cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving Anesthesia Nurse Compliance with Universal Precautions Using Group Goals and Public Feedback

Universal Precautions (UPs), procedures to reduce the likelihood of accidental exposure to blood-borne pathogens, were observed among seven Certified Nurse Anesthetists and one anesthesia technician during intravenous line procedures. After six weeks of base-line measures, nurses participated in training, goal setting, and feedback targeting hand sanitizing practices. Three weeks later immediate needle disposal was targeted. Hand sanitizing behaviors increased from a group baseline percentage of 24% to 65% during the intervention, and 52% during withdrawal. No significant increases in immediate needle disposal were found. Participants disposed of needles immediately 53% of the time during baseline, 58% during the intervention phase, and 45% during withdrawal. Non-targeted UP behaviors also increased as a result of the intervention: Recapping needles with on-hand increased from 45% during baseline to 61% during the intervention phases; removing gloves from inside out increased from 61% to 93%; and wearing gloves when discarding waste increased from 31% to 52%. Auxiliary behaviors such as nurse and patient interactions remained consistently high throughout the study.
Electrospun Biopolymer-Based Micro/Nanofibers

In this paper electrospinning process was used to produce fibers for variety of applications such as tissue engineering, bio-photovoltaics, and bio-FETs. Tissue scaffolds have been made using electrospun fibers containing polycaprolactone (PCL) as a core material and gelatin as sheath. Biodegradable and biocompatible exterior gelatin promotes cell generation while biodegradable PCL core gives higher fiber modulus. The mechanical properties of gelatin-PCL coaxial fibers were also reported and the fibers are analyzed using SEM and TEM techniques. Isolated pigments and photosystem of polymers and biopolymers were studied also since photosystem can improved the stand-alone chlorophylls and accessory pigments for photovoltaic devices applications. Spinach pigment doped poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) was used and analyzed using optical microscopy. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and DNA polymer blends were used for FET connection to form bio-FETs. Hexadecyltrimethylammonim chloride (CTMA) cationic surfactant was utilized to make a DNA to be soluble in common organic solvents. Images of the polymer fibres were presented along with the DNA-CMTA schematic structure.
The effects of trap-induced lifetime variations on the design and performance of high-efficiency GaAs solar cells

The authors investigate the impact of Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) lifetime behavior directly on GaAs solar cell performance and design optimization for various lifetime-limiting defects, characterized by trap position, cross section, and trap density. It is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally, for a specific cell design, how far GaAs cell efficiency can be from the optimum efficiency if certain types of bulk defects limit the lifetime and are not properly accounted for. A realistic situation is considered where cell designers/manufacturers know the bulk lifetime at some nominal carrier concentrations but are unaware of the trap characteristics or defect responsible for this lifetime. An improved GaAs p/n heteroface cell design is proposed. This design utilizes a high-low junction and a thin base, with AlGaAs back-surface passivation. >
Relation between rotational and translational dynamic heterogeneities in water

We use molecular dynamics simulations to probe the rotational dynamics of the extended simple point charge model of water for a range of temperatures down to 200 K, 6 K above the mode coupling temperature. We find that rotational dynamics is spatially heterogeneous; i.e., there are clusters of molecules that rotate significantly more than the average for a given time interval, and we study the size and the temporal behavior of these clusters. We find that the position of a rotational heterogeneity is strongly correlated with the position of a translational heterogeneity, and that the fraction of molecules belonging to both kinds of heterogeneities increases with decreasing temperature. We further find that although the two types of heterogeneities are not identical, they are related to the same physical picture.
It takes a garden. How work on diverse plant species has contributed to an understanding of flavonoid metabolism.

Flavonoid biosynthesis is one of the most extensively studied areas of plant secondary metabolism. Modern-day reports date back to 1664 and Robert Boyle's description of the effects of acids and bases on plant pigments. Today, through the study of flavonoid metabolism in diverse plant systems, a
Oligooxyethylene liquid phthalocyanines

A series of methyl-terminated oligooxyethylene (CH3(OCH2CH2)nO, n = 8.8)-substituted phthalocyanines with peripheral substitution at four β positions, at four α positions and at the eight α positions was synthesized and structurally characterized. These compounds are isotropic liquids above 10 °C. Non-linear optical properties of the tetra-α- and tetra-β-substituted compounds were examined. Both are reverse saturable absorbers in the visible region of the spectrum, but the tetra-α-substituted compound has the larger non-linear absorption coefficient and can be a useful optical limiter in cases where a non-volatile liquid is desirable.
Essential role of the iron-regulated outer membrane receptor FauA in alcaligin siderophore-mediated iron uptake in Bordetella species

Phenotypic analysis using heterologous host systems localized putative Bordetella pertussis ferric alcaligin transport genes and Fur-binding sequences to a 3.8-kb genetic region downstream from the alcR regulator gene. Nucleotide sequencing identified a TonB-dependent receptor family homolog gene, fauA, predicted to encode a polypeptide with high amino acid sequence similarity with known bacterial ferric siderophore receptors. In Escherichia coli, the fauA genes of both B. pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica directed the production of a 79-kDa polypeptide, approximating the predicted size of the mature FauA protein. B. bronchiseptica fauA insertion mutant BRM17 was unable to utilize ferric alcaligin, and in complementation analyses ferric alcaligin utilization was restored to this mutant by supplying the wild-type fauA gene in trans. Mutant BRM18, carrying a nonpolar in-frame fauA deletion mutation, was defective in ferric alcaligin utilization and (55)Fe-ferric alcaligin uptake and no longer produced a 79-kDa iron-regulated outer membrane protein. In complementation analyses, BRM18 merodiploids bearing the wild-type fauA gene in trans regained ferric alcaligin siderophore transport and utilization functions and produced the 79-kDa protein. Analysis of a plasmid-borne fauA-lacZ operon fusion confirmed that fauA is subject to iron regulation at the transcriptional level and that cis-acting transcriptional control elements mediating fauA iron repressibility reside within the 3.8-kb PstI fauA DNA region. Moreover, expression of the fauA-lacZ fusion gene under iron starvation conditions was shown to be alcR dependent. FauA is a 79-kDa iron-regulated outer membrane receptor protein required for transport and utilization of ferric alcaligin siderophore complexes by Bordetella species.
Injuries to pitchers in women's collegiate fast-pitch softball

An injury survey of eight college softball teams ranked among the top 15 during the 1989 women's NCAA tournament championship by their athletic trainers found 26 injuries and complaints in 20 of 24 players. There were 15 grade I (nontime-loss) injuries, all musculotendinous except for a leg contusion and an ankle sprain. The 6 grade II injuries (altered play) were also musculotendinous except for 2 sprains to the hand and wrist. The 5 grade III (stopped play) injuries were somewhat more varied in type and resulted in an average of almost 7 weeks of time lost per injured player. Eighty-two percent of the time-loss injuries (grades II and III) involved the upper extremity. This survey suggests that there are likely to be a significant number of injuries involving loss of time from practice or games among elite women's fast-pitch softball pitchers.
Arceuthobium tsugense subsp. amabilae, a new subspecies of Hemlock dwarf mistletoe (Viscaceae) from Oregon

ABSTRACT The dwarf mistletoe severely parasitizing Pacific silver fir in Oregon is described as a new subspecies of hemlock dwarf mistletoe. This classification is based on morphological and host range differences between hemlock dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium tsugense (Rosendahl) G. N. Jones subsp. tsugense, and the new subspecies, Pacific silver fir dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium tsugense subsp. amabilae Mathiasen & C. Daugherty.
Crizotinib Synergizes with Chemotherapy in Preclinical Models of Neuroblastoma.

Purpose: The presence of an ALK aberration correlates with inferior survival for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. The emergence of ALK inhibitors such as crizotinib has provided novel treatment opportunities. However, certain ALK mutations result in de novo crizotinib resistance, and a phase I trial of crizotinib showed a lack of response in patients harboring those ALK mutations. Thus, understanding mechanisms of resistance and defining circumvention strategies for the clinic is critical. Experimental Design: The sensitivity of human neuroblastoma–derived cell lines, cell line–derived, and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models with varying ALK statuses to crizotinib combined with topotecan and cyclophosphamide (topo/cyclo) was examined. Cultured cells and xenografts were evaluated for effects of these drugs on proliferation, signaling, and cell death, and assessment of synergy. Results: In neuroblastoma murine xenografts harboring the most common ALK mutations, including those mutations associated with resistance to crizotinib (but not in those with wild-type ALK ), crizotinib combined with topo/cyclo enhanced tumor responses and mouse event-free survival. Crizotinib + topo/cyclo showed synergistic cytotoxicity and higher caspase-dependent apoptosis than crizotinib or topo/cyclo alone in neuroblastoma cell lines with ALK aberrations (mutation or amplification). Conclusions: Combining crizotinib with chemotherapeutic agents commonly used in treating newly diagnosed patients with high-risk neuroblastoma restores sensitivity in preclinical models harboring both sensitive ALK aberrations and de novo –resistant ALK mutations. These data support clinical testing of crizotinib and conventional chemotherapy with the goal of integrating ALK inhibition into multiagent therapy for ALK -aberrant neuroblastoma patients. Clin Cancer Res; 22(4); 948–60. ©2015 AACR .
Guilt-by association approach to identify novel human aging-related genes using protein domains

Elucidating the genetic reasons associated with aging and longevity could greatly help in designing strategies to extend years of healthy life in humans. Extensive studies have been carried out in model organisms to find the effect of genes on aging. Understandably, human aging is difficult to research due to the complexity of the processes involved in aging, along with the time and ethical constraints associated with the human life. In spite of these constraints, the Human Ageing Genomic Resources (HAGR) has compiled the GenAge database, a curated list of aging related genes in humans and model organisms using information from published literature. We hypothesized that biological feature-based data mining approaches can overcome the existing limitations associated with human aging research. In this study we develop a computational method to identify aging related human genes that may play a potential role in aging and life span related processes. We employed protein domain information and guilt-by association approach to predict potential aging related genes, which resulted into the identification of twenty-seven novel human aging related genes.
Windfall Analysis: A New Look at Uncharged Conduct Evidence

In criminal cases, the prosecution frequently offers evidence of uncharged conduct (usually prior criminal activity), claiming that it will tend to prove the mens rea element of the charged offense. When such an offer is made, Rule 404(b) of the Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE) creates a dilemma for the trial court. On the one hand, the rule forbids the introduction of uncharged conduct evidence (UCE) for one purpose: proof of a person's character in order to show that the person acted in conformity with that character trait on a particular occasion. On the other hand, it permits the introduction of the evidence for any other purpose - including proof of intent or of other mens rea elements of the offense. The dilemma exists because admission of the uncharged conduct will frequently lead the jury to draw both the permitted and the forbidden inference. Rule 403 mandates admission of the UCE unless "its probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice," but this general mandate has provided little meaningful guidance in resolving the dilemma created when UCE is offered to prove mens rea. This article uses visual and mathematical models to analyze that dilemma. It describes the basic model itself, isolates and identifies various effects of UCE and their probative or prejudicial nature, and, introduces a powerful new analytic tool, "windfall analysis," based on the concepts of evidentiary ideals and evidentiary windfalls. It concludes that the Seventh Circuit is wrong to uniformly reject conditional concessions as an adequate substitute for the evidence. It also concludes that, to the extent that the other circuits suggest that conditional concessions should always be accepted, those circuits may also be wrong. It then sets forth a proposition not yet adopted by any of the circuits: that there are situations in which a trial court should require conditional concessions as a pre-requisite for excluding UCE even though that evidence would be excludable under 403 even without that concession.
The liability of localness in innovation

I analyze differences in the innovativeness of domestic firms and subsidiaries of foreign firms operating in the same country. I argue that domestic firms suffer a liability of localness in innovation, or a competitive disadvantage in product innovation relative to subsidiaries of foreign firms. I propose that this liability of localness is driven by the relatively lower levels of multiculturalism in employees of domestic firms in comparison with subsidiaries, which limit the identification, transfer, and integration of a large diversity of knowledge that supports product innovation. I also propose that managers of domestic firms can compensate for this liability of localness in two ways: by investing in the training of their employees and by exporting. Training modifies the mindsets and abilities of employees and enables them to become more cognitively multicultural, which facilitates product innovation. Exporting changes employees’ mindsets as they become exposed to new ideas available abroad, which also facilitates product innovation. I test these arguments on a sample of manufacturing firms and find that, although domestic firms introduce fewer new products than subsidiaries of foreign firms, they introduce more new products than subsidiaries at the same level of investment in language training and of exports.
The Challenges of Evolution: EDM Initiatives in Private Equity in Conception and Practice

The ability to see new possibilities is fundamental to creating innovative designs - but what do we know about state-of-the-art possibility thinking? The purpose of this paper is to look at this topic, which the strategy field has largely ignored in favor of analytics, by examining a selection of breakthrough engineering projects. Out of these, the paper aims to draw eight different ways of illuminating new possibilities - challenging, connecting, visualizing, collaborating, harmonizing, improvising, re-orienting, and playing - and discuss what each of these might look like if applied to business strategy. The paper explores eight different engineering projects that are regarded as especially innovative. It then explores the lessons of these for business strategists. The paper finds that innovative business strategy development has many parallels with engineering approaches.
Provenance and sediment dispersal of the Triassic Yanchang Formation, southwest Ordos Basin, China, and its implications

Abstract The Ordos Basin in north central China records a transition from marine to non-marine deposition during the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic. As a result, the northern and southern regions of the Ordos Basin show different tectonic histories and very distinctive sedimentation styles. Two deformation belts, the Qinling orogenic belt to the south and the Liupanshan thrust and fold belt to the west, controlled the structural evolution of the southern Ordos Basin during the early Mesozoic. Paleocurrent analysis, net-sand ratio maps, sandstone modal analysis, and U–Pb detrital zircon geochronology were used to document sediment sources and dispersal patterns of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the southwest Ordos Basin. Paleocurrent measurements suggest that the sediments were mainly derived from the Liupanshan and the Qinling orogenic belts. Net-sand ratio maps show that several fan delta systems controlled sediment delivery in the south Ordos Basin. Both sandstone modal analysis and U–Pb detrital zircon geochronology suggest that the Yanchang Formation is locally sourced from both of the basin marginal deformation belts; the lower and middle sections are recycled Paleozoic sedimentary rocks mainly derived from the north Qinling orogenic belt, whereas for the upper section, the Qilian–Qaidam terranes and possibly the west Qinling orogenic belt began to shed sediments into the southwest Ordos Basin. Results have important implications for basin marginal tectonics and its controls on sedimentation of intracratonic basins in China and similar settings.
Athkiajas: A Cypriot Flintknapper and the Threshing Sledge Industry

ABSTRACTThe Cypriot threshing sledge supported one of the last flintknapping Industries around the Mediteranean. Interviews with a former athkiajas (knapper) and others depict a simple, efficient, and highly specialized knapping technology, which was part of a complex of traditional agricultural practices. Within this Industry can be seen temporal, regional, and individual Variation, which is now difficult to document. The knapping and other crafts involved were also performed at several levels of specialization.
Functional polymers. XII: Synthesis and polymerization of 2(2-vinyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)2 H -benzotriazole and 2(3-vinyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)2 H -benzotriazole

Condensation of diazotizedo-nitroaniline with 3-ethylphenol or with 2-ethylphenol followed by reduction of the resulting azo compound with zinc dust in sodium hydroxide solution gave 2-(2-ethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)2H-benzotriazole and 2(3-ethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)2H-benzotriazole, respectively. The individual compounds were acetylated, brominated withN-bromosuccinimide to the corresponding 1-bromoethyl compounds which were then dehydrobrominated with triethyl amine in acetonitrile and hydrolyzed to 2(2-vinyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)2H-benzotriazole or 2(3-vinyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)2H-benzotriazole. The two monomers could be polymerized and copolymerized with styrene and methyl methacrylate. The ethyl as well as the vinyl compounds and the corresponding polymers, when tested, are ineffective as ultraviolet absorbers as they have structures of 4-hydroxyphenyl rather than 2-hydroxyphenyl compounds with respect to the benzotriazole ring. A careful NMR analysis for the correct structural assignment is also described.
Minutissamides A-D, Antiproliferative Cyclic Decapeptides from the Cultured Cyanobacterium Anabaena minutissima

Four cyclic decapeptides, minutissamides A–D (1–4), were isolated from the cultured cyanobacterium Anabaena minutissima (UTEX 1613). The planar structures were determined using various spectroscopic techniques including HRESIMS and 1D and 2D NMR experiments. The absolute configurations of the α-amino acid residues were assigned using Marfey’s method after acid hydrolysis. The absolute configuration of a β-amino acid residue was assigned by a combination of the advanced Marfey’s method, J-based configurational analysis, and ROE spectroscopic analysis. The structures of minutissamides A–D (1–4) were characterized by the presence of three nonstandard α-amino acid residues (two α,β-dehydro-α-aminobutyric acids and one N-methylated Asn) and one β-amino acid residue (2-hydroxy-3-amino-4-methyldodecanoic acid or 2-hydroxy-3-amino-4-methylhexadecanoic acid). Minutissamides A–D (1–4) exhibited antiproliferative activity against the HT-29 human colon cancer cell line with IC50 values of 2.0, 20.0, 11.8, and 22.7 μM...
Mobile Applications to Improve Medication Adherence.

Abstract Background and Introduction: Mobile applications are useful tools to improve medication adherence. As developers continue to improve the features of existing mobile applications, pharmacists should be aware of the current features that are available to patients. There are limited studies available that discuss which applications have the most desirable features. The aim of this study was to compare available mobile applications and identify ideal application features used to improve medication adherence. Materials and Methods: As of September 5, 2014, the search terms “medication adherence” and “medication reminder” generated a total of 225 hits. Ideal application features were used to create an Application Score Card to identify applications with the highest number of ideal features. Results: We identified 30 applications that were written in English, medication related, last updated in 2014, and did not meet any exclusion criteria. The top five applications RxNetwork, Mango Health, MyMeds, C3He...
Nitrogen movement and water quality at a poorly-drained agricultural and riparian site in the Pacific Northwest

Grass seed cropping systems in the Pacific Northwest account for about half of the cool-season forage and turf grass seed production in the world. Grass seed cropping systems are intensely managed with inorganic fertilizers to sustain production. Much of the land where grass seed production occurs in western Oregon is marginally productive for most other crops because of the poorly drained soil conditions. The role of riparian areas bordering grass seed fields in moderating surface water and groundwater quality is not well understood. A study site in western Oregon was instrumented to determine how riparian areas bordering grass seed fields process N and thereby influence water quality. The site consisted of a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seed field, a grass riparian area, and an intermittent creek. Groundwater levels were monitored during the fall of 1995 to the late spring of 1996 and a complete set of samples were collected every two weeks from wells with water and analyzed for NO3- and NH4+. Total fertilizer applied to the crop was 200 kg N ha-1 yr-1. Data indicated a lateral subsurface hydrologic flow path from the cultivated field through the riparian zone, to the creek. Averaged over the season (November 1995 – June 1996), riparian zone A and C horizon groundwater mean NO3- concentration was mostly undetectable and less than 3.8 mg L-1 in the agricultural field. At all sampling dates, the NO3- concentration was higher in the field than in the riparian zone. Seasonal mean groundwater NH4+ concentrations for the riparian and field A and C horizons were ≤0.2 mg L-1. Annual crop net N accumulation was 144 kg N ha-1. Riparian soil electrode potentials (Eh) at 25 and 45 cm averaged -200 to -100 mV during the wet cycle, whereas the field ranged between 0 to +50 mV. Collectively, findings indicate that both crop and riparian processes at the Lake Creek site are responsible for reducing shallow groundwater NO3- to low levels.
Bone Mineral Density Unaffected by Antiepileptics

The effects of valproic acid (VPA) and carbamazepine (CBZ) on bone mineral density were evaluated in 53 children with primary epilepsy treated for longer than 1 year at the Gulhane Military Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
Drying shrinkage in concrete assessed by nonlinear ultrasound

Abstract This research develops a nonlinear ultrasonic (NLU) technique, second harmonic generation (SHG), to monitor the time-dependent microstructural evolution and shrinkage in concrete over a period from 28 to 55 days of age. Drying shrinkage by moisture migration from concrete to its environment causes stress and microcracking and can lead to larger crack formation, which compromises performance. Here, the process of drying is monitored by the SHG method using nonlinear Rayleigh surface waves to obtain the acoustic nonlinearity parameter. The results show large changes in the measured acoustic nonlinearity parameter which is attributed to damage generated during drying shrinkage. Finally, the measured acoustic nonlinearity parameter is used to compare the microstructural condition in hardened concrete as affected by shrinkage mitigation (through the use of shrinkage-reducing admixture) and crack filling (or self-healing) by carbonation.
Impact of Preferential π-Binding in Catalyst-Transfer Polycondensation of Thiazole Derivatives

Polymerizing electron-deficient arenes in a controlled, chain-growth fashion remains a significant challenge despite a decade of research on catalyst-transfer polycondensation. The prevailing hypothesis is that the chain-growth mechanism stalls at a strongly associated metal–polymer π-complex, preventing catalyst turnover. To evaluate this hypothesis, we performed mechanistic studies using thiazole derivatives and identified approaches to improve their chain-growth polymerization. These studies revealed a surprisingly high barrier for chain-walking toward the reactive C–X bond. In addition, a competitive pathway involving chain-transfer to monomer was identified. This pathway is facilitated by ancillary ligand dissociation and N-coordination to the incoming monomer. We found that this chain-transfer pathway can be attenuated by using a rigid ancillary ligand, leading to an improved polymerization. Combined, these studies provide mechanistic insight into the challenges associated with electron-deficient mo...
Commentary on Des Jarlais et al. (2017): Robust public health policies as a way forward in the HIV epidemic.

Effective public health policies in the context of the HIV epidemic are complex, because HIV affects many subgroups that may or may not overlap. However, there is a good case for examining how robust public health policies can positively influence disease trends and the potential lessons that can be applied to high epidemic locales.
Understanding Local Food Consumers: Theory of Planned Behavior and Segmentation Approach

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to examine the antecedents and consequence of consumer attitudes toward local food and to segment these consumers using their food-related lifestyle (FRL)...
Information technology management of university education: Part 1. An overview of university executive functions

This paper considers the role of information technology (IT) in the management of higher education, and in particular the development of an IT–based support system. In order to be able to understand thoroughly this role, the paper describes typical university administrative and management frameworks within which information flows take place and decision processes occur, and discusses a mental model of the role and function of the various university departments and offices. This research is based on the authors' personal experiences at a number of American universities of many institutional types, and with a variety of styles of management.
Off-label immunotherapy prescription: Financial implications for payers and patients.

6Background: Pembrolizumab (PEM) and nivolumab (NIV) are FDA-approved immunotherapy agents for specific indications. These drugs are extremely costly to the health care system, payers, and ultimately, patients, and little is known about their utilization for non-FDA labeled indications (off-label). Methods: We reviewed claims for PEM and NIV using the focalPoint database by onPoint oncology, which provides access to clearinghouse data for 168 community oncology practices and 2000+ providers throughout the US. Clearinghouse data is unique as it links claims data with remittance (payer response) data. ICD codes representing malignancies other than head and neck cancer, melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer ,and claims for 3 indications prior to their FDA-approval were considered off-label. Primary insurance for the patients, as well as patients’ financial responsibility and amounts paid by the insurance were evaluated. Results: A total of 1,570 patients received PEM or NIV from January 1st 2015 to September ...
Morality, Aesthetics, and World Literature in Liang Qichao

Inspired by his reading of Lord Byron's notion of world poetry and Kang Youwei's idea of datong , the ideal of the great world community, Chinese modernist writer Liang Qichao used his fiction to articulate a vision of national cultures constructed on the foundation of equality and mutual respect among nations without one culture dominating others.
The Depth of Hurricane Katrina Imagery: A Longitudinal Study Through the Lens of Commemorative Journalism and Iconicity

This longitudinal research uses content analysis and survey data to consider both news media presentation and audience interpretation of images from the 10-year anniversary of Hurricane Katrina within the theoretical frameworks of iconic imagery and commemorative journalism. The data show that imagery themes, rather than select images, are remembered regarding Hurricane Katrina. Comparing print and digital news as sites of media content, and in consideration of commemorative journalism, the data showed that while print news focused on current visual imagery best classified as “moving forward,” digital news galleries focused on original visual imagery best classified as “looking back,” with internet space functioning in such a way as to make historic images ubiquitous, and, in a sense, permanent.
Shock Train Unsteadiness Characteristics, Oblique-to-Normal Transition, and Three-Dimensional Leading Shock Structure

The structure and unsteadiness characteristics of a shock train in a constant-area ducted flow are studied experimentally as a function of duct back pressure, which is mechanically controlled by a ...
Does Might Make Right? An Experiment on Assigning Property Rights

Abstract This paper investigates the role of property rights in environmental decisions and choices regarding the distribution of income in a downstream water pollution problem. The results confirm that who owns the property rights is a significant determinant of these decisions. More specifically, under certain conditions a property rights owner who suffers the consequences of negative externalities acts, on average, more environmentally friendly than a property rights owner who causes such negative externality. Similarly, when it comes to the distribution of income, the property rights owners who cause negative externalities allocate on average a larger share of the income to themselves.
The Right Tool for the Right Job: Bridging a Failing Fontan to Transplant

Mechanical circulatory support and heart transplantation are both becoming increasingly common among Fontan patients as this growing cohort of patients is reaching young adulthood. Although device placement may present challenges, the new focus is on selecting the correct cannulation sites and devices at the correct time to successfully bridge these challenging patients to heart transplant. Herein, we report the use of a number of mechanical circulatory support strategies tailored to the clinical setting that culminated in 130 days of support before cardiac transplantation of a young adult with a failing Fontan circulation.
Temperature-dependent selective oxidation processes for Ni-5Cr and Ni-4Al

Abstract The selective oxidation of Ni-5Cr and Ni-4 Al alloys is evaluated during high (800 °C) and low (420 °C) temperature exposures with the oxygen partial pressure moderated by a Ni/NiO powder buffer. Internal oxidation of Cr and Al is observed throughout the matrix and at grain boundaries at 800 °C accompanied by the ejection of Ni onto the surface for both. At 420 °C, matrix internal oxidation was eliminated and only Ni-4 Al exhibited intergranular (IG) oxidation. Surprisingly, a protective surface oxide rapidly formed for Ni-5Cr blocking IG oxidation. This is contradictory to results in 330–360 °C hydrogenated water environments where both alloys show IG oxidation.
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and Immunodeficiencies

Primary EBV infections induce either infectious mononucleosis or silent seroconversions (1). In both instances, a persistent latent viral carrier becomes established. Both arms of the immune system are engaged in the primary as well as the persistent EBV infection; B-lymphocytes are an early target of EBV and form the habitat of the persisting viral genome; T-lymphocytes serve to subdue the primary infection and to control the persistent carrier state. It is not surprising, therefore, that immunodeficiencies influence, for better or worse, the interactions of the virus with its host. Study of EBV infections in immunologically compromised individuals should provide pertinent information on the immune mechanism(s) normally responsible for control of the virus. In turn, the EBV-specific serology may serve as another parameter in the assessment of immunocompetence (2).
Econ Majors Score Well on the GMAT Too

Nieswiadomy (1998, 2006) found that economics majors scored well on the Law School Admissions Test (LSAT). Since about four times as many economics majors take the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) than the LSAT, the authors address a similar issue, how well do economics majors perform on the GMAT? They find that the average GMAT score for economics majors is higher than that for any other large (2,200 or more test-takers) humanities and arts, social sciences, or business undergraduate major. However, the GMAT's quantitative content makes it not surprising that science, engineering and mathematics majors have higher average scores than economics majors. Most likely, the analytical rigor of economics courses, the broad nature of economics curricula, and brighter students' self-selection of an economics major combine to contribute to their relatively high performances on the GMAT and the LSAT.
Participant and interventionist perceptions of challenges during behavioral weight loss treatment.

No prior studies have examined how interventionists’ perceptions of participants’ weight control challenges or the agreement between participants and interventionists on these perceptions relate to outcomes during group-based behavioral weight loss treatment. This study characterized participants’ and interventionists’ perceptions of, and agreement about, weight control challenges and assessed how these factors relate to weight loss. Three months into treatment, participants and interventionists independently selected three weight control challenges believed to be most relevant for each participant. Weight was measured at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months. Interventionists and participants had “no” (κ < 0) or “slight” (0 < κ< .20) agreement on most challenges. Although endorsement of certain challenges by participants and/or interventionists was related to 3- and 12-month weight losses, agreement between participants and interventionists was unrelated to weight loss at either time point. Additional research is needed to better understand the role of perceived challenges and participant/interventionist agreement about challenges on treatment outcomes.
Candida Interactions with the Oral Bacterial Microbiota

The human oral cavity is normally colonized by a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, Archaea, viruses, and protozoa. Within the different oral microenvironments these organisms are often found as part of highly organized microbial communities termed biofilms, which display consortial behavior. Formation and maintenance of these biofilms are highly dependent on the direct interactions between the different members of the microbiota, as well as on the released factors that influence the surrounding microbial populations. These complex biofilm dynamics influence oral health and disease. In the latest years there has been an increased recognition of the important role that interkingdom interactions, in particular those between fungi and bacteria, play within the oral cavity. Candida spp., and in particular C. albicans, are among the most important fungi colonizing the oral cavity of humans and have been found to participate in these complex microbial oral biofilms. C. albicans has been reported to interact with individual members of the oral bacterial microbiota, leading to either synergistic or antagonistic relationships. In this review we describe some of the better characterized interactions between Candida spp. and oral bacteria.
EMERGING CHALLENGE OF CORRUPTION IN HEALTH CARE SYSTEM

The corruption is the violence of granted authorities that destroys the basic rights. It has serious consequences on society, system and lives. It also has posed potential threats to the public health care system, complicated the situation and makes extremely difficult to control in rational manner. So, we need the anti-corruption experts to identify key priority areas. They should undertake the corrective measures immediately to defeat the global health corruption. We collected the data from different professional, scientific and academic institution The research article and databases were searched from inception to get more relevant and current knowledge of this topic. The duplications deleted and titles or full texts were screened to obtain the exact professional and scientific information. Finally inferred that the corruption is an emerging global problem and potential threatening the health care system. The hug employment, large financial budget and interactions of multiple business entities provide sufficient opportunities of corruption. So the corruption is metaphorically hurting the quality of life. Therefore, we should perceive its empirical existence to verify theoretical and intuitive significance for public health. Moreover, the recently developed new paradigms may help to determine the severity of corrupt acts to reveal the likelihood of engagement and develop more effective strategy to mitigate all forms of corruption in health care system.of granted authorities that destroys the basic rights. It hasserious consequences on society, system and lives. It also has posed potential threats tothe public health care system, complicated the situation and makes extremely difficult tocontrol in rational manner. So, we need the anti-corruption experts to identify key priorityareas. They should undertake the corrective measures immediately to defeat the globalhealth corruption. We collected the data from different professional, scientific andacademic institution The research article and databases were searched from inception toget more relevant and current knowledge of this topic. The duplications deleted and titlesor full texts were screened to obtain the exact professional and scientific information.Finally inferred that the corruption is an emerging global problem and potential threateningthe health care system. The hug employment, large financial budget and interactions ofmultiple business entities provide sufficient opportunities of corruption. So the corruption ismetaphorically hurting the quality of life. Therefore, we should perceive its empiricalexistence to verify theoretical and intuitive significance for public health. Moreover, therecently developed new paradigms may help to determine the severity of corrupt acts toreveal the likelihood of engagement and develop more effective strategy to mitigate allforms of corruption in health care system.
Broadband Antenna Probe for Microwave EMC Measurements

A simple low-cost microwave log-periodic dipole array is proposed for use in measuring E fields in near as well as far-field EMC investigations. The prototype is built using a standard 62 mil thick 4-layer FR4 stackup and benefits from placing the elements on the internal layers 2 and 3, fed by a microstrip line formed in layers 1 and 2. The prototype operates from approximately 8 to 20 GHz with good return loss (averaging −10 dB) and reasonably flat gain (+1-2 dB). Example applications are described.
Biocultural Conservation and Biocultural Ethics

Sustainable forms of co-inhabitation in this world are not only possibilities; they are actualities. However, for their expression, it is essential to undertake a twofold task: (1) to precisely and severely sanction those agents who act guided by a self-absorbed economic interest threating the sustainability of life, and (2) to decisively defend those traditions of thought and communities who favor the continuity of life in its diversity of biological and cultural expressions. For the second task to be undertaken effectively, it is critical to understand that the conservation of, and the access to, the diverse native habitats is the condition of possibility for the continuity of the diverse and sustainable life habits of communities of co-inhabitants that inhabit them. The conservation of habitats and life habits is so critical that it constitutes an ethical imperative that should be incorporated into government policies as a matter of socio-environmental justice. To implement this ethical imperative, it is essential to reorient global society to foster a culture that achieves a better integration of ontological-, ecosocial-, and ethical-biocultural foundations into education, policies, and governance. This triple integration aims to contribute to more fully understanding pressing socio-environmental problems and to more effectively implement biocultural conservation. In order to contribute to this triple integration, we offer the “3Hs conceptual lens” of the biocultural ethic to re-cognize and re-value the multiplicity of ecological worldviews, practices, and values hosted by diverse cultures in heterogeneous regions of the planet that contribute to the sustainability of life.
Quantum-Assisted Clustering Algorithms for NISQ-Era Devices.

In the NISQ-era of quantum computing, we should not expect to see quantum devices that provide an exponential improvement in runtime for practical problems, due to the lack of error correction and small number of qubits available. Nevertheless, these devices should be able to provide other performance improvements, particularly when combined with existing classical machines. In this article, we develop several hybrid quantum-classical clustering algorithms that can be employed as subroutines on small, NISQ-era devices. These new hybrid algorithms require a number of qubits that is at most logarithmic in the size of the data, provide performance improvement and/or runtime improvement over their classical counterparts, and do not require a black-box oracle. Consequently, we are able to provide a promising near-term application of NISQ-era devices.
Clinical and molecular characteristics of responders versus non-responders to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in NSCLC.

114Background: Evidence from randomized clinical trials and retrospective studies has shown that tumors with specific driver mutations may be less likely to respond to ICI; the optimal timing of IC...
Computational Heat Transfer Platform for Frequency Domain Reliability Design

This paper presents a method to form spatiallyvarying electrothermal impedance frequency response function (FRF) figures using finite element (FE) models of transient heat transfer. It applies a custom sensitivity analysis after intentionally using commercial, computer-aided FE software as a front-end to leverage the accuracy these polished products enable. To illustrate the modeling procedure, spatially-varying FRF surfaces are extracted from a simple model of a discrete wide-bandgap power transistor. Next, a prototype converter is analyzed. Comparison of FRFs from model and experiment allow for identification and diagnosis of model errors using the introduced sensitivity analysis method. The result is a virtual converter prototyping platform for parametrically studying effects of geometry and interfaces, such as wire bonds, on heat transfer dynamics and fatigue-accelerating spatial temperature gradients induced by converter operation.
Readmissions, revisions, and mortality after treatment for proximal humeral fractures in three large states.

Proximal humeral fractures can be treated non-operatively or operatively with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and arthroplasty. Our objective was to assess practice patterns for operative and non-operative treatment of proximal humeral fractures. We also report on complications, readmissions, in-hospital mortality, and need for surgery after initial treatment of proximal humeral fractures in California, Florida, and New York. The State Inpatient Databases and State Emergency Department Databases from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, were used for the states of California (2005–2011), Florida (2005–2014), and New York (2008–2014). Data on patients with proximal humeral fractures was extracted. Patients underwent non-operative or operative (ORIF or arthroplasty) treatment at baseline and were followed for at least 4 years from the index presentation. If the patient needed subsequent surgery, time to event was calculated in days, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted. At the index visit, 90.3% of patients with proximal humeral fractures had non-operative treatment, 6.7% had ORIF, and 3.0% had arthroplasty. 7.6% of patients initially treated non-operatively, 6.6% initially treated with ORIF, and 7.2% initially treated with arthroplasty needed surgery during follow-up. Device complications were the primary reason for readmission in 5.3% of ORIF patients and 6.7% of arthroplasty patients (p < 0.0001). All-cause in-hospital mortality was 9.8% for patients managed non-operatively, 8.8% for ORIF, and 10.0% for arthroplasty (p = 0.003). A majority of patients with proximal humeral fractures underwent non-operative treatment. There was a relatively high all-cause in-hospital mortality irrespective of treatment. Given the recent debate on operative versus non-operative treatment for proximal humeral fractures, our study provides valuable information on the need for revision surgery after initial treatment. The differences in rates of revision surgery between patients treated non-operatively, with ORIF, and with arthroplasty were small in magnitude. At nine years of follow-up, ORIF had the lowest probability of needing follow-up surgery, and arthroplasty had the highest.
Effects of lithium intercalation in twisted bilayer graphene

We investigate the effects of lithium intercalation in twisted bilayers of graphene, using first-principles electronic structure calculations. To model this system we employ commensurate supercells that correspond to twist angles of $7.{34}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ and $2.{45}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$. From the energetics of lithium absorption we demonstrate that for low Li concentration the intercalants cluster in the AA regions with double the density of a uniform distribution. The charge donated by the Li atoms to the graphene layers results in modifications to the band structure that can be qualitatively captured using a continuum model with modified interlayer couplings in a region of parameter space that has yet to be explored either experimentally or theoretically. Thus, the combination of intercalation and twisted layers simultaneously provides the means for spatial control over material properties and an additional knob with which to tune moir\'e physics in twisted bilayers of graphene, with potential applications ranging from energy storage and conversion to quantum information.