cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison between Tornadic and Nontornadic Mesocyclones Using the Vorticity (Pseudovorticity) Line Technique

Abstract Comparisons between tornadic and nontornadic mesocyclones using the concept of fractal geometry are presented. Both the maximum vertical vorticity (ζmax) and pseudovorticity (ζpv) associated with a mesocyclone at low levels are found to be scaling with the horizontal grid spacing (e) according to a power-law relationship. The linear least square best fitting of ln (ζmax) or ln (ζpv) versus ln (e) for different scales can be obtained for each mesocyclone at a certain time, and it is named the vorticity (pseudovorticity) line of a mesocyclone. Different mesocyclones have different vorticity (pseudovorticity) line slopes that are closely related to the fractal dimension of vorticity (pseudovorticity) of a mesocyclone as a possible fractal structure. Various factors that may affect the accurate estimate of the vorticity (pseudovorticity) line of a mesocyclone are also discussed in detail. Differences between tornadic and nontornadic mesocyclones are found in terms of the slope of vorticity (pseudovor...
Evolutionary programming based multi-objective optimization for a heterogeneous system

In this paper we present a multi-objective optimization approach to optimize a heterogeneous system such as a ship board cooling system. Genetic Algorithm and Evolutionary Programming were used in combination to design the optimization algorithm. The developed multi-objective optimization approach was first implemented and tested on an electrical power system. For this system, voltage stability and power loss minimization were considered as competing objectives. The algorithm was verified using IEEE 57 bus system. The algorithm was then applied to a simulated small scale cooling system model onboard a ship system. This cooling system is a heterogeneous system consisting of fluid system, electrical system, and thermal system. For this heterogeneous system, water volume, cooling time, power usage, total distance traveled by water and number of switching operations were considered as the competing objectives.
Prospective surveillance for antibiotic-resistant organisms in patients with spinal cord injury admitted to an acute rehabilitation unit

Abstract Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of antibiotic-resistant organisms among patients with spinal cord injury admitted to an acute rehabilitation unit for the first time. Methods: After informed consent, 63 patients with spinal cord injury admitted to an acute rehabilitation unit between January 1997 and July 1998 had surveillance cultures (nares, urine, wounds or ulcers, and perineum) done on admission and every 2 weeks thereafter until discharge or as long as 6 weeks after admission. Results: Of the 4 surveillance sites, perineal cultures most commonly grew one or more potential pathogens; however, antibiotic-resistant organisms were most often isolated from wounds or ulcers and least often in urine cultures. Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-sensitive plus methicillin-resistant) and enterococci represented 44% of all organisms isolated in surveillance cultures. Methicillin-resistant S aureus was the most common resistant organism isolated. Less than 30% of the gram-negative bacilli isolated were considered antibiotic-resistant strains. Nosocomial infection as a result of any resistant organism was infrequent. After adjusting for various confounding factors in a logistic regression model, only the presence of a pressure ulcer predicted carriage of any resistant organism on admission to the rehabilitation unit. Acquisition of a resistant organism after admission to the unit at one or more surveillance sites occurred in 8 (22%) of 36 patients not colonized on admission. Conclusions: Methicillin-resistant S aureus was the most common resistant organism colonizing patients with spinal cord injury at the time of admission to an acute rehabilitation unit and throughout their stay. However, acquisition of any resistant organism after admission was uncommon on this unit, which used Standard Precautions in the routine care of patients. These findings have implications for the type of isolation procedures on acute rehabilitation units. The low rate of acquisition and infection with MRSA after admission argues against attempts at eradication as a method of control. (AJIC Am J Infect Control 2000;28:291-7)
Modular Mobile Docking Station Design

Large scale robotic teams are capable of working independently or cooperatively to carry out a variety of missions. However, for large teams of robots to function for extended periods of time, the individual members of a team must be able to generate or find energy to re-supply themselves. One approach to providing power for a robotic team is to couple larger systems with significant energy reserves so that the smaller systems can be recharged directly from the larger. This paper presents an implementation of such an approach. Here, a modular docking station is given locomotion through the cooperation of two larger robots. The docking station is capable of transporting, deploying, retrieving, and recharging many smaller robots. The kinematic model which will govern the cooperation of the maneuvering robots and will be used to develop control is presented and discussed. The design of the individual bays of the docking station and how they facilitate the deployment, recovery, and recharge of the smaller robots is also presented. The development of this system makes possible a number of applications, including autonomous long-term environmental monitoring and reconnaissance in various locations.
The Relations among Causality Orientations, Academic Experience, Academic Performance, and Academic Commitment

The relations among causality orientations (autonomy and control), experience while studying, academic commitment, and academic performance were investigated. The role of gender in moderating such relations was examined. Participants were 161 (70 male, 91 female) talented high school students who completed the General Causality Orientations Scale (GCOS) and filled out the Experience Sampling Forms (ESF) for 1 week. Results showed that autonomy orientation was positively related to academic experience for all students. Control orientation was negatively related to academic experience among females. After controlling for aptitude, control orientation had a negative relation with academic performance and commitment.
Immediate aneurysm rupture after pipeline embolization: a new complication of flow diversion.

The pipeline embolization device (PED; ev3, Plymouth, Minesota, USA) has demonstrated clinical success in the treatment f complex intracranial aneurysms. Although it has maintained favorable safety profile, PED usage has been associated with hromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications occurring both eriprocedurally and in a delayed fashion [1–7].Wepresent a novel ase of immediate aneurysmal rupture following uncomplicated ipeline embolization, a theoretical complication not yet reported n the literature.
Large deviations for random walks in a random environment on a strip

We consider a random walk in a random environment (RWRE) on the strip of nite width Z f 1;2;:::;dg. We prove both quenched and averaged large deviation principles for the position and the hitting times of the RWRE. Moreover, we prove a variational formula that relates the quenched and averaged rate functions, thus extending a result of Comets, Gantert, and Zeitouni for nearest- neighbor RWRE on Z
Pathogen inactivation – defining ‘adequate’ bacterial protection

Background and Objectives Clinical acceptance of pathogen inactivation technologies depends on the demonstration of product safety, a minimal effect on product efficacy and the range and degree of pathogen inactivation. The major rationale for pathogen inactivation of platelets is the prevention of transfusion-associated bacterial sepsis, a persistent problem despite multiple innovations to minimize and detect contamination. Materials and Methods Recent reports and an empirical model are used to describe our current understanding of the efficacy of pathogen inactivation in improving platelet transfusion safety. Results Optimized in vitro testing evaluated the efficacy of riboflavin/UV light (Mirasol™), amotosalen/UVA (Intercept™) and UVC irradiation (THERAFLEX™ UV platelets) systems to effect a 102- >106 fold reduction of a variety of bacterial species. All systems are less effective at inactivating bacterial spores. Reviewing reports on the level of pathogen inactivation at very low and high bacterial concentrations identifies areas for further scrutiny. Conclusions Clinical trials of pathogen inactivated platelets have focused on safety and clinical efficacy in terms of count increments and the prevention and treatment of bleeding. Little attention has been paid to efficacy in reducing the risk of bacterial transmission. Pathogen inactivation is expected to significantly reduce transfusion of contaminated platelet units, especially ones that are the result of low initial bacterial titres that are a systemic issue with the current testing methodology. Nevertheless, available data suggest that breakthrough cases of sepsis are likely and that their rates will vary substantially by technology.
Bruce Psaty and the risks of calcium channel blockers

On a fine March day in 1995 Dr Bruce Psaty ascended the podium to present a scientific paper as he had many times before. At a hotel in San Antonio he was speaking before the Epidemiology and Prevention Council of the American Heart Association, a small meeting of academic researchers. Psaty and his colleagues had been studying complications associated with drugs for treating hypertension. The paper seemed innocuous. “It was merely an observational study, so it was unlikely to be seen as important or controversial”, he says. But a hostile question and answer session presaged a relentless attack from drug manufacturers. And the apparent controversy piqued the interest of journalists attending the meeting. Psaty had found that a class of relatively new and expensive drugs—calcium channel blockers—was associated with a higher risk of myocardial infarction than older less expensive drugs.1 This was especially true for short acting calcium channel drugs. As soon as he returned home to Seattle Psaty found himself at the center of a maelstrom. Press reports had already appeared, doctors and patients were alarmed, and drug makers were surly. Psaty's office was inundated with telephone calls and faxes, requiring him to divert staff from research to public relations. The press reports were generally accurate but lacked the caveats and context needed for a clear perspective on the findings. They offered little help for patients who were taking the drugs and wondered what to do. In his interviews Psaty consistently recommended that patients see their own doctors rather than stop taking current medications. He recommended that physicians follow the current guidelines from the Joint National Committee on the Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, which recommended the older cheaper diuretics and beta blockers, unless contraindicated or poorly tolerated.2 Furthermore, Psaty was already under attack …
New Frontiers in Collaborative Collection Management

The authors provide a brief background of collaborative collection development efforts in libraries and describe ongoing, innovative projects to leverage the strength of collaboration across the VALE statewide academic library network in New Jersey to explore new methods of collection assessment, serials management, ebook collections development, and the pursuit of a shared virtual catalog.
Phased array coils for high resolution prostate MR imaging

MR imaging of the prostate can be greatly improved by using a phased array that combines the signals from individual receiver coils to form a composite image. Endourethral coils and a dual-coil endorectal probe were constructed and combined with a surface coil in a phased array system. Various phased array configurations were tested with in vivo canine experiments, which resulted in high-resolution images that clearly showed the anatomy of the prostate and surrounding structures such as the neurovascular bundles. The endourethral coils were useful in imaging the anterior portion of the prostate, while the endorectal coils provided high SNR in the posterior region of the prostate.
Price-based user-optimal job allocation scheme for grid systems

In this paper, we propose a price-based user-optimal job allocation scheme for grid systems whose nodes are connected by a communication network. The job allocation problem is formulated as a noncooperative game among the users who try to minimize the expected cost of their own jobs. We use the concept of Nash equilibrium as the solution of our noncooperative game and derive a distributed algorithm for computing it. The prices that the grid users has to pay for using the computing resources owned by different resource owners are obtained using a pricing model based on a game theory framework. Finally, our scheme is compared with a system-optimal job allocation scheme under simulations with various system loads and configurations and conclusions are drawn.
Biomarkers in heart failure

Cardiovascular disease has emerged as one of the most prominent causes of morbidity and mortality among adult populations. As medical advances have enabled more patients to survive post-myocardial insult, the prevalence of congestive heart failure (CHF) has exploded. It is now estimated that 5 million people in the USA live with CHF, and that approximately 550 000 new cases are diagnosed each year.1 Hospitalisations for heart failure have increased dramatically from 402 000 in 1979 to 1 101 000 in 2004 (National Hospital Discharge Survey), and the cost of CHF is now estimated at US$56 billion a year, 70% of which is due to hospitalisation.1 Among a variety of proposed heart failure treatment modalities, cardiac biomarkers have emerged as powerful adjuncts to standardised clinical care in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of acute heart failure (AHF). B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is first synthesised in the myocytes as a 132 amino acid intracellular precursor known as preproBNP. During decompensation, volume overload and high pulmonary capillary wedge pressure cause the ventricle walls to stretch, triggering the cleavage and release of preproBNP as the biologically active 32 amino acid hormone BNP and its inactive N-terminal fragment (NT-proBNP). Once released, BNP has pronounced natriuretic, diuretic, and vasodilating properties, working to dramatically reduce volume overload and hypertension in patients. BNP is then believed to be removed quickly from circulation (half-life of 22 min) by both NP receptor endocytosis and endopeptidase enzymatic degradation.2 In contrast, NT-proBNP is suspected to be cleared from the plasma largely by renal excretion, and thus has slower fluctuations in circulating concentrations as well as a notably longer half-life of 60–120 min.2 In general, BNP and NT-proBNP values are reasonably correlated, and either can be used in patient care settings as long as their respective absolute values and cut points are not used interchangeably. In …
Multichannel Fiber-Optic Spectral-Streak Equalizer

Spectral-streak equalization is a technique that has been developed to compensate for the material dispersion in optical fibers when used in conjunction with an electronic streak camera. Material dispersion occurs because different wavelengths of light travel at different speeds through glass fibers; the resulting difference in transit time broadens light pulses, and can lead to errors in high bandwidth photonic measurements. An instrument designed to compensate for this effect has been in use for the past several years in systems used to evaluate underground nuclear tests. A new instrument has been developed that has the following advantages: it can equalize several channels with one set of optics; it uses considerably less space; it has better resolution and greater efficiency, and it is more cost effective. This paper reviews the basic principles, describes the equalizers currently in use, discusses the design considerations of the new equalizer, describes a prototype four channel instrument, details efficiency estimates, outlines calibration procedures, and gives test results.
Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Stroke: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Introduction Stroke is a major public health concern worldwide given the associated morbidity and mortality. Smoking is a risk factor for stroke, but the relationship between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and stroke has been inconsistent to date. The aim of the current study was to examine the association of SHS exposure and risk of stroke and its subtypes (ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke) among nonsmokers. Methods Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared by SHS exposure status for African American and white nonsmokers aged ≥45 years in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study in 2014. Hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% CIs were calculated by Cox proportional hazards models to assess the relationship between SHS exposure and stroke risk. Results Of the 21,743 participants (38% African American, 45% male), SHS exposure in the past year was reported by 23%. Compared with those without SHS exposure, exposed participants were more likely to be female, white, younger, and reside with a smoker (all p Conclusions SHS exposure is independently associated with an increased risk of stroke. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings and examine the role of long-term effects of SHS exposure on stroke outcomes.
Embedded Two-Phase Cooling of Large 3D Compatible Chips With Radial Channels

Thermal performance for embedded two phase cooling using dielectric coolant (R1234ze) is evaluated on a ∼20 mm × 20 mm large die. The test vehicles incorporate radial expanding channels with embedded pin fields suitable for through-silicon-via (TSV) interconnects of multi-die stacks. Power generating features mimicking those anticipated in future generations of processor chips with 8 cores are included. Initial results show that for the types of power maps anticipated, critical heat fluxes in “core” areas of at least 350 W/cm2 with at least 20 W/cm2 “background” heating in rest of the chip area can be achieved with less than 30 °C temperature rise over the inlet coolant temperature. These heat fluxes are significantly higher than those seen for relatively long parallel channel devices of similar base channel dimensions. Experimental results of flow rate, pressure drop, “device,” and coolant temperature are also provided for these test vehicles along with details of the test facility developed to properly characterize the test vehicles.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Schedulability Analysis under Graph Routing in WirelessHART Networks

Wireless sensor-actuator networks are gaining ground as the communication infrastructure for process monitoring and control. Industrial applications demand a high degree of reliability and real-time guarantees in communication. Because wireless communication is susceptible to transmission failures in industrial environments, industrial wireless standards such as WirelessHART adopt reliable graph routing to handle transmission failures through retransmissions and route diversity. While these mechanisms are critical for reliable communication, they introduce substantial challenges in analyzing the schedulability of real-time flows. This paper presents the first worst-case end-to-end delay analysis for periodic real-time flows under reliable graph routing. The proposed analysis can be used to quickly assess the schedulability of real-time flows with stringent requirements on both reliability and latency. We have evaluated our schedulability analysis against experimental results on a wireless testbed of 69 nodes as well as simulations. Both experimental results and simulations show that our delay bounds are safe and enable effective schedulability tests under reliable graph routing.
Polymer Microflow Cytofluorometer

This paper reports a microflow cytometer fabricated in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in which a 3D hydrodynamic flow focusing is employed in order to align the particles in a single line along the focused stream. By exploiting an innovative and simple technique to realize a 3D hydrodynamic focusing effect, a tunable and circular-shaped focused stream has been obtained. The device has been fabricated by direct micromilling of two parts of PMMA that were finally bonded together. Flow cytometry measurements have been performed by using 10 μm-sized fluorescent particles. From the analysis of the fluorescence signals collected at each transit event, we can confirm that the device is capable of creating a single-file particle stream.
A Practical Guide to Conjoint Analysis

This note provides an overview of conjoint analysis. It shows how to interpret standard conjoint-analysis output and the uses of that output. It provides several examples of how output can be converted to managerially useful information.
Ultrafast spectroscopic study of donor-acceptor benzodithiophene light harvesting organic conjugated polymers

New light harvesting organic conjugated polymers containing 4,8-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)benzo[1,2-b;3,4-b′]dithiophene(BDT) donor groups and thiophene with various electron-withdrawing acceptor groups were investigated. Also investigated was poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]] (PTB7), which is one of the most efficient photovoltaic conjugated polymers. In this study, the steady state absorption, steady state emission, ultrafast fluorescent decay dynamics, and nonlinear optical properties of these light harvesting conjugated polymers were probed in solution. All of the conjugated polymers investigated have significant absorption over much of the visible spectrum due to small band gaps due to low lying LUMO energies created by the electron-withdrawing groups. Fluorescence upconversion studies on the conjugated polymers showed short decay dynamics for conjugated polymers with strong electron-withdrawing groups. T...
Nb 3 Sn RRP Strand and Rutherford Cable Development for a 15 T Dipole Demonstrator

Keystoned Rutherford cables made of 28 strands and with a stainless steel core were developed and manufactured using 1-mm $\text{Nb}_{3}\text{Sn}$ composite wires produced by Oxford Superconducting Technology with 127 and 169 restacks using the Restacked-Rod-Process. The performance and properties of these cables were studied to evaluate possible candidates for 15-T accelerator magnets.
Analysis of the dengue outbreaks occurred in a village

Objective The study aimed to assess the outbreaks and epidemiological characteristics of dengue occurred in M village,so to provide a scientific reference for the development of prevention strategies and measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiology method was used for statistic analysis on data of dengue outbreaks in M village. Results A total of 29 cases were confirmed, with the attack rate of 1.74%. 86.21% of cases occurred in early to mid of September, and the median of onset age was 49. The ratio of attack rate between male and female was 0.64:1, the difference was not statistically significant(P0.05). 86.21% of all cases were farmers.Conclusion Because of the convenience of modern means of transport and frequent flow of personnel, dengue may spread over a long distance.
THE INCIDENCE AND HIGH RISK RACTORS ANALYSIS OF RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY

Objective To observe the present incidence of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) of premature infants who admitted to the department of neonatology of the Children's Hospital of Hebei Province,and to analyze the possible risk factors associated with the development of ROP.Methods The clinic data of the 143 infants with birth weight(BW)≤2 500 g and gestational age(GA)≤35 weeks were analyzed retrospectively.All these infants were admitted to the department of neonatology of the Children's Hospital of Hebei Province and screened for ROP in our centre from November 2006 to October 2007.The fundus examination was done according to the guidelines for ROP screening instituted by Health Department of China.Results The overall incidence of ROP was 32.2%.Shorter gestational age and lower birth weight may result in higher ROP incidence.After the single factor analysis for 34 possible risk factors involved in the development of ROP,it was found that 12 risk factors,including GA,BW,duration of being in hospital,mechanical ventilation(MV) and its duration(DMV),duration of oxygen therapy(DOT),the maximum concentration of oxygen therapy,respiratory distress syndrome(RDS),surfactant usage,blood transfusion,the maximum bilirubin level measured via skin,hypothermia and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) were correlated with the development of ROP.Then the multiple logistic stepwise regression analysis was done,and found that of the 12 risk factors,only GA,MV,DMV,duration of being in the hospital and PIH were main risk factors for development of ROP.Conclusion Now it is more important to screen the premature infants with risk factors,and this may contribute to early detection and treatment of ROP in order to prevent blindness.
From Sugars to Wheels: The Conversion of Ethanol to 1,3-Butadiene over Metal-Promoted Magnesia-Silicate Catalysts.

1,3-Butadiene (1,3-BD) is a high-value chemical intermediate used mainly as a monomer for the production of synthetic rubbers. The ability to source 1,3-BD from biomass is of considerable current interest because it offers the potential to reduce the life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) impact associated with 1,3-BD production from petroleum-derived naphtha. Herein, we report the development and investigation of a new catalyst and process for the one-step conversion of ethanol to 1,3-BD. The catalyst is prepared by the incipient impregnation of magnesium oxide onto a silica support followed by the deposition of Au nanoparticles by deposition-precipitation. The resulting Au/MgO-SiO2 catalyst exhibits a high activity and selectivity to 1,3-BD and low selectivities to diethyl ether, ethylene, and butenes. Detailed characterization of the catalyst shows that the desirable activity and selectivity of Au/MgO-SiO2 are a consequence of a critical balance between the acidic-basic sites associated with a magnesium silicate hydrate phase and the redox properties of the Au nanoparticles. A process for the conversion of ethanol to 1,3-BD, which uses our catalyst, is proposed and analyzed to determine the life-cycle GHG impact of the production of this product from biomass-derived ethanol. We show that 1,3-BD produced by our process can reduce GHG emissions by as much as 155 % relative to the conventional petroleum-based production of 1,3-BD.
Tube feeding in the elderly. The technique, complications, and outcome.

PREVIEWThe aging of the US population has meant that more people than ever have physical limitations or dementia that curtails their ability to eat independently. As a result, tube feeding is increasingly used to deliver nutrition. In this article, the authors review the indications, clinical aspects, and possible complications of tube feeding. Long-term outcome and ethical aspects also are discussed.
J Wave Syndrome-Susceptibility Mutations Versus Benign Rare Variants: How Do We Decide?

Over the past 20 years, the genetic underpinnings of J Wave Syndrome have expanded from the sentinel gene, SCN5A, to over 20 disease-susceptibility genes. Counter to the expansion of our understanding of the potential genetic basis underlying this disorder, our ability to confidently interpret the clinical significance of variants in these disease-susceptibility genes is desperately wanting. This is largely due to the drastic underestimation of the level of genetic variation in these genes as recently identified by large sequencing projects utilizing next generation sequencing technology. This “background rate” of benign genetic variation has led to an interpretive dilemma for the physician: How do we decide whether my patient’s variant is his/her pathogenic mutation or just a benign, rare one? Throughout this chapter, we walk through the current lines of evidence that can be utilized to further enhance the interpretation of rare variants in the J Wave Syndrome disease-susceptibility genes.
Omega-3 fatty acids (ῳ-3 fatty acids) in epilepsy: animal models and human clinical trials

ABSTRACTIntroduction: There is growing interest in alternative and nutritional therapies for drug resistant epilepsy. ῳ-3 fatty acids such as fish or krill oil are widely available supplements used to lower triglycerides and enhance cardiovascular health. ῳ-3 fatty acids have been studied extensively in animal models of epilepsy. Yet, evidence from randomized controlled clinical trials in epilepsy is at an early stage.Areas covered: This report focuses on the key ῳ-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA, their incorporation into the lipid bilayer, modulation of ion channels, and mechanisms of action in reducing excitability within the central nervous system. This paper presents pre-clinical evidence from mouse, rat, and canine models, and reports the efficacy of n-3 fatty acids in randomized controlled clinical trials. An English language search of PubMed and Google scholar for the years 1981–2016 was performed for animal studies and human randomized controlled clinical trials.Expert commentary: Basic science and anim...
Risk stratification model to detect early pulmonary disease in infants with cystic fibrosis diagnosed by newborn screening.

SummaryObjective The clinical benefit of newborn screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF) has been primarily nutritional, with less overt respiratory impact. Identification of risk factors for infant CF lung disease could facilitate targeted interventions to improve pulmonary outcomes. Methods This retrospective study evaluated socioeconomic information, clinical data, and results from routine infant pulmonary function testing (iPFT) of infants diagnosed with CF through NBS (N = 43) at a single CF center over a 4-year period (2008–2012). A five-item composite clinical score was developed and combined with socioeconomic indicators to facilitate identification of CF infants at increased risk of early-onset respiratory impairment. Results Paternal education was positively associated with lung function (P = 0.02). Clinical score <7 (on a scale of 0–10) predicted diminished pulmonary measure (P < 0.005). Retrospective risk stratification by clinical score and paternal education identified CF infants at low, intermediate, or high risk of pulmonary disease. Forced expiratory volume (FEV0.5%, mean ± SD) averaged 115 ± 19% in the low-risk group, 97 ± 17% in the intermediate-risk group, and 90 ± 8% in the high-risk group (P < 0.005). Results were similar for mid-expiratory flows (FEF25–75%). Multiple regression analysis confirmed the predictive value of this risk stratification model of CF infant pulmonary health. Conclusion We combined socioeconomic and clinical data to risk-stratify CF infants for early-onset lung disease as quantified by iPFT. Our model showed significant differences in infant pulmonary function across risk groups. The developed tool offers an easily available, inexpensive, and non-invasive way to assess risk of respiratory decline in CF infants and identify those meriting targeted therapeutic attention. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytochrome P450-Derived Eicosanoids are Mediators of Ocular Surface Inflammation

Injury to the corneal surface evokes an inflammatory reaction which includes the release of arachidonic acid (AA) and, subsequently, the production of eicosanoids which have been implicated as inflammatory mediators. These eicosanoids are produced by cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX), and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP). We have identified CYP as a primary inflammatory pathway in the corneal epithelium where it metabolizes AA to 12-hydroxyeicosanoids, primarily 12(R)-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid [12-(R)-HETE] and 12(R)- hydroxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid [12(R)-HETrE]; both metabolites exhibit biological activities that are typical of inflammatory mediators including increased membrane permeability, vasodilation, Chemotaxis and angiogenesis. Indeed, numerous studies provided evidence that these metabolites are critical tissue-derived mediators of ocular surface inflammation.
Therapeutic activity of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies targeting hepatoma-derived growth factor in cancer xenograft models

2517 Background: Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is a mitogen for endothelial cells, vessel smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, as well as some epithelial cells. It is overexpressed in a number of human cancers and its overexpression in tumors strongly correlates with tumor progression, recurrence, and metastasis. We recently showed that down-regulation of HDGF in lung cancer cells reduces tumorigenecity in both in vitro cell and in vivo animal models suggesting HDGF may be of a therapeutic target for cancer. Methods: Recombinant HDGF was used to develop a panel of monoclonal antibodies specifically bind to HDGF. Four antibodies were tested for their therapeutic activity in lung and pancreatic cancer xenograft models. The monoclonal antibodies were administered 250μg/animal (5 mice per group) every 3 days IP when the subcutaneous tumors reached approximately 50 mm3. Results: Two antibodies (C1 and H3) exhibited significant therapeutic activity in A549 lung cancer model whereas H3 also showed a therape...
Avascular Necrosis of Bone after Therapy for Multiple Myeloma: A Study of 561 Consecutive Patients.

Abstract Purpose: To assess the prevalence, time of onset, risk factors, and outcome of avascular necrosis (AVN) of bone in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing antineoplastic therapy. Patients And Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 561 myeloma patients (553 evaluable) enrolled in a treatment protocol consisting of dexamethasone-containing induction chemotherapy, autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), consolidation chemotherapy and maintenance with alfa-interferon. Patients were randomized at enrollment to receive thalidomide (269 pts) or no thalidomide (284 pts) throughout the study period. Results: At a median follow-up of 33 months (range, 5–114 months), AVN of the femoral head (s) developed in 49 of 553 patients (9%). Median time to onset of AVN was 12 months (range, 2–41 months). Three risk factors for AVN were identified by multivariate analysis: cumulative dexamethasone dose (p=0.0006; O.R. 1.028; 95% C.I. 1.012–1.044 per 40 mg dexamethasone), male gender (p=0.009; O.R. 0.390; 95% C.I. 0.192–0.790) and younger age (p=0.0122; 95% O.R. 0.961, C.I. 0.934–0991/year). AVN-related pain and limited range of motion of the affected joint were present in only 9 and 4 patients, respectively. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) failed to detect abnormal uptake in the AVN-affected bones. Thalidomide-treated patients had a prevalence of AVN similar to that of the control group (8 % vs.10%, respectively; p=0.58). Conclusion: AVN is a rare and usually asymptomatic complication in myeloma patients undergoing antineoplastic treatment with dexamethasone-containing regimens and ASCT. Cumulative dexamethasone dose, male gender and younger age, but not thalidomide, increase the risk of AVN. FDG-PET does not contribute to the diagnosis of this complication
The Alternative Breakpoint Region (ABR) of BCL6 Is An Active Transcribed Region in Germinal Center B Cells and May Serve as An Enhancer

Abstract Chromosomal translocations at 3q27 involving BCL6 occur in two different regions. Rearrangements with breaks within the major breakpoint region (MBR), comprising the first exon and part of the first intron of BCL6, are among the most common genetic abnormalities in of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, whereas breaks within an alternative breakpoint region (ABR), located between 245 and 285 kb 5′ to BCL6, have also been reported in follicular lymphoma grade and a small group (6.4%) of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). As a result of the MBR translocation, BCL6 expression is deregulated by promoter substitution with either immunoglobulin (Ig) genes or non-Ig genes as partners. A role for deregulated BCL6 expression in the pathogenesis of DLBCL has previously been confirmed in a mouse model. However, the biological role of the more distant ABR region is still not known. Using real-time PCR, we identified in the ABR region an evolutionarily conserved DNase I hypersensitive site (named Far5) which contains a conserved composite binding site for transcription factors PU.1 and IRF4, both of which play important roles in B-cell differentation. Further studies demonstrated that chromatin in the Far5 region, 190kb upstream of BCL6 promoter, has an open configuration in DHL6, Granta 519 and U266 cell lines. Far5 DNA showed enhancer activity by a luciferase reporter assay. PU.1 binds to Far5 in vivo (DHL16 cell line) by a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, and PU.1 binds in vitro to the conserved PU.1/IRF composite site in Far5 synergistically with either IRF4 or IRF8. ChIP-on-chip assays showed Far5 histone H3K4 monomethylation, a chromatin modification associated with gene enhancers and other regulatory elements. In addition, we identified a transcript upstream of the Far5 region that is specifically expressed in germinal center (GC) B cells, but not at other stages of B-cell differentation. These results indicated that Far5 may play a role in selective expression of intergenic transcripts in GC B-cells. In other genes, intergenic transcription plays a role in looping between distal regulatory regions and the promoter. Our data showed that ABR region is constitutively active in GC B-cells and may play an important role in increasing BCL6 transcription when naive B cells differentiate into GC B-cells. Further investigation of interactions between the ABR and the BCL6 promoter will uncover the regulatory function of the BCL6 ABR in B-cell differentiation and B-cell lymphomas.
Hijab and Muslim religious identity expression among Egyptian women in the Pacific Northwest

The purpose of this study was to examine the symbolic meaning of modest dress (referred to in a general sense as hijab) to Egyptian Muslim women living in America’s Pacific Northwest. In the diaspora, where Egyptian garments are not available, the women must mix headscarves with Western fashion, but it must be modest. Muslim women living in the USA need to integrate requirements for religious modesty when shopping for Western fashion which does not place a high value on modesty.
Formal analysis of pilot error with agent safety logic

In this paper, we show that modal logic is a valuable tool for the formal analysis of human errors in aviation safety. We develop a modal logic called agent safety logic (ASL), based on epistemic logic, doxastic logic, and a safety logic grounded in a flight safety manual. We identify a class of human error that has contributed to several aviation incidents involving a specific kind of pilot knowledge failure and formally analyze it. The use of ASL suggests how future avionics might increase aircraft safety.
Some Unanswered Questions in the Economics of Art

In reviewing the literature on the economics of the visual arts, I find several questions unanswered or, at least in my opinion, the answers given are unsatisfactory. First is the existential question of why is there art instead of no art. Second is the question of what is art. Is it a decoration, a commodity, an asset or an investment good? Is art a public good, the national patrimony? This is the question of why rational consumers appear to acquire more art when prices rise, even though it has been demonstrated that capital gains on art, in the long run, lag behind returns on alternative investments.
Gladys I. McCormick, The logic of compromise in Mexico: how the countryside was key to the emergence of authoritarianism

In contrast to his more famous and rebellious younger brother, Antonio Jaramillo never publicly criticized the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Even after state agents assassinated his brot...
Political Rivalry and Conflict in Putin’s Russia

AbstractThe year 2015 throughout Russia was much less about what it seemed than what it revealed. On the surface, after the September 2015 combined regional and local elections, Russia appeared to be tranquil, politically disengaged, and supportive of President Vladimir Putin. The underlying reality was quite different. The election exposed a country divided by rivalry and a conflict of interests within the Russian political establishment set off by Putin’s own policies over the preceding two years. Since the election, Putin and the Kremlin have been confronting the challenge of balancing and containing the competing interests of institutions, levels of government, and establishment stakeholders who are less easily reconciled or controlled.
Presidential power and democratization by elections in Africa

ABSTRACTDo elections in and of themselves provide mechanisms for democratization? The “democratization by elections” thesis has been challenged, yet scholars still differ over its substantive effec...
Mud-capped dredge pits: An experiment of opportunity for characterizing cohesive sediment transport and slope stability in the northern Gulf of Mexico

Abstract Mud-capped dredge pits (MCDPs), defined as sand borrow sites from paleo river channels with cohesive sediment-capped walls, are used for northern Gulf of Mexico (NGoM) coastal restoration projects due to lower cost than more distal restoration resources. MCDP evolution, including infilling and pit wall slope stability, is poorly understood in relation to sandy borrow areas. We present and interpret bathymetric data from Sandy Point MCDP, which was constructed in 2012 about 20 km northwest of Southwest Pass, the most active Mississippi River distributary, in water depths of ∼11 m. Repeat bathymetric surveys show the pit is infilling ∼54 cm (or volumetrically 200,000 m3) per year, which is on the same order as seasonal-scale and an order of magnitude higher than the decadal-scale vertical accretion rates observed seaward of Southwest Pass. This infilling rate is higher than predicted based solely on excavated volume when compared with other dredge pits in sandy substrate, sediment-starved settings. MCDP infill is volumetrically dominated by far-field (here defined as river plume or shelf bed resuspension) sediment, with only ∼9% of pit infill from pit wall failure. Geomorphic comparison of Sandy Point MCDP walls with Southwest Pass mudflow gully walls shows that the MCDP is oversteepened relative to natural depression features in this setting; the convergence of MCDP and mudflow gully gradients towards a common value (4–5°) may represent an “angle of repose” in lieu of decadal-scale forcings. Findings from this experiment of opportunity show that MCDPs (1) are effective sediment traps, (2) have steep but relatively laterally stable walls (3) do not represent significant risk to infrastructure in a 3-year time scale, and (4) are predicted to infill within about 2 decades provided a proximal sediment source exists.
Bisphosphonates and Dental Implant Treatment

Bisphosphonates (BP) are synthetic pyrophosphates possessing a strong affinity to calcium and magnesium ions as well as biologically generated hydroxyapatite. The first successful chemical synthesis of 1-hydroxy-1,1-ethylidene bisphosphonate disodium salt (etidronate) was reported by Von Baeyer and Hoffmann in 1897 (Francis and Valent 2007). However, BPs had no known uses until the first experimental application in dentistry. Then, in the 1960s, calcium-chelating agents were actively examined for possible efficacy in removing dental calculus; however, many of these agents not only removed calculus but also etched enamel and caused damage. When etidronate was tested, the highly polished enamel surface was not damaged (Briner and Francis 1973). This observation has inspired further studies about the adsorption of BPs onto hydroxyapatite surfaces.
Cancer Risks and EBV Antibody Patterns in NPC Families

The finding of high incidence of NPC only in select populations (Southern Chinese and other Asians, North Africans, and Eskimos) and persistence of high risk in migrants from these areas has suggested the importance of genetic factors in this cancer. Additional evidence implicating genetic factors comes from studies of human leukocyte antigens (HLA). Increased risk for NPC in patients with certain HLA patterns has been found among Chinese (1). Other factors which could suggest a role for genetics in this disease include: a) the finding of an increased risk for NPC among relatives of NPC patients in Hong Kong (2); b) the reports of multiple case NPC families in both high and low risk populations (2, 3), and c) the age distribution of NPC particularly in high risk populations with peak incidence rates in the fifth and sixth decades, followed by a decrease in risk.
Estimation and testing of binomial and beta-binomial regression models with and without zero inflation

We present new Stata commands for carrying out several regression commands suitable for binomial outcomes. The zib command extends Stata�s binreg command to allow zero inflation. The betabin command fits binomial regression models allowing for beta overdispersion, and the zibbin command fits a beta-binomial regression model with zero inflation. All the new commands allow the specification of links within the glm command�s collection for both outcome and zero inflation. The zero-inflated commands optionally calculate a Vuong test comparing the zero-inflated model with the nonzero-inflated model, and the zibbin command optionally includes a likelihood-ratio test of the overdispersion parameter.
Impacts of climate change and sea-level rise on small island states: National and international responses

Abstract Few developing countries possess sufficient indigenous financial and personnel resources to address adequately the predicted impacts of global climate change. In recognition of this fact, the Oceans and Coastal Areas Programme Activity Centre of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in 1987 established a series of regional teams to examine potential impacts of climate change and sea-level rise on terrestrial and marine ecosystems, on coastal environments, and on the socioeconomic structures of countries throughout the world. Drawing mainly on the work of the South Pacific Task Team, this article provides an overview of interrelated environmental problems and development problems in the Indo-Pacific region and reviews efforts to develop response strategies. The case of the Maldives is highlighted.
Memory Aid Device to Improve Face-Name Memory in Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease

Face recognition is a medium for any human interaction. A person must be able to recognize someone through their vision and memory. Unfortunately individuals who have memory disabilities often times suffer with their inability to recognize loved ones and close friends. The device presented in this paper is specifically targeted to individuals with Alzheimer's Disease, aiding their ability to recognize people using a face recognition model which matches the facial features of a person with stored pictures of known people. The device identifies the person in front then outputs the person's name and relationship to the user so that it is easy for any individual with a memory disability to identify the people they interact with. The device is tested using three different platforms including a Raspberry Pi 3, Samsung Ultrabook, and Nvidia Jetson TX2. Each platform was tested to find its speed and the distance a person can be away from the user and still be recognized successfully. After testing the Samsung was quickest with a 0.68s delay to identify one person and an accuracy of 60% at 7ft. The device is still being improved to increase accuracy and user friendliness.