cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The sieving coefficient and clearance of vasopressin during continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill children

Abstract Hypothesis As vasopressin is a small peptide, its sieving coefficient (SC) and clearance (CL) during continuous renal replacement therapy may be intermediate to those for urea and β2 microglobulin (commonly used markers for small– and middle–molecular weight solutes, respectively). Methods A prospective, minimal-risk study was undertaken of the SC and CL of vasopressin in critically ill children on the first day of continuous renal replacement therapy using AN69 membrane filters and prefilter replacement fluid. All prefilter plasma (vasopressin) samples were drawn from the arterial port after predilution. Results Nine patients with fluid overload, renal failure, or both were recruited (median age, 14 years) during the first day of either continuous venovenous hemofiltration (n = 3) or hemodiafiltration (n = 6). Multiorgan dysfunction syndrome was present in 8 patients, and 3 were in shock (2 were receiving a vasopressin infusion). Median prefilter plasma (vasopressin) was 1.7 pg/mL, although data points were skewed: 5 patients had a low prefilter plasma (vasopressin) ( Conclusions The SC and CL of vasopressin by continuous venovenous hemofiltration or hemodiafiltration in these critically ill children were similar to values for urea.
Combining Ethical Considerations With Recruitment and Follow-Up Strategies for Partner Violence Victimization Research

In general, the literature on research ethics and the literature on recruitment and retention of research participants tend to be separated by different purposes and principles. This article uses multiple methods to compile information about research ethics with vulnerable participants as well as with recruitment and follow-up strategies, including (a) literature reviews, (b) key informant interviews, (c) focus group interviews, (d) a pilot study to test ideas for study implementation, and (e) documentation of recruitment and follow-up efforts for a longitudinal study of 757 women with partner violence victimization experiences. This article shows how considering research ethics may actually enhance recruitment and follow-up strategies with women experiencing partner violence victimization.
Performance of Analyst Recommendations in the Istanbul Stock Exchange

This study examines the performance of analyst recommendations made for securities listed in the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE). We investigate the long-run abnormal returns of a trading strategy that purchases (sells) stocks with the most (least) favorable recommendations. We also examine the short term price reaction to recommendation revisions. Our results are consistent with analysts not possessing superior stock picking ability.
The processing pathway of prelamin A

The conversion of mammalian prelamin A to mature lamin A proceeds through the removal of 18 amino acids from the carboxyl terminus. The initial step in this processing is the isoprenylation of a CAAX box cysteine. This proteolytic event is distinctive for prelamin A among the known prenylated mammalian proteins. Since the carboxyl terminus of prelamin A is removed during maturation, it is not obvious that this protein would undergo the two reactions subsequent to prenylation observed in other CAAX box proteins--the endoproteolytic removal of the carboxyl-terminal 3 amino acids and the subsequent methylation of the now carboxyl-terminal cysteine. To characterize the maturation of prelamin A further, we have developed a CHO-K1 cell line that possesses a dexamethasone-inducible human prelamin A against a genetic background of high mevalonate uptake. Utilizing this cell line in association with antibodies specific to the transgenic prelamin A, we have been able to demonstrate directly in vivo that prelamin A undergoes farnesylation and carboxymethylation prior to conversion to lamin A, as is the case for other prenylated proteins. We have demonstrated previously that in the absence of isoprenylation, conversion of prelamin A to lamin A is blocked, but that unprocessed prelamin A is transported to the nucleus where it can still undergo maturation. Consistent with the implications of these prior studies, we now demonstrate the presence of both subunits of farnesyl-protein transferase in the nucleus.
Support vector machine software

The support vector machine has been used successfully to perform pattern recognition on many different types of biological data. However, applying the algorithm to a new problem domain is often nontrivial, because the algorithm offers many tunable parameters. Most important among these are the choice of the kernel function and the strength of the soft margin. This chapter describes the SVM algorithm and gives some practical advice for applying the algorithm to real biological data. Keywords: support vector machine; pattern recognition; classification; microarray analysis; machine learning
An experiment with a modified whole language approach in first‐grade classrooms

Abstract The “whole language” movement is the most discussed trend in language arts education today. Most educators resonate with classroom practices proposed by whole language advocates. Some, however, believe that the position taken against the direct teaching of phonics skills by whole language enthusiasts is ill‐advised, especially for first‐grade children. A recent review of studies comparing whole language approaches with basal approaches suggests that whole language approaches may not be as effective as basals in helping students master the word recognition skills prerequisite to effective comprehension. A modified whole language approach, focusing more directly on word recognition skills, was developed, implemented, and tested in three first‐grade classrooms in Provo, Utah. Nine of ten characteristics generally associated with whole language approaches were kept intact in the modified program. However, a daily 15‐minute period of total class phonics instruction was added to the program, which is n...
Submerged plants may have substantial growth in shallow water lakes under nitrogen deposition: a theoretical investigation

Understanding shallow water lakes is important because they are not only subjected to a number of natural and anthropogenic stressors but are also able to switch from clear states with high levels of biodiversity to dominance by suspended sediments, phytoplankton, or floating plants. Such switches are often influenced by high levels of nitrogen deposition, which may reduce the diversity of submerged plant communities, suppressing benthic animal and plant life. Therefore, it is important to predict potential effects of nitrogen on such a change. I modeled competition for light and nutrients between floating and submerged plants under low and high nutrient levels. Both types of plants were randomly chosen in their trait space by varying their average trait values by +/-25%. Surprisingly, I found that submerged plants could perform better under high nitrogen by having substantial growth rates. Further, I found that responsiveness to nitrogen deposition is greater in shallow lakes with low biomass than high biomass. My results suggest that shallow lakes with low productivity may respond strongly to nitrogen deposition. Moreover, albedo may increase in the future over shallow lakes. Thus, future warming over shallow lakes may be higher than current predictions. Earth System Models should allow the trait values of submerged and floating plants to vary when making predictions about future climatic conditions.
Appendiceal tissue confirmation of Fabry’s disease

A 15-year-old female with Fabry’s disease (FD) (P409S mutation) presented with abdominal pain. Physical findings included a temperature of 102.6 °F, blood pressure of 86/62 mm Hg, diffuse abdominal tenderness, and no angiokeratomas. Laboratory evaluation revealed a white blood cell count of 25.2 × 103/mm3. Computed tomography showed acute appendicitis, and appendectomy was performed. The patient had recently undergone a routine baseline assessment for her FD. Corneal whorls were present on ophthalmologic exam. Serum creatinine was 0.4 mg/dl and urine albumin excretion was 7 mg/day. Echocardiogram showed a ‘bright’ myocardium without left ventricular hypertrophy, whereas contrasted cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed posterobasal left ventricular wall late-enhancement consistent with Fabry’s cardiomyopathy. Brain MRI was normal. Confirmation of tissue involvement, preferably with electron microscopy, is necessary before initiation of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for FD. Coincidently, the appendiceal pathology specimen became available. Both endothelial (Figure 1a) and smooth muscle cells (Figure 1b) contained lysosomal inclusions typical of FD. With tissue confirmation of significant globotriacylceramide (Gb3) deposits, ERT was instituted.
Immigration Status and the Healthcare Access and Health of Children of Immigrants

Objective In this article, I examine how children's and parents’ immigration status (U.S. born, legal immigrant, or undocumented) is associated with children's access to insurance and healthcare and with children's physical health. Methods I use the first wave of the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey, which is representative of Los Angeles County in 2000–2001, to analyze data on parents' and children's immigration status, children's health insurance coverage, children's healthcare utilization, and children's health, using logistic and ordered logistic regression models. Results I find that undocumented immigrant children face severely constrained access to health insurance and a usual source of healthcare, while children with foreign-born parents have lower global health status than children with U.S.-born parents. Children with undocumented parents may have less access to a doctor diagnosis for common childhood ailments. Conclusion These results show that without being eligible for public insurance, many undocumented children lack health insurance and a usual healthcare provider, even in a part of the country with substantial experience serving immigrant families.
Current Role of Therapy with Amphotericin B

Systemic antifungal chemotherapy frequently is more difficult to conduct than antibacterial therapy. Factors that make it difficult include, but are not limited to, common biosynthetic pathways among the eukaryotes and humans, a relative lack of agents, imprecise modes of use, general lack of standardization of in vitro susceptibility tests that have clinical correlations, and, with certain exceptions, lack of clinical correlations with in vitro results of combination antifungal chemotherapy. Amphotericin B has been available for intravenous administration for greater than 30 years and, despite its shortcomings, remains the drug of choice or reference agent in the therapy for many specific systemic fungal infections in various clinical settings. The current role of amphotericin B therapy in these situations and the need for additional controlled, comparative clinical trials with azoles, liposomal amphotericin B, and amphotericin B complex are discussed.
Preharvest Infestation of Cowpeas by the Cowpea Weevil (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and Population Trends during Storage in Florida

An examination of 62 one-bushel bags of cowpeas, representing 49 different fields, revealed an extremely low preharvest infestation level (mean 2.33 Callosobruchus maculatus [F.] adults) emerging per bushel per 2 weeks of storage. From similar initial infestation levels, populations either slowly dwindled away or after an 18-week delay increased exponentially.
Chlorination by the Myeloperoxidase-H2O2-CI-Antimicrobial System at Acid and Neutral pH

SummaryThe oxidation of Cl- ion by H2O2 yielding Cl+ is catalyzed by myelope-roxidase (MPO) prepared from human PMN. Both H2O2 and CI- in this reaction serve as substrates. Affinity (apparent) studies between MPO and CI- and MPO and H2O2 were carried out. Both (apparent) affinities vary according to pH. The higher the pH, the less the affinity for Cl-. In contrast, the affinity between MPO and H2O2 increases with pH. The dissociation constant of the MPO-CI- enzyme substrate complex is affected by the second substrate, H2O2. The effect of H2O2 on the MPO-C1- affinity is competitive. Likewise, the MPO-H2O2 affinity is decreased with increasing Cl- concentration. This influence is also competitive. From these interactions, it may be concluded that the optimal pH for chlori-nation is dependent on the [H2O2]/[C1-] ratio. The relationship of pH, H2O2, and CI- concentrations may be expressed by the following formula: pH = log [CI-] x560/ [H2O2]. Using the formula, it can be shown that optimal chlorination may oc...
GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION FOR JUVENILE GROWTH IN THE HARD CLAM MERCENARIA MERCENARIA (L.).

Offspring from half-sib and full-sib families of the hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria were reared in five locations along the Atlantic Coast to test for the presence of genotype-environment interaction for juvenile growth rate. Location effects upon growth rate variation were prevalent; of the genetic effects, the additive genetic by location variance was predominant with the nonadditive genetic by location component contributing to a lesser degree to the interaction variance. The additive and nonadditive variation over all environments was negligible. Genotype-environment interaction was found to be at least partially due to a change in the amount of genetic variation expressed at each location; with significant additive variation detected at Charleston and Georgetown, SC sites and significant nonadditive variation at Millsboro, DE. Genetic covariance/correlation analysis indicated that reversals in relative family performance across locations were prevalent, implying the possibility of habitat specialization among genotypes. In addition, graphical analysis produced no evidence of a ubiquitously superior genotype. These analyses suggest that genotype-environment interaction should act to constrain the evolution of juvenile growth rate in Mercenaria, preserve any heritable variation associated with this trait and may lead to the development of phenotypic plasticity for growth.
Spatial model for simulating changes in temperature and insect population dynamics in stored grain

A spatial model describing insect population dynamics in a grain bin was developed by coupling a model of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) with a twodimensional bin temperature model. In the model, the bin is divided into 16 compartments. The insect model is run separately for each compartment. This allows the insect model to simulate different population growth rates based on each compartment's average daily temperature. Field data for a 351-m3 (10,000 bu) bin located in Cloud County, KS, was used to validate the model. The model predicted grain temperatures accurately for each of the nine compartments, except the center top portion of the grain mass. In this region, observed grain temperatures were 8°C higher than predicted during December. This may have been caused by convective air movement. In general, the model accurately predicted insect density for most of the bin compartments. However, the model tended to overestimate insect density in the center of the grain mass during the end of the storage period in December. During this period, actual grain temperatures were still optimal for C. ferrugineus growth. Cephalonomia waters toni (Gahan), a common hostspecific parasitoid of C. ferrugineus, may have been responsible for the pest population decrease.
Cannabis Abusers Show Hypofrontality and Blunted Brain Responses to a Stimulant Challenge in Females but not in Males

The extent to which cannabis is deleterious to the human brain is not well understood. Here, we test whether cannabis abusers (CA) have impaired frontal function and reactivity to dopaminergic signaling, which are fundamental to relapse in addiction. We measured brain glucose metabolism using PET and [(18)F]FDG both at baseline (placebo) and after challenge with methylphenidate (MP), a dopamine-enhancing drug, in 24 active CA (50% female) and 24 controls (HC; 50% female). Results show that (i) CA had lower baseline glucose metabolism than HC in frontal cortex including anterior cingulate, which was associated with negative emotionality. (ii) MP increased whole-brain glucose metabolism in HC but not in CA; and group by challenge effects were most profound in putamen, caudate, midbrain, thalamus, and cerebellum. In CA, MP-induced metabolic increases in putamen correlated negatively with addiction severity. (iii) There were significant gender effects, such that both the group differences at baseline in frontal metabolism and the attenuated regional brain metabolic responses to MP were observed in female CA but not in male CA. As for other drug addictions, reduced baseline frontal metabolism is likely to contribute to relapse in CA. The attenuated responses to MP in midbrain and striatum are consistent with decreased brain reactivity to dopamine stimulation and might contribute to addictive behaviors in CA. The gender differences suggest that females are more sensitive than males to the adverse effects of cannabis in brain.
Electrocardiographic findings in 70 patients with pulmonary embolism

Objective:To assess electrocardiographic changes in patients with pulmonary embolism and some of them complicated with coronary artery disease.Method:To retrospect the electrocardiography(ECG) changes in 70 patients hospitalized in the department of cardiology from Jan.2003 to July 2005.50 of them were complicated with CAD.All diagnosis in them were confirmed by ventilation-perfusion scanning and coronary angiography.Result:ECG abnormal rate is 70.0%.The rate of P pulmonale,S_ⅠQ_ⅢT_Ⅲ,right bronch block and precardial T wave inversion is 22.9%.Comparing the ECG abnormal rate between PE and PE complicated with CAD patients,there was not statistically significant difference(χ2=2.99 P=0.084).Conclusion:The ECG alone has very limited value in confirming PE diagnosis.
Aberrant Immunoglobulin Synthesis in AL Amyloid

Bone marrow cells obtained from 13 patients with biopsy documented AL disease were incubated in short term culture with radioactive amino acids. Immunologic precipitation of cytoplasm and secreted material was performed and the precipitates analyzed on SDS containing polyacrylamide gels. All the patients synthesized excess free light chains and light chain dimers. In addition, 8 of 13 patients synthesized molecules smaller than intact light chains which were precipitable with anti-L-chain constant region sera. Two of thirteen patients synthesized heavy chain fragments. These data show that some patients with AL disease synthesize L-chain fragments and suggest that these aberrant synthetic products may play a role in the pathogenesis of AL deposition.
Financial Lower Bounds of Online Advertising Abuse

Online advertising is a complex on-line business, which has become the target of abuse. Recent charges filed from the United States Department of Justice against the operators of the DNSChanger botnet stated that the botnet operators stole approximately US $14 millioni¾?[11, 18] over two years. Using monetization tactics similar to DNSChanger, several large botnets i.e., ZeroAccess and TDSS/TDL4 abuse the ad ecosystem at scale. In order to understand the depth of the financial abuse problem, we need methods that will enable us to passively study large botnets and estimate the lower bounds of their financial abuse. In this paper we present a system, $$A^{2}S$$, which is able to analyze one of the most complex, sophisticated, and long-lived botnets: TDSS/TDL4. Using passive datasets from a large Internet Service Provider in north America, we conservatively estimate lower bounds behind the financial abuse TDSS/TDL4 inflicted on the advertising ecosystem since 2010. Over its lifetime, less than 15i¾?% of the botnet's victims caused at least US$346 million in damages to advertisers due to impression fraud. TDSS/TDL4 abuse translates to an average US$340 thousand loss per day to advertisers, which is three times the ZeroAccess botneti¾?[27] and more than ten times the DNSChanger botneti¾?[2] estimates of fraud.
The Professional Soldier as a Parasitic Entrepreneur

The professional soldier is not simply a military officer, he is also a family man. In both capacities, he is expected to carve a social niche for himself according to his social status in society and to provide for his family. For the average professional soldier, the military salary is unlikely to help him achieve both ends. The salary is always viewed by the soldier as too low, and the expectations of society for him as too high. In confronting this inner conflict, the soldier may feel obligated to engage in additional income-producing activities, such as holding another job on the side, developing a small business in the city, or farming in the countryside. He may even be engaged in various schemes of culturally accepted forms of corruption in order to secure a monthly income that a full-time military job cannot provide.1
Taxing Multinationals in a World with International Mergers and Acquisitions: Should the Home Country Exempt Foreign Income?

The taxation of foreign-source income has come under increasing attack by academic researchers and policy-makers. According to the traditional view, national welfare maximization requires that a capital-exporting country tax income from capital invested at home and abroad at the same rate, with a deduction for taxes paid to foreign governments. The basic idea is that a lower tax rate on foreign-source income will cause an inefficiently large outflow of investment, as domestic capital owners seek to escape the higher tax rate at home.1 But Desai and Hines (2003, 2004) have argued that this close relation between investment at home and investment abroad is not observed, and that foreign-source income should not be taxed because the extra tax borne by domestic investors distorts their decisions to buy and sell foreign companies. Their view of the world is described by the following passage: … modern scholars view FDI as arising from differential capabilities, and consequently differential productivity, among firms, and the extension of intangible assets across borders. This intuition squares well with empirical FDI patterns, which include the fact that most of the world’s FDI represents investment from one high-income country into another, and the fact that a very high fraction of such investment takes the form of acquiring existing businesses. Consequently, most FDI represents transfers of control and ownership, and need not involve transfers of net savings. (2004: 956) In other words, whereas the focus of the traditional view has been on ‘capital export neutrality’, the new view elevates ‘ownership neutrality’ to center stage, and argues that foreign-source income should be exempt from taxes levied by the home government.
Future Directions for Animal Models in Behavior Genetics

The coming decades hold great promise and excitement for the field of behavioral genetics. Advances in sequencing technology have unraveled the complete genetic sequence of many organisms, with the speed and cost-efficiency of this technology increasing with each passing year. This technical revolution in genetic sequencing has not only expanded our understanding of normal variation in genetic structure, but also enhanced the potential to link genetic variation with changes in behavior. Moving forward, a major challenge will be identifying incisive and efficient ways to use animal models to sift through this rapidly expanding body of knowledge, and to understand how genetic variation influences brain function and ultimately affects behavior. In this chapter, we outline recent developments and emerging technology that should prove useful in this endeavor, and consider how to leverage this technology to forge connections between genes, brain function, and behavior.
Demand response control of residential HVAC loads based on dynamic electricity prices and economic analysis

During peak hours, electrical loads of residential HVAC systems can cause imbalance between electricity supply and demand. Demand response control has the potential to facilitate supply–demand balance. The demand side load control can help reduce electricity consumption through demand response programs. Since HVAC loads are the major contributors to peak loads, reducing HVAC load at peak hours is an objective of many demand response technologies. This article analyzes performance of the dynamic thermostat controller of HVAC systems in homes that have dynamic price of electricity. Based on a price signal, the dynamic thermostat controller sets back the thermostat temperature to save electricity consumption and costs. The consumers choose participation in the demand response program based on the real-time price of electricity and set a threshold price that the thermostat uses to set the temperature during peak power price period. The performance of dynamic thermostat controller was analyzed for two cities, ...
When depression is diagnosed, older adults are as likely as younger adults to be prescribed pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy

Abstract Objective This study examined age group differences in the rates of depression diagnosis and treatment using a national probability sample. Methods Using data from the 2012 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (n=62,723 visits by patients aged 18+ years), we used bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses to test age group differences in antidepressant medication (ADM) and psychotherapy prescribed/ordered or provided at visits during which depression was diagnosed. Results Visits by older adults were less likely to result in a depression diagnosis than visits by younger individuals: 2.46% and 1.80% in the 65–74 and 75+ age groups, compared to 4.06%, 4.24% and 4.12% in the 18–29, 30–49 and 50–64 age groups, respectively. Of all visits involving diagnosed depression, 65.88% included prescribing/ordering or providing ADM and 19.01% included psychotherapy ordering or providing, without significant age group difference. Prescribing/ordering or providing ADM occurs frequently during visits to physicians regardless of specialty, while psychotherapy was ordered or provided mostly during visits to psychiatrists. Conclusions During ambulatory care visits in which depression was diagnosed, older adults were as likely as younger adults to be prescribed/provided treatment; however, in more than 30% of visits by depressed older adults neither ADM nor psychotherapy was prescribed.
A Comment Exchange, Perceptions of Value, and Relationship Marketing: Applying the Basics to the Future

This brief comment represents an attempt to outline the basics of the marketing exchange process as I perceive them, and apply them to relationship marketing. To do so in a concise manner, the basics of exchange are presented in the form of the deductive model. The language of this process is that of a dyadic exchange for ease of understanding, but the language could easily be extended to a much more complex exchange scenario. An apparent paradox of the exchange process is presented, and solutions to the paradox are then explored.After the reviewing the marketing exchange framework,. a brief look at relationship marketing as it relates to exchange is presented. Specifically, the section explores the impact of marketing basics on relationship marketing.
Autonomous Wideband Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Utilizing a Resonant Inverter

Piezoelectric energy harvesters generate electrical power from ambient mechanical vibrations, making these vibrations a viable energy source for powering wireless sensor and identifier nodes. In order to harvest an appreciable amount of power, piezoelectric devices are typically inserted into high-Q mechanical resonant structures that significantly limit their harvesting bandwidth. The dynamic active energy harvesting method has been proposed as a way to widen the bandwidth of resonant piezoelectric energy harvesters; however, an autonomous design has not yet been demonstrated. This paper demonstrates the first autonomous implementation of this method. This was accomplished through the use of a resonant inverter topology in combination with a low-power analog control circuit design that reduces the computational demand of the microcontroller. Experimental results using the Mide Volture V20w piezoelectric device show that the harvested power is up to twice that of the adaptive rectifier method. These results include previously ignored loss mechanisms such as control losses, gating losses, and phase detection losses, making this system the first autonomous energy harvesting system of its kind.
Rapid access to genetic discoveries underlying human disease.

This month Cold Spring Harbor Molecular Case Studies unveils a new article type, Rapid Communications, for the dissemination of novel genetic variants and/or novel phenotypes in known genes discovered in patients from genetic and genomic sequencing. With the regular identification of novel variants in patients with rare diseases, an efficient mechanism to define the spectrum of variation and the range of clinical presentations associated with previously identified genes is needed.
Spectral splitting optimization for high-efficiency solar photovoltaic and thermal power generation

Utilizing the full solar spectrum is desirable to enhance the conversion efficiency of a solar power generator. In practice, this can be achieved through spectral splitting between multiple converters in parallel. However, it is unclear which wavelength bands should be directed to each converter in order to maximize the efficiency. We developed a model of an ideal hybrid solar converter which utilizes both a single-junction photovoltaic cell and a thermal engine. We determined the limiting efficiencies of this hybrid strategy and the corresponding optimum spectral bandwidth directed to the photovoltaic cell. This optimum width is inversely proportional to the thermal engine efficiency and scales with the bandgap of the photovoltaic cell. This bandwidth was also obtained analytically through an entropy minimization scheme and matches well with our model. We show that the maximum efficiency of the system occurs when it minimizes the spectral entropy generation. This concept can be extended to capture genera...
Ahmed Zewail: A force for Egyptian science.

Undoubtedly, Dr. Ahmed Zewail, who passed away on August 2, 2016, had a strong, positive impact on science in the Middle East and in the West. I knew Zewail as one of his mentors and close friends. Zewail wanted to come from Egypt (Alexandria University) to get his PhD in my group at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Unfortunately, I was away on sabbatical and thus did not see his letter of interest, and my secretary answered him, advising him to apply for admission to get his PhD at UCLA first and then to come talk to me when I returned from overseas. He came to the United States and received his PhD working with the late Professor Robin Hochstrasser at the University of Pennsylvania and was doing research in chemical physics, which was very close to my own research at that time. Ahmed Zewail. Courtesy of the Archives, California Institute of Technology. We became very close friends, and he always used me as a sounding board during the successful rise of his academic career. He was very bright, highly motivated, and very hard-working, and he had an excellent sense of humor. Because Hochstrasser and I overlapped greatly in our scientific research interests for a long period, it was natural that Zewail and I frequently … [↵][1]1Email: melsayed{at}gatech.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Seeking Peace, Seeking Justice: Place-based Pedagogies and Global Connections

This chapter focuses on the intentions and outcomes of a May 2015 peace and social justice student travel experience to Japan titled “Seeking Peace: Embodying Peace and Justice in Postwar Japan” and a May 2016 travel experience called “Civil Rights and Social Justice in the U.S. South.” From this foundation, we discuss the pedagogical challenges, impact, and value of co-curricular experiential learning for students interested (or not yet interested) in religions, collective memory, memorialization efforts, social conflict, and peace using this particular trip as a case study for wider reflections on teaching and place.
Advances in basic and clinical immunology in 2009

In 2009, reports on basic and clinical immunology had an increased focus on human disease mechanisms and management. The molecular pathogenesis of familial angioedema associated with estrogen was further explored to find possible factors affecting severity, including polymorphisms in enzymes and receptors related to bradykinin pathways. A placebo-controlled clinical trial of C1 esterase inhibitor concentrate in patients with hereditary angioedema demonstrated the safety of its use and its efficacy to reduce the duration of angioedema attacks. The interaction of innate immunity and adaptive responses was further examined in several reports, establishing the significant role of Toll-like receptor stimulation for the development of optimal specific antibody responses. The 2009 update of the classification of primary immunodeficiencies introduced more than 15 new genetic defects related to the immune response, including of dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) mutations, which are responsible for the autosomal recessive form of the hyper-IgE syndrome. Other reports expanded the clinical spectrum of disease and improved the characterization of conditions such as warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, and myelokathexis syndrome or the occurrence of mucormycosis and Serratia species infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. The frequent presentation of gastrointestinal disorders in patients with humoral immunodeficiencies was recognized, and recommendations for management were reviewed. Clinical research focused on severe combined immunodeficiency included the development and implementation of a state-wide newborn screening program for this condition, a desired goal considering the significant reduction of mortality rate when the diagnosis is made early before opportunistic infections occur.
Chapter 127 – Ataxia

The approach to the child with ataxia requires a detailed history and careful general and neurological examination as well as selected blood work and brain imaging and increasingly available genetic testing for inherited ataxias that usually have an episodic or progressive presentation. The differential of acute and recurring ataxia covered in this chapter includes intoxication (e.g., antiepileptics, lead, alcohol), postinfectious cerebellitis, hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, tumor (posterior fossa or cerebellum), brainstem encephalitis, occult neuroblastoma, Miller Fisher syndrome, conversion reaction, multiple sclerosis, epileptic pseudoataxia, vasculitis (e.g., Kawasaki), metabolic etiologies (e.g., maple syrup urine disease, pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, biotinidase deficiency, Hartnup disease, and argininosuccinic aciduria), migraine, migraine equivalents (benign paroxysmal positional vertigo), autosomal dominant episodic ataxias (with seven types currently identified), and hypothyroidism. Cooperation with therapists and providers from other specialties including ophthalmology and genetics and metabolism is essential to caring for these children and their families.
Bimodal porous carbon electrodes derived from polyfurfuryl alcohol/phloroglucinol for ionic liquid based electrical double layer capacitors

A hierarchical porous carbon with bimodal pore size distribution was synthesized using pyrolysis and controlled activation of polymer gel derived from furfuryl alcohol and phloroglucinol using a soft templating approach. Symmetric capacitors made using the synthesized carbon electrodes in neat 1-butyl 3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate showed a specific capacitance of 141 F/g at 1 A/g when cycled between 0 and 3.8 V at room temperature. The capacitor also showed 90% capacitance retention over 5000 cycles. Equivalent circuit modeling of impedance spectra was done to monitor changes and provide microstructural details during cycling and temperature studies. Cyclic voltammetry showed the presence of specific adsorption of the electrolyte ions on the carbon electrode and this was in good agreement with strong dependence of specific capacitance on temperature. Such strong interaction along with the nature of electrical double layer formed in the hierarchical porous carbon results in widening the voltage stability window of the capacitor.
TTT: A Fast Heuristic to New Theories?

Gigerenzer and coauthors have described a remarkably fast and direct way of generating new theories that they term the tools-to-theories heuristic. Call it the TTT heuristic or simply TTT. TTT links established methods to new theories in an intimate way that challenges the traditional distinction of context of discovery and context of justification. It makes heavy use of rhetorical tropes such as metaphor. This chapter places the TTT heuristic in additional historical, philosophical, and scientific contexts, especially informational biology and digital physics, and further explores its strengths and weaknesses in relation to human limitations and scientific realism.
Trends in Imaging Findings, Interventions, and Outcomes Among Children With Isolated Head Trauma.

Objective The aim was to analyze the impact of decreased head computed tomography (CT) imaging on detection of abnormalities and outcomes for children with isolated head trauma. Methods The study involves a multicenter retrospective cohort of patients younger than 19 years presenting for isolated head trauma to emergency departments in the Pediatric Health Information System database from 2003 to 2015. Patients directly admitted or transferred to another facility and those with a discharge diagnosis code for child maltreatment were excluded. Outcomes were ascertained from administrative and billing data. Trends were tested using mixed effects logistic regression, accounting for clustering within hospitals and adjusted for age, sex, insurance type, race, presence of a complex chronic condition, and hospital-level case mix index. Results Between 2003 and 2015, 306,041 children presented for isolated head trauma. The proportion of children receiving head CT imaging was increasing until 2008, peaking at just under 40%, before declining to 25% by 2015. During the recent period of decreased head CT imaging, the detection of skull fractures (odds ratio [OR]/year, 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95-0.97) and intracranial bleeds (OR/year, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.97), hospitalization (OR/year, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.95-0.96), neurosurgery (OR/year, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87-0.95), and revisit (OR/year, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96-1.00) also decreased, without significant changes in mortality (OR/year, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.84-1.04) or persistent neurologic impairment (OR/year, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.92-1.15). Conclusions The recent decline in CT scanning in children with isolated head trauma was associated with a reduction in detection of intracranial abnormalities, and a concomitant decrease in interventions, without measurable patient harm.
String Theory At Very High Energies

In this first talk I will give a abbreviated history of string theory and discuss the present state of affairs. There have been three stages of development in string theory, which more or less correspond to the three main achievements of the theory to date. These are: 1) string theory itself, 2) gravity, and 3) the possible connection to the real world. The first achievement of string theory is the theory itself, the existence of a consistent generalization of field theory or point particle theory to one dimensional extended objects-strings. String theory began as the dual resonance model in 1968, although until the early 70’s one had no idea that one was quantizing strings. It began for rather obscure reasons, which are interesting by now only to historians, having to do with the strong interactions. Eventually people realized that what they were discussing was the relativistic quantization of an extended object or string. The construction of such a generalization from point particle physics to string physics is already a remarkable achievement. There have been very few such achievements in the history of physics. They can easily be enumerated: the transition from particle dynamics to field theory, the jump from Newtonian gravity to general relativity, and the passage from classical to to quantum mechanics. The reason that there are so very few generalizations of the framework of physics which are logically consistent, which agree with previous theories in the appropriate approximation and which are correct is that it is not an easy thing to do. String theory appears to be such a generalization and there are no other contending generalizations at the present time. This is already a minor miracle, that happens rarely in physics, and must be taken seriously and studied.
Clinical Examination of the Pelvis

The essential purpose of clinical examination is to divide pelves into two large groups, the clinically “adequate” and the “inadequate or suspect” forms. The former or “adequate” group includes large examples of the pure and mixed morphologic types which should be considered clinically as “normal” pelves. The “inadequate or suspect” pelvis indicates the presence of deviation from the normal in one or both pelvic segments. It is necessary for record purposes to describe what is meant by a clinically “adequate” or “inadequate” pelvis by the use of a suitable terminology. The following outline has been arranged to serve this purpose. This outline is too comprehensive for use in hospital charts. A condensed form should retain the descriptive terms which are used to describe pelvic morphology for the roentgenologic report.
Electrical oscillation generation with current-induced resistivity switching in VO2 micro-channel devices

We report large amplitude modulation waveforms as large as ~ 10 V using vanadium dioxide micro-channel devices operating under current-controlled conditions. The self-sustained electrical oscillati...
Urban Greening: A Case Study to Determine the Efficacy of Using Low Maintenance Planters as a Means of Growing Plants in Chicago Urban Settings

This paper describes an experiment designed to test a planter system that can be used by urban residents in greening rooftops, balconies and patios. Design emphasis was on inexpensive planter construction, low seasonal maintenance requirements, and ease of replacement of plant material. Additionally, four plant species were tested for survival over one year within the core area of Chicago. The planters recycled natural rainfall, requiring no additional watering after setup through the growing season. Plant growth and mortality over the summer varied, as did over winter survival. Plant survival rates through the end of the growing season in the planter systems were 83% for Rhus copallina, 100% for Juniperus horizontalis, 78% for Sedum spectabile, and 89% for Schyzachyrium scoparium. All species lived through the winter season in the system planters. R. copallina had the highest mortality rate with 80% of plants alive at the end of the growing season not surviving the winter. The control site with plants di...
Outdoor Field Performance from Bifacial Photovoltaic Modules and Systems

Bifacial PV modules and systems deliver more energy than equivalent monofacial modules in the same orientation. However, bifacial performance models are not yet mature enough to predict bifacial gains for all system configurations. Field performance data is needed at a variety of different spatial scales in order to improve and validate these models. This paper reports on a number of bifacial field installations intended for this purpose.
Review: From the Desert to the City: The Journey of Late Ancient Textiles and From the Desert to the City: The Journey of Late Ancient Textiles. Selections from the Rose Choron textile collection with related objects, edited by Warren Woodfin

“From the Desert to the City: The Journey of Late Ancient Textiles,” Godwin-Ternbach Museum, Queens College, Flushing, New York (September 13, 2018–January 17, 2019) [http://gtmuseum.org/?page_id=128]. Warren Woodfin, ed., From the Desert to the City: The Journey of Late Ancient Textiles. Selections from the Rose Choron textile collection with related objects . New York: Godwin-Ternbach Museum, Queens College, CUNY, 2018. ISBN: 978-0-9832641-8-7. 93 pages, 92 color and 2 black-and-white illustrations, $40.00. “From the Desert to the City: The Journey of Late Ancient Textiles” celebrates the recent donation of 85 late antique Egyptian textile fragments to the Godwin-Ternbach Museum at Queens College, CUNY.1 Curated by Warren Woodfin (Associate Professor, Art Department, Queens College), Elizabeth Hoy, and Brita Helgesen (Co-Directors of the Godwin-Ternbach), the exhibition and accompanying catalog integrate these newly acquired objects with ancient, late antique, and modern works from the Godwin-Ternbach permanent collection as well as with loans from the Brooklyn Museum, Metropolitan Opera Archives, and several private collectors. In addition, large-scale paintings and fiber works by two contemporary New York artists are interspersed throughout the show. The result is an exciting, dynamic presentation that effectively positions late antique Egyptian textiles in their original social and functional contexts while animating these ancient objects through a rich consideration of their afterlives in the modern and contemporary eras.2 All the late antique textiles on display were woven from linen and wool—not the more luxurious material of silk—and thus they attest to the kinds of everyday fiber objects that dressed the bodies and homes of average people. These commonplace things represent a class of artifact found in institutional collections throughout Europe and North America. Despite their ordinary character, they show an impressive array of vibrantly colored, engaging motifs, from pagan mythological figures (Fig. 1) to patterns of plants and animals (Fig. 2) to busts of women, who might represent personifications of wealth and good fortune or portraits of actual people whose identities have been lost to the passage of time (Fig. 3). A small number of textiles show Christian iconography, including crosses and holy figures (Fig. 4). Together they offer compelling evidence for the visual and material environment of daily life in late antique Egypt. FIG. 1. Black roundel with a riding nereid, Egypt, …
Vocal Fold "Paralysis": An Early Sign in Multiple System Atrophy

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a cerebellar syndrome, autonomic dysfunction, and extrapyramidal signs. Extrapyramidal signs may manifest as parkinsonism as well as dystonia, which is the involuntary contraction of a muscle(s) resulting in an abnormal posture. MSA belongs to a family of diseases known as α-synucleinopathies which are associated with dream enactment reflecting REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). In patients with MSA, dystonia or paresis may involve the laryngeal muscles resulting in vocal fold hypomobility. We identified four individuals presenting with vocal complaints and subsequently diagnosed with vocal fold "paralysis." Within one year, each patient developed neurologic symptoms and upon evaluation by a movement disorders specialist was diagnosed with probable MSA. Our findings highlight the importance of screening by otolaryngologists when patients are diagnosed with vocal fold hypomobility. Specifically, patients should be assessed for RBD by questioning others if he/she acts out their dreams. The presence of RBD raises clinical suspicion for a synucleinopathy such as MSA. Untreated patients with MSA experiencing nocturnal stridor and breathing disorders have an increased risk for sudden death. Therefore, early evaluation by a movement disorders specialist to promptly diagnose MSA may have a substantial effect on morbidity and mortality in this high-risk patient population.