interests, and French administrators have long argued that only a highly centralized system could and would effectively redistribute the nation’s wealth to reduce regional disparities. Yet, in spite of 200 years of governmental centralization, imposition of the French language and enormous efforts to promote a notion of a single state administered in an ostensibly equal manner, contemporary France remains fundamentally diverse (De Certeau and Revel 1975).
Chapter 2 A Novel Mechanism for Transmembrane Translocation of Peptides: The Saccharomyces cerevisiae STE6 Transporter and Export of the Mating Pheromone a-Factor

Publisher Summary Although the classical secretory pathway has traditionally been considered the only route, by which peptides and proteins can exit from the eukaryotic cells, in relatively recent times, a number of notable exceptions to this general picture of protein secretion have emerged. Eukaryotic cells are able to produce a number of peptides and proteins that lack typical hydrophobic signal peptide, yet are actively secreted by a mechanism that does not require that the secretory pathway be functional. Studies, regarding the release of the mating pheromone, a-factor, by cells of a eukaryotic microorganism, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , and recent findings in other organisms, including humans, suggests that export of at least some proteins is accomplished by the action of dedicated— that is, substrate-specific translocators. These transporters are integral membrane proteins and derive the energy for driving transmembrane translocation of their substrates from the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). A representative member of this class of specialized membrane proteins is the STE6 gene product of the yeast S. cerevisiae . This chapter discusses the evidence that Ste6p is a member of the ABC family of membrane-bound transporters and the findings that demonstrate that Ste6p is responsible for the secretion of the peptide mating pheromone, a-factor, from haploid cells of the MATa genotype. The chapter also discusses more recent data on the structure, localization, and function of Ste6p. Using Ste6p as the paradigm, it is related what is known about the physiological role of this type of transporter to a mammalian homolog of Ste6p, the human mdrl gene product or “Pglycoprotein,” first recognized, because of its ability to confer multidrug resistance to animal cells in culture. Finally, the chapter discusses the clinical relevance of ABC-type transporters in human health and disease.
The Historical, Jurisprudential, and Empirical Wisdom of Parental Responsibility Laws

The parent-child relationship is woven deep within historical and contemporary culture, but strong retributive ideals have led to blaming parents because of their presumed vicarious role in juvenile crime. The current article will discuss the history, forms, legal challenges, and empirical research related to parental involvement laws in the United States. The parent-child relationship provides the historical framework behind the separate juvenile justice parens patriae system; however, with the juvenile justice system not as successful as originally imagined, blame has shifted to the parents. We examine the potential constitutional implications of enacting and enforcing parental involvement statutes and ordinances and also the potential efficacy of parental involvement laws in reducing juvenile delinquency. In addition, we propose empirical research to test the underlying assumptions about blame made by parental involvement laws.