cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The equivalence of NF-style set theories with “tangled” type theories: the construction of o-models of predicative NF (and more)

An ω-model (a model in which all natural numbers are standard) of the predicative fragment of Quine's set theory “New Foundations” (NF) is constructed. Marcel Crabbe has shown that a theory NFI extending predicative NF is consistent, and the model constructed is actually a model of NFI as well. The construction follows the construction of ω-models of NFU (NF with urelements) by R. B. Jensen, and, like the construction of Jensen for NFU, it can be used to construct α-models for any ordinal α. The construction proceeds via a model of a type theory of a peculiar kind; we first discuss such “tangled type theories” in general, exhibiting a “tangled type theory” (and also an extension of Zermelo set theory with Δ0 comprehension) which is equiconsistent with NF (for which the consistency problem seems no easier than the corresponding problem for NF (still open)), and pointing out that “tangled type theory with urelements” has a quite natural interpretation, which seems to provide an explanation for the more natural behaviour of NFU relative to the other set theories of this kind, and can be seen anachronistically as underlying Jensen's consistency proof for NFU.
Effect of Slipping Yarn Friction on Stress Concentration Near Yarn Breaks in Woven Fabrics

The assumption of a constant friction force (simple slip assumption) on broken slipping yarns, which has been used in the micromechanical analysis of damage growth in stressed plain weave fabrics, is evaluated. In this analysis, the frictional traction on slipping yarns is variable. It starts from zero at the cut end of the yarn and approaches a constant value with exponential behavior, where the steepness of the approach depends on a parameter γ. The stress concentration factor (SCF) is determined for various values of γ as a function of increased loading. For values of γ that are expected to be physically realistic for most fabrics, the obtained SCF differs from that using the simple slip assumption by about 5%.
A simple method of purifying human sera for the assay of long-acting thyroid stimulator

Pour purifier les serums pour l'etalonnage du LATS, on les agite deux fois avec l'echangeur DEAE-Sephadex. Le surnageant contient la quantite entiere du LATS (96 ± 8%) et un taux fort reduit des autres proteines. Le traitement elimine la toxicite des serums et la plupart de l'iodure et de la thyroxine serique.
Yield fluctuations and defect models

This paper establishes a general statistical framework for analyzing wafer fallout data in order to obtain information about process induced defects. The statistical behavior of fallout during testing is characterized. A general model is presented that relates the yield to the test coverage and the defect distribution. This model incorporates arbitrary variations in the occurrence probabilities of different defects and arbitrary dependencies between the defects, although it still ignores correlations between the occurrence probability of a defect and whether or not this defect is detected. A statistical acceptance criterion for this model is proposed, based on a convexity property of the model. It is applied to a published set of yield data and shows that some striking features in these data cannot be due to mere statistical fluctuations. Some explanations of these features will be discussed.
Routine carbon monoxide screening by emergency medical technicians.

Residential carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning represents a significant cause of unintentional morbidity and mortality in the United States. Screening by fire departments and utility companies is usually limited to instances in which there are symptoms of CO poisoning or there is activation of a home CO detector. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether emergency medical services (EMS) personnel can perform routine CO screening during 911 calls. METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted in an urban EMS system using emergency medical technicians (EMTs) to screen for elevated CO levels during emergency responses. The EMTs carried hand-held CO meters that detect as little as one part per million of CO. Readings were taken at the patient's side during indoor patient contacts. If time allowed, a brief questionnaire was then administered to patients or by-standers concerning knowledge about CO poisoning, type of household heating system, and presence of home CO detectors. RESULTS: In a three-month convenience sample of emergency responses, there were 264 residential CO readings obtained. There were nine (3.4%) positive residential readings, all with chief complaints believed to be unrelated to CO toxicity. Two hundred twelve surveys were completed during these emergency responses, with 145 of 212 (68%) participants familiar with the term "carbon monoxide poisoning." Only 54 of 145 (37%) participants could name any signs or symptoms of CO poisoning. Of those surveyed, 133 of 212 (63%) participants reported an oil- or gas-powered heating system in their residence. Carbon monoxide detectors were absent in 185 of 212 (87%) residences, including all domiciles in which a positive CO reading was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Emergency medical services personnel can perform routine CO screening and detect occult elevations in CO levels during 911 responses. Public knowledge of CO poisoning is limited and the use of home CO detectors is rare in this study population. Language: en
Characterizing the Effects of Membrane Fluidity and Lipid Chain Length on the Antimicrobial Activity of Protegrin-1

Antimicrobial peptides are naturally occurring short amphipathic proteins, innate to the immune system and shown to induce selective lytic activity towards microbial pathogens. Protegrin-1 is an 18-residue, cationic, β-sheet antimicrobial peptide stabilized by two disulfide bonds. Concentration-dependent structural transformations of supported lipid bilayer patches as a result of peptide-membrane interactions have been visualized through the use of atomic force microscopy. A three-stage concentration-dependent transformation has been characterized, which begins with edge instability, followed by pore formation and worm-like micelle formation. This suggests that protegrin-1 acts to lower the line-energy at the edge of the bilayer. Membrane and lipid characteristics, including fluidity, charge and acyl chain length, can alter the activity of antimicrobial peptides. To identify the importance of both acyl-chain length and fluidity on the activity of protegrin-1, these two variables were decoupled. When the bilayers are examined at the same relative fluidity levels, they demonstrate the three-stage transformation observed on a fluid control bilayer, in contrast to the structural transformations that were observed in the gel phase bilayers. This suggests that fluidity exhibits a large influence on the transformations that occur as a result of protegrin-1. To examine the importance of acyl-chain length, the activity of antimicrobial peptides was studied using unsaturated bilayers. Our results indicate that the longer chain bilayers are less susceptible to disruption. This could be due to the hydrophobic mismatch between protegrin-1 and the thicker hydrophobic portion of longer chain lipid bilayers . These results highlight the importance of subtle membrane characteristics in the activity of antimicrobial peptides towards bacterial cells. Lipid bilayers with cholesterol are more accurate eukaryotic cell mimics and will allow examination of the selective preference of antimicrobial peptide activity.
Scheduling algorithms for video multicasting with channel diversity in wireless OFDMA networks

The demand for real-time video services coupled with the need for increased spectral efficiencies has brought a lot of attention to video multicasting in next generation OFDMA systems. Layered video provides an efficient solution to address the channel quality variation across users. However, the frequency selectivity across subchannels introduced by OFDMA serves as a drawback for multicast scheduling. This significantly diminishes the benefits of video layering and can potentially degrade the system performance to worse than that without channel diversity.Layering the PHY with the help of multi-resolution modulation serves as an effective tool to help retain channel diversity and leverage the benefits of layered video. While layering the PHY provides benefits to multicast in general, we show that its benefits are much more significant in a system with channel diversity. The corresponding multicast scheduling problem now becomes all the more challenging with multi-resolution modulation. In addressing this problem, we provide efficient scheduling solutions both for systems with and without channel diversity. Our solutions have provable performance guarantees and are amenable to practical implementation. Further, evaluation in realistic scenarios reveals close to optimal performance of our proposed solutions as well as the large benefits obtained by layering the PHY in OFDMA systems with channel diversity.
The correctness of a modified SECD machine

Landin's SECD Machine does not completely compute certain expressions of the l-calculus and so is modified by the addition of an output component and a unique name counter. This modified machine is proven to correctly implement the l-calculus.
Active focal zone sharpening for high-precision treatment using histotripsy

The goal of this study is to develop a focal zone sharpening strategy that produces more precise lesions for pulsed cavitational ultrasound therapy, or histotripsy. Precise and well-confined lesions were produced by locally suppressing cavitation in the periphery of the treatment focus without affecting cavitation in the center. The local suppression of cavitation was achieved using cavitation nuclei preconditioning pulses to actively control cavitation in the periphery of the focus. A 1-MHz 513-element therapeutic array was used to generate both the therapy and the nuclei preconditioning pulses. For therapy, 10-cycle bursts at 100-Hz pulse repetition frequency with P-/P+ pressure of 21/76 MPa were delivered to the geometric focus of the therapeutic array. For nuclei preconditioning, a different pulse was delivered to an annular region immediately surrounding the focus before each therapy pulse. A parametric study on the effective pressure, pulse duration, and delivery time of the preconditioning pulse was conducted in red blood cell-gel phantoms, where cavitational damage was indicated by the color change resulting from local cell lysis. Results showed that a short-duration (20 μs) preconditioning pulse at a medium pressure (P-/P+ pressure of 7.2/13.6 MPa) delivered shortly before (30 μs) the therapy pulse substantially suppressed the peripheral damage by 77 ± 13% while complete fractionation in the focal center was maintained. High-speed imaging of the bubble cloud showed a substantial decrease in the maximum width of the bubble cloud by 48 ± 24% using focal zone sharpening. Experiments in ex vivo livers confirmed that highly confined lesions were produced in real tissues as well as in the phantoms. This study demonstrated the feasibility of active focal zone sharpening using cavitation nuclei preconditioning, allowing for increased treatment precision compared with the natural focal width of the therapy transducer.
Nonlinear ultrafast femtosecond X-waves

Ultrafast intense femtosecond laser pulses spontaneously undergo critical collapse in air and condensed media above some critical power. In normally dispersive media, such pulses can spontaneously generate dynamical X-waves where distinct X-features appear in the spectrally-resolved far-field. These nonlinear self-trapped pulses resemble linear Bessel beams - the latter exhibit extended line rather than point foci and are robust to strong perturbations. Nonlinear X-waves can be directly generated by using an axicon lens and have the potential to generate highly nonlinear, extended interaction zones relative to pulses with Gaussian profiles. Potential applications of these pulsed sources to controlling and extending white light supercontinuum and plasma channel generation will be discussed. X-wave generation in normally dispersive media is associated witha cascade of pulse splittings where individual split pulses have been identified with different arms of the spectrally observed X-feature. This allows for novel pump-probe experiments where a seed pulse can selectively generate Raman Stokes shifted waves by scattering off of different arms of the X-feature. We will discuss a 3-wave interaction picture that allows for a transparent physical interpretation of these complex spatio-temporal events.
The international standardization of Modula-2

The process of creating an international standard for the Modula-2 programming language is now well underway. This paper (an updated and expanded version of [12]) describes current standardization efforts and sketches a number of changes being planned for the language.
Mapping Global Production in New York City's Garment Industry: The Role of Sunset Park, Brooklyn's Immigrant Economy

As a key production site in New York City's garment industry, Brooklyn's Sunset Park neighborhood is increasingly made up of small Asian and Latino immigrant-owned firms. Market conditions created by the globalization of garment production and the continued influx of low-skill immigrants promote a primary competitive advantage embedded in “low-road” strategies evident in the prevalence of sweatshop conditions. Reflecting a “carrot and stick” approach, Sunset Park has been a target for the federal and state departments of labor as well as the site for developing a garment manufacturers' incubator, Brooklyn Mills. This article examines the mismatch of using a conventional economic development strategy to address the conditions of Sunset Park's immigrant economy. Brooklyn Mills illustrates how immigrant firms feel the stick but benefit little in terms of innovative policy intervention, that is, carrots, to stimulate equitable development in a sweatshop economy.
Immunization Status of 2‐Year‐Olds in Middle/Upper‐ and Lower‐Income Populations: A Community Survey

Immunization rates of preschool children in the United States are well below recommended levels. Whereas low-income and minority groups have been targeted as at risk for inadequate immunization, the assumption is generally made that middle/upper-income children are adequately immunized through the private sector. We conducted a community-based survey that refutes this assumption. Only 31% of the 302 parents surveyed reported full immunization of their 2-year-olds. No significant differences were found in the immunization rates for middle upper-income (34% immunized) versus lower-income children (28% immunized). Failure to receive the 18-month doses of DTP and polio was the most frequent cause of inadequate coverage for both groups. Barriers to immunization reported by middle/upper- and lower-income parents were similar, with over one-third of the parents identifying cost and lack of insurance coverage as problems. Additional barriers related to methods of operations of providers. Findings have immediate implications for public health nurses in terms of assessing coverage of their own preschool populations and introducing corrective actions to improve levels of immunization.
Multifunctional neuroprotective derivatives of rasagiline as anti-Alzheimer's disease drugs.

The recent therapeutic approach in which drug candidates are designed to possess diverse pharmacological properties and act on multiple targets has stimulated the development of the multimodal drugs, ladostigil (TV3326) [(N-propargyl-(3R) aminoindan-5yl)-ethyl methyl carbamate] and the newly designed multifunctional antioxidant iron chelator, M-30 (5-[N-methyl-N-propargylaminomethyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline). Ladostigil combines, in a single molecule, the neuro-protective/neurorestorative effects of the novel anti-Parkinsonian drug and selective monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B inhibitor, rasagiline (Azilect, Teva Pharmaceutical Co.) with the cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitory activity of rivastigmine. A second derivative of rasagiline, M-30 was developed by amalgamating the propargyl moiety of rasagiline into the skeleton of our novel brain permeable neuroprotective iron chelator, VK-28. Preclinical experiments showed that both compounds have anti-Alzheimer’s disease activities and thus, the clinical development is oriented toward treatment of this type of dementia. This review discusses the multimodal effects of two rasagiline-containing hybrid molecules, namely ladostigil and M-30, concerning their neuroprotective molecular mechanisms in vivo and in vitro, including regulation of amyloid precursor protein processing, activation of protein kinase C, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, inhibition of cell death markers and upregulation of neurotrophic factors. Altogether, these scientific findings make these multifunctional compounds potentially valuable drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
Modeling the Response of Native Steelhead to Hatchery Supplementation Programs in an Idaho River

Abstract A life history model was used to predict the response of native steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss in the Lochsa River, Idaho, to long-term supplementation with hatchery fry and smolts. The four key factors affecting the response of the native fish to a stocking program were (1) the number of native spawners, (2) the number of stocked fish, (3) the number and fitness of progeny from stocked fish, and (4) the amount of mating between hatchery and native fish. Long-term stocking of fry or smolts led to the extinction of native fish in some scenarios. The model can be used to help assess the risks and benefits of proposed stocking programs.
Improving the School-Home Connection for Poor and Minority Urban Students.

By examining the various meanings of the term parent involvement and the changing conditions of family life for poor and minority youth, it is argued that urban schools must join with parents to help make the education of students as effective as possible. The potential for creating partnerships which involve a wide range of community resources is discussed.
A spectral study of 2-formylimidazole 4N-substituted thiosemicarbazones and their copper(II) complexes

Abstract Copper(II) complexes of 2-formylimidazole 4 N-methyl-, 4 N-dimethyl- 4 N-ethyl- and 3-hexa-methyleneiminylthiosemicarbazone, along with two nickel(II) complexes of the latter thiosemicarbazone, have been synthesized. Infrared, electronic, NMR and ESR spectra have been used to characterize the complexes and the uncomplexed thiosemicarbazones. None of the complexes or thiosemicarbazones possess growth inhibitory activity against Aspergillus niger and Paecilomyces variotii .
Probing negative bias temperature instability using a continuum numerical framework: Physics to real world operation

Abstract CMOS reliability is facing unprecedented challenges due to the continued scaling of device dimensions. To sustain the current scaling trends, it is imperative to understand the fundamental physics of failure mechanisms. Due to the inherent complexity of these mechanisms, some of the key failure mechanisms can be understood only by a numerical modeling approach. Most failure mechanisms have a characteristic time dependence to failure. Hence in this work, we use a numerical approach to investigate the time dependence of failure mechanism associated with interfacial kinetics at the Si/SiO 2 interface. Several models are critically examined to develop a reaction/diffusion based modeling framework for predicting interface state generation. Our modeling shows reactions at the Si/SiO 2 interface have a direct impact on the time dependence (or time slopes). These time kinetics predictions shed light on the underlying mechanisms behind an technologically important failure mechanism (negative bias temperature instability (NBTI)). In particular, the breaking of an interface SiH bond to release atomic H results in a time slope of 0.25, whereas the release of molecular H 2 results in a time slope of 0.165. Based on this model, we conclude NBTI degradation is dominated by diffusion of neutral molecular hydrogen defects. These models are extended to 2D simulations to study device layout effects. Our simulations suggest differences with device structure (Lgate, Width etc.) and agree with observed experimental results. The developed models are further applied to understand operation under dynamic and static stress.
HUMAN PLASMA ALPHA 2-MACROGLOBULIN : AN INHIBITOR OF PLASMA KALLIKREIN

Activation of plasma kallikrein arginine esterase activity by kaolin resulted in peak activity at 1 min of incubation and a 50% reduction in activity at 5 min in normal plasma, and 30% reduction in the plasma of patients with hereditary angioneurotic edema who lacked the C1 inactivator. The peak esterolytic activity was inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor whereas the 5 min activity was resistant to this inhibitor. Acid treatment of normal and hereditary angioneurotic edema plasma destroyed the factor responsible for the fall in esterase activity at 5 min and the factor which rendered the esterase resistant to soybean trypsin inhibitor. Purified alpha(2)-macroglobulin inhibited approximately 50% of the TAMe esterase activity of purified plasma kallikrein without changing its activity toward basic amino acid esters. The interaction between the alpha(2)-macroglobulin and kallikrein resulted in alterations in the gel filtration chromatographic pattern of the TAMe esterase and biologic activity of kallikrein, indicating that kallikrein was bound to the alpha(2)-macroglobulin. The TAMe esterase activity of this complex, isolated by column chromatography, was resistant to C1 inactivator and SBTI. Studies of incubation mixtures of kallikrein, alpha(2)-macroglobulin and C1 inactivator suggested that these inhibitors compete for the enzyme, and that the alpha(2)-macroglobulin partially protects the esterase activity of kallikrein from C1 inactivator. The alpha(2)-macroglobulin isolated from kaolin-activated plasma possessed 240 times the esterolytic activity of the alpha(2)-macroglobulin purified from plasma treated with inhibitors of kallikrein and of its activation. The alpha(2)-macroglobulin blocked the uterine-containing activity and vascular permeability-inducing effects of plasma kallikrein. These studies suggest that the alpha(2)-macroglobulin is a major plasma inhibitor of kallikrein and provide a new example of an interrelationship between the coagulation, fibrinolytic, and kallikrein enzyme systems.
INFLUENCE OF LOW DOSES OF ANABOLICS ON GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH WITH CONSTITUTIONAL GROWTH RETARDATION (CGR)

INFLUENCE OF LOW DOSES OF ANABOLICS ON GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH WITH CONSTITUTIONAL GROWTH RETARDATION (CGR)
A spectrum factorization method for the calculation of nonlinear filters of the volterra type

The problem of determining the optimum nonlinear filter in the mean-square sense is treated here by a transform technique which is essentially a multivariable extension of the spectrum factorization technique developed by Wiener (1949) for the design of linear filters. It is shown that the problem can be solved analytically if the higher-order correlation functions of the input to the filter are factorable in a certain sense and if particular factors are positive definite functions of their arguments.
Editor’s Introduction to the Distancing Hypothesis Issue

We are devoting this special issue of Contemporary Jewry to a debate and commentaries about what has come to be called the ‘‘Distancing Hypothesis,’’ the suggestion that American Jews increasingly are socially, culturally, ethnically, and emotionally distant from the State of Israel. This issue of the journal came out of a panel on the subject that was held at a session sponsored by the Association for the Social Scientific Study of Jewry, the parent body of this journal. (A brief account of this panel is part of the comments of Ronald Miller and Arnold Dashefsky in these pages.) So powerful was the debate and deeply felt were the arguments by both sides and from the assembled audience that, as editor and one of those in the room, I invited the lead researchers to present their arguments in these pages and submit them to the review and commentary of a wide array of scholars and thinkers, and finally to our many readers. What you have before you is the result of that effort. The two lead papers that play out the debate at least appear (some of the commentators take up and question this matter of the appearances versus reality of the debate) to argue in opposite directions. One, by Steven M. Cohen and Ari Kelman, suggests that young American Jews are now less attached to the State of Israel than was the norm in earlier years, and that this growing distance may not be closed in the future. The other article, by Theodore Sasson, Charles Kadushin and Leonard Saxe, argues that while the young are indeed more distant now, there is evidence that there is a life-cycle element to this alienation, and that overall, as Jews age, they have generally tended to become less distant from Israel. Each paper provides its own data which it claims support its arguments. While our issue was in preparation, this matter became part of the public debate after Peter Beinart raised it in The New York Review of Books (June 10, 2010) when he cited the work of one team of our lead authors (Cohen and Kelman) and reminded readers of the growing distance of young American Jews from Israel.
Granulomatous hepatitis in tortoises

SIR, – Around 1970, while working at the Moredun Institute, I had passed to me a package containing the carcase of an immature Greek tortoise, sent in by a member of the public concerned about a possible health risk to her children from their pet, which had been found dead the previous day. The
Pertussis toxin enhances proenkephalin synthesis in bovine chromaffin cells.

: The synthesis of the neuropeptide precursor proenkephalin was measured in bovine adrenal Chromaffin cells following radiolabeling with [35S]methionine. Treatment of Chromaffin cells with pertussis toxin (100 ng/ml) approximately doubled proenkephalin synthesis without altering total protein synthesis. Pertussis toxin pretreat-ment also increased proenkephalin synthesis in chromaf-fin cells exposed to vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and 3-isobutyl-1 -methylxanthine (IBMX). Combinations of IBMX plus nicotine, VIP, or histamine also synergistically enhanced proenkephalin synthesis, with no further elevation when the cells were also pretreated with pertussis toxin. The action of forskolin, a direct activator of adenyl-ate cyclase, on proenkephalin synthesis was similarly potentiated by pertussis toxin or IBMX, presumably reflecting the abilities of both the toxin and this phosphodiester-ase inhibitor to enhance the cyclic AMP response to forskolin. In contrast, increased synthesis of proenkephalin in response to phorbol esters was not affected by pertussis toxin treatment. These results suggest that pertussis toxin potentiates proenkephalin synthesis primarily through inactivation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that inhibit adenylate cyclase, although other signaling pathways may also be involved.
Increasing Utilization of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer in the United States

The treatment and management of advanced urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is a considerable therapeutic challenge. Prospective, randomized clinical trial data demonstrate a survival advantage for those patients who receive chemotherapy prior to radical cystectomy. Despite the overall survival benefits, results from both institutional and administrative datasets suggest that historical use of a neoadjuvant chemotherapy paradigm is remarkably low. This review will evaluate the recent trends in pre-operative chemotherapy utilization that suggest small, but progressively increased use-currently on the order of 20 % of radical cystectomy patients. Additionally, this analysis will explore the various processes and structural barriers that preclude its receipt such as patient age and comorbidity, as well as physician preference, delay to potentially curable surgery, geographic region, distance to treatment facility, and socioeconomic status.
On Human Survival: Reflections on Survival Research and Survival Policies

A new academic discipline, Survival Research, is proposed to investigate how the survival of the human species and its civilizations can be assured. Today nuclear weapons, overpopulation, and the deteriorating environment threaten our future. These phenomena are interconnected, and must be considered together in their complexity in an interdisciplinary manner. Some major obstacles to a wider awareness of the problems and solutions are described. Survival issues, primarily ecological ones, have lately lost ground, especially in the United States. It is essential that those still concerned, especially teachers and journalists, be informed about the problems and the urgency for finding solutions.
Multipion systems in lattice QCD and the three-pion interaction

The ground-state energies of 2, 3, 4, and 5 ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$'s in a spatial volume $V\ensuremath{\sim}(2.5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fm}{)}^{3}$ are computed with lattice QCD. By eliminating the leading contribution from three-${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ interactions, particular combinations of these $n\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ ground-state energies provide precise extractions of the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ scattering length in agreement with that obtained from calculations involving only two ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$'s. The three-${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ interaction can be isolated by forming other combinations of the $n\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ ground-state energies. We find a result that is consistent with a repulsive three-${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ interaction for ${m}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}\ensuremath{\lesssim}352\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$.
Isolation of the precursor of bacterial cellulose

A method is described for the isolation of the precursor of cellulose microfibrils from ethanol extracts of active cultures of Acetobacter xylinum. Using the capacity to form cellulose microfibrils for an assay procedure, the method employs column chromatography of chloroform extracts of the residues from the ethanol solutions, on silicic acid and Celite followed by magnesium trisilicate (Magnesol) and Celite. A fraction from the second stage contains only one compound, which is capable of forming typical bacterial cellulose microfibrils in the presence of ultrafiltered supernatant of an active culture. The compound contains glucose, an unknown base, and a fatty acid.
Effect of multiple spin species on spherical shell neutron transmission analysis

A series of Monte Carlo calculations were performed in order to evaluate the effect of separated against merged spin statistics on the analysis of spherical shell neutron transmission experiments for gold. It is shown that the use of separated spin statistics results in larger average capture cross sections of gold at 24 KeV. This effect is explained by stronger windows in the total cross section caused by the interference between potential and J(+) resonances and by J(+) and J(-) resonance overlap allowed by the use of separated spin statistics.
Evaluation of Novel Back-flush Filtration for Removal of Homopolymer from Starch-g-PMMA

Starch-g-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was prepared by emulsion photopolymerization without photoinitiator. Grafting efficiency was determined for two types of starch (high-amylose and amylopectin) and at several illumination times. Since clogging of the graft copolymer prevented vacuum filtration and Soxhlet extraction was too time-consuming, a new method to separate the PMMA homopolymer from the graft copolymer was developed. Back-flush filtration uses an intermittent pressure pulse to clean the filter as the homopolymer is separated from the graft copolymer. Back-flush filtration was shown to be more efficient by reducing the separation time and solvent use, and the grafting efficiencies obtained with back-flush filtration compare favorably with those from Soxhlet extraction for the starch-g-PMMA copolymer systems studied. More accurate grafting efficiencies could be obtained by applying a nonstick coating to the inside chamber of the back-flush filtration unit.
Interfacial spectroscopic studies of UV cured urethane acrylate coatings

Abstract Interfacial structural changes of UV cured urethane acrylate coating films were investigated using ATR FTIR spectroscopy. These studies show that at the film–air (F–A) interface, when photo-initiator levels do not exceed 0.1% w/w, the band area ratio of H-bonding to non-H-bonding carbonyl stretching vibrations is proportional to UV energy density. However, when the initiator level is increased to 5% w/w, an increase of up to 200 mJ/cm 2 UV power is required in order to achieve a similar band ratio, and at higher photo-initiator levels, the amount of energy levels off. Analysis of the H-bonded to non-H-bonded band ratio near the film–substrate (F–S) interface shows that the band area ratio increases further away from the interface. At shallower depths, around 0.84 μm from the F–S interface, the magnitude of the H-bonding/non-H-bonding is smaller than that observed for the same penetration depths before UV exposure for lower photo-initiator concentration or lower energy UV exposure.
K α satellite x rays in Al, Sc, and Ti following bromine-ion bombardment

A curved crystal spectrometer has been used to resolve structure in $K\ensuremath{\alpha}$ x rays from thick targets of Al, Sc, and Ti following bromine-ion bombardment. We find that this structure is due to states with different numbers of $L$-shell vacancies. From this we can deduce the relative intensities for single $K$-, and multiple $L$-shell vacancy production as well as the number of $M$-shell vacancies of each $K{L}^{n}$ configuration undergoing $K\ensuremath{\alpha}$ x-ray emission. These results are compared to previous measurements with Br beams in which $K{L}^{n}$ configurations could not be resolved.
Exploring personal computer adoption dynamics

As the personal computer's capability to function as an interactive multimedia entertainment and information provider increases, the implications of its future development on the print, broadcast, and cable television industries are of great interest to society. This study visits the most important question facing the personal computer phenomenon at present— adoption—by examining adoption rate and adopter types and their relations to potential adoption barriers, media use patterns, existing communication technology ownership and social locators. Even though the study provided only an exploratory examination of the proposed model, the findings offer a reasonable level of support for the theoretical framework outlined.
Study on corrosion inhibitor in large pipelines under multiphase flow using EIS

Abstract An imidazoline based inhibitor behavior in carbon dioxide environment has been studied in large pipelines under different slug flow conditions by electrochemical impedance method. It is found that, for each of the slug flow condition, charge transfer resistance, R t , and Warburg impedance coefficient, σ , increase with increasing exposure time. It is suggested that the performance of the corrosion inhibitor is dependent on exposure time. The corrosion inhibitor has a good performance of corrosion protection by forming more compact inhibitor films on the metal surface at longer exposure time. Experimental results also show that, at a given time, both R t and σ decrease with increasing the Froude number of slug flow. This fact implies that the inhibitor film is damaged and washed away from the metal surface by high turbulence and the higher frequency of bubble pulse in high Froude number of slug flow, thus leading to low corrosion resistance.
Strict inequalities for some critical exponents in two-dimensional percolation

For 2D percolation we slightly improve a result of Chayes and Chayes to the effect that the critical exponentβ for the percolation probability isstrictly less than 1. The same argument is applied to prove that ifL(ϕ):={(x, y):x=r cosθ, y=r sinθ for some r⩾0, orθ⩽ϕ} andβ(ϕ):=limp↓p c [log(p−p c )]−1 log Pcr {itO is connected to ∞ by an occupied path inL(ϕ)}, thenβ(ϕ) is strictly decreasing inϕ on [0, 2π]. Similarly, limn→∞ [−logn]−1 logP cr {itO is connected by an occupied path inL(ϕ)(ϕ) to the exterior of [−n, n]×[−n, n] is strictly decreasing inϕ on [0, 2π].
Effects of in vivo and in vitro administered thyroxine on substrate metabolism of isolated rabbit ventricle mitochondria. II. Characteristics of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria of euthyroid, hyperthyroid and thyrotoxic rabbits.

Twenty μg L-thyroxine was injected in vivo for a 1- to 31-day period into initially euthyroid rabbits, per day per 100 g body wt, followed by isolation and in vitro assays of the ventricle mitochondria. In the experiments of this paper no thyroxine was added in vitro. In the presence of added pyruvate + malate, the respiratory control ratio (RCR) slightly decreased after hormone treatment due to decelerated state 3 rate without any increase in the state 4 QO2, and irrespective of the in vitro availability of Mg++. Two techniques, alternatively applied for the isolation of mitochondria, yielded RCR's (with this substrate pair added) in the ranges of 7.0–18.0 and 3.0–7.0, respectively, the value dependent upon the in vitro conditions. The QO2's and the respiratory control ratio =2 with added succinate and =4 with octanoate were not altered by thyroxine administration. In the presence of added Mg++ the state 4 QO2 was raised by increased levels of added ATP, and was decreased by phosphoenolpyruvate + pyruvat...
Thoughts on the History of Sexuality

"Sexuality in Early America," offers an important opportunity for reflection. However belatedly scholars of the period may have come to the study of sexuality, research is flourishing. Historians of early North America now face the practical and theoretical dilemma that characterizes this moment in the study of the history of sexuality: the field engages a wide range of topics, approaches, and questions but lacks a clear direction, governing model, or paradigm. Participants at the conference remarked on this dilemma as if it were unique to scholars of early American history, but a quick glimpse at the Journal of the History of Sexuality confirms that the history of sexuality at present is a field with no well-defined object of study.' I am not sure that this situation is necessarily undesirable or unproductive, and, if it is indeed a problem, I do not have a solution. I do have a tentative explanation of how our current state, whether seen as exemplary of intellectual pluralism or of scholarly confusion, has come to be. Rather than imagining such heterogeneity as the norm in a new subdiscipline or a focus on sex as merely the latest stage in a succession of clean, neat shifts of scholarly paradigms, I think we would do well to consider how our current thinking and practice carry forward and are marked by the traces of earlier historical approaches to sexuality. I can only outline briefly this historiographical inheritance. Sexuality has never been entirely absent from historical accounts in the West. From at least the Renaissance through the nineteenth century, historians did not ignore sexual practices in their accounts of the past, but rather treated sexual mores as an index of the moral status of various
A Convenient Deoxygenation of Sulfoxides with CO(II) and NaBH4

Abstract Complex species, presumably transition metal hydrides, prepared from NaBH4 and transition metal salts have been used in the reduction of nitro, cyano, halo and amido functional groups.1 We recently reported that Co (II) and NaBH4 in ethanol reduced alkenes and alkynes in high yields, and that the regent displayed remarkable steric selectivity in the reduction of alkenes: mono>di>tri- and tetra-substituted alkenes.2 We now report that the same reagent could be conveniently employed for the efficient reduction of sulfoxides to sulfides. A number of conditions have previously been reported to deoxygenate sulfoxides to sulfides in varying yields: for example, SO9 3, etc.
Trypanosoma duttoni: pyruvate and pantothenate levels in plasma and liver tissue of normal and pantothenic acid-deficient mice.

Abstract Progressive changes in pyruvate and pantothenate in tissues of mice infected with Trypanosoma duttoni are described. Blood pyruvate levels in well fed, trypanosome-free control mice averaged 0.31 ± 0.03 mg/100 ml; well fed infected experimental mice averaged 0.41 ± 0.04 mg/100 ml. In mice given the pair-fed control diet, blood pyruvate levels averaged 0.38 ± 0.02 mg/100 ml for trypanosome-free animals and 0.47 ± 0.02 mg /100 ml for infected ones. In mice given the pantothenate-deficient diet blood pyruvate levels averaged 0.61 ± 0.04 mg/100 ml for noninfected control animals and 0.60 ± 0.04 mg/100 ml for trypanosome-infected ones. Pantothenic acid levels in plasma of mice averaged 434 ± 7 ng/ml for well fed, uninfected animals, and 450 ± 7 ng for trypanosome-infected ones. Those on the pair-fed diet averaged 303 ± 8 ng if uninfected, and 320 ± 7 ng if trypanosome infected. Pantothenate-deficient mice averaged 193 ± 5 ng/ml of plasma if noninfected, and 201 ± 5 ng if infected. Liver pantothenate levels in mice fed a complete diet were the same in uninfected, control and in mice inoculated with only 100 trypanosomes (56 μg/g tissue). Pair-fed control mice averaged 48 ± 4 μg/g liver and were no different from mice inoculated with 100 trypanosomes. Mice fed a pantothenate-deficient diet and free of trypanosomes had 25 ± 3 μg/g and were not statistically different from those inoculated with 100 trypanosomes (20 ± 3). When given an inoculum of 10 6 trypanosomes the differences in liver panthothenate levels between infected and control mice became significant. Those well-fed and infected averaged 61 ± 3 μg/g liver of pantothenic acid (vs 57 ± 3 for controls). Pair-fed control mice showed similar differences: 23 ± 4 for uninfected vs 28 ± 3 μg/g for infected animals. Mice given the pantothenate-deficient diet showed similar differences also: 52 ± 3 for trypanosome-free and 56 ± 3 for infected mice. The pyruvate and pantothenate levels in tissues expressed above are averages of a series over a time span. Day to day differences were marked and significant usually only after 30 or more days had elapsed since introduction of trypanosomes.
Features of Mildly Dilated Congestive Cardiomyopathy Compared with Idiopathic Restrictive, Cardiomyopathy and Typical Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Congestive cardiomyopathy was recognized in eight patients with only mildly dilated ventricles (an echocardiographic ventricular diastolic dimension index of less than 10% to 15% above the normal range) but with other features typical of end-stage congestive cardiomyopathy. Such patients with mildly dilated cardiomyopathy (MDCM) represented 5% of heart transplant recipients with cardiomyopathy, who were analyzed by us. The clinical, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic data, as well as the gross and microscopic pathologic findings of the hearts in this group were compared with similar data in five patients with idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy (IRCM) and 10 patients with typical dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Compared with IRCM and DCM, patients with MDCM had a higher incidence of familial cardiomyopathy (p less than 0.009). The echocardiographic features of patients with MDCM and DCM were virtually identical, showing globular hearts with predominant left ventricular dilation and diffuse poor left ventricular contraction. Patients with IRCM had marked atrial dilation but less abnormality of left ventricular size and contraction parameters. On the basis of echocardiographic data, patients with IRCM and MDCM could be well segregated. Cardiac index and light microscopic examinations were similar in the three groups. However, electron microscopy showed a lack of myofibrillar loss in patients with IRCM, little or no myofibrillar loss in those with MDCM, and almost total myofibrillar loss in those with DCM. Patients with MDCM have a high prevalence of familial cardiomyopathy. Absolute heart size and electron microscopic features of the MDCM group were intermediate between IRCM and DCM, but other clinical, echocardiographic and hemodynamic findings were similar to typical DCM.
The limited effectiveness of normal forms: a critical review and extension of local bifurcation studies of the Brusselator PDE

Abstract The detection and unfolding of degenerate local bifuractions provides one of very few generally applicable analytical tools for studying complex dynamics in systems of arbitrarily high dimension. Using the Brusselator partial differential equations (PDEs) (Prigogine and Lefever, 1968) as motivation and main example, we critically review this method. We extend and correct previous calculations, presenting explicit formulae from which normal forms accurate to third order may be computed, and for the first time we carefully compare bifurcations and dynamics of these normal forms with those of the untransformed systems restricted to a center manifold, and with Galerkin and finite difference approximations of the original PDE. While judicious use of symbolic manipulations makes feasible such high-order center manifold and normal form calculations, we show that the conclusions drawn from them are of limited use in understanding spatio-temporal complexity and chaos. As Guckenheimer (1981) argued, the method permits proof of existence of quasi-periodic motions and, under mild genericity assumptions, Sil'nikov chaos (sub-shifts of finite type), but the parameter and phase space ranges in which these results may be applied are extremely small.
Amplitude correction for grazing incidence surface XAS experiments

Abstract A technique of amplitude normalization for fluorescence detection surface XAS experiments is described. Fluorescence yield as a function of energy is normalized using a model for the electric field standing wave. Model parameters are fixed by variational optimization of the measured specular reflectivity. This method is applied to an in situ measurement of a nominal monolayer of Cu atoms underpotentially deposited onto polycrystalline Pt.
Melting‐pot victories: racial ideas and the Olympic games in American culture during the progressive era

(1989). Melting‐pot victories: racial ideas and the Olympic games in American culture during the progressive era. The International Journal of the History of Sport: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 49-61.
Impact of Antipsychotics on Geriatric Patients: Efficacy, Dosing, and Compliance

People today are living longer. Old age is the number one risk factor for dementia, which is often associated with behavioral disturbances and psychosis as well as cognitive and memory impairment. Elderly persons with dementia—particularly those who are agitated or aggressive—are often placed in nursing homes and consequently treated with antipsychotic medications. Most of the studies of antipsychotic efficacy and safety have been conducted in young schizophrenic patients, but there are differences in dosing schedules, efficacy, and compliance when these drugs are used in elderly patients with dementia and psychosis. A review of both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment is herewith presented for the treatment of elderly dementia patients, especially those living in long-term care facilities.
Encountering Angelina Grimké: Violence, identity, and the creation of radical community

Angelina Grimke's 1835 letter to William Lloyd Garrison announced her entrance into public life and the work of moral reform. Composed in a period of intense anti‐abolitionist activity, the text represents rhetorically a display of commitments put at risk. This essay conducts a close reading of the text to demonstrate how Grimke construes violence into a source for the refashioning of self and community into forces of change.