cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of the nocturnal polyuria syndrome in men.

Aims Nocturnal polyuria (NP) is caused by a wide array of factors, including genitourinary and systemic comorbidities, modifiable behavior, and pharmaceuticals. When an identifying factor is absent, NP may be purely a symptom of the nocturnal polyuria syndrome (NPS) and secondary to blunting of normal arginine vasopressin action within the circadian rhythm. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of NPS in male patients attending a Veterans Affairs outpatient urology clinic. Methods Retrospective database analysis was performed of voiding diaries from men who had established care for lower urinary tract symptoms from 2007 to 2018. Patients were excluded if they reported fewer than two nocturnal voids on voiding diary analysis or had comorbidity associated with NP. Distinct cutoffs were separately employed to identify NP: nocturnal polyuria index (NPi; calculated as nocturnal urine volume divided by 24-hour urine volume) greater than 0.33; and nocturnal urine production (NUP) greater than 90 mL/h. Results A total of 283 completed voiding diaries were evaluated and 202 patients had ≥2 nocturnal voids. After exclusions, at NPi greater than 33, the floor and ceiling NPS prevalence values were 21% and 41%, respectively. At NUP greater than 90 mL/h, the floor and ceiling NPS prevalence values were 17% and 32%, respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of NPS in patients with nocturia in the present study lies between 17% and 41%. NPS constitutes a clinically relevant subgroup of nocturia among male patients in the Veterans Affairs outpatient urology setting.
Introduction: queer lives in contemporary Japan

This introduction aims to situate four research articles on “Queer Lives in Contemporary Japan” in the larger field of gender and sexuality studies. It argues that, historically, the concepts “quee...
Thermo-Mechanical Coupling Induced Performance Degradation in Storage Systems

This paper explores the coupling between power/thermal aspects of data center and the vibrations caused by chassis/server fans in environments dominated by mechanical disks. We show that the leakage power and cooling fan induced vibrations could substantially degrade the storage system performance which in turn could lead to a poor performance and high energy consumption. We then propose our Environment Aware Data Control (EADC) management policy that utilizes built-in instrumentation telemetry and fan-speed control to minimize overall energy consumption while providing a better overall performance. Based on actual experimentation with storage servers in Oracle labs, we show that the proposed mechanism can reduce the energy consumption by 63% while simultaneously reducing the IO delay by 60% as compared to the baseline system with no vibration aware controls.
“We get double slammed!”: Healthcare experiences of perceived discrimination among low-income African-American women:

Background:On account of their racial/ethnic minority status, class, and gender, African-American women of low socioeconomic status are among the least privileged, underserved, and most marginalize...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Stimulates Inflammation and Enhances KSHV-Induced Cell Proliferation and Cellular Transformation through Both LPS and Flagellin

Abstract Inflammation triggered by innate immunity promotes carcinogenesis in cancer. Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), a hyperproliferative and inflammatory tumor caused by Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection, is the most common cancer in AIDS patients. KSHV infection sensitizes cells to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). We examined the role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), an opportunistic bacterium that can affect AIDS patients, in inflammation and cell proliferation of KSHV-transformed cells. PA stimulation increased cell proliferation and efficiency of colony formation in softagar of KSHV-transformed rat primary mesenchymal precursor (KMM) cells but had no significant effect on the untransformed (MM) cells. PA stimulation also increased cell proliferation of KSHV-infected human B-cells, Bjab, but not the uninfected cells. Mechanistically, PA stimulation resulted in increased inflammatory cytokines and activation of p38, ERK1/2, and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in KMM cells while having no obvious effect on MM cells. PA induction of inflammation and MAPKs were observed with and without inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway while a flagellin-deleted mutant of PA required a functional TLR4 pathway to induce inflammation and MAPKs. Furthermore, treatment with both LPS or flagellin alone was sufficient to induce inflammatory cytokines, activate MAPKs, and increase cell proliferation and efficiency of colony formation in softagar of KMM cells. These results demonstrate that both LPS and flagellin are PAMPs that contribute to PA induction of inflammation in KSHV-transformed cells. Because AIDS-KS patients are susceptible to PA infection, our work highlights the preventive and therapeutic potential of targeting PA infection in these patients. Importance Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), caused by infection of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), is one of the most common cancers in AIDS patients. KS is a highly inflammatory tumor but how KSHV infection induces inflammation remains unclear. We have previously shown that KSHV infection upregulates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), sensitizing cells to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Escherichia coli. In the current study, we examined the role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), an opportunistic bacterium that can affect AIDS patients, in inflammation and cell proliferation of KSHV-transformed cells. PA stimulation increased cell proliferation, inflammatory cytokines, and activation of growth and survival pathways in KSHV-transformed cells through two pathogen-associated molecular patterns LPS and flagellin. Because AIDS-KS patients are susceptible to PA infection, our work highlights the preventive and therapeutic potential of targeting PA infection in these patients.
Axon-glia interactions in the ascending auditory system

The auditory system detects and encodes sound information with high precision to provide a high-fidelity representation of the environment and communication. In mammals, detection occurs in the peripheral sensory organ (the cochlea) containing specialized mechanosensory cells (hair cells) that initiate the conversion of sound-generated vibrations into action potentials in the auditory nerve. Neural activity in the auditory nerve encodes information regarding the intensity and frequency of sound stimuli, which is transmitted to the auditory cortex through the ascending neural pathways. Glial cells are critical for precise control of neural conduction and synaptic transmission throughout the pathway, allowing for the precise detection of the timing, frequency, and intensity of sound signals, including the sub-millisecond temporal fidelity is necessary for tasks such as sound localization, and in humans, for processing complex sounds including speech and music. In this review, we focus on glia and glia-like cells that interact with hair cells and neurons in the ascending auditory pathway and contribute to the development, maintenance, and modulation of neural circuits and transmission in the auditory system. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms of these interactions, their impact on hearing and on auditory dysfunction associated with pathologies of each cell type.
Dietary intake and household exposures as predictors of urinary concentrations of high molecular weight phthalates and bisphenol A in a cohort of adolescents.

BACKGROUND Phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are endocrine disrupting chemicals used in consumer products, building materials, and food processing and packaging materials. They are associated with adverse health outcomes, especially when exposure occurs during heightened windows of susceptibility. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the relationship between housing and dietary characteristics and the concentration of several high-molecular-weight (HMW) phthalate metabolites and BPA in a cohort of Latina adolescents. METHODS We collected information on recent food consumption and housing characteristics and quantified the concentration of HMW phthalate and BPA metabolites in urine collected at two different time points. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) to assess predictors of each metabolite. RESULTS No significant associations were observed between housing and dietary characteristics and metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) or BPA. In contrast, higher urinary monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) concentration was associated with living in a home with vinyl or linoleum flooring (66.7% change, p-value <0.01), while higher urinary mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) concentration was associated with recent consumption of coffee (47.2% change, p-value <0.01), and fast food (30.3% change, p-value <0.05). SIGNIFICANCE These findings may be useful in targeting interventions that reduce phthalate uptake in young adults.
Categorizing Service Worker Attacks and Mitigations.

Service Workers (SWs) are a powerful feature at the core of Progressive Web Apps, namely web applications that can continue to function when the user's device is offline and that have access to device sensors and capabilities previously accessible only by native applications. During the past few years, researchers have found a number of ways in which SWs may be abused to achieve different malicious purposes. For instance, SWs may be abused to build a web-based botnet, launch DDoS attacks, or perform cryptomining; they may be hijacked to create persistent cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks; they may be leveraged in the context of side-channel attacks to compromise users' privacy; or they may be abused for phishing or social engineering attacks using web push notifications-based malvertising. In this paper, we reproduce and analyze known attack vectors related to SWs and explore new abuse paths that have not previously been considered. We systematize the attacks into different categories, and then analyze whether, how, and estimate when these attacks have been published and mitigated by different browser vendors. Then, we discuss a number of open SW security problems that are currently unmitigated, and propose SW behavior monitoring approaches and new browser policies that we believe should be implemented by browsers to further improve SW security. Furthermore, we implement a proof-of-concept version of several policies in the Chromium code base, and also measure the behavior of SWs used by highly popular web applications with respect to these new policies. Our measurements show that it should be feasible to implement and enforce stricter SW security policies without a significant impact on most legitimate production SWs.
Direct Determination of Thiol pKa by Isothermal Titration Microcalorimetry

Knowledge of the acid dissociation constant (pKa) of a molecule is a critical step toward understanding its structure and reactivity. Current methods for pKa measurement, including electrochemical, spectroscopic, and spectrophotometric titrations, have proven to be useful but also have significant limitations. To overcome these limitations, we report the use of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) as a new method for pKa determination. We demonstrate by the measurement of the pKa values for free cysteine, glutathione, and a cysteine residue in a protein that this method is rapid and accurate.
Occupational Therapy in the Rehabilitation of the Patient with Anorexia Nervosa

The first part of this paper develops an ecological and rehabilitative stance for the occupational therapist in relation to the anorexic patient. Maximizing the individual's level of psychosocial functioning is regarded as the primary aim of treatment. A model for approaching the anorexic patient is described which examines environmental factors, and the importance of assessment and follow up. The cognitive behavioral approach is discussed and suggestions are made for adapting it to the occupational therapist's orientation towards practical activity. In the second part of the paper concrete suggestions for therapy are made.
A Review of The Politics of Innocence: Hutu Identity, Conflict, and Camp Life

Throughout the 1990s, the Great Lakes Region of Central Africa was plagued by a series of violent ethnic conflicts which ultimately displaced millions of people. These refugees often ended up in ca...
Gálapagos: computer-based support for evolution of a convergent medical terminology.

Abstract Current controlled medical terminologies fall short of the needs of informatics application developers. To overcome the limitations of current medical terminologies, many groups are independently enhancing existing terminologies to meet their local needs. With proper computer-based support, local enhancements can be used as evolutionary stepping stones toward a convergent medical terminology. Galapagos is a collection of applications that can take local enhancements from multiple sites, identify conflicting design decisions, allow developers to reconcile the conflicting designs, and efficiently disseminate updates tailored specifically for compatibility with locally enhanced terminologies. This paper describes an initial proof-of-concept of the Galapagos programs using data generated during concurrent SNOMED enhancement by Kaiser Permanente and the Mayo Clinic.
Was AT&T guilty?

Abstract Despite the monumental significance of the divestiture of AT&T, little attention has been paid to the antitrust trial. This analysis of the suit, based in part on the premise that effective regulation should preclude the application of antitrust laws to regulated firms, indicates that AT&T was not guilty of violating the antitrust laws. Regardless of the applicability of the antitrust laws, the overall case against AT&T was weak. Most of the charges were based on highly questionable theory, or were not supported by evidence. Yet current public policy towards the regional holding companies is dominated by the charges raised in the antitrust trial.
Russo-Japanese Relations, 1905-17: From enemies to allies

1. Russo-Japanese relations, 1905-1914 2. Efforts to Conclude Alliances at the Outbreak of World War I 3. Russo-Japanese Relations during the Early Part of World War I 4. The Torturous Road to Japan's Decision on an Alliance with Russia 5. Conclusion of the Russo-Japanese Alliance of 1916 6. The 1916 Treaties, China, and the Powers 7. From Enemies to Allies: Summary and Conclusions. Notes. Appendices. Bibliography. Index
Effect of Naloxone and Morphine on Gastric Acid Secretion and on Serum Gastrin and Pancreatic Polypeptide Concentrations in Humans

To evaluate the role of endogenous opiates on gastric acid secretion, we infused naloxone, a pure opiate antagonist drug, into 8 healthy subjects in the basal state and then after an amino acid meal. Naloxone significantly reduced basal acid secretion and the gastric acid secretory response to the meal. Maximum inhibition averaged 65% for basal acid secretion and 35% for meal-stimulated secretion. Naloxone had no effect on serum gastrin concentraitons or on the rate of gastric emptying of the meal. In the same subjects morphine also significantly reduced meal-stimulated acid secretion. In contrast to naloxone, morphine delayed gastric emptying and also enhanced the gastrin response to the meal. Morphine also abolished the pancreatic polypeptide response to the meal. Our studies with naloxone suggest that endogenous opiates may augment gastric acid secretion in humans. Failure of exogenous opitates to increase acid secretion suggests that actions other than opiate receptor stimulation (such as anticholinergic effects) may have come into play during morphine infusion.
A Priori Deterministic Computational-Cost Optimization of Weight-Dependent Variance-Reduction Parameters for Monte Carlo Neutral-Particle Transport

A method for deterministically minimizing the cost of a single Monte Carlo tally employing weight-dependent weight-window variance reduction has been developed. This method relies on deterministic ...
Check the citation: library instruction and student paper bibliographies

Abstract This article investigates the potential value of bibliometric analysis of student research paper bibliographies to assess student behavior in terms of skills and resources addressed in instruction sessions. References from 109 freshman English papers were analyzed to determine the type of work cited, the origin of the citation, and the characteristics of cited journal titles. It is suggested that student paper bibliographies provide a flexible, non-invasive, time-efficient assessment forum for the documentation of student library use.
Using a Spreadsheet To Solve the Schrödinger Equations for the Energies of the Ground Electronic State and the Two Lowest Excited States of H2

We have designed an exercise suitable for a lab or project in an undergraduate physical chemistry course that creates a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to calculate the energy of the S0 ground electronic state and the S1 and T1 excited states of H2. The spreadsheet calculations circumvent the construction and diagonalization of the Fock matrix and thus can be accomplished by any undergraduate chemistry student with basic calculus skills. The wave functions of the S0, S1, and T1 states of H2 are constructed from the symmetry-adapted bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals (MO). All quantum mechanical integrals are estimated using the Monte Carlo integration method. Due to the stochastic nature of the spreadsheet calculations, 25 runs were carried out to obtain the mean energy of the S0, S1, and T1 electronic states of H2. The accuracy of the spreadsheet calculations is comparable to that of the HF/STO-3G calculations. The atomic and molecular orbitals and the energy components can be easily calculated and p...
A predicted new type of directional noncovalent interaction

The electrostatic potentials computed on the surfaces of a series of molecules R3X, where X is a Group V atom, show that some of these atoms have regions of positive potential on their outer surfaces, approximately on the extensions of the RX bonds. This suggests the likelihood of weak, directional noncovalent interactions between such atoms and nucleophiles, paralleling what has already been established for Groups VI and VII. The origins and relative strengths of the positive regions are explained in terms of the σ-hole concept, supported by natural bond orbital analyses. MP2/6-311++G(3df,2p) calculations confirm the formation of stable complexes between five such Group V molecules and the model nucleophile HCN. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Three-dimensional dynamic in vivo motion of the cervical spine: assessment of measurement accuracy and preliminary findings

Abstract Background context Previous research has quantified cervical spine motion with conventional measurement techniques (eg, cadaveric studies, motion capture systems, and fluoroscopy), but these techniques were not designed to accurately measure three-dimensional (3D) dynamic cervical spine motion under in vivo conditions. Purpose The purposes of this study were to characterize the accuracy of model-based tracking for measuring 3D dynamic cervical spine kinematics and to demonstrate its in vivo application. Study design Through accuracy assessment and application of technique, in vivo cervical spine motion was measured. Methods The accuracy of model-based tracking for measuring cervical spine motion was determined in an in vitro experiment. Tantalum beads were implanted into the vertebrae of an ovine specimen, and biplane X-ray images were acquired as the specimen's neck was manually moved through neck extension and axial neck rotation. The 3D position and orientation of each cervical vertebra were determined from the biplane X-ray images using model-based tracking. For comparison, the position and orientation of each vertebra were also determined by tracking the position of the implanted beads with dynamic radiostereometric analysis. To demonstrate in vivo application of this technique, biplane X-ray images were acquired as a human subject performed two motion tasks: neck extension and axial neck rotation. The positions and orientations of each cervical vertebra were determined with model-based tracking. Cervical spine motion was reported with standard kinematic descriptions of translation and rotation. Results The in vitro validation demonstrated that model-based tracking is accurate to within ±0.6 mm and ±0.6° for measuring cervical spine motion. For the in vivo application, there were significant rotations about all three anatomical axes for both the neck extension and axial neck rotation motion tasks. Conclusions Model-based tracking is an accurate technique for measuring in vivo, 3D, dynamic cervical spine motion. Preliminary data acquired using this technique are in agreement with previous studies. It is anticipated that this experimental approach will enhance our understanding of cervical spine motion under normal and pathologic conditions.
Product distribution of consecutive competitive second‐order reactions

Product distribution of consecutive competitive second-order reactions can be calculated from a general distribution equation independently of the number of reaction steps.
Recurrent macroscopic hematuria, focal nephritis, and mesangial deposition of immunoglobulin and complement.

Sixteen patients who had recurrent macroscopic hematuria were studied. Most episodes occurred within one to two days of a “flu-like” illness. There was no identifiable systemic or local disease. Nine have proteinuria, and three have developed hypertension. All had focal and segmental, proliferative glomerulonephritis, and six had segmental glomerular sclerosis. Fourteen had positive glomerular immunofluorescence with predominantly a mesangial distribution. These features make this syndrome a unique, clearly identifiable entity. Proteinuria, segmental glomerular sclerosis, and positive mesangial immunofluorescence occurred together in only five patients. Four of these patients have had functional renal impairment. We speculate that a patient with recurrent macroscopic hematuria, who is found to have this combination of features, has a more serious process than otherwise.
Holography for information storage and processing

We review recent progress made towards two types of holographic data storage systems. The first offers the potential for simultaneous search of an entire database by performing multiple optical correlations between stored data pages and a search argument. This content-addressable retrieval produces one analog correlation score for each stored volume hologram. We review work we have performed on fuzzy encoding techniques, experimental demonstrations of hardware-level database searching, on the measurement of true inner-products, on architectures in which massively-parallel searches could be implemented, and on quantifying the inherent speed-fidelity tradeoffs. The second system offers read-write, fast-access data storage. We review systems architectures for extending this high density to high capacity using phase-conjugate readout and signal processing to relieve alignment and distortion constraints.
Improved design of linear electromagnetic transducers for large-scale vibration energy harvesting

ABSTRACT This paper presents the design and optimization of tubular Linear Electromagnetic Transducers (LETs) with applications to large-scale vibration energy harvesting, such as from vehicle suspensions, tall buildings or long bridges. Four types of LETs are considered and compared, namely, single-layer co nfiguration using axial magnets, double-layer configuration using axial magnets, single-layer configuration using both axial and radial magnets, double-layer configuration using both axial and radial magnets. In order to optimize the LETs, the parameters investigated in this paper include the thickness of the magnets in axial direction and the thickness of the coils in the radial direction. Finite element method is used to analyze the axisymmetric two-dimensional magnetic fields. Both magnetic flux densities B r [T] in the radial direction and power density [W/m 3 ] are calculated. It is found that the parameter optimization can increase the power density of LETs to 2.7 times compared with the initial design [Zuo et al, Smart Materials and Structures , v19 n4, 2010], and the double-layer configuration with both radial and axial magnets can improve the power density to 4.7 times, approaching to the energy dissipation rate of traditional oil dampers. As a case study, we investigate its application to energy-harvesting shock absorbers. For a reasonable retrofit size, the LETs with double-layer configuration and both axial and radial NdFeB magnets can provide a damping coefficient of 1138 N·s/m while harvesting 35.5 W power on the external electric load at 0.25 m/s suspension velocity. If the LE T is shorten circuit, it can dissipate energy at the rate of 142.0 W, providing of a damping coefficient of 2276 N·s/m. Practical consideration of number of coil phases is also discussed. Keywords: linear electromagnetic harvester, vibration energy harvesting, radial magnet, power density, regenerative vehicle suspension, structural control
Pituitary tumorigenesis targeted by the ovine follicle-stimulating hormone β-subunit gene regulatory region in transgenic mice

Abstract Targeted tumorigenesis in transgenic mice has been a powerful tool for the study of gene expression and oncogenesis, as well as for the production of differentiated immortal cell lines from rare cell types. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is secreted by the gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary gland and plays a pivotal role in mammalian reproduction. Here we have used the regulatory region of the ovine FSHβ gene to direct expression of the SV40 T antigen oncogene to gonadotrope cells in the pituitary of transgenic mice. Two of five transgenic mouse lines bearing this fusion gene rapidly developed pituitary tumors, with appearance of adenomatous foci as early as 6 weeks of age, resulting in death by 12 weeks of age in both genders. Histologic examination of tumor development over time revealed that increases in cell proliferation and dysplasia were accompanied by decreases in synthesis of pituitary hormones, indicating dedifferentiation of the pituitary cells. Histological features observed in these tumors were in agreement with this rapid transformation of cell phenotype. Tumors were multifocal in origin, and the most highly transformed cell types observed consisted of giant pale basophilic cells with enormous hyperploid nuclei associated with infiltrating neuronal-like cells, which were very abundant at later stages of tumor development. Mitotic indices were much higher in transgenic than wild-type pituitaries, as expected. Morphologic analysis of the gonads of these transgenic mice showed no major developmental differences, as compared to wild-type littermates, however the length of the seminiferous tubules in transgenic males was greater than age-matched wild-type animals. Despite this phenotype difference, both genders were fertile, with normal sperm development observed in males and normal estrous cycle stages in females. Moreover, while 8–10-week-old transgenic males had much lower blood levels of FSH than littermates, transgenic female FSH levels were the same as those of wild-type females. These animals offer a unique and potentially useful model of organ-specific tumorigenesis, where a multistage pathway of tumor development is evident, both histologically and temporally. Study of such models will advance our knowledge on the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in gene expression as well as tumor formation.
Enhanced intracellular availability and survival of hammerhead ribozymes increases target ablation in a cellular model of osteogenesis imperfecta

Antisense hammerhead ribozymes have the capability to cleave complementary RNA in a sequence-dependent manner. In osteogenesis imperfecta, a genetic disorder of connective tissue, mutant collagen type I has been shown to participate in but not sustain formation of the triple helix. Selective ablation of mutant collagen gene transcript could potentially remove the mutant gene product and reverse the dominant-negative effect exerted by the abnormal protein. In earlier studies we showed that the hammerhead ribozyme Col1A1Rz547 selectively cleaved a mutant Col1A1 gene transcript in a murine calvarial osteobleast cell line. In order to test the possible therapeutic efficacy of this approach, a dramatic downregulation of the mutant transcript must be achieved, a function directly related to high steady-state level of intracellular ribozyme. We report significantly enhanced expression of Col1A1Rz547 by vaccinia T7 polymerase following infection with an attenuated T7-pol vaccinia virus as shown both by the intracellular level of the ribozyme and the cleavage of the mutant Col1A1 gene transcript. We also describe the engineering of a multimeric ribozyme construct comprising eight subunits, which can self-cleave to monomers. These studies suggest the potential use of multimeric ribozymes expressed by a vaccinia-based system in the therapy of a variety of disorders.
Leadership style and group decision effectiveness: Correlational and behavioral tests of Fiedler's contingency model.

Experimental tests of Fiedler's “contingency model” of leadership effectiveness generally leave unanswered questions of precise criterion validity, due to limits on statistical significance of correlations based on small Ns. Seventy-five role-play groups were used in tests of one of the nine possible situations to which the model predicts. In this case, leaders with low LPC (Least-Preferred Co-Worker) scores (“task-oriented”) should be superior to high LPC (“relationship-oriented”) leaders. Two experiments (N = 53 N = 22) yielded r = −.29 and −.19, respectively, between leaders' LPC and a group decision effectiveness score. Overall, rave = −.26 (P < .05). The obtained confidence level closely approximates that which could be reasonably expected for the N used if the predicted correlation (−.33) were, in fact, the true population value. This, and the consistency of results between the two independent experiments, justifies the conclusion that a small but significant relationship exists between leadership style and group effectiveness for the situation investigated. The practical utility of this relationship was discussed. Some behavioral differences between high and low LPC leaders were also examined and discussed.
Effect of Consumer Socialization on Clothing Shopping Attitudes, Clothing Acquisition, and Clothing Satisfaction

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of consumer socialization on attitudes toward clothing and shopping and means of acquiring clothing and to investigate the effects of consumer socialization and selected clothing and shopping attitudes on clothing satisfaction. Subjects were 70 mother/daughter pairs who completed parallel questionnaires. Results indicated similarities between mother and daughter pairs for means of clothing acquisition and for overall clothing satisfaction. For both mothers and daughters high fashion involvement and high shopping enjoyment contributed to overall clothing satisfaction. Results are discussed in terms of consumer socialization and satisfaction theories.
Comparison of shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler and moored current measurements in the Equatorial Pacific

Depth-averaged current shears computed from shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and moored Savonius rotor and vane vector-averaging current meter (VACM) measurements are compared at 35, 62.5, 100 and 140 m depths within 7 km of each other near 0 deg, 140 deg W during a 12-day interval in November 1984. The agreement between the VACM and ADCP shears was excellent. The average root-mean-square difference of hourly shear values was small, approximately 0.0021/s, and the average correlation coefficient was 0.90. Spectral estimates were equivalent to within a 95 percent significance level and the VACM and ADCP shears were 95 percent statistically coherent with zero phase difference for frequencies below 0.2 cycles per hour.
14N nuclear quadrupole coupling constants in imidazole

Abstract All six 14N nuclear quadrupole resonances in imidazole were observed. Using deuterated samples, the EQR of the deuterium in bond and the first unambiguous identification of the quadrupole coupling constants at a bi-coordinate N site were obtained.
Biomass, nutrient distribution and litterfall in Populus, Pinus and Picea stands on two different soils in Minnesota

Pole sized stands ofPopulus tremuloides Michx.,Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss,Pinus resinosa Ait., andPinus banksiana Lamb., were sampled on both a very fine sandy loam and a loamy sand. Relative species ranking in above-ground tree biomass (Pinus resinosa>Populus>Picea>Pinus banksiana) and above-ground tree nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) weights (Populus>Picea>Pinus resinosa>Pinus banksiana) were similar on both soils. Particularly large proportions of biomass and nutrients were found in aspen bark and spruce foliage and branches on both soils. Harvesting entire above-ground trees would remove up to three times more nutrients than would harvesting only the bole.
Purification, Characterization, and Crystallization of the Distal BRCT Domain of the Human XRCC1 DNA Repair Protein

The XRCC1 DNA repair protein contains two regions of approximately 100 amino acids each that share homology with the BRCT (BRCA1 carboxyl terminus) domain superfamily. These two regions of XRCC1 have been shown to interact independently with DNA ligase III and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase as part of a mechanism involved in the repair of DNA single-strand breaks. To understand how these BRCT regions specify protein-protein interactions and contribute to DNA repair function, we have overexpressed and purified the distal BRCT domain of XRCC1 with the goal of structure determination. The cDNA encoding this BRCT region (X1BRCTb) was inserted into the pET29 bacterial expression vector; the polypeptide was expressed in mostly soluble form and then purified by anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Crystallization screening with the purified material resulted in the formation of large bipyramidal crystals. Crystals formed within several hours at room temperature from salt solutions of ammonium sulfate. Crystals diffract to approximately 2.85 A and were found to be in space group P4(1)2(1)2 (or its enantiomorph P4(3)2(1)2) with unit cell dimensions a = 100.43 A, c = 105.62 A. Crystals of similar character have also been obtained after incorporation of selenomethionine during expression of the protein. Efforts are now under way to determine the molecular structure of the X1BRCTb domain. These studies are likely to give insight into the interaction between XRCC1 and DNA ligase III and into general structural features of BRCT domains that exist in many other proteins.
Subharmonic solutions with prescribed minimal period for nonautonomous Hamiltonian systems

On etablit un resultat de multiplicite pour une certaine classe de systemes hamiltoniens periodiques en temps
Elastic constants of solids and fluids with initial pressure via a unified approach based on equations-of-state

Abstract The second and third-order Brugger elastic constants are obtained for liquids and ideal gases having an initial hydrostatic pressure p1. For liquids the second-order elastic constants are C11 = A + p1, C12 = A − p1, and the third-order constants are C111 = −(B + 5A + 3p1), C112 = −(B + A − p1), and C123 = A − B − p1, where A and B are the Beyer expansion coefficients in the liquid equation of state. For ideal gases the second-order constants are C11 = p1γ + p1, C12 = p1γ − p1, and the third-order constants are C111 = −p1(γ2 + 4γ + 3), C112 = −p1(γ2 − 1), and C123 = −p1 (γ2 − 2γ + 1), where γ is the ratio of specific heats. The inequality of C11 and C12 results in a nonzero shear constant C44 = (1/2)(C11 − C12) = p1 for both liquids and gases. For water at standard temperature and pressure the ratio of terms p1/A contributing to the second-order constants is approximately 4.3 × 10−5. For atmospheric gases the ratio of corresponding terms is approximately 0.7. Analytical expressions that include initial stresses are derived for the material ‘nonlinearity parameters’ associated with harmonic generation and acoustoelasticity for fluids and solids of arbitrary crystal symmetry. The expressions are used to validate the relationships for the elastic constants of fluids.
Estimation of nonlinear errors-in-variables models: a simulated minimum distance estimator

Abstract Hsiao (1989, J. Econometrics 41, 159–185) proposes a minimum distance estimator in estimating the structural nonlinear errors-in-varaibles models. We propose a simulated minimum distance estimator that is consistent and resolves the computational difficulty involved in the minimum distance estimator.
A Survey of Emotional Content of Dreams Recalled by College Students

Dream diaries, narrative descriptions of five dreams and the selection from an emotion checklist of the two strongest emotions in each dream, were turned in during a 5-wk. period by 13 male and 18 female undergraduates. No significant differences were found in the emotional content of dreams of male and female undergraduates. A chi squared analysis of the combined data showed that the emotions of interest, fear, surprise, enjoyment, and distress were the most prominent ones while anger, shame, disgust, and contempt were the least prominent. The results generated by the dream diary—emotion checklist methodology were compared to and contrasted with those of other studies of dream emotions.
Irritable mood and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Background The terms 'irritable mood' and 'irritability' have been applied to describe and define a variety of different categories in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). More precise diagnostic terms and concepts are needed.
Improved error estimates for the perturbed Galerkin method applied to a class of generalized eigenvalue problems

Abstract We consider the generalized eigenvalue problem x - Kx = μBx in a complex Banach space E . Here, K and B are bounded linear operators, B is compact, and 1 is not in the spectrum of K . If { E n : n = 1, 2,…} is a sequence of closed subspaces of E and P n : E → E n is a linear projection which maps E onto E n , then we consider the sequence of approximate eigenvalue problems { x n - P n Kx n = μP n Bx n in E n : n = 1, 2,…}. Assuming that ∥ K - P n K ∥ → 0 and t | B - P n B ∥ → 0 as n → ∞, we prove the convergence of sequences of eigenvalues and eigenelements of the approximate eigenvalue problem to eigenvalues and eigenelements of the original eigenvalue problem, and establish upper bounds for the errors. These error bounds are sharper than those given by Vainikko in Ref. 2 for the more general problem x = μTx in E , T linear and compact, and the sequence of approximate problems { x n = μT n x n in E n : n = 1, 2,…}, and do not involve the operator S n = T n - P n T ∥; E n .
The SIMS spectrum of the O-W(100) chemisorption system☆

The adsorption of oxygen on clean W(100) has been studied with static mode SIMS. Studies were made at different temperatures and oxygen exposures under stringent vacuum conditions. Both the positive and negative secondary ion spectra were investigated by using low energy (500 eV) and low current density Ne+ primary ions, so that the adsorbed layer was not perturbed. The correlations among the secondary ions O+, O− and various tungsten oxide ions showed qualitative changes at different stages of chemisorption. All these features corresponded very well to the structural and adsorption site changes observed with LEED and other techniques. This work shows that SIMS can give structural and chemical information of chemisorbed layers in the submonolayer range.
Entropy lower bounds for quantum decision tree complexity

Abstract We prove a general lower bound of quantum decision tree complexity in terms of some entropy notion. We regard decision tree computation as a communication process in which the oracle and the computer exchange several rounds of messages, each round consisting of O(logn) bits. Let E(f) be the Shannon entropy of the random variable f(X), where X is taken uniformly random in f's domain. Our main result is that it takes Ω(E(f)) queries to compute any total function f. It is interesting to contrast this bound with the Ω(E(f)/ log n) bound, which is tight for some partial functions.
Sequence signal involved in the generation of an internally deleted defective interfering RNA from vesicular stomatitis virus

We have determined the nucleotide sequence at the 3' end of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) polymerase or L gene and compared it to that obtained from a defective interfering particle (DI) RNA generated by this virus. The latter (DI 0.50) contains a large internal deletion within this gene. The deletion begins exactly 253 residues from the transcription start of the gene and extends to approximately 300 bases from the 5' end of the standard RNA genome. The flanking sequences bear no homology to the eukaryotic consensus splice sequence. The sequence immediately preceding the deletion is complementary to the ribosome binding site of the L gene transcript and also resembles genome transcription termination sites. In addition, we present the results of nuclease protection experiments which show that this DI RNA retains an exact copy of the 3' end half of the standard genome (leader, N, NS, M and G genes), although its own 3' end is non-genomic. The implications of these findings regarding mechanisms of DI generation are discussed.
Isolation and culture of homogeneous populations of primordial germ cells in chick

Abstract A method for the isolation and cultivation of homogeneous populations of primordial germ cells has been developed as a possible means whereby the role of these cells in gonadal development might be further elucidated.
Influence of hydrogen-bonded dimers on the luminescence of 2-pyridone

Abstract Fluorescence and phosphorescence quantum yield and lifetime data for 2-pyridone in a variety of solvents provide evidence that in non-polar solvents a C 2h hydrogen-bonded dimer contributes to electronic relaxation and fluoresces via a double-proton transfer in the excited state. In basis media where dimer formation is prevented, the luminescence appears at a higher energy. The dramatic increases in the phosphorescence yield and lifetime of the anion relative to the neutral molecule are due to an excited state protonation. The larger wavelength shifts in luminescence, when compared to absorption wavelength shifts, are consistent with a structural change in the excited state.
Automated wavelength selection for spectroscopic fuel models by symmetrically contracting repeated unmoving window partial least squares

The need for automated quality surveillance of liquid hydrocarbon fuels has driven the development of rapid fuel property modeling from spectroscopic sensor data. The correlation of near-infrared (NIR) and Raman spectroscopic data with jet and diesel fuel properties can be improved by the deliberate selection of continuous wavelength sub-ranges. An automatic wavelength selection strategy would allow for the unsupervised construction of partial least squares (PLS) regression models of increased predictive utility when supervised model construction and maintenance is not feasible. Changeable size moving window partial least squares (CSMWPLS) is one of the most thorough operations suited for this task. Unfortunately, the necessarily large number of PLS model constructions required by an automated version of this procedure limits the evaluation of the predictive ability of the resulting models through full cross-validation results. Presented here is a novel restricted version of the CSMWPLS algorithm in which the initial spectral range selection is accomplished through multiple interval PLS (iPLS) analyses, where analysis windows for the refinement step no longer move, and size changes are limited to a series of symmetric attenuations. It is shown that the proposed algorithm can provide significant PLS model improvements during the course of a fully automated analysis of jet and diesel fuel spectra in less time than an automated CSMWPLS algorithm.
A Simple Assay to Compare Zeolite Ammonia Control Properties

Abstract Zeolites purchased from aquaculture industry suppliers vary in their ability to remove ammonia, and little information is provided about their origin, type, and purity. To evaluate them, a simplified method for comparing their ammonia control properties was developed. Ammonia levels from water treated with five different zeolites were effectively measured and compared with two different inexpensive total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) test kits using the same procedure. I found that 10 g of a zeolite added to and stirred in an ammonia solution (0.1 g of ammonium sulfate dissolved in 1 L water) for 20 min produced TAN levels within the readable ranges for the Hach Model NI-8 and NI-SA ammonia nitrogen test kits; a 1:6 dilution of the ammonia test solution was made just before the TAN analysis. The TAN readings after the addition of the five zeolites ranged from 1.2 to 2.6 mg/L (multiplying by 7 to get actual TAN readings is not necessary to compare zeolites) for the Model NI-8 kit. The Model NI-SA kit gav...
Quenching of Excited States of Pyrene by Tetranitromethane on SiO2 Surfaces: Effect of Reaction Temperature, Silica Pore Size, and Surface Silanol Content†

Quenchers which adsorb strongly to the silica gel surface show limited quenching of the excited states of coadsorbed donors, and when quenching does occur it is predominantly static quenching. This is observed for several quenchers including nitromethane, tetranitromethane, and methyl viologen. The strong adsorption of tetranitromethane (TNM) to the surface silanol groups is indicated by the significant adsorption from cyclohexane solutions and the lack of any desorption with continuous evacuation of the sample after addition from solution or by vapor transfer. The strong adsorption of TNM is observed in the quenching characteristics of several adsorbed donors including the singlet and triplet excited states of pyrene. The quenching mechanism is partially determined by the binding characteristics of the coadsorbed electron acceptors and partially by the surface structure of the porous silica gel support material. Removing the high density of surface silanol groups changes the adsorption characteristics re...