cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PRODUCTION OF SOY ISOLATES BY ULTRAFILTRATION: PROCESS ENGINEERING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HOLLOW FIBER SYSTEM

The effect of various performance parameters on flux during the hollow fiber ultrafiltration of defatted soy flour extracts was studied. Flux was significantly affected by pressure up to the limits of the unit. Higher temperatures also increased flux. However, flow rate had practically no effect. Also, no hysteresis effects were observed upon lowering the pressure from the highest to lowest values. The data indicated that concentration polarization or mass transfer was not rate-controlling and flux behavior could be modelled by momentum transfer considerations. A modified power law version of the Poiseuille equation, J= A (▵PT)n, best fit the data, where J is the flux, ▵PT is the transmembrane pressure and A and n are constants characteristic of a particular membrane-feed combination. A and n decreased with increasing solids in the feed, and A increased while n decreased with increasing temperature.
A new approach for the z-domain analysis of linear periodically time-varying discrete time systems

A report is presented on a closed matrix formalism for analyzing linear periodically time-varying (LPTV) systems specific by either the input-output equation or the canonical realization. It is shown that the two structures usually behave differently if the coefficient sequences are the same, but for a special type of LPTV system the same coefficients are suitable for both the direct-form and canonical realizations. In this case the transfer characteristics can be expressed analytically instead of using a matrix description. A switched capacitor example illustrates how easy it is to analyze interconnections of LPTV systems on the basis of the input-output equations of the building blocks by applying the method presented. >
The Fabulous (11, 5, 2) Biplane

I told him of my chagrin on seeing a picture similar to FIGURE 1 (bUt much prettier, and in color) on the cover of a book [6] on combinatorial designs. The picture was lovely, and the reason for my strong feelings was purely selfish: I was trying to construct such a picture, and somebody else thought of it first. But it wasn't labeled. It was fun finding a labeling compatible with the symmetries of the biplane. To find generators for the symmetry group of the biplane which turns out to have a name, PSL(2, 1 1 ) was more fun. The best part, however, was learning about the exact connection between the biplane and six pairs of mathematical objects. We find these six mathematical pairs just outside the boundaries of many traditional courses, where a bit of exploration can lead the curious to all manner of interesting mathematics. A good course in coding theory will mention two pairs of perfect error-correcting codes, namely the Golay codes {Gll, G12} and {G23, G24}, but sometimes only in passing. Look past the usual topics in combinatorics into the world of combinatorial designs and you will meet two pairs of Steiner systems, namely {S(4, 5, 11), S(5, 6, 12)} and {S(4, 7, 23), S(5, 8, 24)}. Beyond the first course
WHY DO BOOMERS PLAN TO WORK SO LONG

Recent changes in retirement trends and patterns have raised questions about the likely retirement behavior of baby boomers, the large cohort born between 1946 and 1964. This study compares the retirement expectations of workers ages 51 to 56 in 2004 (who were born between 1948 and 1953, the leading edge of the baby boom) and 1992 (born between 1936 and 1941). Data come from the Health and Retirement Study. Work expectations increased significantly over the period. Between 1992 and 2004, the mean expected probability of working full-time past age 62 among workers ages 51 to 56 increased from 47 percent to 51 percent. The increase was even more rapid for the expected mean probability of full-time work after age 65, which grew from 27 percent to about 33 percent over the period. Controlling for other factors, self employment, education, and earnings increased work expectations at older ages, while defined benefit pension coverage, employer-sponsored retiree health benefits, and household wealth reduced expectations. Lower rates of retiree health insurance offers from employers, higher levels of educational attainment, and lower rates of defined benefit pension coverage accounted for most of the increase between 1992 and 2004 in expected work probabilities after ages 62 and 65. These trends suggest that the boomers will remain at work longer than the previous generation. The recent uptick in average retirement ages appears to be the leading edge of a new long-term trend. Lengthier careers will likely promote economic growth, increase government revenue, and improve individual financial security at older ages.
Beliefs about cancer and diet among those considering genetic testing for colon cancer.

Abstract Objective To assess beliefs about the role of diet in cancer prevention among individuals considering genetic testing for Lynch Syndrome. Design Family-centered, cascade recruitment; baseline assessment of a longitudinal study. Setting Clinical research setting. Participants Participants were 390 persons, ages 18 and older, including persons with a Lynch Syndrome-associated cancer and suspected of carrying a disease causing mutation, and relatives at risk for inheriting a previously identified mutation. Main Outcome Measures Assess clustering of beliefs about the role of diet in cancer prevention and predictors of class membership. Analysis Confirmatory factor analysis; 2-class factor mixture model with binary indicators; multilevel regression analyses, individuals nested within families. Results Women endorsed a relationship between diet and cancer prevention more often than men ( P P P P P Conclusions and Implications Identifying factors associated with a belief in cancer prevention through dietary behaviors can inform targeted interventions.
The cuticle on the gametophyte calyptra matures before the sporophyte cuticle in the moss Funaria hygrometrica (Funariaceae).

 Premise of the study: In vascular plants, leaf primordia prevent desiccation of the shoot apical meristem. Lacking leaves, the undifferentiated moss sporophyte apex is covered by the calyptra, a cap of maternal gametophyte tissue that is hypothesized to function in desiccation protection. Herein, we compare cuticle development on the calyptra and sporophyte to assess the calyptra ’ s potential to protect the sporophyte from desiccation. As the fi rst comprehensive study of moss sporophyte cuticle development, this research broadens our perspectives on cuticle development and evolution across embryophytes.  Methods: Calyptrae and sporophytes at nine developmental stages were collected from a laboratory-grown population of the moss Funaria hygrometrica . Tissues were embedded, sectioned, then examined using transmission electron microscopy. Epidermal cells were measured for thickness of the cuticle layers, cell wall thickness, and lumen size.  Key results: The calyptra cuticle develops precociously and reaches maturity before the sporophyte cuticle. Calyptrae are covered by a four-layered cuticle at all stages, whereas sporophyte cuticle maturation is delayed until sporangium formation. The development and thickening of the sporophyte cuticle occurs in an acropetal wave.  Conclusions: A multilayered calyptra cuticle at the earliest developmental stages is consistent with its ability to protect the immature sporophyte from desiccation. Young sporophytes lack a complex cuticle and thus may require protection, whereas in older sporophytes a mature cuticle develops. The moss calyptra is not a vestigial structure, but rather the calyptra ’ s role in preventing desiccation offers a functional explanation for calyptra retention during the 450 Myr of moss evolution.
A Detour Through `Nascar Nation': Ethnographic Articulations of a Neoliberal Sporting Spectacle

This study offers an ethnographically informed critical interrogation of the spaces and spectacles of `NASCAR Nation'. Informed by a series of open-ended interviews with fans and administrators at ...
Variational data assimilation for determining the seasonal net surface heat flux using a tropical pacific ocean model

Abstract The authors present a study for determining the seasonal net surface heat flux over the tropical Pacific Ocean using an adjoint technique. A simple tropical ocean model with thermodynamics is chosen and the seasonal sea surface temperature (SST) observations are assimilated. A least-squares fitting of the model state to data is used. The cost function has a misfit term that measures the difference between the modeled and observed SST and two additional terms that penalize the departure of the estimated parameters from their prior information. The adjoint method ensures that the flux pattern obtained is consistent with the model's dynamics and thermodynamics and is also in agreement with observations. Comparisons with heat flux atlases of Oberhuber and Fu et al. show that our adjoint calculations have successfully captured the main seasonal signals of the surface heat flux distribution over the tropical Pacific Ocean although, not surprisingly, some differences exist. The differences are examined ...
Small mammal communities of high elevation central Appalachian wetlands

We surveyed small mammal assemblages at 20 high-elevation wetlands in West Virginia and Maryland and examined relationships among mammal capture rates, richness and evenness and landscape features at multiple spatial scales. In 24,693 trap nights we captured 1451 individuals of 12 species. Small mammal species richness increased with wetland size and was negatively correlated with trail density. Generalists, such as meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) and shrews (Sorex cinereus, Blarina brevicauda), dominated larger, more open wetlands, whereas southern red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi) were more prevalent at smaller sites surrounded by mixed coniferous-deciduous forest stands. Furthermore, meadow voles were captured more often at sites with higher road density and lower trail density. Southern bog lemmings (Synaptomys cooperi) were captured at less than half the sites, all of which were surrounded by a high proportion of deciduous forest. Although significant relationships were found, landscape features explained <20% of total variation at any spatial scale. Other factors, such as land use history or competition, likely have exerted a greater influence in small mammal abundance and distribution at these sites.
SDFS: Secure distributed file system for data-at-rest security for Hadoop-as-a-service

Cloud service providers are offering the popular Hadoop analytics platform following an "as-a-service" model, i.e. clusters of machines in their cloud infrastructures pre-configured with Hadoop software. Such offerings lower the cost and complexity of deploying a comparable system on-premises, however security considerations and in particular data confidentiality hamper wider adoption of such services by enterprises that handle data of sensitive nature. In this paper, we describe our efforts in providing security for data-at-rest (i.e. data that is stored) when Hadoop is offered as a cloud service. We analyze the requirements and architecture for such service and further describe a new distributed file system that we developed for Hadoop called SDFS, towards supporting this premise. We analyze parameter tuning for SDFS and through experiments on a real test-bed we evaluate its performance. We further present simulation results that explore the parameter space and can guide tuning.
Psychosocial aspects of rational suicide.

In recent years a more permissive attitude has emerged concerning the choice of suicide as an alternative to some life situations This trend is examined with particular focus on increased public ac...
An Approximation to the General Galerkin Method of Computing Coupled‐Mode Synthetic Seismograms

Abstract Quasi‐Love (QL) scattered surface waves are the result of lateral gradients of seismic anisotropy in Earth’s upper mantle. These polarization anomalies can be forward modeled in the context of normal‐mode coupling. However, methods for computing coupled‐mode synthetic seismograms, such as the general Galerkin method, are computationally intensive, especially in the case of 3D structure. In this report, we present an approximation of the general Galerkin method of computing coupled‐mode synthetic seismograms. The approximation replaces the formal eigenvector decomposition of the elastic potential energy coupling matrix V in the general Galerkin method with a piecewise approach. The approximation uses the closed‐form eigenvectors of 2×2 coupling matrices V ( kj ) , which represent the interactions between two individual singlets s k and s j , to form the eigenvectors of V . The approximation is benchmarked against the exact general Galerkin method using zonally symmetric anisotropic structure. We find the approximation successfully reproduces the QL waveforms with a slight underestimate of the amplitude. By limiting the east–west extent of the zonally symmetric structure, we extend the approximation to a 3D structure. We find that the sharp lateral gradients in anisotropy created by the north–south running boundaries of the 3D structure contribute to the observed scattering until they are outside the sensitivity zone as defined by Ritzwoller et al. (2002). This demonstrates the sensitivity of QL surface‐wave scattering to off‐path structure. We also explicitly confirm the path‐integral asymptotics that in the limit of smooth off‐path structure, QL surface‐wave scattering can be represented via the path integral along the source–receiver great circle path rather than the volume integral over Earth.
Remembering Paulo Freire's Legacy of Hope and Possibility as it Relates to Health Education/Promotion

Abstract I always say that the only way anyone has of applying in their situation any of the propositions I have made is precisely by redoing what I have done, that is, by not following me. In order to follow me it is essential not to follow me! —Paulo Freire, p. 30 Learning to Question
Formation of Sputtered Y-Ba-Cu-O Superconducting Thin Film on Metal Substrate

Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-x superconducting composites have been prepared on metallic substrate by rf magnetron sputtering method. Buffer layer of thin SrTiO 3 layer between superconducting film and the substrate was found to be effective to realize superconductivity. Preferable grain alignment of c-axis was also obtained. The critical current density at 77K was 2.2x103 A/cm 2 with T c at 83K, and it was found that the thicker films had the higher Jc values.
Higher-Order Cyclopropenimine Superbases: Direct Neutral Brønsted Base Catalyzed Michael Reactions with α-Aryl Esters

The synthesis and characterization of six new classes of higher-order superbases, including five that incorporate cyclopropenimine functionality, has been achieved. We propose a nomenclature that designates these as the CG2, GC2, PC3, PC1, C3, and GP2 classes of superbases. The pKBH+ values were measured to be between 29.0 and 35.6 in acetonitrile. Linear correlations of ten superbase basicities vs that of their substituents demonstrated the insulating effect of the cyclopropenimine core. The molecular structures of several of these materials were obtained by single-crystal X-ray analysis, revealing interesting aspects of conformational bias and noncovalent organization. The types of superbasic cores and substituents were each reliably shown to affect selectivity for deprotonation over alkylation. Higher-order cyclopropenimine and guanidine superbase stability to hydrolysis was found to correlate to basicity. Finally, a GC2 base was found to catalyze conjugate additions of α-aryl ester pronucleophiles, re...
Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of primary cutaneous lymphomas.

Primary cutaneous lymphomas represent a broad spectrum of distinct entities with multiple clinical and pathologic presentations, prognosis, and treatment approaches. Given their rarity and heterogeneity, these entities represent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, thus requiring a multidisciplinary approach and expertise to ensure appropriate diagnosis and management.
Dynamic motivated processing of emotional trajectories in public service announcements

ABSTRACTThis manuscript, based upon previous work related to the dynamic processing of emotional trajectories, investigated how variable trajectories of emotional content can elicit motivational activation over time. Specifically, five emotional trajectories were examined: pleasant, unpleasant, pleasant and unpleasant simultaneously, pleasant leading to unpleasant, and unpleasant leading to pleasant. The resources available for encoding were indexed via secondary task reaction times, and memory was assessed via audio and video recognition. The results indicated that audio recognition improves as activation increases in the appetitive system while visual recognition improves as activation in the aversive system increases. The implications of these results are discussed in terms of communication theory and practice.
Non-invasive input function measurement using a modular detector device

2624 Objectives Measurement of arterial input functions for use in PET kinetic modeling require invasive arterial blood sampling that is difficult for the patient and challenging for the imaging staff. This abstract examines the use of a detector device by Lucerno Dynamics, LLC for the purposes of collecting arterial input function information. Methods Patients were seated in a standard injection chair. Detector elements were placed on the patient on the mid-bicepof the injection and opposing arm (control), as well as near the carotid artery. The device began collecting data 10 seconds prior to standard FDG injection. The patient remained seated in the injection chair for 3 minutes beforemoving to a standard holding room. The patient was held for 45 minutes before being called for their PET scan. The device was removed prior to exiting the holding room. Data from the device was temperature and decay corrected, then processed into time activity curves (TACs) and plotted for analysis. Results The detector device was easy to attach to and remove from patients using standard medical tape or tegaderm. The portable nature of the device enabled movement from the injection chair to the holding room. The patient expressed no discomfort with the device during injection or uptake times. Analysis of TACs indicate the detector systems was able to measure regional activity. Curves for veinous and arterial inputs were as expected with rapid peaks within 15-20 seconds followed by exponential decay. Differences between veinous and arterial peak times (14 seconds) were consistent with typical transit times for normal patients. Conclusions The presented device from Lucerno Dynamics, LLC, shows potential for use as a non-invasive method for determining arterial input functions for dynamic PET studies. This system may also obviate the need for "on the bed" injections and long 1 hour acquisitions to obtain image derived input functions. Further analysis is required to compare these methods with arterial blood sampling techniques. Research Support Funding for this research comes from departmental funds from the Molecular Imaging and Translational Research Program in the Graduate School of Medicine at the University of Tennessee. The device is made available to the University of Tennessee through a research collaboration with Lucerno Dynamics, LLC.
Microbial Profile of Supragingival and Subgingival Plaque of Patients With Glycogen Storage Disease

Abstract Patients with glycogen storage disease (GSD) are either orally fed (ORF) or gastronomy-tube fed (GTF) with cornstarch to maintain normal glucose levels. It is not known whether the use of cornstarch affects the microbiological oral profile of patients with GSD. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare supragingival and subgingival plaque samples collected from 53 participants with GSD (2-56 years)—29 ORF and 24 GTF. The 16S sequence bacterial profiles of plaque DNA were obtained and a total of 768 probes were detected across the plaque groups. Orally fed patients showed higher means of cariogenic species and periodontal health-associated species, whereas GTF patients showed higher means of periopathogenic species (P < .05). Orally fed patients exhibited high levels of caries pathogens and lower levels of periodontal pathogens possibly due to the acidic environment created by their cornstarch diet, when compared to GTF patients.
DFT investigation of CF bond activation by a low-coordinate cobalt(I) complex

Abstract A low-coordinate cobalt(I) complex, LtBuCo [LtBu = bulky β-diketiminate ligand] was reported to be capable of cleaving the C F bond in fluoroarenes. To investigate the mechanism of C F bond activation, a simplified ligand model (LMeCo) with methyl substituents was first used as a guide before the full LtBuCo complex was calculated. DFT calculations indicate the free energy change of C F oxidative addition is −3.9 kcal mol−1 to yield a Co(III) product. When the initial interaction of Co(I) complexes and the π-ring of PhF occurs, the free energy increases by 0.4 kcal mol−1. As a result, the formation of π-adducts is deemed to be an important mechanistic step, but is very sensitive to the steric influence of the supporting ligand substituents. The calculations indicate oxidative addition as a viable pathway for the activation of strong C F bonds by Earth-abundant 3d metals.
Towards an Archival Critique: Opening Possibilities for Addressing Neoliberalism in the Archival Field

Neoliberalism, as economic doctrine, as political practice, and even as a "governing rationality" of contemporary life and work, has been encroaching on the library and information studies (LIS) field for decades. The shift towards a conscious grappling with social justice and human rights debates and concerns in archival studies scholarship and practice since the 1990s opens the possibility for addressing neoliberalism and its elusive presence. Despite its far-reaching influence, neoliberalism has yet to be substantively addressed in archival discourse. In this article, we propose a set of questions for archival practitioners and scholars to reflect on and consider through their own hands-on practices, research, and productions with records, records creators, and distinct archival communities in order to develop an ongoing archival critique. The goal of this critique is to move towards "an ethical practice of community, as an important mode of participation." This article marks a starting point for critically engaging the archival studies discipline along with the LIS field more broadly by interrogating the discursive and material evidences and implications of neoliberalism.
Okun’s Equality-Efficiency Trade-Off

The leaks are attributed to the administrative costs of taxation, the incentive effects on work for both those paying the taxes and those receiving the redistributed income, and from the resources used for tax avoidance. For many, this has become an economic law used to resist any attempt to address inequality.
Mixed thermal conditions in convection: how do continents affect the mantle's circulation?

Natural convection is omnipresent on Earth. A basic and well-studied model for it is Rayleigh–Benard convection, the fluid flow in a layer heated from below and cooled from above. Most explorations of Rayleigh–Benard convection focus on spatially uniform, perfectly conducting thermal boundary conditions, but many important geophysical phenomena are characterized by boundary conditions which are a mixture of conducting and adiabatic materials. For example, the differences in thermal conductivity between continental and oceanic lithospheres are believed to play an important role in plate tectonics. To study this, Wang et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 817, 2017, R1), measure the effect of mixed adiabatic–conducting boundary conditions on turbulent Rayleigh–Benard convection, finding experimental proof that even if the total heat transfer is primarily affected by the adiabatic fraction, the arrangement of adiabatic and conducting plates is crucial in determining the large-scale flow dynamics.
Understanding What Is Most Important to Individuals with Multiple Chronic Conditions: A Qualitative Study of Patients’ Perspectives

To improve care for individuals living with multiple chronic conditions, patients and providers must align care planning with what is most important to patients in their daily lives. We have a limited understanding of how to effectively encourage communication about patients’ personal values during clinical care. To identify what patients with multiple chronic conditions describe as most important to their well-being and health. We interviewed individuals with multiple chronic conditions in their homes and analyzed results qualitatively, guided by grounded theory. A total of 31 patients (mean age 68.7 years) participated in the study, 19 of which included the participation of family members. Participants were from Kaiser Permanente Washington, an integrated health care system in Washington state. Qualitative analysis of home visits, which consisted of semi-structured interviews aided by photo elicitation. Analysis revealed six domains of what patients described as most important for their well-being and health: principles, relationships, emotions, activities, abilities, and possessions. Personal values were interrelated and rarely expressed as individual values in isolation. The domains describe the range and types of personal values multimorbid older adults deem important to well-being and health. Understanding patients’ personal values across these domains may be useful for providers when developing, sharing, and following up on care plans.
Potency following radical prostatectomy with wide unilateral excision of the neurovascular bundle.

AbstractDelineation of the neurovascular bundles has made it possible to identify the branches of the pelvic plexus to the corpora cavernosa intraoperatively and to decide whether the bundles can be preserved or resected widely with the specimen. In the course of performing 312 radical retropubic prostatectomies the neurovascular bundle was widely excised unilaterally in 49 men with advanced clinical disease in whom, based on preoperative or intraoperative assessment, the bundle appeared to be involved by tumor. Because of this selection criterion these patients had higher clinical stage (52 per cent had clinical stage B2) and pathological stage (35 per cent had microscopic involvement of pelvic lymph nodes) disease than our previously reported series. In 38 patients the margins of resection were negative for tumor. In 11 patients despite attempts at wide excision of the lesion the surgical margins of resection were positive. In all 11 men with positive surgical margins there was extensive periprostatic e...
The Facilitating Role of Task Alternation on Group Idea Generation

During group idea generation, group members often first retrieve typical ideas from common categories. The sharing of these typical ideas is likely to lead to fixation on them preventing subsequent creative idea generation. Two experiments were conducted to examine whether a task-alternation approach can reduce such fixation and facilitate idea generation. Dyads were asked to work on idea generation tasks (Experiment 1) or category–exemplar generation tasks (Experiment 2). In both experiments, dyads had to perform the tasks in either a continuous or an alternating condition. The continuous dyads worked on one task continuously before proceeding to another. The alternating dyads switched between tasks. Both experiments found a positive role of task alternation. Moreover, the performance gap between the alternating and continuous dyads increased over time. We conclude that task alternation facilitates group idea generation, most likely via overcoming fixation.
Assessing local stromal alterations in human ovarian cancer subtypes via second harmonic generation microscopy and analysis.

The collagen architecture in all human ovarian cancers is substantially remodeled, where these alterations are manifested in different fiber widths, fiber patterns, and fibril size and packing. Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has differentiated normal tissues from high-grade serous (HGS) tumors with high accuracy; however, the classification between low-grade serous, endometrioid, and benign tumors was less successful. We postulate this is due to known higher genetic variation in these tissues relative to HGS tumors, which are genetically similar, and this results in more heterogeneous collagen remodeling in the respective matrix. Here, we examine fiber widths and SHG emission intensity and directionality locally within images (e.g., 10×10 microns) and show that normal tissues and HGS tumors are more uniform in fiber properties as well as in fibril size and packing than the other tissues. Moreover, these distributions are in good agreement with phase matching considerations relating SHG emission directionality and intensity. The findings show that in addition to average collagen assembly properties the intrinsic heterogeneity must also be considered as another aspect of characterization. These local analyses showed differences not shown in pure intensity-based image analyses and may provide further insight into disease etiology of the different tumor subtypes.
BELIEF UPDATING BY NETWORK PROPAGATION

This chapter focuses on fusing and propagating the impact of new evidence and beliefs through Bayesian networks so that each proposition eventually would be assigned a certainty measure consistent with the axioms of probability theory. Since a fully specified Bayesian network constitutes a complete probabilistic model of the variables in a domain, the network contains the information needed to answer all probabilistic queries about these variables. The queries might be requests to interpret specific input data or, if utility information is provided, requests to recommend the best course of action. Interpretation requires instantiating a set of variables corresponding to the input data, calculating their impact on the probabilities of variables designated as hypotheses, and finally, selecting the most likely combinations of these hypotheses. The ability to update beliefs by an autonomous propagation mechanism also has a profound effect on sequential implementations of evidential reasoning. Belief updating might be activated by changes occurring in logically related propositions (spreading activation), by requests for evidence arriving from a central supervisor (goal-directed activation), by a predetermined schedule, or entirely at random.
Radiology Education in Medical School and Residency: The Views and Needs of Program Directors.

Rationale and Objectives The authors of this study used the perspectives of residency program directors (PDs) nationally to explore whether trainees are adequately prepared to utilize and interpret medical imaging as interns, to identify the types of imaging skills most important for residency, and to begin to address current shortcomings in radiology education. Materials and Methods The authors created a survey using a modified version of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education radiology milestones and sent it to 100 randomly selected PDs each in pediatrics, internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, and general surgery. The survey asked PDs to assess the actual and desired imaging skills of their incoming interns, the incoming interns' variability of skill level upon matriculation, and which imaging skills were most important from the PDs' perspective. Results PDs from all specialties identified a significant shortcoming relative to their expectations for both image interpretation and utilization skills. Additionally, PDs identified a significant variability in imaging skills, and described that variability as a hindrance to their programs. All of the potential imaging skills were rated as highly important with little clinically relevant difference between them. Discussion This multidisciplinary national survey found a deficiency in imaging education among interns across specialties and substantiates calls for formalized and improved radiology education in undergraduate medical education. Additionally, PDs had difficulty distinguishing which skills were most important, suggesting an unclear understanding of imaging ability needs for interns in respective specialties. More specific needs assessments are warranted on a national level.
CYP2E1-Catalyzed Alcohol Metabolism: Role of Oxidant Generation in Interferon Signaling, Antigen Presentation and Autophagy

Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is one of two major enzymes that catalyze ethanol oxidation in the liver. CYP2E1 is also unique because it is inducible, as its hepatic content rises after continuous (chronic) ethanol administration, thereby accelerating the rate of ethanol metabolism and affording greater tolerance to heavy alcohol consumption. However, the broad substrate specificity of CYP2E1 and its capacity to generate free radicals from alcohol and other hepatotoxins, places CYP2E1 as a central focus of not only liver toxicity, but also as an enzyme that regulates cytokine signaling, antigen presentation, and macromolecular degradation, all of which are crucial to liver cell function and viability. Here, we describe our own and other published work relevant to the importance of CYP2E1-catalyzed ethanol oxidation and how this catalysis affects the aforementioned cellular processes to produce liver injury.
Degassing of the Earth

The discovery of 3He in basaltic glasses and in seawater that has cycled through mid-ocean ridges has confirmed the reality of the release of juvenile gases from the mantle today. The rate of 3He loss from the mantle is now reasonably well-known. Since the ratio of the concentration of this nuclide to that of 20Ne, 36Ar, 84Kr, 132Xe has been measured in a number of mantle xenoliths and volcanic rocks, the rate at which the rare gases are released from the mantle can be estimated. The most likely value of the degassing rate of 20Ne and 36Ar is approximately 13% of the mean degassing rate, defined as the total quantity of these nuclides in the atmosphere divided by the age of the Earth. The low value of the present degassing rate is consistent with an early period of intense degassing from the mantle. Most of the CO2that is added to the atmosphere today is recycled rather than juvenile. This seems to have been true during much of geologic time. The acid- base balance of crustal rocks has been remarkably constant during the past 3000 m.y.; this indicates that the rate of supply of weathering acids has been matched rather closely by the rate of conversion of igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks into sedimentary rocks.
Temperature Dependent Dielectric Function and Critical Points of Bulk Ge Compared to α-Sn on InSb

The temperature dependence of the dielectric function of Ge is investigated in a spectral range from 0.5 to 6.3 eV between 10 and 738 K. Structures occurring in the infrared region of α-Sn on InSb are compared to the absorption edge of Ge.
Make Professional Time for Yourself

It is important to schedule time in your workday for both your professional and personal self. Using this time to manage your stress and budget your time helps to prevent burn out and allows you to become a more organized employee. Ultimately, taking a little time to look at your whole work-life picture each day will help you organize all your tasks to make them flow more efficiently without feeling overwhelmed.
Help-seeking Behavior in Socially Conservative and Christian Suicide Decedents.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between religious affiliation, political beliefs, and lifetime mental health help-seeking behavior in a sample of suicide decedents. We hypothesized that Christian decedents would be less likely to have sought help than non-Christians, and socially conservative individuals would be less likely to have sought help than socially liberal or moderate individuals. METHOD Smaller samples (N = 147 for political analyses, N = 218 for religion analyses) were drawn from a larger sample of 267 suicide decedents, for whom data were collected from loss survivors. RESULTS Logistic regression analyses showed that Christian and non-Christian individuals did not differ significantly in help-seeking behavior prior to death by suicide. Individuals who identified as socially liberal were significantly more likely to have sought mental health care than were individuals who identified as socially conservative. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to examine the association between social conservatism and a lack of help-seeking behavior. These findings show the importance of implementing interventions to increase help-seeking behavior for suicidality within demographic groups that stigmatize help-seeking behavior, specifically socially conservative individuals. They also stress the importance of suicide prevention tactics that do not require disclosing suicidal intent within these groups.
Abstract 444: Dusp4 Overexpressed EC Derived Exosomes Promote Angiogenesis: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy For Ischemic Heart Disease

After an ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury to the heart, re-establishing blood flow to the infarct region can salvage myocardium, stimulate angiogenesis and recruit progenitor cells for tissue ...
Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Formal [2 + 2 + 1] Annulation for the Modular Synthesis of Tetrahydroindoles and Tetrahydrocyclopenta[ b]pyrroles.

An expedient synthesis of tetrahydroindoles and tetrahydrocyclopenta[ b]pyrroles, highlighted by Bronsted acid catalyzed formal [2 + 2 + 1] annulation reaction, is reported. Using three readily accessible reaction components, i.e., an electrophilic species in silyloxyallyl cations and two distinct nucleophiles in silylenol ethers and amines, our chemistry enables the assembly and functionalization of these biologically important N-heterocycles in a highly modular manner.
Hydroxyurea: a radiation potentiator in carcinoma of the uterine cervix. A randomized double-blind study.

From June, 1972, to December, 1976, 40 patients with FIGO (International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics) Stage IIB carcinoma of the uterine cervix were entered into a prospective, double-blind, randomized study to evaluate the possible radiation-potentiating properties (i.e., improved survival) of the S-phase cell cycle-specific inhibitor of DNA synthesis, hydroxyurea. All patients were documented to be without aortic lymph node metastasis by pretherapy staging para-aortic lymphadenectomy. All 40 patients were followed up for longer than 5 years (5.2 to 9.2 years) or until death. The double-blind code was not broken until all patients had been followed up for a minimum of 2 to 5 years. Leukopenia (white blood cell count less than 2,500 mm3) was significantly increased in the patients given hydroxyurea as compared to those given placebo (P less than 0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference relative to anemia, thrombocytopenia, radiation-induced skin reaction, and radiation-induced intestinal reaction between the patients given placebo or those given hydroxyurea. Life-table survival for the patients given hydroxyurea was 94% as compared to 53% for the patients given placebo (P = 0.006). Only one (5%) patient given hydroxyurea died of cervical cancer. Of the other patients who died in the group given hydroxyurea, all were confirmed by postmortem examination to have been without recurrent cervical cancer. In contrast, 45% (nine) of the patients given placebo died of cervical cancer.
After Older Adult Maltreatment: Service Needs and Barriers

Little research is available specific to the service needs or related barriers of maltreated older adults. Further, no studies have asked at-risk older adults directly for their perspectives on service needs and barriers. As part of a larger study, a sample of 40 diverse older adults (M age = 76 years) were recruited from the population of older adults who were involved in an abuse, neglect, and/or financial exploitation case where the offender was in a position of trust to the victim. Responses to open-ended questions about participants' service needs and reasons for not seeking services were thematically coded. The majority of older adults expressed needing more help than currently received, with needs including transportation, housing, food, household assistance, and medical and mental health care. Participants also described reasons their service needs were not being met. The study elaborates on the specifics and descriptive statistics of the themes that emerged. Implications for older-adult victim services, as well as broader older-adult services, are discussed.
Individuals With Scleroderma May Have Increased Risk of Sleep-Disordered Breathing.

Study Objectives:Scleroderma is associated with abnormal skin thickening, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary hypertension, and abnormalities of the upper airway. These changes can cause cardiopul...
A Scheduling Algorithm Compatible with a Distributed Management of Arrivals in the National Airspace System

The current system used by the FAA to schedule arrivals is the Traffic Based Flow Manager (TBFM). It is a centralized system that gives an operator (airline) no influence over scheduled times of arrival assigned to its flights. Future systems for managing arrival scheduling are proposed as distributed systems. Such a system is called upon to give operators influence to schedule and negotiate resources for their flights, and to resolve other technical challenges, such as eliminating a single point of failure. A distributed system for managing diverse air traffic will need the capability of computing a schedule for the given arriving flights in a way that complies with the operational constraints. This paper contributes an algorithm that computes such a schedule. Although developed as part of an effort toward a distributed system, the algorithm itself is neither inherently distributed nor inherently centralized and can be used in either type of system.
Reciprocity and personality in diet-related spousal involvement among older couples managing diabetes: The role of gender:

Spouses are commonly involved in the dietary aspect of their partners’ diabetes management. Older spouses also may be managing their own condition, however, that requires changes to their diet. Giv...
The Association of Chronic Opioid Use with Resource Utilization and Outcomes after Emergency General Surgery.

Chronic opioid use is prevalent among patients undergoing emergent surgery. We sought to understand it on the outcomes of the most common emergency surgery procedures, Appendectomy and Cholecystect...
Wind-Propelled Ship Technology

In this chapter the drag estimation methods for displacement boats, the sailing modes, and the sail characteristics are briefly summarized, and attention is drawn to the potential of hydrofoil boats as efficient wind energy converters.
Drivers of fulfillment performance in mission critical logistics systems: An empirical analysis

Abstract Logistics systems that involve truncated timelines, where failure to meet such a timeline results in a substantial loss to business, have been coined ‘mission critical logistics’ systems, and their management is quite different from their ‘traditional’ counterparts. Yet, much of the research in this space has operated under the assumption that the methods, approaches, and tactics are equally applicable to both mission critical, and traditional logistics systems. Is this necessarily so? Most literature addresses functional issues such as inventory or process management but does not provide an understanding of the drivers of fulfillment performance in mission critical systems. This is a critical gap in the literature. Partnering with the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) and the United States Navy, we studied a mission critical logistics system in order to understand the drivers of these logistics systems and their performance. We utilize a unique dataset consisting of inventory fulfillment and ordering, as well as part criticality and location. Overall the results indicate that inventory management is a much more dynamic process in mission critical logistics systems, whereby flexibility is crucial, and designation of part categories and essentiality can be the determining factor for whether or not the mission fails.
The Role of Histone Protein Acetylation in Regulating Endothelial Function

Endothelial cell (EC), consisting of the innermost cellular layer of all types of vessels, is not only a barrier composer but also performing multiple functions in physiological processes. It actively controls the vascular tone and the extravasation of water, solutes, and macromolecules; modulates circulating immune cells as well as platelet and leukocyte recruitment/adhesion and activation. In addition, EC also tightly keeps coagulation/fibrinolysis balance and plays a major role in angiogenesis. Therefore, endothelial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases. Growing pieces of evidence suggest that histone protein acetylation, an epigenetic mark, is altered in ECs under different conditions, and the acetylation status change at different lysine sites on histone protein plays a key role in endothelial dysfunction and involved in hyperglycemia, hypertension, inflammatory disease, cancer and so on. In this review, we highlight the importance of histone acetylation in regulating endothelial functions and discuss the roles of histone acetylation across the transcriptional unit of protein-coding genes in ECs under different disease-related pathophysiological processes. Since histone acetylation changes are conserved and reversible, the knowledge of histone acetylation in endothelial function regulation could provide insights to develop epigenetic interventions in preventing or treating endothelial dysfunction-related diseases.
Quantitative modeling and experimental verification of Förster resonant energy transfer in upconversion nanoparticle biosensors

Rare-earth-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have often been used in combination with fluorescent dyes for sensing applications. In these systems, sensing can be achieved through the modulation of Forster resonant energy transfer (FRET) between the dye and the UCNP. The effects of FRET in such cases are complex, as the extent to which FRET is experienced by the rare-earth ions is dependent on their position within the nanoparticle. Here, we develop an analytical model to accurately describe the effects of FRET for such a system. As a proof of principle, we verify our model by considering the case of a pH sensor comprised of fluorescein isothiocyanate and Tm 3 +-doped UCNPs. We extend our model to the case of core–shell UCNPs and discuss the design of an optimal FRET-based biosensor using UCNPs.
Crisis and recovery: Role of the exchange rate regime in emerging market economies

Abstract Following the recent global financial crisis, questions about the mechanisms that can help countries cope with large shocks have resurfaced. This paper examines the role of the exchange rate regime in explaining how emerging market economies fared in the recent global financial crisis, particularly in terms of output losses and output rebound. After controlling for regime switches during the crisis, using alternative definitions for pegs, and taking account of other likely determinants, we find that the growth performance for pegs was not different from that of floats during the crisis. The picture is different for the recovery period 2010–2011, as pegs appear to be faring worse, with growth recovering more slowly than floats. These results suggest an asymmetric effect of the regime during and recovering from the crisis. We also find that proxies of the trade and financial channels are important determinants of growth performance during the crisis, while only the trade channel appears important for the recovery thus far.
Electrically Controlled Graphene Nano-Ribbon Plasmonic Conveyor Belt Network

We present a graphene nano-ribbon based plasmonic conveyor belt network for simultaneous and independent trapping and transportation of multiple nano-objects, which are entirely achieved by electrostatically varying the carrier density distribution in the graphene structures.