cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Training, education, and outreach

Abstract To effectively serve the needs of their users and capture the attention of their audience, an informationist must have a thorough understanding of who their users are and a working knowledge of their users’ most pressing information needs. This chapter introduces the continuum of information needs experienced by those undergoing medical training. It then goes on to identify core constituencies within the academic medical center/hospital user community and outline the information needs specific to each segment. Readers will receive useful recommendations on potential avenues for embedded instruction and suggestions for outreach strategies to yield invitations to participate in the said opportunities.
BOUNDS FOR SOLUTIONS OF REACTION-DIFFUSION EQUATIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter describes bounds for the solutions of reaction–diffusion equations. Reaction–diffusion equations have been employed as models for problems in chemical morphogenesis. Reaction processes are usually nonlinear in character; hence, approximate solutions to the dynamical equations representing these phenomena are important for understanding behavior and can often be profitably exploited in the quantitative and qualitative study of such processes. The chapter describes a general method for constructing upper and lower bounds for the solutions of initial-boundary value problems associated with nonlinear reaction–diffusion equations. The nonlinear analysis approximation technique employs Lagrange's theory of first-order characteristics, a transformation that is required to be monotone in the solution argument, and differential inequalities.
Neuroanatomical and Developmental Expression of Novel Brain mRNAs Determined by In Situ Hybridization

We have used in situ hybridization to map the expression of novel, moderately abundant mRNAs in the rodent brain. The technique has the resolution both to discriminate major structures or nuclei and, at the cellular level, to distinguish cells of different morphology that express a particular mRNA sequence. The pattern of expression of two genes is presented. The 2.2 kb mRNA detected by cDNA pMuBr8 is preferentially expressed by diverse but distinctive neuronal subpopulations within certain nuclei of the somatic motor and limbic systems. In situ hybridization with a 1B236 probe, which detects transcripts that are 3.2 and 2.5 kb in length, appears to define a striking developmental shift in mRNA expression. In rats at postnatal day 20, the accumulation of 1B236 mRNA is predominantly but not entirely in cells contained within nerve tracts or white matter of the brain. In adults, however, expression of the RNA within these fiber tract regions is greatly diminished, but is retained by neuronal cell populations in other regions including the primary olfactory and frontal cortex. Taken together with immunocytochemical studies, in situ hybridization provides a means to distinguish between accumulation of stable protein products and transient patterns of mRNA expression.
Predicting refractive alterations with hydrogel keratophakia

Hydrogel lenticules are being used as intracorneal lens (ICL) implants for refractive keratoplasty. The experimental surgical success can be evaluated through an understanding of their effect on the optical system of the cornea. An algorithm that utilizes elementary optics can be used to calculate the total corneal power produced through intracorneal lens implantation via either pocket or microkeratome dissection. Two groups of animal experiments involving ICL implantation using both pocket and microkeratome dissections were performed on Rhesus monkeys. The predicted effects of the surgical techniques were compared with the measured effects obtained via streak retinoscopy. The mean difference and standard deviation of the measured minus the predicted values for the pocket dissection group is -0.59 +/- 1.52 D, N = 7. The respective difference for the microkeratome group is -0.19 +/- 1.07 D, N = 4. These small differences illustrate the accuracy of the algorithm in predicting the effects of refractive keratoplasty with hydrogel intracorneal lenses.
Second primary malignancy after multiple myeloma-population trends and cause-specific mortality.

The management of multiple myeloma (MM) has evolved with the increased use of autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) and the introduction of new agents. AHCT and lenalidomide maintenance have been associated with increased risk of second primary malignancy (SPM). We iseutilised the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results 13 registries to analyse 9 833 patients diagnosed at age <65 years for three eras: 1995-99 (pre-thalidomide, limited use of AHCT), 2000-04 (post-thalidomide, pre-lenalidomide and bortezomib, increased isautilisation of AHCT) and 2005-09 (post-lenalidomide and bortezomib, higher isautilisation of AHCT). Changes in risk of SPM were assessed by utilising standardised incidence ratio (SIR) and cause-specific risk of death. Cumulative incidence of SPM at 90 months was 4·7%, 6·0% and 6·3% respectively, P = 0·0008. SIR for haematological malignancies in years 1-5 increased, from 1·28 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0·47-2·78) in 1995-99 to 2·17 (95% CI: 1·27-3·48) in 2005-09, due to increased risk of acute leukaemias and lymphomas. A similar trend was observed in years 6-10. Overall mortality in patients with MM declined sharply over time due to declines in MM-associated and cardiovascular mortality with no increase in risk of death from SPM. The evolution of MM therapy is linked to population-level increase in risk with no discernible effect in death from SPM.
Dietary intervention among breast cancer survivors increased adherence to a Mediterranean-style, anti-inflammatory dietary pattern: the Rx for Better Breast Health Randomized Controlled Trial

The goal of this education and culinary-based dietary intervention was to increase adherence to a Mediterranean-style, anti-inflammatory dietary pattern in breast cancer survivors (BCS) by promoting the consumption of anti-inflammatory foods, herbs, and spices. Overweight and obese, early-stage, BCS were randomized to the Intervention (n = 76) or Control (n = 77). The 6-month intervention included monthly nutrition and cooking workshops, Motivational Interviewing telephone calls, and individualized newsletters. Control participants received monthly informational brochures and no navigational services. Dietary intakes were collected via questionnaire and 3-day food records at baseline and 6 months. One hundred twenty-five BCS (n = 60 I; n = 65 C) completed post-testing (81.7%) and were included in analyses. Adherence to Mediterranean diet guidelines significantly increased in the intervention group, but not in the control group (+ 22.5% vs. + 2.7%, P < 0.001). Upon further analysis of adherence to individual dietary guidelines, the intervention group significantly improved adherence to only three guidelines: consuming ≥ 3 servings of fish or shellfish/week, reducing red meat intake to < 1 serving/day, and limiting consumption of commercial sweets and baked goods to < 3 times/week. The intervention arm increased the use of spices and herbs compared to control (+ 146.2% vs. +33.3%, P < 0.001), including significantly more frequent consumption of cinnamon, turmeric, garlic, ginger, black pepper, and rosemary. An education and culinary-based intervention in BCS successfully increased adherence to a more Mediterranean-style, anti-inflammatory dietary pattern by increasing the consumption of anti-inflammatory foods, spices, and herbs and decreasing the consumption of pro-inflammatory foods.
Early Mandibular Distraction in Craniofacial Microsomia and Need for Orthognathic Correction at Skeletal Maturity: A Comparative Long-Term Follow-Up Study.

Background Controversy exists regarding the treatment of mandibular hypoplasia in craniofacial microsomia patients, notably the role of mandibular distraction osteogenesis. The authors compared the need for orthognathic surgery in skeletally mature craniofacial microsomia subjects who either did (study group) or did not (control group) undergo early mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of all craniofacial microsomia patients evaluated between January of 1993 and March of 2017. This study included patients with a Kaban-Pruzansky grade I to III mandible, and who were at least 14 years old at the time of the latest follow-up. Results Thirty-eight subjects met inclusion criteria: 17 who underwent mandibular distraction osteogenesis and 21 who did not (mean age, 18.95 ± 2.82 years versus 17.95 ± 2.14 years, respectively; p = 0.246). The degree of mandibular deformity was matched (distraction, 29.4 percent Kaban-Pruzansky grade IIb and 5.9 percent grade III; no distraction, 23.8 percent grade IIb and 9.5 percent grade III; p = 0.788). No significant difference was noted between the distraction and no-distraction cohorts with regard to need for orthognathic surgery [distraction, n = 10 (58.8 percent); no distraction, n = 8 (38.1 percent); p = 0.203]. Conclusions The results seem to suggest that there is no significant difference in orthognathic surgery rates at skeletal maturity between craniofacial microsomia subjects who underwent early mandibular distraction osteogenesis and those who did not. Subjects who undergo distraction may still ultimately require orthognathic surgery to correct facial asymmetry. Additional studies are required to determine the optimal timing and technique of distraction, the importance of orthodontic management during and after distraction, and the early psychosocial benefits of improved facial symmetry. Clinical question/level of evidence Therapeutic, III.
Exploring Emotional Intelligence: A Correlational Study of Follower Attributes

Emotional intelligence is an important characteristic of good leaders and followers. In this work, therelationship between emotional intelligence and the other follower attributes is examined. For the first time, a strong correlation between emotional intelligence and flexibility, tolerance of differing views, and facility for supporting others is demonstrated.
Hyaluronic acid binding to TLR4 promotes proliferation and blocks apoptosis in colon cancer

Hyaluronic acid (HA), a constituent of the extracellular matrix, promotes colorectal cancer growth. CD44 is a relevant HA receptor in this context. However, HA is also a ligand for TLR4, a receptor of significance in colorectal cancer. In this study, we examine the relative contribution of HA interactions with CD44 and TLR4 in colon tumorigenesis. Colorectal cancer models included ApcMin/+ mice, azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM-DSS), and CT26 tumor isografts. We used knockout mice and CT26 colorectal cancer cells with CRISPR knockdown of CD44 and TLR4. HA activity was modulated by PEP1 (a 12-mer peptide that blocks HA from binding its receptors), hyaluronidase (which promotes HA degradation), or 4-MU (HA synthesis inhibitor). Blockade of HA binding via PEP1 decreased growth in all colorectal cancer models and in cell culture. The effects were significant in WT and with CD44 deletion, but not with TLR4 deletion. In the AOM-DSS model, mice deficient in CD44 or TLR4 had fewer tumors. CD44- and TLR4-deficient CT26 isografts grew more slowly, exhibiting decreased tumor cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. In vitro, endogenous HA blocked LPS binding to TLR4 suggesting that HA is a relevant TLR4 ligand in colon cancer. Finally, PEP1 enhanced tumor radiation sensitivity in the isograft model. Together, these results indicate that HA binding to TLR4, as well as CD44, plays a key role in colon tumorigenesis. These findings also raise the possibility that an agent that blocks HA binding, such as PEP1, may be useful as an adjuvant therapy in colon cancer.
Formation and Characterization of Cisplatin-Loaded Poly(benzyl 1-glutamate) Microspheres for Chemoembolization

Chemoembolization using microspheres of 100- to 200-microns is a useful way to treat primary and secondary hepatic tumors. In a search for a better embolic material, we described in detail the preparation and characterization of a poly(benzyl l-glutamate) (PBLG) microspheres containing cisplatin (CDDP). We determined the optimal experimental conditions to produce spherical free-flowing microspheres that were able to release drug content (44% [w/w] CDDP) in a sustained manner. We found that solvent viscosity played a key role in determining the resulting microsphere characteristics. Microscopic studies showed that increasing the polymer concentration (to 10% [w/v]) and the viscosity of the organic phase produced microspheres with uniform drug distribution. Increasing polymer concentration also markedly improved drug incorporation efficiency. In vitro release studies revealed that the release of CDDP was a function of drug loading; microspheres with a higher amount of entrapped CDDP had a slower release rate. This observation and the fact that CDDP/PBLG microspheres did not show "burst effect" at higher loading is ascribed to the formation of uniformly distributed drug crystal networks within the polymer matrix. The favorable properties of the CDDP/PBLG system warrants its further evaluation on experimental animal models for the treatment of hepatic tumors.
Abstract IA20: Gut microbiota dysbiosis and dietary fermentable fibers in a pickle: A brew for liver cancer

Dietary soluble fibers are fermented by gut bacteria into short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which are considered broadly health promoting. Accordingly, consumption of such fibers ameliorates metabolic syndrome in a subset (40%) of Toll-like receptor 5-deficient (TLR5KO) mice. However, incorporating fermentable fiber inulin, but not nonfermentable fiber cellulose, into a compositionally defined purified diet induced hyperbilirubinemia and cholemia as primary clinical symptoms and hallmarks of cholestasis. These cholestatic mice eventually developed robust, multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; a type of liver cancer) within 6 months. Inulin-induced HCC progressed via early onset of cholestasis, hepatocyte death, followed by liver inflammation primarily driven by neutrophils. Such neutrophilic inflammation is characterized by elevated levels of neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase, and hepatic reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine, a marker of DNA damage. Pathogenesis of such HCC was microbiota dependent and observed in multiple strains of dysbiotic mice, but not in germ-free or antibiotics-treated TLR5KO mice. Furthermore, inulin-enriched diet induced both dysbiosis and HCC in wild-type (WT) mice co-housed or cross-fostered with TLR5KO mice. Pharmacologic inhibition of fermentation or depletion of fermenting bacteria markedly reduced intestinal SCFA and prevented HCC. Intervening with cholestyramine to prevent enterohepatic recirculation of bile acids also conferred protection against such HCC. Thus, notwithstanding the health benefits of inulin, enrichment of foods with fermentable fiber should be approached with great caution as it may increase risk of HCC and warrants that refined fibers need to be redefined. Citation Format: Matam Vijay-Kumar. Gut microbiota dysbiosis and dietary fermentable fibers in a pickle: A brew for liver cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Microbiome, Viruses, and Cancer; 2020 Feb 21-24; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(8 Suppl):Abstract nr IA20.
Data Farming: Methods for the Present, Opportunities for the Future

Data farming is a descriptive metaphor that captures the notion of generating data purposefully to maximize the information “yield” from simulation models. Large-scale designed experiments let us grow the simulation output efficiently and effectively. We can explore massive input spaces, uncover interesting features of complex simulation response surfaces, and explicitly identify cause-and-effect relationships. Data farming has been used in the defense community over the past two decades, and has resulted in quantum leaps in the breadth, depth, and timeliness of the insights yielded by simulation models. In this article, we provide an overview of current data farming capabilities and their relationship to emerging techniques in data science and analytics. We use graphics to motivate insight into some of the benefits of a data farming approach. Finally, we share some thoughts about opportunities and challenges for further improving the state of the art, and transforming the state of the practice, in the data farming domain.
Clinical utility and economic impact of routine delayed follow-up radiographs in children with uncomplicated distal radius Salter-Harris 2 fractures.

Salter-Harris 2 fractures of the distal radius are common in pediatrics. Children with these fractures have a theoretical risk of developing a physeal bridge with subsequent growth disturbance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical utility and economic impact of obtaining routine delayed radiographs in asymptomatic patients with uncomplicated Salter-Harris 2 fractures of the distal radius. Radiology records were searched retrospectively between Jan. 1, 2016, and Jan. 1, 2018, to identify patients with an acute Salter-Harris type 2 fracture of the distal radius and delayed wrist radiography 3 to 8 months after the injury. Exclusion criteria included distal radius surgery, clinical symptoms, secondary wrist trauma or a history of infection. The financial cost associated with follow-up imaging was determined based on standard charges associated with wrist/forearm radiography, wrist magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and orthopedic clinical care. A total of 381 children with Salter-Harris 2 fractures of the distal radius and delayed radiographs were identified, 56% male (ages 1–18 years, mean: 9.8 years). Four children were excluded because of surgical intervention or clinical symptoms to the same wrist resulting in 377 subjects. There were five confirmed positive cases (1.3%) of distal radius physeal bridge formation, with four cases confirmed on MRI and one case confirmed clinically and radiographically. Based on routine institutional charges for the wrist/forearm radiographs and orthopedic clinic visits, the total billed charges for the 377 patients would equal $245,804, or $49,161 in billed charges per identified physeal bridge. Only three of the five positive cases of confirmed physeal bridge went on to surgical treatment. The billed charges per identified physeal bridge requiring surgery were $81,935. In asymptomatic children with uncomplicated Salter-Harris 2 fractures of the distal radius, detection of a physeal bridge on delayed radiographs is rare. The financial burden of routine delayed follow-up in asymptomatic patients, a common clinical practice, is an important consideration.
Management of Acquired Tracheoesophageal Fistula in Adults

Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a pathological connection between the trachea and the esophagus that is associated with various underlying conditions including malignancies and other benign conditions such as infections, inhalation injuries, and traumatic damage. TEF poses unique diagnostic and management challenges to pulmonologists, gastroenterologists, and thoracic surgeons alike. Although stents have been a cornerstone in the management of TEF, there exists a large gap in our understanding of their efficacy and precise methodology, making stenting procedure both art and science. Management of a TEF requires advanced understanding of the airway and digestive tract anatomy, dimensions of the fistula, stent characteristics and types, and the interplay between the esophageal stent and the airway stent if dual stenting procedure is elected. This chapter will cover a review on the most up-to-date data on risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, management methods, and prognosis. Consequently, this article serves to evaluate current therapeutic strategies and other novel techniques.
A framework for efficient resource management in IEEE 802.11 WLANs: Research Articles

Currently deployed IEEE 802.11 WLANs work mostly with distributed coordination function (DCF) mode at the media access control (MAC) layer, which does not provide quality of service (QoS) support. The upcoming IEEE standard 802.11e achieves service differentiation by assigning different channel access parameters (CAPs) to different traffic classes at the MAC layer. However, such relative differentiation does not yield QoS guarantee. In practice, appropriately selecting CAPs a priori is difficult. Time-varying traffic loads also make the use of fixed CAPs, inefficient for both QoS support and channel utilization. In this work, we propose a novel architecture called HARMONICA, in which the access point (AP) dynamically selects the best CAPs for each traffic class to optimally match their QoS requirements. We present and discuss a simple admission control (AC) mechanism used by HARMONICA to avoid congestion. Our simulation results demonstrate that under an interference-free environment, HARMONICA can guarantee the QoS for all traffic classes while simultaneously achieving quasi-optimal channel utilization. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NEIGHBORHOOD TRAFFIC CONTROLS

The issues associated with traffic control in residential neighborhoods are examined. Reasons for the increase in activity in implementing neighborhood traffic control measures are presented. The principal areas of citizen concern -- the level of traffic volumes on local streets, high vehicle speeds, and parking shortages -- are described. Techniques and implementation strategies that have been applied by traffic engineers include access prohibition using regulatory signing, the use of physical barriers, (street closures, diagonal diverters, street narrowings, traffic circles, and turn control using channelization), and residential parking permit programs. The importance of establishing procedures that can be utilized by the traffic engineer to develop a process for dealing with citizen's requests is examined. Language: en
The Evolution of Negro Business

Business has been defined as “the mechanism designed by man to satisfy his wants” 1 through the utilization of social resources such as natural resources, human labor, capital, and acquired knowledge.2 This is a definition of business as it purports to operate generally in America, and it implicitly assumes the absence of racial restrictions in such activities.
Oral absorption of peptides: influence of pH and inhibitors on the intestinal hydrolysis of leu-enkephalin and analogues.

Leu-enkephalin (YGGFL) and several analogues were chosen as model peptides for the study of peptide absorption and hydrolysis in the rat jejunum. An HPLC assay was adapted to detect YGGFL or the analogues and metabolites. Peptide hydrolysis was studied in the rat jejunum using a single-pass perfusion method. Extensive hydrolysis of YGGFL was observed in the rat jejunum and approaches to reduce its metabolism were studied. The brush border enzymes are a major site of enkephalin hydrolysis. Lumenal peptidases were secondary to the brush border enzymes in hydrolyzing the enkephalins in this system. In the in situ perfusion system, YGGFL is hydrolyzed primarily to Tyr and GGFL by the brush border aminopeptidase and to YGG and FL by brush border endopeptidase. Lowering the jejunal pH below 5.0 significantly reduces aminopeptidase activity and, to a lesser extent, endopeptidase activity. An aminopeptidase inhibitor, amastatin, produced more pronounced inhibitory effects at higher pH and the endopeptidase inhibitors, tripeptides YGG and GGF, are effective even below pH 5.0. Coperfusion of YGGFL with a combination of aminopeptidase and endopeptidase inhibitors, e.g., amastatin and YGG, is more effective in inhibiting hydrolysis since both metabolic pathways are inhibited. Leu-D(Ala)2-enkephalin, while showing enhanced stability against aminopeptidase hydrolysis, is hydrolyzed at the Gly-Phe bond by the endopeptidase. Its hydrolysis is not affected by pH changes or amastatin but is decreased by YGG. The YGGFL wall permeability was estimated and is not a limiting factor for oral absorption.
The Gaussian Interference Channel with lack of codebook knowledge at one receiver: Symmetric capacity to within a gap with a PAM input

The study of the two-user Gaussian Interference Channel (IC) where one receiver lacks knowledge of the interfering codebook, also dubbed the IC with an oblivious receiver (IC-OR), is motivated by: (1) in heterogeneous, cognitive, distributed or dynamic networks, assuming that every node posses codebooks of every other node may not be practical, and (2) it is not clear whether and how much lack of codebook knowledge would affect the Han and Kobayashi (HK) achievable scheme, which involves joint decoding of intended and interfering messages and which appears not possible if nodes do not possess all codebooks. To address these issues, we evaluate a simplified HK (where the oblivious receiver treats interference as noise) with mixed inputs at the non-oblivious transmitter, i.e., a mixture of discrete and Gaussian random variables, where the power split between the two and the number of points of the discrete part are carefully chosen as a function of the channel parameters. The oblivious transmitter uses a purely Gaussian input. Surprisingly, for this choice of inputs, the capacity region of the symmetric Gaussian IC-OR is shown to be within 1 over 2 log (12πe) ≈ 3.34 bits of the best known outer bound for the classical Gaussian IC with full codebook knowledge at both receivers. Interestingly, this shows that a simplified HK where one receiver is restricted to treat interference as noise loses at most 1 over 2 log (12πe) ≈ 3.34 bits in performance. Moreover, the discrete part of the input behaves like a “common message” even though it is not jointly decoded (together with the intended messages) at the oblivious receiver.
Torsional Response of Tapered I-Girders

The differential equation of torsion is derived from first principles for tapered I-girders. It accounts for St. Venant, warping, and secondary stiffnesses. A number of boundary conditions are discussed. An analytical solution is obtained for linearly-tapered cantilever beams and is compared with finite difference solutions.
Specific cleavage of cystine peptides by cyanide.

Abstract The mechanism of cyanide cleavage of peptide bonds involving the cystine amino group has been shown to involve scission of the disulfide bond to yield a sulfhydryl and a thiocyano group. In pH ranges below 8, the latter cyclizes to produce an acyliminothiazolidine moiety on the peptide chain. This product is unstable and hydrolyzes spontaneously to effect cleavage of the peptide link on the cystine amino group. Increasing the pH favors disulfide scission but decreases the rate of ring closure. Above pH 10, thiocyanate ion is eliminated from the primary reaction products. Since the disulfide scission is unsymmetrical, reoxidation of the newly formed sulfhydryl groups is necessary to convert all cysteine residues to iminothiazolidine rings at the NH2-terminal ends of peptide chains.
Randomized self assembly of rectangular nano structures

Self assembly systems have numerous critical applications in medicine, circuit design, etc. For example, they can serve as nano drug delivery systems. The problem of assembling squares has been well studied. A lower bound on the tile complexity of any deterministic self assembly system for an N × N square is Ω(log(N)/log(log(N))) (inferred from the Kolmogrov complexity). Deterministic self assembly systems with an optimal tile complexity have been designed for squares and related shapes in the past. However designing Θ(log(N)/log(log(N))) unique tiles specific to a shape which needs to be self assembled is still an intensive task. Creating a copy of a tile is much simpler than creating a unique tile. With this constraint in mind probabilistic self assembly systems were introduced. These systems have O(1) tile complexity and the concentration of each of the tiles can be varied to produce the desired shape. Becker, et al. [1] introduced a line sampling technique which can self assemble m × n rectangles, where m is the expected width and n is the expected height of the rectangle. Kao, et al. [2] combined the line sampling technique with binary counters in a novel way to self assemble a supertile which can encode a binary string. This supertile can then be used to produce an n′ × n′ square such that (1 - e)n ≤ n′ ≤ (1 + e)n (for some relevant e) with probability ≥ 1 - δ for sufficiently large n (i.e., n ≥ f (e, δ), for some appropriate function f). Doty [3] made the idea of Kao more precise, however the underlying construction is still based on sub-tiles to perform binary counting and division. In this paper we present randomized algorithms that can self assemble squares, rectangles and rectangles with constant aspect ratio with high probability (i.e. Ω(1 - 1/nα), for any fixed α > 0) where n is the dimension of the shape which needs to be self assembled. Our self assembly constructions do not need any approximation frames introduced in Kao et al. [2] and hence are much cleaner and has significantly smaller constant in the tile complexity compared to both Kao [2] and Doty [3]. Finally In contrast to the existing randomized self assembly techniques our techniques can also self assemble a much stronger class of rectangles which have a fixed aspect ratio (α/β).
A randomized trial of dalteparin compared with ibuprofen for the treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis.

Summary. Background: Superficial thrombophlebitis can produce pain and result in a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) if not treated. Conservative therapies including prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and heat have been standard care. Recently, studies have been published reporting efficacy and safety of low-molecular-weight heparin for the treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis. However, there are few comparative trials to conservative therapy. We studied the effectiveness and safety of treatment with dalteparin compared with ibuprofen in patients with confirmed superficial thrombophlebitis. Methods: Consecutive patients were randomized to receive daily dalteparin vs. ibuprofen three times daily for up to 14 days. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of extension of thrombus or new symptomatic venous thromboembolism during the 14-day and 3-month follow-up period. The secondary outcome was a reduction in pain. The outcome measure of safety was the incidence of major and minor bleeding. Results: Of 302 consecutive patients screened, 72 were enrolled. Four patients receiving ibuprofen compared with no patients receiving dalteparin had thrombus extension at 14 days (P = 0.05), however, there was no difference in thrombus extension at 3 months. Both treatments significantly reduced pain. There were no episodes of major or minor bleeding during the treatment period. Conclusions: Dalteparin is superior to the NSAID ibuprofen in preventing extension of superficial thrombophlebitis during the 14-day treatment period with similar relief of pain and no increase in bleeding. However, questions concerning the optimal treatment duration should be explored in future trials.
Characterization of HOX gene expression in canine mammary tumour cell lines from spontaneous tumours

Spatial/temporal controls of development are regulated by the homeotic (HOX) gene complex and require integration with oncogenes and tumour suppressors regulating cell cycle exit. Spontaneously derived neoplastic canine mammary carcinoma cell models were investigated to determine if HOX expression profiles were associated with neoplasia as HOX genes promote neoplastic potential in human cancers. Comparative assessment of human and canine breast cancer expression profiles revealed remarkable similarity for all four paralogous HOX gene clusters and several unlinked HOX genes. Five canine HOX genes were overexpressed with expression profiles consistent with oncogene-like character (HOXA1, HOXA13, HOXD4, HOXD9 and SIX1) and three HOX genes with underexpressed profiles (HOXA11, HOXC8 and HOXC9) were also identified as was an apparent nonsense mutation in HOXC6. This data, as well as a comparative analysis of similar data from human breast cancers suggested expression of selected HOX genes in canine mammary carcinoma could be contributing to the neoplastic phenotype.
Klotho Regulates 14-3-3ζ Monomerization and Binding to the ASK1 Signaling Complex in Response to Oxidative Stress.

The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) signaling complex is a key regulator of p38 MAPK activity, a major modulator of stress-associated with aging disorders. We recently reported that the ratio of free ASK1 to the complex-bound ASK1 is significantly decreased in Klotho-responsive manner and that Klotho-deficient tissues have elevated levels of free ASK1 which coincides with increased oxidative stress. Here, we tested the hypothesis that: 1) covalent interactions exist among three identified proteins constituting the ASK1 signaling complex; 2) in normal unstressed cells the ASK1, 14-3-3ζ and thioredoxin (Trx) proteins simultaneously engage in a tripartite complex formation; 3) Klotho’s stabilizing effect on the complex relied solely on 14-3-3ζ expression and its apparent phosphorylation and dimerization changes. To verify the hypothesis, we performed 14-3-3ζ siRNA knock-down experiments in conjunction with cell-based assays to measure ASK1-client protein interactions in the presence and absence of Klotho, and with or without an oxidant such as rotenone. Our results show that Klotho activity induces posttranslational modifications in the complex targeting 14-3-3ζ monomer/dimer changes to effectively protect against ASK1 oxidation and dissociation. This is the first observation implicating all three proteins constituting the ASK1 signaling complex in close proximity.
Distributional Effects of the Great Recession: Where Has All the Sociology Gone?

We review the main distributional effects of the Great Recession and the ways in which those effects have been organized into narratives. The Great Recession may affect poverty, inequality, and other economic and noneconomic outcomes by changing individual-level behavior, encouraging the rise of new social movements or reviving older ones, motivating new economic policy and associated institutional change, or affecting the ideologies and frames through which labor markets and the key forces for economic change are viewed. The amount of sociological research within each of these areas is relatively small (compared with the amount contributed by other disciplines) and has focused disproportionately on monitoring trends or uncovering the causal effects of the Great Recession on individual-level behavior. We review this existing research and point to opportunities for sociologists to better understand how the Great Recession may be changing the economy as well as our narratives about its problems and dysfunct...
Autoethnography as a Legitimate Approach to HRD Research A Methodological Conversation at 30,000 Feet

I believe the field of human resource development (HRD) is missing out on the opportunity to expand our methodological approaches and ignoring the calls from others to be rebellious and look beyond...
Gastric Campylobacter-like organisms, gastritis, and peptic ulcer disease.

Abstract Although the presence of gastric bacteria has been long established, the recognition and isolation of Campylobacter pylori and similar organisms has opened a new era in the understanding of inflammatory gastroduodenal conditions. Visualization or isolation of gastric Campylobacter -like organisms (GCLOs) is significantly associated with histologic evidence of gastritis, especially of the antrum. Correlation with peptic ulceration also exists but probably is due to concurrent antral gastritis. Outbreaks of hypochlorhydria with concomitant gastritis have been attributed to GCLO infection, and a human volunteer became ill after ingesting C. pylori . Despite rapid microbiologic characterization of the organisms and the epidemiology, pathology, and serology of infection, the pathogenetic significance of GCLOs remains unknown. Whether GCLOs cause, colonize, or worsen gastritis must be considered an unanswered question at present. The efficacy of antimicrobial treatment of GCLO infection on the natural history of gastritis is not presently resolved. Nevertheless, GCLOs are at the least an important marker of inflammatory gastroduodenal disease, and attempts to ascertain their clinical significance are clearly warranted.
Net acceleration of high-energy electrons by net inverse Bremsstrahlung of a laser wave in a uniform magnetic field and a transverse undulating magnetic field

Abstract The nonzero net dc force acting on relativistic beam electrons traveling in a uniform magnetic field, a laser wave, and transverse undulating magnetic field (magnetic wiggler) is calculated by using quantum-kinetics in accordance with the correspondence principle. It is found that the average of this force can be as strong as the Lorentz force of the laser wave in an electron energy region beyong energies for free electron lasing, and decreases linearly with the inverse of the electron energy far beyond this energy region.
LOCALIZATION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL COMPLEXES FIXING ß1C (C3) IN GERMINAL CENTERS OF LYMPH NODES

28 human and 60 experimentally stimulated rabbit lymph nodes were studied by means of light microscopy and immunofluorescence. 21 of the 28 human lymph nodes showed well-developed germinal centers. IgM, IgG, and the s1C component of complement were found in the same distribution within germinal centers when examined in serial cryostat sections. 36 rabbits were stimulated with Brucella antigen, and 24 rabbits with BSA. A strikingly consistent correlation between distribution and appearance of specific staining for rabbit s1C, IgM, and IgG was observed; when lymph nodes were stimulated with BSA, antigen and specific antibody were present. Treatment of unfixed sections with citrate-buffered saline at low pH resulted in complete elution of immunoglobulins, s1C, and BSA from rabbit germinal centers, and in marked diminution of IgG and IgM in human germinal centers, while at the same time plasma cells remained strongly fluorescent. Specific selective fixation of heterologous (human) complement in rabbit germinal centers positive for s1C, IgG, IgM, and BSA was also obtained. These data present strong evidence for the existence within germinal centers of antigen-antibody complexes which fix at least the s1C component of complement in vivo. The possibility of complete elution of immunoglobulins from rabbit germinal centers can be taken as evidence that, at least for 20 days after primary and secondary stimulation, a major component of the immunoglobulins present in germinal centers is not produced locally but accumulates at the surface of cells.
Organic matter on clay minerals and marine sediments — effect on adsorption of dissolved copper, phosphate, and lipids from saline solutions☆

Abstract Adsorption of dissolved copper and phosphate by natural and peroxide-treated marine sediments was compared. A three-fold increase in copper adsorption and a six-fold increase in phosphate adsorption was caused by the peroxide treatment. Indigenous organic matter evidently interferes with adsorption. Clay minerals coated with heptadecanoic acid adsorbed somewhat less copper, phosphate, and hexadecane than uncoated clays, but slightly more nonadecanoic acid and anthracene.
Chronic parasitic infection alters reproductive output in deer mice

Parasitized animals may alter their life histories to minimize the costs of parasitism. Organisms are predicted to decrease investment in current reproduction when parasitism has the greatest impact on current reproductive ability. In contrast, if parasitism decreases residual reproductive value, hosts should increase current reproductive investment, referred to as fecundity compensation or terminal investment. In mammalian hosts, parasitic infection most often leads to reductions in current host reproduction, perhaps attributable to the emphasis on parasites that are unlikely to impact the host’s residual reproductive value. In this study, the life history response of a rodent, Peromyscus maniculatus, to infection with a parasite that should strongly impact the residual reproductive value of its host (Schistosomatium douthitti, Trematoda) was examined. Infection decreased survival for hosts exposed to a high dose of parasites and was chronic in survivors, confirming that infection had strong impacts for the residual reproductive value of the host. As predicted, infected mice increased their reproductive output, producing litters of greater mass due to heavier offspring. However, this increased output was observed after a greater delay to begin breeding in infected mice and was not observed in animals that suffered early mortality. The deer mouse S. douthitti system may provide a rare example of fecundity compensation in mammals.
The Effects of Prior Achievement and Group Outcome on Attributions and Affect in Cooperative Tasks

Abstract This study explored the effects of prior achievement and group outcome on college students′ attributions and affective reactions to cooperative tasks. Following a group assignment, students responded to a questionnaire measuring their attributions for self, attributions for their group partners, and several affective variables. Results indicated that students′ prior achievement strongly influences their attributions for their partners while group outcome influences self-attributions. Both prior achievement and group outcome influence affective reactions to the assignment. Specifically, high-achieving students may suffer negative motivational consequences in cooperative learning tasks.
A Case-Based Retrieval System Using Natural Language Processing and Population-Based Visualization

Electronic medical records capture large quantities of patient data generated as a result of routine care. Secondary use of this data for clinical research could provide new insights into the evolution of diseases and help assess the effectiveness of available interventions. Unfortunately, the unstructured nature of clinical data hinders a user's ability to understand this data: tools are needed to structure, model, and visualize the data to elucidate patterns in a patient population. We present a case-based retrieval framework that incorporates an extraction tool to identify concepts from clinical reports, a disease model to capture necessary context for interpreting extracted concepts, and a model-driven visualization to facilitate querying and interpretation of the results. We describe how the model is used to group, filter, and retrieve similar cases. We present an application of the framework that aids users in exploring a population of intracranial aneurysm patients.
Stability of Ethanol-Extracted Brown Rice to Hydrolytic and Oxidative Deterioration

Brown rice kernels extracted with EtOH at 7°C for 60 min were the most stable to lipolytic hydrolysis; free fatty acids (FFA) level in these kernels increased from 1.0–1.4% during 6 mo storage at 36°C. At lower extraction temperatures and times, kernels were less stable to lipolytic hydrolysis. The higher the temperature of extraction, the more susceptible kernels were to oxidative deterioration during storage; extraction time was not a factor. Kernels extracted with recycled EtOH were no more susceptible to oxidation than those extracted with fresh EtOH.
Cellular instability in rapid directional solidification: Bifurcation theory

Merchant and Davis performed a linear stability analysis on a model for the directional solidification of a dilute binary alloy valid for all speeds. The analysis revealed that nonequilibrium segregation effects modify the Mullins and Sekerka cellular mode, whereas attachment kinetics has no effect on these cells. In this paper, the nonlinear stability of the steady cellular mode is analyzed. A Landau equation is obtained that determines the amplitude of the cells. The Landau coefficient here depends on both nonequilibrium segregation effects and attachment kinetics. This equation gives the ranges of parameters for subcritical bifurcation (jump transition) or supercritical bifurcation (smooth transition) to cells.
INFLUENCE OF BOULDERS ON NETLEAF HACKBERRY (CELTIS RETICULATA) GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION IN THE WASATCH FOOTHILLS

Abstract. In a landscape, abiotic features, such as boulders, influence microhabitats and consequently affect patterns of vegetation. We hypothesized that boulders in the foothills of the Wasatch Mountains east of Provo, Utah, affected the growth patterns of netleaf hackberry (Celtis reticulata) by providing shade on their north faces. To test this hypothesis, we set up 3 transects 6 m wide and up to 50 m long. Along these transects, we measured all hackberries taller than 30 cm (n = 249). We recorded whether the hackberries grew within 0.5 m of a boulder that was at least 0.5 m along one dimension. We found that hackberries at our study site were more likely to be associated with boulders (n = 225; 90.4%) than to be growing alone (n = 24; 10.7%) (x2 = 162.25, df = 1, P < 0.001). For each hackberry associated with a boulder, we took a direction bearing from the center of the boulder to the place where the hackberry was rooted. We found that hackberries associated with boulders were more likely to grow nea...
Sesquiterpenes and thiarubrines from Ambrosia trifida and its transformed roots

Abstract The roots of giant ragweed ( Ambrosia trifida ) afforded β-farnesene, β-bisabolene and squalene. In addition, thiarubrine B and its related thiop
The Cores of dark matter dominated galaxies: Theory versus observations

We use the rotation curves of a sample of dark matter-dominated dwarf and low surface brightness (LSB) late-type galaxies to study their radial mass distributions. We find that the shapes of the rotation curves are remarkably similar for all (both dwarf and LSB) galaxies in the sample, suggesting a self-similar density distribution of their dark matter (DM) halos. This shape can be reproduced well by a density profile with a shallow central cusp [ρ(r) ∝ 1/rγ, γ ≈ 0.2-0.4] corresponding to a steeply rising velocity curve [v(r) ∝ rg, g ≈ 0.9-0.8]. We further show that the observed shapes of the rotation curves are well matched by the average density profiles of dark matter halos formed in very high resolution simulations of the standard cold dark matter model (CDM), the low-density CDM model with cosmological constant (ΛCDM), and the cold + hot dark matter model with two types of neutrino (CHDM). This is surprising in light of several previous studies, which suggested that the structure of simulated dark matter halos is inconsistent with the dynamics of dwarf galaxies. We discuss possible explanations for this discrepancy and show that it is most likely caused by the systematic differences at small radii between the analytic model proposed by Navarro, Frenk, & White, with γNFW = 1, and the actual central density profiles of the dark matter halos. We also show that the mass distributions in the hierarchically formed halos are on average consistent with the shape of rotation curves of dark matter-dominated galaxies. However, the scatter of the individual profiles around the average is substantial. Finally, we show that the dark matter halos in our hierarchical simulations and the real galaxies in our sample exhibit a similar decrease in their characteristic densities with increasing characteristic radial scales and show increase in their maximum rotation velocities with increase in the radii at which their maximum velocities occur.