cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of simulated dry and wet chilling and aging of beef fat and lean tissues on the reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella.

The efficacy of dry and wet chilling and aging of beef as methods for the reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on lean and fat tissues was studied. Samples were obtained from a harvest facility prior to antimicrobial interventions and were inoculated with a cocktail mixture of E. coli O157:H7 or Salmonella to achieve a target inoculation of 6 log CFU/cm2. Wet chilled and aged samples were then suspended, sprayed (10°C) continuously for 15 min and then sprayed for 1 min every 17 min for 17 h, and vacuum packed after 48 h. Dry chilled and aged samples were suspended in refrigeration (3°C) with an air velocity of 0.25 m/s and a relative humidity of 80%. A large initial reduction of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella was observed, regardless of tissue type and chilling method. Fewer E. coli O157:H7 microorganisms were detected on wet chilled samples at 24 and 36 h; however, plate counts were higher from wet aged samples excised at 7 through 28 days. The final plate counts were 1.03 and 3.67 log CF...
Mechanical Behavior of Electrodeposited Copper Film at Elevated Temperatures

The temperature dependence of the strength of a thin copper electrodeposit has been measured, by microtensile testing, from room temperature to 150 °C. The ultimate tensile strength decreased from around 240 MPa at room temperature to just above 200 MPa at 150 °C. The yield strength followed a similar trend. Elongation to failure increased slightly with temperature. The Young’s modulus, as measured by the unload-load slope, was well below the values expected based on averaging single-crystal elastic constants at all test temperatures. The effect of strain rate on strength at room temperature, using a range of over a decade, was low, with a weak trend upward.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Adaptive Failure Compensation Control of Autonomous Robotic Systems: Application to A Precision Pointing Hexapod

Adaptive compensation control of autonomous robotic systems with uncertain actuator failures is studied in this paper. Autonomous robotic systems are often subject to uncertain actuator failures which can cause performance deterioration. To compensate the effect of such unknown failures, an effective adaptive failure compensation scheme is developed for a general multiple manipulator system model, which guarantees closed-loop stability and asymptotic tracking of a reference output in the presence of system and actuator failure uncertainties. The design and analysis of such an adaptive failure compensation control scheme for a hexapod precision pointing system are presented.
Basic Science in Silica Glass Polishing

Water entered into oxides when the oxides were indented with diamond in the presence of water or water vapor. Similar water entry is expected during silica glass polishing because of the high stress concentration on the glass surface in contact with small abrasive particles. Both chemical and mechanical properties of silica glasses change with water content. Polishing rate of silica in oil-based slurry with diamond abrasive increased with water content in the silica. Since oil has no chemical reactivity with silica, mechanical property degradation with water incorporation must be responsible for the fast polishing rate of the water-containing samples. A plausible mechanism of the polishing of silica is, therefore, water entry into silica under stress and mechanical removal of the altered layer. In the presence of water this process repeats itself.
Analysis and Comparison of EL2 Concentration and Stress Distribution in Undoped LEC-Grown Semi-Insulating GaAs Ingots

Near-IR absorption mapping has been used for polished GaAs wafers (0.5 mm thick) cut at intervals along the seed-to-tail length of (100)-oriented LEC-grown semi-insulating (SI) ingots. Some 2000 points are measured, point by point, over a wafer’s area, usually near 1.0 µm for EL2 mapping, and near 1.4 µm for observation of stress interferograms. For the results presented here (high pressure LEC crystals from a major commercial supplier), stress maps display the fourfold symmetry predicted in thermoelastic models. The EL2 maps do not necessarily display the same symmetry, especially for wafers from near the tail end of an ingot.
POPULATION ANALYSIS OF A HYBRID SWARM BETWEEN GAMBUSIA AFFINIS AND G. HETEROCHIR

Many natural fish hybrids have been reported by Carl L. Hubbs (1955). Most of the known hybrid combinations are based on few specimens. Some localities are known where hybrid frequency is high enough to be considered to represent a hybrid swarm. An analysis of the population of one such hybrid swarm is presented below. This hybrid swarm and degree of parental relation was reported in a previous paper (Hubbs, 1957a). One parental species, G. heterochir Hubbs, is restricted to the hybrid area in Clear Creek, Menard County, Texas. Its abundance is correlated with the distribution of a species of Ceratophyllum and the distribution of this plant is correlated with the relatively low water pH there. The low pH in turn is probably dependent upon Permian inliers in Cretaceous strata (Hubbs, 1957b). The other parental species, G. affinis (Baird and Girard), is widely distributed in the southeastern United States where it occupies a variety of habitats. In Texas and northern Mexico it is notably absent from clear spring waters inhabited by other gambusiine fishes. However, it occupies this habitat in the absence of related species. In some spring localities (i.e., in Graham Ranch Warm Springs in Brewster County, Texas) G. affinis is replacing endemic stocks of G. gaigei Hubbs and in others G. affinis is being replaced by introduced stocks of G. geiseri Hubbs and Hubbs (Hubbs and Springer, 1957). MATERIALS AND METHODS
NOx and mechanical degradation of blown extruded nylon-6 film

Non-oriented blown extruded nylon-6 film experiences a significant degradation in tensile properties when exposed to the common industrial air pollutants, nitrogen oxides (NO,). The extent of degradation was found to increase with increasing NO, concentration and exposure time, but was found to be largely unaffected by the state of stress of the material during exposure. This demonstrates that non-oriented nylon-6 film does not experience a synergism between an applied load and exposure to NO,, as is seen in highly oriented nylon-6 fibers [1]. Viewed microscopically, the degradation is seen to be a diffusion controlled, oxidative, surface embrittlement phenomena.
Heterodyne photodetection measurements on cavity optomechanical systems: Interpretation of sideband asymmetry and limits to a classical explanation

We consider a system where an optical cavity mode is parametrically coupled to a mechanical oscillator. A laser beam driving the cavity at its resonance frequency will acquire red- and blue-shifted sidebands due to noise in the position of the mechanical oscillator. In a classical theory without noise in the electromagnetic field, the powers of these sidebands are of equal magnitude. In a quantum theory, however, an asymmetry between the sidebands can be resolved when the oscillator's average number of vibrational excitations (phonons) becomes small, i.e., comparable to 1. We discuss the interpretation of this sideband asymmetry in a heterodyne photodetection measurement scheme and show that it depends on the choice of detector model. In the optical regime, standard photodetection theory leads to a photocurrent noise spectrum given by normal- and time-ordered expectation values. The sideband asymmetry is in that case a direct reflection of the quantum asymmetry of the position noise spectrum of the mechanical oscillator. Conversely, for a detector that measures symmetric, nonordered expectation values, we show that the sideband asymmetry can be traced back to quantum optomechanical interference terms. This ambiguity in interpretation applies not only to mechanical oscillators, but to any degree of freedom that couples linearly to noise in the electromagnetic field. Finally, we also compare the quantum theory to a fully classical model, where sideband asymmetry can arise from classical optomechanical interference terms. We show that, due to the oscillator's lack of zero-point motion in a classical theory, the sidebands in the photocurrent spectrum differ qualitatively from those of a quantum theory at sufficiently low temperatures. We discuss the observable consequences of this deviation between classical and quantum theories.
The Theory of Partitions: A General Theory of Partition Identities

Introduction The results in Chapter 7 indicate that a general study of partition identities such as the Rogers–Ramanujan identities or the Gollnitz–Gordon identities should help to illuminate these appealing but seemingly unmotivated theorems. In this chapter we shall undertake the foundations of this study. As will become abundantly clear, there are very few truly satisfactory answers to the questions that we shall examine. We shall instead have to settle for partial answers. After presenting the fundamental structure of such problems in the next section, we devote Section 8.3 to “partition ideals of order 1,” a topic which we can handle adequately and which suggests the type of answers we would like for our general questions of Section 8.2. The final section of the chapter describes a large class of partition problems wherein the related generating function satisfies a linear homogeneous q -difference equation with polynomial coefficients. In some ways this final section is unsatisfactory, in that the theory of q -difference equations has not been adequately developed to provide answers generally to questions about partition identities and partition asymptotics; however, the theorems of Section 8.4 do suggest that q -difference equations are indeed worthy of future research. Foundations We begin with a simple intuitive observation which forms the basis of our work here. In all the partition identities considered in Chapter 7 (Theorem 7.5, Corollaries 7.6 and 7.7, Theorem 7.11) partition functions were considered that enumerated partitions lying in some subset C of the set of all partitions.
ODD Symptom Network during Preschool

Several different conceptualizations of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) symptoms have been proposed, including one undivided set of symptoms (DSM-IV-TR; APA 2000); two domains of symptoms subdivided into affective and behavioral; and three domains of symptoms subdivided as angry/irritable, argumentative/defiant, and spiteful. The current study utilizes a novel approach to examining the division of ODD symptoms through use of network analysis. Participants were 109 preschoolers (64 male) between the ages of three and six (M = 4.34 years, SD = 1.08) and their parents and teachers/caregivers, who provided ratings of ODD symptoms. Results are consistent with one-, two-, and three- cluster solutions of ODD, but perhaps provide most support for the three-cluster solution. In addition, results support the idea that negative affect, particularly anger, forms the core of the ODD symptom network during preschool. These results suggest the importance of targeting anger in preschool interventions for ODD.
Deep neural network for RFID-based activity recognition

We propose a Deep Neural Network (DNN) structure for RFID-based activity recognition. RFID data collected from several reader antennas with overlapping coverage have potential spatiotemporal relationships that can be used for object tracking. We augmented the standard fully-connected DNN structure with additional pooling layers to extract the most representative features. For model training and testing, we used RFID data from 12 tagged objects collected during 25 actual trauma resuscitations. Our results showed 76% recognition micro-accuracy for 7 resuscitation activities and 85% average micro-accuracy for 5 resuscitation phases, which is similar to existing system that, however, require the user to wear an RFID antenna.
Investigation of RF field penetrability of a novel electrically floating PET insert for PET/MR

Combined positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown potential to provide a powerful tool for disease characterization as it enables the simultaneous measurement of molecular, functional and anatomical information of the body. However, the availability of whole-body simultaneous PET/MRI has been limited by its high cost. To address this issue, we have developed an RF-penetrable PET technology that can be inserted into an MRI system without requiring modifications to the MR hardware. The prototype PET insert consists of 16 PET detector modules in a 32 cm ring pattern with 1 mm inter-modular gaps. By using electro-optical coupling technology, and batteries for power, the PET insert is electrically floating relative to the MRI RF ground which allows the RF field transmitted from the built-in body coil to penetrate through the PET ring. We performed experiments with various configurations to study the RF-penetrability of the PET insert in the MR system: No PET insert, with PET insert (powered with batteries), with PET ring gaps blocked with copper conductor but ends open, and with PET inserted, ends blocked with copper conductor but gaps open. With these configurations, we acquired B 1 maps and performed electromagnetic simulations. We then compared the magnitude and homogeneity of the acquired B 1 maps and simulation results. We have found that negligible amount of RF field enters through the gaps with the ends blocked, but this contributes to increasing the uniformity by ∼400% when ends and gaps are both open. Then, the electromagnetic simulations show that by either decreasing the detector height and/or widening the inter-module gaps improve the RF-penetrability by nearly 300%.
IL-17 mediates neutrophil infiltration and renal fibrosis following recovery from ischemia reperfusion:compensatory role of Natural Killer cells in athymic rats

T cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) and its progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previous studies suggest that Th17 cells participate during the AK...
The degrees of freedom of the 2×2×2 interference network with delayed CSIT and with limited Shannon feedback

The 2×2×2 interference network, which is a layered two-hop, two-user interference channel, consists of two transmitters, two relays, and two receivers with both the first hop network between the transmitters and the relays and the second hop network between the relays and the receivers being i.i.d. Rayleigh fading Gaussian interference channels. Two feedback models are studied. In the first one, called the delayed channel state information at the transmitters (delayed CSIT) model, the transmitters are assumed to know the first and second hop channel coefficients with a finite delay but the relays have no side information whatsoever. In the second feedback model, referred to as the limited Shannon feedback model, one of the two relays knows the first and second hop channel coefficients with a finite delay and the received signal of one of the receivers with a finite delay and the other relay and the transmitters have no side information whatsoever. It is shown in this paper that under both these settings, the 2×2×2 interference network has 4/3 degrees of freedom. The result is obtained by developing a broadcast-channel-type upper-bound and two new achievability schemes termed retro-cooperative interference alignment. Generalizations of the results are provided for networks with multiple but fully-connected layers, multiple relays per layer, and M-antenna source and destination terminals with the total number of antennas at the relays being no less than 2M.
A structural and thermal study of an oscillating vibration damper

An elastomeric vibration damper experiencing cyclic loading within a helicopter rotor blade assembly is analysed to better understand its thermal characteristics. Experimental testing shows that elevated temperatures contribute to the degradation of the elastomer and adhesive system, shortening service life. The statistical approach of 'Designed Experimentation' is used to combine numerous design and environmental variables to find maximum temperatures within the damper. Both structural and thermal finite element analyses are used within the designed experiment to determine high temperatures of the damper for each of several trials. The designed experiment then ranks each variable in order of importance in creating high temperatures within the damper.
Dental Homes for Older Americans: The Santa Fe Group Call for Removal of the Dental Exclusion in Medicare.

The author argues that the dental exclusion in Medicare should be removed in order to allow inclusion of dental care in Medicare Part B, open doors to dental homes for seniors, and promote the integration of oral health care with the rest of the health care system. Topics include the impact of oral health care disparities on quality of life for older persons, the cost efficiency of preventive dental care versus costly emergency procedures, and dental care use rates among older adults in the U.S.
Optimizing natural killer cell doses for heterogeneous cancer patients on the basis of multiple event times

A sequentially adaptive Bayesian design is presented for a clinical trial of cord blood derived natural killer cells to treat severe hematologic malignancies. Given six prognostic subgroups defined by disease type and severity, the goal is to optimize cell dose in each subgroup. The trial has five co-primary outcomes, the times to severe toxicity, cytokine release syndrome, disease progression or response, and death. The design assumes a multivariate Weibull regression model, with marginals depending on dose, subgroup, and patient frailties that induce association among the event times. Utilities of all possible combinations of the nonfatal outcomes over the first 100 days following cell infusion are elicited, with posterior mean utility used as a criterion to optimize dose. For each subgroup, the design stops accrual to doses having an unacceptably high death rate, and at the end of the trial selects the optimal safe dose. A simulation study is presented to validate the design's safety, ability to identify optimal doses, and robustness, and to compare it to a simplified design that ignores patient heterogeneity.
Instructional Video and Medical Student Surgical Knot-Tying Proficiency: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Many senior medical students lack simple surgical and procedural skills such as knot tying. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether viewing a Web-based expert knot-tying training video, in addition to the standard third-year medical student curriculum, will result in more proficient surgical knot tying. Methods: At the start of their obstetrics and gynecology clerkship, 45 students were videotaped tying surgical knots for 2 minutes using a board model. Two blinded female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery physicians evaluated proficiency with a standard checklist (score range 0-16) and anchored scoring scale (range 0-20); higher numbers represent better skill. Students were then randomized to either (1) expert video (n=26) or (2) nonvideo (n=24) groups. The video group was provided unlimited access to an expert knot-tying instructional video. At the completion of the clerkship, students were again videotaped and evaluated. Results: At initial evaluation, preclerkship cumulative scores (range 0-36) on the standard checklist and anchored scale were not significantly different between the nonvideo and video groups (mean 20.3, SD 7.1 vs mean 20.2, SD 9.2, P=.90, respectively). Postclerkship scores improved in both the nonvideo and video groups (mean 28.4, SD 5.4, P<.001 and mean 28.7, SD 6.5, P=.004, respectively). Increased knot board practice was significantly correlated with higher postclerkship scores on the knot-tying task, but only in the video group (r=.47, P<.05). Conclusions: The addition of a Web-based expert instructional video to a standard curriculum, coupled with knot board practice, appears to have a positive impact on medical student knot-tying proficiency.
A CROSS-HOLE SEISMIC INVESTIGATION OF A ROCK MASS

ABSTRACT A cross-hole high-frequency acoustic investigation of a granitic rock mass subjected to sustained heating is reported. Compressional and shear-wave velocity measurements along four different paths between four vertical boreholes made prior to turning on the heater, during 398 days of heating and after the heater was turned off correlated well with the presence of fracture zones, in which the fractures were closed by thermal expansion of the rock upon heating. When the rock mass cooled, the velocity measurements indicated a greater intensity of fracturing than had existed prior to heating. Laboratory compressional and shear-wave velocity measurements have been made on intact rock specimens obtained from the site and subjected to axial stress. When used to interpret the increases in velocities measured in the field upon heating the rock mass, increases in horizontal normal stresses to between 30 and 40 MPa were inferred. Increases of these magnitudes agree with stress measurements made by the other techniques. The ratio of measured compressional to shear-wave velocity appears to provide a sensitive measure of the fraction of crack porosity containing water or gas.
CELLULAR PARAMETERS OF THE TOLERANT STATE INDUCED TO HUMAN γ GLOBULIN IN MICE AND OF ITS MODULATION BY BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the cellular parameters of a tolerant state in mice to human γ globulin and its modulation by bacterial lipopolysaccharides. The theoretical genesis for the concept of clonal elimination stems from the necessity to provide a means for the biological basis of self-non-self discrimination. If the immune system can be viewed as a functional network of finely attuned regulatory mechanisms that suppresses rather than eliminates the potential for detrimental reactions, then the necessity for clonal deletion as the pathway by which self fails to be recognized may not be a biological prerequisite. Nevertheless, an attraction still exists for the evolutionary selection of a recognition system that can respond either positively or negatively depending on the conditions of interactions between cells and antigens. In this regard, an ontogenetic basis for self tolerance could be viewed as occurring at a stage in the course of lymphoid cell differentiation when a negative response is the only consequence that can result from a specific interaction between lymphocyte and antigen.
Process-Structure-Property Relationships for Design of Polymer Organic Electronics Manufacturing

Abstract Conjugated semiconducting polymers present a new paradigm in electronics manufacturing. Examination of structure-property relationships in poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), a workhorse semiconducting polymer, has indicated that highly ordered crystals with long range interconnectivity exhibit the highest charge carrier mobility. Here we demonstrated the utility of using structural characterization to probe for tie chains, chains that tie together crystalline domains. P3HT nucleated via UV-irradiation was mixed with non-nucleated P3HT in a continuous flow system in which the flow rate and recollection tube length were varied. The setting with the lowest flow rate and shear rate (LL:LF) displayed the highest charge carrier mobility. This was associated with a trade-off between the quantity of fibril bundles formed and the interconnectivity. Comparable batch studies with solution aging exhibited higher mobilities than the flow system. The lack of correlations between the orientational order parameter and fiber packing density to charge mobility demonstrated that the structural design space is multidimensional and requires numerous structural metrics.
The social patterning of electronic nicotine delivery system use among US adults.

Abstract There is little research examining the social patterning of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use. This study investigated the association between socioeconomic status (SES) (education, income, and employment status) and current and former ENDS use. Data were collected from 2561 participants from the American Heart Association Tobacco Regulatory and Addiction Center (A-TRAC) online survey. Participants were 18–64 years old and reported demographic, SES, and ENDS use. Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR 95% confidence interval-CI) of participants' current and former (vs. never) ENDS use. Models were adjusted for age, sex, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, marital status, and reasons for ENDS use. In the unadjusted analysis, ENDS use was primarily patterned by education and employment status. College educated persons (vs. those with less than a high school diploma) had a 37% greater prevalence of current ENDS use (PR 1.37, 95% CI 1.20–1.55), and a 16% greater prevalence of former ENDS use (PR 1.16, 95% CI 1.06–1.28) in the fully-adjusted model. Persons with household incomes above $90 K (vs. less than $20,000) had a greater prevalence of current (PR 1.30, 95% CI 1.19–1.41) and former (PR 1.17, 95% CI 1.05–1.30) ENDS use. Those who were employed (vs. not employed) had a 13% greater prevalence of current ENDS use (PR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07–1.19) after full adjustment. Higher SES (vs. lower SES) persons were more likely to use ENDS.
Total Effects of Privatization: Evidence from Turkey:

I examine effects of the privatization process as a whole in Turkey. I show that the privatization process begins before the firm is sold to private agents. I find that privatization causes the fir...
The Role of Accounting Information in Optimal Debt Contracts with Informed Lenders

ABSTRACT We analyze the role of accounting information in debt contracting when the lender has private information that can assist in the borrower's investment decision. The lender might have acqui...
Trading Basis Part 2

The Credit Default Swap (CDS) market is still fairly young. As a result, there are some areas that have not yet been fully investigated. One of those areas is the behavior of the Cheapest to Deliver Option (CTD) embedded within the CDS contract. Fluctuations in the CTD translate into changes in the ?Basis?, the visible difference between the credit spread of a bond and its CDS. The aim of this paper is to develop a trading strategy that profits from fluctuations in the value of the CTD. To do this, we try to shed some light on the factors affecting the CTD within Emerging Markets (EM) Sovereigns Bonds. We propose a stylized closed-form Black-Scholes framework that identifies those factors which are likely to be most important. We run statistical tests to verify the validity of this approach and develop a Monte Carlo simulation model to put a value on the CTD. We find that the statistical tests give credence to the Black-Scholes formulation and are corroborated by the implications of the Monte Carlo model. The resulting trading strategy is highly profitable. We also discuss some potentially important ancillary results, relating to a method for obtaining the implied market values for both bond default probabilities and recovery rates.
Structural compatibility of thin film sensors embedded in a composite laminate

Wind turbines and aircraft structures require smooth surfaces due to the aerodynamic requirement. The surface mounted transducers for structural health monitoring disturbs the airflow over the surface. Embedding the sensors in the structures is a viable solution, which also leads to the self-protection and shielding of the sensors. A brief review of techniques to embed the sensors and their wiring is provided. Materials like piezo-polymers, nanocomposites, macro-fiber composites and ceramics have been investigated for the compatibility with composite laminate. The atomistic-continuum, micromechanics and finite element based approaches used to derive the effective properties of nanocomposites have been discussed. With the capability to change the density and stiffness of nanocomposites, the possibilities of very high compatibility with the host structure are explored. The relation of compatibility with the material parameters like density, axial stiffness, coupling stiffness and flexural stiffness has been discussed. We present the effect of embedding thin film sensors on the dynamic response of a composite laminated beam using a spectral finite element model. The change in stiffness and natural frequencies have been quantified. The study provides a strong base to design embedded sensing technology for advanced structures made of composite laminates and sandwich sections.
Determining the effect of abnormal temperatures on the housing market

Extreme weather events have increased in frequency and are expected to grow in intensity over time. To examine perceptions of this abnormal weather, I model the relationship between degree days and...
Enhancing Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Efficacy in Solid Tumors

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has been acclaimed as a revolution in cancer treatment following the impressive results in hematologic malignancies. Unfortunately, in patients with solid tumors, objectives responses to CAR T cells are still anecdotal, and important issues are driven by on-target but off-tumor activity of CAR T cells and by the extremely complex biology of solid tumors. Here, we will review the recent attempts to challenge the therapeutic impediments to CAR T-cell therapy in solid tumors. We will focus on the most promising strategies of antigen targeting to improve tumor specificity and address the tumor heterogeneity, efforts to circumvent the physical barriers of the tumor architecture such as subverted tumor vasculature, impediments of CAR T-cell trafficking and immune suppressive microenvironment.
Early Liver Transplantation for Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis

Although alcohol-associated liver disease has long been a major component of the liver disease landscape, it was overshadowed by chronic hepatitis C until recently. Nevertheless, with the declining incidence of hepatitis C in the wake of highly effective antiviral therapy, attention has shifted to the increasing burden of alcohol-associated liver disease. The incidence of advanced alcohol-associated liver disease, including acute alcoholic hepatitis and alcohol-associated cirrhosis, is rising in parallel with increasing rates of alcohol use disorders. As a result, alcohol-associated liver disease is now one of the most common indications for liver transplantation. Rates of liver transplantation for acute alcoholic hepatitis are rising as well in spite of the sparse guidance regarding candidate selection, counseling, postoperative care, long-term follow-up, and other best practices. To this day, liver transplant for acute alcoholic hepatitis remains a hotly debated clinical controversy.
The Title IX Industrial Complex and the Rape of Due Process and Academic Freedom

This essay is both a discussion of Laura Kipnis’ book, Unwanted Advances, and a philosophical–ethical assessment of the Title IX Industrial Complex which is the primary topic of Kipnis’ book.
Effect of Undersampling on Non-Negative Blind Deconvolution with Autoregressive Filters

This paper considers the problem of blind deconvolution where the input signal is non-negative and sparse, and the unknown convolutional kernel is a first order autoregressive filter. Our objective is to understand if it is possible to recover both the signal and the kernel from downsampled measurements of their convolution. This work is motivated by the problem of neural spike deconvolution from calcium imaging, where it is desirable to recover spikes at a higher rate from uniformly undersampled measurements. Assuming that the signals are generated according to a Bernoulli model, we show that it is possible to uniquely identify both the signal and the kernel with high probability using only O s measurements, where s is the expected sparsity. The key p qidea is to exploit non-negative constraints on the input signal as well as the parametric structure of the kernel.1
How I treat relapsed or refractory AML

Treatment of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has presented challenges for hematologists for decades. Despite numerous clinical studies, outcomes are consistently disappointing with 5-year overall survival rates of ∼10%. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation at the time of second complete remission remains the only reliable option with curative potential. However, recent approval of several new agents has transformed treatment paradigms that had been in place for almost half a century in AML. This new therapeutic landscape provides the opportunity to revisit the approach to relapsed or refractory AML. Through illustrative cases, we describe our approach, which increasingly relies on specific disease biology. We focus on treatment outside of the context of clinical trials because such trials are not available in most parts of the world. Primarily, we consider age, fitness to tolerate intensive chemotherapy, remission duration, and presence of a targetable mutation to guide treatment. The coming years will inevitably bring new targets and agents that may prove most effective when combined with each other and/or chemotherapy. Future studies are needed to determine how best to implement this evolving armamentarium of treatment options, to elucidate mechanisms of resistance, and to continue the pursuit of novel drug discovery.
Development of a Telemedicine Neurological Examination for Spine Surgery: A Pilot Trial.

Study design This was a prospective cohort study. Objective The objective of this study was to design and test a novel spine neurological examination adapted for telemedicine. Summary of background data Telemedicine is a rapidly evolving technology associated with numerous potential benefits for health care, especially in the modern era of value-based care. To date, no studies have assessed whether. Methods Twenty-one healthy controls and 20 patients with cervical or lumbar spinal disease (D) were prospectively enrolled. Each patient underwent a telemedicine neurological examination as well as a traditional in-person neurological examination administered by a fellowship trained spine surgeon and a physiatrist. Both the telemedicine and in-person tests consisted of motor, sensory, and special test components. Scores were compared via univariate analysis and secondary qualitative outcomes, including responses from a satisfaction survey, were obtained upon completion of the trial. Results Of the 20 patients in the D group, 9 patients had cervical disease and 11 patients had lumbar disease. Comparing healthy control with the D group, there were no significant differences with respect to all motor scores, most sensory scores, and all special tests. There was a high rate of satisfaction among the cohort with 92.7% of participants feeling "very satisfied" with the overall experience. Conclusions This study presents the development of a viable neurological spine examination adapted for telemedicine. The findings in this study suggest that patients have comparable motor, sensory, and special test scores with telemedicine as with a traditional in-person examination administered by an experienced clinician, as well as reporting a high rate of satisfaction among participants. To our knowledge, this is the first telemedicine neurological examination for spine surgery. Further studies are warranted to validate these findings.
Chronic strongyloidiasis: a case of B symptoms and recurrent asthma exacerbations.

Strongyloidiasis is one of the neglected helminths infection that is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Due to its variable presentation, its diagnosis is often a challenge. We report a case of an immigrant patient with asthma who later developed eosinophilia. After 3 years of unexplained eosinophilia, he developed B symptoms and had frequent asthma exacerbations. He was later diagnosed with strongyloidiasis and treated with ivermectin. His B symptoms resolved, and his asthma exacerbations decreased significantly. Due to the frequent use of corticosteroids in asthma exacerbations, this case illustrates the importance of Strongyloides screening in asthmatics from high-risk regions. It also displays the importance of further investigating patients with asthma who develop eosinophilia and have frequent exacerbations while on optimal asthma treatment. Having a high index of suspicion is essential when making this diagnosis, as clinical presentation is often variable and does not follow a standard time course.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae subverts formin-dependent actin polymerization to colonize human macrophages

Dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton dictates plasma membrane morphology and is frequently subverted by bacterial pathogens for entry and colonization of host cells. The human-adapted bacterial pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae can colonize and replicate when cultured with human macrophages, however the basic understanding of how this process occurs is incomplete. N. gonorrhoeae is the etiological agent of the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea and tissue resident macrophages are present in the urogenital mucosa which is colonized by the bacteria. We uncovered that when gonococci colonize macrophages they can establish an intracellular or a cell surface-associated niche that support bacterial replication independently. Unlike other intracellular bacterial pathogens, which enter host cells as single bacterium, establish an intracellular niche and then replicate, gonococci invade human macrophages as a colony. Individual diplococci are rapidly phagocytosed by macrophages and transported to lysosomes for degradation. However, we found that surface-associated gonococcal colonies of various sizes can invade macrophages by triggering actin skeleton rearrangement resulting in plasma membrane invaginations that slowly engulf the colony. The resulting intracellular membrane-bound organelle supports robust bacterial replication. The gonococci-occupied vacuoles evaded fusion with the endosomal compartment and were enveloped by a network of actin filaments. We demonstrate that gonococcal colonies invade macrophages via a process mechanistically distinct from phagocytosis that is regulated by the actin nucleating factor FMNL3. Our work provides insights into the gonococci life-cycle in association with human macrophages and defines key host determinants for macrophage colonization.
Éponges, pommes ou amandes dans l’isthme du gosier

Resume L’ablation des amygdales est l’une des chirurgies les plus pratiquees chez l’enfant. L’objectif de cette notice historique est d’analyser la premiere description de cette chirurgie, comprendre les premiers termes utilises pour nommer l’amygdale, et decrire les premiers instruments utilises dans cette chirurgie.
Morphological processing and individual frequency effects in L1 and L2 Spanish

Surface frequency and proficiency modulate visual morphological processing in second language (L2) learners, but less is known about auditory morphological processing. Moreover, working memory (WM) affects morphosyntactic processing, but it is unclear whether it also modulates word structure processing. In the present study, Spanish monolinguals and beginner and advanced L2 learners of Spanish completed an auditory lexical decision task in Spanish containing verbs varying in morphological complexity, an individual lexical frequency task, and a working memory task. Beginner L2 learners needed more time to process infrequent morphologically complex words, but monolinguals and advanced L2 learners were unaffected by morphological complexity or surface frequency. Also, WM did not modulate morphological processing. Taken together, the findings suggest a dual-route mechanism at initial stages of L2 acquisition and a whole-word route for Spanish monolinguals and advanced L2 learners. The findings also support the extension of dual-route models to L2 populations and suggest that the selection of a morphological processing route results from linguistic rather than cognitive reasons
Density functional theory of superfluid helium at finite temperatures

A density functional theory-based method is developed to describe the static and dynamic response of superfluid helium at finite temperatures. The model relies on the well-established 0 K Orsay–Trento functional, which has been extensively used to study the response of bulk superfluid helium as well as superfluid helium droplets. By including a phenomenological stochastic term in this model, it is possible to obtain thermodynamic equilibrium corresponding to a given temperature by propagating the system in imaginary time. The temperature dependence of thermodynamic quantities, such as the internal energy and entropy, is computed and is compared well with experimental reference data for the bulk liquid up to about 2 K, but begins to gradually deviate above that temperature. Inspection of pseudovorticity during real-time evolution of the system near 2 K reveals the presence of roton quasiparticles, which are suggested to be precursors for quantized vortex rings (Onsager’s ghosts), as well as weaker analogs of extended vortex loops.
Distortion Energy for Deep Learning-Based Volumetric Finite Element Mesh Generation for Aortic Valves.

Volumetric meshes with hexahedral elements are generally best for stress analysis using finite element (FE) methods. With recent interests in finite element analysis (FEA) for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) simulations, fast and accurate generation of patient-specific volumetric meshes of the aortic valve is highly desired. Yet, most existing automated image-to-mesh valve modeling strategies have either only produced surface meshes or relied on simple offset operations to obtain volumetric meshes, which can lead to undesirable artifacts. Furthermore, most recent advances in deep learning-based meshing techniques have focused on watertight surface meshes, not volumetric meshes. To fill this gap, we propose a novel volumetric mesh generation technique using template-preserving distortion energies under the deep learning-based deformation framework. Our model is trained end-to-end for image-to-mesh prediction, and our mesh outputs have good spatial accuracy and element quality. We check the FEA-suitability of our model-predicted meshes using a valve closure simulation. Our code is available at https://github.com/danpak94/Deep-Cardiac-Volumetric-Mesh.
A density-dependent multi-species model to assess groundwater flow and nutrient transport in the coastal Keauhou aquifer, Hawai‘i, USA

Fresh groundwater is a critical resource supporting coastal ecosystems that rely on low-salinity, nutrient-rich groundwater discharge. This resource, however, is subject to contamination from point- and nonpoint-sources such as on-site sewage disposal systems (OSDS) and urban developments. Thus, the significance of flow and transport processes near the coastline due to density effects and water circulation in a complex hydrogeologic system was investigated. A three-dimensional, density-dependent groundwater model was developed for the Keauhou basal aquifer (Hawai‘i Island, USA), where hydraulic head, salinity, nutrient concentrations, and submarine spring flux rates were used as calibration variables to best constrain parameters and produce a comprehensive aquifer management tool. In contrast, a freshwater-only model failed to properly simulate nutrient transport, despite the reasonable success in calibrating hydraulic head measurements. An unrealistic value for hydraulic conductivity was necessary for freshwater-only calibration, proving that hydraulic conductivity is a process-based variable (i.e., depends on model conceptualization and the simulated processes). The density-dependent model was applied to assess relative contaminant source contributions, and to evaluate aquifer response concerning water levels and quality due to changing environmental conditions. Nutrients detected in the aquifer are primarily sourced from OSDS, which was supported by a nitrogen isotope mixing model. Additionally, effects of sea-level rise emphasized the complexity of the study site and the importance of model boundaries. While the model is developed and applied for West Hawai‘i, the adapted approaches and procedures and research findings are applicable to other coastal aquifers.
Methods and future directions for paleoclimatology in the Maya Lowlands

A growing body of paleoclimate data indicates that periods of severe drought affected the Maya Lowlands of southeastern Mexico and northern Central America, especially during the Terminal Classic period (ca. 800–950 CE), raising the possibility that climate change contributed to the widespread collapse of many Maya polities at that time. A broad range of paleoclimate proxy methods have been applied in the Maya Lowlands and the data derived from these methods are sometimes challenging for archeologists and other non-specialists to interpret. This paper reviews the principal methods used for paleoclimate inference in the region and the rationale for climate proxy interpretation to help researchers working in the Maya Lowlands make sense of paleoclimate datasets. In particular, we focus on analyses of speleothems and lake sediment cores. These two paleoclimate archives have been most widely applied in the Maya Lowlands and have the greatest potential to provide insights into climate change impacts on the ancient Maya. We discuss the development of chronologies for these climate archives, the proxies for past climate change found within them, and how these proxy variables are interpreted. Finally, we present strategies for improving our understanding of proxy paleoclimate data from the Maya Lowlands, including multi-proxy analyses, assessment of spatial variability in past climate change, combined analysis of climate models and proxy data, and the integration of paleoclimatology and archeology.
The Study of Error.

It is curious, I think, that with all the current interest in “ Basic Writing,” little attention has been paid to the most basic question: What is it? What is “ basic writing,” that is, if the term is to refer to a phenomenon, an activity, something a writer does or has done, rather than to a course of instruction? We know that across the country students take tests of one sort or another and are placed in courses that bear the title, “ Basic Writing.” But all we know is that there are students taking courses. We know little about their performance as writers, beyond the bald fact that they fail to do what other, conventionally successful, writers do. We don’ t, then, have an adequate description of the variety of writing we call “ basic.”
Defective T particles of vesicular stomatitis virus. II. Biologic role in homologous interference.

Abstract Defective T particles partially purified from undiluted-passage stocks of Indiana serotype vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV up ) markedly interfered with growth of homotypic infectious B particles in Krebs-2 mouse ascites tumor cells. Interfering activity was much less effective against the New Jersey serotype of VSV and was absent against heterologous encephalomyocarditis virus. Sensitivity of T to ultraviolet irradiation suggests that its RNA must be functional for interference to be manifested. This restricted interfering action of T is not mediated by interferon production nor does it depend on inhibition of attachment, penetration, maturation, or release of plaque-forming B particles. The interfering event appears to take place during an early stage of viral protein and RNA synthesis in the replicative cycle of B.