cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is #cleaneating a healthy or harmful dietary strategy? Perceptions of clean eating and associations with disordered eating among young adults.

Although “clean eating” is widely propagated through social media and anecdotal reports in the popular press, there is almost no scientific research on this potentially risky dietary strategy. The current investigation explored definitions and perceptions of “clean eating” and its associations with indicators of disordered eating among diverse U.S.-based undergraduates. Undergraduates (N = 148, Mage = 19.41 years, 70.3% women) were asked to define “clean eating” via an open-ended question and then read vignettes featuring five “clean” diets, all of which caused mild functional impairment across multiple domains. Participants rated the extent to which they believed the diet was 1) “healthy,” 2) reflective of “clean eating,” and 3) likely to be adopted by them. Finally, participants completed questionnaires to assess body appearance evaluation, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, eating disorder symptoms, and symptoms of orthorexia nervosa. Open-ended responses indicated that participants defined “clean eating” in varied but overwhelmingly positive terms. Repeated measures ANOVAs indicated that the “meal substitution” vignette was perceived as the least healthy, least “clean,” and least likely to be adopted, whereas the “new” (balanced) diet vignette was rated the highest on these domains. Correlations among diet perceptions and indicators of disordered eating were positive and significant. “Clean eating” is likely a heterogeneous phenomenon that is viewed favorably by U.S.-based college students even when it is linked with functional impairment and emotional distress. Ongoing examination of “clean eating” could clarify the potential benefits and risks posed by this dietary strategy and thus inform eating disorder prevention efforts.
Latest Results from Proto-MPEX and the Future Plans for MPEX

AbstractThe Prototype Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (Proto-MPEX) is being used to qualify the plasma source and heating systems for the Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (MPEX). The MPEX wi...
A New and More Powerfully Activating Diamine for Practical and Scalable Enantioselective Aldehyde Crotylsilylation.

A convenient one-pot protocol employing an optically active diaminophenol activator ligand for the diastereo- and enantioselective allylation and crotylation of aldehydes is developed.
Allocation of Driver Attention for Varying In-Vehicle System Modalities.

ObjectiveThis paper examines drivers’ allocation of attention using response time to a tactile detection response task (TDRT) while interacting with an in-vehicle information system (IVIS) over tim...
CSI Feedback Overhead Reduction for 5G Massive MIMO Systems

Enhancing the throughput of multi-user (MU) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) networks is one of the biggest promises that the fifth generation (5G) networks are expected to deliver. In the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) New Radio (NR) standardization efforts, downlink precoding designs that balance performance and uplink feedback overhead are being investigated. Most recently, a high-resolution precoder (Type-II codebook) was specified for downlink NR Release (Rel.) 15 wherein the channel state information (CSI) feedback is compressed in the spatial domain via exploiting a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)-based codebook structure. An extension of the Type-II codebook for NR Rel. 16 which also exploits frequency correlation to reduce CSI feedback overhead is currently under study. In this paper, an overview of some of the recent developments for Rel. 16 Type-II codebook is provided. In addition, a practical approach is proposed that uses multi-stage quantization of codebook parameters with variable quantization resolution, where the resolution is proportional to the coefficients' amplitude values. This approach helps provide better utilization of the CSI feedback, compared with the case with the same quantization resolution for all coefficients. System-level simulation results are provided which show that the proposed approach significantly reduces the CSI feedback overhead without notable impact on performance.
Stress and the Home Environment in Caregivers of Children with Sickle Cell

Objective Caregivers of young children with chronic illnesses are at high risk for elevated levels of stress and mental health symptoms. This study examined stress and mental health symptoms as well as the socioeconomic status (SES) and home environments of a cohort of caregivers of infants and toddlers with sickle cell disease (SCD). Methods Forty-two caregivers of infants and toddlers (aged 1-34 months) with SCD completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and Parent Stress Index (PSI). The Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) was used to assess family living environments. Results Compared to test norms, caregivers reported high levels of situational/demographic life stress [mean difference (MD) 5.7, p = .003] and child distractibility/hyperactivity (MD 3.62, p = .001) on the PSI. However, no significant differences in psychological symptoms of distress were noted on the BSI. Caregivers scored significantly lower than norms on PSI subdomains of acceptability (MD -1.88, p = .03), competence (MD -3.11, p = .002), depression (MD -3.94, p Conclusion Caregivers of infants and toddlers with SCD experience elevated levels of life stress but, in turn, endorse high acceptance of their child and self-competence in parenting. Although life stress may be high in this population, symptoms of psychological distress were not identified. Caregivers reporting elevated life and illness-specific stressors may benefit from environmental supports and interventions.
The Income Tax as Insurance: The Casualty Loss and Medical Expense Deductions and the Exclusion of Medical Insurance Premiums

Whether personal income tax deductions are appropriate refinements to the concept of income or are unwarranted tax expenditures continues to be the subject of debate. The casualty loss and medical expense deductions are frequently justified on the ground that largely unavoidable losses or expenditures reduce one's ability to pay taxes. This Article reconsiders the question, taking into account the availability of private insurance, which is widespread for relevant losses in both areas. The author argues that when individuals can insure, the second level of insurance implicit in the casualty loss and medical expense deductions has undesirable effects on consumption choices and insurance decisions. In particular, individuals may be more exposed to losses because of tax deductions commonly believed to mitigate them. He concludes that, given the option, individuals would prefer a regime that eliminated the deductions and offered correspondingly lower tax rates.
Intersection of Bias, Structural Racism, and Social Determinants With Health Care Inequities.

* Abbreviation: SDoH — : social determinant of health Race, and more specifically, racism, is recognized as an important social determinant of health (SDoH) and a key driver of health inequities.1–3 The study “Race, Postoperative Complications, and Death in Apparently Healthy Children” in this issue of Pediatrics provides new evidence of race as a critical social determinant of surgical outcomes.4 The investigators demonstrate that apparently healthy Black children had a higher risk of postoperative mortality, complications, and serious adverse events than their white counterparts. Identifying these disparities using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program pediatric database highlights the importance of health care practices to more deliberately consider equity in their quality improvement portfolios. The analyses were done among children with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1 (normal healthy patients) or 2 (patients with mild systemic disease, such as mild asthma). By excluding children with significant comorbidities, this study helps advance knowledge beyond most previous pediatric disparities research focused on identifying disparities by exploring potential root causes. The findings suggest that, although preoperative comorbidities have previously been proposed as a factor contributing to postoperative disparities, they do not explain the results in the current study. Implicit racial bias has been proposed as another potential source of health care … Address correspondence to Tiffani J. Johnson, MD, MSc, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis, 4150 V St, Suite 2100, Sacramento, CA 95817. E-mail: tjo{at}ucdavis.edu
We’re all television stars in a pandemic

This article responds to James Bennett and Su Holmes’s essay ‘The “Place” of Television in Celebrity Studies’ from the inaugural issue of Celebrity Studies, reflecting on developments in the field ...
Joint modelling of longitudinal lipids and time to coronary heart disease in the Jackson Heart Study.

Multiple longitudinal responses together with time-to-event outcome are common in biomedical studies. There are several instances where the longitudinal responses are correlated with each other and at the same time each longitudinal response is associated with the survival outcome. The main purpose of this study is to present and explore a joint modeling approach for multiple correlated longitudinal responses and a survival outcome. The method will be illustrated using the Jackson Heart Study (JHS), which is one of the largest cardiovascular studies among African Americans. Four longitudinal responses, i.e., total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and inflammation measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP); and time-to-coronary heart disease (CHD) were considered from the JHS. The repeated lipid and hsCRP measurements from a given subject overtime are likely correlated with each other and could influence the subject’s risk for CHD. A joint modeling framework is considered. To deal with the high dimensionality due to the multiple longitudinal profiles, we use a pairwise bivariate model fitting approach that was developed in the context of multivariate Gaussian random effects models. The method is further explored through simulations. The proposed model performed well in terms of bias and relative efficiency. The JHS data analysis showed that lipid and hsCRP trajectories could exhibit interdependence in their joint evolution and have impact on CHD risk. We applied a unified and flexible joint modeling approach to analyze multiple correlated longitudinal responses and survival outcome. The method accounts for the correlation among the longitudinal responses as well as the association between each longitudinal response and the survival outcome at once. This helps to explore how the combination of multiple longitudinal trajectories could be related to the survival process.
Behavioral thermoregulation in the fasted C57BL/6 mouse.

Abstract Under relatively cool ambient temperatures and a caloric deficit, mice will undergo daily torpor – a short-term regulated reduction in metabolic rate with a concomitant drop in body temperature. Mice can alternatively achieve metabolic savings by utilizing behavioral changes, such as seeking a warmer environment. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the behavioral interaction between torpor utilization and thermotaxis. That is, if a fasted mouse is faced with a choice between a warm environment not conducive for torpor, and a cool environment that will induce torpor, which scenario will the fasting mouse choose? Here, the temperature preferences of fasted mice were studied using a temperature gradient device that allows a mouse to freely move along a gradient of temperatures. C57BL/6 mice were implanted with temperature telemeters that recorded location, core temperature (Tb), and activity concurrently over a 23-h period in the thermal gradient. When the gradient was on, mice preferred the warm end of the gradient when fed (71 ± 4% of the time) and even more so when fasted (84 ± 2%). When the gradient was on, the fasted minimum Tb was significantly higher (34.4 ± 0.3 °C) than when the gradient was off (27.7 ± 1.6 °C). Further, fasted mice lost significantly more weight when the gradient was off despite maintenance of a metabolically favorable lower minimum Tb in this condition. These results indicate that fasted mice not only prefer warm ambient temperatures when given the choice, but that it is also the pathway with more favorable metabolic outcomes in a period of reduced caloric intake.
Sustainable Travel and Leisure

People around the world have more leisure time and thus there is a growing impact on our planet from travel and leisure activities. In the last several decades, a number of green initiatives have emerged that consumers can utilize. One of these is local tourism. We often seek out the exotic as an escape without taking the time to deeply understand our local region. However, if we do travel, there are a range of options including green tours, green cruising, green hotels, and sustainably managed golf courses. Ecotourism, adventure tourism, and volunteer tourism can provide distinctly more environmentally focused experiences. Simple, hard and/or expensive, and innovative and/or life-changing approaches to greening your travel and vacations are presented.
A kinetic analysis of the aflatoxin detoxification potential of lactic acid bacteria in Terxine (a cereal-based food).

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a hazardous component that can seriously threaten the public health. Terxine is a component used in traditional soup and found in the western mountainous regions of Iran. Several microorganisms have been reported to bind or degrade aflatoxins (AFs) in foods and feeds. This research aimed to investigate the effect of Terxine fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum strains AF1 and LU5 on AFB1. Fermentation was carried out, and pH, lactic acid, and AFB1 amount and microbial count were further determined. In addition, the kinetic experimental data of AFB1 by Lactobacillus plantarum AF1 and LU5 (obtained at 37°C) were fitted to the zero-order, first-order, and parabolic diffusion models. According to the coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square of errors (RMSE), the zero-order model best described aflatoxin (AF) degradation. The growth of Lactobacillus strains was increased by the rise in the fermentation time; in this regard, the number of L. plantarum AF1 increased from 4.2 to 5.1 log cfu/g and that of L. plantarum LU5 increased from 4.1 to 5.2 log cfu/g in the first 8 h, reaching 7.2 and 7.4 log cfu/g in the next 8 h, respectively. The results also showed that the amount of lactic acid increased whereas the pH value decreased during the 24 h fermentation. Both microorganisms reduced the amount of AFB1 while L. plantarum AF1 was more effective. Therefore, Lactobacillus plantarum strains AF1 and LU5 can be effectively used to reduce AFB1 in fermented foods.
Mariana de Oliva, criada india de Santa Rosa de Lima: vida y textos

This article studies Saint Rose of Lima’s canonization texts prepared in that city between the years 1617-1618 and 1630-1632, as well as her first hagiographies published in the seventeenth century in Europe. The study compares diverse testimonies, narrations, information and their variants to reconstruct the participation of the domestic servant, Mariana de Oliva, a Spanish-speaking Indian or ladina, in Rose’s life and in the production of her sainthood, understood as a textual phenomenon and as the manifestation of a multiethnic urban culture.
Associations Between Adolescents' Daily Digital Technology Use and Sleep.

Abstract Purpose Although studies have found associations between greater digital technology use and poorer sleep health among adolescents, these studies typically rely on self-reported sleep and cross-sectional designs. This study applied an ecological momentary assessment design to examine how adolescents’ daily digital technology use relates to self-reported sleep and wearable-recorded sleep duration. Methods A socioeconomically and ethnically diverse sample of 388 adolescents completed daily surveys of their digital technology use (i.e., messages sent, time for academics, time for leisure) and sleep for 2 weeks. Sleep duration was recorded through wearable devices among a subsample of 254 adolescents for an average of 3.4 days. Results Adolescents who reported spending more time using digital technology for nonacademic purposes than their peers reported both shorter self-reported sleep duration and later bedtime (between-person associations). Adolescents who sent more messages than their peers also had shorter sleep duration as recorded by wearable devices. In contrast, few associations were observed when comparisons were made within-individuals with adolescents used as their own controls. Conclusions Consistent with prior research, adolescents who reported greater nonacademic daily digital technology use relative to their peers exhibited worse sleep outcomes as measured via self-reports and wearable devices. However, associations with sleep outcomes were weak and inconsistent when adolescents were used as their own controls. Future research should continue to explore between- and within-person associations between digital technology use and sleep to understand potential key differences.
Vibration based pump health monitoring

Hydraulic pump wear reduces machine performance, causes secondary damage, and may be a precursor for catastrophic failure. A noninvasive diagnostic that can determine the level of pump wear while the pump is on the machine would reduce the costs of owning and operating a hydraulic system. Wear that changes the vibration characteristics of the pump can be observed with an accelerometer attached to the pump's case. A series of tests were performed and diagnostic algorithms were developed. Prediction accuracy as high as 97.9% in classifying pumps as having above or below 10% flow loss was achieved.
Customer-Oriented E-Government

Abstract E-govemment's next phase-a seamless, customer-oriented Web presence-faces more formidable barriers to development than did earlier advances. Progress toward customer-focused e-government requires fundamental organizational changes to existing bureaucracies, so that the government's Web presence can be comprehensive, efficient, and easy for citizens to use. To compel individual “stovepipe” agencies to develop a combined Web presence, chief information officers must be able to focus political and bureaucratic resources on making government websites truly customer-centric. The rewards for success in this next stage of e-government are significantnot only will it benefit citizens directly, but integrated e-government can also make offline government more efficient and effective.
Cyclicity of Lusztig's stratification of Grassmannians and Poisson geometry

We prove that the standard Poisson structure on the Grassmannian Gr(k, n) is invariant under the action of the Coxeter element c =(1 2 ... n). In particular, its symplectic foliation is invariant under c. As a corollary, we obtain a second, Poisson geometric proof of the result of Knutson, Lam, and Speyer that the Coxeter element c interchanges the Lusztig strata of Gr(k, n). We also relate the main result to known anti-invariance properties of the standard Poisson structures on cominuscule flag varieties.
Private Information in Large Games

This paper identi...es a type of Bayesian equilibrium, called informationproof, de...ned for n-player one-shot Bayesian games. This equilibrium is immune to changes in the prior probability of types, in the probabilities of mixing pure actions, and in the order of play, as well as to information leakage and the possibility of revisions. In large semi-anonymous games that satisfy continuity and independence conditions all the equilibria are shown to be approximately infor-
Sal-Site: Integrating new and existing ambystomatid salamander research and informational resources

Salamanders of the genus Ambystoma are a unique model organism system because they enable natural history and biomedical research in the laboratory or field. We developed Sal-Site to integrate new and existing ambystomatid salamander research resources in support of this model system. Sal-Site hosts six important resources: 1) Salamander Genome Project: an information-based web-site describing progress in genome resource development, 2) Ambystoma EST Database: a database of manually edited and analyzed contigs assembled from ESTs that were collected from A. tigrinum tigrinum and A. mexicanum, 3) Ambystoma Gene Collection: a database containing full-length protein-coding sequences, 4) Ambystoma Map and Marker Collection: an image and database resource that shows the location of mapped markers on linkage groups, provides information about markers, and provides integrating links to Ambystoma EST Database and Ambystoma Gene Collection databases, 5) Ambystoma Genetic Stock Center: a website and collection of databases that describe an NSF funded salamander rearing facility that generates and distributes biological materials to researchers and educators throughout the world, and 6) Ambystoma Research Coordination Network: a web-site detailing current research projects and activities involving an international group of researchers. Sal-Site is accessible at http://www.ambystoma.org.
Calibration Testing Of Network Tap Devices

Understanding the behavior of network forensic devices is important to support prosecutions of malicious conduct on computer networks as well as legal remedies for false accusations of network management negligence. Individuals who seek to establish the credibility of network forensic data must speak competently about how the data was gathered and the potential for data loss. Unfortunately, manufacturers rarely provide information about the performance of low-layer network devices at a level that will survive legal challenges. This paper proposes a first step toward an independent calibration standard by establishing a validation testing methodology for evaluating forensic taps against manufacturer specifications. The methodology and the theoretical analysis that led to its development are offered as a conceptual framework for developing a standard and to “operationalize” network forensic readiness. This paper also provides details of an exemplar test, testing environment, procedures and results.
Retrospective stable isotope analysis reveals ecosystem responses to river regulation over the last century

Disruption of natural flow regimes, nutrient pollution, and other consequences of human population growth and development have impacted most major rivers of the world. Alarming losses of aquatic biodiversity coincide with human-caused river alteration, but effects of biotic homogenization on aquatic ecosystem processes are not as well documented. This is because unaltered systems for comparison are scarce, and some ecosystem-wide effects may take decades to manifest. We evaluated aquatic ecosystem responses to extensive river- floodplain engineering and nutrient addition in the Rio Grande of southwestern North America as revealed by changes in trophic structure of, and resource availability to, the fish community. Stable Isotope Analysis (SIA) was conducted on museum-preserved fishes collected over a 70-year period of intensive river management and exponential human population growth. Trophic complexity and resource heterogeneity for fish consumers (measured as "isotopic niche breadth") decreased following sediment deprivation and channelization, and these effects persist into the present. Increased nutrient inputs led to δ15N enrichment in the entire fish community at all affected sites, and a shift to autochthonous sources of carbon at the most proximal site downstream of wastewater release, probably via bottom-up transfer. Overall, retrospective SIA of apex consumers suggests radical change and functional impairment of a floodplain river ecosystem already marked by significant biodiversity loss.
Lattice fluctuations and disorder in quasi-one dimensional materials

Abstract We show that the zero-point and thermal lattice motions have a significant effect on the electronic properties of the Peierls-Frohlich state. The lattice fluctuations can be modelled as intrinsic disorder in the system. Exact analytic expressions are presented for the density of states and localization length in the disordered system. The disorder produces a significant rounding of the density of states compared to that of a rigid lattice. The electronic properties vary on a temperature scale determined by the phonon frequency, ω 2 kf .
Non-Newtonian Behavior of Ballistic Gelatin at High Shear Rates

A coordinated modeling and experimental effort to investigate the shear stress-shear strain rate response of ballistic gelatin is presented. A power-law constitutive model that captures non-Newtonian shear-thickening behavior, the evolution of viscosity, and the momentum diffusion at high shear rates is adopted. A simple asymptotic relationship between the maximum wall shear stress and the maximum striking wall velocity is derived in the high diffusion rate regime for a shear flow between two parallel plates. Experimental investigation is conducted on double lap-shear test fixture with gelatin specimens of different thicknesses subjected to high strain rate input on the inner surface, generated by a polymer split Hopkinson pressure bar. This test fixture allows measurement of transmitted shear stress as well as visualization of momentum diffusion through gelatin when imaged by a high speed camera. Gelatin specimens of various thicknesses were used for extracting the power-law model parameters. It is found that ballistic gelatin behaves as a shear-thickening fluid at high shear rates with a power-law exponent of 2.22.
NMR determination of hydrogen transfer stereospecificity of α-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes: A one-step method

Abstract A simple one-step method is described for the determination of hydrogen transfer stereospecificity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-linked oxidoreductases. Alcohol and lipoamide dehydrogenases whose stereospecificities are known are employed to prepare stereospecifically deuterated reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide which is immediately reoxidized in situ in a NMR tube by the enzyme under investigation. Alternatively, the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide produced by the test enzyme is reoxidized in situ by enzymes of known stereospecificity, such as glutamate and lactate dehydrogenases. The reoxidized coenzyme of the coupled reactions is analyzed for its deuterium content by NMR. The presence and absence of the absorption band due to the hydrogen or deuterium, respectively, at the 4-position of the nicotinamide ring is used to diagnose the stereospecificity of the test enzyme. Application of this direct in situ coupling method to dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenases of Escherichia coli pyruvate and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes indicates that the enzymes are B-side stereospecific fro nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
A note on worker blocking in narrow-aisle order picking systems when pick time is non-deterministic

The focus of this work is to develop analytical models to estimate worker blocking in narrow-aisle order picking systems. The situation with deterministic pick times has already been reported in the literature but the case with non-deterministic pick times remains an open question. Models that use a non-deterministic pick time for cases where the pick:walk-time ratios are 1:1 and ∞:1 are presented. It is shown that the results obtained using deterministic pick times are in fact sensitive to this assumption.
A General Auto-Tuning Method for Active Vibration Damping of Mobile Hydraulic Machines

This paper presents an innovative approach towards the active vibration damping of mobile hydraulic machines. The authors’ research group recently introduced a novel control strategy based on pressure feedback and on an optimization procedure. The success of the optimization lies on the efficient quantification of the vibration extend which is the objective to be minimized. This paper addresses the definition of the objective function introducing a new method which does not require a priori knowledge of the working cycle. This approach enables the control strategy to be potentially applied to any kind of working scenario and does not require the intervention of a control designer.The results presented in this paper show that the novel method is able to effectively attenuate the undesired oscillations while not affecting the actuator velocity.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
The Discovery and Optimization of a Novel Class of Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Inhibitors with Potential Utility for the Treatment of Cancer.

A class of 2-acyliminobenzimidazoles has been developed as potent and selective inhibitors of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Structure based design facilitated the rapid development of structure–activity relationships (SAR) and the optimization of kinase selectivity. Introduction of an optimally placed polar substituent was key to solving issues of metabolic stability and led to the development of potent, selective, orally bioavailable ALK inhibitors. Compound 49 achieved substantial tumor regression in an NPM-ALK driven murine tumor xenograft model when dosed qd. Compounds 36 and 49 show favorable potency and PK characteristics in preclinical species indicative of suitability for further development.
Physiological Effects of Injections of Various Benzene and Furan Derivatives into the Cockroach

SummaryVarious benzene and furan derivatives, dissolved or emulsified in Hobson's solution, have been injected quantitatirely into the cockroach, Periplaneta orientalis (Linn.). The effects of the injections upon various body activities are given in condensed and tabular form. No clear-cut relationship between chemical structuse and physiological effect has been detected, although the methyl groups appear to be associated with lesser toxic effects. Several observations of physiological interest are described.
Unification, multiplets, and proton decay

We make a detailed analysis of gauge-coupling unification in supersymmetry. When the standard model gauge group is embedded in a grand unified theory (GUT), new particles often appear below the GUT scale in order to predict the right phenomenology at low-energy. While these new particles are beyond the reach of accelerator experiments, they change the prediction of ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}$. Here we classify all the $\mathbf{(}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{U}(3{)}_{\mathrm{C}},\mathrm{S}\mathrm{U}(2{)}_{\mathrm{L}}{\mathbf{)}}_{\mathrm{U}(1{)}_{\mathrm{Y}}}$ representations which improve or worsen the prediction. Running experimentally determined values of the coupling constants at two loops we calculate the allowed range of masses of fields in these representations. We explore the implication of these results in SU(5) and $\mathrm{S}\mathrm{U}(3{)}^{3}$ (trinification) models. We discover that minimal trinification predicts light triplet Higgs particles which lead to proton decay with a lifetime in the vicinity of the current experimental bound.
Fragmenting states, new regimes: militarized state violence and transition in the Middle East

Scholars working in the transitology tradition assume that authoritarian breakdown leads to movement towards democratization after an initial period of uncertainty. If a transition falls short of democratization, there is an assumption that a return to authoritarian normalcy has transpired. Yet, whether one looks at Egypt, Libya, Syria, or Bahrain, the emergent trend is neither democratization, a return to the old authoritarian order, or a delayed transition. Rather, the weakening and fragmenting of regimes by popular mobilizations stimulated elites’ militarization of the state apparatus and unprecedented levels of state violence against ordinary citizens in a process of regime re-making.
Molecular biology of Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus

Abstract Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV8) are human gammaherpesviruses that are etiologic in the development of a variety of hematologic disorders. Infection with these viruses occurs worldwide. EBV is ubiquitous and its prevalence approaches 100% in most adult populations. Both viruses establish persistent latent infection in lymphocytes, which is usually benign. However, in the presence of other environmental, genetic, and iatrogenic cofactors, EBV or KSHV infection is associated with a variety of lymphoproliferative diseases and lymphoma. This chapter summarizes the molecular function of genes expressed during latent and lytic infections that may play a role in oncogenesis. Those aspects of viral gene function that prevent apoptosis, enhance proliferation, and escape from immune attack are emphasized, as these are likely to be important in malignant transformation. Semin Hematol 40:107-115. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Analysis of the carbon and proton NMR spectra of 2‐arylthiophenes and related heterocycles

Complete proton and carbon NMR assignments were made for five 2-(2-X-phenyl)thiophenes (X = NH2, NO2, COOH, Br), four 2,5-diphenylheterocycles (thiophene, furan and N-methyl- and N-phenylpyrrole) and N-phenylpyrrole using HETCOR, COSY, XCORFE and, in one case, NOESY 2D NMR techniques. In the first set of compounds a good correlation was found between the chemical shifts of certain carbon atoms and σp and/or the Q-parameter. In the second series the expected correlation with the aromatic character of the heterocycle was observed primarily with the furan compound, where the heterocyclic ring strongly increases the electron density of the phenyl rings.
Quasiperiodicity versus mixing instability in a kicked quantum system

A two-level system subject to quasiperiodically modulated kicking is investigated under the aspects of ergodic theory. For weak kicking strength \ensuremath{\kappa} the correlation functions exhibit quasiperiodic behavior, whose character changes with increasing \ensuremath{\kappa} as recurrences become infrequent. A quantum instability with a transition to mixing behavior that was suggested for similar models does not arise. Analytic results are obtained for the case where two of three characteristic frequencies are incommensurate.
The Process of Identity Development as the Parent of a Lesbian or Gay Male

ABSTRACT Research has explored some aspects of parental adjustment when learning that a child is lesbian or gay, most often focusing on initial reactions. The small body of literature examining changes over time in parents' attitudes has provided clues about factors that facilitate adjustment to the news that an offspring is lesbian or gay. In this study, the grounded theory method guided development of a model of the processes that parents experience when they learn that their son or daughter is gay or lesbian.
Areas of contact and pressure distribution in bolted joints

Areas of contact and pressure distribution in bolted or riveted joints determined by finite element method
Lipid metabolism and Sarcocystis miescheriana infection in growing swine

Abstract Sixteen 2-month-old pigs were divided into four equal groups and infected with either 500 000, 1 000 000 or 3 000 000 sporocysts of Sarcocystis miescheriana . Four pigs served as uninfected controls. Pigs were bled weekly and serum was collected beginning 14 days prior to infection and continuing until 63 days after infection. Body fat composition, as measured by the specific gravity of the carcass, was not affected by infection. There were no significant effects of infection on serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. A slight depression in HDL cholesterol occured during the acute phase of infection. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was not detected in serum from infected swine when assayed by a cytotoxicity assay using TNF-sensitive WEHI 164 clone 13 cells. Attempts to stimulate TNF production in RAW 264.7 cells with parasitic lysates gave mixed results. This study suggests that the disruption of lipid metabolism is not the primary cause of growth retardation in growing swine infected with S. miescheriana .
Preposition-phrase attachment in noun phrases

This paper examines the ambiguity of noun phrases (NPs) with postmodifying preposition phrases (PPs), such as “the triangle next to the circle below the square.” This ambiguity is attributable in part to the difference in attachment sites for the second PP. If it attaches low, it modifies just the NP that is the object of the first preposition, and the resulting structure is right branching. If it attaches high, it modifies the entire preceding NP, and the resulting structure is left branching. However, each of these structures itself has two distinct interpretations. In the case of the high-attachment structure, these different interpretations have been previously noted; we call them stacking and coordinating. In the stacking interpretation, each PP modifies the entire NP to its left, whereas in the coordinating interpretation, it modifies just the head noun to its left (the first noun in the construction). In the case of the low-attachment structure, only the interpretation corresponding to the coordinating one has been noted; we call it alternating. However, a fourth distinct interpretation is possible, which corresponds to the stacking interpretation of the highattachment structure; we call it stuffing. In the alternating interpretation, each preposition has scope only over the head of the NP that is its complement. In the stuffing interpretation, each preposition has scope over its entire complement. In a pilot study, we found that the interpretations based on low attachment are preferred to those based on high attachment by a 2∶1 ratio. Of the two low-attachment interpretations, alternating is preferred to stuffing by a 20∶1 ratio. However, of the two high-attachment interpretations, coordinating is preferred to stacking by only a 2∶1 ratio. In a second pilot study, we examined the pattern of interpretations of phrases with four PP postmodifiers of an NP, which in principle have 112 distinct interpretation types. Eleven of these types were noted in the experimental materials. We provide a detailed analysis of these types and note that the relative preference of the various interpretations found in the first study is preserved.
Passive ranging redundancy reduction in diurnal weather conditions

Ambiguity in binocular ranging (David Marr’s paradox) may be resolved by using two eyes moving from side to side behind an optical bench while integrating multiple views. Moving a head from left to right with one eye closed can also help resolve the foreground and background range uncertainty. That empirical experiment implies redundancy in image data, which may be reduced by adopting a 3-D camera imaging model to perform compressive sensing. Here, the compressive sensing concept is examined from the perspective of redundancy reduction in images subject to diurnal and weather variations for the purpose of resolving range uncertainty at all weather conditions such as the dawn or dusk, the daytime with different light level or the nighttime at different spectral band. As an example, a scenario at an intersection of a country road at dawn/dusk is discussed where the location of the traffic signs needs to be resolved by passive ranging to answer whether it is located on the same side of the road or the opposite side, which is under the influence of temporal light/color level variation. A spectral band extrapolation via application of Lagrange Constrained Neural Network (LCNN) learning algorithm is discussed to address lost color restoration at dawn/dusk. A numerical simulation is illustrated along with the code example.
Inhomogeneous forcing and transient climate sensitivity

Understanding climate sensitivity is critical to projecting climate change in response to a given forcing scenario. Recent analyses have suggested that transient climate sensitivity is at the low end of the present model range taking into account the reduced warming rates during the past 10-15 years during which forcing has increased markedly. In contrast, comparisons of modelled feedback processes with observations indicate that the most realistic models have higher sensitivities. Here I analyse results from recent climate modelling intercomparison projects to demonstrate that transient climate sensitivity to historical aerosols and ozone is substantially greater than the transient climate sensitivity to CO2. This enhanced sensitivity is primarily caused by more of the forcing being located at Northern Hemisphere middle to high latitudes where it triggers more rapid land responses and stronger feedbacks. I find that accounting for this enhancement largely reconciles the two sets of results, and I conclude that the lowest end of the range of transient climate response to CO2 in present models and assessments (less than 1.3 C) is very unlikely.
Relief of dermographism and other urticarias of histamine origin by a synthetic benzhydryl alkamine ether.

Abstract The new histamine antagonist, β-dimethylaminoethyl benzhydryl ether hydrochloride, is an effective palliative remedy in dermographism and is particularly useful in the type of dermographism interfering with cutaneous testing for atopic manifestations.
Whole-slide imaging: widening the scope of cytopathology

Abstract Whole slide imaging (WSI) is broadening the scope of cytopathology. Whole slide images are being used for telecytology, quality assurance activities (e.g. proficiency testing) and teaching (e.g. digital teaching sets and online virtual atlases). Progress in WSI technology that permits high resolution scanning, z-stacking, and hybrid robotic devices has encouraged the use of this imaging modality for cytology practice, education and research. However, widespread adoption in cytology still depends on overcoming barriers unrelated to cytology and challenges directly related to digitizing cytopathology slides. The aim of this article is to review WSI technology, applications and limitations specific to cytopathology.
A note on the strong direct summand conjecture

We prove special cases of the strong direct summand conjecture and the related strong monomial conjecture.
Prediction of cis -QTLs in a pair of inbred mouse strains with the use of expression and haplotype data from public databases

Cis-QTLs are important candidates for any other trait that maps to the same locus. In this article we have used publicly available databases and a small microarray data set to "map" cis-QTLs in the ILS and ISS inbred mouse strains without the need to generate microarray data from an ILSXISS segregating population. Expression data were obtained from brains of C57BL/6, DBA/2, ILS, and ISS. Cis-QTLs were mapped for the 760 transcripts found to be differentially expressed between the C57BL/6 and DBA/2 using expression data previously obtained from the BXD RIs. The 469 detected cis-QTLs were then examined for SNP haplotypes and expression patterns that could relate the ILS and ISS to the C57BL/6 and DBA/2. Of the 338 cis-QTL transcripts that had informative haplotypes, 189 were significantly different between the ILS and ISS with 184 showing segregation of haplotype with expression. These were considered to be probable cis-QTLs in the ILS and ISS. There were almost certainly additional ILS/ISS cis-QTLs among the other transcripts with informative haplotypes, but in the absence of an ILS/ISS expression difference, the level of confidence was reduced. Several of the putative ILS/ISS cis-QTLs are considered important candidate genes because they are linked to ILS/ISS behavioral QTLs. A potential ascertainment bias related to strain-dependent target sequences was observed suggesting that as much as 35% of the cis-QTLs were hybridization artifacts. Nonetheless, the results suggest that this approach is an economical and widely applicable method for mapping cis-QTLs in a strain pair of interest.
Exudative retinopathy of adults: a late sequela of retinopathy of prematurity

The cases of 11 patients with a unilateral, retinal detachment associated with hard exudate and other late sequelae of retinopathy of prematurity are described. The abnormality was first noted in the second to fourth decades of life. Ten of the patients were women and one was a man. The source of the hard exudate was thought to be telangiectatic retinal vascular abnormalities. Among the ten treated eyes, four demonstrated an improvement in visual acuity. In two cases a mass lesion was also noted in the fundus.
A Patch Antenna With a Varactor-Loaded Slot for Reconfigurable Dual-Band Operation

A new design approach for a microstrip patch antenna to achieve reconfigurable dual-band operation with tunable frequency ratio is introduced. The approach uses a lumped capacitor in the middle of a slotted patch antenna, which results in two resonant frequencies. The two resonant frequencies and their ratio are functions of the capacitance value. If a varactor with an appropriate biasing network is used, electronic tuning is realized by changing the applied DC voltage. To understand the dual-resonance behavior of the proposed antenna, an equivalent circuit model based on the transmission line theory of the antenna is established, considering the slot effect and the lumped capacitor. The results are verified with full wave simulation. Furthermore, measurements for fabricated antenna prototypes operating in 2–4.5 GHz are carried out for validation, and the performance shows a tunable frequency ratio from 1.45 to 1.93 with a capacitance range from 0.31 to 0.74 pF. It is worthwhile to point out that the radiation patterns are similar at both bands because both resonances are due to the fundamental TM01 mode.
Real time computational algorithms for eddy-current-based damage detection

In the field of nondestructive evaluation, new and improved techniques are constantly being sought to facilitate the detection of hidden corrosion and flaws in structures such as aeroplanes and pipelines. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of detecting such damage by application of an eddy-current-based technique coupled with reduced order modelling. We begin by developing a model for a specific eddy current method in which we make some simplifying assumptions reducing the three-dimensional problem to a two-dimensional problem (we do this for proof of concept). Theoretical results are then presented which establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions as well as continuous dependence of the solutions on the parameters which represent the damage. We further discuss theoretical issues concerning the least squares parameter estimation problem used in identifying the geometry of the damage. To solve the identification problem, an optimization algorithm is employed which requires solving the forward problem numerous times. To implement these methods in a practical setting, the forward algorithm must be solved with extremely fast and accurate solution methods. In constructing these computational methods, we employ reduced order proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) techniques. This approach permits one to create a set of basis elements spanning a data set consisting of either numerical simulations or experimental data. We discuss two different algorithms for forming the POD approximations, a POD/Galerkin technique and a POD/interpolation technique. Finally, results of the inverse problem associated with damage detection are given using both simulated data with relative noise added as well as experimental data obtained using a giant magnetoresistive sensor. The experimental results are based on successfully using experimental data to form the POD basis elements (instead of numerical simulations), thus illustrating the effectiveness of this method on a wide range of applications. In both instances the methods are found to be efficient and robust. Moreover, the methods were fast; our findings demonstrate a significant reduction in computational time.