cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TRAIL PHEROMONE‐CONDITIONED ANEMOTAXIS BY THE ARGENTINE ANT, IRIDOMYRMEX HUMILIS

Odor-conditioned anemotaxis was exhibited by Argentine ant workers, Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr) to sources of the major trail pheromone component, (Z)-9-hexadecenal (Z9-16: ALD). More ants oriented toward and successfully located point or permeated-field sources of Z9-16: ALD in wind than in still air. Trail pheromone-conditioned anemotaxis may effectively increase the communication distance of the trial beyond that allowed by chemotaxis alone. RESUME Anemotaxie induite par une pheromone de piste chez la fourmi d'Argentine, Iridomyrmex humilis. Les ouvrieres d'Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr) presentaient une anemotaxie induite par l'odorat, a des sources emettant la principale pheromone de piste: (Z)-9-hexadecenal (Z9-16: ALD). Dans la nature un plus grand nombre de fourmis s'orientent et decouvrent une source balayee par le vent de Z9-16: ALD qu'en air calme. Une anemotaxie induite par la pheromone de piste peut effectivement augmenter la distance de communication de la piste au-dela de celle permise par le seul chimiotactisme.
Automatic Bird Species Filtering Using a Multimodel Approach

We report a filtering algorithm for bird species detection using videos captured by uncalibrated moving cameras, a typical characteristic of crowd sourced videos. The algorithm tracks both body and wing motion dimensions of a flying bird to form signatures for species filtering. In the body model, we consider both cases when background motion introduced by the camera can and cannot be directly recognized using key point matching. We are also able to recover intrinsic camera parameters in the body motion tracking. In the wing model, we consider both periodic wing flapping and gliding motion patterns. These models are combined to form a multimodel framework. We have tested the algorithm and compared its performance with single model approaches in physical experiments. Results show that the new algorithm significantly reduces the false positive rate, while maintaining a low false negative rate. The area under ROC curve is 92.86%.
Low-temperature behavior of alkali halides doped with hydroxyl

The low-temperature dielectric dispersions of LiF, NaCl, KCl, and KBr have been measured for different concentrations of OH−. With decreasing tunnel splitting of the OH− levels, and with increasing dipolar interaction, a behavior is observed below ∼1 K similar to that found in amorphous materials and attributed to two-level states (TLS). Differences between OH− and TLS are noted, the main difference being that the broad spectrum of energy levels associated with the OH− in alkali halides arises from dipolar interactions rather than an atomically disordered environment. It is argued that an electric dipole analog of the magnetic spin-glass state does not occur in the OH− systems.
The Limited Benefits of Rereading Educational Texts.

Abstract Though rereading is a study method commonly used by students, theoretical disagreement exists regarding whether rereading a text significantly enhances the representation and retention of the text’s contents. In four experiments, we evaluated the effectiveness of rereading relative to a single reading in a context paralleling that faced by students in the classroom. Participants read educational texts (textbook chapters or a Scientific American article) under intentional learning instructions. Learning and memory were tested with educationally relevant summative assessments (multiple choice, short-answer questions, and text summaries). With only several exceptions, rereading did not significantly increase performance on the assessments. We also found that reading comprehension ability did not alter this pattern. It appears that when using ecologically valid materials such as a textbook chapter, immediate rereading may have little or no benefit for improving performance on educationally relevant summative assessments.
The Internal Carotid Artery as it Relates to Endonasal Sphenoethmoidectomy

A better understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic sinus disease has led to an increased performance of endonasal sphenoethmoid surgery. Approaching the sphenoid sinus via this route mandates th...
Do computer programs have to be as dumb as they are?: input-centric dynamic program optimizations

Looking around this world, we see that a fledgling can fly faster and faster, a pupil can calculate quicker and quicker, and a graduate student can write papers better and better. But since the birth of computers, it has been the case that after the release of a software package, the one millionth run of the program is typically not a bit better than its first-time run. Do programs have to be this dumb? In this talk, I will discuss the barriers that cause such dumbness, our efforts in creating a more intelligent paradigm, and some open challenges that you may be able to help address.
Beliefs about the Role of Parenting in Feeding and Childhood Obesity among Mothers of Lower Socioeconomic Status

Objective To examine beliefs about the role of parenting in feeding and childhood obesity among mothers of lower socioeconomic status.
Learning from Tragedy: A Survey of Child and Adolescent Restraint Fatalities.

Abstract Objective This descriptive study examines 45 child and adolescent fatalities related to restraints in residential (institutional) placements in the United States from 1993 to 2003. Method The study team used common Internet search engines as its primary case discovery strategy to determine the frequency and the nature of the fatalities, as well as the characteristics of the children and the adolescents involved. Results Male children and adolescents were over-represented in the study sample. Thirty-eight of the fatalities occurred during or after a physical restraint, and 7 fatalities occurred during the use of mechanical restraints. Twenty-eight of the deaths occurred in a prone restraint. In 25 of the fatalities, asphyxia was the cause of death. Conclusion In the 23 cases in this study where information is available, none of the child behaviors or conditions that prompted the restraint would meet the standard of danger to self or others: the commonly accepted criteria for the use of a restraint. The study points to deficiencies in fatality reporting, recommends reporting fatalities to established state child fatality review boards, and reinforces that restraints be governed by strict protocol and monitoring. The study also urges caution to policymakers in substituting or changing restraint procedures based on the incomplete data reported in this study.
Improved production of L-lysine by disruption of stationary phase-specific rmf gene in Escherichia coli

Growth and rate, at which fermentation products are formed in cells, generally decreases during the stationary phase as a result of changes in gene expression. We focused on the rmf gene, which encodes the ribosome modulation factor protein, as a target for strain modification in order to improve the rate of L-lysine production in Escherichia coli. Increased expression of the rmf gene during the stationary phase was confirmed under various cultivation conditions using DNA macroarray analysis. Mutants with disrupted rmf were then generated from an L-lysine-producing E. coli strain. The rates of L-lysine accumulation and production were significantly increased in disruptants that were cultivated with excess phosphate. By contrast, a higher biomass was generated in disruptants that were grown under limited phosphate conditions. These results demonstrate that disruption of the rmf gene significantly affects L-lysine production and growth in E. coli.
Protective effect of deoxycytidylic acid (CdMP) on hydroxyurea‐induced malformations in rats

Single ip injections of 500 mg/kg hydroxyurea (HU) to 11-day pregnant rats produced minimal fetal mortality and malformations of the limbs, palate, jaw, and tail in 98.8% of fetuses surviving to day 21 of gestation. Simultaneous administration of 500 mg/kg HU and 700 mg/kg deoxycytidylic acid (CdMP) provided complete protection against HU teratogenesis. Lower doses of CdMP (3.7–500 mg/kg) gave partial, dose-related, protection, as indicated by increased frequency of normal survivors and decreased severity of specific malformations. Maximal protection was provided to the forepaw and jaw and minimal to the tail. In experiments in which 700 mg/kg CdMP were given 15–60 minutes after or up to 150 minutes before HU administration, its protective effect gradually diminished with lengthening of time between the administration of the two compounds. The incidence and manifestation of individual malformations in both sets of experiments were time related. When a mixture of 700 mg/kg of CdMP and 500 mg/kg of HU was left at room temperature for 15 minutes before injection, the protective effect of CdMP was diminished by 15.1%. When the effects of several pyrimidine compounds were equated on the basis of biochemically equivalent doses (mmol/kg), among the cytidine derivatives CdMP was more effective at all doses than cytidine or deoxycytidine. All cytidine compounds gave greater protection than the uridine compounds, whereas thymidine and thymidylic acid did not protect the fetal rat against HU-induced malformations.
Frequency of eating as a factor in experimental dental caries

Abstract Caries activity on each of three caries-test diets was directly related to length of time that food was available to the animal and not due to the amount of food consumed. Increased caries activity was also demonstrated following the injection of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). These results suggest that increased oral retention, whether resulting from changes in the feeding regimen or changes in the biologic status of the animal, may be the common causative factor associated with increased caries activity.
The salicylic acid signal in plants

Plants are one of the world’s richest sources of natural medicines. The use of plants and plant extracts for healing dates back to earliest recorded history. Today, such plant-derived medicines as quinine, digitalis, opiates and morphine are widely used, while new natural chemicals such as the putative anti-cancer drug taxol from yew tree bark are being characterized and developed.
Oxytocin reduces background anxiety in a fear-potentiated startle paradigm.

Oxytocin reportedly decreases anxious feelings in humans and may therefore have therapeutic value for anxiety disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As PTSD patients have exaggerated startle responses, a fear-potentiated startle paradigm in rats may have face validity as an animal model to examine the efficacy of oxytocin in treating these symptoms. Oxytocin (0, 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 μg, subcutaneously) was given either 30 min before fear conditioning, immediately after fear conditioning, or 30 min before fear-potentiated startle testing to assess its effects on acquisition, consolidation, and expression of conditioned fear, respectively. Startle both in the presence and absence of the fear-conditioned light was significantly diminished by oxytocin when administered at acquisition, consolidation, or expression. There was no specific effect of oxytocin on light fear-potentiated startle. In an additional experiment, oxytocin had no effects on acoustic startle without previous fear conditioning. Further, in a context-conditioned test, previous light-shock fear conditioning did not increase acoustic startle during testing when the fear-conditioned light was not presented. The data suggest that oxytocin did not diminish cue-specific conditioned nor contextually conditioned fear, but reduced background anxiety. This suggests that oxytocin has unique effects of decreasing background anxiety without affecting learning and memory of a specific traumatic event. Oxytocin may have antianxiety properties that are particularly germane to the hypervigilance and exaggerated startle typically seen in PTSD patients.
Race and Rapprochement: Anglo-Saxonism and Anglo-American Relations, 1895-1904

Traces the historical roots of Anglo-Saxonism in Britain and America, showing how the theory of Anglo-Saxonism was developed, and demonstrates the extent to which political leaders allowed Anglo-Saxonist ideas to influence their diplomacy.
Probable Antagonism of Warfarin by Green Tea

OBJECTIVE:To report a case of the inhibition of the effect of warfarin by green tea.CASE SUMMARY:A 44-year-old white man was receiving warfarin for thromboembolic prophylaxis secondary to a St. Jude mechanical valve replacement in the aortic position. The patient had an international normalized ratio (INR) of 3.20 approximately one month prior to entering our clinic, and an INR of 3.79 on entering our clinic. Twenty-two days later his INR was 1.37. One month later the patient's INR was 1.14. It was subsequently discovered that the patient began drinking one-half to one gallon of green tea per day about one week prior to the INR of 1.37. On discontinuation of the green tea, the patient's INR increased to 2.55.DISCUSSION:Warfarin produces anticoagulation by inhibiting production of the vitamin K–dependent clotting factors (i.e., factors II, VII, IX, X). The exogenous administration of vitamin K inhibits the effect of warfarin and reduces a patient's degree of anticoagulation. Green tea can be a significant ...
An approach for modeling and designing software architecture

A critical issue for complex component-based systems design is the modeling and analysis of architecture. Architectural specifications of software systems show them as a collection of interrelated components, and constitute what has been called the software architecture level of software design. It is at this level where the description and verification of structural properties of the system are naturally addressed. Besides, the use of explicit descriptions of the architecture of software systems enhances system comprehension and promotes software reuse. We have developed a tool-the Web-Based Software Architecture Prototyping System (SAPS)-in a distributed environment to meet the requirements of integrating software components into heterogeneous networks. Our system architecture design environment includes a Web-based Software Architecture Editor, the Java Code Generator (JCG), a Reusable Assets Repository (RAR), and a Platform Distribution Controller (PDC). By using the wrapper/glue technique, different simulation tools in a heterogeneous environment share the input/output data files for prototypes. The architecture is generalized for the communication among software components necessary for data interchange. Our system not only provides a useful array of tools for distributed real-time system prototyping, but also is a demonstration of the effective use of a distributed system in a heterogeneous environment.
Toward Effective Multi-Capacity Resource Allocation in Distributed Real-Time and Embedded Systems

Effective resource management for distributed real-time embedded (DRE) systems is hard due to their unique characteristics, including (1) constraints in multiple resources and (2) highly fluctuating resource availability and input workload. DRE systems can benefit from a middleware framework that enables adaptive resource management algorithms to ensure application QoS requirements are met. This paper identifies key challenges in designing and extending resource allocation algorithms for DRE systems. We present an empirical study of bin-packing algorithms enhanced to meet these challenges. Our analysis identifies input application patterns that help generate appropriate heuristics for using these algorithms effectively in DRE systems.
Cross-Layer Multi-Rate Routing Strategies in Wireless Multi-Hop Random Access Networks

In this paper, we develop and study combined multi- rate and packet forwarding and routing operations in the context of multi-hop ad hoc wireless networks. Nodes are assumed to employ a software controlled radio that is programmed to use several modulation/coding schemes (MCSs) that operate at different data rates. The underlying MAC scheme is assumed to be based on a random access (pure ALOHA type) protocol. We propose a distributed QoS-aware cross-layer joint routing and rate control algorithm. It is used by nodal stations to jointly select, for each packet that traverses multi-hop routes across the network, the transmit data rate and the neighboring node to which the packet should be routed towards its destination. Each station monitors certain station and network activity states, and uses these data to adapt the selection of its parameter vectors. The mechanism strives to ensure that flow throughput and end- to-end packet delay target levels are met. Once satisfied, the algorithm selects parameters that serve to enhance the transport throughput level, thus occupying limited overall network wide resources. Simulation results demonstrate the significant performance enhancements that are achieved under the use of the proposed scheme. Our analytical models and mechanisms provide important guidelines for the design of such joint channel rate, MAC and routing based operations algorithms.
Comparison of the modification of diet in renal disease and Cockcroft-Gault equations for antimicrobial dosage adjustments.

Background:Direct measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is considered to be the most accurate method of assessing kidney function, albeit difficult and costly. With the derivation of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation to estimate GFR in patients with chronic kidney disease, questions exist as to whether this method should be preferred over the Cockcroft–Gault (CG) equation when making dosage adjustments for renally eliminated antimicrobials.Objective:To determine whether a difference exists when making antimicrobial dosage adjustments in patients with chronic kidney disease based on estimation of GFR using the MDRD and CG equations.Methods:We conducted an observational analysis of 409 patients with chronic kidney disease who were admitted to a tertiary care facility with an inpatient dialysis center and nephrology unit. GFR was calculated using both the 4- or 6-variable MDRD equation and the CG equation and compared using correlation and Bland–Altman methodology. Dosage di...
Patron Saint of Organizational Research? Lessons from St. Teresa of Avila for Scholars and for Evidence Based Practice

The challenges the organizational research community faces in promoting evidence-based management and practices parallel circumstances institutional entrepreneurs and reformers commonly face. This essay links these challenges to lessons derived from the actions and insights of the exemplary institutional reformer Teresa of Avila, who reintroduced an authentic spirituality into organizations within the Catholic Church following the Reformation. Framed as a letter nominating Teresa as the patron saint of organizational research, the essay addresses the risks and vulnerabilities associated with institutional transformations, and evidence-based management and practices specifically, and the Teresian processes pertinent to overcoming these.
Modified protocol for in vivo imaging of wild-type mouse retina with customized miniature spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) device

This protocol outlines and evaluates a modified scanning procedure for a customized spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging apparatus within the wild-type C57Bl/6 mouse posterior segment. This modified protocol allows for the capture of a 50 degree field of view spanning 3 mm by 3 mm perimeter with the optic disc as the central point. By utilizing this scanning protocol a more reliable measurement of retinal thickness can be achieved outside the fluctuating region of the optic disc. This protocol, when applied to this high resolution device, enables non-invasive in vivo histological imaging and biometric assessment of the various layers of the rodent posterior segment within a 20 – 30 min procedural time-frame. This protocol could establish a standardized method for evaluating morphological changes, with this commercial SDOCT device, when assessing longitudinal disease pathophysiology and treatment response in mouse models for future vision science research.
Racial variation in incidence of Wilms' tumor: Relationship to congenital anomalies

This is a study of the occurrence of Wilms' tumor and associated anomalies in all incident cases in the Greater Delaware Valley by race. The average annual incidence of Wilms' tumor in this population of 2 million children is significantly higher among nonwhites than whites. A significantly larger proportion of black cases has a Wilms' tumor-associated condition including aniridia, genito-urinary anomalies, the Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, and hemihypertrophy. For very young patients, there was a greater tendency for blacks to have bilateral tumors or a tumor-associated anomaly, features characteristic of the hereditary form of Wilms' tumor. The excess risk of Wilms' tumor among blacks may be a result of a higher proportion having a hereditary predisposition or more common exposure to agents capable of inducing germinal mutations.
Suction Stress Characteristic Curve for Unsaturated Soil

The concept of the suction stress characteristic curve (SSCC) for unsaturated soil is presented. Particle-scale equilibrium analyses are employed to distinguish three types of interparticle forces: (1) active forces transmitted through the soil grains; (2) active forces at or near interparticle contacts; and (3) passive, or counterbalancing, forces at or near interparticle contacts. It is proposed that the second type of force, which includes physicochemical forces, cementation forces, surface tension forces, and the force arising from negative pore-water pressure, may be conceptually combined into a macroscopic stress called suction stress. Suction stress characteristically depends on degree of saturation, water content, or matric suction through the SSCC, thus paralleling well-established concepts of the soil–water characteristic curve and hydraulic conductivity function for unsaturated soils. The existence and behavior of the SSCC are experimentally validated by considering unsaturated shear strength data for a variety of soil types in the literature. Its characteristic nature and a methodology for its determination are demonstrated. The experimental evidence shows that both Mohr–Coulomb failure and critical state failure can be well represented by the SSCC concept. The SSCC provides a potentially simple and practical way to describe the state of stress in unsaturated soil.
Photochemistry of a Volcanically Driven Atmosphere on Io: Sulfur and Oxygen Species from a Pele-Type Eruption

To determine how active volcanism might affect the standard picture of sulfur dioxide photochemistry on Io, we have developed a one-dimensional atmospheric model in which a variety of sulfur-, oxygen-, sodium-, potassium-, and chlorine-bearing volatiles are volcanically outgassed at Io’s surface and then evolve due to photolysis, chemical kinetics, and diffusion. Thermochemical equilibrium calculations in combination with recent observations of gases in the Pele plume are used to help constrain the composition and physical properties of the exsolved volcanic vapors. Both thermochemical equilibrium calculations (Zolotov and Fegley 1999, Icarus 141, 40‐52) and the Pele plume observations of Spencer et al. (2000; Science 288, 1208‐1210) suggest that S2 may be a common gas emitted in volcanic eruptions on Io. If so, our photochemical models indicate that the composition of Io’s atmosphere could differ significantly from the case of an atmosphere in equilibrium with SO2 frost. The major differences as they relate to oxygen and sulfur species are an increased abundance of S, S2 ,S 3 ,S 4, SO, and S2O and a decreased abundance of O and O2 in the Pele-type volcanic models as compared with frost sublimation models. The high observed SO/SO2 ratio on Io might reflect the importance of a contribution from volcanic SO rather than indicate low eddy diffusion coefficients in Io’s atmosphere or low SO “sticking” probabilities at Io’s surface; in that case, the SO/SO2 ratio could be temporally and/or spatially variable as volcanic activity fluctuates. Many of the interesting volcanic species (e.g., S2 ,S 3 ,S 4, and S2O) are short lived and will be rapidly destroyed once the volcanic plumes shut off; condensation of these species near the source vent is also likely. The diffuse red deposits associated with active volcanic centers on Io may be caused by S4 radicals that are created and temporarily preserved when sulfur vapor (predominantly S2) condenses around the volcanic vent. Condensation of SO across the surface and, in particular, in the polar regions might also affect the surface spectral properties. We predict that the S/O ratio in the torus and neutral clouds might be correlated with volcanic activity—during periods when volcanic outgassing of S2 (or other molecular sulfur vapors) is prevalent, we would expect the escape of sulfur to be enhanced relative to that of oxygen, and the S/O ratio in the torus and neutral clouds could be correspondingly increased. c � 2002 Elsevier Science (USA)
Rheology of reconstituted silk fibroin protein gels: the epitome of extreme mechanics

In nature, silk fibroin proteins assemble into hierarchical structures with dramatic mechanical properties. With the hope of creating new classes of on demand silk-based biomaterials, Bombyx mori silk is reconstituted back into stable aqueous solutions that can be reassembled into functionalized materials; one strategy for reassembly is electrogelation. Electrogels (e-gels) are particularly versatile and can be produced using electrolysis with small DC electric fields. We characterize the linear and nonlinear rheological behavior of e-gels to provide fundamental insights into these distinct protein-based materials. We observe that e-gels form robust biopolymer networks that exhibit distinctive strain hardening and are recoverable from strains as large as γ = 27, i.e. 2700%. We propose a simple microscopic model that is consistent with local restructuring of single proteins within the e-gel network.
Inhibition of the alternative complement pathway preserves photoreceptors after retinal injury

Degeneration of photoreceptors is a primary cause of vision loss worldwide, making the underlying mechanisms surrounding photoreceptor cell death critical to developing new treatment strategies. Retinal detachment, characterized by the separation of photoreceptors from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium, is a sight-threatening event that can happen in a number of retinal diseases. The detached photoreceptors undergo apoptosis and programmed necrosis. Given that photoreceptors are nondividing cells, their loss leads to irreversible visual impairment even after successful retinal reattachment surgery. To better understand the underlying disease mechanisms, we analyzed innate immune system regulators in the vitreous of human patients with retinal detachment and correlated the results with findings in a mouse model of retinal detachment. We identified the alternative complement pathway as promoting early photoreceptor cell death during retinal detachment. Photoreceptors down-regulate membrane-bound inhibitors of complement, allowing for selective targeting by the alternative complement pathway. When photoreceptors in the detached retina were removed from the primary source of oxygen and nutrients (choroidal vascular bed), the retina became hypoxic, leading to an up-regulation of complement factor B, a key mediator of the alternative pathway. Inhibition of the alternative complement pathway in knockout mice or through pharmacological means ameliorated photoreceptor cell death during retinal detachment. Our current study begins to outline the mechanism by which the alternative complement pathway facilitates photoreceptor cell death in the damaged retina.
Time–frequency maximum likelihood methods for direction finding

Abstract This paper proposes a novel time–frequency maximum likelihood (t–f ML) method for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for nonstationary signals impinging on a multi-sensor array receiver, and compares this method with conventional maximum likelihood DOA estimation techniques. Time–frequency distributions localize the signal power in the time–frequency domain, and as such enhance the effective SNR, leading to improved DOA estimation. The localization of signals with different time–frequency signatures permits the division of the time–frequency domain into smaller regions, each containing fewer signals than those incident on the array. The reduction of the number of signals within different time–frequency regions not only reduces the required number of sensors, but also decreases the computational load in multidimensional optimizations. Compared to the recently proposed time–frequency MUSIC (t–f MUSIC), the proposed t–f ML method can be applied to coherent environments, without the need to perform any type of preprocessing that is subject to both array geometry and array aperture.
Sertraline Pharmacotherapy for Paraphilias and Paraphilia-Related Disorders: An Open Trial

Twenty-four men with paraphilias (PA; n = 13) and paraphilia-related disorders (PRD; n = 11) were consecutively treated with sertraline (mean dose, 100 mg/day; mean duration, 17.4 +/- 18.6 weeks). Baseline depression severity, total sexual outlet (TSO), and average time per day (ATD) spent in unconventional sexual behavior were obtained. At outcome, sertraline produced a statistically significant reduction in unconventional TSO and ATD in both PAs and PRDs without adversely affecting conventional TSO. This therapeutic effect was independent of baseline depression severity score. Clinically significant improvement was reported by approximately one-half of the men who complied with at least 4 weeks of sertraline pharmacotherapy. Nine men who failed to respond to sertraline were subsequently given fluoxetine. Fluoxetine (mean dose, 50 mg/day; mean duration, 30 weeks) produced a clinically significant effect in 6 additional men. Overall, 17 of the 24 men (70.8%) who received pharmacological treatment with sertraline and/or fluoxetine for at least 4 weeks sustained a clinically significant response, at times lasting more than 1 year. The evolving role of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for the amelioration of sexual impulse disorders is discussed.
Application of Mathematical Models to Individually Allocate Feed of Group-fed Cattle

ABSTRACT A data set of group-fed growing and finishing steers with individual feed access was used to evaluate predictions of required individual DM by 2 mathematical models (Cornell Value Discovery System, CVDS; and beef NRC) to allocate feed of group-fed, commingled cattle. Forty-eight crossbred steers (BW = 296 kg) were assigned to 1 of 6 pens and fed 1 of 4 growing diets formulated to have different energy concentrations for restricted or ad libitum intake regimen for 56 d. The diets were a low-starch diet fed ad libitum, a high-starch diet fed ad libitum, a high-starch with restricted intake, and an intermediate diet fed ad libitum with an average energy intake between ad libitum low-starch and ad libitum high starch diets. On d 57, all steers (BW = 401 kg) were placed on the ad libitum high-starch diet for finishing until d 140. The CVDS was able to account for 61% of the variation in the observed DMI (oDMI) of steers during the growing period, and for 71% of the variation in oDMI during finishing, with an average overprediction of 3.76%. In the same fashion, the NRC model was able to explain 59% of the variation in oDMI after adjustment for known performance during the growing period with no bias (P > 0.10), and 57% of the variation in oDMI during the finishing period, with an average underprediction of 4.40%. Our overall evaluation suggested that the CVDS was more precise and accurate than the NRC model when predicting DMI for individual animals. Both models were sensitive to the previous level of nutrition of the cattle, suggesting that more variables are necessary to increase the prediction precision for cattle growing systems. The results from a risk analysis suggested that an amount of approximately $17.00/animal may be either over- or under-charged in the billing process of a commercial feedlot growing and finishing periods. Therefore, mathematical models could assist commercial feed-lots to improve the accuracy of the billing process while maintaining the same income per pen.
Why social work should care: Television violence and children

There is an abundance of research on the influence of television violence on children. The convergence of research demonstrates an association between heavy viewing of violence and aggressive behavior. Despite thirty years of research, regulatory policy has failed to decrease violence on children's television. Children exposed to high rates of violence on television may be at greater risk of developing school and social problems. This paper highlights both research and theory which explains the relationship of television violence to children. It further makes the case that television violence should be an important and legitimate concern for social work.
Poststreptococcal reactive arthritis

Acute rheumatic fever is a delayed inflammatory disease that follows streptococcal infection of the throat. Poststreptococcal reactive arthritis is a sterile arthritis associated with antecedent streptococcal infection in patients not fulfilling the Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever. Poststreptococcal reactive arthritis has been reported to have lower-extremity predominance and, therefore, should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with lower-extremity arthritis. A review of the literature, distinguishing poststreptococcal reactive arthritis from acute rheumatic fever, and treatment options are discussed here. A case report is also presented.
The Next World War: World-System Cycles and Trends

This essay places the contemporary period of global development in long-run historical perspective, elaborates a model of world-system cycles and trends, and discusses the main structural forces influencing the probability of future war among core powers. The possible continuation of the cycle of hegemonic rivalry is discussed in terms of the similarities and differences between the coming three decades and earlier periods in which a declining hegemon was challenged by upwardly mobile states. Possible bids for economic and political hegemony by Japan, Germany, China and the United States are discussed, as are the possibilities for different coalitions in East Asia and Europe. The phenomenon of bloc formation is discussed in a long-term perspective that includes earlier periods of colonial empire and "commonwealth." We conclude that there is a significantly high probability that warfare among core states could occur in the 2020s. The prospects for global state formation within the next three decades are considered. We recommend a combination of the build-up of U.N. peace-keeping forces and the continuation of U.S. military strength as the least worst and most feasible solution to the problem of avoiding nuclear holocaust in the 2020s.
Hybrid MPI-thread parallelization of adaptive mesh operations

Development of a hybrid MPI-thread programming system called PCU.Inter-thread message passing, including non-blocking collectives.A novel, scalable termination detection technique for communication rounds.Hybrid parallel scalability to 16K cores on an IBM Blue Gene/Q. Many of the world's leading supercomputer architectures are a hybrid of shared memory and network-distributed memory. Such an architecture lends itself to a hybrid MPI-thread programming model. We first present an implementation of inter-thread message passing based on the MPI and pthread libraries. In addition, we present an efficient implementation of termination detection for communication rounds. We use the term phased message passing to denote the communication interface based on this termination detection. This interface is then used to implement parallel operations for adaptive unstructured meshes, and the performance of resulting applications is compared to pure MPI operation. We also present new workflows enabled by the ability to vary the number of threads during runtime.
American Psychiatry Should Join the Call to Abolish Solitary Confinement

> A considerable number of the prisoners fell, after even a short confinement, into a semi-fatuous condition, from which it was next to impossible to arouse them, and others became violently insane; others still, committed suicide; while those who stood the ordeal better were not generally reformed
THE SAFETY OF PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN PATIENTS TURNED DOWN FOR SURGICAL REVASCULARIZATION: INSIGHTS FROM THE BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD OF MICHIGAN CARDIOVASCULAR CONSORTIUM

Surgical ineligibility (SI) is associated with increased mortality after left main or multi vessel percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We compared outcomes after PCI between patients (pts) turned down and not turned down for surgery in a diverse cohort of pts and practices. We included
Abstract A16: The tyrosine phosphatase PRL3 as a novel drug target in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

The aggressive and unpredictable behavior of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) presents a major clinical challenge in both the pediatric and adult setting. The challenges associated with T-ALL are two-fold: 1) the recently improved cure rate for primary T-ALL is largely attributed to highly toxic chemotherapy regimens that have both short- and long-term adverse effects in patients, and 2) chemotherapy is often ineffective against relapsed T-ALL, which has a dismal 5-year survival rate of We have completed an unbiased cell transplantation screen using a zebrafish model of T-ALL and in excess of 6,000 adult recipient animals to identify molecular targets that promote T-ALL progression and relapse. Single leukemic cells were grown in syngeneic recipient fish and animals were assessed for differences in growth, leukemia propagating cell frequency, and therapy resistance. Serial transplantation experiments then followed evolution within 48 single-cell clones, identifying 6 clones that evolved increased LPC frequency and/or elevated growth potential. Comparative genomic hybridization arrays were used to identify recurrent amplifications associated with clonal evolution, and identified Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 4A3 (PRL3) as being genomically amplified in 30% of clones with elevated LPC frequency and growth. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that 90% of clones with high LPC frequency and growth expressed high levels of PRL-3, suggesting additional genetic pathways likely activate PRL3. PRL-3 was also genomically amplified in a subset of human T-ALL and highly expressed in 58% of primary T-ALL patient samples, suggesting that this phosphatase is an important and previously undefined driver of human T-ALL. PRL3 has not been previously associated with leukemia progression or survival, although it is expressed in Multiple Myeloma and Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. PRL3 knock-down in human T-ALL significantly reduced the viability of cell lines in vitro and in xenograft models (p Citation Format: Jessica Blackburn, Aleksey Molodtsov, Riadh Lobbardi, Finola Moore, David Langenau. The tyrosine phosphatase PRL3 as a novel drug target in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Hematologic Malignancies: Translating Discoveries to Novel Therapies; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(17 Suppl):Abstract nr A16.
Predictive Current Method Control for Novel HVDC under Three Phase Voltage Unbalanced Condition

Because the connecting modes are very flexible and diversified,VSC-HVDC will face the problems such as three-phase unbalanced condition that will affect the normal operation of the whole system,especially it connects to the low voltage dispatched grids.Dual current closed loop control method can solve the problem,but it too complicated.So the predictive current method was presented in this paper to solve the problem eventually.This method can control the VSC-HVDC system simply and achieve perfect effect at the same time.The final simulation results show excellent performance of the proposed control strategy for the VSC-HVDC under unbalanced condition.
Site-Selective Synthesis of 15N- and 13C-Enriched Flavin Mononucleotide Coenzyme Isotopologues

Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) is a coenzyme for numerous proteins involved in key cellular and physiological processes. Isotopically labeled flavin is a powerful tool for studying the structure and mechanism of flavoenzyme-catalyzed reactions by a variety of techniques, including NMR, IR, Raman, and mass spectrometry. In this report, we describe the preparation of labeled FMN isotopologues enriched with 15N and 13C isotopes at various sites in the pyrazine and pyrimidine rings of the isoalloxazine core of the cofactor from readily available precursors by a five-step chemo-enzymatic synthesis.
SET Detection and Compensation and Its Application in PLL Design

This paper presents a new charge compensation (CC) scheme to mitigate single event transient (SET) effect at the output node of the charge pump (CP), the most SET vulnerable node in a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL). It achieves a 4X less SET-induced voltage disturbance at the ring oscillator control node as well as a faster PLL recovery time. During the normal operation, the CC circuit does not affect the PLL dynamics. Its control block ensures that the CC circuit is enabled only when the CP output voltage is disturbed by SET strikes. This avoids the conflict between SET charge compensation and normal PLL phase correction. The PLL covers a 12.5 MHz to 500 MHz tuning range with a root-mean-square (RMS) jitter of 4.9 ps. It consumes 21.5 mW of power under a 1.5 V power supply. The CC circuit consumes 4.5 mW power and occupies 5.3% of the PLL area.
Inside the discipline, outside the paradigm: keeping track of the New Art History

From the point of view of a student of art history in the 1980s re-entering the discipline as a graduate student, the ‘new’ art history represents a dramatically wider field of enquiry involving new methodologies, although ‘old’ art history is still pursued by some academics. The ‘new’ art history employs an interdisciplinary approach which embraces materials far beyond ‘traditional’ art historical sources, and so information has to be sought outside the art library and via the Internet. Librarians responsible for supporting art history studies need to keep in touch with teachers, with curriculum developments, and with the discipline itself; it may also be helpful to get involved in staff/student use of the Web, and to collaborate with other Humanities librarians. The way in which the ‘new’ art history branches out in all directions parallels the hypertext linkages of the Web and the complexity of our globally-connected world.
Stalin and the Struggle for Supremacy in Eurasia: Borderlands in Civil War and Intervention

Stalin's higher education in foreign policy took place during the Civil War when the line between state-building and revolution became blurred. To defend and if possible expand the territorial base of the revolution, to ward off the intervention of foreign powers, to create an international revolutionary movement and to improvise the rudiments of state power were, for the Bolsheviks, all parts of the same process. Yet individual leaders invested their energies and passions in different aspects of it. As a member of the Politburo, Stalin was naturally involved in major foreign policy decisions, but his main field of action was as a member of the Revolutionary War Council and Commissar of Nationalities. Initially, he took no active part in the Commissariats of Foreign Affairs and the Comintern – the two political centers of diplomacy and revolutionary action outside the old tsarist frontiers. Stalin did not appear at a Comintern Congress until 1924. During the Civil War, Stalin learned to trust only those forces over which he could exercise direct personal control: that is, the party organizations and the army units under his command. Lenin and Trotsky also valued disciplined political and military organizations but, unlike Stalin, who relied on them exclusively for his success, Lenin and Trotsky did not discount the importance of coordinating the activities of the Red Army and the Russian Communist Party with local and republic party organizations. After four years of Civil War and Intervention, Stalin concluded that the Soviet nationalities policy (that is, his policy) was the key to “a fundamental improvement of relations between Turkey, Persia, Afghanistan, India and other neighboring eastern states with Russia which formerly was considered a bugbear of these countries.” Indeed, “without a systematic working out within the Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic of the aforementioned nationalities policy in the course of four years of the existence of Soviet power this fundamental change in the attitude of neighboring countries to Russia would be unimaginable.” After the October revolution, when the territory controlled by the Bolsheviks shrank to the old Muscovite core, the recurrent problem of incorporating the former tsarist borderlands emerged again in acute form.
The Role of Relational Contracts in Inter-Firm Relationships: Theory and Evidence on Multiunit Franchising

This paper develops a model of relational contracting to help explain the prevalence of multiunit franchising; a phenomenon not fully understood in the literature. The model is used to derive a key prediction, which is that franchise systems with a greater propensity to engage in multiunit franchising will feature greater mutual cooperation between franchisor and franchisees. Evidence for this prediction is found in data on franchisee-franchisor litigation outcomes from a sample of franchise disclosures.
Fission Product Iodine and Cesium Release Behavior Under Light Water Reactor Accident Conditions

The release behavior of the fission products iodine and cesium has been characterized in fission product release tests that have been conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory with highly irradiated, light water reactor fuel segments under conditions simulating severe accidents. The chemical forms of the fission products depended on the composition of the carrier gases used in the tests. In purified helium or steam-helium-hydrogen atmospheres, the behavior of the released iodine was characteristic of cesium iodide, whereas that of the cesium, which was not associated with cesium iodide, was characteristic of cesium oxide in the helium atmosphere and of cesium hydroxide in the steam-helium-hydrogen atmosphere. In the dry-air tests, iodine appeared to be in elemental form and cesium in the oxide form. In the steam-helium-hydrogen tests, the released cesium (other than CsI) significantly reacted with and was retained by hot oxidized stainless steel, zirconia, and silica surfaces. In contrast, cesium iodide appeared to be unaffected by these surfaces.
Exploring Western and non-Western epistemological influences in South Africa: theorising a critical democratic citizenship education

AbstractMy decade-long research on democracy and schooling in a Xhosa township has led to an examination of epistemological influences on democratic citizenship from Western and non-Western (i.e. African) perspectives. While Max Weber advanced the notion of an autonomous citizen within Western democratic states, different philosophical and cultural assumptions operate in South Africa, where the individual is viewed as not separate from, but rather embedded in, the community into which one is born. This theoretical position – a person is a person through other people (isiXhosa proverb) – serves as a thoughtful starting point for theorising a critical democratic citizenship education. This article explores Western and non-Western influences through scholarly literature and practitioner perspectives. The goal is to consider the convergences and divergences between Western and indigenous knowledge with ubuntu (humanness), an African moral ethic, as its key construct.