cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
From personal area networks to ubiquitous computing: preparing for a paradigm shift in the workplace

The integration of different mobile communications technologies is providing a new capability, personal area networking (PAN) that considers different needs for time-and space-related information and has the potential to significantly change the way we work. Mobile telephony combining satellite and terrestrial cellular systems has already transformed the way people work by allowing "anytime, anywhere" telephone calling and text messaging. This conceptual paper explores the opportunities and challenges of planning and deploying this emerging technology, PANs, and, eventually, a fully ubiquitous computing network, from two perspectives: the internal management of information technology (IT) within the enterprise and the mobile telecommunications service provider. The early adopter employee demands or "pulls" emerging technology capabilities from the IT organization while the mobile telecommunications service providers markets or "pushes" emerging technology capabilities on the enterprise IT organization. The IT manager must balance these two perspectives. This research is in the early stages of determining how the IT manager should begin the planning and implementation of PANs. After an introduction on the different types of technologies that support the 'anytime-anywhere' paradigm, this paper discusses how mobile telecom service providers identify their customer needs and the products and services they will need to offer to meet those needs.
Fiddling While Rome Burns: The Place of Academic Theology in the Study of Religion

Theology, defined specifically as academic theology, belongs as a legitimate area of expertise in ie study of religion.lAcademic theologians, like historianss comparatists, philosophers, and social scientists of religion, should hold a rightful and honorable place as teachers and scholars in the discipline. Like other scholars of religion, academic theologians advance knowledge of religion. As intentional critics and makers of religious symbol systems and as critics of the wider cultures within which such systems flourish, academic theologians make a distinctives valuable contribution to teaching and to scholarship-in non-sectarian liberal education environments, as well as in seminaries and divinity schools. In this essay I seek to represent the contribution of academic theology to private undergraduate institutions of liberal education in particular. First, however, some more general remarks are in order. Contention over whether academic theology properly belongs to the study of religion arises out of longstanding debates over the status of the study of religion (as, for example, a distinct discipline), the precise nature of religious studies as a field, and the meanings of the concepts religion and academic theology. While addressing these wider questions is both necessary and useful to the continued growth and life of the discipline, it is unlikely that scholars will reach consensus on this issue once and for all. To quote Sherwin Nuland speaking to a different set of issues, "In the United States and democratic
China's Civil Justice System: Legal Reforms in the Global Economy

This chapter provides background facts about the Chinese legal system, including the different sources of law and legal institutions in China. Importantly, the chapter analyzes how citizens are using the law in China by following one particular dispute as it winds its way through the layers of informal and formal institutions. To understand the Chinese legal system, one must understand not only how it is structured “on the books,” but also how it works “at the ground level.”
Characterization of central nervous system multiple myeloma in the era of novel therapies

Central nervous system multiple myeloma (CNS-MM) is rare, involving approximately 1–1.8% of all MM cases.[1–4] Currently, no treatment guidelines for CNS-MM exist and the reported prognosis remains...
Spectroscopic and Computational Investigations of The Thermodynamics of Boronate Ester and Diazaborole Self-Assembly.

The solution phase self-assembly of boronate esters, diazaboroles, oxathiaboroles, and dithiaboroles from the condensation of arylboronic acids with aromatic diol, diamine, hydroxythiol, and dithiol compounds in chloroform has been investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy and computational methods. Six arylboronic acids were included in the investigations with each boronic acid varying in the substituent at its 4-position. Both computational and experimental results show that the para-substituent of the arylboronic acid does not significantly influence the favorability of forming a condensation product with a given organic donor. The type of donor, however, greatly influences the favorability of self-assembly. 1H NMR spectroscopy indicates that condensation reactions between arylboronic acids and catechol to give boronate esters are the most favored thermodynamically, followed by diazaborole formation. Computational investigations support this conclusion. Neither oxathiaboroles nor dithiaboroles form spontaneo...
Amelogenin in Enamel Tissue Engineering

In this chapter the basic premises, the recent findings and the future challenges in the use of amelogenin for enamel tissue engineering are being discoursed on. Results emerging from the experiments performed to assess the fundamental physicochemical mechanisms of the interaction of amelogenin, the main protein of the enamel matrix, and the growing crystals of apatite, are mentioned, alongside a moderately comprehensive literature review of the subject at hand. The clinical importance of understanding this protein/mineral interaction at the nanoscale are highlighted as well as the potential for tooth enamel to act as an excellent model system for studying some of the essential aspects of biomineralization processes in general. The dominant paradigm stating that amelogenin directs the uniaxial growth of apatite crystals in enamel by slowing down the growth of (hk0) faces on which it adheres is being questioned based on the results demonstrating the ability of amelogenin to promote the nucleation and crystal growth of apatite under constant titration conditions designed to mimic those present in the developing enamel matrix. The role of numerous minor components of the enamel matrix is being highlighted as essential and impossible to compensate for by utilizing its more abundant ingredients only. It is concluded that the three major aspects of amelogenesis outlined hereby – (1) the assembly of amelogenin and other enamel matrix proteins, (2) the proteolytic activity, and (3) crystallization – need to be in precise synergy with each other in order for the grounds for the proper imitation of amelogenesis in the lab to be created.
Transcriptome Profiling of Tiller Buds Provides New Insights into PhyB Regulation of Tillering and Indeterminate Growth in Sorghum

Phytochrome B (phyB) enables plants to modify shoot branching or tillering in response to varying light intensities and ratios of red and far-red light caused by shading and neighbor proximity. Tillering is inhibited in sorghum genotypes that lack phytochrome B (58M, phyB-1) until after floral initiation. The growth of tiller buds in the first leaf axil of wild-type (100M, PHYB) and phyB-1 sorghum genotypes is similar until 6 d after planting when buds of phyB-1 arrest growth, while wild-type buds continue growing and develop into tillers. Transcriptome analysis at this early stage of bud development identified numerous genes that were up to 50-fold differentially expressed in wild-type/phyB-1 buds. Up-regulation of terminal flower1, GA2oxidase, and TPPI could protect axillary meristems in phyB-1 from precocious floral induction and decrease bud sensitivity to sugar signals. After bud growth arrest in phyB-1, expression of dormancy-associated genes such as DRM1, GT1, AF1, and CKX1 increased and ENOD93, ACCoxidase, ARR3/6/9, CGA1, and SHY2 decreased. Continued bud outgrowth in wild-type was correlated with increased expression of genes encoding a SWEET transporter and cell wall invertases. The SWEET transporter may facilitate Suc unloading from the phloem to the apoplast where cell wall invertases generate monosaccharides for uptake and utilization to sustain bud outgrowth. Elevated expression of these genes was correlated with higher levels of cytokinin/sugar signaling in growing buds of wild-type plants.
Privacy Considerations and Techniques for Neuroimages

This chapter presents key issues and techniques for preserving privacy of neuroimage datasets. Neuroimages pose unique challenges to medical privacy and image datasets. In addition to PII commonly found in medical image meta data, the data in a neuroimage itself may contain distinctive facial features that permit the identification of a subject. The chapter begins with a discussion of the identifying properties of neuroimage data, along with established processes and popular tools for storage, analysis and processing. Next, privacy risks and hazards of neuroimages are explored, including those posed by meta data and data alike. Volume rendering and facial reconstruction provide platforms for re-identification of sanitized neuroimage data. Tools for scrubbing meta data and for defacing neuroimage data are essential components to neuroimage archive and repository workflow pipelines.
Route of 59 Fe administration as a factor effecting the sensitivity of an erythropoietin bioassay.

SummarySeveral critical factors which interfere with the effects of ESF in iron incorporation may alter the sensitivity of a bioassay for ESF. Among these factors may be included the route of administration of 59Fe. Depressed incorporation of 59Fe into the blood occurs when crude preparations of ESF and 59Fe are both administered ip. The results suggest that the problem is one of absorption and that this obstacle can be avoided by injecting test materials and 59Fe by different routes.I express my appreciation to Drs. Howard A. Meineke and Perry G. Rigby for their advice and helpful comments on the manuscript. Isotope counting equipment was graciously supplied by Dr. Merton A. Quaife.
Fluorine Flame Calorimetry III. The Heat of Formation of Chlorine Trifluoride at 298.15 K.

The standard heat of formation of chlorine trifluoride (gas) at 298.15 K has been determined to be - 164.65 kj mol-1 (-39.35 kcal mol-1) with an overall experimental uncertainty of 5.14 kj mol-1 (1.23 kcal mol-1). This value is derived from the enthalpies of the following reactions which were measured directly in a flame calorimeter operated at 1 atm pressure and 303.5 K, together with data from previous investigations. ClF 3 ( g ) + 2 H 2 ( g ) + 100 H 2 O ( 1 ) → [ HC 1 ⋅ 3 HF ⋅ 100 H 2 O ] ( 1 ) ( 1 / 2 ) Cl 2 ( g ) + 1 / 2 H 2 ( g ) + [ 3 HF ⋅ 100 H 2 O ] ( 1 ) → [ HC 1 ⋅ 3 HF ⋅ 100 H 2 O ] ( 1 ) The enthalpy of formation of [HC1‧100H2O](l) was also measured. The average Cl - F bond energy in chlorine trifluoride is calculated to be 160.1 kj mol-1 (38.26 kcal mol-1).
Unifying Plan-space Value-based Approximate Dynamic Programming Policies and Open Loop Feedback Control

We examine the complementary strengths of value function based policy learning and guided search. Our work unifies rollout based open-loop feedback control (outlined by Bertsekas 2 ) and plan-space approximate dynamic programming (studied by Boyan 3 ). We exploit the strengths of this unified space by finding a natural order and metric for considering plan changes. Open-loop feedback control builds and executes a sequence of actions (an open-loop plan) at runtime. When the resulting real-world situation deviates from what was expected, the system replans. Reinforcement learning solves the same problem by learning an approximate value function, which is subsequently used to select actions. We typically cannot learn exact value functions for interesting real-world problems. Therefore, we use rollout (value function based limited search) to construct an open-loop plan that improves upon value function based action selection. Rollout is performed in the real-world state-space and actions are added to the plan in time order, the same order as they are exectued in the real-world. On the other hand, planspace search constructs an open-loop plan out of order. For example, a future action may be added to a plan even though our immediate action has not yet been determined. The term plan-space refers to the fact that we are searching though a space of plans. We can likewise guide plan-space search by learning a value function. A plan-space value function informs us of actions that should be added to our plan. Rollout-based open-loop feedback control and plan-space approximate dynamic programming are generally considered orthogonal. 7 However, we have constructed an inclusive framework that incorporates both methods. We present experiments to find natural planning action spaces, which prescribe allowable plan changes that meaningfully reflect their impact on global optimality. We demonstrate our approach on multiple unmanned air vehicle adaptive mission planning.
Photoinduced Water Oxidation at the Aqueous GaN (101̅0) Interface: Deprotonation Kinetics of the First Proton-Coupled Electron-Transfer Step

Photoelectrochemical water splitting plays a key role in a promising path to the carbon-neutral generation of solar fuels. Wurzite GaN and its alloys (e.g., GaN/ZnO and InGaN) are demonstrated photocatalysts for water oxidation, and they can drive the overall water splitting reaction when coupled with co-catalysts for proton reduction. The present work investigates the water oxidation mechanism on the prototypical GaN (1010) surface using a combined ab initio molecular dynamics and molecular cluster model approach taking into account the role of water dissociation and hydrogen bonding within the first solvation shell of the hydroxylated surface. The investigation of free-energy changes for the four proton-coupled electron-transfer (PCET) steps of the water oxidation mechanism shows that the first PCET step for the conversion of −Ga–OH to −Ga–O•– requires the highest energy input. The study further examines the sequential PCETs, with the proton transfer (PT) following the electron transfer (ET), and finds...
Durable network coded distributed storage

In distributed cloud storages fault tolerance is maintained by regenerating the lost coded data from the surviving clouds. Recent studies suggest using maximum distance separable (MDS) network codes in cloud storage systems to allow efficient and reliable recovery after node faults. MDS codes are designed to use a substantial number of repair nodes and rely on centralized management and a static fully connected network between the nodes. However, in highly dynamic environments, like edge caching in communication networks or peer-to-peer networks, availability of the nodes and the communication links is very volatile. In these scenarios MDS codes functionality is limited. In this paper we study a non-MDS network coded approach, which operates in a decentralized manner and requires a small number of repair nodes for node recovery. We investigate long-term behavior and durability of the modeled system in terms of the storage life time, i.e. the number of the cycles of nodes failure and recovery after which the storage no longer have enough data to decode the original source packets. We demonstrate, analytically and numerically, the life time gains over uncoded storage.
Surrender: An Essay on the Theory of Sovereignty and Alternative Possibilities

Paul W. Kahn, in Sacred Violence, stresses that the popular sovereign of liberal democracy remains sovereign nonetheless, and so the demand for sacrifice maintains a powerful hold on the civic conscience. A distinction in Hobbes’s Leviathan between contract and covenant provides the basis for a critique of the so-called social contract tradition, including its liberal variants, which argues that it persists in the mistake of characterizing as voluntary that which is not, and thus continues to justify a collective fantasy of transcendental authority. If we accept Kahn’s defense of an indissoluble theoretical link between sovereign power and sacred violence in the modern political imaginary, then an effort to move away from this bloody paradigm requires us to conceptualize an alternative to sovereignty or to the violent experience of the sacred or, likely, both. In the effort to re-imagine politics as a realm of freedom and power in direct opposition to sovereignty and violence, I take for granted both Arendt’s understanding of power and her critique of sovereignty; Bakunin’s materialist theory of anarchism and the fertile metaphysical speculations of novelist Henry Miller then provide inspiration for a principle of surrender that may act as alternative experience of the sacred.
Discussion About High Frequency Leakage Current of High Frequency Surgical Euquipment

As development of Medical Electrical Equipment,there are more and more High Frequency Surgical Equipments with similar function and different quality making by domestic company.The requirement of High Frequency leakage current is one of the vital safety requirements of High Frequency Surgical Equipment.This paper is dedicated to discuss the definition,measurement and control method of High Frequency leakage current.
Malignancy in Maffucci's syndrome

Maffucci's syndrome is characterized by multiple enchondromas and subcutaneous hemangiomas. These tumors typically present in early childhood and may lead to significant skeletal deformities. Malignant transformations are a common feature of this syndrome and have been reported in approximately 30% of reported cases, with chondrosarcomas being the most common.
Revision parathyroid surgery

Hyperparathyroidism is an uncommon disease, that is, usually diagnosed after a patient is found to have repeatedly elevated calcium levels on routine blood testing. Some patients may experience problems with recurrent kidney stones, memory difficulty, constipation, osteoporosis, or chronic fatigue. Patients exhibit chronic calcium and parathyroid hormone elevation, often undiagnosed for several years. Surgery is the definitive intervention, resulting in cure in 95% of patients when performed by an experienced parathyroid surgeon. Unfortunately, many patients initially receive surgical exploration by surgeons with limited experience, resulting in biochemical cure rates as low as 60%-70%. Unfortunately, recurrence may occur due to failed exploration, a second adenoma, or multigland hyperplasia. Resolution of the hyperparathyroid state requires additional surgery to remove any overactive parathyroid tissue. Reoperative surgery inherently brings increased surgical risks and decreased surgical success of cure. Hence, a focused and organized approach to this patient population is essential for optimizing the outcome of revision parathyroid surgery.
The Exercise of Central Government Authority: the Budget

Those who deal with and understand the public budget system in United States government will see much that seems the same in the Japanese system. In both cases, it is useful to think about the budget in phases — the managerial phase and the political phase — although of course they meld together. The great surprise which emerges for American observers is the relative value of these two phases in terms of how the substance of the budget is really determined.
Some problems for Gibbard's norm-expressivism

I conclude that Gibbard fails to solve several of the traditional problems for expressivism. He solves some of these problems, but his solutions to them in effect give up expressivism. Of course, one might respond that it does not really matter whether his theory is expressivist. In some ways, I agree. Gibbard says many fascinating things about morality which have at most indirect connections to his expressivist analysis. I am thinking especially of his later discussions of hyperscepticism (180), parochialism (203 ff.), and indirect pragmatism (224). These views could still be developed even if he gave up expressivism. All I have tried to show here is that he does need to give up expressivism unless he can solve the problems that I have raised.
Sexually Transmitted Infections in Child Abuse

Abstract Sexual abuse of children and adolescents places these victims at risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and represents an important public health issue. The timely diagnosis and management of STIs can prevent negative long-term health effects and have important forensic implications. The emergency department is a common setting for patients to initially present with reported sexual abuse, and it is important for emergency care providers to have an understanding of the recommended approach to STI screening and management of these patients.
A retrospective analysis of the quality of care in patients with advanced malignancies who received nivolumab at an upstate NY tertiary referral center.

233Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as nivolumab, have rapidly gained in popularity and use since their development and subsequent FDA approval. With an ever burgeoning list of indications for its use, we evaluated its use within our tertiary care center as well as its impact on our healthcare system to investigate the quality of care these patients received as well as the extent of the benefit that they received from this novel therapy. Methods: Charts were collected of patients at SUNY Upstate Cancer Center who were started on treatment with Nivolumab between March 4, 2015 and June 1, 2016. This returned a total of 88 (eighty-eight) patients who underwent chart review process for this IRB-exempt retrospective study. Patients who were lost to follow-up or received their oncology care outside of the Upstate Regional Cancer Center were excluded from the final analysis, leaving 83 (eighty-three) patients on whom the final analyses were performed. Statistical analyses were performed using Micro...
Novel Hybrid Catalyst for the Oxidation of Organic Acids: Pd Nanoparticles Supported on Mn‐N‐3D‐Graphene Nanosheets

This paper reports the fabrication and electrochemical performance of a hybrid catalyst comprising of Pd nanoparticles and atomically dispersed Mn active centers integrated into the nitrogen doped three-dimensional graphene nanosheets (Pd/Mn-N-3D-GNS). Our results show that the synergistic integration of both Pd nanoparticles and atomically dispersed Mn can be used to enhance the activity toward the electrochemical oxidation of organic acids at biologically relevant pHs. The hybrid catalyst (Pd/Mn-N-3D-GNS) showed increased maximum currents toward the oxidation of oxalic acid when compared to its individual catalysts, namely, Pd/3D-GNS and Mn-N-3D-GNS catalysts. The hybrid also showed a decreased onset potential for oxidation of mesoxalic acid as compared to Mn-N-3D-GNS and decreased onset potentials for the oxidation of glyoxalic acid when compared to both of its constituent catalysts. Oxidation of formic acid was also tested and the hybrid was shown to catalyze both dehydration and dehydrogenation mechanisms of formic acid electro-oxidation. Using density functional theory calculations, it was elucidated that a two-site catalysis most likely promotes dehydrogenation reaction for formic acid oxidation, which can explain the selectivity of Pd nanoparticles and atomically dispersed Mn towards dehydrogenation/dehydration path.
Amplification of F-Actin Disassembly and Cellular Repulsion by Growth Factor Signaling

Extracellular cues that regulate cellular shape, motility, and navigation are generally classified as growth promoting (i.e., growth factors/chemoattractants and attractive guidance cues) or growth preventing (i.e., repellents and inhibitors). Yet, these designations are often based on complex assays and undefined signaling pathways and thus may misrepresent direct roles of specific cues. Here, we find that a recognized growth-promoting signaling pathway amplifies the F-actin disassembly and repulsive effects of a growth-preventing pathway. Focusing on Semaphorin/Plexin repulsion, we identified an interaction between the F-actin-disassembly enzyme Mical and the Abl tyrosine kinase. Biochemical assays revealed Abl phosphorylates Mical to directly amplify Mical Redox-mediated F-actin disassembly. Genetic assays revealed that Abl allows growth factors and Semaphorin/Plexin repellents to combinatorially increase Mical-mediated F-actin disassembly, cellular remodeling, and repulsive axon guidance. Similar roles for Mical in growth factor/Abl-related cancer cell behaviors further revealed contexts in which characterized positive effectors of growth/guidance stimulate such negative cellular effects as F-actin disassembly/repulsion.
A Reversible, Charge-Induced Intramolecular C4a-S-Cysteinyl-Flavin in Choline Oxidase Variant S101C

Choline oxidase serves as a paradigm for alcohol oxidation catalyzed by flavin-dependent enzymes. In its active site, S101 is 4 A from the flavin C4a atom on an extended loop. Enzyme variants substituted at S101 were generated in a previous study and investigated mechanistically [Yuan, H., and Gadda, G. (2011) Biochemistry 50, 770–779]. In this study, the typical ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption spectrum of oxidized flavin was observed for the S101C enzyme in HEPES, TES, or sodium phosphate, whereas an absorption spectrum suggesting the presence of a C4a-flavin adduct with cysteine was obtained in Tris-HCl at pH 8.0. pH titrations of the UV–vis absorption spectrum of the wild-type, S101A, S101C, and H99N enzymes in the presence and absence of Tris allowed for the determination of two pKa values that define a pH range in which the C4a-S-cysteinyl flavin is stabilized. Inhibition studies and stopped-flow kinetics demonstrated that binding of protonated Tris in the active site of the S101C enzyme is r...
Care Work in Transition: Transnational Circuits of Gender, Migration, and Care:

This article presents a broad overview of the emerging field of scholarship on gender, migration and care work. The first section provides a rationale for linking the embodied intimate labor of sex...
Alaskan Tsunamis Revisited

The study of Alaskan tsunamis presents a number of problems. The first European visitors and settlers were Russian fur traders first arriving in 1741, and the written record for more than the first century is mainly in old style Russian script A sparse population, particularly in the highly active Aleutian Islands, continues to the present day. There are tectonically-generated tsunamis predominantly from the Aleutian Arc and Alaskan Peninsula, at least one volcanic tsunami from a landslide from an erupting volcano, and, most important locally, subaerial and submarine landslide tsunamis from the Prince William Sound and southeastern Alaska The latter are related to the glacial topography and have caused most of the fatalities and damage. They are usually associated with a single bay and occur almost immediately after the triggering earthquake, posing severe problems for warnings and evasive actions. Teletsunamis have historically not been a significant problem.
Introduction to MODIS Cloud Products

The Earth’s radiative energy balance and hydrological cycle are fundamentally coupled with the distribution and properties of clouds. Therefore, the ability to remotely infer cloud properties and their variation in space and time is crucial for establishing climatologies as a reference for validation of present-day climate models and in assessing future climate change. Remote cloud observations also provide data sets useful for testing and improving cloud model physics, and for assimilation into numerical weather prediction models.
An alternative splicing switch in FLNB promotes the mesenchymal cell state in human breast cancer

Alternative splicing of mRNA precursors represents a key gene expression regulatory step and permits the generation of distinct protein products with diverse functions. In a genome-scale expression screen for inducers of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), we found a striking enrichment of RNA-binding proteins. We validated that QKI and RBFOX1 were necessary and sufficient to induce an intermediate mesenchymal cell state and increased tumorigenicity. Using RNA-seq and eCLIP analysis, we found that QKI and RBFOX1 coordinately regulated the splicing and function of the actin-binding protein FLNB, which plays a causal role in the regulation of EMT. Specifically, the skipping of FLNB exon 30 induced EMT by releasing the FOXC1 transcription factor. Moreover, skipping of FLNB exon 30 is strongly associated with EMT gene signatures in basal-like breast cancer patient samples. These observations identify a specific dysregulation of splicing, which regulates tumor cell plasticity and is frequently observed in human cancer.
Abstract B14: Sprouty4 regulates the transition to invasive breast ductal carcinoma through ERK/MAPK signaling

Breast cancer is one of the most common oncologic developments in U.S. women, with approximately 25% of these cases being in situ disease (DCIS). For many years DCIS lesions have been treated using surgery and radiotherapy with the goal of decreasing the amount of late-stage disease. Unfortunately, a number of reports have since shown that early intervention is not sufficient and have highlighted the likelihood of overtreatment. This is especially true for triple-negative breast cancers, which are more strongly associated with distant recurrence, metastasis, and death compared to other types of invasive breast ductal carcinoma (IDC). These factors have generated a substantial clinical need for reliable biomarkers or molecular determinants to assess disease progression. Sprouty proteins are recognized as important regulators of ERK/MAPK signaling, and have been studied in various cancers. We hypothesize that Sprouty4 is an endogenous inhibitor of ERK/MAPK signaling, and its loss or reduced expression is a mechanism by which DCIS lesions progress toward IDC, including triple-negative disease. Using immunohistochemistry we found that Sprouty4 expression was reduced in IDC patient tissue samples compared to normal or DCIS tissues, and that ERK/MAPK activity had an inverse relationship to Sprouty4 expression. These results correspond with immunoblot data from our 3D culture model of breast cancer progression in which Sprouty4 expression was higher during DCIS than in the IDC stage. Efficient overexpression of Sprouty4 reduced both ERK/MAPK activity as well as the aggressive phenotype of MCF10.CA1d IDC cells. Immunofluorescence experiments revealed data consistent with the relocation of E-cadherin back to the cell surface and the restoration of adherens junctions. To determine whether these effects were due to changes in ERK/MAPK signaling, IDC cells were treated with MEK162, an allosteric MEK inhibitor. Nanomolar concentrations of drug produced the restoration of an epithelial-like phenotype similar to Sprouty4 overexpression. From these data we conclude that Sprouty4 may act to control ERK/MAPK signaling in DCIS, thus limiting the progression of these premalignant breast lesions. Citation Format: Ethan J. Brock, Ryan Jackson, Julie L. Boerner, Quanwen Li, Bonnie F. Sloane, Raymond R. Mattingly. Sprouty4 regulates the transition to invasive breast ductal carcinoma through ERK/MAPK signaling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Breast Cancer Research; 2017 Oct 7-10; Hollywood, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2018;16(8_Suppl):Abstract nr B14.
State Estimation for Heavily Loaded System: A Comparative Study

Real time state information provided by the state estimator plays a major role in power system monitoring and control. As a result, the convergence of the estimator under various system operating conditions becomes one of the key requirements. This paper presents a robust state estimation framework that generalizes several well-known estimators. The statistical robustness of each estimator has been studied analytically through the total influence function. Furthermore, the correlation between the statistical robustness of an estimator and the numerical robustness of the iterative algorithm is investigated as well. Numerical results carried out on the IEEE test system reveal that the Schweppe-type Huber generalized maximum-likelihood estimator works well in all simulated scenarios while the other alternatives have convergence problems or numerical instability issues under stressed system operating conditions.
Axonogenesis Is Coordinated by Neuron-Specific Alternative Splicing Programming and Splicing Regulator PTBP2.

Summary How a neuron acquires an axon is a fundamental question. Piecemeal identification of many axonogenesis-related genes has been done, but coordinated regulation is unknown. Through unbiased transcriptome profiling of immature primary cortical neurons during early axon formation, we discovered an association between axonogenesis and neuron-specific alternative splicing. Known axonogenesis genes exhibit little expression alternation but widespread splicing changes. Axonogenesis-associated splicing is governed by RNA binding protein PTBP2, which is enriched in neurons and peaks around axonogenesis in the brain. Cortical depletion of PTBP2 prematurely induces axonogenesis-associated splicing, causes imbalanced expression of axonogenesis-associated isoforms, and specifically affects axon formation in vitro and in vivo. PTBP2-controlled axonogenesis-associated Shtn1 splicing determines SHTN1’s capacity to regulate actin interaction, polymerization, and axon growth. Precocious Shtn1 isoform switch contributes to disorganized axon formation of Ptbp2−/− neurons. We conclude that PTBP2-orchestrated alternative splicing programming is required for robust generation of a single axon in mammals.
Reducing infections “together”: A review of socioadaptive approaches

Reducing healthcare-associated infections often requires the use of both technical and adaptive strategies. The experiences of Semmelweis and Nightingale teach us the importance of social adaptation of technical interventions. Because most infection prevention interventions require widespread participation by healthcare personnel, it is helpful for infectious diseases physicians to learn principles of diffusion of innovations theory and apply them to influence different groups. Comprehensive unit-based program has been successful in reducing device-associated infections. Positive deviance as a socioadaptive approach may be promising. These and other approaches such as social network analysis, relational coordination, link nurses, and stop the line policies need to be further evaluated in future studies. Future research on socioadaptive interventions needs to focus on developing tools and strategies for diagnosing local context and study how these interventions might influence culture of safety. Strategies to sustain momentum of improvement efforts in different healthcare settings need to be refined and further developed through additional research.
Laparoscopic Extended Right Colectomy

Laparoscopic colectomy is now the standard of care for suitable patients when an appropriately trained surgeon is available. Right hemicolectomy lends itself to a very standardised, reproducible technique that is relatively easily learned and is based on sound oncological principles. An extended right colectomy, whether for benign or malignant indications complicates the procedure, as mobilisation of the middle colic vessels is required. Our approach to extended right colectomy is discussed here, emphasizing a structured, stepwise approach that works easily in most clinical situations and permits a successful laparoscopic approach in almost all patients.
"Felony assault should stick:" Assaulted EMS responders' frustration and dissatisfaction with the legal system.

Introduction The prevalence of violence to first responders is reported in ranges of approximately 40% to 90%. Pennsylvania has a felonious assault statute to address such violence, but the prosecutorial process has been noted to cause first-responder dissatisfaction. Methods An exploratory qualitative study using individual interviews with snowball sampling was conducted with the Philadelphia District Attorney's office to understand the prosecutorial process when a first responder is assaulted and injured in a line of duty. The Philadelphia Fire Department provided a list of first responders who sustained a work-related injury from a patient or bystander assault so that particular cases could be discussed during the interviews. Results Emergent themes fell into two categories: factors that lead to a charge (prosecutorial merit, intent, and victim investment), and the judge's discretion in sentencing ("part of the job" mentality, concern for the defendant, and the justice system's offender focus). Immediately actionable tertiary prevention recommendations for fire departments, labor unions, and district attorney's offices were developed. Conclusion Violence against fire-based emergency medical service (EMS) responders is a persistent and preventable workplace hazard. While felonious assault statutes express society's value that it is unacceptable to harm a first responder, this study found that such statutes failed to provide satisfaction to victims and that support when going through the court process is lacking. Assaulted EMS responders, their employers, and labor unions would benefit from the recommendations provided herein to help them extract a stronger sense of procedural justice from the legal process.
Physicians Prescribe More Opioid Than Needed to Treat Pain in Children After Outpatient Urological Procedures: An Observational Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND The epidemic of nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NMUPOs) has been fueled in part by the availability of leftover, legitimately prescribed opioids. In children, outpatient urological procedures are among the most common surgeries performed, but data are lacking to guide appropriate postoperative opioid prescribing. The aim of this study was to compare the amount of prescribed opioid medication to the amount taken for acute pain after minor pediatric urological surgery and to determine the disposition of excess opioid. In addition, we explored whether distinct patient characteristics and procedure type influenced opioid prescribing and consumption. METHODS Of the 139 families of pediatric patients enrolled, 115 were interviewed within 48 hours and/or 10-14 days of discharge to determine the amount of opioid prescribed and consumed, duration of treatment, and disposition of unconsumed opioid. RESULTS The most common procedures performed were circumcision (n = 58) and orchiopexy (n = 40). Most patients (98%) were male, and 77% were <8 years of age. All opioid prescriptions were for oxycodone dosed every 4 hours as needed (PRN). Median number of doses prescribed was 30 (interquartile range [IQR], 23-31; n = 138) for both respondents who reported doses remaining (IQR, 29-31; n = 83) and those who did not (IQR, 22-32; n = 55). Among those reporting doses remaining, median number of doses consumed was 4.2 (IQR, 0-14). Multivariable linear regression showed no significant association between doses consumed and patient age, type of procedure, discharge pain score, or use of adjuvant analgesics. Median duration of opioid therapy was 2 days (IQR, 0-5; n = 83) with each additional day of opioid use corresponding to an average increase in consumption of 2.3 doses (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-2.8). An estimated 75% (95% CI, 69%-81%) of opioid dispensed was not consumed, and 86% (72/83) of patients took ≤18 doses. Forty-four of 65 (68%) families reported receiving no disposal instructions for leftover opioid, and only 7 families disposed of leftover medication. CONCLUSIONS For minor pediatric urological surgeries in young boys, a 3-day supply (18 doses) of opioid was sufficient to adequately treat acute postoperative pain in most patients. Adjusting opioid dispensing to align with consumption and better educating patients and families on opioid disposal can be used to potentially decrease availability of leftover opioids in homes and communities.
8 – DOMAIN: PART II

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the effects of four different revisions of the domain for a collective choice rule. In the first revision, the set N of individuals is no longer constrained to be finite. This revision permits construction of collective choice rules that satisfy all Arrow's conditions. However, an impossibility result by Kirman and Sondermann can be shown to hold for the infinite N case. The second revision considers populations of different sizes. Each profile has only finitely many orderings but not all profiles have the same number of orderings. The third revision has collective choice operating on cardinal utilities rather than preference preorderings.
Perceptions of Public Health Priorities and Accountability Among US Mayors.

ObjectiveMayors have considerable and often direct influence over health policy in their cities, yet little is known about mayors’ general perceptions of current public health challenges. The objec...
Who Is Part of the Problem?: Critical Analysis of New York Times Readers’ Comments on the Environmental Cost of Fashion Consumption

Using critical discourse analysis, we examined New York Times readers’ perspectives on the topic of fashion sustainability by analyzing 1,000+ comments posted to Elizabeth Cline’s opinion article “Wear clothes? Then you’re part of the problem.” Drawing on institutional theory, we identified actors and institutions that readers viewed responsible for the environmental footprint of the fashion market: obsessive consumers, greedy corporations, and ineffective regulatory institutions. To minimize the footprint, readers proposed a number of sustainable fashion consumption practices as well as regulating industry processes. We uncovered how two fashion logics, (1) the logic of continuously changing trends and (2) the logic of dress codes, guide consumer practices within the fashion market, which is governed by the overarching logic of capitalism. By identifying causes, articulating actions for change, and questioning the legitimacy of the fashion logics, readers displayed interests in consumer activism that aim to transform the mainstream marketplace towards sustainable solutions.
A Low Cost sEMG Development Platform for Hand Joint Angle Acquisition

A consolidation of sEMG to Muscle Force signal processing and Fingertip Workspace Mathematics (FWM) is hypothesized in this literature. Consequently, this hypothesis suggests a projection matrix from muscle force to joint angles of the hand. Using a supervised kinematic algorithm, an sEMG device can learn to describe an individual's fingertip positions in two steps. The first step is inverse kinematics to learn a projection from joint angle to muscle force. The second step is forward kinematics of muscle forces to predict joint angles without direct observation. This literature presents low cost hardware design for acquiring forearm sEMG signals and fingertip joint angles. The consolidation of sEMG to muscle force and kinematic hand modeling bridges the gap between physiologic research and human interfacing technology.
Ageism as a Modifying Influence on COVID-19 Health Beliefs and Intention to Social Distance.

Objectives: Commentaries have suggested that initial emphasis on the higher susceptibility and mortality rates of older adults to COVID-19 has instigated ageism within the public discourse and policy decisions. Using the health belief model, the current study examined ageism in interaction with other factors influencing intention to social distance. Methods: Threat of contracting COVID-19, benefits and barriers to social distancing, benevolent and hostile ageism, and intention to social distance were examined in 960 adults (M = 37.81 years, SD = 11.65). Results: Benevolent and hostile ageism were significant moderators for both perceived threat and barriers on intent to social distance; hostile ageism also moderated benefits on intent to social distance. Discussion: The current study demonstrates how ageism influences behavior during a pandemic. With initial reports of COVID-19 presenting older adults as a homogenous group, ageism negatively interacted with intention to social distance and may place older adults at greater risk.
Behavioral Phenotyping in a Murine Model of GBA1-Associated Parkinson Disease.

Mutations in GBA1, the gene encoding glucocerebrosidase, are common genetic risk factors for Parkinson disease (PD). While the mechanism underlying this relationship is unclear, patients with GBA1-associated PD often have an earlier onset and faster progression than idiopathic PD. Previously, we modeled GBA1-associated PD by crossing gba haploinsufficient mice with mice overexpressing a human mutant α-synuclein transgene (SNCAA53T), observing an earlier demise, shorter life span and faster symptom progression, although behavioral testing was not performed. To assess whether gba+/−//SNCAA53T mice exhibit a prodromal behavioral phenotype, we studied three cardinal PD features: olfactory discrimination, memory dysfunction, and motor function. The longitudinal performance of gba+/−//SNCAA53T (n = 8), SNCAA53T (n = 9), gba+/− (n = 10) and wildtype (n = 6) mice was evaluated between ages 8 and 23 months using the buried pellet test, novel object recognition test and the beam walk. Fifteen-month-old gba+/−//SNCAA53T mice showed more olfactory and motor deficits than wildtype mice. However, differences between gba+/−//SNCAA53T and SNCAA53T mice generally did not reach statistical significance, possibly due to small sample sizes. Furthermore, while gba haploinsufficiency leads to a more rapid demise, this might not result in an earlier prodromal stage, and other factors, including aging, oxidative stress and epigenetics, may contribute to the more fulminant disease course.
Parent and Peer Norms are Unique Correlates of COVID-19 Vaccine Intentions in a Diverse Sample of U.S. Adolescents.

Abstract Purpose Recent studies have documented worrisome levels of hesitancy and resistance to the COVID-19 vaccine, including within the adolescent population. In this study, we examined attitudinal (perceived severity of COVID-19, vaccine-related concerns) and interpersonal (parent and peer norms) antecedents of adolescents' intentions to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods Participants were 916 adolescents (aged 12–17 years) from across the United States (47.3% male) representing diverse ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds (26% African-American, 22% Hispanic/Latinx, 35% white, 7% Asian American). They completed a survey on their experiences and attitudes surrounding COVID-19 and the COVID-19 vaccine. Results Parent and peer norms were distinct predictors of adolescent willingness to receive the vaccine. These norms were associated with vaccine intentions directly and indirectly through adolescents' beliefs about the vaccine's safety, efficacy, and necessity. Parent norms in particular displayed large effect sizes and explained considerable variance in adolescents' vaccine intentions. Conclusions Parents and friends—who figure as adolescents' most salient interpersonal relationships—are key leveraging points in promoting adolescents' uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine. Norm interventions and family-based interventions may be successful in this regard.
Love as a Necessary Corrective: Toward Antiracist Schools for Our Children

In this essay, the authors draw on their experiences as teachers, scholars, and parents who identify as Chinese American and Chicana to articulate their vision of antiracist schools. The essay name...
Cooperative Antitrust Monopolization and the Theory of Contestable Markets

The judiciary has relied on a firm's market share to evaluate the presence of monopoly power for a Sherman Act monopolization violation. However, an allegation that a firm's market share constitutes monopoly power may be refuted by evidence that there exists a contestable market. Contestable market theory shows that there is no monopoly power where there exists a threat of entry of other firms. This theory thereby offers agricultural cooperatives, which may have a large market share by reasons of the antitrust immunity provided by the Capper-Volstead Act, an argument to overcome allegations of a Sherman Act monopolization violation.