cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Targeted therapy of osteosarcoma with radiolabeled monoclonal antibody to an insulin-like growth factor-2 receptor (IGF2R)

Introduction Osteosarcoma overall survival has plateaued around 70%, without meaningful improvements in over 30years. Outcomes for patients with overt metastatic disease at presentation or who relapse are dismal. In this study we investigated a novel osteosarcoma therapy utilizing radioimmunotherapy (RIT) targeted to IGF2R, which is widely expressed in OS. Methods Binding efficiency of the Rhenium-188(188Re)-labeled IGF2R-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) to IGF2R on OS17 OS cells was assessed with Scatchard plot analysis. Biodistribution studies were performed in heterotopic murine osteosarcoma xenografts. Tumor growth was compared over a 24-day period post-treatment between mice randomized to receive 188Re-labeled IGF2R-specific murine mAb MEM-238 (188Re-MEM-238) or one of three controls: 188Re-labeled isotype control mAb, unlabeled MEM-238, or no treatment. Results Results demonstrate that the radioimmunoconjugate had a high binding constant to IGF2R. Both 188Re-MEM-238 and the isotype control had similar initial distribution in normal tissue. After 48h 188Re-MEM-238 exhibited a 1.8 fold selective uptake within tumor compared to the isotype control (p=0.057). Over 24days, the tumor growth ratio was suppressed in animals treated with RIT compared to unlabeled and untreated controls (p=0.005) as demonstrated by a 38% reduction of IGF2R expressing osteosarcoma cells in the RIT group (p=0.002). Conclusions In conclusion, given the lack of new effective therapies in osteosarcoma, additional investigation into this target is warranted. Advances in knowledge High expression of IGF2R on osteosarcoma tumors, paired with the specificity and in vivo anti-cancer activity of 188Re-labeled IGF2R-specific mAb suggests that IGF2R may represent a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of osteosarcoma. Implications for patient care This targeted approach offers the benefits of being independent of a specific pathway, a resistance mechanism, and/or an inherent biologic tumor trait and therefore is relevant to all OS tumors that express IGF2R.
Potential synergistic action of 19 schizophrenia risk genes in the thalamus

A goal of current schizophrenia (SZ) research is to understand how multiple risk genes work together with environmental factors to produce the disease. In schizophrenia, there is elevated delta frequency EEG power in the awake state, an elevation that can be mimicked in rodents by N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist action in the thalamus. This thalamic delta can be blocked by dopamine D2 receptor antagonists, agents known to be therapeutic in SZ. Experiments suggest that these oscillations can interfere with brain function and may thus be causal in producing psychosis. Here we evaluate the question of whether well-established schizophrenia risk genes may interact to affect the delta generation process. We identify 19 risk genes that can plausibly work in a synergistic fashion to generate delta oscillations.
Protecting Privacy in the Child Health EHR

In the United States and other industrialized countries, laws demand that all individually identifiable health information be secured from unintended disclosure and handled as private, sensitive information. While this protection extends equally to all information in a health record, information that pertains to mental health, reproductive health, physical abuse, and certain other areas with social impact is usually considered even more sensitive than other types of health information. The latter types of information may have special laws or professional standards that apply to how it is handled. All of these privacy and security issues become more complex in situations where minors are involved, because of real or perceived conflicts between the interests of the child and the interests of parents or guardians. In the care of adolescents, these issues become particularly difficult, and may affect how data are recorded or displayed in the EHR system, and the extent to which data may be available for research. Additional areas that present difficult challenges to privacy include fetal care, foster care, and situations where genetic information must be stored and interpreted. Security policies for access to systems intended to be used by patients (personal health records and patient portals) are complex. They can become even more challenging when the child has participated in clinical research and unexpected clinically relevant results are obtained. In this chapter we will discuss the prevailing regulations in the United States and the European Union that apply to privacy and security, and highlight pediatric aspects of these rules that apply to data.
Conflict of Interest Policies and Industry Relationships of Guideline Development Group Members: A Cross-Sectional Study of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Depression

ABSTRACTBecause of increased attention to the issue of trustworthiness of clinical practice guidelines, it may be that both transparency and management of industry associations of guideline development groups (GDGs) have improved. The purpose of the present study was to assess a) the disclosure requirements of GDGs in a cross-section of guidelines for major depression; and, b) the extent and type of conflicts of panel members. Treatment guidelines for major depression were identified and searched for conflict of interest policies and disclosure statements. Multi-modal screens for undeclared conflicts were also conducted. Fourteen guidelines with a total of 172 panel members were included in the analysis. Eleven of the 14 guidelines (78%) had a stated conflict of interest policy or disclosure statement, although the policies varied widely. Most (57%) of the guidelines were developed by panels that had members with industry financial ties to drug companies that manufacture antidepressant medication. However...
An improved fMRI analysis for detecting motor cortex activity near brain tumors

Functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI) typically represent a correlation of the hemodynamic response in a region of the brain that is associated with a stimulus or task; and is used to elucidate areas of neural activity. An inadequate model of the hemodynamic response function (HRF) may prevent the detection of regional brain activity, particularly in brain regions distorted by tumor or other pathology. Thus, idealized HRFs may not provide good models of hemodynamic response in brain regions near a tumor, and subject-specific and/or region-specific HRFs are needed.
Measurement of Impulse Spectrum Amplitude for Use in EMI Susceptibility Tests

A system for measuring the impulse spectrum amplitude of the output of impulse generators and the response of receivers is described. The calibration procedures used in this measurement system were...
The Tissue-Engineered Tendon-Bone Interface: In Vitro and In Vivo Synergistic Effects of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells, Platelet-Rich Plasma, and Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel.

Background:Suboptimal healing of the tendon-bone interface remains an unsolved problem. The authors hypothesized that (1) platelet-rich plasma and prolonged in vitro incubation will produce interface scaffolds with greater reseeding of viable adipose-derived stem cells; and (2) when implanted with e
Social Structure and Institutions

Describe how education reflects and reproduces culture and social inequality. Describe changes in family arrangements in twenty-first century. Describe the modernization of religion in America. Describe the influence of each of the social institutions on health.
Substance P excites cultured cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain.

With the introduction of choline acetyltransferase immunocytochemistry, it has recently been shown that there are nuclei containing cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain, which innervate wide areas of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. These basal forebrain nuclei include the nucleus basalis of Meynert, the medial septal nucleus and the diagonal band nuclei. These cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain nuclei severely degenerate in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (Coyle et al., 1983; Terry and Katzman, 1983). Despite their clinical importance, physiological and pharmacological properties of these cholinergic neurons are not well understood.
Paving a Better Path for Patients Dying of Heart Disease.

The state of medical care at the end of life in the United States was recently highlighted in the Institute of Medicine’s report titled Dying in America .1 However, this report focused mostly on cancer and did not address specific challenges faced by patients with heart disease, which continues to be the most common cause of death in the United States. This significant omission occurred because most research on end-of-life care has been conducted on cancer patients, and most care models, including hospice, have been designed to optimize care for that population. Therefore, unsurprisingly, patients with cancer continue to be overrepresented in hospice, whereas patients with heart disease are underrepresented (Figure). Figure. An analysis of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data shows the relative proportions of the top 6 causes of death in the United States, both overall and in hospice. Advances in modern medicine have helped patients with cardiovascular disease live better and longer, but many suffer disproportionately when …
Carbon Deposits—Using Soil and Blockchains to Achieve Net-Zero Emissions

Abstract The carbon deposit is an innovative form of carbon finance that leverages the power of soils to absorb most of the world’s anthropogenic carbon emissions. In the carbon-deposit system, farmers are paid to practice regenerative agriculture that sequesters carbon in healthy soil using the funds raised from a carbon tax. Blockchains are used to provide the accounting for the system by tracking each ton of carbon from its emissions source to its soil sink. The carbon-deposit system combines an American carbon tax proposal with the French Ministry of Agriculture’s “4 per 1000” project to promote soil health as an overlooked climate change solution.
Sunflower stem weevil and its larval parasitoids in the Central and Northern Plains of the USA

The sunflower stem weevil, Cylindrocopturus adspersus (LeConte) (Coleoptera:Curculionidae), is apest of cultivated sunflower (Helianthusannuus L) from the southern to the northernGreat Plains. The incidence of weevilinfestation in fields from the six differentstates sampled during 1996 and 1997 ranged from33% (Minnesota) to 100% (Kansas, Colorado,Nebraska). Weevil populations in the fieldssampled were statistically greater in thecentral Plains (Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska)with a mean of 12.3 and 19.5 larvae per stalkcompared with the northern Plains (North andSouth Dakota, Minnesota) of 0.7 and 1.3 larvaeper stalk in 1996 and 1997, respectively.Parasitization of weevils varied from field tofield ranging from 1 to 100%, but was usuallyless than 20%. The nine species oflarval parasitoids recovered were allHymenoptera and included: Nealioluscurculionis (Fitch), N. collaris(Brues), Bracon sp. (Braconidae); Neocatolaccus tylodermae (Ashmead), Chlorocytus sp., Pteromalus sp.(Pteromalidae); Quadrastichus ainslieiGahan (Eulophidae), Eurytoma tylodermatisAshmead (Eurytomidae); and Eupelmus sp.(Eupelmidae). Nealiolus curculionis wasthe most prevalent parasitoid reared from C. adspersus, and it was recovered from allstates sampled. Parasitoid species richness wasgreatest in the central Plains. Thereduced number of parasitoid species foundattacking C. adspersus in the northernPlains may be caused by low host populationlevels, slow migration by parasitoids into theregion, or lack of adaptation to climaticconditions. Additional work to understandthe population dynamics of the parasitoidcomplex associated with C. adspersus mayresult in improved biological control of thesunflower stem weevil in cultivatedsunflower.
Dopaminergic Mechanisms in the Control of Aldosterone Secretion

Dopamine, a precursor of the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine, is itself a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (Hornykiewicz, 1966). Dopamine also may serve as a neurotransmitter in the periphery, as it inhibits prolactin secretion directly at the pituitary lactotroph and dilates the renal and mesenteric vascular beds (MacLeod, 1976; Goldberg, 1975).
Current and Potential Future Trends in the Management of the Brain-Dead Organ Donor

Despite advances in the prevention and treatment of end-stage organ ­failure, solid-organ transplantation remains for many the best option for improving the quality of life and the likelihood of survival. Procurement of organs from brain-dead donors is the only option for the majority of patients with end-stage heart and lung failure needing and qualifying for transplantation. It has been known for quite some time, however, that the brain death process can lead to a pathophysiologic cascade that potentially produces significant donor organ dysfunction. As a result, a significant effort has been made to explore approaches to improve donor organ function by removing the organ from the brain death milieu and by protecting the organs in vivo and ex vivo from the cascade of events that is initiated during the brain death process and the inevitable and obligatory ischemia–reperfusion event. This chapter summarizes some of the exciting approaches ranging from attempts at improving the logistics of donor procurement to controlling the molecular events that lead to organ dysfunction. Thankfully, the altruism of truly generous families and donors offers hope to many.
The effects of lifting instructions on the psychophysically selected lifting load limits: A need for reappraisal

This study investigated the effect of three different lifting instruction sets on the psychophysically selected loads. The instruction sets corresponded to three different load limit concepts: maximum acceptable weight of lift (MAWL), maximum comfortable weight of lift (MCWL), and maximum safe weight of lift (MSWL). Results demonstrated significant lifting instruction effects on the investigated dependent variables, including: selected load weight, selected load weight estimation, perceived physical effort, and perceived comfort and safety ratings associated with the selected load weights. Perceived acceptability of selected load weight was the only variable upon which lifting instructions did not have a significant effect. The results showed that the MAWL instruction led to selected loads that were significantly heavier than the loads selected under MSWL instructions. Also, the level of perceived physical effort under the MAWL condition was significantly higher than those obtained under the MSWL and MCWL conditions. Results from this study are consistent with previous research findings that psychophysical selection of lifting loads is very sensitive to the instructions provided to the subjects. It also is suggested that the application of the classical psychophysical approach to setting limits for manual materials handling tasks should be carefully reappraised.
Bringing it Home: Integrating Classroom and Residential Experiences:

The University of Missouri–Columbia has brought Freshman Interest Groups into the residence halls. The residential life director reports on why they made this move—and the results they are seeing.
Evolution of the Arsenal of Legionella pneumophila Effectors To Modulate Protist Hosts.

ABSTRACT Within the human host, Legionella pneumophila replicates within alveolar macrophages, leading to pneumonia. However, L. pneumophila is an aquatic generalist pathogen that replicates within a wide variety of protist hosts, including amoebozoa, percolozoa, and ciliophora. The intracellular lifestyles of L. pneumophila within the two evolutionarily distant hosts macrophages and protists are remarkably similar. Coevolution with numerous protist hosts has shaped plasticity of the genome of L. pneumophila, which harbors numerous proteins encoded by genes acquired from primitive eukaryotic hosts through interkingdom horizontal gene transfer. The Dot/Icm type IVb translocation system translocates ∼6,000 effectors among Legionella species and >320 effector proteins in L. pneumophila into host cells to modulate a plethora of cellular processes to create proliferative niches. Since many of the effectors have likely evolved to modulate cellular processes of primitive eukaryotic hosts, it is not surprising that most of the effectors do not contribute to intracellular growth within human macrophages. Some of the effectors may modulate highly conserved eukaryotic processes, while others may target protist-specific processes that are absent in mammals. The lack of studies to determine the role of the effectors in adaptation of L. pneumophila to various protists has hampered the progress to determine the function of most of these effectors, which are routinely studied in mouse or human macrophages. Since many protists restrict L. pneumophila, utilization of such hosts can also be instrumental in deciphering the mechanisms of failure of L. pneumophila to overcome restriction of certain protist hosts. Here, we review the interaction of L. pneumophila with its permissive and restrictive protist environmental hosts and outline the accomplishments as well as gaps in our knowledge of L. pneumophila-protist host interaction and L. pneumophila’s evolution to become a human pathogen.
Invasive Colloid Carcinoma and the role of Ki-67 and HER2 – Two case reports

Mucinous carcinoma (also termed colloid carcinoma) of the breast accounts for 1%-6% of all breast cancer and is considered to have a good relative prognosis. The most common mammographic appearance of pure mucinous carcinoma is a high-density mass with circumscribed margins and on sonographic examination an isoechoic round mass with circumscribed margins. We report 2 cases of invasive mucinous carcinoma, in which one patient showed an intermediate recurrence risk based on Ki-67 and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negativity, while the other showed a low Ki-67 recurrence risk and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive. We also review the literature on Ki-67 and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and explore the roles of these molecular markers in mucinous carcinomas.
Seroprevalence of bovine Anaplasmosis in Georgia.

Abstract Anecdotally, Veterinary Feed Directive prescriptions in many states in the southeastern United States (U.S.) are written most often for treatment and prevention of bovine anaplasmosis (BA). This tick-borne disease of cattle caused by Anaplasma marginale remains an economically important disease in U.S. However, there are no prevalence estimates of this disease in Georgia (GA). Thus, this study was aimed at determining the seroprevalence of BA in GA. In an active cull beef cow screening for BA, 293 beef cows were sampled from one cattle auction barn and one slaughterhouse between May 2013 and September 2014. These cows originated from 6 of 159 counties in GA. The top 3 counties sampled were Gordon (241 samples), Carroll (25 samples), and Emanuel (12 samples). Of the 293 sampled beef cows, 13 were positive and 280 were negative for BA. Hence, with competitive ELISA, the overall observed apparent seroprevalence of BA in GA was 4.44% (95% CI: 2.61–7.44%) while the estimated true seroprevalence was 2.62% (95% CI: 5.2–5.87%). The top 2 prevalent counties were Carroll and Gordon with apparent seroprevalence of 8% (95% CI: 2.22–24.97) and 4.78% (95% CI: 2.69–8.36), respectively and estimated true seroprevalence of 6.45% (95% CI: 0–25.37) and 2.99% (95% CI: 0.54–6.89), respectively. Although not significant, counties with specimen submissions for BA testing had a greater cattle population and number of cattle farms than counties without specimen submissions. Nevertheless, future prevention and control measures for BA should out of caution target counties with ≥5000 total cattle heads.
The inadvertent compounding of misconceptions regarding the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation in mitral valve patients

We thank the editors of the Journal of Thoracic Disease for inviting us to provide editorial commentary on a paper by Blackstone et al . that was published earlier this year in the Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (1).
OASIS-3: Longitudinal Neuroimaging, Clinical, and Cognitive Dataset for Normal Aging and Alzheimer Disease

ABSTRACT OASIS-3 is a compilation of MRI and PET imaging and related clinical data for 1098 participants who were collected across several ongoing studies in the Washington University Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center over the course of 15 years. Participants include 605 cognitively normal adults and 493 individuals at various stages of cognitive decline ranging in age from 42 to 95 years. The OASIS-3 dataset contains over 2000 MR sessions, including multiple structural and functional sequences. PET metabolic and amyloid imaging includes over 1500 raw imaging scans and the accompanying post-processed files from the PET Unified Pipeline (PUP) are also available in OASIS-3. OASIS-3 also contains post-processed imaging data such as volumetric segmentations and PET analyses. Imaging data is accompanied by dementia and APOE status and longitudinal clinical and cognitive outcomes. OASIS-3 is available as an open access data set to the scientific community to answer questions related to healthy aging and dementia.
Abstract A15: Elucidating the role of p53 in the cellular origins of pancreatic cancer development

The tumor suppressor gene TP53 encodes a transcriptional activator critical for suppressing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). TP53 mutations, which are most frequently missense mutations in the DNA binding domain, result in both loss of wild-type p53 function and gain of novel, oncogenic functions. Mouse models of PDAC relying on oncogenic Kras and p53 mutation have suggested that either pancreatic acinar or ductal cells, the two major epithelial cell types in the pancreas, may be the cell of origin for PDAC, although there is very limited understanding of the molecular pathways through which p53 mutations contribute to PDAC driven by oncogenic Kras. Moreover, the cellular functions of p53 involved in tumor suppression remain enigmatic. To set up a platform for deconstructing p53 loss-of-function (LOF) and gain-of-function (GOF) pathways, we have generated mouse models to study p53 function in adult mice, mimicking the context of human cancer, using tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinases to activate Kras (KrasLSL-G12D) in adult mouse pancreatic acinar (Ptf1aCreER) and ductal (Sox9CreER) compartments, in the backdrop of different p53 alleles. To investigate p53 LOF, we generated mouse cohorts with wild-type p53 expression or conditional p53 knockout (p53fl/fl). To examine p53 GOF, we generated mouse cohorts with conditional expression of structural mutant p53R172H (p53LSL-R172H/fl), contact mutant p53R270H (p53LSL-R270H/fl) and conditional p53 knockout (p53null/fl) for comparison in a uniform p53 heterozygous genetic background of stromal tissues. Our tumor studies have demonstrated that oncogenic Kras expression and p53 knockout or mutation in acinar cells of adult mice leads to metastatic PDAC development with complete penetrance. This suggests a novel role for p53 in tumor suppression by blocking cellular reprogramming of acinar cells to ductal-like cells. In contrast, these mutations drive PDAC from ductal cells less efficiently. To understand the origins of human PDAC, we are investigating the molecular pathways altered in mouse acinar and ductal cell-derived tumors. Through comparison with human pancreatic cancer data, our studies will elucidate the cellular origins of different molecular subtypes of human PDAC. Elucidating the mechanisms of PDAC development is critical to improving detection and therapy in PDAC patients. Citation Format: Brittany M. Flowers, Hang Xu, Kathryn Hanson, Christina Curtis, Hannes Vogel, Laura D. Wood, Laura D. Attardi. Elucidating the role of p53 in the cellular origins of pancreatic cancer development [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2019 Sept 6-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(24 Suppl):Abstract nr A15.
Novel BRAF fusions in pediatric histiocytic neoplasms define distinct therapeutic responsiveness to RAF paradox breakers

Pediatric histiocytic neoplasms are clonal hematopoietic disorders driven by mutations activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, such as BRAF-V600E. In non-BRAFV600E cases, we investigated alternative MAPK mutations and found two novel BRAF gene fusions. We investigated the distinct responsiveness of novel BRAF fusions to RAFi therapies and explored the mechanistic basis of such differential responses compared to other BRAF fusions. Two histiocytic patient tumors were analyzed using the CHOP Comprehensive Next-Gen Sequencing Solid Tumor Panel and a targeted RNA-seq panel for 106 fusion partner genes. In the two M- and L-type histiocytic neoplasms assessed, we found novel and rare BRAF gene fusions, MTAP-BRAF and MS4A6A-BRAF, respectively. Both BRAF fusions activated the MAPK/ PI3K pathways and showed homo- and hetero-dimerization with BRAF and the respective N-terminal fusion partner. In contrast to common BRAF fusions, MTAP-BRAF and MS4A6A-BRAF did not respond to PLX8394 due to a lack of disruption of active fusion homo- and hetero-dimers, which was in turn due to the untargeted, stable dimerization mediated by the N-terminal fusion partners. Conversely, we observed robust suppression with LY3009120 that bound fusion dimers and kept them in an inactivate confirmation. MEKi were found to successfully suppress fusion driven signaling and oncogenic phenotypes. Our finding that PLX8394 does not disrupt MTAP-BRAF or MS4A6A-BRAF dimerization due to contribution of N-terminal partners defines a novel paradigm for the distinct mechanisms sought by BRAF fusions in response to RAFi therapy. Overall, this study highlights the unique and differential biology hijacked by BRAF fusions in response to RAFi and further warrants detailed mechanistic classification of BRAF fusions based on their responsiveness to targeted agents.
Review of Kernelization: Theory of Parameterized Preprocessing by Fedor V. Fomin, Daniel Lokshtanov, Saket Saurabh, and Meirav Zehavi

On the surface, the concept of preprocessing may not seem particularly novel nor insightful. Indeed, the simple idea that putting in computational effort upfront may pay off in dividends of time saved later is not only advice that we have received countless times but it is also advice that we ourselves have given to countless others. It may well seem a clich´e, but it turns out to be more powerful than it first appears to be, and in fact plays a rich role in numerous areas of algorithmic research and is a powerful tool for myriad applications. This turns out to be particularly true in Computer Science where pattern repetition within and between algorithms is ubiquitous. The idea of storing results once to avoid repeating them innumerable times can pay huge dividends in computational problems of many kinds. So, while possibly overdone, the advice is still sound and often revelatory.
Conditional Cancer Immunotherapy as a Safer Way to Step on the Gas

In this issue, Kamata-Sakurai and colleagues describe an agonist antibody to CD137 (4-1BB) that takes on an active conformation in environments with high ATP concentrations, characteristic of tumors. This represents a novel advancement in developing immunotherapies that can be administered systemically, but act locally to induce antitumor immune responses without the usual attendant toxicities.See related article by Kamata-Sakurai et al., p. 158.
Classifying RSNA Abstracts with Deep Learning

Background The Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) receives more than 8000 abstracts yearly for scientific presentations, scientific posters, and scientific papers. Each abstract is assigned manually one of 16 top-level categories (e.g. "Breast Imaging") for workflow purposes. Additionally, each abstract receives a grade from 1-10 based on a variety of subjective factors such as style and perceived writing quality. Using machine learning to automate, at least partially, the categorization of abstract submissions can result in saving many hours of manual labor. Methods A total of 45527 RSNA abstract submissions from 2014 through 2019 were ingested, tokenized, and pre-processed with a standard natural language programming protocol. A bag-of-words (BOW) model was used as a baseline to evaluate two more sophisticated models, convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks, and also evaluate an ensemble model featuring all three neural networks. Results ensemble model was able to achieve 73% testing accuracy for classifying the 16 top-level categories, outperforming all other models. The top model for classifying abstract grade was also an ensemble model, achieving a mean average error (MAE) of 1.01. Conclusion While the baseline BOW model was the highest performing individual classifier, ensemble models that included state-of-the-art neural networks were able to outperform it. Our research shows that machine learning techniques can, to a reasonable degree of accuracy, predict both objective factors such as abstract category as well as subjective factors such as abstract grade. This work builds upon previous research involving using natural language processing on scientific abstracts to make useful inferences that address a meaningful problem.
Molecular interactions contributing to FUS SYGQ LC-RGG phase separation and co-partitioning with RNA polymerase II heptads

The RNA-binding protein FUS (Fused in Sarcoma) mediates phase separation in biomolecular condensates and functions in transcription by clustering with RNA polymerase II. Specific contact residues and interaction modes formed by FUS and the C-terminal heptad repeats of RNA polymerase II (CTD) have been suggested but not probed directly. Here we show how RGG domains contribute to phase separation with the FUS N-terminal low-complexity domain (SYGQ LC) and RNA polymerase II CTD. Using NMR spectroscopy and molecular simulations, we demonstrate that many residue types, not solely arginine-tyrosine pairs, form condensed-phase contacts via several interaction modes including, but not only sp2-π and cation-π interactions. In phases also containing RNA polymerase II CTD, many residue types form contacts, including both cation-π and hydrogen-bonding interactions formed by the conserved human CTD lysines. Hence, our data suggest a surprisingly broad array of residue types and modes explain co-phase separation of FUS and RNA polymerase II.
Mixed layer depth climatology over the northeast U.S. continental shelf (1993–2018)

Abstract The Northeast U.S. (NEUS) continental shelf has experienced rapid warming in recent decades. Over the NEUS continental shelf, the circulation and annual cycle of heating and cooling lead to local variability of water properties. The mixed layer depth (MLD) is a key factor that determines the amount of upper ocean warming. A detailed description of the MLD, particularly its seasonal cycle and spatial patterns, has not been developed for the NEUS continental shelf. We compute the MLD using an observational dataset from the Northeast Fisheries Science Center hydrographic monitoring program. The MLD exhibits clear seasonal cycles across five eco-regions on the NEUS continental shelf, with maxima in January–March and minima in July or August. The seasonal cycle is largest in the western Gulf of Maine (71.9 ± 24.4 m), and smallest in the southern Mid-Atlantic Bight (34.0 ± 7.3 m). Spatial variations are seasonally dependent, with greatest homogeneity in summer. Interannual variability dominates long-term linear trends in most regions and seasons. To evaluate the sensitivity of our results, we compare the MLDs calculated using a 0.03 kg/m3 density threshold with those using a 0.2 °C temperature threshold. Temperature-based MLDs are generally consistent with density-based MLDs, although a small number of temperature-based MLDs are biased deep compared to density-based MLDs particularly in spring and fall. Finally, we compare observational MLDs to the MLDs from a high-resolution ocean reanalysis GLORYS12V1. While the mean values of GLORYS12V1 MLDs compare well with the observed MLDs, their interannual variability are not highly correlated, particularly in summer. These results can be a starting point for future studies on the drivers of temporal and spatial MLD variability on the NEUS continental shelf.
Humility in social entrepreneurs and its implications for social impact entrepreneurial ecosystems

Abstract Why do some social entrepreneurs embrace the assistance of their social impact entrepreneurial ecosystems (SIEEs) in creating and scaling social ventures while others go-it-alone and do not capitalize on the resources in their local communities? To explain this difference in social entrepreneurs, we draw from work in leadership and positive organizational scholarship to develop a multi-level theory of humility in SIEEs. We theorize that social entrepreneurs’ humility affects the extent to which they seek and contribute ecosystem resources. The humility-driven resource behaviors of social entrepreneurs, in turn, influence SIEE-level coordination. Our theory of humility in ecosystems contributes to understanding the micro-foundations of SIEEs and has implications for social entrepreneurs and ecosystem builders.
Good Governance and Human Development in Developing Countries, with Special Reference to South Asia

The developing countries of the world continuously face challenges of economic growth, political and human development. One of the ways to achieve economic, political and human development is good governance. The ultimate purpose of good governance is an improvement in human development. Without an improvement in human development, the objectives of good governance cannot be achieved. The emphasis on good governance has been the focus since the World Bank introduced the concept in 1989. The World Bank and other major donor institutions like the European Union (EU), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and the United Nations (UN) considered good governance as a criterion for development aids. With the use of World Bank data on good governance and UNDP data on human development in developing countries, this paper seeks to analyze the relationship between good governance and human development. To assess the relationship, I will use regression analysis to determine the important variables affecting human development. The paper will also analyze the status of human development and good governance in South Asia based on World Bank data.
Adriamycin: Activity in Solid Tumors

This paper shall be devoted to a discussion of the activity of adriamycin given as a single agent in a variety of solid tumors. Although as other papers in this symposium shall emphasize, single agent therapy with adriamycin in many of the solid tumors is less desirable and less effective than a number of combination regimens currently under evaluation, it is obligatory in any combination regimen that the activity of the single agent be firmly established. Thus, the importance of the single agent data with adriamycin is all too apparent.
On the poisson index of dispersion

A commonly used statistic for testing hypotheses concerning count data is the index of dispersion or variance test (c.f., Fisher 1950, Rao and Chakravarti 1956). The statistic is essentially the ratio of the sample variance to the sample mean,The hypothesis being tested is commonly referred to as the homogeneity hypothesis, often without further detailed specification. However, a closer study of the literature indicates that there are really two different hypotheses of interest.
Secure Pairing of Interface-Constrained Devices Resistant against Rushing User Behavior

"Secure Device Pairing" is the process of bootstrapping secure communication between two devices over a short- or medium-range wireless channel (such as Bluetooth, WiFi). The devices in such a scenario can neither be assumed to have a prior context with each other nor do they share a common trusted authority. Fortunately, the devices can generally be connected using auxiliary physical channel(s) (such as audio, visual, tactile) that can be authenticated by the device user(s), thus forming the basis for pairing. However, lack of good quality output interfaces (e.g, a speaker, display) and/or receivers (e.g., microphone, camera) on certain devices makes pairing a very challenging problem in practice. We consider the problem of "rushing user " behavior in device pairing. A rushing user is defined as a user who in a rush to connect her devices, would skip through the pairing process, if possible. Most prior pairing methods, in which the user decides the final outcome of pairing, are vulnerable to rushing user behavior --- the user can simply "accept" the pairing, without having to correctly take part in the decision process. In this paper, we concentrate on most common pairing scenarios (such as pairing of a WiFi laptop and an access point), whereby one device (access point) is constrained in terms output interfaces, while the other (laptop) has a decent quality output interface but no receiver. We present the design and usability analysis of two novel pairing methods, which are resistant to a rushing user and require only minimal device interfaces on the constrained device. One of the most appealing applications of our proposal is in defending against common threat of "Evil Twin" attacks in public places (e.g, cyber-cafes, airport lounges).
Quantification of uncertainty in geochemical reactions

[1] Predictions of reactive transport in the subsurface are routinely compromised by both model (structural) and parametric uncertainties. We present a set of computational tools for quantifying these two types of uncertainties. The model uncertainty is resolved at the molecular scale where epistemic uncertainty incorporates aleatory uncertainty. The parametric uncertainty is resolved at both molecular and continuum (Darcy) scales. We use the proposed approach to quantify uncertainty in modeling the sorption of neptunium through a competitive ion exchange. This radionuclide is of major concern for various high-level waste storage projects because of its relatively long half-life and its high-solubility and low-sorption properties. We demonstrate how parametric and model uncertainties affect one's ability to estimate the distribution coefficient. The uncertainty quantification tools yield complete probabilistic descriptions of key parameters affecting the fate and migration of neptunium in the subsurface rather than the lower statistical moments. This is important, since these distributions are highly skewed.
Introduction and Basic Concepts

This chapter represents a collection of concepts and mathematical formulations that are employed to develop the theory of plates. In the subsequent chapters the equations introduced here will be reduced to the form used in the relevant version of the theory. The material outlined in this chapter refers to derivations and concepts that can be found in relevant references concerned with solid mechanics or theory of elasticity (some of these sources are referred to below). Accordingly, the goal is to both illustrate that the background of the theory of plates can be traced to the fundamental concepts of mechanics as well as to outline details of this background so that we can refer to them in the subsequent chapters, without the need in further justification or elucidation.
Active Priming of Cultural Stereotypes In Outsourcing Decision Making

AbstractOutsourcing decisions can be strongly influenced by country-of-origin perceptions related to destination cost and host country technological expertise. These country perceptions operate in stereotype-like fashion and tend to substitute for rational and deliberative decision making in the choice of outsourcing destinations. Managers frequently send software projects to India and manufacturing projects to China, as a routine and automated matter of course, even though numerous comparable alternatives frequently exist. The psychological concept of contrast priming for influencing judgment is developed here as a potential ameliorative measure to instantiate deliberative consideration of outsourcing decision criteria in client- supplier contract negotiations. The expectation is that priming theory will provide a managerial tool useful for increasing objective evaluations of outsourcing destinations to the general benefit of all parties involved.
Status Homophily, Sexual Identity, and Lesbian Social Ties

The literature on friendship and social networks finds that individuals form social ties with people who are like them—a much studied concept called homophily. However, few studies have explicitly examined sexual identity as a point of homophily. Scholars from multiple disciplines have long argued that sexuality influences the organization of our social worlds, yet most studies of friendship and social networks under-examine or overlook the influence of sexual identity. This study addresses that gap by looking at status homophily among lesbian social ties to examine the influence of sexual identity, as well as gender, race, class, and family, on their personal networks. Using survey data from 544 U.S. lesbian respondents, the findings make visible some of the factors and forces that shape social ties for lesbians. The results point to the importance of sexuality as an organizing element of social life, and suggest that studies that examine social networks or friendships more often make sexual identity, ge...
Monte Carlo studies of the electron-phonon interactions in AlGaAs

Experimental Raman spectroscopy studies, performed by two different groups, to measure the relative strength of the polar modes in AlxGa1-xAs differed in that one showed a linear behavior with the Al concentration while the other showed a non-monotonic behavior. We have used an ensemble Monte Carlo code to study this system. It is found that the excitation energy and the electron concentration all contribute to the experimental discrepancies, while the excitation pulse width had little effect on the measured relative strength of the Al-mode. Apparently the relative strength of the Al-mode scattering is density dependent for x >= 0.25.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Hallucinations and disturbances of affect, cognition, and physical state as a function of sensory deprivation.

Hallucinations and disturbances of affect, cognition, and physical state as function of sensory deprivation
Teacher and Student Perceptions of Academic Cheating in Middle and Senior High Schools

AbstractPast research on academic cheating has been dominated by college samples and has excluded the study of any similarities and differences between teachers and students in their perceptions of cheating problems. Accordingly, various perceptions were examined by studying a sample of middle and senior high school students and their teachers in four different schools. Questionnaire data indicate general agreement that cheating is a serious problem, but there are substantial teacher-student differences regarding criterial attributes, causal attributions, and efficacious prevention strategies. Results are discussed in terms of previous cheating research literature and implications for classroom practice.
The Crystal Structure of PCSK9: A Regulator of Plasma LDL-Cholesterol.

Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has been shown to be involved in the regulation of extracellular levels of the low-density lipoprotien receptor (LDLR). Although PCSK9 is a subtilase, it has not been shown to degrade the LDLR, and its LDLR-lowering mechanism remains uncertain. Here we report the crystal structure of human PCSK9 at 2.3 A resolution. PCSK9 has subtilisin-like pro- and catalytic domains, and the stable interaction between these domains prevents access to PCSK9's catalytic site. The C-terminal domain of PCSK9 has a novel protein fold and may mediate protein-protein interactions. The structure of PCSK9 provides insight into its biochemical characteristics and biological function.
Multivariate n -term rational and piecewise polynomial approximation

We study nonlinear approximation in Lp(Rd) (0 1) from (a) n-term rational functions, and (b) piecewise polynomials generated by different anisotropic dyadic partitions of Rd. To characterize the rates of each such piecewise polynomial approximation we introduce a family of smoothness spaces (B-spaces) which can be viewed as an anisotropic variation of Besov spaces. We use the B-spaces to prove Jackson and Bernstein estimates and then characterize the piecewise polynomial approximation by interpolation. Our main estimate relates n-term rational approximation with piecewise polynomial approximation in Lp(Rd). This result enables us to obtain a direct estimate for n-term rational approximation in terms of a minimal B-norm (over all dyadic partitions). We also show that the Haar bases associated with anisotropic dyadic partitions of Rd can be successfully utilized for nonlinear approximation. We give an effective algorithm for best Haar basis or best B-space selection.
Determination of CT-to-density conversion relationship for image-based treatment planning systems.

Abstract The implementation of tissue inhomogeneity correction in image-based treatment planning will improve the accuracy of radiation dose calculations for patients undergoing external-beam radiotherapy. Before the tissue inhomogeneity correction can be applied, the relationship between the computed tomography (CT) value and density must be established. This tissue characterization relationship allows the conversion of CT value in each voxel of the CT images into density for use in the dose calculations. This paper describes the proper procedure of establishing the CT value to density conversion relationship. A tissue characterization phantom with 17 inserts made of different materials was scanned using a GE Lightspeed Plus CT scanner (120 kVp). These images were then downloaded into the Eclipse and Pinnacle treatment planning systems. At the treatment planning workstation, the axial images were retrieved to determine the CT value of the inserts. A region of interest was drawn on the central portion of the insert and the mean CT value and its standard deviation were determined. The mean CT value was plotted against the density of the tissue inserts and fitted with bilinear equations. A new set of CT values vs. densities was generated from the bilinear equations and then entered into the treatment planning systems. The need to obtain CT values through the treatment planning system is very clear. The 2 treatment planning systems use different CT value ranges, one from −1024 to 3071 and the other from 0 to 4096. If the range is correct, it would result in inappropriate use of the conversion curve. In addition to the difference in the range of CT values, one treatment planning system uses physical density, while the other uses relative electron density.
The role of phonological representation in decoding skills of young readers

Phonological awareness reflects the strength of a child's ability to represent linguistic information cognitively at the phonological level. Although the role of phonological awareness in early rea...