cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Posttranslational modifications of rat proenkephalin overexpressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells.

Rat proenkephalin was overexpressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells using the dihydrofolate reductasecoupled genetic amplification method. About 2 mg purified protein could be obtained from 250 ml conditioned medium; multiple successive harvests could be obtained from the same roller bottle. Degradation of proenkephalin released into the conditioned medium was reduced significantly in the presence of 2% fetal bovine serum. Forty-eight percent of recombinant proenkephalin was glycosylated; glycosylation could be entirely prevented by the addition of tunicamycin. Two-dimensional isoelectric focusing experiments showed that recombinant proenkephalin exhibited considerable charge heterogeneity, with two major unglycosylated isoelectric forms and six or seven glycosylated isoelectric forms. The estimated isoelectric points of the major unglycosylated proenkephalins were 6.0 and 6.1, while glycosylated proenkephalins ranged in pi from 5.7–6.1. Some of this isoelectric heterogeneity is due to phosphorylation; [32...
Magneto-transport properties of MOVPE-grown AlxGa1-xN/AlN/GaN heterostructures with high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas

We study Al x Ga 1-x N/AlN/GaN heterostructures with a two-dimensional-electron-gas (2DEG) grown on different GaN templates using low-temperature magneto-transport measurements. Heterostructures with different Al compositions are grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) on three different templates; conventional undoped GaN (u- GaN), epitaxial lateral overgrown GaN (ELO-GaN), and in situ ELO-GaN using a Si x N y nanomask layer (SiN-GaN). Field-dependent magneto-resistance and Hall measurements indicated that in addition to 2DEG, the overgrown heterostructures had a parallel conducting layer. The contact resistance for the parallel channels was large so that it introduced errors in the quantitative mobility spectrum analysis (QMSA) of the data. Notwithstanding complexities introduced by parallel conducting channels in mobility analysis in SiN-GaN and ELO-GaN samples, we were able to observe Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations in all samples, which confirmed the existence of 2DEGs. To characterize the parallel channel, we repeated the transport measurements after the removal of the 2DEG by etching the heterostructure. The 2DEG carrier density values were extracted from the SdH data, whereas the zero-field 2DEG conductivity was determined by subtracting the parallel channel conductivity from the total conductivity. The resulting 2DEG mobility was significantly higher (about a factor of 2) in the ELO-GaN and SiN-GaN samples as compared to the standard control sample. The mobility enhancement is attributed to the threading dislocation reduction by both ELO techniques.
On the formation of framework indium sulfides

Novel layered and open framework indium sulfide organic/inorganic hybrid materials have been synthesized via hydro- and solvo-thermal techniques. Considerable structural diversity within this family of compounds is realized through a variety of structural building units. DEA-InS-SB1 and -SB2 (both [(CH3CH2)2NH2]6In10S18) consist of corner linked In10S20 supertetrahedra; DPA-InS-ML ([C6H16N]4In4S10H4) contains isolated In4S10 thioanions, while TMDP-InS-SB4 ([C13H14N2]4In9S17) has a layered structure containing linked In9S20 double adamantane clusters. Factors governing the formation of the structural building units (in the presence of amines) and their subsequent template mediated assembly are discussed with respect to previously reported and novel structure types.
The mechanics of tack: Viscoelastic contact on a rough surface

This work considers the mechanics of tack in viscoelastic materials. We study a particular tack test in which a flat, rigid probe is brought into contact with the rough surface of a viscoelastic material. The rough surface is modeled as consisting of many spherical asperities of varying heights but all having the same radius. Because of the asperities, the apparent contact area can be much greater than the actual contact area, which is regarded as the key parameter that controls tack. We show how this actual contact area evolves with time under different loading conditions. Our formulation is different from previous theories in that it explicitly accounts for the fact that asperities of different heights are subjected to different loading histories. Explicit solutions are given for the cases of a constant load test, a load relaxation test, and a constant displacement rate test. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 1485–1495, 2000
Hemodynamic and Oxygen Transport Patterns for Outcome Prediction, Therapeutic Goals, and Clinical Algorithms to Improve Outcome: Feasibility of Artificial Intelligence to Customize Algorithms

A generalized decision tree or clinical algorithm for treatment of high-risk elective surgical patients was developed from a physiologic model based on empirical data. First, a large data bank was used to do the following: (1) describe temporal hemodynamic and oxygen transport patterns that interrelate cardiac, pulmonary, and tissue perfusion functions in survivors and nonsurvivors; (2) define optimal therapeutic goals based on the supranormal oxygen transport values of high-risk postoperative survivors; (3) compare the relative effectiveness of alternative therapies in a wide variety of clinical and physiologic conditions; and (4) to develop criteria for titration of therapy to the endpoints of the supranormal optimal goals using cardiac index (CI), oxygen delivery ( D ˙ o 2 ), and oxygen consumption ( V ˙ o 2 ) as proxy outcome measures. Second, a general purpose algorithm was generated from these data and tested in preoperatively randomized clinical trials of high-risk surgical patients. Improved outcome was demonstrated with this generalized algorithm. The concept that the supranormal values represent compensations that have survival value has been corroborated by several other groups. We now propose a unique approach to refine the generalized algorithm to develop customized algorithms and individualized decision analysis for each patient's unique problems. The present article describes a preliminary evaluation of the feasibility of artificial intelligence techniques to accomplish individualized algorithms that may further improve patient care and outcome.
Schema mediation in peer data management systems

Intuitively, data management and data integration tools should be well-suited for exchanging information in a semantically meaningful way. Unfortunately, they suffer from two significant problems: they typically require a comprehensive schema design before they can be used to store or share information, and they are difficult to extend because schema evolution is heavyweight and may break backwards compatibility. As a result, many small-scale data sharing tasks are more easily facilitated by nondatabase-oriented tools that have little support for semantics. The goal of the peer data management system (PDMS) is to address this need: we propose the use of a decentralized, easily extensible data management architecture in which any user can contribute new data, schema information, or even mappings between other peer's schemas. PDMSs represent a natural step beyond data integration systems, replacing their single logical schema with an interlinked collection of semantic mappings between peer's individual schemas. We consider the problem of schema mediation in a PDMS. Our first contribution is a flexible language for mediating between peer schemas, which extends known data integration formalisms to our more complex architecture. We precisely characterize the complexity of query answering for our language. Next, we describe a reformulation algorithm for our language that generalizes both global-as-view and local-as-view query answering algorithms. Finally, we describe several methods for optimizing the reformulation algorithm, and an initial set of experiments studying its performance.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF ASEPTIC PROCESSING OF A NON-NEWTONIAN LIQUID FOOD IN A TUBULAR HEAT EXCHANGER

ABSTRACT The aseptic processing of a non-Newtonian fluid in a tubular heat exchanger with no holding section was simulated numerically. Two tube diameters (1·270 × 10-2 m and 1·905 × 10-2 m), two process temperatures (410 K and 422 K) and three flow rates (1·0, 1·5 and 2·0L/min) were included in the analysis. A model liquid food with temperature dependent and shear thinning viscosity was used. For each case, the length of heating section needed to provide a required lethality (F0) of approximately 6·0 min on the center line for low-acid foods was calculated. The lethalities for Clostridium botulinum and other microorganisms of interest were calculated using the modified General Method. Increasing the temperature from 410 K to 422 K decreased the required length of the heating section by about 20 to 30% for the same average velocity. Thiaminc retention was also calculated for each case and was found to be higher for a smaller diameter tube and lower temperature. The liquid traveling near the wall was predi...
Integrating the Undergraduate Experience: A Course on Environmental Dispute Resolution

This paper describes a rigorous undergraduate course on environmental dispute resolution. Students get hands-on experience in negotiation cases, developing skills and building theoretical understanding through a series of exercises. With this foundation, the students advance to an extended role-playing case study on oil exploration in the Ecuadorian rain forest. The course provides an integration function both in terms of understanding environmental issues, but also in modeling reality, encouraging action, and building process tools that are essential in addressing environmental and social challenges facing the planet.
Methyl methacrylate modification of polyolefin in a batch mixer and a twin-screw extruder experiment and kinetic model

Free radical grafting with methyl methacrylate onto molten polypropylene was investigated in both an internal mixer and a modular co-rotating twin-screw extruder. There has been little open literature on melt free radical grafting copolymerization of methyl methacrylate. There is also little information on the evolution of grafting reaction with respect to reaction time in an internal mixer and along the screw axes with methyl methacrylate. The influence of residence time on the degree of grafting in an internal mixer and a twin-screw extruder was studied through measuring reaction yields with respect to reaction time in a mixer and evolution of reaction yield along the screw axis. The degree of grafting increased with initial monomer and peroxide concentration. The grafting reactions with three different peroxides were also investigated. The grafting levels were similar to maleic anhydride and suggested that only an individual methyl methacrylate unit be grafted. The melt viscosity was dramatically reduced with addition of peroxide. A kinetic scheme of our reaction system for methyl methacrylate was proposed and compared with the experimental results.
An investigation of non-data-aided SNR estimation techniques for analog modulation signals

This paper investigates the non-data-aided SNR estimation techniques for analog modulation signals. Two existing algorithms, M 2 M 4 and ED-based estimators, are modified and applied to SNR estimation for signals with analog modulation. This paper also proposes a simple but practical Spectrum-based SNR estimator for analog modulation. The performances of the three SNR estimators are compared and analyzed.
Social status, health-related quality of life, and event-free survival in patients with heart failure:

Background: Social status may impact health-related quality of life (HRQOL), hospitalization, and mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). Purpose: To determine if social status was associated with HRQOL and event-free survival. Hypotheses: Higher social status (quality of perceived support, emotional support, marital status, and economic status) is related to better HRQOL and event-free survival after controlling covariates (New York Heart Association [NYHA] functional class, comorbidity status, and age). Methods: Patients (N = 147, 61 ± 11 years old, 70% male, 62% NYHA class III/IV) provided data on HRQOL (measured by the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire) and social status. Event-free survival data were collected by medical record reviews and patient or family interviews. Hierarchical regression analysis and survival analysis were used to test the hypothesis. Results: Better quality of perceived support, better economic status, better functional status, older age, and less comorbidity were related to better HRQOL (R2 = .365, p = <.001). Only economic status predicted event-free survival. Conclusion: Attention should be given to those who have lower social support to improve HRQOL and those who have lower economic status to improve event-free survival.
Inverse spinel NiFeAlO4 as a highly active oxygen evolution electrocatalyst: promotion of activity by a redox-inert metal ion

Ni:Fe:Al mixed oxides were identified as highly active water oxidation electrocatalysts. A systematic investigation of these materials has led to the characterization of a well-defined NiFeAlO4 inverse spinel catalyst. Electrochemical characterization of NiFeAlO4 shows activity exceeding previously reported catalysts of similar composition and/or structure, including NiO, NiFe (9 : 1), and NiFe2O4.
Estimation and testing based on data subject to measurement errors: from parametric to non‐parametric likelihood methods

Measurement error problems can cause bias or inconsistency of statistical inferences. When investigators are unable to obtain correct measurements of biological assays, special techniques to quantify measurement errors (ME) need to be applied. The sampling based on repeated measurements is a common strategy to allow for ME. This method has been well-addressed in the literature under parametric assumptions. The approach with repeated measures data may not be applicable when the replications are complicated due to cost and/or time concerns. Pooling designs have been proposed as cost-efficient sampling procedures that can assist to provide correct statistical operations based on data subject to ME. We demonstrate that a mixture of both pooled and unpooled data (a hybrid pooled-unpooled design) can support very efficient estimation and testing in the presence of ME. Nonparametric techniques have not been well investigated to analyze repeated measures data or pooled data subject to ME. We propose and examine both the parametric and empirical likelihood methodologies for data subject to ME. We conclude that the likelihood methods based on the hybrid samples are very efficient and powerful. The results of an extensive Monte Carlo study support our conclusions. Real data examples demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methods in practice.
Pimecrolimus and tacrolimus for the treatment of intertriginous and facial psoriasis: are they effective?

Question 1: What is the response of intertriginous psoriasis to topicalpimecrolimus in comparisonwithvehicle? Design: Randomized, participantand outcome-evaluator– masked, vehicle-controlled trial. Setting: Industry-sponsored, multicenter study of patients recruited from medical school and hospital departments of dermatology. Patients: Adult patients with inverse psoriasis. Intervention: Twice-daily application of 1% pimecrolimus cream or vehicle. Main Outcome Measure: Percentage of patients reaching an investigator global assessment score of 0 (clear) or 1 (almost clear: mild erythema, no scaling, and no induration) by week 8 of treatment. A secondary outcome measure was the percentage of patients reaching a patient self-assessment score of 0 (complete disease control) or 1 (good disease control) by week 8 of treatment. Results: At week 8, 20 (71%) of 28 and 6 (21%) of 29 patients treated with pimecrolimus and vehicle, respectively, achieved an investigator global assessment of 0 or 1 (difference in response rate, 0.51; number needed to treat [NNT], 2) (Table). At week 8, 23 (82%) of 28 and 12 (41%) of 29 patients treated with pimecrolimus and vehicle, respectively, achieved a patient self-assessment score of 0 or 1 (difference in response rate, 0.41; NNT, 3) (Table). There were no serious adverse events, and no patient discontinued treatmentbecauseof adverseevents.Onepatient treated with pimecrolimus developed paresthesia.
Identification and Characterization of a Serpin From Eimeria acervulina

Abstract Serpins are serine protease inhibitors that are widely distributed in metazoans, but they have not been characterized previously in Eimeria spp. A serpin from Eimeria acervulina was cloned, expressed, and characterized. Random screening of an E. acervulina sporozoite cDNA library identified a single clone (D14) whose coding region shared high similarity to consensus structure of serpins. Clone D14 contained an entire open reading frame consisting of 1,245 nucleotides that encode a peptide of 413 amino acids, with a predicted molecular weight of 45.5 kDa and containing a signal peptide 28 residues. By Western blot analysis, polyclonal antiserum to the recombinant serpin (rbSp) recognized a major 55-kDa protein band in unsporulated oocysts and in oocysts sporulated up to 24 hr (fully sporulated). The anti-rbSp detected bands of 55 and 48 kDa in sporozoites (SZ) and merozoites (MZ), respectively. Analysis of MZ secretion products revealed a single protein of 48 kDa that may correspond to secreted se...
Risk of venous thromboembolic events following inferior vena cava resection and reconstruction

Objective The perioperative risk of an acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) event after inferior vena cava (IVC) reconstruction is unknown. We sought to describe VTE outcomes of our 15-year IVC reconstruction experience. Methods We performed a retrospective institutional review of all patients who underwent IVC reconstruction (September 1999-October 2014) and describe perioperative VTE outcomes. Results Sixty-five patients (mean age 58 ± 2 years) underwent IVC reconstruction (primary repair, 25%; patch, 43%; graft, 32%), most commonly for renal cell carcinoma (51%) and retroperitoneal sarcoma (22%). The overall incidence of perioperative VTE was 22% (n = 14), including isolated deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in 9% (n = 6) and pulmonary embolism in 12% (n = 8; 4 with concomitant DVT). Median time to diagnosis was 6 days (range, 1-37 days). Most VTE patients were symptomatic (57%; 8 of 14), including lower extremity edema in 50%, acute desaturation in 43%, and hemodynamic compromise in 36%. No patient died as a result of his or her VTE. There was a trend for more overall VTE events in patients who underwent graft reconstruction (primary, 13%; patch, 18%; graft, 33%; P = .06). VTE was also significantly associated with larger tumor size, renal vein reimplantation, and blood transfusions ( P ≤ .05). Late complications of VTE included lower extremity edema in two patients and graft thrombosis in one patient. Conclusions IVC reconstruction can be performed safely with low VTE-associated morbidity. Routine anticoagulation might not be warranted in these patients, but early postoperative screening for DVT should be considered, especially in cases with large tumor burden or when graft reconstruction is performed.
Rethinking memory system design for data-intensive computing

The memory system is a fundamental performance and energy bottleneck in almost all computing systems. Recent system design, application, and technology trends that require more capacity, bandwidth, efficiency, and predictability out of the memory system make it an even more important system bottleneck. At the same time, DRAM and flash technologies are experiencing difficult technology scaling challenges that make the maintenance and enhancement of their capacity, energy-efficiency, and reliability significantly more costly with conventional techniques. In this talk, we examine some promising research and design directions to overcome challenges posed by memory scaling. Specifically, we discuss three key solution directions: 1) enabling new memory architectures, functions, interfaces, and better integration of the memory and the rest of the system, 2) designing a memory system that intelligently employs multiple memory technologies and coordinates memory and storage management using non-volatile memory technologies, 3) providing predictable performance and QoS to applications sharing the memory/storage system. If time permits, we may also briefly describe our ongoing related work in combating scaling challenges of NAND flash memory.
Development and Incorporation of Biomarkers in RCC Therapeutics

The systemic management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has changed drastically in recent years with the advent of multiple-targeted therapies. These therapies coalesce mechanistically around two principal targets—vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). A challenge arising in clinical practice is that limited evidence exists to decide amongst these therapies. To this end, multiple efforts have been made to characterize biomarkers that may predict clinical outcome with specific agents. These efforts are described in the current chapter. Furthermore, challenges associated with clinical validation and implementation of biomarkers in mRCC are highlighted.
International monitoring system correlation detection at the North Korean nuclear test site at Punggye-ri with insights from the source physics experiment

Online Material: Figures of array correlation detection with an alternative embedded event, correlation score as a function of time‐bandwidth product, and correlation score using alternative time periods. Seismic waveform correlation offers the prospect of greatly reducing event detection thresholds when compared with more conventional processing methods. Correlation is applicable for seismic events that in some sense repeat, that is they have very similar waveforms (e.g., Gibbons and Ringdal, 2006). A number of recent studies have shown that correlated seismic signals may form a significant fraction of seismicity at regional distances (e.g., Schaff and Richards, 2011; Dodge and Walter, 2015; Slinkard et al. , 2015). For the particular case of multiple nuclear explosions at the same test site, regional distance correlation also allows very precise relative location measurements (e.g., Waldhauser et al. , 2004; Wen and Long, 2010) and could offer the potential to lower thresholds when multiple events exist (e.g., National Research Council, 2012). Using the Comprehensive Nuclear‐Test‐Ban Treaty (CTBT) International Monitoring System (IMS) seismic array at Matsushiro, Japan (MJAR), Gibbons and Ringdal (2012) were able to create a multichannel correlation detector with a very low false alarm rate and a threshold below magnitude 3.0. They did this using the 2006 or 2009 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) nuclear explosion as a template to search through a data stream from the same station to find a match via waveform correlation. In this article, we extend the work of Gibbons and Ringdal (2012) and measure the correlation detection threshold at several other IMS arrays. We use this to address three main points. First, we show the IMS array station at Mina, Nevada (NVAR), which is closest to the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS), is able to detect a chemical explosion that is well under 1 ton with the right template. …
Microanalytical quality of canned crabmeat, sardines, and tuna

A 1-year national retail market survey was made to determine the sanitary quality of canned crabmeat, sardines and tuna. The official methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists were used to count light filth such as whole or equivalent flies, insect fragments, rodent hair fragments, whole feathers or feather fragments and feather barbules. Over 4000 samples of 200 g (crabmeat) or 225 g (sardines and tuna) were analyzed; filth levels were generally low. Maximum counts for each defect were 8 whole or equivalent flies for canned sardines, 18 insect fragments for canned crabmeat, 3 rodent hair fragments for canned crabmeat and tuna, 2 whole feathers or feather fragments for canned crabmeat and 5 feather barbules for canned crabmeat. Percent of samples containing each defect ranged as follows: whole or equivalent flies, 0.2% for canned sardines and tuna to 1.8% for canned crabmeat; insect fragments, 0.5% for canned sardines to 11.1% for canned crabmeat; rodent hair fragments, 0.3% for canned sardines to 4.7% for canned crabmeat; whole feathers or feather fragments, 0.0% for canned tuna to 0.2% for canned crabmeat; and feather barbules, 0.4% for canned crabmeat to 1.4% for canned tuna.
False memories and the DRM paradigm: effects of imagery, list, and test type

Several researchers have reported that instructing participants to imagine items using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm lowers false memory rates (Foley, Wozniak, & Gillum, 2006). However, other researchers have found that imagery does not always lower false memory rates (Robin, 2010), and investigators have examined the effects of imagery manipulation on semantic but not phonological lists. In the present study, we presented 102 participants with semantic and phonological DRM lists, followed by a free recall test and final recognition test. Some participants received instructions to imagine list items during the study phase to facilitate memory, and others were simply told to remember list items. Imagery instructions enhanced correct memories and further suggested a trend for decreased false memories. A test type by list type interaction also emerged, with phonological lists eliciting higher false memories at recall, and semantic lists eliciting higher false memories at recognition. Directions for future research are discussed.
Accommodation of practical constraints by a linear programming jet select

An experimental spacecraft control system will be incorporated into the Space Shuttle flight software and exercised during a forthcoming mission to evaluate its performance and handling qualities. The control system incorporates a 'phase space' control law to generate rate change requests and a linear programming jet select to compute jet firings. Posed as a linear programming problem, jet selection must represent the rate change request as a linear combination of jet acceleration vectors where the coefficients are the jet firing times, while minimizing the fuel expended in satisfying that request. This problem is solved in real time using a revised Simplex algorithm. In order to implement the jet selection algorithm in the Shuttle flight control computer, it was modified to accommodate certain practical features of the Shuttle such as limited computer throughput, lengthy firing times, and a large number of control jets. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first such application of linear programming. It was made possible by careful consideration of the jet selection problem in terms of the properties of linear programming and the Simplex algorithm. These modifications to the jet select algorithm may by useful for the design of reaction controlled spacecraft.
Review Essay: Ethnic Cleansing or Genocide?

The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey: A Disputed Genocide, Guenter Lewy, Salt Lake City: University of Florida Press, 2005 Guenter Lewy's The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey: A Disputed Ge...
Mixing in micro channel by a mini electro magneto hydrodynamic stirrer

Mixing is important and critical for most microfluidic devices.An active mixing method based on an electro magneto hydrodynamic stirrer studied for mixing control in micro channel theoretically and numerically.A mixing chamber is used for the microchannel flow mixing.The dynamic Lorentz force acted on the fluids causes them to move back and forth periodically in the chamber.The periodically changed velocity causes the interface between fluids folded and the interfacial areas increase dramatically.The repeat movement and the folding of the interface make the fluids mixed.The mixing process was discussed and the mixing performance was evaluated.
Purchasing Issue Importance in Service Channels of Distribution: Tour Operators and Travel Agents

Customers purchasing directly from tour operators valued experience with the tour company and personal recommendations in decision making. Agency clients valued the ease of booking through agents along with information from guidebooks and tourist bureaus. Domestic travelers were more often operator clients, and foreign travelers were more often agency clients. Differences are discussed in terms of different segments of customers within the channel of distribution.
Gene Therapy for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Gene therapy is a powerful tool for treating diseases, including neurological disorder such at amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. When delivered to the CNS, gene therapy vectors can provide prosurvival signals to neurons, knock down the expression of toxic proteins, or restore lost function. How to best deliver this type of therapeutic depends on the nature of the disease and the expected function of the transgene. Here we describe a method for parenchymal injection into rodent models, allowing for localized delivery of gene therapy vectors and other therapeutic molecules. This technique has been a robust mechanism for proof-of-principle experiments.
Plasma cell differentiation is coupled to division-dependent DNA hypomethylation and gene regulation

The epigenetic processes that regulate antibody-secreting plasma cells are not well understood. Here, analysis of plasma cell differentiation revealed DNA hypomethylation of 10% of CpG loci that were overrepresented at enhancers. Inhibition of DNA methylation enhanced plasma cell commitment in a cell-division-dependent manner. Analysis of B cells differentiating in vivo stratified by cell division revealed a fivefold increase in mRNA transcription coupled to DNA hypomethylation. Demethylation occurred first at binding motifs for the transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1 and later at those for the transcription factors IRF and Oct-2 and was coincident with activation and differentiation gene-expression programs in a cell-division-dependent manner. These data provide mechanistic insight into cell-division-coupled transcriptional and epigenetic reprogramming and suggest that DNA hypomethylation reflects the cis-regulatory history of plasma cell differentiation.
A Microbiological Assay for Penicillic Acid

Six bactertial cultures were studied in a search for an organism sensitive to penicillic acid suitable for use in a quantitative bioassay of this mycotoxin. A vegetative culture and a commercially prepared spore suspension of Bacillus subtilis were both sensitive to as little as 1 μg of penicillic acid and exhibited a linear relationship between 1 and 100 μg. The bioassay method was comparable in accuracy to thin layer chromatographic assay. The procedure was used to verify the biological activity of sample extracts, as well as to quantitate penicillic acid concentration in samples of liquid media and corn. The bioassay is sensitive, rapid (15-17 h), simple and inexpensive.
Abstract 4474: Dual targeting of the stress-p53 pathway as a potential anti-cancer therapy

The “ribosomal stress (RS)-p53 pathway” is triggered by any stressor or genetic alteration that disrupts ribosomal biogenesis, and mediated by several ribosomal proteins (RPs), such as RPL11 and RPL5, which inhibit MDM2 and activate p53. IMPDH2 is a rate-limiting enzyme in de novo guanine nucleotide biosynthesis and crucial for maintaining cellular guanine deoxy- and ribonucleotide pools needed for DNA and RNA synthesis. It is highly expressed in many malignancies. We previously showed that inhibition of IMPDH2 leads to p53 activation by causing RS. Surprisingly, our current study reveals that Inauzhin (INZ), a novel non-genotoxic p53 activator by inhibiting SIRT1, can also inhibit cellular IMPDH2 activity, and reduce the levels of cellular GTP and GTP-binding nucleostemin that is essential for rRNA processing. Consequently, INZ induces RS and the RPL11/RPL5-MDM2 interaction, activating p53. These results support the new notion that INZ suppresses cancer cell growth by dually targeting SIRT1 and IMPDH2. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Hua Lu, Qi Zhang, Shelya X. Zeng, Rui-Zhi Wu, Yiwei Zhang, Daniel Nguyen, Xiang Zhou, Jun-ming Liao, Bo Cao. Dual targeting of the stress-p53 pathway as a potential anti-cancer therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4474. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4474
Power Distribution System Outage Management With Co-Optimization of Repairs, Reconfiguration, and DG Dispatch

This paper proposes a two-stage method for the outage management of power distribution systems. The first stage is to cluster repair tasks of damaged power generation and delivery components based on their distances from the depots (central crew stations) and the availability of resources, to improve the computational efficiency in solving outage management problems for large distribution systems. The second stage is to co-optimize the repair, reconfiguration, and distributed generation dispatch to maximize the picked-up loads and minimize the repair time. The distribution system repair and restoration problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear program, considering constraints of system operation and routing repair crews. Crews are dispatched considering equipment resources, traveling time, and repair time. The proposed method is tested on modified IEEE 34 and 123-bus distribution test systems with multiple damages. The results demonstrate the advantages of co-optimizing repair and restoration.
Gene Regulatory Elements, Major Drivers of Human Disease

Gene expression changes, the driving forces for cellular diversity in multicellular organisms, are regulated by a diverse set of gene regulatory elements that direct transcription in specific cells. Mutations in these elements, ranging from chromosomal aberrations to single-nucleotide polymorphisms, are a major cause of human disease. However, we currently have a very limited understanding of how regulatory element genotypes lead to specific phenotypes. In this review, we discuss the various methods of regulatory element identification, the different types of mutations they harbor, and their impact on human disease. We highlight how these variations can affect transcription of multiple genes in gene regulatory networks. In addition, we describe how novel technologies, such as massively parallel reporter assays and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, are beginning to provide a better understanding of the functional roles that these elements have and how their alteration can lead to specific phenotypes.
Convergent evolution of pollen transport mode in two distantly related bee genera (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae and Melittidae)

AbstractPurposeful transport of pollen represents a key innovation in the evolution of bees from predatory wasps. Most bees transport pollen on specialized hairs on the hind legs or ventral metasoma in one of three ways: moist, dry, or “glazed,” which combines dry and moist transport. The evolutionary pathway among these three transport modes is unclear, though dry transport has been hypothesized to be ancestral. We address this hypothesis using museum specimens and published records of the bee genera Perdita (Andrenidae) and Hesperapis (Melittidae), two distantly related groups whose pollen transport modes appear to have converged. Most species in both genera transport moistened pollen; glazed and dry transport are limited to derived clades of specialists on floral hosts in Asteraceae and Onagraceae, with specialization on Asteraceae associated with more elaborate scopal hairs. The associations between transport mode, host plant, and hair type may be due to the sticky pollenkitt of asteraceous pollen grains and the viscin threads of Onagraceae pollen, which provide alternates to the binding properties of nectar. These findings suggest that the hypothesis that dry transport is ancestral in bees should be reexamined.
Large-area silicon nanowire Schottky junction photodetector with tunable absorption and low junction capacitance

Silicon photodetectors for operation in the near-infrared with a sufficient responsivity and high-speed operation are currently needed as scalable, CMOS compatible components for photonic and communication applications. Photodetectors based on semiconductor nanowire structures with dielectric planarization enable larger active optical areas and higher operating speeds than planar devices due to reduced junction capacitance and enhanced absorption. Here, we report on the fabrication and characterization of a silicon nanowire photodetector with dielectric infilling and a transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) Schottky contact. Optical simulations show that the absorbed power can be confined at the top of the nanowire array, enabling efficient operation in the near-infrared. This is despite the relatively low absorption coefficient for silicon in this wavelength range in addition to the design of the nanowire array to have a low fill factor compared to the bulk material in order to minimize the junction capacitance. The responsivity of this device is >0.3 A W−1 at a reverse bias of 2 V and the junction capacitance is 8 ± 2 nF cm−2, which are respectively comparable and lower than the values expected for a planar silicon Schottky junction photodetector with a similar active area.
Sometimes a great notion ... a common agenda for change.

In the midst of a sea of change in the behavioral health care field, there is emerging a common agenda regarding critical issues and challenges. This article briefly examines the implications for education and training as we pursue this common agenda. Understanding the process of social change helps to chart a course for addressing the identified challenges.
The Effects of Travel Burden on Outcomes After Resection of Extrahepatic Biliary Malignancies: Results from the US Extrahepatic Biliary Consortium

Surgical resection of extrahepatic biliary malignancies has been increasingly centralized at high-volume tertiary care centers. While this has improved outcomes overall, increased travel burden has been associated with worse survival for many other malignancies. We hypothesized that longer travel distances are associated with worse outcomes for these patients as well. Data was analyzed from the US Extrahepatic Biliary Consortium database, which retrospectively reviewed patients who received resection of extrahepatic biliary malignancies at 10 high-volume centers. Driving distance to the patient’s treatment center was measured for 1025 patients. These were divided into four quartiles for analysis: < 24.5, 24.5–57.2, 57.2–117, and < 117 mi. Cox proportional hazard models were then used to measure differences in overall survival. No difference was found between the groups in severity of disease or post-operative complications. The median overall survival in each quartile was as follows: 1st = 1.91, 2nd = 1.60, 3rd = 1.30, and 4th = 1.39 years. Patients in the 3rd and 4th quartile had a significantly lower median household income (p = 0.0001) and a greater proportion Caucasian race (p = 0.0001). However, neither of these was independently associated with overall survival. The two furthest quartiles were found to have decreased overall survival (HR = 1.39, CI = 1.12–1.73 and HR = 1.3, CI = 1.04–1.62), with quartile 3 remaining significant after multivariate analysis (HR = 1.45, CI = 1.04–2.0, p = 0.028). Longer travel distances were associated with decreased overall survival, especially in the 3rd quartile of our study. Patients traveling longer distances also had a lower household income, suggesting that these patients have significant barriers to care.
Political Dynasties and Particularistic Campaigns

Although many studies agree that electoral systems shape campaign strategies that candidates employ, there is important variation in their focuses and rhetoric even among those who face the same in...
Rethinking the outpatient medication list: increasing patient activation and education while architecting for centralization and improved medication reconciliation

Objective Identify barriers impacting the time consuming and error fraught process of medication reconciliation. Design and implement an electronic medication management system where patient and trusted healthcare proxies can participate in establishing and maintaining an inclusive and up-to-date list of medications. Methods A patient-facing electronic medication manager was deployed within an existing research project focused on elder care management funded by the AHRQ, InfoSAGE, allowing patients and patients' proxies the ability to build and maintain an accurate and up-to-date medication list. Free and open-source tools available from the U.S. government were used to embed the tenets of centralization, interoperability, data federation, and patient activation into the design. Results Using patient-centered design and free, open-source tools, we implemented a web and mobile enabled patient-facing medication manager for complex medication management. Conclusions Patient and caregiver participation are essential to improve medication safety. Our medication manager is an early step towards a patient-facing medication manager that has been designed with data federation and interoperability in mind.
On the geometry of tensor network states of 2 × N grids

Abstract We discuss the geometry of a class of tensor network states, called projected entangled pair states in the Physics literature. We provide initial results towards a question of Verstraete and Rizzi regarding the tensor network state of an M × N grid; we partially answer the question for a 2 × N grid. We also study the 2 × N grid sitting on a torus and provide initial results towards understanding the Zariski closure of the set of tensor network states associated to this graph. Finally, we give explicit tensors that provide optimal (using currently available methods) bounds on the border rank of a generic tensor in the tensor network state of the 2 × N grid.
…And justice for all: Ethnicity, gender, and preferences for dispute resolution procedures.

African American, Hispanic American, Asian American, and European American students rated their procedural preferences in response to a hypothetical conflict scenario and then recalled a real dispute in which they had been involved. Subjects of all four ethnicities and of both genders preferred persuasion and negotiation to other options. There were significant, ethnic and gender differences in preferences, as well as differences for the nature of the relationship and the nature of the issue, but these differences were small in comparison to the overall pattern of procedural preferences. Reports of actual procedure use also showed differences in procedure use across genders, ethnicities, and relationship type, but the differences were relatively small. Procedural fairness was the strongest predictor of both procedural preference and affect toward actual procedure use.
A Novel Online QoE Prediction Model Based on Multiclass Incremental Support Vector Machine

Satisfying the user it's a primary goal to reach by telecom operators. Therefore, Quality of Experience (QoE), which is the measure of the user-perceived quality of a received service, has become a pivotal topic in the academic research. Generally, an efficient QoE model should be able to handle dynamic environments with large scale data, in order to continuously acquire feedback from the user, and then provide a real-time and accurate description of his perception. This paper proposes a novel online QoE estimation model, which is able to classify user perception toward video streaming service, using incremental multiclass SVM (multiclass-iSVM). The proposed online QoE model investigates the effectiveness of incremental learning, in order to handle large scale dynamic data and to improve prediction accuracy of QoE. In fact, it uses the mathematical properties of SVM and updates its unknown weights, as well as, the classification results incrementally, as new observations are considered. Comparative evaluation of the proposed multiclass iSVM-based QoE model is performed to show its superiority over relevant batch learning based models, in terms of QoE prediction accuracy and computational complexity. In particular, this model has achieved the highest classification rate of 89%, starting with only 10% of the dataset at the beginning of the incremental process.
A simultaneous corrosion/irradiation facility for testing molten salt-facing materials

Abstract Aside from the historical Molten Salt Reactor Experiment, a few in-reactor loops, and one electron irradiation/corrosion facility, dedicated facilities to test the combined effects of molten salt corrosion and irradiation on materials do not currently exist. A major gap therefore exists in rapid, reactor-relevant materials testing capabilities which, if remedied, would greatly hasten molten salt reactor development. We present a new accelerator-based facility for rapid, simultaneous testing of molten salt-facing materials utilizing a proton beam as the radiation source. Introducing proton irradiation to a molten salt corrosion system poses specific engineering concerns in sample and corrosion cell design, operational stability, integration with the accelerator beamline, and radiation safety. This paper describes how these requirements were fulfilled with confirmatory tests and results.
Refining the Common Model of Cognition Through Large Neuroscience Data

Abstract The Common Model of Cognition (CMC) is an effort to highlight the commonalities between multiple studies of human-like intelligent minds and cognition, and bring these architectures and functions together into one common model. The CMC is still relatively new, and while it has substantial theoretical evidence in its favor, there is little empirical evidence confirming the theory. The CMC is fundamentally informed by human cognition, and must at least hold true for human brains. As such, this paper uses a large fMRI dataset from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) to refine the CMC and test it as a reasonable model for human cognition. We tested three models in the CMC family and two alternative models against two tasks from the HCP dataset. We found that one model from the CMC family explained the HCP dataset best, providing further empirical evidence in favor of the CMC, whilst also suggesting a slight modification to the CMC itself that may improve the model’s generalizability.
Visual Literacies in a U.S. Undergraduate Writing Course: A Case Study of Transmediation.

This interpretive case study examines how undergraduate students enact visual literacies, focusing on transmediation from visual-embedded research papers into multimodal brochures, in an entry-leve...