cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effection of Folic Acid Supplementation on Glycemic Control and Insulin Resistance of Type 2 Diatetes

Objective:To discuss the effect of folic acid supplementation acting on glycemic control and insulin resistance.Methods:Choose 92 patients of type 2 diabetes who were receiving cure in our hospital,all of the patients were assured to receive normal patterns of life、diet and exercise,randomly choose 46 patients as the control group,gave them tablet of diamicron 80 mg,Bid,tablet of metformin 0.5g,Tid,the rest 46 patients were observation group,all were given diamicron、metformin and folic acid 10mg,Tid,take 6 month.All of the patients stop taking hypoglycemic drugs before the the experiment,two weeks later,check FPG、P2BG、HbA1c、FINS、ISI,check again 6 months later,compare the difference of the two groups.Results:After treatment,two sets of data were significantly improved compared with before treatment,FPG、P2BG、HbA1c、FINS、ISI were lower than before treatment(P0.01);after treatment,the 5 indicators of the observation group were lower than the control group(P0.05).Conclusion:Folic acid can significantly improve type 2 diabetes blood glucose levels,improve insulin resistance,worthy of clinical application.
Use of a catechol O-methyltransferase inhibitor to enhance central action of L-dopa

We studied the effects of U-0521, a COMT inhibitor, on both COMT activity and the bioavailability of DOPA and dopamine (DA) in the rat corpus striatum. The COMT assay of Quiran and Weinshilboum (1975) required modification because of the presence of U-0521, and we used dopamine as the the methyl group acceptor. The reaction products, 3-O-(14C)-methyl-dopamine and O-(14C)-methyl-U-0521 were separated on cation exchange resin. Rats were injected i.p. with U-0521 (200 mg kg−1) and sacrificed at 0–120 min. Maximal in vivo inhibition (94%) was obtained at 5’ with enzyme recovery to 64% of basal activity at 120’. Rats were injected i.p. with U-0521 (0–250 mg kg−1) and sacrificed at 10’. Maximal inhibition (85%) was obtained at 200 mg kg−1 with an IC50 of 78 mg kg−1. Rats were injected i.p. with U-0521 (150 mg kg−1) and 10’ later with L-DOPA (100 mg kg−1). Control animals were injected with L-DOPA alone. DOPA, DA, HVA and DOPAC were assayed at 0–120’ in striatal homogenates using HPLC. L-DOPA peak at 15’ was significantly higher in U-0521 pretreated rats compared with control rats (3.0 ± 0.3 vs. 1.09 ± 0.1, p0.005 on two-tailed student t-test). All results are expressed as ng/mg tissue weight ± SEM (n=4).
The Dynamics of Mass Political Support in Western Europe: Methodological Problems and Preliminary Findings

Following the Vietnam War and the student movement of the sixties the question of mass support for the political system received much attention both in Europe and elsewhere (e.g. Crozier, Huntington, and Watanuki, 1975). Depending on one’s political preferences, a shift from representational democracy to large scale citizen involvement in politics (‘grass root democracy’ or ‘Basisdemokratie ’) was anticipated with joy and hope or fear and reluctance. Conservatives asked whether politics would still be benign; liberals proclaimed a silent revolution, the dawn of a Postmaterialist age in which old cleavages would become obsolete and party politics would be restructured along a ‘new politics — old politics’ dimension (e.g. Inglehart, 1977, Dalton et al., 1984).
“They Would Have Tossed Him Back into the Sea,” Balseros, Elián, and Race Matters in the Miami Latinx Millennium (1990-present)

This chapter focuses on the waves of Cuban immigrants that arrived after the fall of the Soviet Union (1990), Cuba’s most important political and economic ally. By now, research shows that Cuban immigrants possessed less skills and were darker-skinned than previous arrivals; meanwhile, their search for jobs and housing came amid a more economically and racially diverse city (at the same time, that by the end of the decade, more affluent, socioeconomically mobile white Cubans have moved out of the enclave and vicinity altogether). Census data begin to reveal sharper economic disparities between “black” and “white” Cubans in the region, and geographic differences by race are more pronounced in the region. I complement the data with perspectives by Afro-Cuban informants, underscoring that while their white Cuban counterparts are less ideologically conservative as in the past, ultimately race supercedes common ethnicity within the insular confines of the Miami Cuban community. The infamous Elian Gonzalez custody battle and the subsequent 2000 general presidential election are applied as backdrop to emphasize how anti-black racism became more exposed in the Cuban community, equally affecting the identities of local Afro-Cuban Americans.
Therapeutic application of dysprosium-165-FHMA in the treatment of rheumatoid knee effusions

Radiation synovectomy utilizing a variety of radionuclides has proven to be an effective technique in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The recent introduction of the short-lived radionuclide, Dysprosium-165 (165Dy), as a replacement for the longer-lived radiocolloids has reduced nontarget dosimetry caused by leakage of the agent from the articular cavity. A review of the methods and status of radiation synovectomy, and the application of 165Dy-ferric hydroxide macroaggregates (FHMA) as an alternative therapeutic agent is described.
A Greedy Incremental Algorithm for Universal Approximation with RBF Newtorks

Radial basis function(RBF) networks have been proved to be a universal approximator when enough hidden nodes are given and proper parameters are selected. Conventional algorithms for RBF networks training, including two-stage methods and gradient-based algorithms, cost much computation and have difficulty to determine the network size. In this paper, a new greedy incremental(GI) algorithm is proposed which constructs the RBF network by adding hidden node one by one; Each added hidden node is trained once and then fixed. The parameters of each added hidden node are trained in a greedy way to approximate the local area around the pattern with the biggest error magnitude. The center and weight are determined by local regression, the width is tuned iteratively with a simple rule. The proposed greedy incremental algorithm is tested on some practical experiments and compared with other popular algorithms. The experiments results illustrated the GI algorithm could approximate the function universally with high efficiency and robustness.
Early life trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, and allostatic load in a sample of American Indian adults.

Objectives Among American Indians, prior research has found associations between early life trauma and the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adulthood. Given the physiological changes associated with PTSD, early life trauma could indirectly contribute to chronic disease risk. However, the impact of early life trauma on adult physical health in this population has not been previously investigated. Methods We evaluated associations among early life trauma, PTSD, and 13 physiological biomarkers that index cardiovascular, metabolic, neuroendocrine, anthropometric, and immune function in adulthood by conducting correlation and structural equation modeling path analyses (N = 197). Physiological systems were analyzed individually as well as in a composite measure of allostatic load. Results We found early life trauma was related to PTSD, which in turn was related to elevated allostatic load in adulthood. Among the various components of allostatic load, the neuroendocrine system was the only one significantly related to early life stress and subsequent PTSD development. Conclusions Changes in allostatic load might reflect adaptive adjustments that maximize short-term survival by enhancing stress reactivity, but at a cost to later health. Interventions should focus on improving access to resources for children who experience early life trauma in order to avoid PTSD and other harmful sequelae.
Measurement and analysis of a microwave oscillator stabilized by a sapphire dielectric ring resonator for ultra-low noise

Phase noise measurements are presented for a microwave oscillator whose frequency is stabilized by a whispering-gallery mode sapphire ring resonator with Q of 2*10/sup 5/. Isolation of RF fields by the special nature of the electromagnetic mode allows the very low loss of the sapphire itself to be realized. Several mode families have been identified with fairly good agreement with calculated frequency predictions. Waveguide coupling parameters have been characterized for the principal (lowest frequency) mode family, for n=5 to n=10 full waves around the perimeter. Based on the measurements and on the performance of commercially available phase detectors, the performance for a cooled resonator operating at 77 K with a Q of 3*10/sup 7/ is projected to be -85 dB/Hz at an offset of 1 Hz. This value is 30 dB below that of the best X-band source presently available, a frequency-multiplied quartz crystal oscillator. >
Beech bark disease reduces Sus scrofa (boar) rooting intensity in Great Smoky Mountains National Park.

Abstract This study examines the effect of beech bark disease (BBD) on Sus scrofa (European Wild Boar) rooting in high-elevation Beech gaps of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. In 2011, we sampled vegetative cover by stratum (canopy, shrub, herb) and European Wild Boar rooting extent in pre-existing fenced boar-exclosure plots and corresponding unfenced plots. We also used data from previous studies to compare frequencies of individual herbaceous species collected pre-BBD to those collected post-BBD. Our results indicate that mortality of Fagus grandifolia (American Beech) trees due to BBD and the consequent growth of a dense shrub-layer significantly reduced boar rooting in gaps within the Beech stands. We found that herbs were affected by both European Wild Boar and the dense shrub-cover following American Beech mortality; however, some plant species remained abundant, possibly because they were protected from detection within the shrubs.
Epidemiology of Seizures in Critically Ill Adults

Seizures and status epilepticus (SE) are relatively common in critically ill adults, and manifestations may include convulsive status epilepticus (CSE), nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), and nonconvulsive seizures (NCS). Convulsive seizures that do not meet criteria for status are also seen in this patient population. SE is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and should be diagnosed and treated appropriately. Some challenges in diagnosis and treatment center on the entity of NCSE. This group is now thought to be a heterogeneous patient population including different conditions and associated etiologies. In fact, the underlying etiology of seizures and status is felt to be a very important determinant of overall prognosis and outcome in this group of critically ill adult patients. In this chapter, the epidemiology, clinical features, and etiologies of the various SE types will be presented.
Observations of differential decomposition on sun exposed v. shaded pig carrion in coastal Washington State

The decomposition of two pig carcasses in close proximity to each other, one exposed and the other shaded, in a continuous woodland were observed and different rates of decay were recorded. The exposed pig decomposed much faster than the shaded pig, reaching a stable minimal weight two weeks before the shaded carcass. Bloat size, body weight, occurrence of blow fly larvae, and ambient air temperatures are compared. Maggot development appeared to be a major factor in the overall rate of decomposition and was affected primarily by different temperature patterns at the two sites.
Pragmatic Intuitions and Rational Choice

The literature of rational choice is pervaded with apparent paradoxes. Often the paradoxes are contrived in the following sense. We consider a problem as though it were a realistic or typical choice problem similar to the kinds of problems we normally face in everyday life. Yet the conditions of the problem as specified defy normal experience. Reasoning through the problem under the specified conditions yields one result while baldly attacking the problem from the intuitions developed from our normal experience yields a contrary result. Hence we think there is a paradox.
Psychic Hazards of Unwed Paternity

personality types and diagnostic categories, if they meet minimum requirements of age and initiative. Little has been written about fatherhood in general and less is known about the subgroup of the unwed; furthermore, it seems unlikely that we will obtain comprehensive data on this or the related subject of abortion as long as both are unmentionable subjects. There are, however, at least two reasons for supposing that qualifications for licensed and un licensed parenthood are equally unselective, and that men with all kinds and degrees of pathology are eligible. First, clinical experience in general does not support the hope—born of our need for certainty—that any symptom, symbol, or act has an absolute meaning. The per sonality of the ulcer patient cannot be pre dicted from the sore in his stomach, the snake does not always mean what we think, the act which initiates paternity may sig nify nothing more than a witless discharge of physiological tension—and nothing less than the fullest expression of the most ma ture relationship. Second, we have clinical experience with this subject, although we lack research data, and it suggests that unwed fathers defy categories as stubbornly as do other groups. A great variety of psychosocial predisposing and precipitating factors can lead to the on set of this condition.
Implementing Cardiovascular Risk Prediction in Clinical Practice: The Future Is Now.

Risk prediction equations have been a cornerstone of cardiovascular disease prevention strategies for 2 decades. These equations serve as tools to convert data on multiple risk factors into a summary estimate of a person's likelihood of experiencing a cardiovascular event over a given period. The
Optimization of Various Design Parameters for EN45A Flat Leaf Spring

Abstract Leaf springs are widely used as suspension system in automotive vehicles. In the present work, optimization of design parameters of flat leaf springs have been carried out: keeping into account the effect of shot peening intensity, reduction in the weight of components and increase in fatigue life at wide range of operating conditions. A computer program using Visual Basics has been prepared to predict the fatigue life, thickness and weight of shot peened EN45A spring steel leaf springs, based on stress approach. The results obtained from simulation are found in accordance with the experimental results. The developed program for flat leaf springs may be useful for fast and reliable optimization of various parameters of leaf springs in automotive vehicles.Consequently, there will be tremendous saving in material in leaf springs manufacturing industries as a result of optimization.
How I do it: surgical ligation of craniocervical junction dural AV fistulas

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) of the craniocervical junction are uncommon vascular lesions, which often require surgical treatment even in the endovascular era. Most commonly, the fistula is placed laterally, and surgical ligation is performed through a lateral suboccipital craniotomy. After dural opening, the area is inspected, and the arterialized vein is identified emerging from the dura, often adjacent to the entry point of the vertebral artery, and ligated. A far lateral craniotomy is the authors’ preferred surgical approach for accessing and treating dural arteriovenous fistulas of the craniocervical junction that cannot be reached endovascularly.
Methodological Concerns for Clinical Trials in Geriatrics

Since the introduction of chlordiazepox de into clinical practice in the United States in 1960, benzodiazepine minor tranquilizers and sedative hypnotics have replaced other drugs as the agents of choice in the treatment of anxiety and insomnia.1 During this 25-year period a total of 13 benzodiazepine derivatives have been marketed in the United States. For this to occur a vast literature has accumulated reporting the preclinical and clinical testing of these agents. Since the mid-1970s many reports have indicated that elderly patients have alterations in both the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many of the benzodiazepines.2 However, even at the present time with the large research base available, many questions, both basic and clinical, remain concerning mechanisms of the kinetic and dynamic alterations and also concerning clinical use of benzodiazepines in a geriatric population. These gaps in knowledge are the result of several factors, including slow development of analytical methodology for determination of benzodiazepine concentrations in body fluids for conduct of pharmacokinetic trials and lack of drug-sensitive measures to quantify benzodiazepine pharmacodynamics. Unfortunately, in many instances, these deficiencies have been compounded by deficiencies in clinical trial design, execution, and analysis, with the end result being publication of many studies that do not significantly contribute to the understanding of benzodiazepine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the elderly.
Identification of interfaces involved in weak interactions with application to F-actin-aldolase rafts.

Abstract Macromolecular interactions occur with widely varying affinities. Strong interactions form well defined interfaces but weak interactions are more dynamic and variable. Weak interactions can collectively lead to large structures such as microvilli via cooperativity and are often the precursors of much stronger interactions, e.g. the initial actin-myosin interaction during muscle contraction. Electron tomography combined with subvolume alignment and classification is an ideal method for the study of weak interactions because a 3-D image is obtained for the individual interactions, which subsequently are characterized collectively. Here we describe a method to characterize heterogeneous F-actin-aldolase interactions in 2-D rafts using electron tomography. By forming separate averages of the two constituents and fitting an atomic structure to each average, together with the alignment information which relates the raw motif to the average, an atomic model of each crosslink is determined and a frequency map of contact residues is computed. The approach should be applicable to any large structure composed of constituents that interact weakly and heterogeneously.
Legumin heterogeneity in Pisum.

Analyses of heterogeneity in legumin subunit patterns, legumin precursor polypeptides, and restriction fragments containing legumin genes have shown thatPisum (pea) genotypes vary in the extent of gene and polypeptide divergence but not in the degree of gene reiteration. Genotypes containing single and multiple αM subunits had the same numbers of legumin genes. The potential value of this heterogeneity in genetical analyses is outlined.
Social and Cognitive Outcomes of Service Learning: Results from a Pre-Post and Control Group Comparison.

Students in an undergraduate course opted to either complete a service-learning project or write article summary papers over the course of a semester. Analyses revealed a significant increase in aspects of empathy, social responsibility, and community and personal involvement in the service-learning group, but not in the control group. The findings are discussed in terms of the social and cognitive benefits of service-learning and considerations of incorporating service-learning into a gerontology-related course.
Exact Statistical Inference for a 2×2 Table

We introduce five exact conditional and unconditional approaches for proper statistical inference for data that can be organized in a 2 × 2 table. Such data are often obtained from a binomial comparative study, a cross-sectional study, or a matched-pairs study. We comprehensively compare the performance of these five exact approaches under different study design settings.
The Use of Loansome Doc to Meet the Needs of Unaffiliated Health Professionals.

Objective This study was undertaken in order to determine how health sciences libraries in a ten-state region are using Loansome Doc, with an emphasis on whether this tool continues to be used to serve unaffiliated health professionals. Methods: Usage data were examined and health sciences libraries were administered a survey to determine how they are using this tool. Results Loansome Doc usage across libraries is low and declining, and a number of libraries do not serve unaffiliated health professionals with this tool. Conclusions Use of Loansome Doc is low and declining due, in part, to license restrictions, declining interlibrary loan, and the prevalence of alternatives, such as OCLC ILLiad, for document delivery to affiliated users.
Establishing empirical links between high school assessments and college outcomes: An essential requirement for college readiness interpretations

As states evaluate whether they should continue with their current assessment program or adopt next-generation college readiness assessments, it is important to ascertain the degree to which curren...
Essays on Angel Investing in the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem

Throughout its three chapters, this dissertation examines a phenomenon that, although underappreciated and underinvestigated in the existing literature, should be of great interest to entrepreneurship scholars: angel investing in the United States. The resulting empirical patterns, both qualitative and quantitative, when taken in their entirety suggests that angel investing is a social process, and particularly that entrepreneurs are socialized into becoming angel investors by interacting with the angels who finance their ventures. Further, this work offers evidence that community-level patterns of socialization — i.e. what is generally known in sociology as community social capital — also plays a role in determining whether entrepreneurs will become angel investors and, once they choose to take this step, whether they will show a preference for financing local ventures vis-a-vis pursuing investment opportunities elsewhere. Finally, this work also addresses the question of angel investing outcomes — that is, why some angel investors are more successful than others, as measured by the number of exits in their investment portfolio. In this regard, empirical results suggest that generalists do better than specialists, and that angel investors with broad entrepreneurial experience are found to do especially well. Success is also a function of effective knowledge translation: on average, successful entrepreneurs tend to become more successful angels, and especially so the greater the overlap between the entrepreneurial experience of the founder and their angel investment portfolio.
Multiscale Equation-Based Models: Insights for Inflammation and Physiological Variability

The inflammatory response initiates the healing and recovery from injury. When successful, this leads to the restoration of homeostasis; however, if homeostasis cannot be restored, elevated levels of inflammatory activity may exert a deleterious effect. Given the complexity inherent in the redundant and interacting components of the inflammatory response, the development of novel therapies aimed at modulating the inflammatory response has been slow. In this chapter, we discuss our work on modeling human endotoxemia while focusing on how physiologic variability plays a role in the inflammatory response and how rhythmic biological signals may be applied in a translational context. Physiologic variability, ranging in scale from oscillations in autonomic activity less than 1 Hz which are reflected in short-term heart rate variability (HRV) to circadian rhythms in cytokine and hormone activities, is generally disrupted in inflammation. Based on this, the opportunity exists to study biological rhythms to gain insight into underlying physiological mechanisms and identify clinically relevant information.
Anesthesia for Cervical Spinal Cord Injury

Anesthesiologists are involved in the care of acute cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) patients related to blunt and penetrating trauma, as well as perioperative injuries resulting from spine surgery and/or preexisting spondylosis. Knowledge of the ASIA injury scale classification and epidemiology of associated injuries helps the anesthesiologist to prioritize management of these complex patients according to the most recent guidelines. Steroids should no longer be used as neuroprotective agents. Early surgical decompression and spinal stabilization is gaining favor. Manual in-line stabilization remains recommended while cricoid pressure during intubation is not. Videolaryngoscopes are increasingly utilized, but fiberoptic intubation remains the gold standard when applicable. Neurogenic shock requires attentive hemodynamic and bradyarrhythmia management. Central neuropathic pain is a common and difficult to manage entity in SCI.
WEAKNESSES AND LIMITATIONS OF MECHANICS

Publisher Summary The mechanics starts by assuming the existence of absolute space and time as defined by mathematicians. This is not even stated, it is simply taken for granted. The theory of information has obliged the physicist to re-examine the role of experimental errors and has required a complete re-appraisal of their actual importance. In many cases, strict causality is replaced by statistical probabilities; a scientist can or cannot believe in determinism. It is a matter of creed and belongs to metaphysics; physical experiments are unable to prove or to disprove it. This general point of view is called the matter-of-fact point of view. The determinism is replaced by statistical probabilities; a scientist can or cannot believe in determinism. It is a matter of faith and belongs to meta­physics. The physical discussions are unable to prove or to disprove it. This general viewpoint is called the matter of fact position. The laws of classical mechanics represent a mathematical idealization and should not be assumed to correspond to the real laws of nature.
Atypical cytochrome P450 induction profiles in glomerular mesangial cells at the mRNA and enzyme level. Evidence for CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expression and their involvement in benzo[a]pyrene metabolism.

Abstract Recent studies in this laboratory have shown that benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) modulates growth factor-related gene expression and proliferation of renal glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) in vitro . Because many of the toxic and biochemical effects of this polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon are mediated through oxidative metabolism, the present studies were conducted to examine the patterns of cytochrome P450IA1 (CYP1A1) and P450IB1 (CYP1B1) inducibility in mesangial cells and the molecular consequences of this response. Exposure of cultured GMCs to BaP (30 μM) or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD, 10 nM) for 24 hr induced CYP1 A1 mRNA levels, a response abolished by cotreatment with 10 μM cycloheximide. The pattern of hydrocarbon inducibility was atypical in that BaP was a more effective inducer of CYP1A1 gene expression than TCDD, and both hydrocarbons induced aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity, but not ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity. Cotreatment with α-naphthoflavone (αNF, 1 μM) or ellipticine (ELLIP, 0.1 nM) only partially inhibited the induction of AHH activity by BaP (30 μM). BaP and TCDD also induced expression of the CYP1B1 protein and the pattern of induction was comparable to that observed for CYP1A1. Treatment of GMCs with 30 μM BaP was associated with the formation of eight DNA adducts, and their occurrence could be inhibited by pretreatment with αNF (1 μM), but not ELLIP (0.1 nM). These results demonstrate that CYP1A1 and CYP1B1-related activities are induced in GMCs by BaP and TCDD and this induction is associated with metabolism of BaP to reactive intermediates that bind covalently to DNA.
Functional and cake-baking properties of egg white, bovine blood plasma and their protein fractions

We investigated the functional properties of egg white, bovine blood plasma, and their component proteins to explain differences in their cake-baking potential. All blood plasma proteins denatured at lower temperatures than the major protein of egg white (ovalbumin). y-Globulin was the most heat stable and fibrinogen was the most heat-sensitive protein of blood plasma. Blood plasma had similar foaming capacity as egg white, but the foam stability of blood plasma protein was significantly less than for egg white. Among blood plasma fractions, serum albumin, fibrinogen, and Cohn fraction IV-1 (predominantly a-globulin) had good foaming capacities and stabilities. Globulins were the only protein fractions in egg white with good foaming properties. Blood plasma and its component proteins were better emulsifiers than egg white and its component proteins. The authors are affiliated with the Dept. of Food Science & Human Nutrition and the Center for Crops Utilization Research, Iowa State Univ., Ames, lA 50011. Address inquiries to L. A. Johnson.
A Physically-Distinct, Multi-Agent, Sonic Space Ecosystem

This paper presents the work, development, and initial findings of a move in the Sonic Spaces Project away from single-computer based systems towards an interac-tive, musical metacreation system comprised of distribut-ed, physically-distinct agents built from single-board computers. In addition to discussing the technical specif-ics of how this system was developed, the article also takes time to discuss the implications towards the per-ception of “agents” and “agency” by human-participants. As well as the specific role of agents in computational systems such as this one.
High temperature/pressure MAS-NMR for the study of dynamic processes in mixed phase systems.

Abstract A new MAS-NMR rotor (the WHiMS rotor) has been developed which can reach pressures of 400 bar at 20 °C or 225 bar at 250 °C. These rotors are ideal for mixed phase systems such as a reaction using a solid catalyst with a liquid/supercritical solvent topped with high pressure gas in the head space. After solid and liquid portions of the sample are loaded, the rotor is capped with an o-ring equipped polymer bushing that snaps into a mating groove in the rotor. The bushings incorporate a check valve into the sealing mechanism which allows for pressurization without mechanical manipulation – they will allow gas to flow in but not out. This WHiMS rotor design has enabled experiments on a wide variety of biotic and abiotic mixed-phase systems. Geochemical systems have also been studied, for example, adsorption and confinement studies of supercritical methane/CO2 in clays and other minerals which display pressure dependent 13C chemical shifts. Example data from other mixed-phase chemical and microbial systems are reported. These include monitoring metabolite conversion of extremophilic bacteria found in subsurface systems at elevated pressures and real-time operando reactions in catalysis systems - with liquid-quality resolution for 1H and 13C NMR spectra.
New challenges in the recognition and enforcement of judgments

This chapter was prepared for the book The Continuing Relevance of Private International Law and Its Challenges, edited by Franco Ferrari and Diego P. Fernandez Arroyo. It is the basis for a presentation at the NYU Center for Transnational Litigation, Arbitration and Commercial Law Conference on The Continuing Relevance of Private International Law and its Challenges, November 15-16, 2018. The growth of global trade requires the development of private international law consistent with the development of international trade law. The recognition of foreign judgments is a necessary part of both of these areas of the law. There cannot be consistent increase in the free movement of goods, services, and capital without the corresponding free movement of judgments. Thus, the law of judgments recognition must develop with an eye on its impact on and its consistency with international trade law. This chapter sets out the current law on judgments recognition in the world’s three largest economies: the United States, the European Union, and China. It then considers challenges to the development of judgments recognition law on both the global level and within the United States. On the global level, this requires an assessment of the May 2018 draft text for a Hague Convention on the recognition of foreign judgments. On the national level in the United States, this requires an assessment of the restrictions and problems created by having judgments recognition law largely determined at the state, rather than the federal, level. This has implications for global developments in terms of the ability of the United States to become a party to both the 2005 Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements and any new Hague Convention on the recognition of foreign judgments. The chapter concludes with a full list of challenges to judgments recognition law and concerns regarding recent developments.
Stimulus Context and Reward Contingency Induce Behavioral Adaptation in a Rodent Tactile Detection Task.

Behavioral adaptation is a prerequisite for survival in a constantly changing sensory environment. However, the underlying strategies and relevant variables driving adaptive behavior are not well understood. Many learning models and neural theories consider probabilistic computations as an efficient way to solve a variety of tasks, especially if uncertainty is involved. Although this suggests a possible role for probabilistic inference and expectation in adaptive behaviors, there is little if any evidence of this relationship experimentally. Here, we investigated adaptive behavior in the rat model by using a well-controlled behavioral paradigm within a psychophysical framework to predict and quantify changes in performance of animals trained on a simple whisker-based detection task. The sensory environment of the task was changed by transforming the probabilistic distribution of whisker deflection amplitudes systematically while measuring the animal‘s detection performance and corresponding rate of accumulated reward. We show that the psychometric function deviates significantly and reversibly depending on the probabilistic distribution of stimuli. This change in performance relates to accumulating a constant reward count across trials, yet it is exempt from changes in reward volume. Our simple model of reward accumulation captures the observed change in psychometric sensitivity and predicts a strategy seeking to maintain reward expectation across trials in the face of the changing stimulus distribution. We conclude that rats are able maintain a constant payoff under changing sensory conditions by flexibly adjusting their behavioral strategy. Our findings suggest the existence of an internal probabilistic model that facilitates behavioral adaptation when sensory demands change. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The strategy animals use to deal with a complex and ever-changing world is a key to understanding natural behavior. This study provides evidence that rodent behavioral performance is highly flexible in the face of a changing stimulus distribution, consistent with a strategy to maintain a desired accumulation of reward.
Design and Evaluation of a Multidirectional Thermal Flow Sensor on Flexible Substrate

The development and the corresponding evaluation of a multidirectional thermal flow sensor are presented in this work. The sensor was fabricated on a flexible substrate, allowing for new applications, since it provides the possibility of installation in nonplanar surfaces such as pipelines. Furthermore, the sensing elements are not in direct contact with the fluid, which increases the device reliability, extends its application range, and allows the noncontact monitoring of fluids. This was achieved by utilizing the substrate as a protective layer between the sensing elements and the fluid under measurement. The operation principle is based on the determination of the flow-induced temperature profile variations. A dedicated experimental setup was designed and used for the device evaluation. Both flow velocity value and direction were successfully extracted, while the results were consistent with the predicted theoretical values. A single-layer back propagation neural network that correlates the sensors’ readouts to the angle of rotation was implemented, which leads to a mean absolute direction estimation error in the order of 2.7 degrees independent to the training procedure datasets.
Rural Classroom Environments as Contexts for Teacher-Child Relationships.

The authors examined the associations between observed classroom management and teacher-child relationships with individual children during kindergarten and Grade 1. We used a sample of nonstruggli...
Disruption of the Putative Ribosome-Binding Motif of a Scaffold Protein Impairs Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit Expression in Leishmania major

ABSTRACT During their parasitic life cycle, through sandflies and vertebrate hosts, Leishmania parasites confront strikingly different environments, including abrupt changes in pH and temperature, to which they must rapidly adapt. These adaptations include alterations in Leishmania gene expression, metabolism, and morphology, allowing them to thrive as promastigotes in the sandfly and as intracellular amastigotes in the vertebrate host. A critical aspect of Leishmania metabolic adaptation to these changes is maintenance of efficient mitochondrial function in the hostile vertebrate environment. Such functions, including generation of ATP, depend upon the expression of many mitochondrial proteins, including subunits of cytochrome c oxidase (COX). Significantly, under mammalian temperature conditions, expression of Leishmania major COX subunit IV (LmCOX4) and virulence are dependent upon two copies of LACK, a gene that encodes the ribosome-associated scaffold protein, LACK (Leishmania ortholog of RACK1 [receptor for activated C kinase]). Targeted replacement of an endogenous LACK copy with a putative ribosome-binding motif-disrupted variant (LACKR34D35G36→LACKD34D35E36) resulted in thermosensitive parasites that showed diminished LmCOX4 expression, mitochondrial fitness, and replication in macrophages. Surprisingly, despite these phenotypes, LACKD34D35E36 associated with monosomes and polysomes and showed no major impairment of global protein synthesis. Collectively, these data suggest that wild-type (WT) LACK orchestrates robust LmCOX4 expression and mitochondrial fitness to ensure parasite virulence, via optimized functional interactions with the ribosome. IMPORTANCELeishmania parasites are trypanosomatid protozoans that persist in infected human hosts to cause a spectrum of pathologies, from cutaneous and mucocutaneous manifestations to visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani. The latter is usually fatal if not treated. Persistence of L. major in the mammalian host depends upon maintaining gene-regulatory programs to support essential parasite metabolic functions. These include expression and assembly of mitochondrial L. major cytochrome c oxidase (LmCOX) subunits, important for Leishmania ATP production. Significantly, under mammalian conditions, WT levels of LmCOX subunits require threshold levels of the Leishmania ribosome-associated scaffold protein, LACK. Unexpectedly, we find that although disruption of LACK’s putative ribosome-binding motif does not grossly perturb ribosome association or global protein synthesis, it nonetheless impairs COX subunit expression, mitochondrial function, and virulence. Our data indicate that the quality of LACK’s interaction with Leishmania ribosomes is critical for LmCOX subunit expression and parasite mitochondrial function in the mammalian host. Collectively, these findings validate LACK’s ribosomal interactions as a potential therapeutic target.
Barbara Van Brimmer, 1947–2003

Barbara Van Brimmer, associate professor and curator of the Medical Heritage Center, John A. Prior Health Sciences Library, Ohio State University, died in Columbus on October 9, 2003. Barbara was born in Napoleon, Ohio, on November 15, 1947. She earned her bachelor of arts degree in botany at Miami University (Oxford, Ohio) in 1969 and her master's of library science at the University of Mississippi in 1984. Her scholarship and professional interest focused on medical history preservation, culminating in the creation of the Medical Heritage Center in 1997. As chair of MLA's History of the Health Sciences Section and as president of both the Ohio Health Sciences Library Association and the Central Ohio Health Sciences Library Association, she served the wider profession in major capacities and left behind an exemplary legacy. She served on fifty university committees and thirty professional committees, both local and national. Barbara joined the Prior Health Sciences Library staff in 1985, and, in her eighteen years with the library, she held seven different positions, each drawing on her diverse strengths and interests in the field. Her talent and passion for librarianship led her successfully on to each new challenge. Barbara leaves behind her devoted husband, Rick, and daughter, Tonya. She was an active member of her community and of her church, First Baptist in Delaware, Ohio. She served several terms as church clerk, was the church historian, and chaired the committee that planned its Sesquicentennial Celebration in 2003. Following her death, the Board of Trustees, on behalf of the university community, expressed to Barbara's family its deepest sympathies and sense of understanding of their loss. It also directed that a memorial resolution be inscribed in the minutes of the Board of Trustees and that a copy of it be tendered to her family as an expression of its heartfelt sympathy.
In vivo messenger RNA detection with antisense PNA functionalized cationic nanocomplex

1221 Objectives The goal of this study was to prepare an antisense peptide nucleic acid (PNA) functionalized molecular nanoprobe for specific determination of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) up-regulated in an acutely injured lung model. Methods The cationic nanocomplex of 123I-PNAantiYR9-ODNanti-cSCK is formulated by electrostatic complexation of a cSCK and a radiolabeled antisense 123I-PNAantiYR9-ODNanti hybrid with high binding affinity to iNOS mRNA (Nos2). The intracellular localization of the nanocomplex was tracked through a fluorescent dye. The cSCK amine to ODN phosphate ratio (N/P) was optimized to minimize the cytoxicity. The in vitro binding specificity of developed anti-sense nanocomplex was tested in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma stimulated RAW 264.7 cells expressing high concentration of iNOS and compared to the sense PNA constructed nanocompelex following same strategy. In vivo targeting specificity of the nanocomplexes was demonstrated through biodistribution in a LPS injured mouse lung model. Results Complete binding of the antisense PNA-YR9-ODN hybrid to the cSCK was achieved at an 8:1 N/P ratio by a gel retardation assay. The antisense PNA-YR9-ODN-cSCK nanocomplexes efficiently entered RAW cells, while the PNA-YR9-ODN alone was not taken up. Low concentrations of 123I-PNAantiYR9-ODNanti-cSCK showed significantly higher retention of radioactivity in iNOS up-regulated RAW cells when compared to a sense PNA nanocomplex. Statistically greater retention of radioactivity from 123I-PNAantiYR9-ODNanti-cSCK was also observed in an iNOS-induced mouse lung after intratracheal administration. Conclusions This work demonstrates the specificity and sensitivity of the 123I-PNAantiYR9-ODNanti-cSCK nanocomplex for in vitro and in vivo iNOS mRNA detection and its potential for early diagnosis of acute lung injury. Research Support This work is supported by the NHLBI Program of Excellence in Nanotechnology (HHSN268201000046C).
Neuroscientific Considerations and the Law

Neuroscientific Considerations and the Law, points to the use of neuroscientific evidence and tools and the use of them as they have appeared in the courtroom.
James Joyce and the Matter of Paris

In James Joyce and the Matter of Paris, Catherine Flynn recovers the paradigmatic city of European urban modernity as the foundational context of Joyce's imaginative consciousness. Beginning with Joyce's underexamined first exile in 1902–03, she shows the significance for his writing of the time he spent in Paris and of a range of French authors whose works inflected his experience of that city. In response to the pressures of Parisian consumer capitalism, Joyce drew on French literature to conceive a somatic aesthetic, in which the philosophically disparaged senses of taste, touch, and smell as well as the porous, digestive body resist capitalism's efforts to manage and instrumentalize desire. This book resituates the most canonical of Irish modernists in a European avant-garde context while revealing important links between Anglophone modernism and critical theory.
Report of the LITA Imagineering Interest Group Meeting, American Library Association Annual Conference, Washington, DC. June 2019

On Saturday June 22, 2019 the LITA Imagineering Interest Group and Tor Books presented a panel at the ALA Annual Conference entitled “Agency, Consent, and Power in Science Fiction and Fantasy” The ...
Indoor aerosol water content and phase state in U.S. residences: impacts of relative humidity, aerosol mass and composition, and mechanical system operation

Hygroscopic particulate matter (PM) constituents promote uptake of aerosol water (AW), depending on relative humidity (RH), which can constrain qualities such as organic aerosol (OA) phase state and inorganic aerosol (IA) deliquescence and efflorescence. This work provides a first incorporation of AW predictions into residential indoor PM simulations. The indoor model, IMAGES, which simulates factored OA concentrations and thermodynamics using the 2D-volatility basis set, was expanded to predict speciated IA concentrations, AW with κ-Kohler theory of hygroscopic growth, and OA phase state with glass transition temperatures. Since RH is the largest driver of AW and varies with meteorology, simulations were conducted using a database of historical ambient weather and pollution records spanning the sixteen U.S. climate zones, facilitating assessment of seasonal and regional trends. Over this diverse simulation set, the residential indoor AW mass was ∼10 to 100 times smaller than dry PM mass. This relative AW amount indoors was about ∼10 times smaller than outdoors, since indoor-emitted aerosol is likely less hygroscopic. The indoor OA phase state was typically semisolid, suggesting kinetic limitations might inhibit thermodynamic OA partitioning equilibrium from being established indoors. Residences in hot and humid climates during the summertime may have liquid indoor OA, while amorphous solid indoor OA can exist in cold climates. Deliquescence and efflorescence of recirculated IA within HVAC systems during cooling or heating, respectively, was also modeled. Oftentimes, two IA populations with different histories existing as wet or dry aerosol were generated by HVAC operation depending on indoor and outdoor environmental conditions and the HVAC operating mode.