cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surgical control of clinically localized prostate carcinoma is equivalent in African-American and white males

Few studies have compared the outcome of radical prostatectomy between African-American males (AAM) and white males, and the results of the few studies that have are conflicting. Therefore, the authors examined the impact of radical surgery on localized prostate carcinoma in both patient populations, and assessed whether stratification by pathologic extent of local disease would yield an equivalent outcome.
Photon correlation spectroscopy used as a particle size diagnostic in sooting flames.

The feasibility of using photon correlation spectroscopy for the determination of particulate size in flames is demonstrated. The advantages of PCS include negligible perturbation of the system, real time analysis, and in situ measurements of particle sizes. (AIP)
Complex Signal Usage By Advertising Male Green Anoles (Anolis carolinensis): A Test of Assumptions

Abstract The Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis) has three stereotyped head bob displays (labeled A, B, and C) which it differentially uses during directed hetero- and consexual exchanges. We found free-ranging males advertise (i.e., nondirected signaling) with the same three displays in a complex but consistent manner. From videotapes of 10 adult males recorded across breeding and postbreeding seasons, we analyzed 2308 nondirected displays from two functional subsets of the advertisement context—”monitor” (stationary males signaling from monitoring sites) and “travel” (males signaling while moving between monitoring sites). Using five hypotheses to guide the analysis, we found breeding males (1) used all three display types during both monitor and travel; (2) averaged mostly C displays during monitor (ratio of C:A + B = 4:1); (3) increased A and B displays four-fold during travel (C:A + B = 1:1); (4) averaged a four-fold lower display rate during monitor than during travel (displays/min = 0.8 vs. 3.5, resp...
The ion drive program - Comet rendezvous issues for SEPS developers

Preliminary steps have been taken in a joint high-priority project between NASA and the European Space Agency, whereby a Solar Electric Propulsion System (SEPS), using ion drive of a 25-30 kilowatt power level, will be utilized for the first time, as part of the Space Transportation System, in powering a probe to be deployed toward Halley's comet in 1985 and a separate spacecraft which will rendezvous with the Temple 2 comet in 1988 and study it for one year. Unlike ballistically-launched vehicles, an unprecedented long-term interaction between the SEPS, the primary source of power and attitude control, and the spacecraft, responsible for data handling (at a rate of 10-120 kilobits per second), and command and telecommunications to earth (requiring capabilities at both X- and S-band frequencies, for dual-frequency navigational tracking), is required, as mission phases alternate between powered flight and science data-taking. Different design sensitivities are presented graphically.
Recirculating photonic filter: a wavelength-selective time delay for phased-array antennas and wavelength code-division multiple access.

A novel wavelength-selective photonic time-delay filter is proposed and demonstrated. The device consists of an optical phased-array waveguide grating in a recirculating feedback configuration. It can function as a true-time-delay generator for squint-free beam steering in optically controlled phased-array antennas and as an encoding–decoding filter for wavelength code-division multiple access.
Hawaiian Barkcloth from the Bishop Museum Collections: A Characterization of Materials and Techniques in Collaboration with Modern Practitioners to Effect Preservation of a Traditional Cultural Practice

Hawaiian barkcloth (‘kapa’) is a traditional fabric made from beaten plant fibers. Because of its function in both utilitarian and chiefly ornaments, kapa is intimately tied to the history and traditions of Hawai’i. In the 19th century kapa was gradually replaced with imported textiles and the practice was lost. The traditional methods used to manufacture kapa are now only known from historic descriptions by early missionaries and explorers. Since the 1970s, cultural practitioners began an effort to revive this artform and are experimenting with materials and techniques to reproduce kapa with the quality of historic artifacts. Research has been undertaken at the Bishop Museum using a multi-analytical approach to determine the colorants. The Bishop Museum holds the world’s best collection of kapa, including some of the earliest pieces collected from Cook’s voyage in the 18th century. The research has focused on a comprehensive survey of over 150 pieces of kapa with x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). In some cases, samples were removed and analyzed with UV-Vis-NIR fiber optics reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and chromatographic techniques, including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Scientific results document the use of traditional pigments and dyes as well as the incorporation of imported materials in the 19th century. Results are interpreted by period, design and use, as well as within the context of historic descriptions. An important aspect of this work is close collaboration with cultural practitioners experienced fabrication methods that have been successful in the recreation of kapa. With continued research, the goal is to ultimately gain a greater knowledge of historic materials and techniques for the continuation of this important tradition.
Genetic Manipulation of Outer Membrane Permeability: Generating Porous Heterogeneous Catalyst Analogs in Escherichia coli

The limited permeability of the E. coli outer membrane can significantly hinder whole-cell biocatalyst performance. In this study, the SARS coronavirus small envelope protein (SCVE) was expressed in E. coli cells previously engineered for periplasmic expression of carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity. This maneuver increased small molecule uptake by the cells, resulting in increased apparent CA activity of the biocatalysts. The enhancements in activity were quantified using methods developed for traditional heterogeneous catalysis. The expression of the SCVE protein was found to significantly reduce the Thiele moduli (ϕ), as well as increase the effectiveness factors (η), effective diffusivities (De), and permeabilities (P) of the biocatalysts. These catalytic improvements translated into superior performance of the biocatalysts for the precipitation of calcium carbonate from solution which is an attractive strategy for long-term sequestration of captured carbon dioxide. Overall, these results demonstrate that synthetic biology approaches can be used to enhance heterogeneous catalysts incorporated into microbial whole-cell scaffolds.
Delayed Calf Muscle Phosphocreatine Recovery After Exercise Identifies Peripheral Arterial Disease

Delayed Calf Muscle Phosphocreatine Recovery After Exercise Identifies Peripheral Arterial DiseaseDavid C. Isbell, Stuart S. Berr, Alicia Y. Toledano, Frederick H. Epstein, Craig H. Meyer, Walter J...
Redox-linked conformational control of proton-coupled electron transfer: Y122 in the ribonucleotide reductase β2 subunit.

Tyrosyl radicals play essential roles in biological proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions. Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) catalyzes the reduction of ribonucleotides and is vital in DNA replication in all organisms. Class Ia RNRs consist of α2 and β2 homodimeric subunits. In class Ia RNR, such as the E. coli enzyme, an essential tyrosyl radical (Y122O•)-diferric cofactor is located in β2. Although Y122O• is extremely stable in free β2, Y122O• is highly reactive in the quaternary substrate-α2β2 complex and serves as a radical initiator in catalytic PCET between β2 and α2. In this report, we investigate the structural interactions that control the reactivity of Y122O• in a model system, isolated E. coli β2. Y122O• was reduced with hydroxyurea (HU), a radical scavenger that quenches the radical in a clinically relevant reaction. In the difference FT-IR spectrum, associated with this PCET reaction, amide I (CO) and amide II (CN/NH) bands were observed. Specific 13C-labeling of the tyrosine C1 carbo...
Endothelin modulates the cardiovascular effects of clonidine in the rat.

Abstract Clonidine decreases mean arterial pressure (MAP) by acting as an α2-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist in the central nervous system; it also acts on peripheral α-ARs to produce vasoconstriction. Endothelin (ET) has been shown to modulate the action of ARs. The present study was conducted to determine the involvement of ET in cardiovascular effects of clonidine. Intravenous administration of clonidine (10, 30 and 90 μg kg−1) produced a dose-dependent decrease in MAP and heart rate (HR). Treatment with ET-1 (100, 300 and 900 ng kg−1) significantly attenuated clonidine (10 μg kg−1) induced fall in MAP and HR. Rats treated with ET-1 (900 ng kg−1) showed an increase in MAP and HR after clonidine administration compared to untreated rats, while ETA/B antagonist, TAK-044 (1 mg kg−1) and ETA antagonist, BMS-182874 (9 mg kg−1) potentiated the hypotensive effect of clonidine. ETB receptor agonist, IRL-1620 (5 μg kg−1) produced significant attenuation of clonidine induced fall in MAP and HR, while ETB receptor antagonist, BQ-788 (0.3 mg kg−1), potentiated the hypotensive effect of clonidine. Prazosin (0.1 mg kg−1) completely blocked ET-1 induced changes in cardiovascular effects of clonidine. Clonidine-induced contraction of rat abdominal aortic ring was potentiated by ET-1, which was completely blocked by prazosin. Clonidine produced an increase in ETA receptor expression in the brain and abdominal aorta while ETB receptors were not affected. It is concluded that ET enhances the responsiveness of vascular ARs to the constrictor effect of clonidine and ET antagonists potentiate the hypotensive effect of clonidine suggesting that a combination of ET antagonist with clonidine may be a useful option to treat hypertension.
Core Values and Commitments in College: The Surprising Return to Ethics and Character in Undergraduate Education

A surprising thing happened on the way to increasing secularism in American higher education: colleges and universities have become increasingly engaged with the moral values and character development of their students. This article examines the return to ethics and character on campus and what the search for core values and commitments means for undergraduate student learning and development.
Psychiatric and behavioral problems in aggressive drivers

Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) are a leading cause of accidental death and injury, and aggressive driving has been identified as a risk factor for MVAs. Assessing psychiatric and behavioral disturbances in aggressive drivers is germane to the development of prevention and intervention programs for this population. The present study compared the prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses and behavioral problems in young adult drivers with self-reported high driving aggression to that of drivers with low driving aggression. Aggressive drivers evidenced a significantly higher current and lifetime prevalence of Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders, and Cluster B Personality Disorders, and a significantly greater lifetime prevalence of Conduct Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and Intermittent Explosive Disorder. Aggressive drivers also had a significantly greater prevalence of self-reported problems with anger, as well as a greater family history of anger problems and conflict. The findings suggest that prevention and intervention programs designed to reduce aggressive driving may need to address the presence of psychiatric and behavioral problems that could potentially complicate treatment or impede responses to treatment.
NMR Spectroscopy Studies of Hybridoma Metabolism in a Simple Membrane Reactor

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to examine the metabolism of hybridoma cells in a simple immobilized-cell membrane reactor. Although the reactor was not suitable for maintaining viable cells over extended periods, several types of experiments were performed. Phosphorylated and carbonaceous metabolites were observed on-line with 31P and 13C NMR. Complementary information about glutamine metabolism was provided by 15N NMR spectra of concentrated supernatants. Extracellular contributions to NMR spectra were measured in a second vessel containing only medium. 3IP NMR measurements demonstrated that the perfused cells were stable to changes in the concentration of dissolved oxygen and to a brief interruption in medium recirculation. In tracer experiments utilizing [I-13C]D-glucose as a substrate, lactate and alanine were detected in vivo, along with some as of yet unassigned compounds. When cells were exposed to a high initial concentration of [I-13C]D-glucose, lactate and alanine appeared immediately and attained their maximum recorded levels at similar times. When cells were subjected to a step change in the glucose concentration from 2–10 mM, intracellular lactate and nucleoside triphosphates (NTP) increased sharply, but alanine formation was not evident until nearly five hours later. In both cases, the intracellular concentrations of labeled lactate and alanine were estimated directly from the 13C NMR spectra.
Information technology for optimizing the management of infectious diseases.

As with other areas of health care, a significant need exists for improving the quality of infectious diseases (ID) management. This is evidenced by reports of high rates of inadequate or inappropriate antimicrobial therapy in both the inpatient and outpatient settings. For example, 55% of the 41
Preventing sidelobe printing in applying attenuated phase-shift reticles

One major limitation of applying attenuated phase shift mask (PSM) is sidelobe printing. The sidelobe is caused by constructive interference of the first order of diffraction maximum from nearby features, plus the electrical fields from semi-transparent materials in the surrounding area. The impact of defocus, lens aberration, and layout design on sidelobe printing are discussed. A detailed comparison between printed wafers and aerial image simulations shows how these factors affect sidelobe printing. Data show tight control on both the third and the fifth order aberrations is critical in PSM application. Since the degree of coherence and the stepper's response to coherence transfer function will significantly affect the performance of PSM, tests on phase shift mask are necessary to qualify a stepper. An alternative approach that uses attenuated rim shifter PSM to prevent sidelobe printing is presented and discussed.
Fecundity and Longevity of the Adult Female Pink Bollworm Reared on Natural and Synthetic Diets

Oviposition and longevity records were taken of adult female pink bollworms, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), reared from cotton squares, green bolls, 1% and 5% cottonseed meal diets and a wheat germ diet. The insects were paired and maintained in individual cages at 80° F. Average egg production per female from the various larval rations was: square-reared moths, 98.1 eggs; boll-reared, 204.3; 1% meal, 336.7; 5% meal, 302.1; and wheat germ, 312.2. The average duration of the adult life span for females reared from the various diets ranged from 15.4 to 17.2 days. Highly significant correlations were found between body weight and egg production and longevity and egg production. Generally, the heaviest females and those that lived the longest periods produced the greatest number of eggs. There was no correlation between body weight and longevity.
Discrimination of C1:G72 MicrohelixAla by AlaRS is based on specific atomic groups rather than conformational effects: An NMR and MD analysis

The acceptor stem domain of tRNAAla contains the major recognition elements for aminoacylation by Escherichia coli alanine−tRNA synthetase (AlaRS). Previous studies established that a simple base pair transversion (G1:C72 → C1:G72) completely abolishes in vitro aminoacylation with alanine of duplexAla substrates. Subsequent atomic group “mutagenesis” experiments, wherein over 30 base pair variants were introduced at this site, revealed that the presence of a major groove carbonyl oxygen at position 72 functions as a negative determinant. Although, these previous biochemical studies strongly suggested the critical nature of a blocking element at this site, they could not rule out the possibility that conformational changes were responsible for the observed effects on aminoacylation. The mechanism of discrimination at the first base pair is further examined here. In particular, to establish whether conformational change contributes to the striking difference in aminoacylation activity, NMR spectroscopy and ...
Outcomes for patients who develop both breast and colorectal cancer

Background Patients diagnosed with both breast and colorectal cancer are not uncommon and will likely be seen more often as the population ages and treatment modalities improve. Survival outcomes for such patients have not been previously reported.
Lipids of myocardial membranes: Susceptibility of a fraction enriched in sarcolemma to hydrolysis by an exogenous mammalian phospholipase A2

A myocardial membrane fraction enriched in sarcolemma was used to determine the susceptibility of the lipids to hydrolysis by a phospholipase A2 from granulocytes. After incubation (37 C, pH 7.0, 5 mM Ca2+) with the phospholipase A2 for 30 min, a more than 3-fold increase in unesterified fatty acids was found (up to 47 nmol/mg protein; P<0.001) relative to a control incubated without phospholipase A2 or Ca2+. This included a 10-fold increase in the arachidonic acid content (up to 42 mol %) and at least a 7-fold increase in lysophosphatidylethanolamine (up to 7.4 mol% total phospholipid-P). However, the exogenous phospholipase did not augment the quantity of lysophosphatidylcholine produced by endogenous phospholipases in the presence of Ca2+ (5 mM). These results demonstrate the in vitro susceptibility of phospholipids of myocardial membranes, particularly phosphatidylethanolamine, to the neutral-active, Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2 from granulocytes. This work may be relevant to myocardial inflammation and tissue damage during ischemia, where heterolytic injury of the myocardium may occur subsequent to the accumulation of granulocytes.
Application of elastic lidar to PM10 emissions from agricultural nonpoint sources

PM10 emissions from nonpoint sources need to be quantified in order to effectively meet air quality standards. In California's Central Valley, agricultural operations are highly complex but significant sources of PM10 that are difficult to quantify using point sampling arrays. A remote sensing technique, light detection and ranging (lidar), using a small field portable, fast-scanning lidar shows great potential for measuring PM10 emissions from agricultural nonpoint sources. The qualitative capabilities of the lidar instrument are demonstrated for land preparation operations at a wheat field. The range (>5 km), spatial resolution (2.5 m) and fast response times (s) of the lidar allow the following: (i) plume dynamics to be described in detail and eventually to be modeled as a function of source fluctuations and environmental conditions, (ii) measurements of average wind speed and direction over 50−100 m scales, (iii) quantitative determination of the fraction of dust missed by point sampling arrays, and ...
Dianilides of dipicolinic acid function as synthetic chloride channels

We report that N2,N6-bis(4-nitrophenyl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide, which is related to known isophthalic acid dianilides, transports Cl− ions through phospholipid bilayer membranes and shows clear evidence of channel activity.
Craving, Cue Reactivity, and Stimulus Control Among Early-Stage Young Smokers: Effects of Smoking Intensity and Gender

Introduction Smoking initiation usually begins in adolescence, but how and for whom nicotine dependence emerges during this period is unclear. The cue-reactivity paradigm is well suited to examine one marker of dependence: craving-related stimulus control, i.e., the ability of environmental cues to elicit craving to smoke. This study examined the effects of both level of smoking involvement (daily vs. occasional smoking) and gender on reactivity to both smoking and alcohol cues. Methods Young (age range 16-20; 42% female) daily (n = 55) and occasional (n = 52) smokers were exposed to each of three counterbalanced cues: (a) in vivo smoking (e.g., sight, smell, lighting of cigarette), (b) alcohol (e.g., opening, pouring, and smell of preferred beverage), and (c) neutral cue. Results Daily smokers exhibited higher levels of tonic (i.e., noncue-elicited) craving than did occasional smokers. Both groups showed significant increases in craving in response to cues (i.e., cue-elicited craving), with little evidence that cue-elicited craving differed between groups. Females were more cue reactive to both the alcohol and smoking cues than males, particularly for the positively reinforced aspects of smoking (i.e., hedonic craving). There were no gender × group interaction effects in response to either the alcohol or the smoking cue. Conclusions Findings show the presence of cue-elicited craving even among occasional smokers and are consistent with literature demonstrating heightened sensitivity to environmental cues among females. Cue-elicited craving may be one mechanism that contributes to the maintenance of smoking behavior and perhaps to the development of nicotine dependence within early stage smokers.
Air embolism as a complication of hip arthrography.

As an aid to correctly placing the needle tip within the hip joint during arthrography, injection of small amounts of air has been used to outline the joint space. Over a period of seven years, air embolus has been noted in three pediatric patients, twice with minor symptoms, and once with cardiac arrest.
Games with Discontinuous Payoffs

We prove an equilibrium existence result for a class of games with an infinite number of strategies. Our theorem generalises an earlier result by Dasgupta and Maskin. We also identify conditions under which the limit of pure-strategy equilibria of a sequence of finite games is an equilibrium for the limit game. We apply this result to obtain new existence results for the multi-firm, i-dimensional version of Hotellings's location game. The techniques used suggest a technique for computing such equilibria. This paper studies games with discontinuous payoffs. Any game with a compact set of strategies can be approximated by a sequence of finite games. We study the correspondence mapping each approximation to the limit game to its mixed-strategy equilibria and identify conditions under which the limit of such equilibria is an equilibrium for the limit game. When payoffs are discontinuous, this property will not hold in general. An equilibrium for the limit game may not exist or, if it does exist, the equilibrium correspondence may not be upper hemi-continuous. The topic is of concern to economists for two, rather different, reasons. The existence question is clearly important in its own right. In many games that interest economists, payoff functions fail to be continuous or even semi-continuous. Standard existence theorems (Debreu (1952), Glicksberg (1950), (1952), etc.), therefore, are inapplicable. Two classical examples are Bertrand's (1883) model of price competition and Hotelling's (1929) model of spatial competition. Recent work on auction theory (see Milgrom-Weber (1982)) and dynamic oligopoly models (surveyed in Fudenberg-Tirole (1983)) has generated many more instances. The second reason for interest in the equilibrium correspondence is pragmatic. Finite games are generally much more tractable than infinite games. When the equilibrium correspondence is upper hemi-continuous, the easiest way to find an equilibrium for an infinite game may be to calculate the equilibria of a sequence of finite games and take limits.1 The seminal paper on games with discontinuous payoffs is Dasgupta-Maskin (DM) (1986a). This paper proves an existence theorem under assumptions that are strictly weaker than DM's. The key difference between our approach and DM's is as follows. DM identify conditions under which the limit of equilibria of any sequence of approximating finite games is an equilibrium for the limit game. These conditions are quite restrictive. They may be violated even though dominant strategy equilibria exist for the limit game. Our approach to the existence problem is different. We consider a given sequence of approximating games and ask when the limit of equilibria for this particular sequence will be an equilibrium for the limit game.2
Interbreed Matings in Dairy Cattle. III. Economic Aspects

Abstract Two- and three-breed crosses among Ayrshires, Brown Swiss and Holsteins were compared to contemporary purebreds for first lactation income per cow over feed cost under 11 milk price–feed cost combinations. Milk prices included one of three differentials for milk fat. Four milk prices included differentials for protein and SNF. The Ayrshires, Brown Swiss and their cross were signiflcantly lower than two-breed crosses of 1/2 Holstein and three-breed crosses for income over feed costs. The 1/2 Holstein two-breeds were 12-14% above the parental mean for returns over feed costs but Ayrshire × Swiss showed no advantages. Deviations from parental means for three-breed crosses (range 9.7-32.4%) were higher than for two-breed crosses for all milk-fed pricing combinations. When costs of veterinary treatment, dry cow maintenance and unrealized returns due to mortality were added to income over feed costs, the economic worth of Ayrshire × Holstein, Brown Swiss × Holstein and Holstein × (Ayrshire × Brown Swiss) was enhanced in comparison to Holsteins while that for the Brown Swiss × (Holstein × Ayrshire) and Ayrshire × (Holstein × Brown Swiss) groups declined. These results show that when economie values are applied to elements of performance the merits of crossbreds are quite different from assessments made on any single trait.
Spatial heterodyne interferometry with polarization gratings

The implementation of a polarization-based spatial heterodyne interferometer (SHI) is described. While a conventional SHI uses a Michelson interferometer and diffraction gratings, our SHI exploits mechanically robust Wollaston prisms and polarization gratings. A theoretical model for the polarization SHI is provided and validated with data from our proof of concept experiments. This device is expected to provide a compact monolithic sensor for subangstrom resolution spectroscopy in remote sensing, biomedical imaging, and machine vision applications.
2011 MOBIUS Conference

The twelfth annual MOBIUS Conference was held June 7–9, 2011, at the Holiday Inn Executive Center in Columbia, Missouri. The MOBIUS consortium of Missouri is currently composed of fifty-nine academic libraries, two public libraries, and the Missouri State Library. The conference offered various opportunities, including a keynote address by Meredith Farkas and a networking dessert session on the first night. The second day featured six concurrent sessions, each having six different presentations, along with delicious food, generous door prizes, and the chance to meet with vendors. The third day consisted of four different four-hour post-conference training sessions. Presentations are available for download from the conference Web site.1
A rapid and sensitive assay for pyrimidine dimers in DNA.

Abstract We have developed a rapid, sensitive assay for pyrimidine dimers. The assay has greatly facilitated the purification and characterization of the photoreactivating enzyme. The procedure depends on (1) the resistance of the nucleotide phosphate bond in dimer-containing regions of DNA to attack by DNase I, venom phosphodiesterase and alkaline phosphatase and (2) selective adsorption to Norit of mononucleosides and 32 P-labeled, dimer containing oligonucleotides (but not 32 P 1 ) resulting from nuclease digestion of highly-purified, 32 P-labeled bacteriophage DNA. The method is sensitive and rapid. The presence of the usual nuclease activities found in cell extracts does not interfere with the assay. Thus photoreactivating enzyme activity can be detected even in the presence of non-specific or uv-specific nucleases. Neither photoreactivation nor the digestion reaction is affected by purification agents at concentrations commonly used in enzyme purification.
Video BenchLab demo: an open platform for video realistic streaming benchmarking

In this demonstration, we present an open, flexible and realistic benchmarking platform named Video BenchLab to measure the performance of streaming media workloads. While Video BenchLab can be used with any existing media server, we provide a set of tools for researchers to experiment with their own platform and protocols. The components include a MediaDrop video server, a suite of tools to bulk insert videos and generate streaming media workloads, a dataset of freely available video and a client runtime to replay videos in the native video players of real Web browsers such as Firefox, Chrome and Internet Explorer. Various metrics are collected to capture the quality of video playback and identify issues that can happen during video replay. Finally, we provide a Dashboard to manage experiments, collect results and perform analytics to compare performance between experiments.The demonstration showcases all the BenchLab video components including a MediaDrop server accessed by real web browsers running locally and in the cloud. We demo the whole experiment lifecycle from creation to deployment as well as result collection and analysis.
A Radical Analysis of Welfare Economics and Individual Development

I. On individual welfare, 574. — II. An overview critique, 576. — III. The generalized production possibilities set, 579. — IV. Functional imperatives and individual development, 580. — V. Structural operation: Associative, cybernetic, and institutional patterning, 584. — VI. Recapitulation, 587. — VII. Work, 590. —VIII. Technology, 591. — IX. Education, 592. — X. Consumer sovereignty, 594. — XI. Conclusion, 595.
Radiation Dose Reduction in CT Coronary Angiography

During recent years, technologic advancements in computed tomography (CT) have allowed robust cardiac and coronary imaging. Small, mobile cardiac structures such as the coronary arteries can now be imaged directly and noninvasively with high precision. Given the fact that coronary CT angiography (CCTA) can detect preclinical calcified and noncalcified atherosclerosis, there is potential to revolutionize the management of ischemic heart disease by refining risk stratification and improving outcomes in various clinical settings. However, despite this progress, CT has come under scrutiny as concerns about the level and risk of the radiation exposure of the population grow. Although there are no data to support a direct association between CT imaging and risk of future cancer, health care practitioners should make every effort to minimize radiation exposure to their patients. The purpose of this article is to describe techniques that can reduce radiation dose to patients during CCTA but maintain diagnostic image quality.
Antibody deficiency with normal immunoglobulins

Total nephrectomy was performed in our patient even though only an upper pole tumor was identified because the lower pole renin values were markedly elevated and it was uncertain that only a single tumor existed. In a similar patient? segmental renal vein-renin data revealed increased secretion from the middle pole area, but at surgery only an upper pole tumor could be identified. Following nephrectomy, the upper pole lesion was diagnosed as a cortical mesenchymal nodule, whereas a renin-secreting tumor was found in the region of the middle pole corresponding to the area of increased renin secretion. In our patient, examination of renal tissue from the lower pole as well as from the remainder of the nontumorous renal parenchyma revealed severe arteriolar changes, but no tumor. The elevated renin activity from the left lower pole renal vein suggests that these arteriolar lesions resulted in compromised distal perfusion. In contrast, the patient who underwent successful tumorectomy '~ had maximal elevation of renin activity from the tumorous segment of the involved kidney, and the adjacent parenchyma showed only mild intimal proliferation of the small arteries. Similarly, vessels in the nontumorous renal parenchyma of other reported patients have either been normal or have had less severe changes than in our patient.' .... Consequently, in our patient tumorectomy alone might not have been successful. These findings suggest that identification of patients who may benefit from local excision of renin-secreting tumors may be improved by segmental renal vein-renin determinations. When increased segmental renin secretion coincides with the anatomic localization of the tumor, the decision to perform a subtotal nephrectomy would be
Locality Principle and General Integral Equations of Micromechanics of Composite Materials

We consider a linearly thermoelastic composite medium, which consists of a homogeneous matrix containing either a statistically inhomogeneous random or deterministic set of inclusions, when the concentration of the inclusions is a function of the coordinates (so-called functionally graded materials). The composite medium is subjected to essentially inhomogeneous loading by the fields of the stresses, temperature, and body forces (e.g., for a centrifugal load). The general integral equations connecting the stress and strain fields in the point being considered and the surrounding points are obtained for the random and deterministic fields of inclusions. In so doing, the size of a region including the inclusions acting on a separate one is finite, that is, the locality principle takes place.
Behavioral stereotypies induced by `binge' cocaine administration are independent of drug-induced increases in corticosterone levels

Cocaine administration causes dramatic stereotypic behavior and elevation of circulating corticosterone levels in rodents. The present study tested the possible role of increased corticosterone in mediating stereotypic behavior caused by `binge' pattern cocaine administration. Animals were administered saline or cocaine intraperitoneally for 3 days, with or without pretreatment with a D1 (SCH 23390, 2 mg/kg) or D2 (sulpiride, 50 mg/kg) dopamine receptor antagonist. Three days of cocaine `binges' significantly increased corticosterone levels in vehicle pretreated rats (P<0.01). Both SCH 23390 and sulpiride pretreatment daily significantly attenuated this increase (P<0.01). Cocaine administration caused stereotypic behaviors in vehicle pretreatment rats (P<0.01). These behavioral responses were blocked by the D1 dopamine receptor antagonist SCH 23390, but not by the D2 antagonist sulpiride. These findings reaffirm the dominant role of the D1 receptor in mediating behavioral stereotypy caused by elevations of extracellular dopamine in the synaptic cleft. The fact that the dose of sulpiride used in these studies prevented the elevation of plasma corticosterone caused by cocaine, without blocking the stereotypy caused by cocaine, indicates that this stereotypic behavior does not require drug-induced elevation in circulating levels of corticosterone.
Trauma-Induced Bilateral Ectopia Lentis Diagnosed with Point-of-Care Ultrasound.

Abstract Background Ocular trauma and acute loss of vision are high-yield patient presentations that may benefit from the use of bedside ultrasound to aid in the diagnosis of a variety of vision-threatening problems. Case Report We present a case of bilateral lens dislocation in which the diagnosis of lens dislocation was missed on initial computed tomography of the orbits but detected on bedside ultrasound. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Point-of-care ultrasound can rapidly identify ocular pathology and expedite specialist consultation, and if necessary, transfer to a specialty center for further management.
Comparison Of Two Methods For Modeling Large-Signal Alternating Magnetic Fields Using Finite-Elements

As part of EPRI Project RP 1288-1 methods have been developed for applying finite element techniques in developing large generator equivalent circuit models. In earlier work, non-steady-state effects have been handled on a linearized basis, invoking the assumption of small signals. This paper describes more elaborate finite element techniques, which include magnetic non-linearities in non-steady-state calculations. The two methods compared are (a) the direct time-integration of the finite-element vector potential diffusion equation and (b) solution of the diffusion equation with phasor time dependence, assigning variable permeabilities in an iterative manner. Results of the two methods are compared using simple, slab geometry, but at flux density levels where gross non-linearities exist. These results are viewed as providinig cross-verification of the two procedures, and provide the basis for application of these techniques to generator analysis.
Molecular mechanisms of treatment resistance in endometriosis: the role of progesterone-hox gene interactions.

HOX genes, encoding homeodomain transcription factors, are dynamically expressed in endometrium, where they are necessary for endometrial growth, differentiation, and implantation. In human endometrium, the expression of HOXA10 and HOXA11 is driven by sex steroids, with peak expression occurring at time of implantation in response to rising progesterone levels. However, the maximal HOXA10 and HOXA11 expression fails to occur in women with endometriosis. In endometriosis, altered progesterone receptor expression or diminished activity may lead to attenuated or dysregulated progesterone response and decreased expression of progesterone-responsive genes including HOX genes in the eutopic endometrium. In turn, other mediators of endometrial receptivity that are regulated by HOX genes, such as pinopodes, αvβ3 integrin, and IGFBP-1, are downregulated in endometriosis. HOXA10 hypermethylation has recently been demonstrated to silence HOXA10 gene expression and account for decreased HOXA10 in the endometrium of women with endometriosis. Silencing of progesterone target genes by methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that mediates progesterone resistance. The relatively permanent nature of methylation may explain the widespread failure of treatments for endometriosis-related infertility.
Activation of the prostaglandin system in response to sleep loss in healthy humans: Potential mediator of increased spontaneous pain

Insufficient duration of sleep is a highly prevalent behavioral pattern in society that has been shown to cause an increase in spontaneous pain and sensitivity to noxious stimuli. Prostaglandins (PGs), in particular PGE2, are key mediators of inflammation and pain, and we investigated whether PGE2 is a potential mediator in sleep-loss-induced changes in nociceptive processing. Twenty-four participants (7 females, age 35.1+/-7.1 years) stayed for 7 days in the Clinical Research Center. After two baseline days, participants were randomly assigned to either 3 days of 88 h of sleep deprivation (TSD, N=15) or 8h of sleep per night (N=9), followed by a night of recovery sleep. Participants rated the intensity of various pain-related symptoms every 2h across waking periods on computerized visual analog scales. PGE2 was measured in 24-h-urine collections during baseline and third sleep deprivation day. Spontaneous pain, including headache, muscle pain, stomach pain, generalized body pain, and physical discomfort significantly increased by 5-14 units on a 100-unit scale during TSD, compared to the sleep condition. Urinary PGE2 metabolite significantly increased by about 30% in TSD over sleep condition. TSD-induced increase in spontaneous pain, in particular headache and muscle pain, was significantly correlated with increase in PGE2 metabolite. Activation of the PGE2 system appears to be a potential mediator of increased spontaneous pain in response to insufficient sleep.
Problems of stationary heat conduction and thermoelasticity for a body with heat release on a circular domain (crack)

An exact solution of singular integral equations given on a circular domain with polar and hypersingular kernels is presented. The right-hand sides of the equations are polynomials of the third degree and, in the axisymmetric case, of the fourth degree. These equations describe the stationary temperature field and the stress state in a body in the case where the temperature or the heat flow is given on a circular domain in the solid body or on a crack. Stress intensity factors are determined in the case of a crack.
Phytophagous Insects That Attack Larrea spp. (Zygophyllaceae) in Argentina and Their Potential for Biocontrol of Creosotebush (L. Tridentata) in North America

Abstract The genus Larrea originated in semiarid southern South America, where four species occur today. It spread to semiarid southwestern North America only 11,000 to 14,000 years before present where one species, L. tridentata (DC.) Coville (creosotebush), evolved. Creosotebush has increased greatly during the past 100 years to become a weed of major importance in rangelands by competing with beneficial forage plants. Biological control is possible through the introduction of natural enemies from closely related species of Larrea in Argentina. We and other workers have found a total of 110 species of insects that attack Larrea spp. there. Probably 15 species were sufficiently damaging, consistently found, and apparently host specific in our field collections to warrant further testing as candidates for introduction. These include three species of grasshoppers, three scale insects, two flat-headed wood-boring beetles, one leaf chafer, two jumping plant lice, several undetermined species of foliage-feeding caterpillars, darkling beetles, and a katydid.
Clinical, demographic, and medicolegal factors associated with geographic variation in inferior vena cava filter utilization: an interstate analysis.

Objectives Geographic variability exists in the use of IVC filters (IVCF). We hypothesized that variation in IVCF use is incompletely explained by variation in the prevalence of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) and may result from different practice patterns regarding prophylactic IVCF use. We characterize geographic variation in IVCF use at the state level and evaluate its association with clinical factors, patient demographics, and the medicolegal environment. Methods Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Database records were accessed to identify 230,445 IVCFs placed from 2006 to 2008 in 33 states. Similar queries were performed for DVT and PE. Additional state data were obtained from public sources. Analyses included descriptive statistics, Spearman Correlation (SC), Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and characterization of variability. Results Overall, IVCF use correlated with the prevalence of DVT (SC = 0.89, P Conclusion Variation in IVCF use is incompletely explained by clinical factors. High rates of IVCF per DVT in some states may represent increased use of prophylactic IVCF in states with litigious medicolegal environments.
Bonding in Macromolecular Crystals

Crystallographic data show that many inorganic crystals are inorganic polymers in which chemical bonds extend across the boundaries of the crystallographic unit cell. Crystals with metallic bonds form space-network (3-dimensional) polymers, as do ionically bonded crystals unless there is a great disparity in ionic radii. Covalently bonded inorganic crystals may form space-network, sheet (two-dimensional), or linear polymers. Organic macromolecular crystals have only been fully characterized for those cases in which bonding is covalent and the structure is linear. Where ionic bonding is involved, organic macromolecules probably form “scrambled salt structures.” The relation between crystal structure and polymer structure for macromolecular crystals can be characterized by the ratio between c, the number of atoms per crystallographic unit cell, and p, the number of chain atoms per polymer repeat unit. The ratio c:p is 1:1 for many space-network polymers, including most crystals of low symmetry. For linear polymers c:p is usually greater than 1:1. Factors contributing to the higher ratio are the number of chains passing through the unit cell and the number of substituent atoms that are attached to the polymer chain. In considering macromolecular crystals, the distinction between bond types (e.g., ionic versus covalent) is more significant than the distinction between chemical types (e.g., organic versus inorganic). Some of the most challenging problems exist in characterizing the crystals of macromolecules with intermediate bond type. Examples are gold iodide, where both covalent and metallic character must be recognized, and nylon, where hydrogen bonding is important.
The informed consent treatment report

Abstract A brief history of informed consent and introduction of the “Informed Consent Treatment Report” (ICTR) is presented. The ICTR is a document developed in 1984 that combines the requirements of informed consent and the elements of good treatment planning and presentation to achieve improved patient and practice management. An outline of the parts and sections of the ICTR is included as a guide for preparing an informed consent and treatment planning document.
Benefiting from mistakes: The impact of guided errors on learning, performance, and self-efficacy

We conducted an experiment using training in a software package for presentations. Ninety undergraduate students with no previous experience received either training that guided them to commit common errors or alternatively training that sought to prevent errors from occurring. From previous research and relevant theory, a typology for manipulating errors is presented. In addition, we offer and test a new way of using errors in training, based on guided errors. Before training, a subject matter expert identified common errors that occur when first learning the software package. Trainees in the guided-errors condition were then guided into and out of mistakes during training. Findings revealed superior performance (accuracy and speed) and self-efficacy associated with using guided errors during training. Study limitations and implications for research and practice are also discussed.
Evaluate human PK prediction of compound LY based on allometric scaling with three species

Purpose To evaluate prediction of human pharmacokinetics (PK) for compound LY after the single dose PK study. Methods. Single dose intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) PK data from rats, dogs and monkeys were fit to a one-compartment model using nonlinear mixed effect model (NONMEM). No species difference in metabolism or protein binding was needed for adjustment of CL. Absolute bioavailabilities were estimated and fixed at 70, 62 and 15% for rat, dog and monkey, respectively. Body Weight (BW) was incorporated into CL and V linearly with exponents either estimated or fixed to theoretical values of 0.75 for CL and 1 for V. A typical human assumed a 70 kg BW. The relationship between dose and AUC was simulated (Pharsight TS2). Predicted AUC vs. dose curves and associated 95% confidence interval were overlaid with observed data. Results. Exponents on BW were estimated to be 0.957 (SE=0.0388) for CL, and 1.02 (SE=0.0774) for V. When these exponents were fixed to theoretical values, human CL was underpredicted by 40% compared to CL predicted based on estimated exponents. Predicted AUC vs. dose curve based on estimated exponents and dog bioavailability encompassed observed. Conclusion. Allometric scaling using PK data from 3 animal species provide reasonable estimates of human PK parameters. Fixing exponents on body weight may not provide more accurate PK parameter estimates in human. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2004) 75, P30–P30; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.11.114