cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of human HT-29 colon carcinoma cell adhesion by a 4-fluoro-glucosamine analogue.

Cell surface glycoconjugates play an important role in cellular recognition and adhesion. Modification of these structures in tumour cells could affect tumour cell growth and behaviour, including metastasis. 2-Acetamido-1,3,6-tri-O-acetyl-4-deoxy-4-fluoro-α-D-glycopyranose (4-F-GlcNAc) was synthesized as a potential inhibitor and/or modifier of tumour cell glycoconjugates. The effect of this sugar analogue on the adhesive properties of human colon carcinoma HT-29 cells was evaluated. Treatment of HT-29 cells with 4-F-GlcNAc led to reduced cell surface expression of terminal lactosamine, sialyl-Lex and sialyl-Lea, as determined by Western blotting and flow cytometry. The aberrant expression of these oligosaccharide structures on the HT-29 cell surface resulted in: (1) decreased E-selectin mediated adhesion of human colon cells to human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUVEC); (2) impaired adhesion of HT-29 cells to β-galactoside binding lectin, galectin-1; and (3) reduced ability to form homotypic aggregates. After exposure to 4-F-GlcNAc, lysosomal associated membrane proteins (lamp) 1 and 2, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) detected in HT-29 cells were of lower molecular weight, probably due to impaired glycosylation. These results strongly suggest that modification of tumour cell surface molecules can alter tumour cell adhesion and that tumour cell surface oligosaccharides may be suitable targets for therapeutic exploitation.
A mathematical model of human iodine metabolism.

ABSTRACT A mathematical model describing human iodide metabolism has been developed and studied utilizing Program SAAM 25 of Berman and Weiss. The compartmental model simulates known aspects of thyroid physiology, including return of trapped iodide from thyroid to plasma, first come-first served turnover of intrathyroidal iodine, leakage of iodotyrosine iodide to plasma, and secretion of 2 hormones. Fit of model to experimentally derived data on iodide kinetics is satisfactory, and stable iodine transfer rates developed by the model fit with observed stable iodine measurements, or are physiologically reasonable. Iodide leak varies from 10 to 41% of iodine leaving the thyroid gland. The model provides unique solutions for steady state iodide kinetic studies in human subjects, and allows approximation of intrathyroidal pool sizes and transfer rates, as well as estimation of thyroid iodide leak.
Simple Lie Color Algebras of Witt Type

Abstract Let K be a field and let e: Γ × Γ → K • be a bicharacter defined on the multiplicative group Γ. We suppose that A is a Γ-graded, associative K -algebra that is color commutative with respect to e. Furthermore, let Δ be a nonzero Γ-graded, K -vector space of color derivations of A and suppose that Δ is also color commutative with respect to the bicharacter e. Then, with a rather natural definition, A ⊗ K Δ = A Δ becomes a Lie color algebra, and we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions here for this Lie color algebra to be simple. With two minor exceptions when dim K Δ = 1, simplicity occurs if and only if A is graded Δ-simple and A Δ ⊗ Δ = A Δ Δ acts faithfully as color derivations on A .
Description of the Larva of Homophileurus integer (Burmeister, 1847) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Phileurini), with Notes on Biology and a Key to the Known Larvae of New World Phileurini

ABSTRACT The larva of Homophileurus integer (Burmeister, 1847) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Phileurini) is described for the first time and accompanied by notes on its biology based on specimens from Suriname. An updated key to the known third-stage larvae of American Phileurini is provided.
Prognostic parameters in recurrent malignant melanoma

In 361 patients with recurrent malignant melanoma, the clinical stage was the strongest determinant of subsequent survival (P less than 0.01). In Stage IV, the number of initial, distinct lesions was important. Patients presenting with a single metastatic nodule had median survival ten months, whereas those with two or more metastatic nodules had median survival 6.9 months (P less than 0.05). The length of disease-free interval from excision of the primary to recurrence correlated consistently with subsequent survival in patients with regional lymph node metastases. Those with disease-free interval less than one year had median survival 15.8 months with 16% surviving at five years, while those with interval one year or longer had median survival 23.7 months with 30% surviving at five years (P less than 0.05). In Stage IV, the correlation of survival with disease-free interval became significant only with 24 months as the demarcation point of length of disease-free interval. Age and sex affected the disease-free interval, but not survival after recurrence.
Synthesis and Mechanical Wear Studies of Ultra Smooth Nanostructured Diamond (USND) Coatings Deposited by Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition with He/H2/CH4/N2 Mixtures

Ultra smooth nanostructured diamond (USND) coatings were deposited by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) technique using He/H(2)/CH(4)/N(2) gas mixture. The RMS surface roughness as low as 4 nm (2 micron square area) and grain size of 5-6 nm diamond coatings were achieved on medical grade titanium alloy. Previously it was demonstrated that the C(2) species in the plasma is responsible for the production of nanocrystalline diamond coatings in the Ar/H(2)/CH(4) gas mixture. In this work we have found that CN species is responsible for the production of USND coatings in He/H(2)/CH(4)/N(2) plasma. It was found that diamond coatings deposited with higher CN species concentration (normalized by Balmer H(α) line) in the plasma produced smoother and highly nanostructured diamond coatings. The correlation between CN/H(α) ratios with the coating roughness and grain size were also confirmed with different set of gas flows/plasma parameters. It is suggested that the presence of CN species could be responsible for producing nanocrystallinity in the growth of USND coatings using He/H(2)/CH(4)/N(2) gas mixture. The RMS roughness of 4 nm and grain size of 5-6 nm were calculated from the deposited diamond coatings using the gas mixture which produced the highest CN/H(α) species in the plasma. Wear tests were performed on the OrthoPOD(®), a six station pin-on-disk apparatus with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) pins articulating on USND disks and CoCrMo alloy disk. Wear of the UHMWPE was found to be lower for the polyethylene on USND than that of polyethylene on CoCrMo alloy.
A convenient source of nearly monochromatic linearly polarized 57Fe gamma-rays

Abstract A simple method of obtaining monochromatic linearly polarized γ-rays by filtering out one quadrupole component of the radiation from a source of 57 Co in an oriented Be crystal is described.
Abstract A48: Does quality of life among cancer survivors differ by socioeconomic status?

Background: With an increased number of cancer survivors in the United States, the need to understand the survivor experience is imperative. While the numerous physical effects of undergoing cancer treatment have been well-established, less is known about the extent to which quality of life (QOL) and psychosocial concerns post-treatment differ across socioeconomic (SES) gradients. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between QOL and SES among ethnically diverse adult cancer survivors. Methods: This study recruited a purposive sample of San Diego English and Spanish-speaking adult cancer survivors attending cancer support groups. Community-based participatory research methods were used to administer survey questionnaires assessing SES (i.e., education and annual income), cancer history and treatment, QOL (i.e., physical, social/family, emotional, and functional well-being), and health behaviors. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore this study's aim. Results: Preliminary results (n = 80) showed that most of the sample (95%) were women, 50% were non-Hispanic white, and 25% were Mexican-born. Participants were 60 years on average and had a wide range of SES. Almost 40% were diagnosed with cancer five or more years ago; most of which (58%) were breast cancer survivors. Bivariate correlation analyses showed that education and income were positively correlated to emotional (r = .404; r = .295, respectively) and functional well-being (r =.363; r = .331, respectively) (p < .05). In multivariate linear regression analyses after adjusting for age and years since diagnosis, SES did not predict emotional or functional well-being. There was no association between SES and physical and social/family well-being. Discussion: QOL issues surrounding the cancer survivorship experience can often be difficult for patients, caregivers, and health care providers to understand and treat. Results suggest that although QOL differs by SES, after adjusting for age and years since diagnosis, SES had no effect on QOL measures. Implications for survivorship care delivery and future research will be discussed. Citation Format: Elizabeth A. Medeiros, Barbara Rodriguez, Sheila F. Castaneda, Patricia Gonzalez, Alicia Karagianes, Christina Buelna, Jessica T. Holscher, Gregory A. Talavera. Does quality of life among cancer survivors differ by socioeconomic status? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A48.
Somnambulistic eating: A report of three cases

Somnambulism is a disorder of arousal that often includes complex, wake-like behavior with an unclear connection to conscious wishes. During episodes of somnambulism, appetitive behaviors are unusual and, when they do, occur, raise questions as to the true state of consciousness of the patient. This is the first report of somnambulistic sleepeating in which polysomnographic studies were performed to document the sleep-related nature of the nocturnal eating. During all-night sleep studies, three patients complaining of eating during sleep had episodic behavior in non-REM sleep, consistent with a somnambulistic etiology. In all three patients, a conscious preoccupation with food was present and two patients showed a high percentage of slow-wave sleep. These findings suggest a concurrence of organogenic and psychogenic factors, that has been postulated previously to underlie somnambulism in adults.
Acyclovir blocks cytokine gene expression in trigeminal ganglia latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1.

We have previously found that interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-gamma, RANTES, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA transcription remain elevated in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latently infected mice up to 120 days postinoculation (p.i.). To determine if this phenomenon was dependent on HSV-1 DNA replication after the establishment of latency (i.e., reactivation), cytokine gene expression was compared in TG of acyclovir-treated and untreated latently infected mice. Oral acyclovir treatment (begun 16 days p.i.) had no effect on serum levels of total anti-HSV-1 antibodies. However, there was a significant reduction in the titer of antibody specific for glycoprotein D and glycoprotein B but not glycoprotein H/L 120 days PI in the acyclovir-treated compared to vehicle-treated mice. These differences were not significant at earlier time points (i.e., days 34 and 60 p.i.). Consistent with these findings, acyclovir had no effect on cytokine gene expression in latently infected TG 35 and 60 days p.i. However, 120 days p.i., IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha mRNA were approaching baseline levels in TG of acyclovir-treated mice, but remained significantly elevated in untreated controls (i.e., IFN-gamma mRNA levels were sixfold higher in TG of untreated mice). Therefore, viral DNA replication appears to provide an antigenic stimulus for persistent cytokine gene expression in latently infected TG.
Subcellular distribution of proteasomes implicates a major location of protein degradation in the nuclear envelope–ER network in yeast

26S proteasomes are the key enzyme complexes responsible for selective turnover of short‐lived and misfolded proteins. Based on the assumption that they are dispersed over the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm in all eukaryotic cells, we wanted to determine the subcellular distribution of 26S proteasomes in living yeast cells. For this purpose, we generated yeast strains that express functional green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions of proteasomal subunits. An α subunit of the proteolytically active 20S core complex of the 26S proteasome, Pre6/YOL038w, as well as an ATPase‐type subunit of the regulatory 19S cap complex, Cim5/YOL145w, were tagged with GFP. Both chimeras were shown to be incorporated completely into active 26S proteasomes. Microscopic analysis revealed that GFP‐labelled 20S as well as 19S subunits are accumulated mainly in the nuclear envelope (NE)–endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network in yeast. These findings were supported by the co‐localization and co‐enrichment of 26S proteasomes with NE–ER marker proteins. A major location of proteasomal peptide cleavage activity was visualized in the NE–ER network, indicating that proteasomal degradation takes place mainly in this subcellular compartment in yeast.
Cross-dimensional relaxation in Bose-Fermi mixtures

We consider the equilibration rate for fermions in Bose-Fermi mixtures undergoing cross-dimensional rethermalization. Classical Monte Carlo simulations of the relaxation process are performed over a wide range of parameters, focusing on the effects of the mass difference between species and the degree of initial departure from equilibrium. A simple analysis based on Enskog's equation is developed and shown to be accurate over a variety of different parameter regimes. This allows predictions for mixtures of commonly used alkali-metal atoms.
Weakly upper Lipschitz multifunctions and applications in parametric optimization

The main purpose of this paper is to report on our studies of the weak upper Lipschitz and weak φ-upper Lipschitz continuities of multifunctions. Comparisons with other related Lipschitz-type continuities and calmness are given. When the concept of the weak upper Lipschitz continuities is applied to the special cases of constraint multifunctions, such as ones defined by a systems of equalities and inequalities or by a generalized equation we obtain the equivalent conditions with linear functional error bounds. Some results on the perturbation and penalty issues in parametric optimization problems are obtained under weak upper Lipschitz continuity assumptions on the constraint multifunctions. We also discuss the weak φ-upper Lipschitz continuity of a inverse subdifferential.
Identification of the Envelope V3 Loop as a Determinant of a CD4-Negative Neuronal Cell Tropism for HIV-1

Abstract Some neuronal-derived CD4-negative cells are susceptible to infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Galactosyl ceramide is an alternate receptor for HIV-1 that appears to bindin vitroto the C2, V3, V4, and V5 regions of gp120. Amino acid variation in the V3 loop of HIV-1 affects cellular tropism in CD4-positive cells, but its effect on CD4-negative cells has not been fully analyzed. Here, we describe the effect of amino acid changes in V3 on the HIV-1 infection of a CD4-negative neuronal cell line, SK-N-MC. The sequence of the V3 domain was found to dramatically alter virus infectivity. Furthermore, a gp120 V3 loop neutralizing monoclonal antibody blocked HIV-1 infection on SK-N-MC cells. This data suggests that V3 may also serve as a primary viral determinant for infectivity of CD4-negative cells.
Detection of recurrent and metastatic colorectal cancer: comparison of positron emission tomography and computed tomography.

Background: This study evaluates the clinical value of positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-[F-18] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) as compared to computed tomography (CT) in patients with suspected recurrent or metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC).
Age-dependent increase of heme oxygenase–1 gene expression in the liver mediated by NFκB

Abstract Heme, the iron-porphyrin coordination complex, released from the degradation of hemoproteins, is a strong prooxidant. It is enzymatically degraded by heme oxygenase to free iron, carbon monoxide and biliverdin. Biliverdin and its reduced metabolite bilirubin are two potent physiological antioxidants. Here we show a progressive increase of steady-state levels of the mRNA encoding the inducible isoform of this enzyme (heme oxygenase-1) in the rat liver during aging. We had previously reported that aging is associated with increased activation of the nuclear factor κB (NFκB). We now provide evidence to establish that overexpression of NFκB in transfected liver-derived HepG2 cells can cause a marked induction of the endogenous heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA and activation of the cotransfected HO-1 gene promoter. Taken together, these results support the conclusion that enhanced oxidative stress during aging is accompanied by compensatory induction of the antioxidant enzyme HO-1 through activation of the NFκB pathway.
Impression formation as a function of the relative amounts of information presented by high and low credibility sources

Ss were presented with person-descriptions each consisting of five positive (P) or five negative (N) adjectives supplied by a source of assumed low (L) credibility and one to five adjectives of opposite value supplied by a source of high (H) credibility. Mean impression responses were incremented or decremented by equal amounts as the number of P or N adjectives supplied by the H source was increased progressively. The effectiveness of a single adjective was over twice as great when presented by an H source as when presented by an L source.
Detection and estimation of defects in a circular plate using operational deflection shapes

This paper investigates dynamic characteristics (mode shapes and natural frequencies) and defect detection of circular plates using a scanning laser vibrometer. Exact dynamic characteristics of a circular aluminum plate having a clamped inner rim and a free outer rim are obtained using two methods; one uses Bessel functions and the other uses a multiple shooting method. An in-house finite element code GESA is also used to analyze the circular plate using the DKT plate element. Numerical results show that some reports in the literature are incorrect and that high-frequency Operational Deflection Shapes (ODSs) are needed in order to locate small defects. Detection of two defects in the circular aluminum plate is experimentally studied using the distributions of RMS velocities under broadband periodic chirp excitations. RMS velocities of ODSs, symmetry breaking of ODSs, splitting of natural frequencies and ODSs, and a Boundary Effect Detection (BED) method. The BED method is non-destructive and model-independent; it processes experimental ODSs to reveal extra local boundary effects caused by defects to reveal locations of defects. Experimental results show that small defects in circular plates can be pinpointed by these approaches. Moreover, a new concept of using the balance of elastic and kinetic energies within a mode cell for detecting defects in two- dimensional structures of irregular shapes is proposed.
Command Language Ease of Use: A Comparison of DIALOG and ORBIT

This paper examines results of a survey concerning online users' attitudes and perceptions of the ease of use and other factors of Lockheed's DIALOG and SDC's ORBIT command or query languages. Analysis of the results shows that, along with such factors as the number of files and system first learned, perceived ease of use of a command language is an important consideration in user preference for a given system, and therefore is one of the important reasons why most users prefer DIALOG.
When Bad Things Happen to Bad People: Using Disposition Theory to Explore the Effects of Cautionary Tales

Cautionary tales are a prevalent form of entertainment narrative in media-saturated environments, yet they have received little empirical examination. Using disposition theory, this study manipulated affective disposition toward the protagonist in order to explore the effects of exposure to a cautionary tale on adoption of prosocial attitudes and behavioral intentions. A between-subjects experimental design was used with 2 conditions (positive/negative) and a control group (n = 305). Results provide evidence that exposure to cautionary tales positively influences adoption of attitudes and intentions to purchase a carbon monoxide detector and talk about accidental carbon monoxide poisoning. Affective disposition influenced identification with the protagonist, and perceptions that the protagonist deserved the negative consequences experienced in the cautionary tale narrative. Findings also suggest that identification mediates the relationship between affective disposition and perceived risk.
Multi-scale modeling approaches for functional nano-composite materials

It is the general premise of this paper that multi-scale modeling with multi-physics balance and constitutive representations of the thermal, electrochemical, mechanical, and chemical phenomena that make a fuel cell work is an essential foundation for design and manufacturing. It is further claimed that such modeling enables a systems-to-science engineering approach that will accelerate technology greatly, reduce cost, improve durability, and bring fuel cell systems to life in our society. It is the objective of this paper to identify and provide a few foundation stones of understanding for such an engineering foundation for fuel cell technology, especially that part of the foundation that relates to multi-scale modeling of materials.
Assessment of a mechano-regulation theory of skeletal tissue differentiation in an in vivo model of mechanically induced cartilage formation

Mechanical cues are known to regulate tissue differentiation during skeletal healing. Quantitative characterization of this mechano-regulatory effect has great therapeutic potential. This study tested an existing theory that shear strain and interstitial fluid flow govern skeletal tissue differentiation by applying this theory to a scenario in which a bending motion applied to a healing transverse osteotomy results in cartilage, rather than bone, formation. A 3-D finite element mesh was created from micro-computed tomography images of a bending-stimulated callus and was used to estimate the mechanical conditions present in the callus during the mechanical stimulation. Predictions regarding the patterns of tissues—cartilage, fibrous tissue, and bone—that formed were made based on the distributions of fluid velocity and octahedral shear strain. These predictions were compared to histological sections obtained from a previous study. The mechano-regulation theory correctly predicted formation of large volumes of cartilage within the osteotomy gap and many, though not all patterns of tissue formation observed throughout the callus. The results support the concept that interstitial fluid velocity and tissue shear strain are key mec- hanical stimuli for the differentiation of skeletal tissues.
THE RELATION OF INITIAL SPREADING PRESSURE OF POLAR COMPOUNDS ON WATER TO INTERFACIAL TENSION, WORK OF ADHESION, AND SOLUBILITY.

Abstract An investigation has been made of the effect of chain length and solubility upon the spreading on water of the homologous series of pure normal alcohols from 1-butanol to 1-decanol. Spreading pressure measurements at 20°C were made using the pistonmonolayer method. Each measured value corresponded to the semi-initial spreading pressure, which was equal, within experimental error, to the initial spreading pressure. Surface tensions of these alcohols were measured, as were the interfacial tensions with water. It is concluded that the spreading pressure of each alcohol, together with its surface tension, can be used to calculate reliably the interfacial tension and the reversible work of adhesion to water. Data for the spreading pressures on water of a variety of organic liquids are also given. With these data and literature values of the liquid surface tensions, calculations were made of the interfacial tensions and work of adhesion by means of the equations published by Pomerantz, Clinton, and Zisman. The calculated interfacial tension was plotted as a function of the best available literature value of the solubility of water in each organic liquid. Our results agreed well with Donahue and Bartell's logarithmic relationship between the interfacial tension and the “degree of miscibility.” A relationship is given from which solubility can be estimated from interfacial tension. Finally, the relation between the molar work of adhesion to water and the constitution of the adsorbed organic molecules is discussed.
Influence of temperature and humidity in management of postharvest decay.

Purpose of review: This review assesses recent progress in applying manipulation of temperature and humidity to the management of postharvest decay in fruits and vegetables. Findings: With anticipation of reduced emphasis on the use of fungicides, the value of heat as a postharvest decay management tool has been investigated on several fruit crops, along with crop tolerance of heat treatment. The primary application of heat has been as a component of a multi-tactic decay management program, wherein components additively improve program efficacy. Directions for future research: Postharvest science can benefit from continued expansion and refinement of the integrated multitactic approach in which heat is used to greatest advantage. Further understanding and assessment of the relationship of heat to other tactics is needed, along with application to a wider range of crops.
A model of liquidity overhang

Abstract This paper develops a model of the process by which an overhang of liquidity can arise endogenously in a planned economy managed by a policymaker with price level, money wage, and employment objectives. The source of this liquidity overhang bias is the budgetary implications of the commitment the policymaker makes to employment, wages, and the price level in the face of unforecastable productivity shocks. Using a simple cash-in-advance model, I show that as the length of time between price and wage adjustments increases, the expected liquidity overhang must rise without bound.
Pseudo-Exhaustive Testing for Software

Pseudo-exhaustive testing uses the empirical observation that, for broad classes of software, a fault is likely triggered by only a few variables interacting. The method takes advantage of two relatively recent advances in software engineering: algorithms for efficiently generating covering arrays to represent software interaction test suites, and automated generation of test oracles using model checking. An experiment with a module of the Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) illustrates the approach testing pairwise through 6-way interactions. We also outline current and future work applying the test methodology to a large real-world application, the Personal Identity Verification (PIV) smart card.
Relationship of gonadal hormone administration, sex, reproductive status and age to monoamine oxidase activity within the hypothalamus.

Abstract Activity of Type A monoamine oxidase (MAO) was measured in microdissected samples from preoptic-hypothalamic and hindbrain areas of young male and female rats, and aged female rats. Administration of estradiol and progesterone, in doses sufficient to facilitate lordosis behavior and induce a luteinizing hormone surge in ovariectomized, but not castrated rats, was associated with sexually dimorphic changes of MAO activity within the hypothalamus. Forty-two h following estradiol benzoate administration, increased MAO activity was measured in the ventromedial nucleus (VML) and midbrain central gray of females, while decreased MAO activity was measured in the VML and arcuate-median eminence (ArME) of males. Progesterone administration to estradiol benzoate-primed rats was associated with decreased MAO activity in the VML and medial preoptic nucleus (mPOA) of females and decreased activity in the dorsal raphe nucleus of males. Activity of MAO on diestrus, proestrus and estrus was assessed in ten preoptic-hypothalamic and hindbrain sites. Differences between days of the cycle were limited to the mPOA, ArME and VML. While activities were generally lowest at estrus, these areas exhibited different patterns of activity across the cycle. Activity was highest at proestrus in the mPOA and highest at diestrus in the VML and ArME. Activity of MAO in some areas of 25-month old, diestrus rats was altered as compared to young, cycling rats; however, ageing was not associated with widespread changes in MAO activity. In the suprachiasmatic nucleus, aged rats showed approximately 30% less activity than young rats. In the mPOA, VML and ArME, activity in aged females was different from some, but not all, days of the estrous cycle. These results show that MAO activity changes within specific hypothalamic sites when the neuroendocrine axis is altered. Since the changes are present in areas where activity of rnonoaminergic systems is critical for initiating gonadotrophin surges and inducing lordosis behavior, these results provide initial evidence that catabolism of monoamines by MAO may contribute to rnonoaminergic regulation of reproductive function.
A lagrangian property for homogeneous programs

Euler's equation is applied to the response function of a mathematical program whose maximand and constraint functions are positively homogeneous over the policy cone. An algorithmic advantage (using GLM) is cited, and certain posynomial geometric programs are distinguished.
Time on target meter.

Summary The design and construction of an inexpensive time-on-target meter are presented with a logic diagram. This meter has been found to facilitate the recording of proprioceptive feedback performance by automatically recording the cumulative percent of time that the subject's manual tracking is within a specified range on a given trial.
Synthesis of Molybdenum Dicarbonyl Complexes Bearing Tethered Homoallylic Amines and Sulfides

A series of organomolybdenum complexes, 8−14, bearing a π-allyl ligand tethered to a chelating heteroatom, have been synthesized from the reaction of allylic acetates 1−4 with the sodium salt of β-dicarbonyl compounds 5−7 and Mo(CO)6 in THF. X-ray structural analysis established the relative configuration at the metal center.
Digging and pushing lunar regolith: Classical soil mechanics and the forces needed for excavation and traction

Abstract There are many notional systems for excavating lunar regolith in NASA’s Exploration Vision. Quantitative system performance comparisons are scarce in the literature. This paper focuses on the required forces for excavation and traction as quantitative predictors of system feasibility. The rich history of terrestrial soil mechanics is adapted to extant lunar regolith parameters to calculate the forces. The soil mechanics literature often acknowledges the approximate results from the numerous excavation force models in use. An intent of this paper is to examine their variations in the lunar context. Six excavation models and one traction model are presented. The effects of soil properties are explored for each excavation model, for example, soil cohesion and friction, tool–soil adhesion, and soil density. Excavation operational parameters like digging depth, rake angle, gravity, and surcharge are examined. For the traction model, soil, operational, and machine design parameters are varied to probe choices. Mathematical anomalies are noted for several models. One conclusion is that the excavation models yield such disparate results that lunar-field testing is prudent. All the equations and graphs presented have been programmed for design use. Parameter ranges and units are included.
Electronically Distributed Work Communities: Implications for Research on Telework

Whereas the Industrial Revolution attracted workers away from home‐based community settings to central locations, the current proliferation of personal computers and asynchronous telecommunications technologies is reversing this trend. By networking employees from different geographical sites together, these technologies are producing “hybrid” organizational structures that permit their members to work within flexible schedules and in flexible places, even to the point of working at home. The result is the electronically distributed work community: a population of nonproximal coworkers who labor together electronically. This paper presents a springboard for conducting research on telework as it is understood within the context of that community. The paper begins with a brief history of telecommuting and describes its influence on the electronic community and organizational structures in general within the past two decades. The paper concludes by presenting implications for research on telework in the areas of privacy regulation, emergency preparedness, self‐efficacy, temporal aspects of employee behavior, communication patterns, and organizational effectiveness.
Biomass and neutral lipid production in geothermal microalgal consortia.

Recently, technologies have been developed that offer the possibility of using algal biomass as feedstocks to energy producing systems- in addition to oil-derived fuels (Bird et al., 2011;Bird et al., 2012). Growing native mixed microalgal consortia for biomass in association with geothermal resources has the potential to mitigate negative impacts of seasonally low temperatures on biomass production systems as well as mitigate some of the challenges associated with growing unialgal strains. We assessed community composition, growth rates, biomass and neutral lipid production of microalgal consortia obtained from geothermal hot springs in the Great Basin/Nevada area that were cultured under different thermal and light conditions. Biomass production rates ranged from 368 to 3246 mg C L-1 d-1. The neutral lipid production in these consortia with and without shifts to lower temperatures and additions of bicarbonate (both environmental parameters that have been shown to enhance neutral lipid production) ranged from zero to 38.74 mg free fatty acids and triacylglycerols L-1 d-1, the upper value was approximately 6% of the biomass produced. The higher lipid values were most likely due to the presence of Achnanthidium sp. Palmitic and stearic acids were the dominant free fatty acids. The S/U ratio (the saturated to unsaturated FA ratio) decreased for cultures shifted from their original temperature to 15°C. Biomass production was within the upper limits of those reported for individual strains, and production of neutral lipids was increased with secondary treatment – all results demonstrate a potential of culturing and manipulating resultant microalgal consortia for biomass-based energy production and perhaps even for biofuels.
Cultural differences on three measures of dissociation in a substance abuse population

Scores on three measures of dissociation were compared between 48 African American and 48 Caucasian men being treated for substance abuse at a VA Medical Center. The three assessment instruments included the Dissociative Experience Scale, the Questionnaire of Experiences of Dissociation, and the North Carolina Index of Dissociation. Groups were matched with respect to age, education, marital status, number of previous treatments, IQ, employment status, history of childhood abuse, and psychological discomfort. In each case, the African-American group scored higher, with statistical significance being achieved on two of the three instruments. Potential implications of these findings were discussed and future research was suggested.
Human sleep-electroencephalogram: a damped oscillatory phenomenon.

Human sleep-electroencephalogram, obtained on a compressed time scale, very graphically demonstrates its damped oscillatory nature. Its waveform demonstrates a constant logarithmic decrement of successive peak heights and is skewed to the right. We suggest that quantitative measures may be obtained from this type of record that may help answer the following: (i) how to quantitate the biological predisposition to fall asleep at any given time, (ii) whether a particular night's sleep was normal, (iii) what length of sleep may fulfill the biological need of the subject. The rate at which the electroencephalogram of a sleeping subject is approaching maximum amplitude may be used as a measure of a force driving the phenomenon. The logarithmic decrement of successive peak heights may be used as a test for a “normal” or a “disturbed” night's sleep. The rate of decay (decay constant, k) of the envelope of electroencephalogram may be used as an index to determine the length of sleep necessary for a subject.
Experimental evidence for spatial memory in foraging wild capuchin monkeys, Cebus apella

Obtaining convincing evidence for spatial memory of natural food sources in wild animals is hard because the observer rarely knows as much about the available food as does the animal, and the ability of the animal to detect novel food sources is usually not measured. In this study, I took advantage of the scarcity of natural fruit sources in the subtropical winter to present a wild group of brown capuchin monkeys with a large-scale array of 15 feeding platforms spaced ca 200 m apart. With this array, I could control the location, productivity and renewal schedule of the major fruit sources used by these animals. Combining an independent measurement of their detection field for these platforms with the known locations of the platforms, I calculated the expected patterns of movement among platform sites by the group under various models of 'random' foraging. These expected patterns were compared to the actual spatial movements of the group. The capuchin group moved significantly more often toward closer platforms and in straighter lines than expected by any random search model using their observed detection field of 82 m, although their behaviour did agree with such models for unrealistically large search fields of 225-350 m. I infer that the movements of this study group are likely to be guided by spatial memory. However, straight-line movement and a preference for closer platforms are in general not convincing evidence for spatial memory unless the detection field of the forager for the resources is known. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
Computed tomography-assisted management of splenic trauma

Abstract Background In patients who have suffered an injury to the spleen, preservation of the organ is of the utmost importance. To assist in management, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) has been used. We reviewed our experience with a protocol for nonoperative management of splenic trauma based on CT grading of the injury. Methods: During the initial period of the study, 50 CT examinations for blunt abdominal trauma in adults were reviewed by staff radiologists for evidence of splenic injury. The radiologists, blinded to clinical management decisions, graded the CT studies as “A” if there was a subcapsular hematoma or capsular disruption, “B” if there was a parenchymal injury not extending into the hilum, or “C” if there was deep laceration of fracture of the hilum. Following confirmation of the accuracy and reproducibility of the grading scale, the splenic trauma management protocol was instituted, in which nonhilar injuries were managed nonoperatively. Results In the initial assessment, patients managed nonoperatively had shorter hospital stays and received fewer blood transfusions than those undergoing operation. Among 30 patients subsequently enrolled in the protocol, those treated nonoperatively remained in the hospital for fewer days than those treated surgically. Again, fewer units of blood and platelets were used in the nonoperative group. Institution of the protocol decreased the incidence of celiotomy. Conclusions The severity of splenic trauma evident on CT staging guides safe nonoperative management. Patients not suffering injury to the splenic hilum (A and B scores) can be managed without operation, resulting in shorter hospital stays and fewer blood products used.
A practical method for assessing the performance of control loops subject to random load changes

Abstract A method is described for detecting load changes and characterizing subsequent responses in single-input-single-output (SISO) feedback control loops. The method is computationally simple and suitable for on-line implementation in a controller. Load changes are detected using a statistical change detection procedure that uses zero-crossings information to account for autocorrelation. Responses are characterized by a normalized index that can be related to a damping ratio in a second-order model. Results are presented from applying the method to data from a simulated control loop and two temperature control loops in a large office building.
Commutation Relations at Null Infinity for Interacting Massless Fields

A Lorentz-covariant field theory for interacting massless fields is presented with a view toward characterizing the solutions and their commutation relations in terms of prescribed initial data at past null infinity, ${\mathcal{I}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. The interacting fields decouple naturally on ${\mathcal{I}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, and by employing a perturbative expansion of the fields in powers of the coupling parameter, one can integrate the equations into finite regions. The fields and their Poisson brackets are determined everywhere in space-time by the incoming modes of the free fields and their commutation relations on ${\mathcal{I}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. In order that the required limits exist at past null infinity, it is found that conditions must be imposed on the asymptotic initial data in the neighborhood of the singular point ${I}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. The conditions obtained are closely related to the physical requirement of finite incident flux of energy, momentum, and angular momentum. Although the standard canonical commutation relations for the classical fields are recovered for any two points in space-time with a spacelike separation, there is reason to believe that it may no longer be true for the quantized fields.
Does prolonged therapy with a long-acting stimulant suppress growth in children with ADHD?

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate whether prolonged therapy with a long-acting stimulant affects growth in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method One hundred seventy-eight children ages 6 to 13 years received OROS methylphenidate (OROS MPH, CONCERTA) for at least 21 months. Height and weight were measured monthly during the first year and every 3 months thereafter. Results At baseline, subjects were approximately the expected height for their age and somewhat heavier than expected. Subjects gained height steadily throughout the study and were on average 0.23 cm less than expected at month 21. Weight did not increase and BMI decreased slightly in the first 4 months. Thereafter, weight Z score and BMI Z score remained relatively constant and children were on average 1.23 kg less than expected at month 21. Previous stimulant therapy tended to be associated with a smaller decrease in Z score during the study compared with no previous stimulant therapy. Drug holidays did not significantly affect growth. Conclusions The effects of prolonged OROS MPH therapy on growth were clinically insignificant and limited to slight decreases in weight during the first months of therapy. Drug holidays did not reduce any impact on growth and are thus of questionable utility for limiting potential effects of treatment on growth. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry , 2006;45(5):000-000.
Calculating the hazard function and probability of tumor for cancer risk assessment when the parameters are time-dependent.

The probability of tumor and hazard function are calculated in a stochastic two-stage model for carcinogenesis when the parameters of the model are time-dependent. The method used is called the method of characteristics.
Identification of an immunoreactive folate in serum extracts by radioimmunoassay.

Summary. A radioimmunoassay for folic acid using antibodies with binding determinants specific for this vitamin has been used to identify an immunoreactive folate in serum and serum extracts. Because reduced folates such as methyltetra-hydrofolate, formyltetrahydrofolate and dihydrofolate did not inhibit the antibody binding of [3H]folic acid while unreduced folates did, the immunoreactive folate in serum and serum extracts was most likely an unreduced folate. Serum extracted by boiling in the absence of ascorbate had a significantly higher concentration of immunoreactive folate than did whole serum. The extraction procedure apparently released or converted endogenous folate to an immunoreactive form because serum extracted with ascorbate contained very low concentrations of the immunoreactive form. The range of recovery of crystalline folic acid added to serum and assayed in extracts prepared without ascorbate was 82-132%, with a mean of 104%. Subjects taking oral folic acid had significantly elevated levels of serum immunoreactive folate. Following intravenous administration of folic acid, the immunoreactive folate concentration did not rise as high and it decreased more rapidly in folate deficient patients than in normal subjects. Serum extracted without ascorbate from normal, vitamin B12 and folate deficient subjects had immunoreactive folate levels (mean ± SEM) of 1350 ± 110, 949 ± 152 and 525 ± 72 pg/ml, respectively.
THE COMPOSITION OF THE JOHNSTOWN METEORITE

A new analysis of the Johnstown meteorite, a hypersthene achondrite, gives the following results (weight percent): SiO2 53.48, TiO2 0.12, Al2O3 1.43, Cr2O3 0.83, FeO 15.63, MnO 0.54, MgO 25.87, CaO 1.40, Na2O 0.04, K2O 0.00, P2O5 0.00, H2O+ <0.1, H2O- 0.05, Ni <0.05, Co <0.01, FeS 1.18, sum 100.57. Published and unpublished data on minor and trace elements in the bulk meteorite and in the pyroxene are presented in tabular form.
Image-guided radiovirotherapy for multiple myeloma using a recombinant measles virus expressing the thyroidal sodium iodide symporter

The Edmonston vaccine strain of measles virus (MV-Edm) propagates efficiently in a broad range of human tumor cells, killing them selectively. However, the oncolytic potency of MV-Edm in different human tumor xenograft therapy models is highly variable and there is no convenient way to map the distribution of virus-infected tissues in vivo. To enhance the oncolytic potency of MV-Edm against radiosensitive malignancies and to facilitate noninvasive imaging of infected tissues, we generated a recombinant MV-Edm encoding the human thyroidal iodide symporter (NIS). MV-NIS replicated almost as efficiently as unmodified MV-Edm, and human tumor cells efficiently concentrated radioiodine when infected with MV-NIS. Intratumoral spread of MV-NIS was noninvasively demonstrated by serial gamma-camera imaging of iodine-123 (123I) uptake both in MV-sensitive KAS-6/1 myeloma xenografts, which regressed completely after a single intravenous dose of MV-NIS, and in MM1 myeloma xenografts, which were unresponsive to MVNIS therapy. However, MV-resistant MM1 tumors regressed completely when 131I was administered 9 days after a single intravenous injection of MV-NIS (radiovirotherapy). 131I alone had no effect on MM1 tumor growth. While the potential hematopoietic toxicity of this new therapy requires further evaluation, image-guided radiovirotherapy is a promising new approach to the treatment of multiple myeloma, an incurable but highly radiosensitive plasma cell malignancy. Testing in other radiosensitive cancers is warranted.