cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phenomenological consulting: a viable alternative for sport psychology practitioners.

ABSTRACTIn this article we present a consulting framework grounded in existential phenomenology that provides sport psychology consultants a vehicle for gaining an in-depth understanding of athletes' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. This framework, which we are calling “phenomenological consulting,” encourages sport psychology consultants to resist a priori assumptions about athletes' experiences and to view them more as co-consultants than as clients. Phenomenological consulting emphasizes the value of athletes' voices during the consulting process and encourages them to develop self-awareness, control, and ownership of mental training.
Management of amputation injuries of the male genitalia.

SUMMARY Modern tissue transfer techniques have drastically modified our approach to reconstructive surgery in general. Certainly, the management of traumatic genital amputation is no exception. Although the unique vascular properties of the penis have allowed for astonishingly good results in a number of cases of genital amputation injuries, it is certain that microreplantation procedures make for uniformly good results with a minimum of postoperative complications. After microreplantation, the patient is left with a penis that is cosmetically normal and functionally nearly normal or undetectably abnormal. Although microreplantation offers the best results, certainly in the case of penile amputation, if microreplantation technology is not available, the older corporal reattachment techniques should be offered.
The Scala Collections Framework

As indicated in Chapter 1, high level programming languages are close to natural languages whenever possible. The Scala collections represent higher level natural language constructs. In some cases, these constructs might represent some mathematical structures for preciseness.
Comments on ‘the Kalker book of tables for non-Hertzian contact of wheel and rail’

The ‘simple double-elliptical contact’ (SDEC) approach by Piotrowski et al. [The Kalker book of tables for non-Hertzian contact of wheel and rail. Vehicle Syst Dyn. 2017;55:875–901] generates a-symmetrical contact patches in an elegant way. This allows to extend the table-based approach for the wheel–rail creep force calculation towards non-Hertzian contact geometry. This is an important line of research, because FASTSIM is intricate for non-Hertzian contacts, whereas CONTACT requires long calculation times.Here, we comment on the further motivation that's provided for the approach. According to the authors, ‘the spin creepage generates longitudinal creep force in non-symmetric, non-elliptical contacts’, which is ‘completely lost’ when using elliptical regularisation. We demonstrate that this mainly depends on the choice of contact origin, and that the interaction is much reduced if different choices are made. This suggests that elliptical regularisation may be viable still, if the details are pro...
Coercive Control in Intimate Partner Violence: Relationship with Women's Experience of Violence, Use of Violence, and Danger.

Objective The objective of this study was to better understand the experience of coercive control as a type of IPV by examining associations between coercive control and women's experiences of particular forms of violence, use of violence, and risk of future violence. Method As part of a larger research study, data were collected from 553 women patients at two hospital emergency departments who had experienced recent IPV and unhealthy drinking. Baseline assessments, including measures of coercive control, danger, and experience and use of psychological, physical, and sexual forms of IPV in the prior three months were analyzed. Results Women experiencing coercive control reported higher frequency of each form of IPV, and higher levels of danger, compared to women IPV survivors who were not experiencing coercive control. There was no statistically significant association between experience of coercive control and women's use of psychological or sexual IPV; women who experienced coercive control were more likely to report using physical IPV than women who were not experiencing coercive control. Conclusions Findings contribute to knowledge on the relationship between coercive control and specific forms of violence against intimate partners. A primary contribution is the identification that women who experience coercive control may also use violence, indicating that a woman's use of violence does not necessarily mean that she is not also experiencing severe and dangerous violence as well as coercive control. In fact, experience of coercive control may increase victims' use of physical violence as a survival strategy.
Self-Organized Sub-bank SHE-MRAM-based LLC: An energy-efficient and variation-immune read and write architecture

Abstract In order to reduce static energy consumption, emerging Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) technologies such as Spin Transfer Torque Magnetic RAM (STT-MRAM), Spin-Hall Effect Magnetic RAM (SHE-MRAM), Phase Change Memory (PCM), and Resistive RAM (RRAM) are under intense research. Additionally, there is a demand for more reliable circuits as the technology scales due to increased error rates caused by the increased impact of Process Variation (PV). In order to combat PV-induced reliability problems, a novel approach is proposed herein that improves the reliability of read and write operations in emerging NVMs. In the proposed design, which is called the Self-Organized Sub-bank (SOS) approach, two Sense Amplifiers (SAs) have been adopted, one with improved reliability and one with improved energy efficiency profiles, in order to increase the performance of the read operation. In particular, based on the result of a Power-On Self-Test (POST), which detects PV-impact on sub-banks, SOS chooses between a reliable and an energy-efficient SA and assigns a preferred SA to each sub-bank. Furthermore, in order to increase the performance of the write operation, SHE-MRAM is replaced with STT-MRAM to provide better write energy profile. Additionally, SOS design is once implemented with a reliable write scheme and once with an energy-efficient write scheme and results are compared and analyzed. Based on the preliminary observation in our case study, 21.5% of read operations are extremely vulnerable to PV impacts. Our results indicate that the proposed SOS approach reduces the vulnerability of the read operation by 40% on average, hence reducing the fault propagation. In particular, the SOS alleviates Vulnerable False Data Sensing (VFDS) by 82% on average, while enhancing True Data Sensing (TDS) from 72.5% to 95% across all workloads studied herein compared to LLC with conventional STT-MRAM. Additionally, SOS using the reliable write circuit provides 161% improved Energy Delay Product (EDP) on average compared to SOS with conventional STT-MRAM, while providing less than 8% write current variation. On the other hand, SOS using energy-efficient write circuit offers 39% improved EDP on average compared to the SOS using reliable write circuit and 62% EDP improvement over conventional STT-MRAM.
Integrated system design for vertical takeoff-landing of small unmanned aerial vehicles

Due to the advancements in autonomous units, more small unmanned aerial vehicles (sUAV's) are being utilized to accomplish commercial missions. Fixed wing, vertical takeoff-landing (FW-VTOL) sUAV's have been developed to provide similar flight performance characteristics in comparison to fixed wing or multi-copter sUAV's. The hybrid fixed-wing aircrafts offer significant usability and safety advantages over its rival systems. These aircrafts can be deployed in a slow and controlled manner off a vessel or in a small remote location. This is an alternative method that can be used instead of launching the aircraft using conventional high-speed long runways, nets or catapults. Unlike private aircrafts these small vehicles are not as strictly regulated, whether it is the certification of design or the pilot's flight hours and endorsements. A formalized safety system for FW-VTOL sUAV's must be integrated with all autonomous units in order to adhere to similar aircraft safety requirements. The proposed Integrated Flight Safety Plan (IFSP) has been modeled in a finite-state machine to consider all possible events of the unit during flight. These system conditions and criteria allow for the unit to react to internal failures and external changes, autonomously, and acutely control the outcome with bystander safety as a primary consideration. The formal verification and checking of the IFSP model can be tested using an abstract simulation. A predetermined mission replicate is repeatedly tested, based on approximate probabilistic events, to assess the effectiveness of the model adapting during flights that contain one or more system failures.
Disentangling the Impact of Female Victimization Across Racial and Ethnic Lines

Men and women experience violent victimization at comparable rates. Yet, women are more likely to experience intimate partner violence, sexual violence, and stalking, as well as witness the victimi...
Data mining for discovery of endophytic and epiphytic fungal diversity in short-read genomic data from deciduous trees

Abstract High-throughput sequencing of DNA barcodes, such as the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the 16s rRNA sequence, has expanded the ability of researchers to investigate the endophytic fungal communities of living plants. With a large and growing database of complete fungal genomes, it may be possible to utilize portions of fungal symbiont genomes outside conventional marker sequences for community analysis of short-read data. We designed a bioinformatics pipeline to identify putative fungal coding sequences from 100 bp Illumina reads of DNA extracted from several angiosperm species (Castanea, Juglans, and Ulmus). Reads remaining after a two-step filtering process made up a small fraction of total reads (2–100 putative fungal reads per 10,000 plant reads) and were assigned to fungal genera and orders based on similarity to proteins from complete fungal genomes. Some of the taxa identified are known to be ubiquitous class 2 endophytes. We detected some differences in endophyte community composition based on ITS sequence data versus results from the short-read pipeline, particularly among Ulmus. ITS results in Juglans and Castanea, however, closely reflected results from the short-read pipeline, and both methods portrayed similar intergeneric differences in endophyte community composition.
Approximating Implicitly Defined Manifolds

Up to now we have been discussing ways of numerically tracing a curve ℌ ⊂ H−1(0) where H : RN+1 → R N . We have outlined both the predictor-corrector methods which rest rather strongly upon smoothness properties of H and the piecewise-linear methods which require less smoothness, but then on the other hand are generally less flexible as far as allowing general step-lengths is concerned. The latter methods are also no longer viable for large N. The behavior of the two methods was also seen to be considerably different in the presence of singular points on the curve.
Arterial Pulse Transmission Characteristics

Structural and geometric nonuniformities of the arterial tree give rise to differences in observed pressure and flow waveforms in different anatomic locations in the arterial system. Simultaneous recordings of pressure and flow waveforms in different parts of the vascular tree in human and dog have made clear some distinct features as the pulse wave travels away from the heart. First, the pulse pressure (PP) increases and the flow amplitude decreases progressively, though the mean pressure falls very slowly until reaching the arteriolar beds. The fall of mean blood pressure in the arteriolar beds is dramatic. Second, the rate of rise of the pressure wave in early systole increases and the wavefront becomes steeper; that of the flow wave behaves in just the opposite manner. Third, the incisura, or dicrotic notch, casued by pressure fluctuation as a result of an aortic valve closure, is rounded off as the pressure wave propagates toward the periphery, and the diastolic portion of the pressure wave is accentuated. These observations are illustrated in Fig. 4-1. These changes and their explanations are significant in understanding the functional aspects of the arterial system. Consequently, there is considerable diagnostic information that can be derived from the pressure and flow waveforms.
Combining Learning and Counseling into One After-School Program

Even when a child grows up in a two-parent family with a seemingly stable home life, a traditional family structure does not guarantee that a child will receive the necessary support and nurturing. Unfortunately, many children are suffering, and some of them will ?nd their way to your after-school program. An after-school program that only stresses improved academic skills is not enough. The group-centered approach combines both learning and counseling.
Thermal Control of Ceramic Breeder Blankets

AbstractThermal control is an important issue for ceramic breeder blankets since the breeder needs to operate within its temperature window for the tritium release and inventory to be acceptable. A thermal control region is applicable not only to situations where the coolant can be run at low temperature, such as for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) base blanket, but also to ITER test module and power reactor situations, where it would allow for ceramic breeder operation over a wide range of power densities in space and time. Four thermal control mechanisms applicable to ceramic breeder blanket designs are described: a helium gap, a beryllium sintered block region, a beryllium sintered block region with a metallic felt at the beryllium-cladding interface, and a beryllium packed-bed region. Key advantages and issues associated with each of these mechanisms are discussed. Experimental and modeling studies focusing on beryllium packed-bed thermal conductivity and wall conductance, ...
Homicide Trends in America: 1850-1950

Modern mass communication plays a large role in solving today’s most violent crimes. Televised news stories, newspaper articles and law enforcement databases all aid in spreading information about crime, and today’s police departments across the country are more able to work together. In the 1800s, however, technologies that we take for granted today had not yet been discovered or widely used in solving crime. Innovations like fingerprinting, ballistics, hair and fiber analysis, and blood evidence had not yet been developed, and crimes were solved quickly or not at all. As America became more urbanized, crime rose steadily, with only a few noteworthy increases or decreases in the national homicide rate. In response to the rise in violent crime, the U.S. spent more money on law enforcement in the 1840s than almost any other country in the world. Despite this increase in funding, these systems were unable to curb the steady rise in violence that continued until the late 1930s. I will examine many of the trends in homicide and attempt to assess popular theories on the changes in homicide rates.
Family Functioning in Pediatric Primary Care Patients

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to pilot a brief measure of family functioning (Family Assessment Device–General Functioning [FAD_GF]) with caregivers of children aged 2 to 18 years, se...
Association of Neighborhood Geographic Spatial Factors With Rates of Childhood Obesity.

Importance Childhood obesity is a principal public health concern. Understanding the geographic distribution of childhood obesity can inform the design and delivery of interventions. Objective To better understand the causes of spatial dependence in rates of childhood obesity across neighborhoods. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used data from a legislatively mandated body mass index screening program for public school children in Arkansas from the 2003-2004 through 2014-2015 academic years. Spatial autoregressive moving average (SARMA) models for panel data were used to estimate spatial dependency in childhood obesity at 2 levels of spatial aggregation. Data were analyzed from August 2017 to February 2018. Exposures The SARMA models included geographic fixed effects to capture time-invariant differences in neighborhood characteristics along with controls for the mean age of children and the proportion of children by race/ethnicity, school meal status, and sex. Main Outcomes and Measures The proportion of obese schoolchildren in Arkansas neighborhoods by year, defined at larger (census tract) and smaller (census block group) spatial scales. Results The geographic aggregations were based on 935 800 children with a mean (SD) age of 132 (39) months. Of these children, 51% were male; 65% were white, 21% were black, 10% were Hispanic, 2% were Asian, and the remainder were of other or unidentified race/ethnicity. In models without geographic fixed effects, there was evidence of positive and significant spatial autocorrelation in obesity rates across tracts (ρ = 0.511; 95% CI, 0.469-0.553) and block groups (ρ = 0.569; 95% CI, 0.543-0.595). When geographic fixed effects were included, spatial autocorrelation diminished at the census tract level (ρ = 0.271; 95% CI, 0.147-0.396) and disappeared at the census block group level (ρ = −0.075; 95% CI, −0.264 to 0.114). Conclusions and Relevance Because block groups are smaller than tracts, children in neighboring block groups were more likely to attend the same schools and interact through neighborhood play. Thus, geographic-based social networks were more likely to span block group boundaries. The lack of evidence of spatial autocorrelation in block group–level models suggests that social contagion may be less important than differences in neighborhood context across space. Caution should be used in interpreting significant spatial autocorrelation as evidence of social contagion in obesity.
Providing mental health care in the context of online mental health notes: advice from patients and mental health clinicians.

Background: The OpenNotes initiative provides patients online access to their clinical notes. Mental health clinicians in the Veterans Health Administration report a need for guidance on how to pro...
Plantinga Redux: Is the Scientific Realist Committed to the Rejection of Naturalism?

While Plantinga has famously argued that acceptance of neo-Darwinian theory commits one to the rejection of naturalism, Plantinga’s argument is vulnerable to an objection developed by Evan Fales. Not only does Fales’ objection undermine Plantinga’s original argument, it establishes a general challenge which any attempt to revitalize Plantinga’s argument must overcome. After briefly laying out the contours of this challenge, we attempt to meet it by arguing that because a purely naturalistic account of our etiology cannot explain the correlation between our preference for simplicity and simplicity’s ability to serve as a veridical method of theory selection, the scientific realist is committed to the rejection of naturalism.
Mystery Case: A 23-year-old man with headaches, confusion, and lower extremity weakness

A 23-year-old man was found at a train station with convulsions. He was treated with benzodiazepines in the field and transferred to the nearest emergency department, where he was intubated. This episode had been preceded by a 2-week history of headaches, nausea, confusion, and staring spells that precluded the patient from going to work. His mother also noted that his eye started to appear “droopy” several days prior to presentation. She stated that he had no recent travel, sick contacts, or tick or insect bites. He was recently prescribed and had been taking acetaminophen/butalbital/caffeine for symptomatic relief of his headaches but was not taking any other medications. He was admitted to an outside hospital and subsequently transferred to our facility.
Autonomous Human Activity Classification from Ego-vision Camera and Accelerometer Data.

There has been significant amount of research work on human activity classification relying either on Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) data or data from static cameras providing a third-person view. Using only IMU data limits the variety and complexity of the activities that can be detected. For instance, the sitting activity can be detected by IMU data, but it cannot be determined whether the subject has sat on a chair or a sofa, or where the subject is. To perform fine-grained activity classification from egocentric videos, and to distinguish between activities that cannot be differentiated by only IMU data, we present an autonomous and robust method using data from both ego-vision cameras and IMUs. In contrast to convolutional neural network-based approaches, we propose to employ capsule networks to obtain features from egocentric video data. Moreover, Convolutional Long Short Term Memory framework is employed both on egocentric videos and IMU data to capture temporal aspect of actions. We also propose a genetic algorithm-based approach to autonomously and systematically set various network parameters, rather than using manual settings. Experiments have been performed to perform 9- and 26-label activity classification, and the proposed method, using autonomously set network parameters, has provided very promising results, achieving overall accuracies of 86.6\% and 77.2\%, respectively. The proposed approach combining both modalities also provides increased accuracy compared to using only egovision data and only IMU data.
Spatiotemporal Illusions Involving Perceived Motion

Spatiotemporal illusions involve systematic biases in perceived timing or duration, as well as systematic biases in perceived spatial location. Several spatiotemporal illusions involving judgment of the location of a perceived moving target or other stimulus at the end of target presentation (representational momentum, representational gravity, representational friction, representational centripetal force, looming effect), during target presentation (flash-lag effect, kappa effect, tau effect), or at the beginning of target presentation (Frohlich effect, onset repulsion effect, tandem effect, illusory line motion) are considered. Some similarities and differences of various spatiotemporal illusions are briefly noted, and it is suggested that experience of spatiotemporal illusions demonstrates that temporal information is necessary for and intrinsic to mental representation and is reflected in dynamic properties of mental representation.
Evaluation of Why Individuals with ADHD Struggle to Find Effective Digital Time Management Tools

After a long history of being viewed as a children's disorder, it is now recognized that Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can affect adults as well. Individuals with ADHD often exhibit work habits significantly different from neurotypical individuals. This paper investigates the use of time management tools among adults with ADHD with the goal of determining where there may be room for improvement in current digital tools so that they may better assist our target demographic. We present findings from a survey of adults with and without ADHD. Our findings indicate dissatisfaction among ADHD adults with the tools currently available to them and highlight key areas for potential development.
Trinity University’s Summer Bridge Program: Navigating the Changing Demographics in Higher Education

Recognizing the changing demographics of students applying to college coupled with Trinity University’s responsibility to help our students succeed, we have created a Summer Bridge program that foc...
Numerical simulation of 3D sloshing flow in partially filled LNG tank using a coupled level-set and volume-of-fluid method

The motion induced 3D sloshing flow in partially filled LNG tank was investigated using a new coupled Level-Set and Volume-of-Fluid (CLSVOF) method incorporated into Finite-Analytic Navier–Stokes (FANS) method. In addition to accurately simulating the sloshing pattern inside LNG tank, impact pressures acting upon tank wall were also predicted by the CLSVOF method. Furthermore, the predicted impact pressures were compared with the corresponding experimental data and another numerical data by the pure level set method with global mass conservation scheme. The comparisons showed the CLSVOF method is capable of predicting the accurate sloshing induced impact and capturing the violent sloshing flow including wave breaking, jet formation, gas entrapping and liquid-gas interactions. The CLSVOF method also demonstrated the prominent feature in local and stable mass conservation.
Social workers as members of burn care teams: A qualitative thematic analysis

Abstract Background Social workers on interprofessional teams contribute to treating the psychosocial sequelae of burn trauma patients in cooperation with many other burn-treatment team members. However, the roles and skills exercised by social workers can vary between burn units as well as the skills social work students are taught in their academic programs. Methods A purposive sample of 13 burn unit social workers were interviewed online using semi-structured questions. This qualitative thematic analysis of data was conducted to identify how social workers perceive their roles, responsibilities, and knowledge as they relate to their work with patients and their families in a burn unit. Results Skills, challenges and barriers to rehabilitation, and resources were identified during thematic analysis within and across participant data as factors social workers found to be important for their work in burn units. Conclusion By expanding the body of knowledge about factors that impact social work care for burn patients, Social work academic programs may better understand how to prepare medical social work students for best practices in the care of burn-injured patients, survivors, and families at inpatient and community levels.
Reclaiming Our Time: A 21st Century Response to Banks’ 'Afro-American Scholars in the University' (Presentation Slides)

Revisiting 1984 William Banks, UC Berkeley Landmark article “Afro-American Scholars in the University: Roles and Conflicts,” American Behavioral Scientist, 27(3), 325-338. • Uses and misuses of Black scholars • Constituencies in conflict Range of responses from Black scholars • Standards and realities for Black scholars • Stigma of affirmative action • Burden of symbolism Tradition of Black urban education scholars examining these tensions (Butner, Burley, & Marbley, 2000; Johnson, 2001; Madyun, Williams, McGee, & Milner, 2013; Tillman, 2001)
Experience Report: Designing Massive Open Online Computer Science Courses for Inclusion

Although Massive Open Online Courses have the potential to reach a much broader audience and offer a lower cost education than traditional in-person classes, they have struggled with low completion rates and low diversity amongst those enrolled and completing the courses. In 2015, we built a series of online courses in computing with the specific goal of attracting and retaining students from groups underrepresented in computing. In our design, we incorporated a number of features aimed at improving the inclusive nature of the courses including: a project-centered course design; an online version of Peer Instruction ConceptTests; videos where students, faculty, and professionals report their struggles when they first learned computing concepts; videos by professional software engineers explaining how computing concepts from the course are used in industry; and videos aimed at providing additional support on the project to students who might be struggling. In this work, we report on the design of the courses and examine how successful our courses were at attracting and retaining women students. We find that compared to other computing courses offered by our institution on the same platform, our courses have: a higher percentage of women enrollment, higher rates of course completion for both men and women, and a slightly smaller gap between completion rates for men and women.
The utility of ICG fluorescence for sentinel lymph node identification in head and neck melanoma.

Abstract Purpose Perform an evidence-based review to determine the utility of indocyanine green fluorescence (ICG) to detect sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in patients with head and neck melanoma compared to blue dye or radiocolloid injection (RI). Materials and methods A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify patients with head and neck melanoma managed with ICG fluorescence. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Included studies were assessed for level of evidence. Patient demographics and data on SLN identification were determined. Results Twenty-two studies encompassing 399 patients (75% male, 25% female, average age 57.1 years) met inclusion criteria. Publications comprised of two case reports, four retrospective case series, twelve cohort studies, and four clinical trials. Most common site of melanoma was scalp/temple/forehead (35%), cheek/midface (22%), and ear (17%) with an average Breslow thickness of 3.32 mm. SLN was identified in 80.7% (n = 201/249) of patients using ICG-RI, 85.2% (n = 75/88) using RI alone, and 63.4% (n = 52/82) using blue dye-RI. Conclusions ICG-99mTc-nanocolloid hybrid tracer may be a superior alternative to blue dye + adiocolloid and has theoretical advantages compared to RI alone. Additional prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to further compare these methods and obtain data on false negative rates, operating room time, and cost effectiveness to fully elucidate the utility of ICG-99mTc-nanocolloid over current methods used for SLN identification in this patient population.
The information content of the deferred tax valuation allowance for venture capital backed IPO firms.

Author(s): Allen, Eric James | Advisor(s): Dechow, Patricia; Sloan, RIchard G. | Abstract: In this dissertation I examine the deferred tax disclosures of a unique sample of venture capital backed firms that conducted their initial public offering (IPO) between 1996 and 2008, and generated a net operating loss (NOL) carry-forward. I find that 83% of the sample firms record an allowance fully valuing-out the carry-forward's associated deferred tax asset. This full allowance is, on average, 72% of total assets - a fact which provides strong evidence (at least in terms of this accrual) that these firms are not upwardly managing their earnings prior to IPO. I show that the size of a firm's NOL, and proxies for its expectation of future taxable income have significant predictive power for the magnitude of the valuation allowance. I also show that the allowance sends a strong negative signal about a firm's future book income. Both of these results support the contention that, though conservative, the valuation allowance does provide information about an IPO firm's economic fundamentals. Finally, I introduce a new explanation for the presence of the allowance: the ownership change limitation. This limitation can cause a firm to record an allowance independent of its expectations about future earnings. I provide evidence that firms take this limitation into account when recording the valuation allowance, and that controlling for it can enhance the allowance's signal regarding future income.
Specifying and verifying programs in spec

Spec# is research programming system that aims to provide programmers with a higher degree of rigor than in common languages today. The Spec# language extends the object-oriented .NET language C#, adding features like non-null types, pre- and postconditions, and object invariants. The language has been designed to support an incremental path to using more specifications. Some of the new features of Spec# are checked by a static type checker, some give rise to compiler-emitted run-time checks, and all can be subjected to the Spec# static program verifier. The program verifier generates verification conditions from Spec# programs and then uses an automatic theorem prover to analyze these.
CCD Mosaic Development for Large Optical Telescopes

We outline the recent developments in CCD imager technology aimed at producing the very large format (8192 x 8192 pixels and larger) detector mosaics required for existing 4-m class and new 8 to 10-m class telescopes. The key technology areas include buttable array design and buttable element packaging, and optimization schemes for QE and readout time. As an example, we highlight the University of Hawaii effort to develop an 8192 x 8192 15 Am pixel CCD mosaic.
The Separation of Rat Liver Serine Dehydratase and Cystathionine Synthase

Abstract A compound derived from pyruvic acid and homocysteine has been isolated from reaction mixtures containing serine-14C, homocysteine, and serine dehydratase preparations. The formation of this product interferes with commonly used assays of serine dehydratase, which are based on the serine, pyruvic acid, or homocysteine content of incubation mixtures. Improved assay procedures have permitted the isolation of two protein fractions from rat liver by means of chromatography on hydroxylapatite. One fraction catalyzed the deamination of serine and threonine, but had no cystathionine synthase. The other catalyzed cystathionine synthesis, but had little or no deaminating activity.
[22] Detecting and overcoming crystal twinning

Twinning is fairly common in protein crystals. In its merohedral from, twinning is not apparent in the diffraction pattern, but the observed intensities do not represent individual crystallographic intensities. Since partial twinning (twin fraction less than 1/2) and perfect twinning (twin fraction of 1/2) can both be identified relatively easily by examining intensity statistics, the appropriate tests should be performed routinely when working in space groups that support merohedral twinning.
First Price Auctions, Lotteries, And Risk Preferences Across Institutions

There is an unsettled debate in experimental economics literature regarding the consistency of individuals' risk preferences in varying institutions. Much of this debate stems from observations of subjects' bids in sealed-bid auctions and the implications of those bids. In this paper, I have subjects participate in a sealed-bid auction experiment and then examine if the ostensible risk parameter that one can back out from subjects' bids matches up with their elicited risk preference from a separate task in the experiment. I find that subjects do exhibit consistent risk preferences. The aggregate measure of the subjects' risk parameter is stable across both tasks, the estimated numeric values of subjects' risk parameters are stable across tasks, and the ranking of subjects (most risk averse to least risk averse) is stable across both tasks.
Physician Non-adherence to Colonoscopy Interval Guidelines in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System.

Background & Aims Colonoscopy can decrease colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality, although performing this procedure more frequently than recommended could increase costs and risks to patients. We aimed to determine rates and correlates of physician non-adherence to guidelines for repeat colonoscopy screening and polyp surveillance intervals. Methods We performed a multi-center, retrospective, observational study using administrative claims, physician databases, and electronic medical records (EMR) from 1455 patients (50–64 y old) who underwent colonoscopy in the Veterans Affairs healthcare system in fiscal year 2008. Patients had no prior diagnosis of CRC or inflammatory bowel disease, and had not undergone colonoscopy examinations in the previous 10 years. We compared EMR-documented, endoscopist-recommended intervals for colonoscopies with intervals recommended by the 2008 Multi-Society Task Force guidelines. Results The overall rate of non-adherence to guideline recommendations was 36% and ranged from 3% to 80% among facilities. Non-adherence was 28% for patients who underwent normal colonoscopies, but 45%−52% after colonoscopies that identified hyperplastic or adenomatous polyps. Most of all recommendations that were not followed recommended a shorter surveillance interval. In adjusted analyses, non-adherence was significantly higher for patients whose colonoscopies identified hyperplastic (odds ratio [OR] = 3.1; 95% CI, 1.7–5.5) or high-risk adenomatous polyps (OR = 3.0; 95% CI, 1.2−8.0), compared to patients with normal colonoscopy examinations, but not for patients with low-risk adenomatous polyps (OR = 1.8; 95% CI, 0.9–3.7). Nonadherence was also associated with bowel preparation quality, geographic region, Charlson comorbidity score, and colonoscopy indication. Conclusions In a managed care setting with salaried physicians, endoscopists recommend repeat colonoscopy sooner than guidelines for more than one third of patients. Factors associated with non-adherence to guideline recommendations were colonoscopy findings, quality of bowel preparation, and geographic region. Targeting endoscopist about non-adherence to colonoscopy guidelines could reduce overuse of colonoscopy and associated healthcare costs.
Reducing Inequities by Linking Basic Research and Political Action.

In this comment, on Terri McCarty's Presidential Address, I focus on her dynamic approach to investigation that contributes to a vibrant and constructively critical exploration of the place of basic research, critical policy analysis, and activism in the anthropology of education and the social sciences more broadly. [basic research, critical inquiry, social activism, language policy]
Tracer studies to locate the site of platinum ions within filamentous and inhibited cells of Escherichia coli.

The distribution of platinum ions within Escherichia coli after the induction of filaments with cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl4, and after growth inhibition by PtCl62−, has been determined with radioactive metal compounds (191Pt, with a half-life of approximately 3 days) by the simple chemical procedure of Roberts et al. In the filamentous cells, the platinum metal is associated with metabolic intermediates, nucleic acids, and cytoplasmic proteins; whereas, in inhibited cells, the platinum is combined only with the cytoplasmic protein. Similar experiments with gram-positive cells of Bacillus cereus and Staphyloccus aureus, which show no filamentous growth in the presence of cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl4, reveal that the metal complex does penetrate the cell wall and subsequently becomes bound predominantly by metabolic intermediates.
The impacts of climate change on regional water resources and agriculture in Africa

This paper summarizes the methods and findings of the hydrological assessment component of the project studying likely impacts of climate change on water resources and agriculture in Africa. The first phase of the study used a version of a conceptual rainfall-runoff model called WatBal (Water Balance) applied to gridded data to simulate changes in soil moisture and runoff across the whole continent of Africa rather than to any particular catchment or water resource system. The model inputs were the climate variables of the 1961-90 climatology and physiological parameters (such as soil properties and land use) derived from global datasets for each of the 0.5 degree latitude/longitude cells across the continent. The primary model output comprised a time series (monthly time step) of simulated runoff for all the grid cells for each of the districts in the countries of interest. The second phase of the study extended the hydrology analyses to update the above hydroclimatic series to the year 2000 using updated input data. To ascertain the possible impacts of climate change within the districts being investigated this study used synthetic or GCM-based climate change scenarios as input to the WatBal model. The WatBal model was used to determine the impact of these different scenarios on runoff and actual evaporation and hence flow in the districts under study. The generated hydroclimatic series and scenario analyses were used as inputs into various Ricardian regressions in other analyses measuring likely impacts of climate change on the agricultural economies of Africa.
Robot‐assisted radical cystectomy

Robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) has rapidly penetrated the field of urology since its inception in 2003. Several observational studies, retrospective reports, and three randomized controlled trials (RCT) have preliminarily demonstrated the safety and efficacy of (RARC). Additionally, results from the RAZOR RCT will be available in 2016-2017 to better substantiate the use of (RARC).
Latency and amplitude changes in the acoustic startle reflex of the rat produced by variation in auditory prestimulation.

Two experiments investigated the effect of an auditory prestimulus (S1) on the amplitude and latency of the startle reflex to an intense tone burst (S2). In the first, with a fixed S1 intensity, with very short (<15 msec) ISIs reflex amplitudes were increased and latencies reduced by S1 presence and with longer intervals (⩾40 msec) amplitudes were reduced and latencies increased. Inhibition was apparent on the amplitude measure at lag times ineffective in altering the latency measure. In the second, with a fixed and long S1 duration reflex amplitudes increased with an increase in S1 intensity up to moderate (≈75 db) levels, but further increases in S1 produced a reduction in amplitudes. However any increase in S1 intensity over the minimum value tested (60 db) resulted in an increment in reflex latency. These experiments reveal the presence of three separable influences of auditory prestimuli on the acoustic startle reflex in the rat.
Cooperation and Conflict in a Federal-Municipal Watershed: A Case Study of Portland, Oregon

A windstorm in the Columbia River Gorge in 1983 downed 5,770 acres of timber in the Bull Run watershed (Figure 1). Salvaging this timber reignited the conflict among the city of Portland, environmentalists, the U.S. Forest Service, and the timber industry regarding Bull Run management. Since the selection of Bull Run in the 1880s as Portland, Oregon's municipal water supply, there has been controversy over its management. Water quality concerns led to the 1904 Bull Run Trespass Act (P.L. 206), which forbade any entry into the watershed except to protect the water supply. The U.S. Forest Service initiated large-scale timber harvesting in the 1950s in Bull Run, declaring that by removing old growth timber they were decreasing the possibility of disastrous fires. Environmental groups sued, claiming the Forest Service was violating the Trespass Act. The Portland Federal District Court agreed and closed the watershed to logging.
AKT as locus of cancer angiogenic robustness and fragility

Angiogenesis get full robustness in metastatic cancer, relapsed leukemia or lymphoma when complex positive feedback loop signaling systems become integrative. A cancer hypoxic microenvironment generates positive loops inducing formation of the vascular functional shunts. AKT is an upstream angiogenic locus of integrative robustness and fragility activated by the positive loops. AKT controls two downstream nodes the mTOR and NOS in nodal organization of the signaling genes. AKT phosphorylation is regulated by a balance of an oxidant/antioxidant. Targeting AKT locus represents new principle to control integrative angiogenic robustness by the locus chemotherapy. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 21–24, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of the Sénarmont Compensator for Measuring Double Refraction of Flow

When the Senarmont compensator is used for measuring birefringence in double refraction of flow instruments, the cross of isocline is seen to undergo a scissors-like collapsing motion as the analyzer is rotated. The position and intensity of the collapsing cross have been calculated, and are in agreement with experimental observations. From this analysis, we can directly demonstrate the end-point sensitivity of the compensator.
Rice biofortification: lessons for global science and development

Don't be fooled by the title. This book is of greater importance and broader relevance than its unfortunately narrow title would lead readers to believe. Sally Brooks, an experienced international ...
Why did so many savings and loans go bankrupt

Abstract Non-parametric class probability trees are used to determine the characteristics of bankrupt S&Ls. The probability of failure varies systematically with the investment strategy of S&Ls. This systematic variation suggests that the primary cause of the S&L crisis may be due to investment strategies encouraged by the regulatory structure of the industry.
Reconciling verbal and nonverbal models of dyadic communication

This paper examines two distinct theoretical descriptions of dyadic communication, the distance-equilibrium and reciprocity formulations, and shows that they carry divergent implications for changes that can occur in interpersonal relations. A review of relevant studies reveals ample support of each model. Reciprocity effects, first identified in disclosure research, also obtain for nonverbal aspects of interaction. Similarly, compensation effects initially discovered for nonverbal research also apply to disclosure. Several suggestions are considered toward reconciling these theories by delimiting their spheres of applicability. These include (a) the mediating role of attraction, (b) the tempo and perception of control over distance change, and (c) initial differences in the level of verbal and nonverbal variables.
Primitive polynomials of degree 301 through 500

This letter is an extension of the table of minimal weight primitive polynomials found in [1].
Substance abuse and schizophrenia: impediments to optimal care.

ABSTRACTWith lifetime prevalence estimates of substance abuse among schizophrenics as high as 47.01 %, there is an increasing awareness of the importance of this dual diagnosis and the global deficiencies in our knowledge about this comorbid condition. Patients with substance abuse disorders and schizophrenia are problematic from a clinical, economic, and health care systems perspective. The lack of systematic research into phenomenology, etiology, and treatment approaches (both psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacologic) has hindered the development of an adequate strategy to care for the needs of these patients. Thus, these patients place a significant burden on the mental health delivery system through chronic disability, social dysfunction, frequent rehospitalizations, and poor overall treatment compliance. The authors critically review the contemporary literature relevant to concurrent substance abuse and schizophrenia, highlight major deficiencies in our knowledge, and call for research to reduce the...
Stability boundaries for flow induced motions of tubes with an inclined terminal nozzle

Abstract A theoretical and experimental study is made of self-induced non-planar vibrations of a flexible tube conveying a fluid. The tube is fixed at one end and the fluid issues from a nozzle inclined to the axis of the tube at the free end. The effect of the inclined nozzle is to cause a pronounced sinusoidal static deformation of the tube. When a critical flow rate is exceeded the tube begins to flutter. The flutter oscillations occur either in the plane of the static deformation or perpendicular to this plane, depending upon the parameters of the system. An analysis of this phenomenon is carried out for small nozzle angles by a perturbation method. The results of the analysis are presented in terms of stability boundaries as a function of the system parameters. These results are confirmed qualitatively by means of simple experiments.
EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FOR A TWO-ROTON BOUND STATE IN SUPERFLUID HELIUM.

We have used Raman scattering to study roton pairs in liquid helium at 1.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. We find that the energy required to create two rotons is less than twice the energy of a single roton. This result can be explained by the existence of a two-roton bound state. Comparison of our spectra with theoretical calculations gives a binding energy of (0.37 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.10)\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and shows that the pair is in a $D$ state ($L=2$) of angular momentum.