cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1199: Isolation and characterization of human breast epithelial cells

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women in the United States and it is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in this population. Roughly 232,000 women in the U.S. were diagnosed with malignant breast cancer in 2013 and approximately 40,000 of these patients will die. The majority of breast cancers originate in the lobular or ductal cells of the milk-producing glands. In these structures, there are two main cell types: the inner luminal cells, which are surrounded by basal myoepithelium. These cells are structurally distinct and are the precursors to variable forms of breast cancer. As such, it is important to study them not only separately but also together. Current methods for culturing human mammary epithelial cells select for those of a basal phenotype. Isolation of pure basal and luminal cell populations was accomplished by using antibody-linked magnetic beads to isolate essentially pure populations of both basal (CALLA/CD10) and luminal mammary (MUC-1/CD227) epithelial cells from organoid explant cultures. Organoids were isolated and plated on collagen I coated flasks in either DFCI (basal) or MBCM (luminal) media and cultured at 37°C in 5% CO2 to induce cell migration. The media was replenished every 2 - 3 days until the cells reached confluence. Cultured cells were harvested and immunopurified using a CALLA/CD10 or MUC-1/CD227 antibody and magnetic beads. Positively selected cells were seeded in tissue culture treated flasks and propagated with medium exchange every 2 - 3 days. Each cell population was analyzed using flow cytometry to determine their purity. The DFCI/CD10 cells were over 98% CD10 positive with very little MUC1 reactivity, suggesting that they are an essentially pure basal epithelial cell population. The cells isolated using MBCM/MUC1 appear to be a mixed population with 86% MUC1 positive luminal cells and the remainder being CD10 positive basal cells. A second round of immunopurification resulted in an isolated cell population that was greater than 95% MUC1 positive, suggesting a pure luminal epithelial cell population. This procedure has been used on several organoid preparations and has generated high cell yields in addition to high cell purity. These isolated cell types can now be tested individually for drug sensitivity. Citation Format: Steven Hoynowski. Isolation and characterization of human breast epithelial cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1199. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1199
Gibbs energy analysis: Compositional tie-simplex space

Abstract Thermodynamic stability analysis requires that the Gibbs free energy of an equilibrium mixture must be at global minimum. Several techniques use this criterion to identify the equilibrium phase-state of a multi-component mixture. In this article, we present an analysis of the Gibbs energy minimization in the Compositional Space Parameterization (CSP) framework. Our parameterizations are based on primary configurations of multi-dimensional tie-simplexes in the compositional space. We show that once the maximum number of coexisting phases in the “base parameterization” is known, CSP yields the global minimum of Gibbs energy in multiphase multi-component mixtures with complex phase behaviors. We present several challenging examples to demonstrate the equivalence of conventional techniques (based on global minimization of Gibbs energy) and the tie-simplex methodology.
The precipitation of cadmium sulphide by thioacetamide from acid chloride solutions

Abstract The rate of precipitation of cadmium(ll) by thioacetamide from 0.030 VF to 0.040 VF chloride solutions has been found to conform to the expression where k and k' are 8.1× 10−4 litre 1 2 mole− 1 2 min−1 and 1.55 × 10−4 litre 1 4 mole− 1 4 min−1, respectively, at 90°. This rate expression applies to solutions having pH values above 3, where the so-called direct reaction between cadmium species and thioacetamide is predominant. At the above chloride concentrations, the observed rate of precipitation is greater than that which should have been observed if all of the cadmium(II) were present as aquated cadmium ion. Cd2+. Rate measurements at 0–15 and 1 VF chloride have shown that the higher chloride complexes ofcadmium(Il), CdCl2 and CdCl−3, react at a very much slower rate than does CdCl+ or Cd2+. The value of the dissociation constant for the monochlorocadmium ion, has been found to be (2.18 ± 0.07) × 10−2 at 90° by means of a concentration cell with cadmium amalgam electrodes.
Language Fluency and the Evaluation of Cultural Faux Pas: Russians Interviewing for Jobs in the United States

How are nonnatives evaluated when committing cultural faux pas, and how does their fluency in the language of the foreign culture affect the evaluation of their culturally inappropriate behavior? I address these questions in the context of Russian professionals learning to interview for jobs in the United States, an arena of strong cultural differences where cultural faux pas can occur easily. Building upon previous research on stereotypes and stigma, and upon research on accounts and discounting, I find that language fluency has a contingent effect on the evaluation of culturally inappropriate behavior. When an individual is assessed on interpersonal dimensions, poor language fluency leads to a less negative impression of culturally inappropriate behavior, but this shielding effect is reversed when the dimension of evaluation is professional competence.
Aerothermodynamic methods for a Mars environmental survey Mars entry

Computational fluid dynamics models for the thermodynamics and transport properties used in an equilibrium version of the Langley aerothermodynamics upwind relaxation algorithm (LAURA) for Mars atmospheric entries are described. In addition, the physical models used in a nonequilibrium version of LAURA for Mars-entry flows are described. Uncertainties exist in defining constants used in the transport properties for the equilibrium model and in many of the physical models for the nonequilibrium version. Solutions from the two codes using the best available constants are examined at the Mars-entry conditions characteristics of the Mars environmental survey mission. While the flowfields are near thermal equilibrium, chemical nonequilibrium effects are present in the entry cases examined. Convective heating at the stagnation point for these flows (assuming fully catalytic wall boundary conditions) is approximately 100 W/cm(exp 2). Radiative heating is negligible.
Adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiencies: Evaluation of therapeutic interventions in eight patients

The courses of six patients with adenosine deaminase (ADA) and two with purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiencies were evaluated before and after therapy. The heterogeneity of immunologic and clinical parameters was striking in each enzyme deficiency. In both PNP and ADA deficiency, some patients had very low immunoglobulin levels, while others had normal levels. T-cell function was always low in patients with ADA deficiency. In the two patients with PNP deficiency, contrary to the classical descriptions of this disorder, T-cell function fluctuated with time. Five ADA-deficient patients were treated with irradiated normal red-cell transfusions as a form of enzyme replacement and showed no lasting benefit. Three of the ADA-deficient patients and one of the PNP-deficient patients were given transplants of haploidentical parental bone marrow stem cells without pretransplant immunosuppression. In the PNP-deficient patient, chimerism has not been documented on enzymatic testing. One ADA-deficient patient has demonstrated long-term engraftment with good B-and T-cell function. Haploidentical bone marrow transplantation is currently the preferred therapy for enzyme-deficient patients with absent T-cell function who do not have an HLA-identical donor, as it may result in a lasting reconstitution of immune function. In those patients with unsatisfactory responses to transplantation, however, specific enzyme replacement or gene therapy may be considered in the future.
Ectodermal markers delineate the neural fold interface during avian neurulation

The formation and morphogenesis of the neural folds are important processes underlying neurulation. We showed previously that these processes comprise four key events in avian embryos: epithelial ridging, kinking, delamination, and apposition. Collectively, these events establish the paired, bilaminar neural folds, which fuse in the dorsal midline during late neurulation to close the neural groove and to establish the neural tube. Here, we use an antisense riboprobe for a new gene called Plato, as well as an antibody for a previously cloned transcription factor, AP-2, as markers to identify critical subpopulations of ectodermal cells during the formation and morphogenesis of the avian neural folds. Plato antisense riboprobe marks the cranial neural ectoderm and premigratory cranial neural crest cells, whereas AP-2 antibody marks the epidermal ectoderm and the early migratory neural crest. We show that subpopulations of ectodermal cells at the forebrain and midbrain levels undergo considerable rearrangement within the neural fold transition zone, which redistributes incipient neural crest cells from the neural ectodermal side of the forming neural fold interface to the epidermal ectodermal side. Additionally, we show that Plato and AP-2 provide useful markers for delineating the incipient neural fold interface.
Serotonin1B receptors: from protein to physiological function and behavior

Abstract The serotonin (5-HT)1B receptor is expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) of rodents and its homologous 5-HT1Dβ receptor is expressed in human. These receptors are distributed in both serotonergic and non-serotonergic neurons, where they act as auto- or heteroreceptors, respectively. Studies from ours and other laboratories have shown that 5-HT1B receptors are densely expressed in the ventral pallidum, globus pallidus, substantia nigra and dorsal subiculum and moderately expressed in the cerebral cortex, the molecular layer of the hippocampus, the entopeduncular nucleus, the superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus, the caudate putamen and the deep nuclei of the cerebellum. At the ultrastructural level, 5-HT1B receptors were found distributed in axons and axon terminals and these receptors are located on the plasma membrane of unmyelinated axon terminals and in the cytoplasm close to the plasmalemma. The terminal localization of the 5-HT1B receptors in CNS suggests that there is a signal responsible for the protein transport toward the nerve terminals. Studies from ours and other groups using lesion, radioligand binding sites, viral transfection and anterograde methods have shown that 5-HT1B receptors are located at the nerve terminals of different pathways. The 5-HT1B receptors act as terminal receptors and are involved in regulation of the release of various neurotransmitters, including 5-HT itself. The regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid release by 5-HT1B receptors has been found in projections: from caudate putamen to the globus pallidus or substantia nigra, from nucleus accumbens to the ventral tegmentum area, and from purkinje neurons to the deep nuclei of the cerebellum. The control of glutamate release by 5-HT1B receptors has been found in projections from hippocampus to the dorsal subiculum and of N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate release from retinal ganglion cells to the superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus. The control of 5-HT release by 5-HT1B receptors was shown in projections arising from the raphe nuclei to fore- and midbrain regions. Multiple evidences suggest that 5-HT1B receptors are implicated in several physiological functions, behavior and psychiatric diseases including migraine, locomotor activity, drug abuse reinforcement, migraine, aggressive behavior, depression and anxiety states.
A quadratically convergent method for minimizing a sum of euclidean norms

We consider the problem of minimizing a sum of Euclidean norms. $$F(x) = \sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^m {||r_i } (x)||$$ here the residuals {r i(x)} are affine functions fromR n toR 1 (n≥1≥2,m>-2). This arises in a number of applications, including single-and multi-facility location problems. The functionF is, in general, not differentiable atx if at least oner i (x) is zero. Computational methods described in the literature converge quite slowly if the solution is at such a point. We present a new method which, at each iteration, computes a direction of search by solving the Newton system of equations, projected, if necessary, into a linear manifold along whichF is locally differentiable. A special line search is used to obtain the next iterate. The algorithm is closely related to a method recently described by Calamai and Conn. The new method has quadratic convergence to a solutionx under given conditions. The reason for this property depends on the nature of the solution. If none of the residuals is zero at* x, thenF is differentiable at* x and the quadratic convergence follows from standard properties of Newton's method. If one of the residuals, sayr i * x), is zero, then, as the iteration proceeds, the Hessian ofF becomes extremely ill-conditioned. It is proved that this illconditioning, instead of creating difficulties, actually causes quadratic convergence to the manifold (xℛr i (x)=0}. If this is a single point, the solution is thus identified. Otherwise it is necessary to continue the iteration restricted to this manifold, where the usual quadratic convergence for Newton's method applies. If several residuals are zero at* x, several stages of quadratic convergence take place as the correct index set is constructed. Thus the ill-conditioning property accelerates the identification of the residuals which are zero at the solution. Numerical experiments are presented, illustrating these results.
Copolymerization with depropagation. III. Composition and sequence distribution from probability considerations

Elementary probability considerations have been used to derive completely general equations which describe both the sequence distributions and compositions to be expected for copolymerizations which follow kinetic models having complete reversibility for all propagation steps. It is shown that previously derived composition equations for both reversible and irreversible systems are special cases of the general equations derived herein.
An update on the cellular basis of atherosclerosis in hypertriglyceridemia

Chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) are the major carriers of triglycerides (TG) in the plasma. Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) which is characterized by elevated plasma TG can occur either by overproduction of VLDL triglycerides or lipoprotein particles, by the impaired catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins or a combined defect in TG metabolism. These abnormalities can result from primary (genetic) disorders or innumerable secondary effects (diet or disease). Primary causes of HTG include the familial hyperlipoproteinemias, types I,IIb, III, IV and V respectively. Secondary effects can arise due to carbohydrate, alcohol or diabetes induced HTG, obesity, chronic renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, excessive stress and trauma. Structural abnormalities and the consequent receptor mediated pathways in foam cell generation are discussed.
Detection of Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli in Watermelon Seed Using Immunomagnetic Separation and the Polymerase Chain Reaction

An immunomagnetic separation and polymerase chain reaction (IMS-PCR)-based assay was developed for detecting Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli in watermelon seed. IMS yielded a 10-fold increase in recovery of A. avenae subsp. citrulli over direct spread-plating on King's Medium B; however, the presence of seed debris reduced IMS efficiency. Synthetic oligonucleotide primers were designed based on the 16S rRNA gene of a known A. avenae subsp. citrulli strain and tested for specific DNA amplification by PCR. The primers amplified DNA from all A. avenae subsp. citrulli strains tested but also yielded amplicons with several closely related bacteria. IMS-PCR resulted in a 100-fold increase in A. avenae subsp. citrulli detection sensitivity over direct PCR and was unaffected by PCR inhibitors in watermelon seed. The threshold of A. avenae subsp. citrulli detection for IMS-PCR was 10 CFU/ml in watermelon seed wash, and seedlots with 0.1% infestation were consistently detected. IMS-PCR represents an efficient and sensitive approach to detecting A. avenae subsp. citrulli in watermelon seedlots.
Asset management with reverse product flows and environmental considerations

Abstract Today many business enterprises employ capital assets in the form of electronic equipment, such as personal computers, workstations and peripherals, in large quantities. Due to rapid technological progress (leading to a short life cycle for these products), and hazardous material content in electronic products (which is an environmental problem and a disposal challenge), leasing or procurement contracts with take-back considerations can be attractive. For a large electronic equipment leasing company, optimal management of assets supported by good logistics and end-of-life processing decisions is crucial, and may provide a significant competitive advantage. There is currently no analytic approach for making these decisions in an integrated fashion. In this research, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed to facilitate better leasing and logistics decisions (including end-of-life disposal options) from the perspective of an electronic equipment leasing company. A case study with representative industry data is used to validate the approach and potential applications of the model are illustrated for alternative scenarios. This research contributes new models and understanding to the intersection of the fields of reverse logistics and equipment replacement.
Preservation of intercalated cell H(+)-ATPase in two patients with lupus nephritis and hyperkalemic distal renal tubular acidosis.

In patients with Sjogren's syndrome and a secretory-defect distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA), absence of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase from collecting duct intercalated cells has been reported. The H(+)-ATPase was examined in two patients with lupus nephritis and hyperkalemic (presumed voltage defect) dRTA. Both patients had a positive urine anion gap, alkaline urine despite acidemia, no rise in urine PCO2 with alkaluria, a urine pH > 5.5, and urine potassium excretion rate not significantly increased after 80 mg of intravenous furosemide. In both patients, immunocytochemistry of renal biopsy frozen sections with an anti-H(+)-ATPase monoclonal antibody showed bright staining of the proximal tubule brush border and collecting duct intercalated cells. In one patient, routine immunofluorescence analysis of a frozen section of her kidney biopsy with antihuman IgG showed staining of the collecting duct, indicative of autoantibodies to this segment. Moreover, rat kidney sections incubated with her serum showed labeling of the intercalated cells. On immunoblots of human kidney microsomal membranes performed with serum from both patients, an immunoreactive polypeptide was observed at M(r) approximately 56 kD that was not seen with control serum. Neither patient's sera reacted with affinity-purified bovine H(+)-ATPase or with lysates from 293 cell fibroblasts in which either of both isoforms of the human H(+)-ATPase B subunit (56 kD) were expressed. These findings demonstrate that the spectrum of dRTA includes the preservation of H(+)-ATPase in intercalated cells, in patients with presumed voltage defect dRTA. Moreover, some patients may have autoantibodies to the intercalated cells that are not directed to subunits of the H(+)-ATPase.
Combined Microautoradiography–16S rRNA Probe Technique for Determination of Radioisotope Uptake by Specific Microbial Cell Types In Situ

We propose a novel method for studying the function of specific microbial groups in situ. Since natural microbial communities are dynamic both in composition and in activities, we argue that the microbial “black box” should not be regarded as homogeneous. Our technique breaks down this black box with group-specific fluorescent 16S rRNA probes and simultaneously determines 3 H-substrate uptake by each of the subgroups present via microautoradiography (MAR). Total direct counting, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and MAR are combined on a single slide to determine (i) the percentages of different subgroups in a community, (ii) the percentage of total cells in a community that take up a radioactively labeled substance, and (iii) the distribution of uptake within each subgroup. The method was verified with pure cultures. In addition, in situ uptake by members of the α subdivision of the class Proteobacteria (α-Proteobacteria) and of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group obtained off the California coast and labeled with fluorescent oligonucleotide probes for these subgroups showed that not only do these organisms account for a large portion of the picoplankton community in the sample examined (∼60% of the universal probe-labeled cells and ∼50% of the total direct counts), but they also are significant in the uptake of dissolved amino acids in situ. Nearly 90% of the total cells and 80% of the cells belonging to the α-Proteobacteria and Cytophaga-Flavobacterium groups were detectable as active organisms in amino acid uptake tests. We suggest a name for our triple-labeling technique, substrate-tracking autoradiographic fluorescent in situ hybridization (STARFISH), which should aid in the “dissection” of microbial communities by type and function.
Robust capacity of a Gaussian noise channel with channel and noise uncertainty

This paper is concerned with the problem of defining, and computing the capacity of a continuous-time additive Gaussian noise communication channel when the true frequency response of the channel, and the power spectral density of the noise are not perfectly known, and the transmitted signal is a wide-sense stationary process constrained in power. The uncertainties of a true channel frequency response and power spectral density of the noise are described by weighted balls in the H/sub /spl infin// space. In that way, two sets are defined that describe the set of all possible channel frequency responses, and the set of all possible power spectral densities of the noise. The ball radii depend on the degree of uncertainty that one has about the true channel frequency response, and power spectral density of the noise. The channel capacity is defined as the max-min-min of a mutual information rate between transmitted, and received signals, where the first minimum is taken over the set of all possible noises, the second minimum is taken over the set of all possible channel frequency responses, and maximum is over the set of all possible power spectral densities of transmitted signal with constrained power. It is shown that such defined channel capacity, called robust capacity, is equal to the operational capacity that represents the theoretical maximum of all attainable rates over a given channel.
Semi-Lagrangian Flux Scheme for the Solution of the Aerosol Condensation/Evaporation Equation

A new method is developed to solve the condensation equation as it relates to air quality models using both semi-Lagrangian and Lagrangian fluxes to increase resolution and perform accurately under stringent conditions that occur in the atmosphere. The new method, partitioned flux integrated semi-Lagrangian method (PFISLM), can be used with lower-order interpolators and produces highly accurate results. PFISLM is positive definite, peak retentive, mass conservative, and suppresses oscillations. Research indicates that the differences between PFISLM and traditional flux integrated semi-Lagrangian methods as proposed by Bott (1989) and Emde (1991) are significant when solving the aerosol condensation/evaporation equation. PFISLM is created to handle specific difficulties associated with the time and space discretization of the aerosol operator in air quality models.
The Moral Controversy Over Boxing Reform

Boxing is immoral and must be reformed, critics say. Some critics would ban the sport altogether. These critics are not voicing concerns that are by any means new. They contend that boxing is overly violent and that boxers face substantial health risks, including death. Some critics go further and worry that the profession and sport of boxing will harm society at large. The response to these criticisms is sometimes hard to take seriously. The usual arguments contend that boxing should for various reasons be left alone, either because it is no more dangerous than other sports, or because reform amounts to a greater sin than what happens (or doesn’t) in the ring. There is, for instance, the claim that attempts at reform will not catch on, and society will be left with underground bouts and a kind of black market in boxers. Try to reform boxing or legislate changes, they say, and boxing injuries and deaths will then occur in illegal matches (38), money will change hands illegally, and so on. This prediction, which may be based more on supposition than reason, misses the point. We needn’t regard boxing as moral simply because intervention might not be welcome or completely successful. No one asks for a repeal of laws against speeding because they are routinely broken or because they are not always consistently applied. In no case is the value of reform tied to the prospect of universal enforcement, or the reformer’s ability to conclusively answer questions about how reform will in this case affect boxers. The more important consideration is the fairness of the criticism and how reform can lead to a meaningful improvement, given the resources and practical limitations that might be involved in any reform effort. Another defense against critics portrays boxing as a time-honored calling that reformers shouldn’t tinker with. Defenders argue that boxing is for some the last resort, a path to prosperity for the downtrodden athlete. Critics are brushed aside as having the luxury of being snobbish about occupational choices that boxers supposedly make. Along these lines, Redford (25) thinks that “whether a country has a lot of boxers, or few, is a pretty good indicator of the state of its economy, or that of the economic opportunities available to some community within that country” (25: p. 70). According to another writer
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOCUS OF CONTROL AND TEACHER BURNOUT

Summary. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between locus of control, as measured by the Nowicki-Strickland Adult Scale, and burnout as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). A survey form containing these instruments was mailed to all special education teachers in 28 school districts in the north-eastern United States. Of the initial 684 mailings, 469 were returned (69 per cent). An analysis of the data using Pearson product-moment correlations revealed significant correlations between increasingly external locus of control orientation and increased perceptions of burnout on four of the six subscales of the MBI. Findings are discussed and a suggestion for future research presented.
Training at a University Research Center: the interface between users and facilities

This paper is to describe a unique training program that lowers the barrier between the new users and well-equipped device research facilities, while decreasing the mistakes caused by the new comers. This interfacing program not only helps students to transfer their classroom knowledge to hands-on equipment operating and device processing skills, but also provides a quick start mechanism for off campus users. The later is especially important if the university lab/center is to open to industry and national labs. The detailed training structure and contents will be presented. The impact of the training program on the operation and the processing capability of the MiRC will also be discussed.
Earth analog for Martian magnetic anomalies: remanence properties of hemo-ilmenite norites in the Bjerkreim-Sokndal intrusion, Rogaland, Norway

To explain the very large remanent magnetic anomalies on Mars, which no longer has a global magnetic field, it is important to evaluate rocks on Earth with the necessary properties of high natural remanent magnetization (NRM) and coercivity. Here, we describe a possible analog from the 230-km 2 930 Ma Bjerkreim-Sokndal layered intrusion (BKS) in Rogaland, Norway. In the layered series of the BKS, fractional crystallization of jotunitic magma was punctuated by influx and mixing of more primitive magmas, producing six megacyclic units, each typically with early plagioclase-rich norites, intermediate hemo-ilmenite-rich norites and late magnetite norites with subordinate near end-member ilmenite. Following each influx, the magma resumed normal crystallization and, following the last, near the base of Megacyclic Unit IV, crystallization continued until norites gave way to massive fayalite-magnetite mangerites and quartz mangerites in the upper part of the intrusion. The Megacycles are marked on a regional aeromagnetic map by remanent-controlled negative anomalies over ilmenite norites and induced positive anomalies over magnetite norites and mangerites. A prominent negative anomaly (with amplitude 13,000 nT in a highresolution helicopter survey, down to 27,000 nT below background in ground magnetic profiles) occurs over the central part of Megacyclic Unit IV. The anomaly is centered on ilmenite norite Unit IVe and is most intense where cumulate layering is near vertical at the southeast edge of the Bjerkreim Lobe of the intrusion at Heskestad. Here, Unit IVe is flanked to the east by magnetite norite of Unit IVc and country-rock gneisses (group E) and to the west by Unit IVf magnetite norite and mangerites (group W). Magnetic properties were measured on 128 oriented samples. Susceptibilities are similar for all three sample groups at ~810 2 , but Koenigsberger ratios are very different, with average values of 7.7 for IVe, and b1 for groups E and W. The IVe samples, with only a few percent of oxides, have the highest NRMs measured from the BKS, up to 74 A/m, with an average of 30.6 A/m, making them prime candidates for consideration as Mars analogs. The mean direction for IVe samples is D=17.68, I=79.9, a95=108, almost opposite the present field. Evidence on origin of the strong NRM in IVe as compared to groups E and W, include greater abundance of hemo-ilmenite and of orthopyroxene with hemo-ilmenite exsolution, and the strong lattice-preferred orientation of both in a relationship favorable for blamellar magnetismQ. Massive magnetite-free hemo-ilmenite ores in anorthosite from the
Experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, and an ACT approach to anorexia nervosa

Case conceptualization and treatment planning for individuals with eating disorders seem to follow logically from within the framework of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), which focuses on maladaptive control strategies directed toward emotional avoidance, cognitive fusion, and failure to act in accord with chosen values. The use of ACT in this case is discussed with recommendations for further ACT intervention strategies, why an ACT conceptualization makes sense with this population, and anticipated issues to consider.
Experimental and theoretical studies of I&#8212;V characteristics of zinc-doped silicon p-n junctions using the exact DC circuit model

The exact distributed steady-state equivalent circuit model is used to calculate the forward current-voltage characteristics of zinc-doped p-n junction diodes. The experimental values of the Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) coefficients at zinc centers in silicon and measured recombination center (zinc) density were used in the model. The theoretical forward I-V characteristics are compared with experimental I-V over a wide range of temperatures, showing excellent agreement.
Impact of a blood conservation program on 30-day morbidity and mortality: A cohort study

Abstract Background There are little published data on outcomes of blood conservation (BC) patients after noncardiac surgery. The objective of this study was to compare the surgical outcomes of patients enrolled in our BC program with that of the general population of surgical patients. Methods BC patients at our institution undergoing various surgical procedures were identified from the 2007–2009 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database and compared with a cohort of conventional care (CC) patients matched by age, gender, and surgical procedure. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate 30-d postoperative outcomes. Results One hundred twenty BC patients were compared with 238 CC patients. The two groups were similar for all preoperative variables except smoking, which was lower in the BC group. On univariate analysis, BC patients had similar mean operating time (148 versus 155 min; P = 0.5), length of stay (5.9 versus 5.5 d; P = 0.7), and rate of return to the operating room (7.5% versus 5.5%; P = 0.4) compared with CC patients. BC and CC patients had similar 30-d morbidity (18% versus 14%; P = 0.3) and mortality rates (1.6% versus 1.3%; P = 1.0), respectively. On multivariable analysis, enrollment in the BC program had no impact on postoperative 30-d morbidity (odds ratio, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.71–4.47) or 30-d mortality (unadjusted odds ratio, 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.22–8.05). Conclusions Short-term postoperative outcomes in BC patients are similar to the general population, and these patients should not be denied surgical treatment based on their unwillingness to receive blood products.
Color from invisible flicker: a failure of the Talbot–Plateau law caused by an early ‘hard’ saturating nonlinearity used to partition the human short-wave cone pathway

The Talbot-Plateau law fails for flicker detected by the short-wavelength-sensitive (S) cones: a 30-40 Hz target, flickering too fast for the flicker to be resolved, looks more yellow than a steady target of the same average intensity. The color change, which is produced by distortion at an early compressive nonlinearity, was used to reveal a slightly bandpass S-cone temporal response before the distortion site and a lowpass response after it. The nonlinearity is probably a 'hard' nonlinearity that arises because the S-cone signal is limited by a response ceiling, which the mean signal level approaches and exceeds as the S-cone adaptation level increases. The nonlinearity precedes the combination of flicker signals from all three cone types.
The Design of the SEER Predictive Caching System

Supporting portable computers in a disconnected environment will require persistent caching of files without user intervention. SEER is a system that uses semantic information to predict which files the user is likely to work on, and arranges to transparently cache them on the portable platform prior to disconnection. We present the overall design of the SBBn system and the algorithms used to determine semantic relationships.
Einstein Up in Smoke

Albert Einstein's biographers have not explained why he developed the abdominal aortic aneurysm that led to his death. Early conjectures proposed that it was caused by syphilis, without accurate evidence. The present article gives evidence to the contrary, and argues that the principal cause of Einstein’s death was smoking.
Site-Directed Spin Labeling of Membrane Proteins and Peptide-Membrane Interactions

In summary, SDSL is rapidly becoming a mature technique with which to approach questions related to structure-function relationships in proteins. This ESR method is uniquely suited to membrane proteins, and it can provide information on systems that are not amenable to modern NMR and crystallographic methods. SDSL methods are adept at defining local secondary structure (e.g., α-helix and β-strand) through nitroxide-scanning experiments and the sensitivity of the ESR spin label spectrum to molecular motion can give insights into both local and global conformational changes that accompany such events as ligand binding and denaturation. Continued improvements in methods for making distance measurements for both nitroxide: nitroxide and metal: nitroxide pairs will enhance the future application of the site-directed spin-labeling approach even further.
A compact, parallel-detection diffuse optical mammography system: Continued clinical studies

We have developed a compact, parallel-detection diffuse optical mammography system. We report on our continued clinical studies with this system on healthy and diseased breasts including lipomas, cysts, and invasive lobular carcinomas.
Biosynthesis of platelet-activating factor by cultured rat Kupffer cells stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187

Cultured rat Kupffer cells synthesize and release platelet-activating factor (PAF) when stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187. The production of PAF is concentration- and time-dependent and, based upon [3H]serotonin release assays, approx. 1.0 pmol of PAF is formed per 8 x 10(6) cells during 10 min of ionophore stimulation. It is suggested that Kupffer cells are important cellular components which produce and release PAF in order to facilitate communication between hepatic sinusoidal and parenchymal cells. Further, it is suggested that such mediator production in response to reticulo-endothelial cell stimulation causes the hepatic glycogenolytic response previously in the isolated perfused rat liver.
Neonatal analytics in the cloud

Can the cloud help the smallest, most vulnerable patients—those in the neonatal intensive care unit? Based upon the Artemis Cloud platform, a commercial service, researchers at McMaster Children’s Hospital built an analytical model to determine what would be needed to capture, analyze in real time, and store patient data. The Artemis cloud platform can collect up to 13 physiological measures (blood pressure, electrocardiogram, heart rate, etc.) plus infusion pump data from each patient, de-identify them, and transmit them to the cloud. There, medical algorithms—such as one that flags patients at risk for late onset neonatal sepsis and one that detects sleep apnea—are applied to streams of patient data. The data are stored for later retrospective analysis and data mining to uncover correlations and patterns of clinical relevance. Borrowing from queuing theory, the mathematical study of wait times originally used for calls routed through telephone exchanges, the researchers modeled the performance of Artemis Cloud. Patient features—gestational age, preterm/term, complex/standard—served as inputs to the model. Assumptions included: that service is rendered in order of patient arrival and that the unit operates at full capacity, 47 beds. The model predicted a mean of 47.8 patients in the entire intensive care unit, with a stay of 41.5 days per patient and 9 medical algorithms per patient per day. The researchers calculated that nearly 10 gigabytes of memory space would be needed to store both pump and patient data just for one day. A cluster of 40 central processing units could provide the required computational processing power for McMaster, even if the NICU grew from 47 to 170 beds. This study determines the infrastructure needed to support both computationally and memory-intensive activities. The idea of providing clinical support and early detection of disease through analytics is tantalizing, but only through practical implementation can we begin to reap the benefits of healthcare analytics. H. Khazaei et al ., Health informatics for neonatal intensive care units: An analytical modeling perspective. IEEE J. Transl. Eng. Health Med. 10.1109/JTEHM.2015.2485268 (2015). [[Full Text]][1] [1]: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7286745
Non-Destructive PCB Reverse Engineering Using X-Ray Micro Computed Tomography

Reverse engineering of electronics systems is performed for various reasons ranging from honest ones such as failure analysis, fault isolation, trustworthiness verification, obsolescence management, etc. to dishonest ones such as cloning, counterfeiting, identification of vulnerabilities, development of attacks, etc. Regardless of the goal, it is imperative that the research community understands the requirements, complexities, and limitations of reverse engineering. Until recently, the reverse engineering was considered as destructive, time consuming, and prohibitively expensive, thereby restricting its application to a few remote cases. However, the advents of advanced characterization and imaging tools and software have counteracted this point of view. In this paper, we show how X-ray micro-tomography imaging can be combined with advanced 3D image processing and analysis to facilitate the automation of reverse engineering, and thereby lowering the associated time and cost. In this paper, we demonstrate our proposed process on two different printed circuit boards (PCBs). The first PCB is a four-layer custom designed board while the latter is a more complex commercial system. Lessons learned from this effort can be used to both develop advanced countermeasures and establish a more efficient workflow for instances where reverse engineering is deemed necessary.
Management: A Guide to Laboratory Reporting for Public Health

By actively reporting laboratory test results linked to public health–related diseases and conditions, laboratories assist governmental health departments in disease surveillance. We have developed a successful system for reporting such cases. Our purpose is to assist laboratories in similar efforts by describing the benefits of our approach.
Some Behaviours of a Heald Frame in Increaing Loom Speed

The investigation was planed to observe some mechanical behaviours of heald frame, e.g. acceleration and vibration of the frame for obtaining fundamental data to develop a highspeed dobby up to 1 000 rpm in loom- speed. In order to carry out the investigation planned, a positive and negative shedding device were used as the apparatus. The main results obtained were as follows : 1) To increase the shedding speed, the positive system was more suitable then the nagative one.2) The warp used was uneffective to redusce a vibration of the frame.3) The heald frame movement produced by a cycloid cam could not show a better performance comparirng with that of a simqle harmonic motion camin the higher speed range used.4) To increase the shedding speed, a standstill angle of the shedding cams was undesirable. ring than
Transition from Single-Layer to Double-Layer Steps on GaAs(110) Prepared by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Even though GaAs (110) is the only semiconductor whose surface structure is known with confidence, little is known about its microscopic growth mechanisms. We have used RHEED to study the role of steps in the MBE growth of GaAs on vicinal GaAs(11O) surfaces which were misoriented by less than 2 mrad. After thermally desorbing the initial oxide, 20 layers of GaAs deposited at 700K produced a surface with single atomic-layer steps having an average terrace length of a few hundred Angstroms. Upon annealing to 800K, a slow mass migration occurred producing a surface with one thousand Angstrom average terrace lengths and predominantly double layer step heights. The RHEED pattern was nearly instrument limited at in-phase angles of incidence, with little background intensity and bright Kikuchi lines. Subsequent deposition showed only weak oscillations in the RHEED intensity, in contrast to growth on the (001) surface. The period of the observed oscillations indicates that the layer-by-layer growth involves single-layer steps. Growth of as little as 5 atomic layers on a surface with double steps could not be annealed to give a RHEED intensity as great as the first annealed surface. These measurements reconcile previous LEED results with the oxygen adsorption measurements of Ranke. The results clearly show the dominance of steps in the formation of RHEED streaks.
The Effect of a Fungicide on Fungal-Induced Mortality of Pecan Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) in the Field

Aphids were collected in pecan ( Carya illinoensis Koch) orchard plots untreated or treated with the fungicide triphenyltin hydroxide. Mortality caused by insect pathogenic fungi was measured. The dominant host species, the black margined aphid ( Monellia caryella (Fitch)), was infected with three genera of fungi in the Entomophtorales: Neozygites, Entomophthora and Erynia . Significantly higher fungal-induced mortahty was found in the untreated plots in each of three years.
Media Health Images of Africa and the Politics of Representation: A South African AIDS Choir Counter-Narrative:

This paper is an ethnomusicological and media studies collaborative study that discusses the politics of representation on media health images, especially HIV/AIDS in Africa, and how a South Africa...
Antimicrobial Macrolides in Clinical Practice

Publisher Summary This chapter deals with the discussion of antimicrobial macrolides in clinical practice. Macrolide antibiotics refer to a homogeneous group of antimicrobial drugs that are used to treat clinical infections. The most clinically significant classification of the macrolides is based on the size of the lactone ring that forms the chemical nucleus of each macrolide molecule. Erythromycin is the oldest and is regarded the most important of the macrolide antibiotics because it is a useful alternative to penicillin G. It is considered one of the safest antibiotics available. However, clarithromycin and azithromycin offer some advantages over erythromycin in their antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetics, and adverse side effects. Essentially, they are more stable and better tolerated than erythromycin, and demonstrates broader antimicrobial spectrum than erythromycin against Mycobacterium avium complex and Haemophilus influenzae, nontuberculous mycobacteria, and Chlamydia trachomatis. The 16-member macrolides such as leucomycin, rokitamycin, and spiramycin are still in the investigation stage and they tend to exhibit in vitro antibacterial activities similar to those of erythromycin.
Cost-Effective Drug Switch Options After Unsuccessful Treatment With an SSRI for Depression

Objective:Multiple treatment options are available for patients who do not respond to initial treatment for major depressive disorder. Previous results show that bupropion, sertraline, and venlafaxine are comparable in terms of therapeutic effectiveness following unsuccessful treatment with citalopram. In this study, we extended these results by incorporating costs of treatment to determine if one option was more cost-effective relative to others.Methods:In the STAR*D (Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression) trial, 727 patients were randomly assigned to a switch drug treatment during level 2; 239 (33%) were assigned to bupropion, 238 (33%) to sertraline, and 250 (34%) to venlafaxine. For each study medication, the total costs included the costs of the medication, other concomitant medication and antidepressants, and health care facility utilization. Effectiveness was measured as remission and response. Cost-effectiveness was assessed as net health benefits. Stochastic analysis was performe...