cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performing Respectability: The Beravā, Middle‐Class Nationalism, and the Classicization of Kandyan Dance in Sri Lanka

Among the traditional Kandyan dancers of Sri Lanka, a story circulates about the son of Nittawela Gunaya, the nation's most renowned traditional dancer of the 1940s and 1950s. After Gunaya's death, it is said, the son destroyed all evidence of his father's profession, even burning, in an act of desecration, his most prized possession, the sacred ves headdress that had been conferred on Gunaya at his initiation ceremony. Dancers recount this story to illustrate the shame and the suffering that even the most publicly esteemed of traditional dancers have experienced for more than 50 years. For even as their aesthetic legacy, the Kandyan dance, has been elevated as a national symbol of Sri Lanka, the traditional dancers and their families have increasingly become marginalized within the sphere of national public culture. At least, this is part of the story. Another part of the story is that, for over four decades, from the 1940s to the 1990s, the traditional dancers from the berava (drummer) caste of Kandy largely dominated the field of dance teaching, the only viable profession for dancers in Sri Lanka. During this period the dance was transformed from a ritual to a stage practice, and participation in the dance expanded from a small number of initiated berava dancers to virtually all of the schoolchildren of Sri Lanka's majority ethnic group, the Sinhalas. Since the 1950s the state has been the key patron of Kandyan dance, incorporating it into the school curriculum, sponsoring dance tours abroad, funding numerous national dance troupes (including those of the army and police), and establishing a variety of aesthetic teacher training institutes. Although the berava have often suffered from caste and class discrimination, the elevation of their practice to national status has also provided some space for social mobility and redefinition. Relationships between nation-states and subaltern groups have become a cynosure for understanding the experiential meanings of nationalism in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. In South Asia, particularly for India, there is a
Tube morphogenesis: closure, but many openings remain

Epithelial and endothelial tubes form the basic structure of many organs and tissues in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, zebrafish and mammals. Comparison of how tubes form during development defines several pathways that generate a single unbranched tube or dichotomously branching tubular networks. The formation of tubes can be induced directly by intrinsic signals within epithelial primordia or by inductive signaling between adjacent epithelia and the mesenchyme. Both processes are hierarchically controlled by master transcriptional regulators, growth factors and their receptors, directed cell migration and cellular reorganization, which is controlled by changes in the cytoskeleton and protein trafficking. This review provides a summary of these pathways based upon articles published in the Tube Morphogenesis Series in Trends in Cell Biology.
The impact of work-family policies on women's employment: a review of research from OECD countries

All industrialized countries, as well as many developing and transition countries, have policies in place to support work-family reconciliation such as care-related leaves, policies that increase the quality or availability of flexible and alternative work arrangements, and childcare supports. While work-family policies share common elements across borders, the extent and nature of supports vary widely across countries. This cross-national diversity in policies has supported a substantial body of research on the effect of different policy designs on women's labor market outcomes and, increasingly, on men's take-up of work-family provisions. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of this research and to draw out implications in terms of policy designs that seem to maximize women's labor force participation, narrow the gender gap in earnings, and increase men's participation in caregiving at home. The paper reviews the research literature on leave policies, flexible and/or alternative work arra...
Myelination of Cortical-hippocampal Relays During Late Adolescence

The normal developmental series of brains in the Yakovlev Collection has been examined to explore the possibility that various brain regions implicated in schizophrenia may show changes in myelination during late adolescence, a period coinciding with the appearance of early symptoms of this disorder. The prefrontal, cingulate, and parahippocampal (entorhinal) cortex, as well as the perforant pathway, cingulum bundle, and hippocampus, were closely examined because these regions have recently been found to show various neuropathological differences in schizophrenia. Observation of these specimens has confirmed earlier reports by Yakovlev and Lecours (1967) that primary motor and sensory cortices show robust myelination early in the first decade of life. In contrast, associative cortical areas show increased amounts of myelin staining only by the second decade, although some cortical areas, like the cingulate and basofrontal cortex, remain poorly myelinated throughout life. The most striking finding, however, was the appearance of increased myelination of the subicular and presubicular regions during the late adolescent period. Increased myelination in the subiculum was localized to a discrete region at the surface where fibers of the perforant pathway are known to aggregate as they course toward the area dentata. The comparable region in the adjacent presubicular area that also showed increased myelin staining probably contains distal portions of the cingulum bundle. Support for this latter possibility was obtained from a single case in which a stereotaxically placed lesion causing interruption of the cingulum bundle showed less myelin in the presubicular area of the effectively lesioned side.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
International Short-term Medical Service Trips: Guidelines from the Literature and Perspectives from the Field

The increasing interest in practising medicine overseas has outpaced research conducted to evaluate its effectiveness and the development of guidelines from evidence-based best practices. Short-term medical teams regularly travel to provide medical care, yet there is little research on the impact or practices of these missions. This study assessed current practices and challenges of short-term medical service teams, using questionnaire-based interviews of 40 participants in recent medical service trips. Study results and a review of recommendations in peer-reviewed journals were used to develop guidelines for international short-term medical trips in relation to mission, collaboration, education and capacity building, provider qualifications, appropriate donations, and cultural sensitivity and understanding. Guidelines that inform models, approaches, best practices and minimum standards for short-term medical service trips should be adopted so that improved and sustainable outcomes can be consistently achieved.
A pilot study of nitric oxide blood levels in patients with chronic orofacial pain

Background Control of pain is the major goal in the management of chronic orofacial pain (COP) patients. The pathogenesis of COP is currently not well understood. Consequently, the treatment of COP may be suboptimal or even harmful. Based on independent observations, we propose that local elevated levels of nitric oxide (NO) may have a central role in the pathogenesis of COP. Hypothesis NO level in the orofacial region of COP patients is elevated. A regional increased level of NO causes excessive vasodilatation. This hyperperfusion is manifested by hyperthermia of the overlying skin, while NO enhances nociception, aggravating orofacial pain. An alternative mechanism involving NO as a neurotransmitter at the CNS level may contribute to orofacial pain, but seems not to account for all the known clinical observations. Methods Two groups of subjects were studied: 5 patients with COP and 59 control subjects. For each subject we collected blood samples for analysis of nitrite\nitrate (or NOx). Results (1) NOx blood levels for 5 patients diagnosed with COP was 65.9 μM (SD of 10.4) verses 42.7 μM (SD of 24.2) for 59 control subjects, the difference being statistically significant, t -statistic = −2.12 ( P > .05). (2) No statistical difference was found for NOx blood levels for 59 control subjects divided by gender (male vs female), with 23 female controls having NOx blood levels of 42.6 μM (SD of 25.2) and male controls having NOx blood levels of 42.8 μM (SD of 24.0), t -statistic = −0.03, P = .98. Conclusion This pilot study suggests that NO blood levels may have an association with COP. A better understanding of the mechanism of chronic orofacial pain is expected to lead to more precise diagnostic staging and management of this disorder.
Editorial: Exploring Ethical Issues in Peer Review for the Journal of Pediatric Psychology

Peer review is crucial for the advancement of the science of pediatric psychology. As scholars, academics, and faculty members, peer review is an activity that not only marks our service to our profession and to our field, but is also an expected role in service to the larger scientific community. While previous guidelines for authors and reviewers have focused on methods of enhancing the quality of the science published in JPP (Drotar, 2009a,b,c), little attention has yet been devoted to methods of ensuring the integrity and ethics of the peer review process. Because participation in peer review comprises a complex dynamic interfacing one’s personal values and scientific expertise with the ethical obligations of the psychology profession, potential ethical problems, and concerns are likely to arise. Moreover, without definite and universal guidelines available, implicit assumptions are made about the competencies of authors and reviewers to understand and interpret the ethical issues involved in manuscript peer review. Authors may also feel tremendous pressures for publication (Koocher & Keith-Spiegel, 2008) due to the high stakes present for admission to training programs, winning grant funds, promotion and tenure, and career advancement, creating a climate where ethical challenges may be more likely to surface. At the 2009 meeting of the American Psychological Association, ethical challenges were discussed in a symposium session that focused on reviewing for the Journal of Pediatric Psychology (JPP). At this session and subsequently in dialogue with the associate editors and the editorial board of JPP, numerous examples of ethical challenges were raised. The purpose of this editorial is to provide a description of potential ethical issues in manuscript peer review in an effort to raise awareness of ethical considerations that may arise before, during, and after accepting an invitation to review for JPP, and to discuss JPP guidelines concerning ethical obligations. In addition, this editorial is intended to encourage increased discussion and communication amongst our reviewers, authors, and editors pertaining to these issues.
300 kHz-30 MHz MF/HF

A tutorial presentation is made in broad and general terms regarding the properties of the MF and HF portions of the radio spectrum as they pertain to and affect communication systems. The fine grain behavior in terms of amplitude and phase variations are presented in conjunction with the effects of fading periods, time and frequency spread, and atmospheric noise. A discussion of both theoretical and experimental bounds in error rate levels of digital systems as a function of the basic attributes of the ionospheric channel is undertaken in connection with the adaptive approach to communication system design. Two adaptive systems are described briefly in terms of their ability to cope with the time variant dispersive ionospheric channel.
Social Change as Reflected in the Kinsey Studies

In this paper I shall discuss some of the major sociological implications of the Kinsey findings, with special emphasis upon social change. In approaching this task, one is confronted at once with intriguing questions of causation. Why the Kinsey research? What ingredients in our cultural soil nourished this endeavor? The usual explanation follows the great-man interpretation of history, namely, that Dr. Kinsey felt very unhappy as he surveyed the vast sea of sexual ignorance in which mankind was floundering and decided to do something about it. To those accustomed to an emphasis upon social forces, this heroic interpretation of events is not altogether satisfactory. Such a program of research can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, growing out of a sexual morality in transition. In its current phase the transition is marked by a steady decline of the ascetic tradition and the rise of biological realism as a counter-movement. This ideology places unprecedented stress upon physical sex, from pictorial displays of the feminine figure through real or fictional accounts of sexual adventures to the latest
Mining association rules from relations on a parallel NCR teradata database system

Data mining from relations is becoming increasingly important with the advent of parallel database systems. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for mining association rules from relations. The new algorithm is an enhanced version of the SETM algorithm of M. Houtsma and A. Swami (1995), and it reduces the number of candidate itemsets considerably. We implemented and evaluated the new algorithm on a parallel NCR teradata database system. The new algorithm is much faster than the SETM algorithm, and its performance is quite scalable.
An analysis of inner-city students’ attitudes towards violence before and after participation in the “Cradle to Grave” programme

Abstract Background Cradle to Grave (C2G), a hospital-based violence prevention programme, brings inner-city youth into an urban Level I trauma centre to follow the path of an adolescent gunshot victim from trauma bay to morgue. We hypothesised that C2G alters student attitudes towards gun violence. Methods Eighty-eight adolescents were prospectively enrolled. With parental and student consent, students completed the Attitudes Towards Guns and Violence Questionnaire (AGVQ), a previously validated and reliable social science assessment tool. Two weeks later, the students participated in C2G. The survey was re-administered four weeks after C2G participation. AGVQ results are reported both as a total score and as a breakdown of the four component subscales. Higher AGVQ scores indicate proclivity towards violence. ANOVA compared scores with respect to demographics and type of school (public vs. charter). Results C2G altered student's attitudes towards guns and violence. Of 43 public school students, total scores decreased following C2G (p = 0.02). The greatest attitudinal change occurred in subscale 1, “Aggressive Response to Shame” (p Conclusions Our hospital-based programme is capable of positively impacting adolescents’ attitudes towards guns and violence. This effect is most pronounced in subjects who already display increased tendencies towards violence. These results suggest that hospitals offer a unique opportunity to address the public health crisis posed by inner-city firearm violence.
Aging, Emotion, Attention, and Binding in the Taboo Stroop Task: Data and Theories

How does aging impact relations between emotion, memory, and attention? To address this question, young and older adults named the font colors of taboo and neutral words, some of which recurred in the same font color or screen location throughout two color-naming experiments. The results indicated longer color-naming response times (RTs) for taboo than neutral base-words (taboo Stroop interference); better incidental recognition of colors and locations consistently associated with taboo versus neutral words (taboo context-memory enhancement); and greater speed-up in color-naming RTs with repetition of color-consistent than color-inconsistent taboo words, but no analogous speed-up with repetition of location-consistent or location-inconsistent taboo words (the consistency type by repetition interaction for taboo words). All three phenomena remained constant with aging, consistent with the transmission deficit hypothesis and binding theory, where familiar emotional words trigger age-invariant reactions for prioritizing the binding of contextual features to the source of emotion. Binding theory also accurately predicted the interaction between consistency type and repetition for taboo words. However, one or more aspects of these phenomena failed to support the inhibition deficit hypothesis, resource capacity theory, or socio-emotional selectivity theory. We conclude that binding theory warrants further test in a range of paradigms, and that relations between aging and emotion, memory, and attention may depend on whether the task and stimuli trigger fast-reaction, involuntary binding processes, as in the taboo Stroop paradigm.
ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSIONS OF URBAN CHANGE: UNCOVERING RELICT INDUSTRIAL WASTE SITES AND SUBSEQUENT LAND USE CONVERSIONS IN PORTLAND AND NEW ORLEANS

: Contemporary urbanization has brought well-documented shifts in the social and economic foundations of U.S. cities through deindustrialization, gentrification, and residential segregation. To these widely recognized shifts, we add historical–environmental changes associated with “relict industrial waste” that accumulates and becomes hidden as cities change over time. This study advances a new analytical framework and data collection strategy for uncovering these relict industrial waste sites and the processes that influence their location, frequency, and conversion. Results affirm that hundreds of potentially hazardous sites exist in older cities and that the vast majority of these sites have converted to other uses, hiding potential relict waste from public, scholarly, and regulatory view. Results also indicate that the types of neighborhood settings in which these sites are found and likelihood of subsequent land-use conversion vary significantly by the city in question. Implications for future research and broader conceptualizations of urbanization are discussed.
Unsupervised Morphology-Based Vocabulary Expansion

We present a novel way of generating unseen words, which is useful for certain applications such as automatic speech recognition or optical character recognition in low-resource languages. We test our vocabulary generator on seven low-resource languages by measuring the decrease in out-of-vocabulary word rate on a held-out test set. The languages we study have very different morphological properties; we show how our results differ depending on the morphological complexity of the language. In our best result (on Assamese), our approach can predict 29% of the token-based out-of-vocabulary with a small amount of unlabeled training data.
Evaluation of Soyscreen in an Oil-Based Formulation for UV Protection of Beauveria bassiana Conidia

Soyscreen oil was studied as a formulation ingredient to protect Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin conidia from UV degradation. Feruloylated soy glycerides, referred to as Soyscreen oil, are biobased UV-absorbing molecules made by combining molecules of soybean oil with ferulic acid. Conidia stored in Soyscreen oil for 28 wk at 25, 30, and 35°C retained viability as well as conidia stored in sunflower oil, demonstrating that Soyscreen did not adversely affect viability with prolonged storage. For samples applied to glass and exposed to simulated sunlight (xenon light), conidia in sunflower oil with or without sunscreens (Soyscreen or oxyl methoxycinnimate) had similar conidia viability after exposure. These oil formulations retained conidia viability better than conidia applied as an aqueous treatment. However, the 10% Soyscreen oil formulation applied to field grown cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants, did not improve residual insecticidal activity compared with aqueous applications of unformulated conidia or two commercial formulations when assayed against Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) larvae. Our results suggest that the oil applications lose UV protection because the oil was absorbed by the leaf. This conclusion was supported in subsequent laboratory exposures of conidia in oil-based formulations with UV screens applied to cabbage leaves or balsa wood, which lost protection as measured by decreased viability of conidia when exposed to simulated sunlight. As a result, additional formulation techniques such as encapsulation to prevent separation of the protective oil from the conidia may be required to extend protection when oil formulations are applied in the field.
Analysis of Smart City Models and the Four-Foci Taxonomy for Smart City Design

Driven by increasingly complex social, political, economic, and environmental challenges, in the hope of promoting the health, safety, and welfare of citizens in urban environments, the demand for more effective management of immense data resources and easy public access to information is increasing. The notion of a smart city has evolved in recent years to mean a city that is well-endowed by information and communication technologies (ICT) that complement the physical infrastructure, and thereby enhancing the quality of the social and environmental assets. A city may be defined as “smart” or “intelligent” when investments in human capital, social capital, traditional transportation, and modern communication infrastructure drive growth and sustainable physical and economic development. Through participatory governance, managed growth of the smart city is intended to result in a high quality of life and wise management of natural resources. Currently several theories and models for designing a smart city, including hybrid models and new ideas, are emerging. Following an analysis of various research studies, it was possible to group these models in terms of their foci: (1) technological, (2) business, (3) political, and (4) environmental. While the proposed models have made considerable contributions to the field of smart cities, each of these models shares four key limitations: (1) a lack of integration of the local system and globalsystem, (2) a lack of attention to holistic sustainability, (3) a lack of consideration of human factors and human-environment interaction, and (4) an inability to address significant urban changes. The research approach of Takeda et. al. (1990) was adopted for this research project, and has four phases namely: Phase I (Awareness), Phase II (Suggestion), Phase III (Development) and Phase IV (Evaluation). The research will be conducted in several studies. This paper reports on Study 1 which followed an exploratory and conceptual approach in two phases namely Phase I and Phase II, in which an in-depth analysis of several smart city case studies reported in the literature was performed. The purpose was to examine promising smart city models, and to critique their effectiveness, strengths, and weaknesses. The literature review enabled the authors to solidify their understanding of smart city design. A taxonomy of key categories of concern when designing a smart city, called the Four-Foci Taxonomy, is proposed in the paper.
Automated Optimum Cost Building Design

A computer program that automatically designs and details an optimum-cost, one-way solid slab, reinforced concrete building is presented. Skip-loading, lateral loads (including consideration of torsional stiffness of the building frame), and live-load reductions are all considered. The program is completely automatic, and no preliminary member sizing or dead-load estimates are required. Special attention is paid to simplicity and minimization of input data. Output is selective and in a readily understood format. Problem formulation is presented in relation to the basic considerations of synthesis i.e., requirements, technology, and criterion. Attention is paid to important aspects of decentralization of, and iteration through, various parts of the program such as gravity frame, lateral-load frame, detailing, costing, etc. All analysis and design is in accordance with the Uniform Building Code and the ACI Building Code. Detailing is in accordance with the Manual of Standard Practice for Detailing Reinforced Concrete Structures. The inherent advantages include moderate cost, practical flexibility, improved design, complete details, reduced errors, and readily checked output.
Crystal structure of (n-but-yl)[2-(2,6-di-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-6-methyl-phen-yl](2-meth-oxy-phen-yl)phospho-nium chloride monohydrate.

The title hydrated salt, C26H32O3P+·Cl−·H2O, contains four different substit­uents (H, alkyl, aryl, and biar­yl) on the P atom. The P—H hydrogen atom of the phospho­nium ion was located in a difference Fourier map and refined without imposing additional restraints. In the crystal, the Cl− ions and water mol­ecules are linked by pairs of Owater—H⋯Cl− hydrogen bonds and further linked to the phospho­nium cation by P—H+⋯Cl− and CAr/OMe—H⋯Owater hydrogen bonds to form an infinite one-dimensional chain along the [010] direction.
Learning to hash on partial multi-modal data

Hashing approach becomes popular for fast similarity search in many large scale applications. Real world data are usually with multiple modalities or having different representations from multiple sources. Various hashing methods have been proposed to generate compact binary codes from multi-modal data. However, most existing multimodal hashing techniques assume that each data example appears in all modalities, or at least there is one modality containing all data examples. But in real applications, it is often the case that every modality suffers from the missing of some data and therefore results in many partial examples, i.e., examples with some modalities missing. In this paper, we present a novel hashing approach to deal with Partial Multi-Modal data. In particular, the hashing codes are learned by simultaneously ensuring the data consistency among different modalities via latent subspace learning, and preserving data similarity within the same modality through graph Laplacian. We then further improve the codes via orthogonal rotation based on the orthogonal invariant property of our formulation. Experiments on two multi-modal datasets demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed approach over several state-of-the-art multi-modal hashing methods.
Formalism and Judicial Supremacy in Federal Indian Common Law

In this article, Professor Skibine shows how in the last thirty years or so, the United States Supreme court has taken legal principles based on functionalism and transformed them into inflexible rules based on formalism. This has allowed the Court not only to rule against Indian tribal interests in 80% of its cases but also to achieve judicial supremacy in the field of Federal Indian law.
Life History or How Ethics Can Turn into a Research Methodology: A Review of Ardra L. Cole and J. Gary Knowles' Lives in Context

Life history research described in the book, Lives in Context by Ardra L. Cole and J. Gary Knowles, constitutes an exercise of scholarship and at the same time of sensitivity towards “the other.” The book represents a thorough account of a methodology that integrates the “ethical” as its leading dimension. The book consists of two parts. In the first part of the book the authors develop their approach to life history research. The second part includes articles of other researchers, who have put into practice similar perspectives. Key words: Qualitative Research, Life History, and Artistry
Expression of apurinic/apyrymidinic endonuclease/redox effector-1 (APE/Ref-1) is elevated with progression of human melanoma and the therapeutic potential of APE/Ref-1 inhibitors

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 4406 Human melanoma, a preventable malignancy, is among the most drug resistant and fatal malignancies. Apurinic/apyrymidinic endonuclease/redox effector-1 (APE/Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein involved in DNA base excision repair and maintenance of several transcription factors in an active reduced state such as AP-1 and NF-KB. To address the question of whether Ref-1 contributes to the malignant state of human melanoma, we first analyzed its expression levels in different melanoma cell lines and found that both nuclear and cytoplasm exhibited higher levels of Ref-1 compared to normal melanocytes. Similar observations were evident in dysplastic nevi and melanoma biopsies compared to normal skin using immunohistofluorescence assay with S100 and Ref-1 co-staining. Using a recombinant adenovirus, Adref-1, encoding full-length Ref-1, we transiently overexpressed Ref-1 in human cultured melanocytes which formed foci in cell culture compared to control virus. Ref-1 overexpression in primary melanoma wm3211 cells reduced apoptosis when these cells were treated with cisplatin, while an increase in apoptosis rate was observed in c81-46A cells infected with Ref-1 antisense construct. These observations suggested that intracellular Ref-1 levels play important role in melanoma cells sensitization to cisplatin treatment. Using EMSA assay we found that AP-1 DNA-binding activities were significantly diminished when anti-Ref-1 antibody was added to deplete Ref-1 from binding complexes in both primary and metastatic melanomas, indicating that Ref-1 is essential to maintain nuclear AP-1 signaling. Western blot assay demonstrated that cytoplasmic expression of Ref-1 was positively correlated with Bcl-2 levels in 5 different melanoma cell lines including early/late stage primary and metastasis melanomas. More interestingly, we found that Bcl-2 co-precipitated with Ref-1 both in cytoplasm and mitochondria extracts, suggesting a possible association between Ref-1 and Bcl-2. These observations support further investigation of novel strategies for cancer prevention or combination treatment that target Ref-1. Using three-dimentional computer modeling and virtual screening software, we have demonstrated that some compounds, especially resveratrol, a natural compound found in various fruits, vegetables and red wine, docks into one of the drugable pockets located in the redox regulation domain of Ref-1. Further studies showed that resveratrol effectively inhibited the endonuclease activities of Ref-1, as well as the redox activation of AP-1 DNA-binding activity in a dose-dependent manner in vitro . Taking resveratrol as the lead compound, we anticipate designing, synthesizing, and characterizing a strong inhibitor of APE/Ref-1 for subsequent use in the treatment and prevention of human melanomas in the clinic.
Energy Pipeline Networks and Trust: The European Union and Russia in Comparative Perspective

Energy pipeline networks tie nations together in webs of interdependence that are mutually beneficial but which also make countries vulnerable. This article explores the relationship between politi...
Simultaneous registration of intrathoracic, right intracardiac and systemic pressure in man.

SummaryA method is presented for the optical recording of intra-pleural pressure simultaneously with right heart pressure changes, utilizing the intracardiac catheterization technic in conjunction with a specially designed recording manometer and pleural catheter. Reproductions of several tracings are shown.
Hitmazrehut or Becoming of the East: Re-Orienting Israeli Social Mapping:

Through developing of the concept of hitmazrehut, the article highlights avenues for decolonializing and de-orientalizing sociopolitical theory and practice in Israel/Palestine. Hitmazrehut (litera...
Racial differences in parenting style typologies and heavy episodic drinking trajectories.

Objective This study examines racial differences between Whites and Blacks in the association of parenting style typologies with changes in heavy episodic drinking from adolescence to young adulthood. Method The analytic sample consists of 9,942 adolescents drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, which followed respondents from ages 12 to 31 years. Confirmatory factor analysis and factor mixture modeling are used to classify parenting style typologies based on measures of parental acceptance and control. Heavy Episodic Drinking (HED) trajectories are evaluated using a zero-inflated Poisson multigroup latent growth curve modeling approach. Results The mixture model identified 4 heterogeneous groups that differed based on the 2 latent variables (parental acceptance and control): balanced (65.8% of the sample), authoritarian (12.2%), permissive (19.4%), and uninvolved or neglectful (2.7%). Regardless of race, we found that at age 12 years, children of authoritarian parents have a higher probability of not engaging in HED than children of parents with balanced, permissive, or neglectful parenting styles. However, among Black youth who reported HED at age 12, authoritarian parenting was associated with greater level of HED at age 12 but a less steep increase in level of HED as age increased yearly as compared with balanced parenting. For White adolescents, uninvolved, permissive, and authoritarian parenting were not associated with a greater level of HED as age increased yearly as compared with adolescents exposed to balanced parenting. Conclusion The influence of parenting styles on HED during adolescence persists into young adulthood and differs by race for youth engaging in HED.
Information Structure of Smart Distribution Network

Information structure is an essential element for smart distribution network, which, on one hand, integrates advanced calculation technology, flexible high efficient communication, and powerful sensor devices to realize the smart "hardware" function; on the other hand, integrates the information about device resources, line geographic position, power system status, power system safety, energy supply, customer response, and so on, through the construction of a unified power grid model, to realize the smart "software" function. Information structure has made power grid more intelligent, since in any time span, it can process all information as a whole, so as to facilitate the connection of new energy form with distribution network, and meet the requirement for safety and security, environment protection and community participation. This paper has introduced the definition and background of smart distribution network, studied the basic components of the information structure applied to smart distribution network, described the candidate model of information in smart distribution network, analyzed the international standards available to the model, and explored the key to the development of information structure of smart distribution network.
Applications of machine learning methods to identifying and predicting building retrofit opportunities

Abstract Building energy conservation measures (ECMs) can significantly lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from urban areas; however, uncertainties regarding not only ECM eligibility, but also associated costs and energy savings have slowed adoption of ECMs. To encourage ECM implementation, local governments have implemented a range of policies designed to increase the available information on building energy use. Energy audit mandates, such as New York City (NYC)’s Local Law 87 (LL87), require energy consultants to analyze installed building systems and provide building stakeholders with cost effective ECM recommendations on a multi-year cycle. However, complete audits are costly and time consuming. To accelerate ECM implementation, policymakers are exploring ways to utilize available data to target ECMs across a city’s entire building stock. In this study, energy audit data for over 1100 buildings in NYC, submitted in compliance with LL87, are analyzed to identify opportunities for ECMs across building system categories (e.g. distribution system, domestic hot water, etc.). A machine learning classifier, specifically a user-facing falling rule list (FRL) classifier based on binary features derived from LL87 data, is developed here to predict ECM eligibility given a specific set of building characteristics. Overall, the trained FRL classifier performs well (ROC AUC 0.72–0.86) for predicting cooling system, distribution system, domestic hot water, fuel switching, lighting, and motors ECM opportunities, which represent a majority of the auditor-recommended ECMs in the sample. Additionally, linear decision lists developed by the model allow building stakeholders to easily conduct streamlined audits of building systems and identify possible ECM opportunities by limiting input to the most relevant factors and prioritizing likely retrofit candidates. The implications of this work are significant in accelerating the adoption of building ECMs and catalyzing energy use and GHG emissions reductions from buildings.
Electromagnetic modeling of 2D electronic mode-stirred reverberating chambers for electromagnetic compatibility and interference analysis and design: Research Articles

This research concentrates on developing a complete theoretical tool to analyze the electronic mode-stirred reverberating chamber. A 2D modeling of the EM fields is performed, which can then readily be extended to a 3D analysis of the cavity. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is implemented to discretize the Maxwell's equations. With our newly proposed method, the electromagnetic-field characteristics can be easily studied inside the reverberating chamber under a realistic circumstance, thus opening doors to the analysis of a large spectrum of problems related to both commercial and military applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2005.
The New Natural Gas Futures Market - Is it Efficient?:

Aspects of the natural gas futures market are discussed. In particular, the efficiency of the natural gas futures market is evaluated using a regression equation. It is found that the market has behaved more like an inefficient market than an efficient one. A variety of tests are applied to the estimated equation. These tests suggest that the estimated equation provides a good summary of the relationship between spot and futures prices for the time period. In addition, the equation is found to produce accurate forecasts.
A Chi-Squared Statistic for Comparing the Independence of Out-of-Sample Factor Returns

We present a simple asymptotic statistic to evaluated the independence of factor return series when computed from orthogonal loadings used out-of-sample.
Continuous multi-views tracking using tensor voting

The paper presents a new approach for continuous tracking of moving objects observed by multiple fixed cameras. The continuous tracking of moving objects in each view is realized using a tensor voting based approach. We infer objects' trajectories by performing a perceptual grouping in 2D+t using tensor voting. Also, a multi-scale approach to bridge gaps in object trajectories is presented The trajectories obtained from the multiple cameras are registered in space and time, allowing a synchronization of the video streams and a continuous tracking of objects across multiple views. We demonstrate the performance of the system on several real video surveillance sequences.
Information content of bistatic lidar observations of aerosols from space

We present, for the first time, a quantitative retrieval error-propagation study for a bistatic high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL) system intended for detailed quasi-global monitoring of aerosol properties from space. Our results demonstrate that supplementing a conventional monostatic HSRL with an additional receiver flown in formation at a scattering angle close to 165° dramatically increases the information content of the measurements and allows for a sufficiently accurate characterization of tropospheric aerosols. We conclude that a bistatic HSRL system would far exceed the capabilities of currently flown or planned orbital instruments in monitoring global aerosol effects on the environment and on the Earth's climate. We also demonstrate how the commonly used a priori "regularization" methodology can artificially reduce the propagated uncertainties and can thereby be misleading as to the real retrieval capabilities of a measurement system.
A Medical Mystery: Unexplained Renal Failure in Burn Patients

The objective of this study was to review the investigation that uncovered the medical mystery of burn patients developing unexpected renal failure. The authors examined published and unpublished manuscripts and case reports, as well as conducted personal interviews with primary sources. In the late 1970s, emergence of resistant bacterial strains to the topical antimicrobial silver sulfadiazine occurred at the University of Virginia Medical Center. In the search for an alternative topical antimicrobial with known coverage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Furacin Soluble Dressing was substituted. However, Furacin Soluble Dressing produced an unexpected toxicity syndrome of hyperosmolality, metabolic gap acidosis, hypercalcemia, and ultimately renal failure. In a search for an antimicrobial with an improved spectrum against Pseudomonas, a Federal Drug Administration-approved product was used to treat large surface area burns. An unexpected toxicity syndrome developed which was traced to the polyethylene glycol base of Furacin Soluble Dressing. This substance was absorbed through the burn wounds, metabolized, and resulted in a toxicity syndrome leading to renal failure. The burn community should be cautious when using products that may be approved as nontoxic for small surface area application, as they may have unexpected medical side effects when used with large surface area burns.
Predictable Wireless Networking for Real-Time Cyber-Physical-Human Systems: Poster Abstract

Predictable wireless networking is a basis for real-time cyber-physical-human (CPH) systems such as those in augmented reality connected and automated vehicles, and industrial automation, and a fundamental problem in predictable wireless networking is predictable control of intra-network interference in the presence of dynamics and uncertainties. We present the Physical-Ratio-K (PRK) wireless interference model, and we discuss PRK-based scheduling in both mostly immobile and mobile networks. By enabling predictable control of intra-network interference while only requiring local coordination between close-by nodes, PRK-based scheduling enables holistic, multi-scale approaches to predictable wireless networking by enabling effective integration of scheduling with channel assignment, power control, rate control, and advanced communication techniques to address complex dynamics and uncertainties in wireless communication (e.g., fast-varying channel fading and external interference).
Identifying Barriers to Delivering the Awakening and Breathing Coordination, Delirium, and Early Exercise/Mobility Bundle to Minimize Adverse Outcomes for Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A Systematic Review

Background Improved outcomes are associated with the Awakening and Breathing Coordination, Delirium, and Early exercise/mobility bundle (ABCDE); however, implementation issues are common. As yet, no study has integrated the barriers to ABCDE to provide an overview of reasons for less successful efforts. The purpose of this review was to identify and catalog the barriers to ABCDE delivery based on a widely used implementation framework, and to provide a resource to guide clinicians in overcoming barriers to implementation. Methods We searched MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus for original research articles from January 1, 2007, to August 31, 2016, that identified barriers to ABCDE implementation for adult patients in the ICU. Two reviewers independently reviewed studies, extracted barriers, and conducted thematic content analysis of the barriers, guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Discrepancies were discussed, and consensus was achieved. Results Our electronic search yielded 1,908 articles. After applying our inclusion/exclusion criteria, we included 49 studies. We conducted thematic content analysis of the 107 barriers and identified four classes of ABCDE barriers: (1) patient-related (ie, patient instability and safety concerns); (2) clinician-related (ie, lack of knowledge, staff safety concerns); (3) protocol-related (ie, unclear protocol criteria, cumbersome protocols to use); and, not previously identified in past reviews, (4) ICU contextual barriers (ie, interprofessional team care coordination). Conclusions We provide the first, to our knowledge, systematic differential diagnosis of barriers to ABCDE delivery, moving beyond the conventional focus on patient-level factors. Our analysis offers a differential diagnosis checklist for clinicians planning ABCDE implementation to improve patient care and outcomes.
Exposure of bighorn sheep to domestic goats colonized with Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae induces sub-lethal pneumonia.

Background Bronchopneumonia is a population limiting disease of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) that has been associated with contact with domestic Caprinae. The disease is polymicrobial but is initiated by Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, which is commonly carried by both domestic sheep (O. aries) and goats (Capra aegagrus hircus). However, while previous bighorn sheep comingling studies with domestic sheep have resulted in nearly 100% pneumonia mortality, only sporadic occurrence of fatal pneumonia was reported from previous comingling studies with domestic goats. Here, we evaluated the ability of domestic goats of defined M. ovipneumoniae carriage status to induce pneumonia in comingled bighorn sheep. Methodology/principal findings In experiment 1, three bighorn sheep naive to M. ovipneumoniae developed non-fatal respiratory disease (coughing, nasal discharge) following comingling with three naturally M. ovipneumoniae-colonized domestic goats. Gross and histological lesions of pneumonia, limited to small areas on the ventral and lateral edges of the anterior and middle lung lobes, were observed at necropsies conducted at the end of the experiment. A control group of three bighorn sheep from the same source housed in isolation during experiment 1 remained free of observed respiratory disease. In experiment 2, three bighorn sheep remained free of observed respiratory disease while comingled with three M. ovipneumoniae-free domestic goats. In experiment 3, introduction of a domestic goat-origin strain of M. ovipneumoniae to the same comingled goats and bighorn sheep used in experiment 2 resulted in clinical signs of respiratory disease (coughing, nasal discharge) in both host species. At the end of experiment 3, gross and histological evidence of pneumonia similar to that observed in experiment 1 bighorn sheep was observed in both affected bighorn sheep and domestic goats. Conclusions/significance M. ovipneumoniae strains carried by domestic goats were transmitted to comingled bighorn sheep, triggering development of pneumonia. However, the severity of the disease was markedly milder than that seen in similar experiments with domestic sheep strains of the bacterium.
Decomposition of Linear, Decentralised, Stochastic Control Problems

Abstract A new decomposition theoretic algorithm for the linear stochastic decentralized control problem is proposed. The possibility of on-line implementation of the algorithm is described. For a situation in which control gains must be updated on line to account for changes in system structure and parameters, such an implementation results in a hierarchical, decentralized control structure with limited requirement for real time information transfer.