cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Sexual Content in Music and Dating and Sexual Behaviors of Emerging Adults

The current study examined the relationship between sexual content in music lyrics, music videos, and the public image of popular music artists and the sexual behaviors of emerging adults. It was hypothesized that there would be a negative association between sexual content in music and sexual behaviors. Participants included 729 male and female college students from Caucasian, African American, Asian, and Hispanic backgrounds who listened to rap, R&B, pop, rock, and country music genres. Findings indicated variations in sexual content based on music genre and that music lyrics, music videos, and the public image of artists all contain sexual content. Results also indicated variations in music genre preference based on participant gender and race/ethnicity. Results from hierarchical regression analyses indicated that sexual lyrical content, sexual content in music videos, and sexual references of popular music artists are correlated with the dating and sexual behaviors of participants. Theoretical and cul...
Primary Pulmonary NUT Midline Carcinoma: Clinical, Radiographic, and Pathologic Characterizations.

NUT midline carcinoma (NMC) is a poorly differentiated tumor typically driven by a t(15;19) rearrangement leading to a NUT fusion event. This rare and uniformly fatal tumor arises in multiple organ sites; however the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic characteristics of primary pulmonary NMC are poorly defined. We identified eight cases of primary pulmonary NMC in our consult practice over 4 years and, using a NUT immunohistochemistry screen, retrospectively identified one additional case from 166 (0.6%) consecutive in-house biopsies of lung carcinomas lacking glandular differentiation. Eight cases had available clinical and radiographic data and shared a remarkable degree of similarity. The median age at presentation was 30 (range 21–68). Six patients had little or no smoking history. All complained of 1 to 3 months of cough at presentation. Computed tomography scans showed a large, centrally located primary mass with confluent involvement of mediastinal lymph nodes, pleural disease, and sparing of the contralateral lung. Lytic bone metastases were common but brain metastases were absent in all cases. Pathologically, all cases showed primitive-appearing round to epitheloid cells growing in nests and sheets. All tumors expressed keratin, p63 or p40, and NUT protein. Eight cases had a fluorescence in situ hybridization-proven BRD4-NUT or BRD3-NUT rearrangement; one case was presumed to have a NUT-variant fusion event. Median overall survival was 2.2 months. Despite the rarity of primary pulmonary NMC, it is important to recognize this entity to counsel patients regarding outcome and to identify candidates for targeted BRD inhibitors currently in clinical trials.
The Politics of the Nazi Past in Germany and Austria: Combating the Far Right in Germany

Over the past two decades, the rise of the far right has dramatically altered party landscapes across Western Europe. Right-wing populist parties have captured double-digit vote shares in national parliamentary elections in eight different Western European states. In Italy, Austria, the Netherlands, and Sweden, far-right parties have entered national coalition governments. In both Norway and Denmark, the national government currently depends upon the toleration of the right-wing populist parties. On the subnational level, far-right parties have become the largest parties in many regions and cities in Western Europe. For all the attention lavished upon them, it is often overlooked that the electoral success of right-wing parties in Western Europe has not been uniform. In some states, no right-wing populist party has emerged. In both Sweden and the Netherlands, such parties imploded after brief successes. In Germany, the subject of this chapter, the REP failed to consolidate itself in the party system despite persistently high unemployment, a large foreign-born population, and a host of shocks associated with absorbing a former Communist state. Other right-wing political and intellectual movements in Germany have fared little better. Why has the far right succeeded in some states and failed in others? Existing explanations focus on immigration, unemployment, electoral institutions, and the political program of right-wing populist parties. Using Germany as a case to evaluate these arguments, this chapter shows that none of them provide a compelling account for the failure of the REPs.
Overlearning, fluency, and automaticity

ofperformance. However, examination oftheliteratures surrounding thesetermssuggests that thethreeapparently distinct concepts maybethesame.Theconfusion concerning these termsmaybepartly the result oftheir development andusein separate literatures. Overlearning
A Low-Budget Computer for Laboratory Applications

An inexpensive computer can provide many of the most needed and used functions in the laboratory. Such a low-budget computer has been in use in our laboratory for several years in word processing, accessioning of specimens, data analysis, and other functions. Hardware, software, cost, several applications, and the advantages and disadvantages of the inexpensive computer are discussed in the article.
Alterations of surface properties of chick embryo fibroblasts infected with four Rous sarcoma viruses producing distinctive cell transformation.

SummaryFour cloned strains of RSV producing different morphological changes and varying degrees of loss of contact inhibition of chick embryo fibroblasts on infection and transformation of these cells in vitro induce similar marked elevations in the activities of the UDP-galactose and GDP-mannose glycosyl transferase ectoenzyme systems when compared to normal or RAV-1 infected cells. Such transformed cells also exhibit significant elevations in their electrophoretic mobilities when compared to control or RAV-1 infected cells. Thus the type of morphological change or the degree of loss of contact inhibition is not related to these cell surface changes in RSV transformed cells.
Mexico's "Green Revolution," 1940-1980: Towards an Environmental History

In agriculture, Mexico was the birthplace of the modem "Green Revolution."1 From 1940 to 1965, agricultural output in Mexico increased fourfold.' During this period, Mexico went from importing food to more than meeting its domestic food requirements. Its stunning agricultural accomplishments were widely heralded. Mexican agriculture was used as a model by the Rockefeller Foundation, the U.S. Agency for International Development (AID), the World Bank, and other agencies, to promote Green Revolution technology packages around the world. By the end of the 1970s, however, something was amiss with Mexico's "miracle in agriculture." After a decade of sluggish growth in agricultural productivity, coupled with rapid population growth, Mexico began importing large quantities of basic food grains. Barkin proclaimed "the end of food self-sufficiency" in Mexico;3 others termed it "Mexico's agricultural dilemma";4 and Mexico's "food crisis."5
On support varieties for Lie superalgebras and finite supergroup schemes

Abstract We study the spectrum of the cohomology rings of cocommutative Hopf superalgebras, restricted and non-restricted Lie superalgebras, and finite supergroup schemes. We also investigate support varieties in these settings and demonstrate that they have the desirable properties of such a theory. We completely characterize support varieties for finite supergroup schemes over algebraically closed fields of characteristic zero, while for non-restricted Lie superalgebras in positive characteristic we obtain descriptions that are suggestive of varieties previously defined by Duflo and Serganova in characteristic zero but which have no known cohomological interpretation. Our computations for restricted Lie superalgebras and infinitesimal supergroup schemes provide natural generalizations of foundational results of Friedlander and Parshall and of Bendel, Friedlander, and Suslin in the classical setting.
Structural Characterization of Serum N-Glycans by Methylamidation, Fluorescent Labeling, and Analysis by Microchip Electrophoresis

To characterize the structures of N-glycans derived from human serum, we report a strategy that combines microchip electrophoresis, standard addition, enzymatic digestion, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). We compared (i) electrophoretic mobilities of known N-glycans from well-characterized (standard) glycoproteins through standard addition, (ii) the electrophoretic mobilities of N-glycans with their molecular weights determined by MALDI-MS, and (iii) electrophoretic profiles of N-glycans enzymatically treated with fucosidase. The key step to identify the sialylated N-glycans was to quantitatively neutralize the negative charge on both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids by covalent derivatization with methylamine. Both neutralized and nonsialylated N-glycans from these samples were then reacted with 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (APTS) to provide a fluorescent label and a triple-negative charge, separated by microchip electrophoresis, and detected by lase...
Sediment source identification and load prediction in a mixed-use Piedmont watershed, South Carolina.

Many streams in the Piedmont region of the southeastern United States transport a disproportionately large amount of suspended sediment in response to moderately increased streamflows. Transport and deposition of excess sediment affect the stability of the channel and the health of the biological community; therefore, identifying the main source(s) of sediment and assessing the relationships between source, transport, and streamflow are critical to aquatic life and habitat management, dynamic equilibrium preservation, and development of feasible mitigation scenarios. The objectives of this study were to: (1) predict the annual suspended sediment yield and (2) identify significant contributing upland sources of sediment in the Lawsons Fork Creek basin, a 217 km2 mixed-use watershed in the South Carolina Piedmont. A regularly monitored cross-section located in the downstream reach was equipped with a passive sediment sampler, gage-height recorder, and sediment tiles. Streamflow and sediment concentration were measured over a 24-month period under variable hydrologic regimes. Results indicated that the average annual sediment yield (168 t/km2/yr) is significantly higher than yields documented in Piedmont watersheds of comparable size. To identify and prioritize sources of sediment contribution, stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) were used as tracers. Source material was compared with suspended sediment near the watershed outlet (target material) and SIAR, a Bayesian Inference model, was used to estimate source apportionment. Results of this source study indicate that approximately 60% of the total sediment load in the water column during high flow events is derived from stream bank erosion. Findings are consistent with observed unstable stream bank conditions in the watershed. This study supports the use of a dual-isotopic fingerprinting approach in tandem with traditional sediment monitoring as a cost-effective method to identify and target sediment sources in a mixed-use watershed.
An Examination of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Pilots’ Interaction with Air Traffic Control while Responding to Detect and Avoid Conflicts

New performance standards for a detect and avoid (DAA) system are being developed to support the broader integration of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into the National Airspace System (NAS). One subset of these performance standards will address the minimum DAA display requirements to support pilot performance on maintaining well clear of other aircraft. These performance standards must take into account the current air traffic control (ATC) operational environment. In particular, the DAA system, and pilots’ interactions with that system, must account for the requirement for pilots to request a clearance for deviations from their approved instrument flight rules route. A series of human-in-the-loop (HITL) experiments were conducted to help identify the minimum information requirements for DAA displays. As part of these experiments, several pilot-ATC interaction metrics were collected, such as the amount of time it took pilots to request an ATC clearance prior to executing a maneuver to maintain well cle...
Predictors of adequate ultrasound quality for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in patients with cirrhosis.

SummaryBackground Abdominal ultrasound fails to detect over one-fourth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at an early stage in patients with cirrhosis. Identifying patients in whom ultrasound is of inadequate quality can inform interventions to improve surveillance effectiveness. Aim To evaluate and identify predictors of ultrasound quality in patients with cirrhosis. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study among patients who underwent ultrasound examination for a cirrhosis-related indication between April 2015 and October 2015. Three fellowship-trained abdominal radiologists collectively reviewed all ultrasound exams and categorised exam quality as definitely adequate, likely adequate, likely inadequate and definitely inadequate to exclude liver lesions. We performed multivariable logistic regression to determine characteristics associated with inadequate ultrasound quality. Results Among 941 patients, 191 (20.3%) ultrasounds were inadequate for excluding HCC- 134 definitely inadequate and 57 likely inadequate. In multivariable analysis, inadequate quality was associated with male gender (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.14–2.48), body mass index category (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.45–1.93), Child–Pugh B or C cirrhosis (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.32–2.81), alcohol-related cirrhosis (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.33–3.37), NASH cirrhosis (OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.71–4.80), and in-patient status (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.01–2.37). Ultrasounds were inadequate in over one-third of patients with Child–Pugh C cirrhosis, BMI >35, or NASH cirrhosis. Conclusions One in five ultrasounds in patients with cirrhosis are inadequate for exclusion of HCC, which can contribute to surveillance failure. Alternative surveillance modalities are needed in subgroups prone to inadequate ultrasounds including obese patients, those with Child Pugh B or C cirrhosis, and those with alcohol- or NASH-related cirrhosis.
Aminophospholipid Translocase Activity and Phosphatidylserine Externalization in Sickle Red Blood Cell Subpopulations.

Red blood cell (RBC) membrane phosphatidylserine (PS) is normally confined to the inner leaflet. In sickle RBC, however, PS externalization has been observed and may contribute to thrombogenesis, endothelial adhesion, and shortened RBC lifespan. Increased calcium leads to PS externalization through inhibition of aminophospholipid translocase (APLT), which normally returns external PS to the inner leaflet, and activation of phospholipid scramblase, which allows nonspecific phospholipid equilibration between the leaflets. Sickle RBC in the light and dense (dehydrated) fractions exhibit increased PS externalization compared to sickle RBC in the normal density fractions. Sickle RBC with modest PS exposure (Type I PS+) occur in both light and dense fractions and, especially in the light fractions, include many reticulocytes. Sickle Cells with high levels of PS exposure (Type II PS+) occur predominantly in the dense fraction. Type II PS+ sickle cells have low levels of HbF, are more adherent than Type I PS+ cells, and tend to increase in number as sickle cells age in the circulation. Dense sickle cells have decreased APLT activity and this has been considered necessary (but probably not sufficient) for PS externalization. In the current studies we have examined the relationship between PS externalization and translocase activity in sickle cell density fractions. APLT activity and PS externalization were determined flow cytometrically using NBD-PS internalization and annexin V-phycoerythrin binding respectively. Sickle RBC density fractions were isolated using a discontinuous Optiprep® gradient, and two fractions were selected for further study, Fx 4 with essentially normal hydration (1.093 1.120 g/cc). As expected, Fx 6 sickle RBC had a decreased percentage of APLT positive cells (29.9±10.8, N=4) compared to normal RBC (94.5±3.6, N=3) and Fx 4 sickle RBC (92.9±2.3, N=4). Fx 4 contained 5.7±2.8% Type I and 0.3±0.2% Type II PS+ cells. Fx 6 had 9.1±2.5% Type I and 3.2±2.3% Type II PS+ cells. Figure 1 shows the percentage of APLT positive cells in the PS negative (PS-), Type I PS+, and Type II PS+ groups for Fx 4 and Fx 6. Type I PS+ cells in Fx 4 are positive for APLT, whereas those in Fx 6 are mostly negative. In Fx 4, the Type I PS+ group most likely contains many reticulocytes, and in a separate experiment TfR+ reticulocytes had a uniform, slightly elevated APLT activity. The Type II PS+ cells in both Fx 4 and Fx 6 had decreased percentages of APLT positive cells. It thus appears that high levels of PS externalization, regardless of hydration state, are associated with low APLT activity. We therefore conclude: 1. In normally hydrated sickle cells, Type II PS+ cells, but not Type I PS+ cells, are associated with decreased APLT; 2. In dense sickle RBC, both Type I and Type II PS+ cells are associated with decreased APLT. These results further emphasize the pathologic nature of the Type II PS+ sickle cells. ![ Fig 1. ][1] Fig 1. APLT Activity is PS Groups form F × 4 and F × 6 [1]: pending:yes
ASYMPTOTIC TRACKING AND DISTURBANCE REJECTION IN NONLINEAR SYSTEMS

This paper discusses the problem of controlling a plant modeled by nonlinear differential equations, in order to have its output tracking andreject- ing all references anddisturbances produced by a fixed external generator.
Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty vs Total Knee Arthroplasty for Medial Compartment Arthritis in Patients Older Than 75 Years: Comparable Reoperation, Revision, and Complication Rates

Abstract Background Prior studies comparing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the elderly are limited by heterogeneity in arthritic disease patterns and patient selection. We report the results of UKA and TKA in patients 75 years and older with isolated medial compartmental arthritis, with special emphasis on immediate postoperative recovery, complications, reoperation rates, and implant survivorship at midterm follow-up. Methods A retrospective review was performed of all patients 75 years and older who underwent UKA or TKA at our institution between 2002 and 2012. All TKA preoperative X-rays were reviewed by a blind observer to identify knees with isolated medial compartmental arthritis considered acceptable candidates for UKA. Patients with less than 2 years of follow-up, flexion contracture greater than 10°, and rheumatoid arthritis were excluded. The final sample included 120 UKA (106 patients) and 188 TKA (170 patients) procedures. Patient records were reviewed to determine early postoperative recovery, complications, reoperations for any reason, and implant survivorship. Results UKA patients experienced significantly shorter operative time, shorter hospital stay, lower intraoperative estimated blood loss, lower postoperative transfusions, greater postoperative range of motion, and higher level of activity at time of discharge. Two UKA and 2 TKA patients required revision surgery. There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative Knee Society Scores. There were no differences in 5-year survivorship estimates. Conclusion Due to its less invasive nature, patients older than 75 undergoing UKA demonstrated faster initial recovery when compared to TKA, while maintaining comparable complications and midterm survivorship. UKA should be offered as an option in the elderly patient who fits the selection criteria for UKA.
Heritable Renal Phosphate Wasting Disorders

Heritable disorders of disturbed renal phosphate handling are the most common causes of rickets and osteomalacia in developed countries. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the biochemical abnormalities and abnormal bone/cartilage mineralization in these diseases are complex, and our current models are incomplete, albeit they have grown remarkably over the past decade. Isolated renal phosphate wasting and consequent low serum phosphorus concentrations may result from a variety of genetic disorders that include: autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR), X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH), and autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets (ARHR). Seminal findings have confirmed a central role for the endocrine molecule, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Understanding the inter-relationships between the gene mutations underlying these disorders and regulation of FGF23 production and proteolysis has provided new and unanticipated therapeutic targets for management of this constellation of diseases. These advances have resulted from ground-breaking studies in humans and animal models that promise to fuel further successful studies.
Soil plug behaviour of open-ended pipe piles during installation

This study experimentally investigates the effects of the pile diameter and initial soil density on the change of the soil plug state during pile driving through model pile tests. Model piles with ...
Molecular Dynamics Applications in Packaging

Development of integrated circuits (IC) and semiconductor chips has narrowed dimensions of electronic components to length scales of nanometer size. However, design and manufacture of nano-scale electronic components need extensive understanding of material properties at small length scales, preferably at the atomistic level. Behavior of materials at nanometer scale is significantly influenced by size effects; behaviors of materials significantly change at nanometer level compared in macroscopic world due to size effects. As a result, electronic packaging has to adopt significant design requirements associated with the tremendous reduction in size.
Tracking hazardous aerial plumes using IoT-enabled drone swarms

Emergency response teams are charged with ensuring citizen safety from life-threatening events such as structural fires, vehicle accidents, and hazardous material spills. While managing such events is dangerous, the release of hazardous materials, such as toxic chemicals, into the atmosphere is particularly challenging. Upon arrival at a scene, response teams must quickly identify the hazardous substance and the contaminated area to limit exposure to nearby population centers. For airborne toxins, this assessment is complicated by environmental conditions, such as changes in wind speed and direction that can cause hazardous, aerial plumes to move dynamically. Without a way to dynamically monitor and assess atmospheric conditions during these events, response teams must conservatively predict the extent of the contaminated area and then orchestrate evacuations and reroute traffic to ensure the safety of nearby populations. In this paper, we propose outfitting swarms of drones with Internet of Things (IoT) sensor platforms to enable dynamic tracking of hazardous aerial plumes. Augmenting drones with sensors enables emergency response teams to maintain safe distances during hazard identification, minimizing first response team exposure. Additionally, we integrate sensor-based particulate detection with autonomous drone flight control providing the capability to dynamically identify and track the boundaries of aerial plumes in real time. This enables first responders to visually identify plume movement and better predict and isolate the impact area. We describe the composition of our prototype IoT-enhanced drone system and describe our initial evaluations.
Measures of Systemic Innate Immune Function Predict the Risk of Nosocomial Infection in Pediatric Burn Patients.

Critical injury induced immune suppression has been associated with adverse outcomes. This acquired form of immunosuppression is poorly understood in pediatric burn patients, who have infectious complication rates as high as 71%. Our primary objectives were to determine if thermal injury results in early innate immune dysfunction and is associated with increased risk for nosocomial infections (NI). We performed a prospective, longitudinal immune function observational study at a single pediatric burn center. Whole blood samples from burn patients within the first week of injury were used to assess innate immune function. Nosocomial infections were defined using CDC criteria. Immune parameters were compared between patients who went on to develop NI and those that did not. We enrolled a total of 34 patients with 12 developing a NI. Within the first three days of injury, children whom developed NI had significantly lower whole blood ex vivo LPS-induced TNFα production capacity (434 pg/mL vs. 960 pg/mL, p =0.0015), CD14 + monocyte counts (273 cells/µL vs. 508 cells/µL, p =0.01), and % HLA-DR expression on CD14 + monocytes (54% vs. 92%, p =0.02) compared to those that did not develop infection. Plasma cytokine levels did not have a significant difference between the NI and no NI groups. Early innate immune suppression can occur following pediatric thermal injury and appears to be a risk factor for the development of nosocomial infections. Plasma cytokines alone may not be a reliable predictor of the development of NI.
Linguistic marking, strategy, and affect in syllogistic reasoning

It has repeatedly been shown that three-term-series problems with unmarked comparatives (e.g., taller, higher) are solved more quickly than otherwise identical problems using their marked opposites (e.g., shorter, lower). Clark's principle of lexical marking accounts for these results in terms of a simpler semantic featural coding of the unmarked comparative with respect to its marked counterpart. Huttenlocher's theory of spatial imagery accounts for these same results via the subjects' mental ordering of the three terms as instructed by the problem statements. The present research demonstrated that while the lower latency of the unmarked adjective is a reliable effect, congruent ordering strategies are necessary for significant results. Subjects who order terms from unmarked to marked produce significant results for Clark's principle of lexical marking. Those who order terms in opposite direction do not. Further, it is shown that the choice of direction of ordering is itself significantly influenced by the affective value of the adjectives in context and to the individual subject.
The Executive Dilemma

One of the most controversial aspects of factory automation concerns the economic aspects of advanced manufacturing technologies. My experience has convinced me that this financial issue is causing some real problems for executives. These new technologies have a huge potential to increase productivity, but that potential is being roadblocked in many cases by the misuse of financial analysis tools. The problem is that we are not sure how to calculate the returns on the investments in flexible automation.
The Syntax of Metaphorical Semantic Roles

The topic of this paper arose several years ago during a conversation with Chuck Fillmore, whose theory of case grammar brought the study of semantic roles into generative linguistics. When I asked Fillmore what he thought the main problem with case grammar had been, he replied that it was the proliferation of semantic roles, or what were then called ‘deep cases.’ He gave the example of the word through, which expresses the PATH role in sentences like (1) I drove through the tunnel. But in sentences like (2) I got myjob throughmy uncle. through has to have a different semantic role, since “my uncle” does not define a spatial path. This was a problem for the following reason: one of the main attractions of the theory of semantic roles is its use of a very small set of such roles, like Agent, Patient, Source, Path, Goal, and so on. But, Fillmore observed, as one looks at more and more examples, the number of semantic roles seems to proliferate, despite the fact the grammaticalinventory for expressing them is relatively small.
Supervised Learning Approaches with Majority Voting for DNS Tunneling Detection

The use of covert-channel methods to bypass security policies has increasing in the last years. Malicious users neutralize security restriction encapsulating protocols like peer-to-peer, chat or http proxy into other allowed protocols like DNS or HTTP. This paper illustrates different approaches to detect one particular covert channel technique: DNS tunneling.
The Influence of Alcohol Intoxication on Adolescent Sexual Intercourse and Contraception Use.

We use the method of situational decomposition in an attempt to identify the causal effect of alcohol intoxication on adolescent sexual intercourse and contraception use. This approach assumes that...
The Conflict Between Constitutionally Constraining the State and Empowering the State to Provide Public Goods

James M. Buchanan advocated constitutional constraints on tax-funded activity in order to limit it to cases where government could provide Pareto improvements, namely “genuinely public goods of the pure Samuelsonian type.” However, even the most benevolent government agents cannot improve on imperfect market outcomes in the presence of free-rider or demand-revelation problems because—being human and not omniscient—they cannot know the public’s true but necessarily unobserved willingness to pay for unpriced services. The claim that project x’s expense to each individual will be exceeded by the value the individual places on its services can never be falsified given the free-rider or demand-revelation problem built into the Samuelsonian concept of a public good. It follows that to give a human bureaucracy the constitutional mandate to provide public goods would provide no firm barrier to the scope of government.
The Morphosyntax of -st

This chapter provides a detailed look at the morphosyntax of the -st morpheme which marks many argument structure alternations and plays a major role in much of the rest of the book. The primary goal here is to defend the view that -st has the morphosyntax of a clitic, rather than a suffix. While the clitic analysis has been around for some time, there is also a long tradition arguing that it is a suffix with no systematic syntactic function. The point of this chapter is to demonstrate that there are no valid arguments against a clitic analysis of -st, and there are several fairly strong arguments in favor of such an analysis. The arguments here are mostly cross-linguistic, rather than language internal ones: every property claimed to disqualify -st as a clitic is also found as a property of elements that are uncontroversially considered to be clitics. The fact that -st behaves like clitics cross-linguistically paves the way for the analysis developed in subsequent chapters, where -st is argued to be an expletive clitic that occupies various argument positions syntactically, with different semantic effects in different positions. The chapter closes with a survey of various possible clitic analyses that are compatible with the results in subsequent chapters.
Is It All About the Money? How Campaigns Spur Participation in State Court Elections

AbstractCompetitive, vigorous campaigns have been shown to increase participation across a variety of elections, including those at the state and local level. Building on previous work that examine...
Detection of Virulence Plasmid–Encoded Genes in Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Kentucky Isolates Recovered from Commercially Processed Chicken Carcasses

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is one of the leading causes of nontyphoidal gastroenteritis of humans in the United States. Commercially processed poultry carcasses are frequently contaminated with Salmonella serovar Kentucky in the United States. The aim of the study was to detect the Salmonella virulence plasmid containing the spv genes from Salmonella isolates recovered from commercially processed chicken carcasses. A total of 144 Salmonella isolates (Salmonella Typhimurium, n = 72 and Salmonella Kentucky, n = 72) were used for isolation of plasmids and detection of corresponding virulence genes (spvA, spvB, and spvC). Only four (5.5%) Salmonella Typhimurium isolates tested positive for all three virulence genes and hence were classified as possessing the virulence plasmid. All isolates of Salmonella Kentucky were negative for the virulence plasmid and genes. These results indicate that the virulence plasmid, which is very common among clinical isolates of Typhimurium and other Salmonella serovars (e.g., Enteritidis, Dublin, Choleraesuis, Gallinarum, Pullorum, and Abortusovis), may not be present in a significant portion of commercially processed chicken carcass isolates.
Design of a Smooth Landing Trajectory Tracking System for a Fixed-wing Aircraft

This paper presents a landing controller for a fixed-wing aircraft during the landing phase, ensuring the aircraft reaches the touchdown point smoothly. The landing problem is converted to a finite-time linear quadratic tracking (LQT) problem in which an aircraft needs to track the desired landing path in the longitudinal-vertical plane while satisfying performance requirements and flight constraints. First, we design a smooth trajectory that meets flight performance requirements and constraints. Then, an optimal controller is designed to minimize the tracking error, while landing the aircraft within the desired time-frame. For this purpose, a linearized model of an aircraft developed under the assumption of a small flight path angle and a constant approach speed is used. The resulting Differential Riccati equation is solved backward in time using the Dormand Prince algorithm. Simulation results show a satisfactory tracking performance and the finite-time convergence of tracking errors for different initial conditions of the flare-out phase of landing.
Human Neutrophils Will Crawl Upstream on ICAM-1 If Mac-1 Is Blocked

Abstract The recruitment of neutrophils to sites of inflammatory insult is a hallmark of the innate immune response. Neutrophil recruitment is regulated by a multistep process that includes cell rolling, activation, adhesion, and transmigration through the endothelium commonly referred to as the leukocyte adhesion cascade. After selectin-mediated braking, neutrophils migrate along the activated vascular endothelium on which ligands, including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), are expressed. Previous studies have shown that two cells that commonly home from blood vessel to tissue—T cells and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells—use the integrin lymphocyte functional antigen-1 (LFA-1) to migrate against the direction of shear flow once adherent on ICAM-1 surfaces. Like T cells and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, neutrophils express LFA-1, but they also express macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1), which binds to ICAM-1. Previous reports have shown that neutrophils will not migrate against the direction of flow on ICAM-1, but we hypothesized this was due to the influence of Mac-1. Here, we report that both the HL-60 neutrophil-like cell line and primary human neutrophils can migrate against the direction of fluid flow on ICAM-1 surfaces via LFA-1 if Mac-1 is blocked; otherwise, they migrate downstream. We demonstrate this both on ICAM-1 surfaces and on activated endothelium. In sum, both LFA-1 and Mac-1 binding ICAM-1 play a critical role in determining the direction of neutrophil migration along the endothelium, and their interaction may play an important role in controlling neutrophil trafficking during inflammation.
Revealing Ferroelectric Switching Character Using Deep Recurrent Neural Networks

The ability to manipulate domains underpins function in applications of ferroelectrics. While there have been demonstrations of controlled nanoscale manipulation of domain structures to drive emergent properties, such approaches lack an internal feedback loop required for automatic manipulation. Here, using a deep sequence-to-sequence autoencoder we automate the extraction of latent features of nanoscale ferroelectric switching from piezoresponse force spectroscopy of tensile-strained PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 with a hierarchical domain structure. We identify characteristic behavior in the piezoresponse and cantilever resonance hysteresis loops, which allows for the classification and quantification of nanoscale-switching mechanisms. Specifically, we identify elastic hardening events which are associated with the nucleation and growth of charged domain walls. This work demonstrates the efficacy of unsupervised neural networks in learning features of a material's physical response from nanoscale multichannel hyperspectral imagery and provides new capabilities in leveraging in operando spectroscopies that could enable the automated manipulation of nanoscale structures in materials.
Plane Curves and Space Curves

If we draw the graph of a function y = f (x) on the plane, we obtain a curve. For example, the graph of y = x2 is a parabola. Similarly, the graph of a function x = g(y), for example x = y2, is also a curve. Both y = f (x) and x = g(y) have one of the variables as an independent variable, and the other as a dependent variable. So x and y are not equally treated. If we rewrite these in the form y – f (x) = 0 or x –g(y) = 0, we can unify them in the form.
Chapter 69 – Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Publisher Summary Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a highly variable heritable disease of bone characterized by recurring bone fractures. It is the most common single gene defect causing bone disease. Three degrees of deforming OI, types II, III, and IV, are associated with decreasing severity of growth retardation and limb deformity and all result from a mutation affecting the structure of the type 1 collagen molecule. This chapter provides an update to the well-described clinical classifications and points out recent advances in the diagnosis and therapy of the disease. It also reviews the consequences of mutations of type 1 collagen on the structure of the collagen fibers. Following this, it explains the biology of the osteoblast. Based on the understanding of the biology, it establishes the pathophysiology of the resulting bone disease. Furthermore, it emphasizes how this information influences the understanding of osteoporosis and other heritable diseases of connective tissue. In addition, it presents outstanding problems requiring further research attention, particularly relating to cell and somatic gene therapy. Finally, it discusses the therapy of OI using anti-resorptive agents.
AP-2β/KCTD1 Control Distal Nephron Differentiation and Protect against Renal Fibrosis

The developmental mechanisms that orchestrate differentiation of specific nephron segments are incompletely understood, and the factors that maintain their terminal differentiation after nephrogenesis remain largely unknown. Here, the transcription factor AP-2β is shown to be required for the differentiation of distal tubule precursors into early stage distal convoluted tubules (DCTs) during nephrogenesis. In contrast, its downstream target KCTD1 is essential for terminal differentiation of early stage DCTs into mature DCTs, and impairment of their terminal differentiation owing to lack of KCTD1 leads to a severe salt-losing tubulopathy. Moreover, sustained KCTD1 activity in the adult maintains mature DCTs in this terminally differentiated state and prevents renal fibrosis by repressing β-catenin activity, whereas KCTD1 deficiency leads to severe renal fibrosis. Thus, the AP-2β/KCTD1 axis links a developmental pathway in the nephron to the induction and maintenance of terminal differentiation of DCTs that actively prevents their de-differentiation in the adult and protects against renal fibrosis.
A researcher's guide to regression, discretization, and median splits of continuous variables

We comment on Iacobucci, Posavac, Kardes, Schneider, and Popovich (2015) by evaluating the practice of discretizing continuous variables. We show that dichotomizing a continuous variable via the median split procedure or otherwise and analyzing the resulting data via ANOVA involves a large number of costs that can be avoided by preserving the continuous nature of the variable and analyzing the data via linear regression. As a consequence, we recommend that regression remain the normative procedure both when the statistical assumptions explored by Iacobucci et al. hold and more generally in research involving continuous variables. We also discuss the advantages of preserving the continuous nature of the variable for graphical presentation and provide practical suggestions for such presentations.
Stretch, scratch, and stress: Suppressors and supporters of senescence in human fetal membranes

Abstract Introduction Throughout gestation, amnion membranes undergo mechanical and or physiological stretch, scratch, or stress which is withstood by repairing and remodeling processes to protect the growing fetus. At term, increased oxidative stress (OS) activates p38MAPK, induces senescence, and inflammation contributing to membrane dysfunction to promote labor. However, the signaling initiated by stretch and scratch is still unclear. This study compares the induction of p38MAPK mediated senescence by stretch, scratch, and stress in human amnion epithelial cells (AECs). Methods Primary AECs from term, not-in-labor, fetal membranes were cultured using the following conditions (N = 3); 1) CellFlex chambers with or without 20% biaxial stretch, 2) 8-well coverslips with or without scratch, and 3) cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) inducing OS. p38MAPK (Western blot or immunocytochemistry), senescence activation, and inflammation (matrix metalloproteinases 9 [MMP9] activity-ELISA) were determined in cells exposed to various conditions. T-test and One-Way ANOVA was used to assess significance. Results Biological membrane extension, mimicked by 20% biaxial stretch of AEC, maintained an epithelial morphology and activated P-p38MAPK (P = 0.02) compared to the non-stretch controls, but did not induce senescence or MMP9 activation. AEC scratches were healed within 40-hrs, which included proliferation, migration, and cellular transitions aided by p38MAPK activation but not senescence. CSE induced OS increased p38MAPK (P = 0.018) activation, senescence (P = 0.019), and MMP9 (P = 0.02). Conclusion Physiologic stretch and scratch experienced during gestation can cause p38MAPK activation without causing senescence or inflammation. This may be indicative of p38MAPK's role in tissue remodeling during pregnancy. Overwhelming OS, experienced at term, results in P-p38MAPK mediated senescence and inflammation to disrupt membrane remodeling.
Electric-Energetic Consequences of Springs in Lower-Extremity Powered Prostheses on Varied Terrain

We present electric-energy consequences from the primary mechanical design trade-offs in lower-extremity, knee and ankle powered prostheses walking on varied terrain. Previous work has studied level-ground walking and running, but has not yet examined the influence of design parameters in large range of motion tasks such as stair ascent and descent. There are four main hardware components commonly implemented in bionic ankles and knees that can be tuned to achieve desired performance: motor, reduction ratio N, series spring stiffness $\mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{s}}$, and parallel spring stiffness $\mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{p}}$. The allowed joint range of motion is a fifth parameter that can strongly affect electric energy consumption. Using a kinematically clamped analysis we evaluate the electric cost of transport (eCOT) for knee and ankle stair ascent and descent in addition to levelground walking. Results show parallel springs (PS) improve level-ground energetics but can be costly on stairs. Variable transmissions combined with PS can improve energetics but not more than simply limiting range of motion, while the knee does not benefit greatly from this complexity.
Simposio 12: Actividad física en diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Symposium 12: Physical activity in people with diabetes Physical activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus Physical activity (PA) is a fundamental pillar in the treatment of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). From a comprehensive approach to movement, we can divide the day into 3 stages: the sleeping hours, which entail a caloric cost of 1 MET; the active time, which includes all the activities that generate a caloric cost higher than 1.5 METs; and the sedentary behavior (SB), which includes the time a person spends awake, but sitting down, reclined or lying down, with a caloric cost of 1.5 or less METs. That is how a person can combine activity patterns, such as being active (if reaching the PA goals appropriate for their age) and, at the same time, being sedentary if they spend several hours sitting down (as it might happen during working hours). The higher sedentary behavior is correlated to a higher fasting glycemia and less time-in-range in people with T2D. In a multicenter research with 495 people with type 2 diabetes in Argentina, a 52.3% exhibited a lower level of PA, which means they did not reach 150 minutes of PA or 600 METs per week. The factors associated with a lower level of PA were: older age, being female, greater corporal mass index and higher HbA1c. When evaluating sedentary behavior, it was registered an average of 5 hours per day, with a 25% of the patients spending more than 6 hours. Sedentary behavior was also associated with a higher HbA1c.
Variation in the Holton‐Tan effect by longitude

Author(s): Elsbury, D; Peings, Y; Magnusdottir, G | Abstract: The teleconnection between the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) and the boreal winter polar vortex, the Holton–Tan effect, is analyzed in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) with a focus on how stationary wave propagation varies by QBO phase. These signals are difficult to isolate in reanalyses because of large internal variability in short observational records, especially when decomposing the data by QBO phase. A 1,500-year ensemble is leveraged by defining the QBO index at five different isobars between 10 and 70 hPa. The Holton–Tan effect is a robust part of the atmospheric response to the QBO in WACCM with warming of the polar stratosphere during easterly QBO (QBOE). A nudging technique is used to reduce polar stratospheric variability in one simulation. This enables isolation of the impact of the QBO on the atmosphere in the absence of a polar stratospheric response to the QBO: referred to as the “direct effect” and the polar stratospheric response, “indirect effect.” This simulation reveals that the polar stratospheric warming during QBOE pushes the tropospheric jet equatorward, opposing the poleward shift of the jet by the QBOE, especially over the North Pacific. The Holton–Tan effect varies over longitude. The QBO induces stronger planetary wave forcing to the mean flow in the extratropical lower stratosphere between Indonesia and Alaska. The North Pacific polar stratosphere responds to this before other longitudes. What follows is a shift in the position of the polar vortex toward Eurasia (North America) during easterly (westerly) QBO. This initiates downstream planetary wave responses over North America, the North Atlantic, and Siberia. This spatiotemporal evolution is found in transient simulations in which QBO nudging is “switched on.” The North Pacific lower stratosphere seems more intrinsically linked to the QBO while other longitudes appear more dependent on the mutual interaction between the QBO and polar stratosphere.