cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hyperproduction of an intracellular heterologous protein in a sacUh mutant of Bacillus subtilis

The sacR regulatory region which controls inducible expression of sacB, the gene for extracellular levansucrase, was isolated on a 500-bp fragment of Bacillus subtilis chromosomal DNA. The region was separated into two components: a 325-bp fragment which carries a constitutive promoter and a 175-bp fragment which carries a stem-loop structure presumably involved in the induction process. The constitutive sacR promoter was used to drive expression of the plasmid-borne xylE gene, coding for intracellular catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O), with its Pseudomonas ribosome-binding site, in otherwise isogenic sacU-, sacU+ and sacUh mutant strains of B. subtilis. Mutations at the sacU locus have been previously shown to affect multiple cell functions, particularly production of extracellular enzymes. The presence of the sacUh mutation allowed for hyperproduction of C23O to levels exceeding 25% of total cellular protein. This represents a 50- to 100-fold enhancement over levels observed in sacU- and sacU+ host cells. A 5- to 10-fold improvement of C23O production in sacUh cells was observed when the subtilisin (aprA) promoter was used in place of sacR. In contrast, a bacteriophage T5 synthetic promoter was found to be independent of host strain for high-level synthesis of C23O. Hyperproduction of an intracellular protein in sacUh cells suggests that enhancement of exoenzyme production, previously observed in these mutants, occurs prior to the secretion event. Therefore, hyperproduction is most likely due to elevated transcription or translation of specific nucleotide sequences.
MAPKs: new JNK expands the group

Abstract Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are activated by dual phosphorylation on threonine and tyrosine in response to a wide array of extracellular stimuli. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , a series of MAPK signal transduction pathways have been demonstrated to control many cellular functions. By contrast, mammalian MAPKs are more poorly understood. However, recent studies have established important roles for three separate groups of mammalian MAPKs, which are characterized by distinct dual phosphorylation motifs. Together, these protein kinases mediate signal transduction in mammalian tissues and control many aspects of cellular physiology.
Riparian swallows as integrators of landscape change in a multiuse river system: implications for aquatic-to-terrestrial transfers of contaminants.

Abstract Recent research has highlighted the transfer of contaminants from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems via predation of aquatic emergent insects by riparian consumers. The influence of adjacent land use and land cover (LULC) on aquatic-to-terrestrial contaminant transfer, however, has received limited attention. From 2010 to 2012, at 11 river reaches in the Scioto River basin (OH, USA), we investigated the relationships between LULC and selenium (Se) and mercury (Hg) concentrations in four species of riparian swallows. Hg concentrations in swallows were significantly higher at rural reaches than at urban reaches ( t = − 3.58, P df = 30), whereas Se concentrations were positively associated with adjacent land cover characterized by mature tree cover ( R 2 = 0.49, P = 0.006). To an extent, these relationships appear to be mediated by swallow reliance on aquatic emergent insects. For example, tree swallows ( Tachycineta bicolor ) at urban reaches exhibited a higher proportion of aquatic prey in their diet, fed at a higher trophic level, and exhibited elevated Se levels. We also found that both Se and Hg concentrations in adult swallows were significantly higher than those observed in nestlings at both urban and rural reaches (Se: t = − 2.83, P = 0.033, df = 3; Hg: t = − 3.22, P = 0.024, df = 3). Collectively, our results indicate that riparian swallows integrate contaminant exposure in linked aquatic–terrestrial systems and that LULC may strongly regulate aquatic contaminant flux to terrestrial consumers.
Increased mortality with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure in adults with myotonic dystrophy type 1

Background Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a neurologic disorder with known cardiac involvement, including left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), heart failure (HF), atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction system disease, and sudden death. We studied the prevalence of these conditions and associated findings in a large population with DM1. Methods History, physical examination, genetic testing, and electrocardiography were performed on 406 patients with DM1, and cardiac imaging was performed on 180 (44.3%) of these patients. Results Left ventricular systolic dysfunction and clinical HF were found in 34 (18.9%) of 180 and in 23 (5.7%) of 406 of enrolled subjects, respectively, yielding an overall prevalence of LVSD/HF in 41 (10.1%) of 406. Increasing age, male sex, electrocardiographic conduction abnormalities, presence of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, and implanted devices were all significantly associated with LVSD/HF, whereas cytosine-thiamine-guanine repeat length and neuromuscular severity score were not. The interval ≥240 milliseconds (relative risk 4.1, 95% CI 1.7-9.6, P = .001) and QRS duration ≥120 milliseconds (relative risk 4.2, 95% CI 2.0-8.5, P P P Conclusions A significant prevalence of LVSD/HF exists in patients with DM1. The presence of LVSD/HF in DM1 is significantly associated with all-cause and cardiac death.
Impact of Medical Therapy on Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure Awaiting Cardiac Transplantation

Abstract Pulmonary artery (PA) hypertension in transplant recipients increases mortality from right heart failure following heart transplantation. We examined the impact of long-term medical therapy on the severity of PA hypertension in patients with end-stage congestive heart failure on a transplant waiting list. The initial and final, quarterly right heart catheterization data on 60 patients (50 men, aged 50 ± 9 years, New York Heart Association class III to IV) awaiting heart transplantation were analyzed and the patients divided into 2 groups: group A, those with persistent elevated systolic PA pressures throughout the 10-month follow-up (n = 31 of 60), and group B, those who had any decrease in systolic PA pressure during that period (n = 29 of 60). Group A had no change in hemodynamics. Group B had a significant decrease (± SD) in right atrial (11 ± 7 to 5 ± 4 mm Hg), PA (57 ± 11 to 37 ± 11 mm Hg), and PA wedge (25 ± 9 to 14 ± 7 mm Hg) pressures, with increases in cardiac output (3.8 ± 0.9 to 4.7 ± 1.1 L/min) and ejection fraction (18 ± 6% to 27 ± 11%) (p
Food quality: Relativity, context and consumer expectations

Abstract Food quality is a complex concept that is frequently measured using objective indices related to the nutritional, microbiological, or physicochemical characteristics of the food or in terms of the opinions of designated experts. However, when food quality is defined in terms of ‘degree of excellence’ none of these measures serve as adequate indices of food quality. The argument is presented that food quality is a consumer-based perceptual/evaluative construct that is relative to person, place and time and that is subject to the same influences of context and expectations as are other perceptual/evaluative phenomena. It is further argued that the measurement construct that comes closest to being an adequate index of food quality is that which has come to be called ‘consumer acceptability.’
Testing commercial protein crystallography sample mounting loops for movement in a cold‐stream

The purpose of this study was to determine the relative stiffness of the more common sample mounting loops used in protein crystallography experiments and to see if they were moving under the influence of the nitrogen cold-stream gas. The `stress test' involved mounting a silicon single crystal onto a loop and seeing how reproducibly a single reflection could be measured at low temperature using a photodiode detector. Once a general ranking of loop stiffness was obtained, crystals of tetragonal lysozyme were mounted in these loops to investigate if data quality was being degraded as a result of cold-stream gas-induced loop motion. Sample motion was assessed using a differential measurement based on data sets taken at two different κ orientations on the same sample. Four of the eight sample mounting loops tested showed evidence of motion in at least one lysozyme data set using typical sample sizes and normal data collection conditions. These results suggest that loop thickness is key to increased stiffness, and factors such as loop design and frozen solvent can also play an important role.
Inspection Capability of Chromeless Phase-Shift Masks for the 90-nm Node

Today's wafer fabs are trying to extend KrF lithography as far as possible and soon, ArF lithography will be in the same situation. To accomplish this extension, many reticle enhancement techniques (RETs) are being investigated for their capability and cost of ownership. In addition to the more common forms of RETs used today (eg. - OPC, EAPSM, etc.), chromeless phase lithography (CPL) is now being considered as a viable solution to achieving higher resolution and better process window. CPL is a type of alternating aperture phase shift mask (AAPSM) that uses minimal or no chrome. The features formed with CPL masks leverage parallel lines of etched and unetched glass to print tighter pitch lines and spaces than were originally possible with binary masks. The need to control glass defects on exposed glass shifter edges puts defect inspection in the critical path for making this technology successful. This study focuses on the practical inspection capability of CPL masks scanning by an automatic inspection tools was achieved. A programmed defect test mask was fabricated, designed for the 90nm lithography node, and inspection techniques were refined to measure the sensitivity across the existing inspection tool base for this technology.
Breast Cancer Ablation: Current Status 2006

The decrease in average size of breast cancer at presentation has spurred interest into less invasive forms of local treatment. Techniques to ablate breast cancer within the breast without surgery are being studied in many countries. Interdisciplinary comprehensive breast centers strive to keep current with new technologies such as ablation. The goal of these efforts is to destroy the breast cancer effectively with minimally invasive methods and in a patient-friendly manner. Current methods of breast cancer ablation are reviewed and compared in effectiveness, ease of use, cost, discomfort, and existing published data. A major hurdle for all methods is to identify proper candidates for targeted ablation. When pretreatment imaging identifies truly unifocal breast cancers, one or more of these methods will be ready to treat these small unifocal cancers effectively.
A Numerical Model for the Equilibrium Shape of Electrified Raindrops

Abstract The model Beard Chuang, using the differential form of Laplace's formula, has been extended to raindrop shapes under the influence of vertical electric fields and drop charges. A finite volume method was used with a boundary-fitted coordinate system to calculate the shape-dependent electric field. The distorted shape was obtained by numerical integration from the upper to lower pole by iteration to achieve the appropriate drop volume and force balance using shape-dependent stresses. The model prediction of the critical electric field for instability is within a few percent of previous models for a stationary drop, but stability was found to be considerably enhanced for raindrops because of the counteracting aerodynamic distortion. The predicted critical fields for larger raindrops, however, are about 2 kV cm−1 higher than found in the wind tunnel measurements of Richards and Dawson. Model raindrop shapes in a strong, electric field show a pronounced extension of the upper pole, and a flattened ba...
The use of high pressure in basic and materials science

There are at least three important applications of the high pressure technique in basic and materials science: (1) to synthesize novel materials not accessible by other techniques, (2) to transform a given material from one phase to another, and (3) to uncover underlying systematics and critically test theoretical concepts. High pressure studies currently enjoy an increasing popularity which is fueled by advances in the notably difficult experimental techniques. In this paper I will attempt to capture some of the current excitement in this field by offering brief synopses of selected experiments. It is noted that the use of high pressures in materials synthesis is clearly underutilized.
Adiabatic motion of auroral particles in a model of the electric and magnetic fields surrounding the Earth

Adiabatic motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields constituting Earth magnetosphere
DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL FUNCTIONS OF SIGNATURE WHISTLES IN BOTTLENOSE DOLPHINS TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS

ABSTRACT Bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus produce individually distinctive signature whistles. Dolphins recognize the signature whistles of animals with which they share a social bond. Signature whistles develop within the first few months of life and are stable for a lifetime. Vocal learning appears to play a role in the development of signature whistles in bottlenose dolphins. The signature whistles of most female dolphins and about half of male dolphins differ from those of their mothers. Some dolphin calves born in captivity develop a signature whistle that matches either man-made whistles or those of an unrelated dolphin. Dolphins retain the ability as adults to imitate the whistles of animals with which they share strong individual-specific social relationships, bonds which may change throughout their lifetime. The exceptional imitative abilities of dolphin infants and the retention of this ability in adults may be related to the maintenance of changing individual specific social relationships...
Possibility of Guided-Neutron-Wave Propagation in Thin Films

The propagation of guided-neutron waves in thin films is discussed and a theory is given for a simple coupling device for exciting such guided-neutron waves by means of neutron beams. The principle is analogous to that used in the construction of optical-prism couplers used to guide laser beams in thin films. The larger divergence of the incident neutron beam drastically lowers the effective coupling efficiency, but the effect should nevertheless be readily observable. A qualitative discussion of Marx's microguide device and its relationship to our problem is also given.
Discourse ethics in the design of educational systems: considerations for design praxis

Discourse ethics, as related to design conversation, is a primary factor in the conceptions, decisions, and actions undertaken in the systems design processes. Considerations for what is ethical as well as who determines the system of ethics that guide the design of a human activity system are questions that must be addressed. In this paper, the author examines the importance of discourse ethics in the design of educational systems, situating ethicality within the conversational nature of social systems design. The author first discusses the ethical responsibility of educational systems design. Second, the author explores design conversation as an ethical human activity system. The author then examines discourse ethics and ethical discourse, concluding with an examination of design praxis as a stance taken by the user–designer who engages critically, reflectively, and intentionally in an inquiry that belongs intrinsically to a project of self-understanding—realize the individual and social ‘self’ through authentic engagements. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methylated 5′-terminal caps of adenovirus type 2 early mRNA: Evidence for at least six 5′-termini

Abstract The 5′-terminal caps of early adenovirus (Ad) 2 mRNA were isolated, fractionated, and compositionally analyzed. Cultured human KB cells were labeled with l -[ methyl - 3 H]methi-onine and 32 Pi from 2 to 7 hr postinfection in the presence of cycloheximide. Labeled RNA was extracted from polysomes and fractionated into poly(A) + and poly(A) − molecules. Viral mRNA was isolated by hybridization to Ad2 DNA, then digested with RNase T2, and cap 1 [m 7 G(5′)ppp(5′)N m pNp] and cap 2 [m 7 G(5′)ppp(5')N m pN m pNp] fractions were isolated by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography in 7 M urea. m 7 G was shown to be located at the 5′ termini of early Ad2 mRNA by periodate oxidation and β elimination. Cap 1 and cap 2 fractions were fractionated by electrophoresis on DEAE-cellulose paper. The cap 1 fraction separated into three major spots ( a , b , and d ), in order of increasing negative charge), and the cap 2 fraction into four major spots ( a , b , c , and d ). The methylated constituents of each spot were determined and used to deduce the number and composition of individual caps. The following results were obtained. Cap 1 structures: Spot a is m 7 GpppU m pN1; b contains m 7 GpppU m pN2 (N1 and N2 are different unmethylated nucleosides) and m 7 GpppA m pN; c is m 7 GpppN ∗m pN, m 7 Gpppm 6 A m pN, and m 7 GpppG m pN (N ∗m is m 2 6 A m or an unknown base-modified 2′- O -methyl nucleoside). Cap 2 structures: Spot a is m 7 Gppp(U m p,N ∗m p)N1; b contains at least two components, combinations of G m , U m , N ∗m , and m 6 A m ; c contains at least two components, combinations of G m , U m , A m , and m 6 A m ; d is at least two components containing combinations of C m , A m , and m 6 A m . No significant differences in methylated constituents were detected in early mRNA repared from infected cells in the presence or absence of cycloheximide. Although we detect at least 13 caps, the minimum number of distinct 5′ termini is 6, because (i) N ∗m could be m 2 6 A m (2′- 0 -methyl N 6 , N 6 -dimethyl adenosine), (ii) m 6 A m and A m could be undermethylated precursors to m 2 6 A m , and (iii) cap 1 structures could represent cap 2 structures without methylation of the penultimate nucleoside. Therefore there may be from 6 to 13 distinct Ad2 early mRNAs, which is interesting considering that only four general areas of the genome (each close to the 3′ end of each early gene block) appear to function as promoters [Berk, A. J., and Sharp, P. A. (1977). Cell 12 , 45–55; Evans, R. M., et al. (1977). Cell 12 , 733–739]. Analysis of KB cell mRNA resolved about 12 cap 1 and 10 cap 2 structures. All Ad2 mRNA cap spots resolved by electrophoresis corresponded in mobility and composition to major cap spots found in cell mRNA. Thus, the methylated caps of early mRNA are similar to those of the host cell. In contrast, most late Ad2 mRNA molecules have an identical cap sequence [Gelinas, R. E., and Robert, R. J. (1977). Cell 11 , 533–544].
Expanding the spectrum of monoclonal light chain deposition disease in muscle.

The classic phenotype of amyloid myopathy consists of mild proximal weakness, macroglossia, a hoarse voice, and muscle pseudohypertrophy or palpable muscle masses.1–3 A less common presentation has been described with more severe progressive weakness without macroglossia or pseudohypertrophy.1,2 Congophilic amyloid deposition can be seen in intramuscular blood vessel walls (i.e., amyloid angiopathy) and also encircling individual myofibers. As both of these findings represent amyloid within muscle, they are both considered amyloid myopathy. In other organs, a distinction is made between parenchymal pericellular amyloid deposition and amyloid angiopathy. A related disorder with interstitial pericellular deposition of noncongophilic light chains has been described in many other organs, often accompanied by amyloid deposition in blood vessels. Unlike intraparenchymal amyloid deposits which are more frequently lambda, light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is characterized most commonly by kappa deposition.4,5 The diagnosis of amyloid myopathy is often delayed, because monoclonal gammopathies are not detected on initial testing and muscle biopsies are frequently nondiagnostic. Additionally, the EMG findings, symptoms, and course can mimic an inflammatory myopathy.6,7 Although there is limited data on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in amyloid myopathy, published literature has stated that amyloidosis should not be included in the differential diagnosis of patients whose MRI scans show significant signal intensity changes within muscles.3 Here we present a patient with progressive proximal lower extremity muscle weakness who was finally diagnosed based on MRI findings atypical for amyloid myopathy, an MRI-directed muscle biopsy revealing unique pathology, and a serum free light chain (FLC) assay confirming a kappa monoclonal gammopathy despite multiple negative serum and urine immunofixations. We review similar published cases and suggest that the spectrum of immunoglobulin deposition in muscle may be similar to other organs, comprising a continuum of parenchymal amyloid deposition, amyloid angiopathy, and noncongophilic light chain deposition. This case also highlights the value of MRI-guided muscle biopsy and the evolving role for serum FLC assays in identifying monoclonal gammopathies.
A Stationary Phase Approach to the Weak Coupling Schrödinger Equation

We study the dynamics of a quantum particle governed by a linear Schrodinger equation with a scaled Gaussian potential. In the weak coupling limit the average dynamics of such a particle can be described by a linear Boltzmann equation. In this work we prove a bound for the rate at which the average dynamics of the quantum particle approach linear Boltzmann equation dynamics. For the so called simple diagrams, we use a stationary phase approach to establish an asymptotic expansion that provides the bound. Our stationary phase approach also provides a simple, formal method for computing the Boltzmann limit. Our work uses and extends results developed by L. Erdos and H.T. Yau.
Treachery by any Other Name A Case Study of the Toshiba Public Relations Crisis

The battle to protect a corporation's image is most fierce during a crisis situation. This article examines one such crisis situation—Toshiba's selling of advanced submarine propeller technology to the Soviet Union. Ware and Linkugel's concept of apologia is used to provide rhetorical insights into Toshiba's handling of the crisis. It is argued that public relations in an image crisis situation should be viewed as a battle for reidentification with the public.
Electrodynamics for moving elastic solids and viscous fluids

A general theory of electrodynamics of moving and deformable media is developed on the basis of the Chu formulation of the Maxwell equations and the general principles of continuum mechanics. From the two-dipole model for polarization and magnetization and the concept of the Lorentz force on electric and magnetic dipoles, the body force, the body couple, and the energy supply of electromagnetic origin are determined explicitly in terms of the dectromagnetic variables. These kinetic quantities appear in the balance equations for the mechanics of deformable bodies, which are coupled to the Maxwell equations. Boundary conditions and constitutive equations which satisfy the principle of objectivity are obtained for polarizable and magnetizable elastic solids and viscous fluids.
Quantification of nitrogen assimilation efficiencies and their use to estimate organic matter consumption by the earthworms Aporrectodea tuberculata (Eisen) and Lumbricus terrestris L.

Earthworms affect nitrogen cycling directly through the consumption and assimilation of organic N and the turnover of N through excretion and mortality. Although earthworms can process large quantities of organic matter, organic-matter consumption by earthworms based on their nitrogen requirements has not been quantified. Organic-matter consumption and the efficiency of nitrogen assimilation by earthworms were determined using 15 N-labelled litter-soil mixtures. Consumption rates were influenced by the type of mixture provided and ranged from 8.5 to 13.2 mg organic matter g ˇ1 earthworm day ˇ1 for Aporrectodea tuberculata (Eisen) and from 1.4 to 2.7 mg g ˇ1 day ˇ1 for Lumbricus terrestris L. Consumption rates of 15 Nlabelled soyabean‐soil mixtures ( 15 N-SOY) were higher than 15 N-labelled ryegrass‐soil mixtures ( 15 N-RYE). The addition of glucose to 15 N-labelled soyabean‐soil mixtures ( 15 N-SOYaG) to stimulate microbial activity did not influence the consumption rate by A. tuberculata or L. terrestris compared to the 15 N-SOY mixture. However, the addition of glucose to 15 N-labelled ryegrass‐soil mixtures ( 15 N-RYEaG) significantly increased the consumption rate of A. tuberculata by 36% compared to the 15 N-RYE mixture. The efficiency of nitrogen assimilation from the 15 N-labelled mixtures ranged from 10.0% to 25.8% for A. tuberculata and from 25.4% to 30.1% for L. terrestris. A. tuberculata had lower efficiency of nitrogen assimilation from the 15 N-RYE mixture than from all other mixtures. However, there was no difference in the efficiency of nitrogen assimilation from 15 N-labelled mixtures by L. terrestris. The efficiencies of nitrogen assimilation and estimates of the nitrogen flux from A. tuberculata and L. terrestris populations in manure-amended and inorganically fertilized corn agroecosystems were used to estimate system-level consumption of organic matter by earthworms. Based on hypothetical diets, we estimated that earthworms consumed 11.8 to 17.1 Mg organic matter ha ˇ1 year ˇ1 , which was equivalent to 19‐24% of the total organic matter in crop residues and the top 15 cm of soil each year. # 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Practical experience in enterprise terminology management

With the exponential increase of available, incoming data to a biopharmaceutical company, the need for consistent cross functional vocabularies is heightened. The use of effective vocabularies characterizing incoming data is one of the largest contributors to increasing data quality used for analytics and signal intelligence. This paper will describe challenges and methodologies used with business functions to develop sustainable vocabularies and vocabulary management processes. In addition, it will describe novel methods of developing cross functional vocabulary linkages for front-end processing and analytics as well as back-end signal intelligence.
Impacts of Typhoon Track and Island Topography on the Heavy Rainfalls in Taiwan Associated with Morakot (2009)

AbstractCloud-resolving ensemble simulations and sensitivity experiments utilizing the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) are performed to investigate the dynamics and predictability of the record-breaking rainfall and flooding event in Taiwan induced by Typhoon Morakot (2009). It is found that a good rainfall forecast foremost requires a good track forecast during Morakot’s landfall. Given a good track forecast, interaction of the typhoon circulation with complex topography in southern Taiwan plays a dominant role in producing the observed heavy rainfalls. The terrain slope, strength of the horizontal winds, and mid–lower-tropospheric moisture content in the southwesterly upslope flow are the primary factors that determine the rainfall location and intensity, as elucidated by the idealized one-dimensional precipitation-rate forecast model. The typhoon circulation and the southwesterly monsoon flow transport abundant moisture into southern Taiwan, which produces the heavy rainfall through intera...
Robust Adaptive Attitude Tracking on ${\rm SO}(3)$ With an Application to a Quadrotor UAV

This brief describes robust adaptive tracking control systems for the attitude dynamics of a rigid body. Both the attitude dynamics and the proposed control system are globally expressed on the special orthogonal group, to avoid complexities and ambiguities associated with other attitude representations, such as Euler angles or quaternions. By designing an adaptive law for the inertia matrix of a rigid body, the proposed control system can asymptotically follow an attitude command without the knowledge of the inertia matrix, and it is extended to guarantee boundedness of tracking errors in the presence of unstructured disturbances. These are illustrated by the experimental results of the attitude dynamics of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle.
Rural–urban disparities in use of post-lumpectomy radiation

We hypothesized that breast cancer (BCa) patients in urban counties would have higher rates of post-lumpectomy radiation therapy (RT) relative to patients in near-metro and rural counties. We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to identify women diagnosed with BCa treated with lumpectomy in the Sacramento area between 2000 and 2006. Patient counties were categorized as urban and near-metro. Multivariate logistic regression models predicted treatment with RT. Likelihood of undergoing RT was reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Of 7,953 patients meeting entry criteria, 5,858 (73.7 %) underwent RT. On multivariate analysis, patients from near-metro (OR, 0.66; CI, 0.59–0.75; P < 0.001) and rural (OR 0.39, CI 0.30–0.52; P < 0.001) areas had a decreased likelihood of undergoing RT relative to patients from urban areas. Patients from near-metro and rural areas are less likely to receive RT following lumpectomy for BCa than their urban counterparts.
Modeling and Verifying Configuration in Service Deployment

When deploying a service, software systems required by the service should be configured correctly. However, since software has tens or hundreds of configuration parameters and the parameters of different software may have simple or complex, explicit or implicit dependencies and constraints, to configure multiple software systems in service deployment becomes a difficult, error-prone and time-consuming task. In this paper, we propose a model based approach to automated configuration. Motivated by two real cases found in IBM software products and solutions, our approach has three contributions. Firstly, a meta-model of configuration, called software resource configuration model, is defined for integrating configuration parameters and experiences of different software into a global model. Secondly, a set of configuration rules are designed for verifying incorrect configuration that violates constraints specified by service deployment engineers. Thirdly, a supporting tool, called Comfort, is implemented and evaluated by the motivating cases.
Homogeneous time-invariant systems

It is well known that linear time-invariant (LTI) systems produce exponential outputs in response to exponential inputs. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the fact that the same result holds for the broader class of homogeneous time-invariant (HTI) systems, though the concept of a frequency response is of little use for such systems.
Bone transport in acute trauma

The management of segmental deficiency of bone in the acutely traumatized patient requires careful consideration of all treatment alternatives. Traditional options include amputation and prosthetic reconstruction. as well as skeletal stabilization and flap coverage of soft tissue defects, followed by vascularized or non-vascularized bone grafting. An exciting new technique for reconstruction of acute skeletal defects is bone transport. Although bone transport offers reconstructive options not previously possible, the procedure is complex and time consuming, and patient selection is important.
Magellan: a mission to map Venus

Summary form only given. It was pointed out that not until Magellan has there been sufficient resolution to begin defining Venusian surface evolution processes. The Magellan Mission will cover at least 70% of the surface with resolution as good as 120 m. or an order of magnitude better than the best previous results. The mission provides an excellent example of economic and technical tradeoffs, involving radar system design, spacecraft design, mission design, and operational complexity. >
Donor Myocardial Infarction Impairs the Therapeutic Potential of Bone Marrow Cells by an Interleukin-1–Mediated Inflammatory Response

Delivery of bone marrow cells (BMCs) to the heart has substantially improved cardiac function in most rodent models of myocardial infarction (MI), but clinical trials of BMC therapy have led to only modest improvements. Rodent models typically involve intramyocardial injection of BMCs from distinct donor individuals who are healthy. In contrast, autologous BMCs from individuals after MI are used for clinical trials. Using BMCs from donor mice after MI, we discovered that recent MI impaired BMC therapeutic efficacy. MI led to myocardial inflammation and an increased inflammatory state in the bone marrow, changing the BMC composition and reducing their efficacy. Injection of a general anti-inflammatory drug or a specific interleukin-1 inhibitor to donor mice after MI prevented this impairment. Our findings offer an explanation of why human trials have not matched the success of rodent experiments and suggest potential strategies to improve the success of clinical autologous BMC therapy.
Magnetically responsive droplet interface bilayer networks

This work explores incorporating ferrofluids with droplet interface bilayer (DIB) membranes. Ferrofluids contain magnetic nanoparticles in solution with a stabilizing surfactant, providing a magnetically-responsive fluid. These fluids allow for remote mechanical manipulation of ferrofluid droplets through magnetic fields, and will allow for better control over the characteristics of networks of stimuli-responsive cellular membranes created through by DIB technique.This work involves several phases. First, a suitable biocompatible ferrofluid is synthesized, containing a neutral pH and a biocompatible surfactant. Once a proper ferrofluid is identified, it is tested as the aqueous phase for the creation of DIB membranes. Interfacial membranes between ferrofluid droplets are created and compared to non-ferrofluid DIB membranes. The interfacial membrane between two ferrofluid droplets was tested for leakage and stability, and the electrical characteristics of the interfacial membrane were studied and compared to non-ferrofluid DIB membranes.Once it is confirmed that the ferrofluid droplets do not negatively interfere with the formation of the artificial cellular membranes through the electrical measurements, the magnetically-responsive nature of the ferrofluid droplets are used to form large networks of DIB membranes through a simple magnetic field. These networks are easy to assemble and may be remotely manipulated, providing a significant step towards the rapid and simple assembly of DIB networks advancing towards the tissue scale.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Three Ecologies of Consumption: Practicing the Economy Differently

Drawing on Felix Guattari, the paper argues that our political responses to environmental problems would not change unless we begin to recognize that environmental degradation concerns all three ecological registers: the environment, social relations, and human subjectivity. The paper builds on Guattari’s ideas about the link between economy and subjectivity. It seeks to develop his idea that the modern consumer self emerges at the interface of multiple components of subjectification. Guattari describes well the end product of such processes of “capitalization” of subjectivity but tells us very little about its genesis. By placing Polanyi, Foucault, Deleuze, Bennett, and Escobar into conversation, the paper examines the components that manufacture modern capitalist subjects along with self-regulating markets and commodities. The paper proposes a new optic of polyeconomies that engages these components of subjectification. By making visible diverse economies in Africa and South America, this optic enables us to articulate an anti-essentialist notion of the economy as a more-than-human domain. The economy can be viewed both as something that we do as human participants in complex more-than-human assemblages and something that is done to us by the conjoint action of other “economy-makers” and participants in these assemblages. This optic of polyeconomies enables us to map out new ways of practicing the economy that are more compatible with a logic of non-hierarchy, eco-egalitarianism, and respect for cultural and bio-diversity.
Effects of Relaxin on the Mechanical Properties of Collagen Rich Tissues

A collagenous scar capsule forms around biomaterial implants and for deformable implants such as a breast prosthesis, this phenomenon of capsular scar contracture may lead to deformation and hardening of the implant. Relaxin, a peptide hormone of pregnancy which is known to affect collagen rich tissues, was given to mice in an attempt to eliminate or lessen this contracture. A short (8 day) study was performed to observe the effects of relaxin and estrogen on the mechanical properties of Skin and the interpubic ligament. A longer (27 day) study observed the effects of relaxin in estrogen primed mice containing implants. Changes in skin, interpubic ligament, scar capsule and contracture phenomenon were noted. Stress-strain characterization, dynamic mechanical spectroscopy and light microscopy were used to characterize the effects of relaxin and estradiol on the contracture phenomenon. Qualitatively, relaxin given to estrogen primed mice was shown to lessen implant contracture and deformability. Administration of relaxin produced the documented changes in the interpubic ligament, but differences were noted between the 8 and 27 day studies. Differences in the failure stress and strain and modulus for the long implant and short non-implant study were noted for the relaxin treated mice.
Incremental channelization

Channelization is the problem of forming multicast groups from inputs of a set of flows, a set of users and a set of user preferences, along with an upper bound on the number of groups. Channelization aims to construct groups such that the network cost is substantially smaller than using a single multicast group which delivers all flows to all users. In this paper we introduce an incremental version of channelization wherein the input may change over time. When such a change occurs, one approach is to totally recompute the channelization solution. In contrast, in the incremental approach taken here, the solution for the original channelization instance is updated to become a solution for the modified channelization instance. The goal is to produce a solution of high quality in substantially less time than it would take to do a full recomputation. In this context we study incremental channelization problems corresponding to adding a flow and adding a user. For these two problems we provide complexity results and incremental algorithms. Specifically we show: 1) that natural incremental approaches are NP-hard; 2) that approximating the optimal solution within a log factor is unlikely; and 3) give a greedy algorithm with a performance within a log factor of the optimal (in light of our result 2, this is the best possible approximation result). In addition to the theoretical results, a case study is given for the problem of adding a flow, providing simulation results comparing the effectiveness of the solutions produced by our incremental algorithms with solutions from algorithms doing full recomputation.
Becoming Mexipino: Multiethnic Identities and Communities in San Diego. By Rudy P. Guevarra, Jr.

(2013). Becoming Mexipino: Multiethnic Identities and Communities in San Diego. By Rudy P. Guevarra, Jr. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 39, 2013 Open Issue featuring Chol Soo Lee Forum, pp. 138-141.
The German Problem: 1945–1950

Schwarz's study Vom Reich zur Bundesrepublik is, in the opinion of this reviewer, the single most important book on the occupation studyperiod in Germany after World War II that has yet appeared. It is not an ordinary narrative history—indeed, it presupposes a good deal of prior knowledge—but is rather a topical analysis of the following problems: the various possible solutions to the German question in the years after 1945; the policies toward Germany of the four victorious powers—Russia, France, Britain, and the United States; the development of German attitudes on the future political orientation of one or two Germanies; and finally, the factors that led to the voluntary acceptance of Western integration by most West Germans even though this integration meant the partition of Germany.
Distribution of High Temperature and Stratagem of Rice Production in Hunan

This article uses the average temperature and the tallest temperature datas from 1970-2000 of Hunan,analysis their time and spaces distributes of temperature,Uses the temperature numbers as main standard,divided the heat district of Hunan,uses its time and spaces distributes,put forward the stratagem on the rice production.
Does early bird catch the worm or a lower GPA? Evidence from a liberal arts college

ABSTRACTResearch in psychology has shown that early morning classes are not conducive to learning because of the peculiar sleep cycles of adolescents and young adults that cause them to be especially groggy in the morning. Our study examines the relationship between the times that classes are offered and the grades that students in these classes earn at a highly selective liberal arts college. Our main findings are that morning classes are harmful for student achievement. Grades are especially lower for classes that were scheduled at 8 am and 9 am. Moreover, while students of both genders are adversely affected by early morning courses, the effects are particularly pronounced for male students. This institution assigns students randomly to different sections of the same course, thus creating a quasi-natural experiment and enabling us to control for unobserved characteristics of students. In addition, we include student and faculty fixed effects.
Seismic Performance and Response of Seismically Isolated Curved Steel I-Girder Bridge

AbstractA 0.4-scale model of a three-span, seismically isolated, curved steel I-girder bridge was tested on multiple shake tables. The isolation system consisted of 12 lead-rubber isolators. The bridge is highly curved with total subtended angle equal to 104° (1.8 radians). The objectives of this study were: (1) investigate the effect of curvature on the seismic response of an isolated bridge, (2) evaluate the performance of reinforced concrete (R/C) columns during the design-level earthquake using seismic isolation, and (3) determine the failure limit states of an isolated bridge under extreme shaking. It was found that the horizontal curvature had little effect on the response of the isolators but it did cause asymmetry in the seismic response resulting in higher lateral displacements in the abutment isolators. Elastic performance was achieved in the R/C columns at the design earthquake level, with no concrete spalling in potential plastic hinge zones and only minor surface cracking. Essentially elastic...
Short- and Long-Distance Big Data Transmission: Tendency, Challenge Issues and Enabling Technologies

Big data is playing an important role in daily life and has developed into a new subject. Especially, an efficient big data transmission is the foundation. This is because even with a high-efficient data analysis, a limited transmission speed still cannot satisfy the requirement of real-time big data. In this article, we first make an extensive analysis on the tendency of investing short- and long-distance big data transmission, and then summarize future challenge issues urgently to be solved: (1) in short-distance big data transmission, MapReduce well satisfies the requirement of big data processing, and it will be integrated with an optical-wireless hybrid data center network. The seamless convergence of wireless and optical subnets with different physical devices and protocols cannot be ignored; (2) to mitigate the pressures of data analysis and link capacity expansion caused by using traditional transparent-bit-rate transmission, the correlated data transmission should be considered. Some enabling technologies are proposed by us for solving the challenge issues above, along with simulation results that will guide the future work.
Gigantic lamnoid shark vertebra from the Lower Cretaceous Kiowa Shale of Kansas

Fossil sharks are represented primarily by isolated teeth. Teeth are usually used for classification of extinct sharks, but their vertebrae may provide interesting paleoecological and taphonomical information even if not in association with teeth (e.g., Lucas et al., 1985; Gottfried, 1995). In this paper, I describe an isolated centrum of a shark vertebra from the Lower Cretaceous Kiowa Shale in Kansas, housed in the University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History (KUVP), Lawrence. A precise taxonomic assignment for this Kiowa shark is difficult because of its isolated occurrence, lack of large comparative collections of fossil shark vertebrae found in association with teeth, and poorly known morphological variation of fossil shark vertebrae. However, the specimen is noteworthy, because it is the largest Mesozoic shark vertebra known to date.
Raman Spectra of the Alkali Azides: K N 3 , Rb N 3 , Cs N 3

The first-order Raman spectra of K${\mathrm{N}}_{3}$, Rb${\mathrm{N}}_{3}$, and Cs${\mathrm{N}}_{3}$, all of which possess a body-centered tetragonal crystal structure with the symmetry of the space group $\frac{{D}_{4h}^{18}\ensuremath{-}I4}{\mathrm{mcm}}$, have been measured at room and liquid-nitrogen temperatures. The five Raman-active phonons predicted by group theory have been observed and assigned on the basis of the scattering tensors.
Journal Clubs in Sports Medicine Fellowship Programs: Results From a National Survey and Recommendations for Quality Improvement.

BACKGROUND Journal club is a pervasive component of graduate medical education, yet there is no gold standard as to format and logistics. METHODS Survey of primary care sports medicine fellowship directors in the United States. RESULTS Sixty-nine program directors completed the online questionnaire (40% response rate). There were some common aspects to journal club exhibited by a majority of programs, including the general format, required attendance by fellows and expected or required attendance by faculty, the expectation that participants had at least read the article before the meeting, and that meetings occurred during the workday in the work setting without provision of food. There was considerable variation on other aspects, including the objectives of journal club, who had primary responsibility for organizing the session, the criteria for selection of articles, who was invited to attend, and the perceived problems with journal club. CONCLUSIONS This is the first survey investigating the current state of journal club in primary care sports medicine fellowship programs. Several opportunities for educational enhancements exist within journal clubs in primary care sports medicine, including the use of structured tools to guide discussion, providing mechanisms to evaluate the journal club experience as a whole, inviting multidisciplinary team members (eg, statisticians) to discussions, and ensuring that objectives are explicitly stated to participants.