cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
2 Improving adolescent HIV test completion in the clinical setting

Background In 2018, 26% of new HIV diagnoses in the US were among youth 13–24 years of age; more than 50% had undiagnosed infections and were unaware they had HIV. Routine screening and targeted HIV testing is recommended for adolescents. Providers at the Adolescent and Young Adult Clinic at Vanderbilt order HIV testing based on standardized guidelines and clinical indicators, but completion of the laboratory test is not universal. Objectives To improve the percentage of completed HIV tests within 1 week of ordering from 71.4% to >95% in the clinical setting by June 30, 2019. Methods Interventions were tested and implemented over an 8-month period based on a key driver diagram created by the improvement team (figure 1). The primary outcome was percentage of adolescents aged 12 to 22 years who had HIV testing ordered and successfully completed the test within one week of order entry. Data was followed prospectively following the initiation of the project. Statistical process control charts were used to view and analyze data with special cause variation identified using Nelson rules. Results 71.4% of patients completed the ordered HIV test at baseline (July-September 2018). Adolescent-specific educational and behavioral modification strategies were tested to improve laboratory completion rates. Provision of in-clinic phlebotomy services as well as oral HIV testing facilitated project success. After several plan-do-study-act cycles, which included behavioral interventions as well as clinic-wide system modifications, special cause variation was achieved and 96.1% of patients completed HIV testing within 1 week of order entry. This completion rate has been successfully maintained for more than 12 months post-interventions (figure 2). Conclusions Educational interventions in the absence of robust behavioral modification tools may have limited availability in practice. Data can drive patient improved outcomes and allow teams to expand in-clinic services to improve the delivery of care.
Transmission loss in a depth-varying ocean over a poroelastic seabed

A Green’s function representation for acoustic pressure in an ocean with depth-varying sound speed over a poroelastic seabed is derived via a residue computation. Transmission loss curves for upward and downward refracting sound speed profiles in the ocean are computed for three sediments of different coarseness.
Analysis of linearly tapered slot antennas on a dielectric substrate

LTSAs (linearly tapered slot antennas) on a finite dielectric substrate are analyzed rigorously by the MoM (method of moments). The feed section of the antenna including the microstripline-to-slotline transition is also incorporated in the model. The validity of the model is checked by comparisons with measured data for both air and dielectric LTSAs. >
Bond finance: a growing source of funds for utility and infrastructure companies?

The reform of the infrastructure and utility service industries that has seen liberalization and increased private sector participation can be expected to have led to an increased usage of external finance. One of the key markets that should have become available for these operators is that of the international bond market.
Camptothecin and Its Analogs.

From the outset of their clinical testing the camptothecins have shown antitumor activity against gastrointestinal cancer. With the definition of mechanism of action and introduction of several analogs their antitumor activity spectrum has expanded to include ovarian, cervical, small-cell and non-small cell lung cancers and malignant lymphomas, among others. The wide range of trials in these disease areas have been reviewed for CPT-11, topotecan, and 9-aminocamptothecin. A therapeutic role is anticipated for these and other camptothecins in these disease sites. Issues in guiding treatment indications and clinical development include: 1) pharmacokinetics and scheduling relevant to each of the drugs, with the oral route emerging as a practical way for testing prolonged exposure; 2) dose-intensification with cytokines, and its relevance in maintaining effective doses particularly in combination with other myelosuppressive drugs; and 3) pharmacodynamic determinants of response-an area of research that is particularly attractive because topoisomerase I is the target for camptothecins.
Corrigendum to: Incremental CH4 and N2O mitigation benefits consistent with the U.S. Government's SC-CO2 estimates

Due to an indexing error the results from one of the three models used, the PAGE model, were in 2008 U.S. dollars and not 2007 U.S. dollars as was intended. The conclusions of the paper are largely...
CITED2 mechanoregulation of matrix metalloproteinases

Joint tissues are exquisitely sensitive to their mechanical environment. Indeed, mechanical loading may be the most important external factor regulating the development and long-term maintenance of joint tissues. Moderate mechanical loading maintains the integrity of articular cartilage, and under these conditions of homeostasis, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are expressed at modest levels. However, both disuse and overuse can result in altered likely high levels of MMP expression, leading to cartilage degradation. The transcriptional regulator ED-rich tail 2 (CITED2) is expressed in chondrocytes in a load-dependent manner but in a pattern inversely related to that of MMPs. CITED2 mediates the moderate load-induced suppression of MMPs, possibly by competing with Ets-1, a known MMP transactivator, for binding to the co-activator p300, suggesting a mechanism for transcriptional suppression by CITED2. These findings suggest that CITED2 may act as a mechanosensitive molecular switch regulating cartilage matrix breakdown. This regulatory pathway could be exploited clinically to limit pathologic cartilage degradation.
Race and Races, Cases and Resources for a Diverse America

This casebook presents interdisciplinary, critical perspectives on race and racism and covers the roles of law and history in shaping the meanings of race in the United States. Updates the second edition with new material on: President Obama's election and "post-racialism"; important studies of implicit bias; the Voting Rights Act and allegedly race-neutral restrictions on voting; recurring violence against and harassment of Latino immigrants; book-banning in Arizona; and demographic changes and their implications. Includes new cases such as Shelby County v. Holder and Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action , current statistics, and updated references. Features rich historical treatment of major racialized groups in the United States: African Americans, Indians, Latinos/Latinas, Asian Americans, and Whites. Contains chapters on differing implications of enslavement, conquest, colonization, and immigration, as well as on equality, education, freedom of expression, family and sexuality, stereotyping, and crime.
Photoelectrolysis of Water at α ‐ Fe2 O 3 Electrodes in Acidic Solution

Photocurrent-potential curves at polycrystalline ..cap alpha..-Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ electrodes in acidic solutions are reported to be similar to those found in basic solutions. Faradaic collection efficiency of 100% for photoelectrolyzed oxygen has been achieved in a closed cell configuration. Stable photocurrents have been demonstrated in various acidic media, and trace amounts of Fe(III) detected in the working solutions gave an indication of the dissolution rate. The stability of the ..cap alpha..Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ electrode is discussed and compared to other metal oxide photoanodes. 25 references, 5 figures, 1 table.
Does relevance matter in academic policy research? A comment on Dredge

This section of the journal encourages discussion between several authors on a policy-related topic. The same question may, therefore, be addressed from different theoretical, cultural or spatial p...
Hepatic Injury in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Contributes to Altered Intestinal Permeability

Background & Aims Emerging data suggest that changes in intestinal permeability and increased gut microbial translocation contribute to the inflammatory pathway involved in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) development. Numerous studies have investigated the association between increased intestinal permeability and NASH. Our meta-analysis of this association investigates the underlying mechanism. Methods A meta-analysis was performed to compare the rates of increased intestinal permeability in patients with NASH and healthy controls. To further address the underlying mechanism of action, we studied changes in intestinal permeability in a diet-induced (methionine-and-choline-deficient; MCD) murine model of NASH. In vitro studies were also performed to investigate the effect of MCD culture medium at the cellular level on hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and intestinal epithelial cells. Results Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients, and in particular those with NASH, are more likely to have increased intestinal permeability compared with healthy controls. We correlate this clinical observation with in vivo data showing mice fed an MCD diet develop intestinal permeability changes after an initial phase of liver injury and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) induction. In vitro studies reveal that MCD medium induces hepatic injury and TNFα production yet has no direct effect on intestinal epithelial cells. Although these data suggest a role for hepatic TNFα in altering intestinal permeability, we found that mice genetically resistant to TNFα-myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)–induced intestinal permeability changes fed an MCD diet still develop increased permeability and liver injury. Conclusions Our clinical and experimental results strengthen the association between intestinal permeability increases and NASH and also suggest that an early phase of hepatic injury and inflammation contributes to altered intestinal permeability in a fashion independent of TNFα and MLCK.
Causal Attributions, Depression, and Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder in Victims of Crime

The major purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between causal attributions and symptomatology in victims of crime. Fifty-one subjects who had not been crime victims and 120 subjects who had been crime victims participated in the study and were assessed for symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Subjects also completed two attributional questionnaires. The potential differences in symptomatology among victims of a single crime, multiple crimes, and nonvictims were investigated. Results did not indicate differences in depression and PTSD based on single vs. multiple victimization, although differences between victims and nonvictims were found. Results using the Causal Dimension Scale (CDS; Peterson et al., 1982) indicated significant differences in the causal attributions of victims and nonvictims. On the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ; Russell, 1982), group comparisons among nonvictims, PTSD victims, depression victims, both depression and PTSD victims, and victims with low symptoms did not yield significant results. However, regression analyses indicated that several subscales of both the CDS and ASQ were found to be moderate predictors of symptomatology. Implications for future research are discussed.
cis-acting enhancement of RNA polymerase III gene expression in vitro.

The Xenopus laevis S-150 cell-free extract catalyzes in vitro transcription of several RNA polymerase III genes. Among these are the Xenopus 5S RNA gene (somatic type) and the Xenopus methionine tRNA gene. In this report we present an analysis of the transcriptional activity of these two genes either in trans-competition experiments or when the genes are co-localized in the same circular plasmid. In the “cis” arrangement, elevated levels of 5S and tRNA gene expression are observed, which are dependent on the relative orientation of the two genes (convergent or in tandem) and the distance between them. The results of these analyses reveal important parameters affecting the expression of juxtaposed genes.
Back-illuminated CCD mosaics

One of the drawbacks of using charge-coupled devices (CCDs) for scientific imaging is their relatively small size compared to many optical systems in which they are used. Telescopes, large format cameras, and medical imaging often require detectors much larger than the few cm dimensions of modern CCDs. One solution to this problem is to closely butt several CCDs together in the focal plane of the optical system, creating a focal plane mosaic. We have developed techniques to produce back illuminated CCDs from commercial front illuminated devices for enhanced quantum efficiency and spectral coverage. In this paper we discuss our development of packages and packaging techniques to butt back illuminated CCDs together, creating mosaics of up to 64 million pixels. We have discovered several critical issues during our development of back illuminated edge-buttable CCDs which we discuss in this paper. These include the development of proper chip carriers and packages, the ability to uniformly heat the devices in the required oxidation process, the ability to uniformly match antireflection coatings for all devices in a mosaic, and the development of alternative bonding methods which allow easy bonding of edge-buttable CCDs, especially as they approach whole wafer size.
Working the Yucatán in the neoliberal landscape: household management, consumption and the lives of intellectual elite women

This article examines the lives of academic women in Merida, the state capital of the Yucatan in southern Mexico. In particular, I consider the relationship between work – including household management – and consumer practices in light of Merida's changing socioeconomic climate. I address how women's lives have been impacted by the neoliberal restructuring of Mexico's political economy and what these changes mean to their experience of university life, household management styles and consumption practices. I point out how labor and consumption are deeply interrelated cultural practices, which have acquired new meanings in the neoliberal landscape. Accordingly, consumption practices must be understood in connection with women's social and professional identities.
X-ray crystal structure of tricarbonyl (1-keto-π-2,3,4-triphenylcyclobutenyl)cobalt

Abstract Tricarbonyl (1-keto-π-2,3,4-triphenylcyclobutenyl)cobalt provides the first example of a complex containing a keto-π-cyclobutenyl ligand.
Differential allocation to photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic nitrogen fractions among native and invasive species.

Invasive species are expected to cluster on the “high-return” end of the leaf economic spectrum, displaying leaf traits consistent with higher carbon assimilation relative to native species. Intra-leaf nitrogen (N) allocation should support these physiological differences; however, N biochemistry has not been examined in more than a few invasive species. We measured 34 leaf traits including seven leaf N pools for five native and five invasive species from Hawaii under low irradiance to mimic the forest understory environment. We found several trait differences between native and invasive species. In particular, invasive species showed preferential N allocation to metabolism (amino acids) rather than photosynthetic light reactions (membrane-bound protein) by comparison with native species. The soluble protein concentration did not vary between groups. Under these low irradiance conditions, native species had higher light-saturated photosynthetic rates, possibly as a consequence of a greater investment in membrane-bound protein. Invasive species may succeed by employing a wide range of N allocation mechanisms, including higher amino acid production for fast growth under high irradiance or storage of N in leaves as soluble protein or amino acids.
Organisational Structure, Community of Practice and Patient Safety

Knowledge sharing has been proposed as one of the most effective ways to reduce medical errors, yet research on knowledge sharing with regard to patient safety is sparse. Because employees' knowledge behaviours are enabled or constrained by organisational structures, knowledge sharing can be nurtured or suppressed by organisational structures such as rules and policies. As such, this study integrated organisational structure into the concept of community of practice (CoP) and holistically investigated knowledge sharing with regard to patient safety in the healthcare industry.
Factors Affecting Agreement in Teachers’ Behavior Ratings of Nursery School Children

The use of behavior ratings in the study of personality raises questions as to which traits can be judged with most agreement by raters, and what factors may influence the degree of agreement. These questions can be considered to advantage in the nursery school because (i) the nursery school pro vides opportunity for extensive observation of the personality of each child, (2) the training and interest of the nursery school teacher centers on the personality develop ment of the child and (3) several nursery school teachers are generally available to serve as judges or raters for each child. In the present study, behavior ratings on 31 nursery school children have been analyzed to find the agreement with which judges rated certain traits and to discover possible factors influencing agreement on the ratings.
Resource control among older males in Southern Somalia.

Research conducted in 1983 among agro-pastoralists in Somalia indicates that older males violate cultural and religious rules concerning the transfer of land and animals. Although all transfers are to be equal, one or two ‘good’ sons are rewarded with high quality land and animals while other sons receive inferior property. Conflict over the transfer of property is avoided through the validating role of the village council of older males. The introduction of new resources has not altered the existing pattern as older males have been able to incorporate the new resources into the traditional system of property control and transfer and thus assure themselves of a secure old age.
Who succeeds in mathematics? Caribbean perspectives on the mix of schools and mathematics

Within the Caribbean, there has been a perception that students are underachieving in mathematics. This assessment has seemingly been based amongst other things upon the proportion of students who are successful in mathematics compared to other subjects in external examinations. This notion was investigated in a case study of secondary schools in Antigua and Barbuda. Statistical data showed that student achievement in the examinations was on average lower in mathematics than across all subjects, including English language. However, this finding was not ‘true’ of students across all school‐types, generally a proxy for social class in Caribbean settings. In particular, the mathematics achievement of students in single‐sex schools was not far different from their performances in other subjects, but was markedly different from that of students in mixed‐sex schools. This finding concerning school‐type suggested at an underlying factor in many students’ mathematics performance, as school‐type in the Caribbean i...
Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus and HIV infection.

We retrospectively reviewed six patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection treated between 1985 and 1988. All six patients were homosexual men. Five patients had AIDS and one was HIV-positive. The most common symptoms and signs were pain (n=5), mass (n =5), and bleeding (n=5). The average tumor size was 3.2 cm with a range of 1–10 cm. Five tumors were located in the anal canal and one at the anodermal junction. One patient was treated with biopsy alone, one with local excision, one with wide local excision and radiation therapy, and two with diverting colostomy. The average follow-up was 8 months. Of the five AIDS patients, two died, one was transferred to a hospice facility, one was lost to follow-up, and one remains alive 1 year following treatment. The HIV-positive patient died secondary to metastatic SCCA. This group of patients raises the question of a possible association between HIV and SCCA.
Photogeneration of Heptacene in a Polymer Matrix

Heptacene (1) was generated by the photodecarbonylation of 7,16-dihydro-7,16-ethanoheptacene-19,20-dione (2) in a polymer matrix using a UV-LED lamp (395 ± 25 nm). Compound 1 showed a long wavelength absorption band extending from 600 to 825 nm (λmax ∼ 760 nm) and was found to be stable up to 4 h in the polymer matrix. However, irradiation of a solution of 2 in toluene produced only oxygen adducts.
Fungal keratitis after radial keratotomy.

Inquiries to Eduardo Alfonso, M.D., Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, P.O. Box 016880, Miami, FL 33101. A 35-year-old woman had a history of Crohn's disease that was treated with sulfasalazine. The patient had six-incisional radial kera­ totomy of both eyes; the right eye in October 1990, and the left eye in January 1991. Postoperatively the right eye had done well. However, two weeks postoperatively, the left eye became red and irritated while on a regimen of antibiot­ ic and corticosteroid drops. The surgeon noted an infiltrate in the central aspect of the 5 o'clock incision. The patient was treated with topical fortified cefazolin, fortified tobramycin, and dexamethasone without improvement. Cul­ tures yielded no growth. On March 6, 1991, the patient was referred to a corneal specialist be­ cause of continued irritation and pain. A diag­ nosis of crystalline keratopathy was made. The wound at the 5 o'clock incision was irrigated with vancomycin (50 mg/ml) . Vancomycin (50 mg) and gentamicin (40 mg) were injected subconjunctivally, and the patient was given topi­ cal fortified cefazolin, fortified tobramycin, Neosporin, and fluorometholone 0.25%. Re­ peat cultures yielded no growth. On March 18,
Ecosystem controls and the archaeofaunal record: an example from the Wyoming Basin, USA:

Regional palaeoenvironmental reconstructions and data on artiodactyl response to climate change suggest that large game densities would have expanded in response to increasingly mesic conditions during the late Holocene in the Wyoming Basin. We use the prey model of foraging theory to predict late-Holocene increases in artiodactyls, relative to lagomorphs and rodents, and more specifically in bison relative to pronghorn. This prediction is then tested against 284 dated archaeofaunas from the Wyoming Basin. Close fits are found between the deductively derived prediction and the empirical records. Although artiodactyls demonstrate a general increasing trend across the most recent 5000 years, during the period of most intense human occupation hunting pressure appears to have depressed large game populations.
The Extended Process Model of Emotion Regulation: Elaborations, Applications, and Future Directions

Three observations motivated the target article (Gross, this issue). The first is that emotion regulation processes play a crucial role in health and illness, and thus warrant deeper understanding....
Antitumor Agents. 261. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol and 20(S)-Protopanaxatriol as Antiangiogenic Agents and Total Assignment of 1H NMR Spectra#

Angiogenesis is a critical step in tumor progression and involves several steps including endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, migration, and matrix remodeling. We investigated the antiangiogenic effects of 20( S)-protopanaxadiol ( 1) and 20( S)-protopanaxatriol ( 2), the sapogenins of two major ginseng saponins, in an angiogenesis model of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). These compounds inhibited the proliferative activity of HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner and have potential as anticancer drug candidates. In addition, we report the complete and unambiguous assignment of (1)H NMR spectra of 1 and 2, based on analyses of 2D NMR spectra including COSY, NOESY, HSQC, and HMBC. This report is the first to completely assign the (1)H NMR signals of 2, together with correction of data for 1 from prior reports.
Polyimides from diamine‐acid salts and tetracarboxylic dianhydrides

Polyimides can be synthesized from a diamine-acid salt and a dianhydride in the presence of excess triethylamine, thereby avoiding the use of air-sensitive aromatic diamine compounds as monomers.
Understanding implicit and explicit attitude change : A systems of reasoning analysis

There is considerable controversy about how to conceptualize implicit and explicit attitudes, reflecting substantial speculation about the mechanisms involved in implicit and explicit attitude formation and change. To investigate this issue, the current work examines the processes by which new attitudes are formed and changed and how these attitudes predict behavior. Five experiments support a systems of reasoning approach to implicit and explicit attitude change. Specifically, explicit attitudes were shaped in a manner consistent with fast-changing processes, were affected by explicit processing goals, and uniquely predicted more deliberate behavioral intentions. Conversely, implicit attitudes reflected an associative system characterized by a slower process of repeated pairings between an attitude object and related evaluations, were unaffected by explicit processing goals, uniquely predicted spontaneous behaviors, and were exclusively affected by associative information about the attitude object that was not available for higher order cognition.
Poly-N-Isopropylacrylamide/acrylic Acid Copolymers for the Generation of Nanostructures at Mica Surfaces and as Hydrophobic Host Systems for the Porin MspA from Mycobacterium smegmatis.

The work presented here aims at utilizing poly-N-isopropyl-acrylamide/acrylic acid copolymers to create nanostructured layers on mica surfaces by a simple spincasting procedure. The average composi...
Late Postnatal Expansion of Self-reactive CD8αα+ Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes in Mice*

The intestinal epithelium is unique in that it harbors auto-reactive T cells largely absent from the peripheral TCR repertoire in normal mice. Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) expressing self-reactive TCR are mostly CD8αα+ cells in adult H-Y TCR RAG−/− male mice homozygous for the restricting MHC I allele, H-2Db. By contrast, in male mice heterozygous for the restricting and non-restricting MHC I allele, H-2Dd (MHC F1, H-2Db/d), IEL are composed of CD8αβ and CD8αα+ T cells. Here we demonstrate that IEL in the immediate postnatal period of MHC homozygous male mice were mostly CD8− T cells, while IEL in MHC F1 male mice were CD8− and CD8αβ+ T cells. Regardless of the MHC I configuration and the ability to support positive selection of CD8αβ+ cells in the thymus, the expansion of CD8αα+ IEL was a late postnatal event that followed a reduction in CD8− IEL. Furthermore, although in vivo treatment with the specific peptide antigen resulted in an earlier accumulation of activated IEL, the expansion o...
A comparison of craniotomy and Gamma Knife charges in a community-based Gamma Knife Center.

The hospital charges for all craniotomies and transsphenoidal procedures were gathered for a 4-year period from a single, non-profit hospital serving San Diego, Calif., USA. Of the individuals in this
Alpha-lipoic acid induces p27Kip-dependent cell cycle arrest in non-transformed cell lines and apoptosis in tumor cell lines.

alpha-Lipoic acid is a naturally-occurring co-factor found in a number of multi-enzyme complexes regulating metabolism. We report here that alpha-lipoic acid induces hyperacetylation of histones in vivo and has differential effects on the growth and viability of normal versus transformed cell lines. The human tumor cell lines FaDu and Jurkat, as well as a Ki-v-Ras-transformed Balb/c-3T3 murine mesenchymal cell line, all initiated apoptosis following exposure to alpha-lipoic acid. In contrast, treatment of non-transformed cell lines with alpha-lipoic acid resulted only in reversible cell cycle arrest in G0/G1. Treatment with butyrate, another short-chain fatty acid, induced a G0/G1 arrest in both transformed and non-transformed cell lines. alpha-Lipoic acid caused a post-translational elevation in the levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1. Studies using p27Kip1-deficient MEF cells demonstrated that p27Kip1 was required for the alpha-lipoic acid-mediated cell cycle arrest. The mechanism of apoptosis was independent of Fas-mediated signaling, as alpha-lipoic acid-treated Jurkat cell mutants deficient in Fas or FADD retained sensitivity to apoptosis. The differential selectivity of the pro-apoptotic effects of alpha-lipoic acid for transformed cells supports its potential use in the treatment of neoplastic disorders.
High Energy States of N 2 + and N 2

The rotational structure of the $C\ensuremath{-}X$ bands of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}^{+}$ has been analyzed. A rotational perturbation appears in the $v=0$ level of the $C$ state. Evidence is presented against postulating a vibrational perturbation in the $v=0$, $v=1$ levels of this state. Construction of potential curves using the new rotational data shows that previous assignments of vibrational levels are incorrect. A new vibrational numbering is proposed, which is in conformity with the Franck-Condon principle. The use of the Franck-Condon principle in predicting intensities in collisions of the second kind has been verified. Measurement of the rotational structure of the $c\ensuremath{-}X$ bands of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ shows that the $c$ state is the $v=1$ level of the ${b}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ state. The vibrational analysis confirms this identification, as does the intensity distribution. Perturbations between states ${p}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and ${b}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ are discussed. Evidence is cited to show that the $c$ state of Worley is identical with the ${p}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ state of Gaydon.
Intelligence, dominance, masculinity, and self-monitoring: Predicting leadership emergence in a military setting.

Organizations today place great emphasis on the selection of their managerial and supervisory personnel. Consequently, the need to develop strong predictors of leadership for use in selection tests...
Interaction of phytohormones and far‐red irradiation on the nyctinastic closing of Albizzia julibrissin pinnules

In order for far-red radiation at 760 nm to delay dark closing of Albizzia julibrissin pinnules, red light must be given simultaneously with or just prior to it. Studies have been made to determine whether a phytohormone can replace this red light requirement. Abscisic acid, gibberellin, kinetin, and indole-3-acetic acid have been found to replace the red light. Indole-3-carboxylic acid and a cytokinin antagonist are ineffective. In this hormone and far-red interaction, all hormones are effective at μM or lower concentrations. The hormones show no interaction with red light at 660 nm. Simultaneous irradiation at 550 nm negates the effect of hormone and far-red interaction in delaying leaflet closing. These results are additional evidence that an unidentified far-red absorbing pigment could be involved with phytochrome in some far-red-mediated processes.
Genetic linkage of mild pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH) to markersin the pericentromeric region of chromosome 19

Pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH) is a dominantly inherited form of short-limb dwarfism characterized by dysplastic changes in the spine, epiphyses, and metaphyses and early onset osteoarthropathy. Chondrocytes from affected individuals accumulate an unusual appearing material in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, which has led to the hypothesis that a structural abnormality in a cartilage-specific protein produces the phenotype. We recently identified a large family with a mild form of pseudoachondroplasia. By genetic linkage to a dinucleotide repeat polymorphic marker (D19S199), we have localized the disease gene to chromosome 19 (maximum lod score of 7.09 at a recombination fraction of 0.03). Analysis of additional markers and recombinants between the linked markers and the phenotype suggests that the disease gene resides within a 6.3-cM interval in the immediate pericentromeric region of the chromosome.
The Social Ecology of Race and Ethnicity School Achievement Gaps: Economic, Neighborhood, School, and Family Factors

This study used a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students to examine the degree to which economic, neighborhood, school, and family factors contributed to three points on a proposed school outcome continuum: (1)avoidance of problem behavior, (2)sense of school coherence, and (3)grades. Multilevel models were employed to account for the clustering of students inside schools. Results suggested that though family and neighborhood social factors contribute to variance in school outcomes, family and neighborhood economic factors revealed the largest potential to explain and therefore present leverage points to reduce race and ethnicity achievement gaps.
Origin of coarsely crystalline gypsum domes in a saline playa environment at the White Sands National Monument, New Mexico

[1] Dome-like structures up to 3 m in height, composed predominantly of coarse crystals of selenite gypsum, occur on the surface of Alkali Flat, a saline playa lake in White Sands National Monument, New Mexico. The structures were investigated using field observations, aerial images, and geochemical methods. The domes are inferred to be remnants of lake sediments that have been preserved from Holocene eolian erosion due to higher cementation resulting from crystallization of large gypsum (selenite) crystals in the playa's clay-rich sediments. Low δ2H values of the selenite, from −90 to −69 ‰, suggest precipitation from saturated solutions associated with groundwater seepage in the playa related to the upward flows of groundwater, primarily fed by meteoric water rather than the evaporation of the playa water. Values of δ34S for selenite range from 12.1 to 13.8 ‰ (median 13.0 ‰) and are notably higher than the dissolved sulfate in the modern groundwater system that has δ34S values from 10.2 to 11.8 ‰ (median 11.4 ‰). The two main regional sources of sulfate are Middle Permian evaporites with median δ34S values of 12.0 ‰ and Lower Permian evaporites with median δ34S values of 13.0 ‰. The δ34S values measured in domes suggest their formation during a period of time when groundwater seepage might have been dominated by deeply circulating water that interacted with Lower Permian evaporites buried in the basin center. The apparent alignments of domes suggest that past groundwater seepage was controlled by fractures beneath Alkali Flat which are associated with a regional fault system in the area.
The Teachable Pupil Survey: A Technique for Assessing Teachers' Perceptions of Pupil Attributes.

The Teachable Pupil Survey was developed to measure teachers' perceptions of attributes that characterize teachable pupils. Teachers were asked to generate their perceptions of “idealized teachable” pupils and to identify “teachable” attributes from an adjective checklist. The responses were submitted to a multidimensional scaling technique, item reliability was established, and the 33 descriptors were organized into a Likert-type scale consisting of three major dimensions. The dimensions were labelled Cognitive-Motivational Behaviors, School-Appropriate Behaviors, and Personal-Social Behaviors.
Toxicity of thiotepa on mouse spermatogenesis as determined by dual-parameter flow cytometry.

Abstract Multiparameter flow cytometry (FCM) measurements were made on acridine orange (AO)-stained mouse testicular cells and epididymal sperm cells to determine the effects of varying dosages of thiotepa (0–5 mg/kg ip daily × 5 days) on spermatogenesis at 7, 28, and 67 days after the last exposure (ALE). FCM multiparameter measurements included DNA stainability vs RNA content, peak amplitude vs integrated area of DNA fluorescent signal, and double-stranded DNA vs single-stranded DNA. Thiotepa exhibited dramatic damaging effects on the kinetics and/or cell kill of seven testicular cell types measured by dual-parameter flow cytometry. At 7 days ALE, one 4N cell type, likely the pachytene spermatocyte, was absent from the testes, and another was reduced by about 70%. By 28 days ALE, most of the germ cells were absent from the seminiferous tubules, and by 67 days ALE the testes were undergoing recovery of spermatogenesis with only half of the seminiferous tubules repopulated after treatment with 5.0 mg/kg. The dual parameters of DNA stainability vs RNA content provided better resolution of testicular cell types into distinct populations than the peak vs area processing of the green fluorescent signal of AO-stained cells. Dosage of thiotepa was significantly related to percentage of sperm head morphological abnormalities assayed by light microscopy. Utilizing the metachromatic properties of acridine orange, FCM measurements of the amount of single-stranded DNA induced within acid-stressed whole sperm or heat-stressed nuclei detected alterations of chromatin structure at the same minimal effective dose required to increase abnormal sperm head morphology. Epididymal sperm isolated from mice exposed to some concentrations of thiotepa had an increased percentage of free heads and tails. DNA in free heads denatured in situ to a greater extent than DNA in intact sperm.
Parotid mass in a woman with multiple cutaneous cylindromas.

Background. Familial autosomal dominant cylindromatosis (FADC) is a rare disease characterized by multiple cutaneous cylindromas, trichoepitheliomas, and spiradenomas. We present a case of a woman with scalp lesions and a parotid mass. Methods. Biopsy of a skin nodule demonstrated cylindroma, and fine-needle aspiration of the parotid mass suggested membranous basal cell adenoma, which was confirmed following superficial parotidectomy. The study includes case report and review of the literature. Results. Eighteen cases of cylindromatosis with coexistent salivary gland membranous basal cell adenoma were reported. Seventeen cases involved the parotid gland; there are 2 reports of malignant transformation. Conclusion. FADC should be considered in anyone with coexistent dermal and salivary gland neoplasms. Membranous basal cell adenoma may be mistaken for adenoid cystic carcinoma on cytologic or histologic examination. Total parotidectomy with facial nerve preservation or superficial parotidectomy with close follow-up is recommended, as multifocality and malignant transformation exist. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Dinitrogen Fixation by Seven Legume Crops in Alaska

Information on amounts of N₂ fixed by legumes in subarctic regions is lacking. We determined the N₂-fixation potential of seven legume species under field conditions in subarctic Alaska. Seasonal N₂ fixation was estimated for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), yellow sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis Lam.), fababean (Vicia faba L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), and white lupin (Lupinus alba L.) on a neutral (pH 7.2) and an acid (pH 5.4) soil during two field seasons. A lime variable was included at the acid soil location. Dinitrogen fixation was estimated by the ¹⁵N isotope dilution method and by the total-plant N difference method. Three non-N₂-fixing crops and uninoculated analogs at one location were used as reference crops. Agreement among reference crops and between methods of estimating N₂ fixation was adequate for most applications, but differences of >50 kg ha⁻¹ were sometimes observed. Maximum N2 fixation estimates by the isotope dilution method were 58 kg ha⁻¹ for alfalfa, 121 for red clover, 109 for sweetclover, 204 for fababean, 72 for lentil, 121 for pea, and 162 for white lupin. Liming usually did not significantly affect N₂ fixation. Nitrogenase activity, as measured by the acetylene reduction assay, peaked at or soon after flowering in some legumes; in others, it either plateaued or continued to increase after flowering until the end of the growing season. Joint contribution of the Alaska Agric. Exp. Stn. and the USDA-ARS Subarctic Res. Unit, Fairbanks, AK.
Hotel Information Technology Security: Do Hoteliers Understand the Risks?

During the past decade, information technology (IT) has significantly changed the way the hotel industry controls and manages operations. While many technologies have been utilized, some newer technologies have emerged in the literature and in practice, and many of them impact the hotel's security. The purpose of this study is to understand how hotels with different service levels are currently using these technologies, and if having an internal IT department and sufficient IT budget impacts the use of these technologies. Among the results, this study identified a gap between hoteliers’ understanding of IT budget adequacy and the adequacy of installed IT security systems. The results also showed that luxury properties were significantly more likely to employ adequate IT security systems than other service levels.
Acute arterial thrombosis associated with cocaine abuse.

Abstract Purpose Cocaine-induced arterial thrombosis is uncommon, and most reported cases involved small-diameter vessels such as the cerebral and coronary arteries. This study was undertaken to review our experience with peripheral arterial thrombosis presumed caused by cocaine abuse. Methods Hospital records were reviewed for all patients admitted over 10 years with acute arterial occlusion involving the peripheral arterial system. Patients with confirmation of cocaine use or of its derivative, crack cocaine, within 24 hours of hospital admission formed the basis of this study. Symptoms at presentation, management, and outcome in these patients were reviewed. Results Three hundred eighty-two patients with acute peripheral arterial occlusion were identified during the study period. The presumptive diagnosis of cocaine-induced arterial occlusion was made in 5 patients (4 men, mean age 38 years). Cocaine use was achieved via intranasal inhalation in 2 patients (40%), whereas the 3 remaining patients smoked crack cocaine (60%). The mean time between cocaine use and onset of arterial thrombosis was 9.2 hours (range, 2-20 hours). Symptoms at presentation included acute limb ischemia without pedal Doppler signals (3 patients, 60%) and abdominal pain without femoral pulses (2 patients, 40%). Arterial occlusion was confirmed on angiograms in all patients, which revealed aortic thrombosis in 1 patient (20%), iliac thrombosis in 2 patients (40%), superficial femoral artery thrombosis in 1 patient (20%), and popliteal artery occlusion in 1 patient (20%). Surgical thrombectomy was successfully performed in 4 patients (80%), and 1 patient (20%) underwent successful thrombolytic therapy for femoropopliteal artery occlusion. There was no perioperative mortality. All 5 patients who were discharged were available for follow-up (mean, 36 months; range, 6-75 months). There was 1 late death from myocardial infarction. In 1 patient recurrent lower extremity arterial thrombosis developed after 28 months, which was successfully treated with thrombolytic therapy. Conclusions Our study underscores cocaine abuse as a potential cause of acute arterial thrombosis. Cocaine-induced arterial thrombosis should be suspected in patients with recent history of cocaine abuse with acute limb ischemia without an identifiable source or overt cardiovascular risk factors. Prompt angiography with operative or endovascular intervention should be performed to avert arterial ischemic sequelae.
Cold-acclimation-induced protein hypertrophy in channel catfish and green sunfish.

1. Following acclimation of channel catfish to a reduction in temperature from 25 degrees to 15 degrees C, there were approximately two-fold increases in liver mass, cell size, total protein, and total enzyme activity, relative to activity per milligram of protein and per gram wet weight of tissue, indicating tissue hypertrophy. There was no change in either total liver DNA content or protein concentration per gram weight. 2. Green sunfish, unlike catfish, showed virtually no change in liver mass following cold acclimation. However, sunfish showed a net increase in total liver protein content and an increase in protein concentration. The increase in protein content was balanced by a reciprocal and equivalent decrease in glycogen content. Consequently, liver mass was maintained. 3. During cold acclimation both catfish and sunfish showed an increase in ventricular heart mass and protein content, but no change in protein concentration. 4. The activities of several enzymes were measured in liver from 15 degrees C and 25 degrees C steady-state-acclimated catfish and at intervals following transfer from 15 degrees to 25 degrees C and from 25 degrees to 15 degrees C. Total tissue enzyme activity showed positive compensation which correlated with the change in liver mass and protein content. Specific activities based on protein and on wet weight showed dissimilar acclimatory patterns. Two enzymes - cytochrome oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase - showed inverse compensation in specific activity but positive compensation in total activity. Citrate synthase, glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase showed positive compensation in both specific and total activities. 5. The increase in tissue protein content or 'protein hypertrophy' occurred with cell hypertrophy in cold-acclimated catfish, while protein hypertrophy occurred as an increased protein concentration without cell hypertrophy in sunfish. This phenomenon is considered adaptive in that it permits a compensatory increase in the total enzymatic capacity of a tissue. The two-fold increases in total enzyme activities, superimposed on either an increase or decrease in specific activity, suggest that two biochemical mechanisms may be operative during cold-induced liver hypertrophy, one effecting a specific step in protein translation at a point common to the synthesis of all proteins and a second targetted pretranslationally, i.e., transcriptional regulation.
Impact on family of management strategies for perforated appendicitis in children.

Abstract Background/Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the impact on the family of immediate appendectomy compared with initial nonoperative management for perforated appendicitis in children. Methods Sixty-six prospectively identified families of children with perforated appendicitis completed a daily activity journal and the Impact on Family Scale at presentation and at completion of therapy. Results There were no significant differences in postoperative surgical site infections or number of missed school or employment days between the immediate appendectomy group (n = 40) and the initial nonoperative management group (n = 26). Impact on Family Scale total scores decreased over time for both groups, but this improvement over time was significant only in the initial nonoperative management group ( P Conclusions Immediate appendectomy or initial nonoperative management can effectively manage perforated appendicitis in children with no statistically significant differences in the number of missed school or employment days. Greater improvements in family impact are associated with initial nonoperative management as measured by the Impact on Family Scale at completion of therapy.
Reflecting on the Rationales for String Study in Schools

This essay will address the question of the value of string education by first examining arguments offered on behalf of string education in schools, and noting their somewhat mixed value. Then a set of arguments will be presented that may have greater promise. The focal point will be the establishment of excellence in string teaching and playing. When public school string programs are of the highest quality, they produce the kinds of musical outcomes that will draw strong support from students, communities, and administrators. While string programs should always have strong advocacy arguments at their disposal, these arguments should be balanced by a high level of musicianship and musicality in the public schools which will in turn draw fine teachers and students to string education.