cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does the Act Predict “Inside the Box” Thinking or Creativity?: Creative Characters in the Personality Imagination Exercise:

College Admissions Tests are designed to predict academic achievement in college but their use is often criticized as being biased toward selecting uncreative students who think “inside the box” and whose learning is superficial. The empirical literature hints that standardized tests do predict creative outcomes, although not as well as they predict achievement. However, few studies have examined actual creative products devised by college students. With a sample of 116 college students, the present study tested whether admission test scores on the American College Testing program exam (ACT) were predictive of a creative writing task involving the imagination of personalities. For comparison with the ACT, we used the Big Five Inventory as a personality predictor of creativity with a particular focus on Openness to Experience. The activity took place several years after students took the ACT. Results showed that the ACT and Openness predicted the Personality Imagination Exercise but both were mediated by v...
Rhizopus and Chlamydomucor strains surveyed for milk-clotting, amylolytic, and antibiotic activities.

SUMMARY Nine strains of Chlamydomucor oryzae and 347 strains of Rhizopus, representing 10 species, were grown in rice flour and wheat flour media. When grown on wheat flour medium, nearly all strains exhibited amylolytic activity and more than 300 strains showed milk-clotting activity. Almost all strains of R. arrhizus exhibited antibiotic activity against NRRL B-765 Bacillus subtilis. The 23 strains of R. stolonifer showed none of these activities. Renninlike proteinases from microorganisms have attracted interest in the past few years as possible substitutes for rennin in making cheese. Many isolates of various species of fungi have been surveyed for a milk-clotting enzyme (1-7). Those found to produce milk-clotting enzyme include members of the Mucorales, Ascomycetes, and Fungi Imperfecti. Arima and Iwasaki (1) and Arima et al. (2) listed 18 species and three varieties of Rhizopus that produced milk-clotting enzymes. We consider many of the names they listed to be synonyms and probably represent six species; namely, R. oryzae, R. chinensis, R. stolonifer, R. niveus, R. arrhizus, and R. hangchao. Wang and Hesseltine (9) studied the extracellular proteolytic enzymes of R. oligosporus. In 1969, Wang et al. (10) published the results of screening 44 strains of Rhizopus. Their strains represented R. oligosporus, R. stolonifer, R. oryzae, and R. arrhizus. Our purpose was to: (a) extenrd the survey to include more strains and species of Rhizopus, as well as nine strains of Chlamydomucor oryzae; (b) find strains that produce large amounts of milk-clotting enzyme; and (c) evaluate production of this enzyme as a taxonomic characteristic. We also recorded and evaluated amylolytic and antibiotic activities of the fermentation liquors.
The Effects of Malapportionment on Cabinet Inclusion: Subnational Evidence from India

Malapportionment doubly penalizes people from relatively large electoral districts or constituencies by under-representing them in the legislature and in the political executive or cabinet. The latter effect has not been studied. This article develops theoretical reasons for large constituency disadvantage in the cabinet formation process, and tests them using a new repeated cross-sectional dataset on elections and cabinet formation in India’s states, from 1977–2007. A one-standard-deviation increase in relative constituency size is associated with a 22 per cent fall in the probability of a constituency’s representative being in the cabinet. Malapportionment affects cabinet inclusion by causing large parties to focus on winning relatively small constituencies. These effects are likely to hold in parliamentary systems, and in other contexts where the legislature influences cabinet inclusion.
263 EPOETIN ALFA AND ITS NONERYTHROPOIETIC DERIVATIVE, CARBAMYLERYTHROPOIETIN, STIMULATE CHEMOTAXIS OF CIRCULATING ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS VIA INTRACELLULAR NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION.

Epoetin alfa (EPO) and its nonerythropoietic derivative, carbamylerythropoietin (CEPO), have been recently shown, in various animal models, to have protective effects on cardiac and brain tissue. CEPO does not stimulate red blood cell production and therefore is devoid of prothrombotic side effects. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are hematopoietic stem cells that enter peripheral circulation and play a role in vascular repair during myocardial and cerebral ischemia, with the chemokine stromal-derived factor (SDF-1) being a key regulator of their homing. We studied the EPO and CEPO effects on EPC chemotaxis and intracellular nitric oxide (NO) production. Peripheral mononuclear cells from 11 volunteers were incubated with 20 U/mL EPO and 30 U/mL CEPO for 12 hours, followed by isolation of EPC from EPO-treated and control samples. Chemotaxis assay to 100 nM SDF-1 was performed in a 96-well Neuroprobe chemotaxis chamber for 4.5 hours. Intracellular NO production was measured in real time by laser confocal microscopy with DAF-FM diacetate. Pretreatment with EPO and CEPO resulted in significant increase in EPC chemotaxis to SDF-1 (26.57 ± 10.41% and 30.6 ± 11.09% vs 17.43 ± 5.16% of the control cells migrating). In search for mechanisms of EPO effect on chemotaxis, we evaluated intracellular NO, a known mediator of endothelial cell migration. Pretreatment with EPO and CEPO increased the bioavailabe NO within EPC above baseline (2,172 ± 321.04 and 2,223.68 ± 413.0 vs 1,227.56 ± 590.68). In addition, acute incubation with EPO increased the rate of intracellular NO production threefold (56.15 ± 17.49 vs19.52 ± 20.4 relative fluorescence units per 10 minutes, p = .023). When we partially blocked intracellular NO synthase by l-NAME to bring NO content in EPO-treated EPC to a control level, the migratory ability of these cells also diminished (26.57 ± 10.41% vs 21.2 ± 7.2% of the cells migrating). These results suggest that both EPO and CEPO may play a role in vascular repair by activating intracellular NO production with a resulting increase in EPC migration to the site of ischemic injury. It may in part explain the protective effect of EPO and CEPO on cardiac and brain tissue in a setting of acute ischemia.
Recovery of aluminum, iron and lithium from spent lithium iron phosphate batteries

The separation and recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium iron phosphate batteries were investigated. Based on different physical and chemical properties among the current collectors, active materials and binder, high-temperature calcination, alkali dissolution and dilute acid leaching with stirring screening, were used to study the separation of active materials from current collectors. The results show that more than 92% of aluminum can be removed by alkali dissolution, leaching efficiency of more than 95% of iron could be achieved when H2SO4+H2O2solution is used, and more than 80% of lithium in the remaining solution is recovered as lithium carbonate by the addition of saturated sodium carbonate solution at 90 ℃.
MRI evaluation on the treatment of acute cerebral infarction of cat with the combination of bFGF and GbE

Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of bFGF and GbE on acute cerebral infarction with MR imaging.Methods:Forty healthy adult cats were equally and randomly devided into 4 groups.All animals were operated to establish the feline models of cerebral focal ischemia-reperfusion by left transorbital approach.They were injected with sodium chloride intravenously for group A,bFGF for group B,GbE for group C and bFGF+GbE for group D.MR scans performed after operation,included T1WI,T2WI,FLAIR,DWI.Philips's criteria score were evaluated on the cats.Result:The neurological defects score in group D is remarkably lower than that in group B and C.The lesion on T1WI,T2WI,FLAIR,DWI showed more milder.The area of infarct formation were smaller than that in group B and C through the comparison between the ADC images and T2WI images(T2WI-ADC).Conclusion:The treatment results in group D was better than that in group B and C.Both bFGF and GbE can enhance each other's therapeutic effects.MR imaging could show the therapeutic effect of bFGF and GbE,especially the T2WI-ADC was an important item to evaluate the therapeutic effects.
Aluminum alloys for motor windings

During the last few years, several developments have aroused great interest in the electrical industry. Two of the most important are: (1) the increasing price of copper; and (2) the development of new aluminum alloys for wire. A quick comparison of costs of aluminum and copper ingot or redraw rod since 1940 (Figure 1) clearly shows the economic reasons for replacing copper with aluminum in conductor applications. Even though there have been fluctuations, the cost advantage of aluminum is apparent.
Increased High-Temperature IC Packaging Reliability Using Die Extraction and Additive Manufacturing Assembly

Abstract Semiconductor parts are most often specified for use in the “commercial” 0 to 70°C and, to a lesser extent, in the “industrial” −40 to 85°C operating temperature range. These operating temperature ratings generally satisfy the demands of the dominant semiconductor customers in the computer, telecommunications, and consumer electronic industries. There is also a demand for parts rated beyond the “industrial” temperature range, primarily from the aerospace, military, oil and gas exploration, and automotive industries (−55 to +125C, and even higher). However, the demand has not been large enough to attract or retain the interest of major semiconductor part manufacturers to make these parts. In fact, wide temperature range parts are becoming obsolete and functionally equivalent parts are not replacing them. Today, for some applications, it is difficult to procure parts that meet engineering, economic, logistical, and technical integration requirements of product manufacturers, and that are rated for ...
Comparative Approaches to Medieval Islamic Political Philosophy and Modern Political Concepts: A Review of Iraqi and Lebanese

This paper reviews three late 20th century Iraqi and Lebanese intellectuals who placed the subjects of authoritarianism and democracy within Islamic and Arabic political philosophy. Why and how did each choose to write about political philosophy within the Ba’athist state in Iraq, or during the civil war in Lebanon? These approaches are briefly compared with an Orientalist and Arabist paradigm that is dismissive of the range of political discourse found within Islamic philosophy. The contextual interpretation of medieval and early modern Islamic and Arabic philosophy and political philosophy reveal divergent paradigms and choices proposed by scholars in the Middle East and those of the West. The issue of whether political discourse within Islamic philosophy and its historical social formation enabled or included authoritarian or democratic principles is central to the positions of these writers on philosophy. The first example is the critical approach to medieval political development and philosophy put forth by the Lebanese Marxist, but Iraqi educated scholar, Husayn Muruwwah, in his al-Naz'at al-madiyah fi al-falsafah al-'Arabiyah al- Islamiyah (The Materialist Tendencies in Arabic and Islamic Philosophy, 1979). Muruwwah is distinctive for his emphasis on materialist influences in the production of medieval philosophy in both Islamic and Arabic centered terms. Next, I compare Muruwwah’s approach with the Ba’athi period philosopher, Naji Al-Takriti, whose al-falsafah al-siyasiyah ‘inda Ibn Abi al-Rabi (The Political Philosophy of Ibn Abi Al-Rabi’, 1980), was a study of the 9th century Abbasid philosopher. Al-Takriti may be read as a work in political philosophy that sought to rationalize the early period of Saddam Husayn’s rule and marked his transition in the year of the book’s appearance to the Presidency of Iraq. Al-Takriti’s book appeared as Saddam Husayn consolidated personal power over the regime in 1979 and phased out statist liberalism. During that last phase of Saddam Husayn’s rule, with the serial and prolonged crises of the Iran-Iraq war, and the Gulf War, a number of Iraqi intellectuals dissented. These included the novelist, Aziz Al-Sayyid Jasim who drew upon the classical political figure of the early caliph Ali to provide an analogy to Saddam Husayn's rule. Hence, the third work reviewed in this paper is Al-Sayyid Jasim’s biography of the 7th century Caliph, Imam Ali, ‘Ali bin ‘Abi Talib: Sultah al-Haq. [‘Ali ibn Abi Talib: the Authority of Righteousness, 1988]. Al-Sayyid Jasim’s text may be read as a work on political philosophy written to counter the trends found in Al-Takriti earlier book and of the political choices made by the Ba’athist regime.
Adipocyte-Lineage Cells Support Growth and Dissemination of Multiple Myeloma in Bone

Multiple myeloma (MM) cells reside in the bone marrow microenvironment and form complicated interactions with nonneoplastic, resident stromal cells. We previously found that aggressive MM cells shift osteoblast progenitors toward adipogenesis. In addition, adipocytes are among the most common cell types in the adult skeleton; both mature adipocytes and preadipocytes serve as endocrine cells that secrete a number of soluble molecules into the microenvironment. Therefore, we used a combination of in vivo and in vitro methods to test the hypothesis that an increase in adipocyte lineage cells feeds back to promote MM progression. The results of this study revealed that bone marrow from patients with MM indeed contains increased preadipocytes and significantly larger mature adipocytes than normal bone marrow. We also found that preadipocytes and mature adipocytes secrete many molecules important for supporting MM cells in the bone marrow and directly recruit MM cells through both monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and stromal cell-derived factor-1α. Co-culture experiments found that preadipocytes activate Wnt signaling and decrease cleaved caspase-3, whereas mature adipocytes activate ERK signaling in MM cells. Furthermore, mature adipocyte conditioned medium promotes MM growth, whereas co-culture with preadipocytes results in enhanced MM cell chemotaxis in vitro and increased tumor growth in bone in vivo . Combined, these data reveal the importance of preadipocytes and mature adipocytes on MM progression and represent a unique target in the bone marrow microenvironment.
A QUality INdex of Parks for Youth (QUINPY): Evaluating urban parks through geographic information systems:

Visiting urban parks regularly can provide significant physical and mental health benefits for children and teenagers, but these benefits are tempered by park quality, amenities, maintenance, and s...
Spectrally Multiplexed Upconversion Detection With C-Band Pump and Signal Wavelengths

We demonstrate a multiplexing scheme for upconversion-based single-photon detection using a waveguide with multiple phase-matching peaks. Two different signal wavelengths are upconverted using two distinct pump wavelengths, where all the wavelengths are in the 1550-nm band. Background photon generation rates $ per pulse with high internal conversion efficiencies are observed using 20-ps-long pump pulses.
The effects of conspecific and heterospecific interactions on foraging and oviposition behaviours of two parasitoids of Diaphorina citri

ABSTRACTDirect observation was used to construct activity budgets for Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Shafee, Alam & Agarwal) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), foraging for nymphs of Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae). Two populations of D. aligarhensis were used in experiments: a biparental population from Pakistan and a uniparental population from Taiwan. Parasitoids were provisioned with 20 D. citri nymphs, second through fifth instar; female parasitoids from all three populations foraged alone, in conspecific pairs, or in heterospecific pairs. Walking occupied approximately 40% of the activity budget of D. aligarhensis and ovipositor probing occupied 10–20%. In contrast, probing and walking each accounted for approximately 30% of the activity budget of T. radiata. The presence of conspecific females affected the activity budget of D. aligarhensis females, such that the focal female was observed walking less often and...
Droplet induced compositional inhomogeneities in GaAsBi

Compositional inhomogeneities in III-V alloys heavily influence the device performance. This work presents evidence for Ga droplets inducing inhomogeneities in the Bi composition, which we propose is due to a variation in the Ga flux across the surface. These inhomogeneities may be manipulated through the use of growth interrupts, which eliminate the buildup of Ga at the growth front.
The Vertebrate as a Dual Animal — Somatic and Visceral

In the study of vertebrate anatomy and embryology, one frequently encounters the terms “somatic” and “visceral.” Musculature is somatic or visceral; there is a somatic skeleton and a visceral skeleton; a somatic nervous system and a visceral nervous system. Are these terms merely descriptive, as regards external or internal position? I believe not. The anatomical and structural differences between the two elements in each organ system and, in great measure, the differences in embryological origin are so marked that the contrasts appear to be basic in the make-up of a vertebrate.
The Background History of Diabetic Nephropathy

This chapter presents an overview of the background history of diabetic nephropathy. The discovery of diabetic renal disease was a gradual process and the definition of diabetic nephropathy has changed over time. Initial studies of renal biopsies, radioimmunoassay, and the concept of micro- and macroalbuminuria are highlighted, as well as the discovery of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). Landmark trials focusing on how diabetic nephropathy could be improved using pharmacologic blockade of RAAS are reviewed. Diabetes is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease in Western countries, and trials that highlight the benefit of treating hyperglycemia are presented.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound Differentiation of Lung Consolidation and Normal Thymus in Pediatric Patients: An Educational Case Series.

Abstract Background There is a growing body of evidence to support the utility of lung point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in pediatric patients with multiple pulmonary pathologies, particularly pneumonia. As we increase our use of lung POCUS for pediatric patients with respiratory complaints, we must be mindful of the normal anatomy and sonographic findings within the pediatric chest and aware of how to distinguish normal findings (e.g., thymus) from pathologic findings (e.g., consolidation). Case Reports We report four cases of pediatric patients who presented to the Emergency Department with respiratory complaints for which POCUS was able to distinguish lung consolidation and normal thymus in the anterior chest. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? The use of lung ultrasound to detect pneumonia is extensively documented in the pediatric literature. Emergency physicians may not be aware of how to discriminate the normal sonographic appearance of the thymus from lung consolidation on POCUS. The ability to identify normal and pathologic findings within the pediatric chest by POCUS will be increasingly important to appropriately reduce the use of plain radiography for pediatric patients with respiratory complaints.
Reactor configurations and design parameters for thermochemical conversion of biomass into fuels, energy, and chemicals

This chapter describes reactors for thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fuels, energy, and chemicals. The chapter covers basic definitions and concepts involved in biofuels and thermochemical conversion of biomass, and it also includes more advanced topics such as the main reactor configurations currently in use for thermochemical technologies, important parameters for reactor design, discussion of how parameters affect reactor performance, and several examples and case studies. The focus is on fast pyrolysis and gasification systems. The topics discussed include energy and carbon efficiencies, convenience of operation and scale-up, and several other parameters related to reactor design. After reading this chapter, the reader will understand the main characteristics of reactors for thermochemical conversion of biomass, their strengths, and their weaknesses for specific applications.
Applications: Nanoelectronics and Nanomagnetics

In the last 10 years, the state of the art in nanoelectronics, including nanomagnetics, has rapidly gone from devices at or above 100 nm in size to the realm of 30 nm and below, with a well-defined pathway to devices (including transistors for logic and memory) of about 15 nm. In the process of reaching this size, the thickness of the critical layers in many structures is approaching 1 nm; the threshold voltage of a metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) device is now controlled by fewer than 100 atoms, and the line edge roughness requirements are a few nanometers. All of these advances have resulted in an increased demand for near-atomic-level control for deposition, patterning, and characterization.
A Neural Model of Illusory Contour Perception

Illusory contours result from occlusion by a surface whose border is not defined by a continuous discontinuity in any image attribute. Available explanations assume that contrast information on both sides of a gap is sufficient to complete an illusory contour. Using a computer simulation we evaluated this hypothesis by making explicit physiological and psychophysical constraints. Our results indicate that a solution to illusory contour perception may lie with a recurrent network which integrates information about visual surfaces with available contour information.
Constituents of the Hemichordate Ptychodera Flava Laysanica

The phylum Hemichordata occupies an intermediate phyletic position between the echinoderms and the chordates. The morphological link to the chordates is a series of pharingeal clefts or gill slits, but to date no unique chemical relationship between the two phyla has been uncovered. Some members of one of the two classes of the hemichordates, the acorn worms or Enteropneusta, give off an offensive odour, which is often described as iodoformlike1. This is an intriguing observation since evolution of thyroid function with its iodine-containing hormone has never been traced to the hemichordates2. Previous attempts at uncovering thyroid-like activity in a hemichordate, where a likely biosynthetic path might begin with iodination of tyrosine3, have included studies of iodine distribution in Balanoglossus gigas 4 and 131I radiochromatography, which proved the presence of 3-iodotyrosine in Sacoglossus horsti 5.
Emerging trends and innovations for electric bus adoption—a comparative case study of contracting and financing of 22 cities in the Americas, Asia-Pacific, and Europe

Abstract Electric buses have local environmental benefits, which has incentivized cities to transition their fleets from diesel to electric. However, the adoption of electric bus globally is geographically uneven and limited in scale. One issue is the high upfront cost of electric buses. However, few studies have analyzed the contracting and financing mechanisms that can help accelerate electric bus adoption. As part of the initial information collection process, the paper is based on real-world experiences and evidence, applies a comparative multi-case study to 22 cities in 14 countries. A framework is used for analysis, which includes identifying technical components that require investment, non-reimbursable funds and investment capital applied, and legal arrangements supporting the implementation. Results show that three key elements are seen in electric bus adoption across the globe, despite regional differences. First, both public and private grants, when dedicated to cleaning the fleet, appear as a strong factor underpinning existing clean bus systems. Second, less costly sources of financing, which may come from different stakeholders, can reduce financial risks, and it is where innovation can happen. Third, innovative ways of structuring contractual implementation effectively connect stakeholders and involve third-party players, which leads to shared risks, increased efficiency and improved performance.
Finite-Element Analysis of Three-Dimensional Polarization Mapping with Pulsed Diode Lasers

Measuring the distribution of electrical polarization and space charge with focused thermal pulses or waves is one of the basic characterization techniques in electret research. However, in multi-layer systems, reconstructing the polarization from the measured transient current requires a multi-physics approach using finite element analysis. This method is feasible for investigating a range of geometries, including samples with buried light-absorbing electrodes. The present work shows the modeling of the transient thermal-pulse current for a metal-polymer-metal sample, heated on one side with a 15~μs Gaussian-shaped laser beam.
Effect of low and moderate dose FEIBA to reverse major bleeding in patients on direct oral anticoagulants.

Abstract Objective Management of acute, major or life threatening bleeding in the presence of direct acting oral anticoagulants (DOAC) is unclear. In the absence of a specific antidote, or in situations where there is a need for adjunctive therapy, the ideal prothrombin complex concentrate and dose is unclear. The goal of our study was to evaluate the outcomes of our reduced dosing strategy with FEIBA in patients experiencing a DOAC-related bleeding event. Design Retrospective analysis of patients treated with FEIBA for a DOAC-related bleeding event. Setting Academic medical center Patients Consecutive patients between May 2011 and April 2017 receiving FEIBA for a DOAC-related bleed Interventions None Measurements & main results Of the 64 patients included in this analysis, 38 patients received low dose FEIBA (mean 10.0 ± 3.6 units/kg) and 26 received moderate dose (mean 24.3 ± 2.1 units/kg) FEIBA; an additional dose was requested in 6 patients. Six dabigatran patients received idarucizumab. 30 day event rates included 5 thromboembolic events (8%) and 9 (14%) patients expired. Follow-up CT-imaging for ICH, endoscopy/colonoscopy, or interventional radiology exams did not reveal any clinically concerning active bleeding or hematoma expansion except in 2 ICH patients with slight expansion between imaging sessions. Conclusions Low (
Obstetrical hemorrhage reporting and systems learning.

ABSTRACT Reporting and systems learning provide the backbone for a sustainable comprehensive response to maternal hemorrhage. Reporting back to the institution requires capturing various elements such as compliance, results of debriefs, and comprehensive reviews of cases where there has been severe maternal morbidity. The system then learns from these reviews, and modifies as necessary any areas not performing as desired. Compliance monitoring, aside from review of an adverse event, is also an essential element of the reporting process by assessing for drift, returning to pre-implementation practices.
Reading This Bridge Called My Back for pedagogies of coalition, remediation, and a razor’s edge

AbstractIn this article, I examine the engagement of pre-service teachers with US feminist of color theory. Centering coalition relations, re-mediation, and dialogic narrative, I argue that the field of women of color thought is pedagogical in thinking through the intersectional and multidimensional problems of teaching and schooling, particularly when working with under-resourced schools and displaced and dispossessed students and their families. A framework based on the intellectual labor of US women of color, where the pedagogies of coalition, re-mediation, and dialogic narratives create powerful epistemological interventions that support pre-service teachers as they think about the complex problems of schools in this era of the defunding and the dismantlement of public education. It is a US women of color pedagogy that engages teachers in developing alternative accounts of their relationship to the world, how these new accounts are unavoidably theoretical and provide a starting point for new thinking ...
Effects of time-of-day on inhibition of lens-induced myopia by quinpirole, pirenzepine and atropine in chicks

Abstract Injections of the D2 dopamine receptor agonist quinpirole or the acetylcholine muscarinic receptor antagonists pirenzepine and atropine prevent the development of negative-lens-induced myopia in chicks by inhibiting ocular growth. Because ocular growth is diurnally rhythmic, we hypothesized that the efficacy for inhibition may depend on time of day. Chicks wore monocular −10D lenses for 5 days, starting at 12d of age. The light cycle was 12L/12D. The lens-wearing eye received daily intravitreal injections for 4 days, of 20 μl quinpirole (10 nmol), at the following times: 7:30 EST (lights-on; morning; n = 12), 12:00 (mid-day; n = 13), or 19:30 (evening; n = 17). The same protocol was used for pirenzepine (0.2 μmol) and atropine (18 nmol), at the following times: 8:30 EDT (lights-on; n = 10; n = 18), 14:00 (n = 10; n = 12), or 20:30 (n = 18; n = 16). Saline injections were done in separate groups of birds for all groups as controls, and the data combined (n = 28). Ocular dimensions were measured using A-scan ultrasonography on treatment day 1 at 12:00, and again on day 5 at 12:00; growth rate is defined as the change in axial length over 96 h. For quinpirole and pirenzepine, subsets (n's in Methods) of mid-day and evening groups were measured at 6 h intervals on day 5 (from 12:00 to 12:00) to obtain rhythm parameters for axial length and choroidal thickness; for atropine, only the mid-day group was measured. Refractions were measured on day 5 with a Hartinger's refractometer. For quinpirole and pirenzepine, mid-day injections were more effective at inhibiting ocular growth than evening (Exp-fellow: quinpirole: −68 vs 118 μm/96h; post-hoc Bonferroni p = 0.016; pirenzepine: 79 vs 215 μm/96h; p = 0.046). There were no between-group statistically significant differences for atropine. For quinpirole, the mid-day amplitude of the axial rhythm was smaller than for evening (95 vs 142 μm; p
Calculating the Band Structure of 3C-SiC Using sp3d5s*+$\Delta$ Model

We report on a semi-empirical tight binding model for 3C-SiC including the effect of sp3d5s* orbitals and spin-orbital coupling. In this work, we illustrate in detail the method to develop such a model for semiconductors with zincblende structure, based on Slater-Koster integrals, and we explain the optimization method used to fit the experimental results with such a model. This method shows high accuracy for the evaluation of 3C-SiC band diagram both in terms of the experimental energy levels at high symmetry points and the effective masses.
Influence of Patient Setting and Dedicated Limb Salvage Efforts on Outcomes in Charcot-Related Foot Ulcer:

Charcot neuroarthropathy is a devastating consequence of diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy. Because of its rarity, the condition is often misdiagnosed or poorly managed. When misadventure occurs, patients with Charcot neuroarthropathy can suffer ulceration, infection, amputation, and death. When patients have Charcot-related foot ulcers, the risks are amplified. Utilizing advanced electronic medical record analysis, a 30-month investigation was undertaken to determine if patients with diabetes mellitus and a concomitant diagnosis of Charcot-related foot ulcer were at greater risk of complications because of location setting of initial treatment for their condition. Charcot foot-related ulcers that are diagnosed in the outpatient setting had established foot specialist care. The outpatient management of the condition lead to a significant reduction in the amount of admissions to a higher acuity setting. However, patient outcomes did not vary once established and dedicated limb salvage efforts were employed. In this large contemporary population managed in a tertiary health system, patients with Charcot-related foot ulcer had negative outcomes when they were initially treated in an inpatient setting and had a significantly greater likelihood of readmission as compared with individuals who had established focused limb salvage care.
Why do they live so far from work? Determinants of long-distance commuting in California

Abstract The determinants of long-distance commuting (trips longer than 50 miles one-way) in the U.S. appear to be poorly understood even though long-distance commuting likely has substantial environmental, social, and economic impacts. A review of the literature shows that that few papers have considered how housing costs influence long-distance commuting. Moreover, residential self-selection has rarely been accounted for in commuting studies. To start addressing these gaps, we analyze the long-distance travel component of the 2012 California Household Travel Survey via a generalized structural equation model. In our model, land use and housing costs are explained by household and head of household characteristics; together with these characteristics, land use and housing costs influence long-distance commuting. We find that the probability of a household commuting long-distance decreases with an increase in the job-housing ratio (OR = 0.914***) and most importantly, with the median home value of the census tract where a household resides (OR = 0.488***). Conversely, this probability increases with the median census tract home values where household members work (OR = 1.765***). Finally, our model results confirm the presence of small residential self-selection effects. These results highlight the importance of providing more affordable housing and mixed development options to reduce long-distance commuting and its associated environmental impacts.
The Emergency Department Trigger Tool: A Novel Approach to Screening for Quality and Safety Events.

Study objective Trigger tools improve surveillance for harm by focusing reviews on records with “triggers” whose presence increases the likelihood of an adverse event. We refine and automate a previously developed emergency department (ED) trigger tool and present record selection strategies to further optimize yield. Methods We specified 97 triggers for extraction from our electronic medical record, identifying 76,894 ED visits with greater than or equal to 1 trigger. We reviewed 1,726 records with greater than or equal to 1 trigger, following a standard trigger tool review process. We validated query performance against manual review and evaluated individual triggers, retaining only those associated with adverse events in the ED. We explored 2 approaches to enhance record selection: on number of triggers present and using trigger weights derived with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression. Results The automated query performed well compared with manual review (sensitivity >70% for 80 triggers; specificity >92% for all). Review yielded 374 adverse events (21.6 adverse events per 100 records). Thirty triggers were associated with risk of harm in the ED. An estimated 10.3% of records with greater than 1 of these triggers would include an adverse event in the ED. Selecting only records with greater than or equal to 4 or greater than or equal to 9 triggers improves yield to 17% and 34.8%, respectively, whereas use of least absolute shrinkage and selection operator trigger weighting enhances the yield to as high as 52%. Conclusion The ED trigger tool is a promising approach to improve yield, scope, and efficiency of review for all-cause harm in emergency medicine. Beginning with a broad set of candidate triggers, we validated a computerized query that eliminates the need for manual screening for triggers and identified a refined set of triggers associated with adverse events in the ED. Review efficiency can be further enhanced with enhanced record selection.
A deep learning-based RULA method for working posture assessment:

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) represent one of the leading cause of injuries from modern industries. Previous research has identified a causal relation between MSDs and awkward working postures....
Personality Disorders and Disordered Aging: Personality Pathology as Risk Factor for Unhealthy Aging

As a risk factor for disordered aging, personality pathology has an important role to play in understanding the processes behind healthy aging. Personality pathology has historically been understudied in older adulthood, in part due to ongoing conceptual and definitional issues. Aging research looks to benefit from the emergence of dimensional, trait-based models of personality disorder diagnosis that address some of the age-related limitations underlying the previous categorical model. Epidemiological research confirms that personality pathology, though changed in manifestation, remains prevalent in later life. Personality disorders have been linked to a variety of unhealthy aging outcomes, including mortality, work disability, depression, suicide, physical morbidity, and cognitive decline. Although little research has examined intermediate mechanisms, interpersonal stress and dysfunction may be one pathway that accounts for these relationships. Finally, researchers have begun to identify ways to help individuals with personality pathology to experience healthier aging, whether through treatment interventions or fostering particular life contexts. Future work in this area will not only improve the lives of those who suffer from pathology, but also identify mechanisms that explicate the nature of healthy aging.
Abstract PD8-03: Clinico-pathological and molecular features in young women with metastatic breast cancer

Introduction: Advanced breast cancer can be more aggressive and portend a worse prognosis in the younger population (age Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 138 females with metastatic breast cancer treated at Northwestern Medicine who provided consent for serial evaluation of circulating biomarkers. Patient were divided into two cohorts based on age at the time of metastasis, namely premenopausal (defined as age Results: Of the 138 women, 54 (39%) were premenopausal with median age of 42 (range: 28-49), and 84 (61%) were postmenopausal with median age of 57 (range: 50-81). For the premenopausal cohort, 96% had invasive ductal carcinoma, 2% invasive lobular carcinoma and 2% mixed/unknown, compared to postmenopausal with 74%, 19% and 7% respectively, p=0.003. No statistically significant association was observed based on disease subtype (HR+/HER2-, HR+/HER2+, HR-/HER2+, TNBC), correspondingly stratified as 46%, 17%, 9%, 28% (premenopausal) and 57%, 10%, 13% 20% (postmenopausal). In total, 39% of the premenopausal and 40% of the postmenopausal patients had inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). Among patients initially diagnosed with non-metastatic disease, time (years) to metastasis was 2.76 (95% CI 2.11 to 3.41) for the premenopausal and 6.08 (95% CI 4.89 to 7.27) for the postmenopausal cohort, p=0.0001. Statistically significant associations were found when comparing the NGS datasets, derived from serial collection of ctDNA +/- tissue samples. Specifically, the premenopausal group had a higher incidence of GATA3 (11 vs 6 cases; p=0.017) alterations, but a lower incidence of NF1 (1 vs 18; p Conclusion: Our data reveal that premenopausal women diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer had a more rapid progression to metastasis and differ from their postmenopausal counterparts in both their pathologic profile (almost exclusively invasive ductal carcinoma) and molecular profile (notably, gene alteration frequencies of NF1, RB1 and GATA3), which could have significant implications in developing targeted treatment paradigms for younger women. Additionally, CTC prevalence in the metastatic setting differs from earlier stage breast cancer data showing a higher proportion of ≥5 CTCs in postmenopausal patients. Citation Format: Kristen Carroll, Ami M Shah, Lorenzo Gerratana, Chenyu Lin, Andrew A Davis, Qiang Zhang, Youbin Zhang, Lisa Flaum, Amir Behdad, Leonidas C Platanias, William J Gradishar, Massimo Cristofanilli. Clinico-pathological and molecular features in young women with metastatic breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD8-03.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy by paediatric surgeons: can established standards of care be delivered?

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) case volume is low for paediatric surgeons relative to the adult sector; coupled with service differences, internationally accepted standards may be more challenging to meet. This study sought to determine (i) the outcomes of LC in children, and (ii) whether recognised care pathways (e.g. acute LC, access to cholangiogram/ERCP and day-case LC provision) can be delivered. Patients who underwent LC were identified retrospectively in a single institution between January 2009 and January 2019. Data are presented as median [IQR] and continuous variables compared using a t test. 101 cases were included (age 12.9 years [10.2–15]; female 65/101). Indications for LC were symptomatic gallstones (98/101) and polyps (2/101). ERCP and/or endoscopic ultrasound were performed in 23/101. For acute presentations, 7/24 (29%) had LC during the same admission. Trainees performed LC in 33/101. 4/101 required intra-operative cholangiogram. Operative time was 109.5 min [90.8–139.5]: consultant vs. trainee times were similar (114 [93.3–149.5] vs. 99.5 [81.5–125.3], p = 0.06). Length of stay was one day [1–1] with 10/101 being day-cases. There were no major complications or re-operations. We report good outcomes from LC. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the capacity to deliver recognised standards of care within a paediatric setting.
Dynamic Sharing in Multi-accelerators of Neural Networks on an FPGA Edge Device

Edge computing can potentially provide abundant processing resources for compute-intensive applications while bringing services close to end devices. With the increasing demands for computing acceleration at the edge, FPGAs have been deployed to provide custom deep neural network accelerators. This paper explores a DNN accelerator sharing system at the edge FPGA device, that serves various DNN applications from multiple end devices simultaneously. The proposed SharedDNN/PlanAhead policy exploits the regularity among requests for various DNN accelerators and determines which accelerator to allocate for each request and in what order to respond to the requests that achieve maximum responsiveness for a queue of acceleration requests. Our results show overall 2. 20x performance gain at best and utilization improvement by reducing up to 27% of DNN library usage while staying within the requests’ requirements and resource constraints.
Aerosol Acidity: Novel Measurements and Implications for Atmospheric Chemistry.

The pH of a solution is one of its most fundamental chemical properties, impacting reaction pathways and kinetics across every area of chemistry. The atmosphere is no different, with the pH of the condensed phase driving key chemical reactions that ultimately impact global climate in numerous ways. The condensed phase in the atmosphere is comprised of suspended liquid or solid particles, known as the atmospheric aerosol, which are differentiated from cloud droplets by their much smaller size (primarily 99% of particles are <1 μm) and complexity. Within a single atmospheric particle, there can be hundreds to thousands of distinct chemical species, varying water content, high ionic strengths, and different phases (liquid, semisolid, and solid). Making aerosol analysis even more challenging, atmospheric particles are constantly evolving through heterogeneous reactions with gases and multiphase chemistry within the condensed phase. Based on these challenges, traditional pH measurements are not feasible, and, for years, indirect and proxy methods were the most common way to estimate aerosol pH, with mixed results. However, aerosol pH needs to be incorporated into climate models to accurately determine which chemical reactions are dominant in the atmosphere. Consequently, experimental measurements that probe pH in atmospherically relevant particles are sorely needed to advance our understanding of aerosol acidity.This Account describes recent advances in measurements of aerosol particle acidity, specifically three distinct methods we developed for experimentally determining particle pH. Our acid-conjugate base method uses Raman microspectroscopy to probe an acid (e.g., HSO4-) and its conjugate base (e.g., SO42-) in individual micrometer-sized particles. Our second approach is a field-deployable colorimetric method based on pH indicators (e.g., thymol blue) and cell phone imaging to provide a simple, low-cost approach to ensemble average (or bulk) pH for particles in distinct size ranges down to a few hundred nanometers in diameter. In our third method, we monitor acid-catalyzed polymer degradation of a thin film (∼23 nm) of poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) on silicon by individual particles with atomic force microscopy (AFM) after inertially impacting particles of different pH. These measurements are improving our understanding of aerosol pH from a fundamental physical chemistry perspective and have led to initial atmospheric measurements. The impact of aerosol pH on key atmospheric processes, such as secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, is discussed. Some unique findings, such as an unexpected size dependence to aerosol pH and kinetic limitations, illustrate that particles are not always in thermodynamic equilibrium with the surrounding gas. The implications of our limited, but improving, understanding of the fundamental chemical concept of pH in the atmospheric aerosol are critical for connecting chemistry and climate.
Inpatient management of Hirschsprung's associated enterocolitis treatment: the benefits of standardized care.

Patients with Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) remain at risk of developing Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) after surgical intervention. As inpatient management remains variable, our institution implemented an algorithm directed at standardizing treatment practices. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of patients pre- and post-algorithm. A retrospective review of patients admitted for HAEC was performed; January 2017–June 2018 encompassed the pre-implementation period, and October 2018–October 2019 was the post-implementation period. Demographics and outcomes were compared between the two groups. Sixty-two episodes of HAEC occurred in 27 patients during the entire study period. Sixteen patients (59%) had more than one episode. The most common levels of the transition zone were the rectosigmoid (50%) and descending colon (27%). Following algorithm implementation, the median length of stay (2 vs. 7 days, p < 0.001), TPN duration (0 vs. 5.5 days, p < 0.001), and days to full enteral diet (6 days vs. 2 days, p < 0.001) decreased significantly. Readmission rates for recurrent enterocolitis were similar pre- and post-algorithm implementation. The use of a standardized algorithm significantly decreases the length of stay and duration of intravenous antibiotic administration without increasing readmission rates, while still providing appropriate treatment for HAEC. III level. Retrospective comparative study.