cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Solar furnaces or swamp coolers: costs and benefits of water use by solar-tracking flowers of the alpine snow buttercup, Ranunculus adoneus

Solar tracking or heliotropism simultaneously raises organ temperature and light interception. For leaves and flowers carbon gain is maximized at the expense of water loss. In this study I explore how costs and benefits associated with water use by solar-tracking flowers of the alpine snow buttercup, Ranunculus adoneus change with ambient temperature. First, I test whether heliotropism increases the water cost of reproduction in the snow buttercup under extant alpine conditions. I then explore whether water use for evaporative cooling in solar-tracking flowers reduces the risk of over-heating as temperatures increase. Solar tracking, by elevating floral temperature and irradiance causes a 29% increase in water uptake by flowers. Gas exchange measurements suggest that the extra water taken up by solar-tracking flowers is released through transpiration. Transpirational cooling in turn allows solar-tracking flowers to gain advantages of enhanced light interception and warmth while reducing the risk of over-heating. Transpiration reduces excess temperature in solar-tracking flowers, but at a water cost. Results show that even in cool alpine habitats, flower heliotropism has water costs to balance its reproductive advantages. Plants with solar-tracking flowers may tolerate hotter conditions if soil moisture is plentiful, but not under drought.
Situation Awareness in Anesthesiology

Situation awareness has primarily been confined to the aviation field. We believe that situation awareness is an equally important characteristic in the complex, dynamic, and risky field of anesthesiology. We describe three aspects of situations of which the decision maker must remain aware: subtle cues, evolving situations, and special knowledge elements. We provide examples of real or simulated anesthesia situations in which situation awareness is clearly involved in the provision of optimal patient care, and we map the elements of situation awareness onto a cognitive process model of the anesthesiologist. Finally, we consider how situation awareness can be further investigated and taught in this medical domain using anesthesia simulators and analyses of real cases. The study of situation awareness in anesthesiology may provide a good example of the wider application of the concept of situation awareness to nonaerospace environments.
Mechanism of Foaming on Polymer-Paperboard Composites

Foamed paperboard is a composite material with applications in the consumer products industry. The composite is comprised of paperboard sandwiched between two layers of polymers. One layer foams upon heating while the other acts as a barrier layer. Foaming is caused by the vaporization of the small amount of moisture present in the board and the resulting increase in pressure. The mechanism of foaming was investigated with a combination of high-speed photography, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared thermography using foamed paperboard of different compositions prepared both in the laboratory and on a commercial machine. The surface uniformity of the paper was found to be the overriding paper-related property controlling bubble formation. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Characterization of a Muscle-specific Enhancer in Human MuSK Promoter Reveals the Essential Role of Myogenin in Controlling Activity-dependent Gene Regulation

Neuromuscular synaptogenesis is initiated by the release of agrin from motor neurons and the activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase, MuSK, in the postsynaptic membrane. MuSK gene expression is regulated by nerve-derived agrin and muscle activity. Agrin stimulates synapse-specific MuSK gene expression by activating GABP(alphabeta) transcription factors in endplate-associated myonuclei. In contrast, the mechanism by which muscle activity regulates MuSK gene expression is not known. We report on a 60-bp MuSK enhancer that confers promoter regulation by muscle differentiation, changes in intracellular calcium, and muscle activity. Within this enhancer, we identified a single E-box that is essential for this regulation. This E-box binds myogenin, and we showed that myogenin is necessary for not only MuSK but also nAChR gene regulation by muscle activity. Surprisingly, the same E-box functions in vivo to mediate muscle-specific and differentiation-dependent gene induction in zebrafish, suggesting an evolutionary conserved mechanism of regulation of synaptic protein gene expression.
Hematocrit values in weight-selected and relaxed lines of White Rock chickens

Abstract Hematocrits (PCV) were measured at 29 and 106 d of age (PCV1 and PCV2, respectively) in male and female White Plymouth Rocks. Four lines were used, two of which had undergone 40 generations of divergent selection for 8-wk BW (HWS, LWS), and two respective sublines (HWR, LWR), in which selection had been relaxed for five generations. At both ages, males and females did not differ for PCV in lines HWR, LWR, and LWS. For line HWS there was an age by sex interaction that resulted from an age effect for males but not for females, and from a sex effect at each age. At both ages, PCV was higher for the HW than the LW lines. Initially, there was no difference between the selected and their respective relaxed lines, but by 106 d, HWR chickens had a higher PCV than HWS chickens. In lines HWR and LWR, PCV increased with age. There was a negative correlation in HWS males for PCV1 with 28 and 56 d BW. The HWR males also had a negative correlation for PCV1 with BW at 28 d, but not between PCV2 and BW. The correlation for PCV1 with PCV2 was high and positive for HWR males and females.
An automatic method to quantify mucosal waves via videokymography.

Objective/Hypothesis Vocal fold vibration is associated with four distinct vibratory patterns: those of the right-upper, right-lower, left-upper, and left-lower vocal fold lips. The purpose of this study was to propose a least squares method to quantify the vibratory properties of each of the four vocal fold lips via videokymography (VKG).
Effects of centrifugation, glycerol level, cooling to 5°C, freezing rate and thawing rate on the post-thaw motility of equine sperm

Five experiments evaluated the effects of processing, freezing and thawing techniques on post-thaw motility of equine sperm. Post-thaw motility was similar for sperm frozen using two cooling rates. Inclusion of 4% glycerol extender was superior to 2 or 6%. Thawing in 75 degrees C water for 7 sec was superior to thawing in 37 degrees C water for 30 sec. The best procedure for concentrating sperm, based on sperm motility, was diluting semen to 50 x 10(6) sperm/ml with a citrate-based centrifugation medium at 20 degrees C and centrifuging at 400 x g for 15 min. There was no difference in sperm motility between semen cooled slowly in extender with or without glycerol to 5 degrees C prior to freezing to -120 degrees C and semen cooled continuously from 20 degrees C to -120 degrees C. From these experiments, a new procedure for processing, freezing and thawing semen evolved. The new procedure involved dilution of semen to 50 x 10(6) sperm/ml in centrifugation medium and centrifugation at 400 x g for 15 min, resuspension of sperm in lactose-EDTA-egg yolk extender containing 4% glycerol, packaging in 0.5-ml polyvinyl chloride straws, freezing at 10 degrees C/min from 20 degrees C to -15 degrees C and 25 degrees C/min from -15 degrees C to -120 degrees C, storage at -196 degrees C, and thawing at 75 degrees C for 7 sec. Post-thaw motility of sperm averaged 34% for the new method as compared to 22% for the old method (P<0.01).
Sexuality, culture and society: shifting paradigms in sexuality research

Over the course of the past three decades, there has been a significant increase of research on the social and cultural dimensions of sexuality. This paper reviews three major phases in the development of this work. In the first phase, work focusing on the social construction of sexual experience developed an important critique of the biomedical and sexological approaches that had dominated the field over much of the twentieth century. In the second phase, increasingly detailed studies of sexual life were developed which highlighted the cross-cultural diversity of sexual cultures, sexual identities and sexual communities. In the most recent phase, there has been a growing recognition of the complex relationship between culture and power, and increasing attention to the political and economic dimensions of sexuality. In spite of the significant conceptual and methodological advances that have taken place over time, however, it is also possible to identify a number of important questions that have not yet been adequately addressed and that may have been precluded by some of the perspectives that have come to dominate the field. The paper ends by focusing on the silences and invisibilities that continue to characterize this field of research and the challenges that must still be confronted in seeking to expand our understanding of these issues.
Observation of magnetoacoustic geometric resonances for magnetic field at arbitrary direction

Oscillations have been observed in the magnetoacoustic attenuation of Sb for sound propagated along the binary axis, and the magnetic field in the binary-bisectrix plane and the binary-trigonal plane. The oscillations were of sinusoidal, rather than of resonant character, even for $q\ensuremath{\parallel}H$, and were therefore interpreted as geometric resonances. Expressions are given for the period as a function of angle, and the data were compared with the resulting theoretical curves. Of the eight effective mass parameters necessary to evaluate the theoretical expressions, all seven of the parameters measured in a previous Shubnikov-de Haas experiment were used, and the remaining parameter was taken from the present experiment. The resulting curves are in good agreement with the data. The reciprocal effective mass tensors have been re-evaluated by using the new parameter.
The liposuction apparatus "suspension device": hi-plane liposculpture.

Background The improvement of liposuction equipment and techniques has resulted in a cumbersome operating room array of aspirator hoses, irrigation/infiltration tubing, and the insulated command and control wiring of current ultrasonic or power liposuction devices. This situation is further complicated by the presence of a second surgeon, the concomitant use of additional traditional or ultrasonic cannulas, and the suction hose of a second aspirator. Objective To solve the problems of sterility and operating room organization, the authors describe a simple, releasable suspension design. Method This apparatus can be temporarily or permanently installed in minutes and is easily maintained to control numerous sterile hoses and wires required for certain liposuction procedures. Results This suspension method appeared to enhance the efficiency and ease of use by single and dual surgeons during cases utilizing ultrasonic and nonultrasonic cannulas. The time savings and ease of use was most noticeable in cases of dual surgeons using both ultrasonic and nonultrasonic systems simultaneously. In addition, surgical personnel were freed for other tasks. Single-surgeon, traditional liposuction was less notably facilitated in terms of speed and fewer personnel. However, wiring and tubing control is facilitated in any case. Conclusion A simple liposuction suspension system facilitates the liposuction procedure to varying degrees depending upon the number of surgeons and devices in simultaneous use.
Postmenopausal bleeding secondary to metastatic disease in the endocervix from carcinoma of the breast

A case of postmenopausal bleeding secondary to metastatic breast cancer in the endocervix is presented. This is the second reported case of cervical involvement from breast carcinoma.
Automation cueing modulates cerebral blood flow and vigilance in a simulated air traffic control task

Automation cueing of impending hazards or critical signals can have both beneficial and deleterious effects on the human operator, depending on automation reliability. To assess these effects, transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD), a low-cost non-invasive procedure that allows continuous monitoring of blood flow in the left and right cerebral hemispheres, was used to examine the influence of automation cues of varying reliability on vigilance performance in a 40-min simulated air traffic control task. Four levels of automation cue reliability (100, 80 and 40% reliable cueing and a no-cue control) were combined factorially with two levels of critical signal salience (high and low). For both levels of signal salience, the detection rate of critical signals was very high and remained stable over time with 100% cue-reliability, but declined over time in the remaining cue conditions, so that, by the end of the task, performance efficiency was best in the 100% condition followed in order by the 80%, 40%, and no...
Self-concept Clarity's Role in Self-Other Agreement and the Accuracy of Behavioral Prediction

The current set of studies investigated whether undergraduates with greater self-concept clarity also demonstrated greater accuracy based on self–other agreement and behavioral prediction. Study 1 demonstrated a positive association between self-concept clarity and target–informant agreement for a set of observable traits. Study 2 explored the association of self-concept clarity with target–informant agreement for the Big Five personality traits, a set of behaviors related to personality, and a set of everyday activities. Study 3 related self-concept clarity to a behavioral measure of accuracy by comparing participants' predicted and subsequent observed behavior on a laboratory task. As hypothesized, those with greater self-concept clarity showed greater self–other agreement on personality traits, behavioral descriptions of personality, and accuracy of predicted behavior.
OPCAB for Acute LAD Dissection Due to Blunt Chest Trauma

A 40-year-old male pedestrian was hit by a truck and was admitted with multiple injuries including blunt chest trauma. Electrocardiogram revealed acute anterior ST-segment elevation and myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography demonstrated acute ostial left anterior descending coronary artery dissection. Due to extent and location, the lesion was not amenable for angioplasty. Multiple associated injuries and severely impaired coagulation studies directed us to perform emergency off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.
Copper-catalyzed carbene insertion into O-H bonds: High selective conversion of alcohols into ethers

The complexes TpXCu (TpX = homoscorpionate ligands) efficiently catalyze the insertion of the carbene fragment :CHCO2Et, generated from ethyl diazoacetate, into the OH bond of saturated and unsatur...
Augmenting the exploration of digital libraries with web-based visualizations

Web-based digital libraries have sped up the process that scholars use to find new, important research papers. Unfortunately, current digital libraries are limited by their inadequate webpage-based paradigm, and it is easy for even the most experienced scholar to get lost. A paper and its immediate references are shown on a webpage, but it is not obvious where that paper belongs in the larger context of a field of research. The goal for our research was to develop and test the effectiveness of a web-based application, PaperCube, that was designed to augment a scholar's interaction with a digital library and explore bibliographic meta data using a defined set of visualizations. These visualizations needed to provide different levels of visibility into a paper's citation network without losing focus of the currently viewed paper. PaperCube was validated through a user study which showed that it was very useful when it comes to augmenting digital library search by reducing the “cognitive load” put on a scholar and aiding the “discoverability” of new research material.
On the photodecomposition of chlorophyll in vitro. II. Intermediates and breakdown products.

— The bleaching of chlorophyll solutions by light in the presence of oxygen can be interrupted, and red intermediates can be precipitated by the use of highly nonpolar solvents in appropriate solvent mixtures. The precipitates are more highly oxygenated but retain phytol and a N-Mg ratio of 4:1. The NMR spectra indicate that the methine bridge and vinyl protons have been lost. Methyl ethyl maleimide is a product of chromic acid oxidation of the red precipitates. It is also found in the supernatant solution and in the fully bleached end product.
Sexual Identity and Tobacco Use in a Venue-Based Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults

Background Tobacco use has been found to be more prevalent among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) adults than among the general population, but there is little information about LGBT youth. This study examined tobacco use in relation to sexual identity in a community venue-based sample of youth. Methods Time–space sampling was used to select individuals aged 13–24 years visiting venues frequented by both LGBT and non-LGBT youth, including drop-in and recreational centers, cafes, bars, and a park. ORs for the association between LGBT identity and tobacco use were estimated using logistic regression models with adjustment for demographic covariates and venue selection. The two main outcomes were lifetime and last-30-day cigarette smoking. Sixteen secondary outcomes pertained to the type, initiation, frequency, and quantity of tobacco use; symptoms of dependence; and cessation. Results Seventy-seven percent (500/653) of eligible participants completed surveys by interview in 2005–2006. Sixty-three percent smoked in the last 30 days, 22% smoked more than 30 days ago, and 17% reported no prior cigarette smoking. LGBT identity predicted any prior cigarette use (OR 2.2, 95% CI=1.7, 3.2), but not recent use. Compared to non-LGBT youth, LGBT participants were less likely to use smokeless tobacco (OR 0.6, 95% CI=0.5, 0.7) and to want to quit smoking cigarettes (OR 0.6, 95% CI=0.5, 0.8). Other tobacco-related attitudes and behaviors were similar. Conclusions Few meaningful differences in tobacco use were related to sexual identity. The remarkably high levels of cigarette smoking in the sample highlights the need for prevention and cessation resources.
Education from One Generation to the Next: Mechanisms of Mediation

The series of articles in this issue test conceptual models of the processes by which levels of educational attainment are passed from one generation to the next. Collectively, the investigations indicate that although proximal family processes mediate the relation between parent education and children's educational achievement, these processes may differ at different life phases. The studies point to the need to understand how and why these processes vary in different ethnic groups. One investigation considers the benefits accrued to children when mothers with low levels of education attend school. Because the parent-to-child educational attainment relation is strongest for parents with low levels of education, future work on cycle breaking would benefit from expanding mediational models into other systems in children's lives.
Sketching annotations in a 3D web environment

Collaborative design review is an important part of architectural design work. The Space Pen system supports annotation and drawing on (and inside) 3D VRML/Java models using a regular Web browser to exchange text and sketched annotations for review.
Coronary and systemic haemodynamic effects of bretylium in the intact unanaesthetized dog

Bretylium, 5 mg/kg, administered to anaesthetized dogs resulted in a sharp increase in coronary blood flow with a parallel increase in systemic arterial pressure. After depletion of endogenous catecholamines with reserpine, bretylium administration produced a significant increase in coronary vascular resistance and no increase in coronary blood flow.
Geomagnetic activity during the passage of the Earth through Halley's tail in 1910

The magnetic disturbance expected when the earth passed through the center of Comet Halley's tail in 1910 apparently occurred 12 hr too early. A detailed study of the records reveals that the discrepancy is due to a change in the convention for determining the start of the day. The magnetic disturbance did in fact arrive at the expected time and no unusual aberration of the solar wind need be invoked to explain the timing. The disturbance consisted of two troughs in the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field, separated by about 14 hr, presumably associated with wakes in the solar wind momentum flux on either side of the ion tail. The disturbance was independent of latitude, indicating that the responsible current system flowed far above the earth's surface. After the comet's passage the magnetosphere was left in a mildly disturbed condition, with a weak ring current present.
Reactions of Metastable Nitrogen Atoms

The line absorption technique was applied to the kinetic study of the two metastable atomic nitrogen states N (22D) and N (22P) in a flowing afterglow system. The optical absorptions of the NI 1493‐A (2p32D−3s2P) and 1743‐A (2p32D−3s2P) transitions were used for the quantitative measurement of N (22D) and N (22P) concentrations. Deactivation of N (2D) and N (2P) by the Pyrex tube wall was found to be very efficient, i.e., occurs at nearly every collision. The second‐order rate constants at 300°K for the removal of N (2D) by O2, N2O, CO2, NO, N2, Ar, and He were found to be (6±2)×10−12, (3.5±1.2)×10−12, (5±2)×10−13, (7±2.5)×10−11, (1.6±0.7)×10−14, (1±0.6)×10−16, and ≤ 1.6×10−16 cm3 sec−1, respectively. It was established that the process for the first three reactant gases results in chemical reaction rather than physical quenching.
Evaluation of inlets used for the airborne measurement of formaldehyde

[1] The performance of three aircraft inlets used for sampling gas-phase formaldehyde (CH2O) was evaluated. These 1.5 m long inlets were operated with the National Center for Atmospheric Research Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer (TDLAS) at flow rates between 7 and 9 standard liters per minute. Laboratory tests were performed on the 1997 North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE 97) TDLAS inlet, involving a wide range of sample temperatures (−40° to 25°C), pressures (250–625 torr), relative humidities (<1 to 85%), and CH2O concentrations (0–25 ppbv). Standard additions on ambient air were performed in the field with another inlet. Sampling artifacts were not observed in either case at CH2O levels less than about 10 ppbv to within the measurement precision (25–120 parts per trillion by volume (1 min, 1σ)) and/or accuracy of standard generation (±6%). Desorption associated with the Herriott Cell was measured under highly polluted conditions, and was largely corrected for by subtracting a frequently acquired instrument background. Inlet shielding and heating minimized error due to liquid water collection. Common inlet materials such as PFA Teflon and silica-coated steel efficiently transmitted CH2O.
Transition metal ion complexes of 2-acetylpyridine N-oxide

Abstract Transition metal ion complexes of 2-acetylpyridine N-oxide having the general formula [ML6](ClO4)3 (M = Cr(III), Fe(III)) and [ML5](ClO4)2 (M = Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II)) have been prepared and characterized. The divalent metal ion complexes may involve one bidentate ligand although this is not clearly shown by the IR studies. There is no evidence for inclusion of perchlorate ion in the coordination sphere of any of the complexes. Crystal field parameters are calculated for the Cr(III), Co(II) and Ni(II) examples based on an octahedral symmetry from solid state spectra. Optical electronegativity calculations indicate that charge transfer bands are ligand to metal for Cr(III) and Fe(III), but metal-ligand for complexes involving the divalent metal ions.
Retailing strategy for customer growth and new customer attraction

Abstract The image that current and potential customers have of a retail store affects the magnitude of patronage at that store. In attempting to increase store patronage, management of a retail store must look to people who already are customers, as well as to people who are not current customers. The appropriate strategy depends upon the dimensions used by people in their evaluation of the store. The hypothesis is tested that the strategy used for gaining increased patronage from customers may have to differ from that used to gain patronage from noncustomers. Field survey techniques were used to collect data from 225 adult females. Respondents evaluated three large retail department stores, which were believed to have distinct images in the minds of female shoppers, on the basis of a set of 12 semantic scales that represented various store attributes. Each respondent indicated frequency of shopping at each store. The data were analyzed by two different multiple discriminant analyses. For the customer growth strategy, the semantic scale measures were used to develop a discriminant model for each store to determine which attributes would be the best predictors of shopping frequency. The analysis relevant to the strategy of new customer attraction differed. First, shoppers were classified as loyal to one store on the basis of their rates of shopping at each store. Second, the 36 attribute measurements (12 scales for 3 stores) were factor analyzed, and three factors were extracted. Those attributes which loaded highest on each of the factors for each store were used as predictor variables in the discriminant analysis. The results of this study indicate that different marketing strategies may be required for increasing sales to existing customers and attracting new customers. In addition, consumers do not necessarily differentiate similar type retail stores on the same dimension.
Specifying and checking component usage

One of today's challenges is producing reliable software in the face of an increasing number of interacting components. Our system CHET lets developers define specifications describing how a component should be used and checks these specifications in real Java systems. Unlike previous systems, CHET is able to check a wide range of complex conditions in large software systems without programmer intervention. This paper explores the specification techniques that are used in CHET and how they are able handle the types of specifications needed to accurately model and automatically identify component checks.
Self-Conscious Emotions in Response to Perceived Failure: A Structural Equation Model

This study explored the occurrence of self-concsious emotions in response to perceived academic failure among 4th-grade students from the United States and Bulgaria, and the author investigated potential contributors to such negative emotional experiences. Results from structural equation modeling indicated that regardless of country, negative affectivity—as an individual predisposition to experience highly negative emotions—predicted self-conscious emotions toward academic failure. However, culture appeared to condition the relative importance of some family process variables in children's experiences of self-consious emotions. Bulgarian children's emotional experiences were amplified by the negative valence of their parents’ evaluative feedback in the aftermath of academic failure. In contrast, U.S. children's perceptions of failure appeared to be less influenced by their parents’ judgments. The findings of the study are interpreted in the light of cultural differences.
Proteomic analysis of protein-protein interactions within the Cysteine Sulfinate Desulfinase Fe-S cluster biogenesis system.

Fe−S cluster biogenesis is of interest to many fields, including bioenergetics and gene regulation. The CSD system is one of three Fe−S cluster biogenesis systems in E. coli and is comprised of the...
Livestock emissions regulation with unknown damages and strategic technology adoption

Livestock emissions have been identified as a contributor to greenhouse gas build-up yet have remained unregulated in the US. A game-theoretic model in the style of Tarui and Polasky (2005) was analysed where the dairy industry strategically chooses to abate air emissions with technology adoption and herd size decisions while a regulator chooses a tax rate on emissions to satisfy the desires of competing interest groups. This model allows the effects of potential air emission regulation on the dairy industry to be evaluated. Results demonstrate that dairy farms react to the increased cost of air regulation by decreasing herd size rather than investing in air emission abatement technology in the short run. This suggests that incentives may need to be put in place to induce adoption in emissions abatement technology at the livestock level in the long run.
Benchmark tests on the Digital Equipment Corporation Alpha AXP 21164-based AlphaServer 8400, including a comparison of optimized vector and superscalar processing

The second generation of the Digital Equipment Corp. (DEC) DECchip Alpha AXP microprocessor is referred to as the 21164. From the viewpoint of numerically-intensive computing, the primary difference between it and its predecessor, the 21064, is that the 21164 has twice the multiply/add throughput per clock period (CP), a maximum of two floating point operations (FLOPS) per CP vs. one for 21064. The AlphaServer 8400 is a shared-memory multiprocessor server system that can accommodate up to 12 CPUs and up to 14 GB of memory. In this report we will compare single processor performance of the 8400 system with that of the International Business Machines Corp. (IBM) RISC System/6000 POWER-2 microprocessor running at 66 MHz, the Silicon Graphics, Inc. (SGI) MIPS R8000 microprocessor running at 75 MHz, and the Cray Research, Inc. CRAY J90. The performance comparison is based on a set of Fortran benchmark codes that represent a portion of the Los Alamos National Laboratory supercomputer workload. The advantage of using these codes, is that the codes also span a wide range of computational characteristics, such as vectorizability, problem size, and memory access pattern. The primary disadvantage of using them is that detailed, quantitative analysis of performance behavior of all codes on all machines is difficult. One important addition to the benchmark set appears for the first time in this report. Whereas the older version was written for a vector processor, the newer version is more optimized for microprocessor architectures. Therefore, we have for the first time, an opportunity to measure performance on a single application using implementations that expose the respective strengths of vector and superscalar architecture. All results in this report are from single processors. A subsequent article will explore shared-memory multiprocessing performance of the 8400 system.
Uncertainty Propagation in a Supply Chain / Network With Uncertain Facility Performance

Decentralized production systems in supply chains / networks makes them more profitable and agile than traditional enterprises with centralized production systems. However, this decentralization makes supply chains / networks more vulnerable respect to uncertainties which are unavoidable. Today’s supply chains / networks producing and supplying their products to markets are characterized by uncertain demands (called demand-side uncertainty) and uncertainties associated with the performances of their constituent production facilities (called supply-side uncertainty). Supply-side uncertainty is due to the fact that there is not any perfect production system. Sparse literature of supply-side uncertainty management in supply chains / networks is only restricted to supply chains / networks with single-echelon supply processes. However most of the real case supply chains / networks have longer production processes involving suppliers of suppliers, suppliers, component manufacturers, assemblers, etc. In this paper we fill this gap of the literature by considering a supply chain/network with multi-echelon supply process including unreliable production facilities working in markets with uncertain demands. We show that in such a complex production process in addition to investigating the local effects of the uncertainties in the performances of their corresponding facilities, it is necessary to consider their global and cumulative effect on the performance of the entire supply chain/networks by following the propagation of these uncertainties in the flow of the material and product. Not only we introduce and describe the salient features of uncertainty propagation phenomenon in supply chains/networks, but also we demonstrate its quantification approach. Finally we propose mathematical models and solution approaches that can provide robust production plans for the supply chain/network that are protected against all demand and supply side uncertainties and their propagated effects. Performances of the proposed models and solution approaches are tested with test problems and a real case problem from automotive industry.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Low Morbidity and Mortality for Bronchoplastic Procedures With and Without Induction Therapy

Background The safety of bronchoplastic procedures after induction chemoradiotherapy is uncertain. This study examines short- and long-term outcomes after bronchoplastic procedures with and without induction therapy. Methods Between January 1997 and September 2004, more than 1,300 anatomic pulmonary resections for cancer were performed at a single institution. Of these, 73 patients required either sleeve lobectomy (57) or bronchoplasty (16), and were retrospectively analyzed. Nineteen patients (26%) received induction therapy; 15 received chemotherapy and radiation therapy and 4 received chemotherapy alone. Fifty-four patients underwent the bronchoplastic procedure without induction therapy. Mortality and early and late morbidity were analyzed. Results Mean follow-up was 25 months. Histology was nonsmall cell cancer in 62 (85%), carcinoid in 8 (11%), and renal cell cancer, schwannoma, and mucoepidermoid cancer in 1 patient each. There were 2 (2.7%) 30-day deaths, both in the group not receiving induction therapy. Of the surviving 71 patients, 70 had functional reconstructions at last follow-up. The overall 30-day complication rate was 30% (19 of 54) in patients not receiving induction therapy (no bronchopleural fistulas) and 42% (8 of 19) occurring in those receiving induction therapy (1 bronchopleural fistula). The long-term complication rate was 20% (11 of 54) among patients not receiving induction therapy and 5% (1 of 19) among those receiving induction therapy (completion pneumonectomy). There were no bronchovascular complications. Interventional bronchoscopy was required in 7 patients not receiving induction therapy, and was required in none of the patients receiving induction therapy. Conclusions Anatomic pulmonary resections utilizing bronchoplastic techniques can be performed with low morbidity and mortality rates even after induction therapy.
Space Infrared Telescope Facility cryogenic and optical technology

SIRTF will require new liquid helium cryogenics and optical technology at liquid helium temperatures to meet the scientific requirements. In particular, it will require a helium cryogenic system operating at 1.25 K with a lifetime of five years. The optical system will require a 1-m mirror operating at 2 K, which is diffraction limited at 3 microns. This paper describes the advances which will be needed and the approaches to be taken.
Engaging Technologies: A Comparative Study of U.S. and Venezuelan Strategies of Influence and Public Diplomacy

Nation-state efforts to account for the shift in the global communication environment, such as “public diplomacy 2.0,” appear to reflect inter-related transformations – how information and communication technologies (ICTs) change the instruments of statecraft and, importantly, how communication interventions serve as strategically significant foreign policy objectives in their own right. This paper examines two cases of foreign policy rhetoric that reveal ways in which the social and political role of ICTs is articulated as part of international influence objectives: the case of “public diplomacy 2.0” programs in the United States and Venezuela’s Telesur international broadcasting effort. These provide evidence of the increasing centrality of ICTs to policy concerns and demonstrate how policy makers translate contextualized ideas of communication effects and mediated politics into practical formulations.
Spontaneous Resolution of Mirror Syndrome following Demise of Hydropic Twin

Maternal mirror syndrome is a rare consequence of fetal hydrops. By convention, delivery is recommended in pregnancies complicated by mirror syndrome due to grave fetal prognosis. We describe a case of a dichorionic, diamniotic twin gestation complicated by hydrops fetalis of twin B. The patient declined selective feticide. Two weeks later, intrauterine fetal demise of fetus B was diagnosed and complete resolution of mirror syndrome followed. Unaddressed, mirror syndrome can lead to significant maternal and fetal complications. This case illustrates resolution of mirror syndrome following spontaneous intrauterine demise of the hydropic fetus.
SUCCESSFUL OUTCOMES IN PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA SURGERY IN THE MODERN ERA

AbstractPurpose: We describe our experience with surgical management, complications and treatment outcome of histologically confirmed pheochromocytoma.Materials and Methods: The records of 113 patients who underwent surgical excision of pheochromocytoma were reviewed and assessed for preoperative medical treatment, intraoperative findings, postoperative hospitalization and complications.Results: There were no surgical mortalities. Average length of stay in the intensive care unit was 1.2 days. There were only 6 major cardiovascular complications all of which occurred in patients who received preoperative medications, including 5 with alpha blockade. Patients receiving no preoperative alpha blockade required an average of 956 cc less in total intraoperative fluids, which approached statistical significance, and 479 cc less fluids on postoperative day 1, which was statistically significant.Conclusions: Preoperative alpha-adrenergic blockade is not essential in pheochromocytoma patients. Calcium channel bloc...
A spectral independent approach for physiological and geometric based face recognition in the visible, middle-wave and long-wave infrared bands

The difficulty of face recognition (FR) systems to operate efficiently in diverse operational environments, e.g. day and night time, is aided by employing sensors covering different spectral bands (i.e. visible and infrared). Biometric practitioners have identified a framework of band-specific algorithms, which can contribute to both assessment and intervention. While these motions are proven to achieve improvement of identification performance, they traditionally result in solutions that typically fail to work efficiently across multiple spectrums. In this work, we designed and developed an efficient, fully automated, direct matching-based FR approach, that is designed to operate efficiently when face data is captured using either visible or passive infrared (IR) sensors. Thus, it can be applied in both daytime and nighttime environments. First, input face images are geometrically normalized using our pre-processing pipeline prior to feature-extraction. Then, face-based features including wrinkles, veins, as well as edges of facial characteristics, are detected and extracted for each operational band (visible, MWIR, and LWIR). Finally, global and local face-based matching is applied, before fusion is performed at the score level. Our approach achieves a rank-1 identification rate of at least 99.43%, regardless of the spectrum of operation. This suggests that our approach results in better performance than other tested standard commercial and academic face-based matchers, on all spectral bands used. Display Omitted Propose new automated tri-spectral (visible, MWIR and LWIR) FR approachDesign experiments to quantitatively measure benefits of global vs. local matchersEvaluation of global vs. local based matchers when fused at the score levelAchieve rank-1 identification rate of at least 99.43% per spectrum of operation
Dynamic-Model-Based Seasonal Prediction of Meteorological Drought over the Contiguous United States

AbstractA simple method was developed to forecast 3- and 6-month standardized precipitation indices (SPIs) for the prediction of meteorological drought over the contiguous United States based on precipitation seasonal forecasts from the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFS). Before predicting SPI, the precipitation (P) forecasts from the coarse-resolution CFS global model were bias corrected and downscaled to a regional grid of 50 km. The downscaled CFS P forecasts, out to 9 months, were appended to the P analyses to form an extended P dataset. The SPIs were calculated from this new time series. Five downscaling methods were tested: 1) bilinear interpolation; 2) a bias correction and spatial downscaling (BCSD) method based on the probability distribution functions; 3) a conditional probability estimation approach using the mean P ensemble forecasts developed by J. Schaake, 4) a Bayesian approach that bias corrects and downscales P using all ensemble forecast members, as developed by the Princeton University ...
INDUCTIVE RISK AND JUSTICE IN KIDNEY ALLOCATION

How should UNOS deal with the presence of scientific controversies on the risk factors for organ rejection when designing its allocation policies? The answer I defend in this paper is that the more undesirable the consequences of making a mistake in accepting a scientific hypothesis, the higher the degree of confirmation required for its acceptance. I argue that the application of this principle should lead to the rejection of the hypothesis that 'less than perfect' Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) matches are an important determinant of kidney graft survival. The scientific community has been divided all along on the significance of partial antigen matches. Yet reliance on partial matches has emerged as one of the primary factors leading blacks to spend a much longer time than whites on the waiting list for kidneys, thereby potentially impacting the justice of the kidney allocation policy. My case study illustrates one of the legitimate roles non-epistemic values can play in science and calls into question the ideal of a value-free science.
Analysis of Uncertainty in Flood Plain Mapping

: Components contributing to uncertainty in the location of the flood plain fringe of a mapped flood plain are identified and examined to determine their relative importance. First-order uncertainty analysis is used to provide a procedure for quantifying the magnitude of uncertainty in the location of the flood plain fringe. Application of the procedure indicated that one standard deviation of uncertainty in flood plain inundation width was about one third of the mean computed inundation width for several flood population-flood geometry combinations. Suggested mapping criteria, which directly incorporate uncertainty estimates, are given. While these criteria are more suitable for use in developing areas than in flood plains that have had extensive development, the analysis procedure can be used to accommodate property owners who challenge the validity of estimated flood fringe boundaries. Use of uncertainty analysis in flood plain mapping should enhance the credibility of the final plan.
Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Infectious Mononucleosis Complicated by Acute Renal Failure: Case Report and Review

Infectious mononucleosis, most commonly caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is generally a benign, self-limited illness. Occasionally, however, more severe complications may arise such as acute renal insufficiency. While subclinical renal involvement appears to be relatively common in patients with infectious mononucleosis, patients with significant renal parenchymal dysfunction have rarely been described in the English-language literature. In this report, we review 27 previous cases ad present a case of oliguric renal failure complicating heterophil-positive infectious mononucleosis. The patient required hemodialysis but recovered promptly with treatment with the combination of corticosteroids plus acyclovir. Renal biopsy revealed interstitial nephritis, and immunoperoxidase studies demonstrated a predominance of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells, which has been described in only one previous case report. In situ hybridization done on renal biopsy tissue failed to reveal evidence of EBV-encoded RNA-1. Acute renal failure in infectious mononucleosis is rare, often self-limited, and usually caused by interstitial nephritis that is likely the result of immunopathologic injury precipitated by EBV infection.
Teaching a Geographical Component in World History Curriculum.

This article is devoted to the topic of teaching a geographical component in World History curriculum in American public high schools. Despite the fact that the federal legislation entitled “No Child Left Behind” (2001) declared geography as a "core" academic subject, geography was the only subject dropped from federal funding. As a result, geography as a separate subject in the majority of public schools around the country ceased to exist. California, New Mexico, and Rhode Island have adopted state standards of combined course of World History and Geography. However, a small geography segment included within the World History course has not been sufficient to provide students with a satisfactory level of geographical literacy. American students show their lack of geographical knowledge in one study after another even though the 21 st century is an era of globalization and increasing international relationship. The geopolitical approach to teaching the World History course promoted in this paper can improve the situation significantly in a relatively short period of time. This geopolitical approach stresses the connection between history and geography. It involves an analysis of a county’s economy, culture, domestic and foreign policies as directly connected to its geography. This approach improves students’ analytical thinking and conceptual understanding.
Hydraulic Modeling Study for Rio Grande Diversion Structure at Albuquerque

Hydraulic model tests of flow properties of diversion structure gates are presented for the proposed diversion structure on the Rio Grande at Albuquerque, New Mexico. The Rio Grande diversion structure is composed of independently controlled adjustable height gates across the channel, a fish passage through the diversion structure, and an intake channel for 3.7 m 3 /s of maximum river diversion. A 1:24 scale distorted movable bed hydraulic physical model was constructed at the Water Resources Research Laboratory of U.S. Bureau of Reclamation in Denver, Colorado. The hydraulic performances of the diversion structure that were tested include the gates operation over various flow rates, flow transitions and sediment exclusions at the intake channel. Two-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model was built to simulate the flow properties around the diversion structure. Velocity vector computations around the intake structure and the diversion gate openings are compared with the physical test measurements. The numerical model shows very good agreements with the physical model measurements.
Acanthocephala from Japan1

There are no published records of the occurrence of Acanthocephala in the vertebrates of Japan. Professor Seitaro Goto has very kindly sent me a small collection of these worms for identification. While the collection is not extensive, it seems worth while to publish the results of the investigation, especially since there are several new species and a considerable amount of new biological data. In the ten vials of materials contained in this consignment, but seven host species are represented. Four of these are amphibians, two are fishes, and one is a whale. The parasites which these harboured include four new species of the genus Acanthocephalus , a previously undescribed member of the genus Arhythmorhynchus , a species of the genus Echinorhynchus and one unidentified species each in the genera Bolbosoma and Centrorhynchus .