cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Posterior urethral valves: Functional classification

Among 37 boys with posterior urethral valves (PUV), the clinical courses could be divided into three functional levels of severity which did not always correspond to the traditional anatomic classification of valves. Children with PUV presented at all ages, had varying degrees of renal impairment, and manifested a variety of voiding symptoms. Eleven patients progressed to uremia, but the progression did not correlate with the presence of vesicoureteral reflux or the extent of the voiding dysfunction. Two patients with PUV fathered children eighteen and twenty-one years, respectively, after recognition of their valves. A functional classification of PUV patients is suggested as a way to overcome long-standing bias about the levels of kidney function attainable after primary valve treatment.
Spatial resolution of numerical models of man and calculated specific absorption rate using the FDTD method: A study at 64 MHz in a magnetic resonance imaging coil

Purpose To examine how fine a model resolution is necessary for calculation of specific energy absorption rate (SAR) for the human head in regions as small as 1 g. Materials and Methods Here we perform a simple study comparing the maximum SAR averaged over any 1 cm3 and SAR averaged over the entire head for several models of the same human head within the same radiofrequency coil, but with spatial resolutions varying from 8–100 Yee cells per cm3. Results Over the range of model resolutions from 8–100 Yee cells per cm3, there is only a 16% variation in maximum SAR in any 1 cm3 of tissue in the head, and only a 7% variation in SAR averaged over the entire head. Conclusion While it is always desirable to perform SAR calculations with the greatest possible accuracy, in calculations of the maximum SAR levels in any 1 cm3 of tissue, spatial resolutions greater than 5 mm may not yield notably different results than those with a spatial resolution of 5 mm. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;18:383–388. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Infected by evil

In this paper I argue that there is good reason to believe that we can be influenced by fictions in ways that matter morally, and some of the time we will be unaware that we have been so influenced. These arguments fall short of proving a clear causal link between fictions and specific changes in the audience, but they do reveal rather interesting and complex features of the moral psychology of fiction. In particular, they reveal that some Platonic worries about the dangers of art cannot be dismissed lightly.
Machine for Testing Rubber Products Used to Absorb Vibration1

Abstract Data have been presented to show that the commonly used physical tests such as stress at break, stress at 400 per cent elongation (modulus), ultimate elongation, set at break, set after repeated stretch, and static compression-set fail to evaluate properly the resistance of vulcanized rubber to dynamic fatigue of flexure under compression, whereas flexureset as determined in a new machine (the compression flexometer) herein described does evaluate stocks properly as determined by service and dynamometer tests. Accordingly, resistance to flexure under compression (dynamic fatigue) is suggested as a much more important property of rubber products used to absorb vibration under compression than any of the above-mentioned tests.
Algorithm 801: POLSYS_PLP: a partitioned linear product homotopy code for solving polynomial systems of equations

Globally convergent, probability-one homotopy methods have proven to be very effective for finding all the isolated solutions to polynomial systems of equations. After many years of development, homotopy path trackers based on probability-one homotopy methods are reliable and fast. Now, theoretical advances reducing the number of homotopy paths that must be tracked, and in the handling of singular solutions, have made probability-one homotopy methods even more practical. POLSYS_PLP consists of Fortran 90 modules for finding all isolated solutions of a complex coefficient polynomial system of equations. The package is intended to be used in conjunction with HOMPACK90 (Algorithm 777), and makes extensive use of Fortran 90 derived data types to support a partitioned linear product (PLP) polynomial system structure. PLP structure is a generalization of m-homogeneous structure, whereby each component of the system can have a different m-homogeneous structure. The code requires a PLP structure as input, and although finding the optimal PLP structure is a difficult combinatorial problem, generally physical or engineering intuition about a problem yields a very good structure. POLSYS_PLP employs a sophisticated power series end game for handling singular solutions, and provides support for problem definition both at a high level and via hand-crafted code. Different PLP structures and their corresponding Bezout
β2‐Adrenergic Receptor Solutions for Structural Biology Analyzed with Microscale NMR Diffusion Measurements

Microcoil NMR measurements were performed to determine the final composition of solutions of the β(2)-adrenergic receptor (β(2)AR) reconstituted with a detergent and to study the hydrodynamic properties of the detergent micelles containing β(2)AR. Standards are established for the reproducible preparation of G-protein-coupled receptor solutions for crystallization trials and solution NMR studies.
ANOTHER WAY TO GO? SOME IMPLICATIONS OF LIGHT-DUTY DIESEL STRATEGY

Conventional wisdom suggests that a large-scale shift from gasoline to diesel light-duty highway vehicles would have an impact on energy consumption, emissions, and infrastructure. Under a relatively modest scenario, based on French experience since 1970, a dieselization strategy could have displaced slightly more than half a quad of petroleum (3.7 percent of the energy consumed by light-duty vehicles) in 1992, while reducing carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions by 6.3, 0.8, and 0.09 million tonnes, and increasing sulfur oxides (SOx) and particulates (PM-10) by 0.03 and 0.2 million tonnes, respectively. As a percentage of pollutants attributable to light-duty vehicles, these values represent decreases of 11 percent, 10 percent, and 2 percent for CO, HC, and NOx and increases of SOx and PM-10 of 36 percent and 39 percent, respectively. The projected oil displacement and emissions impacts would have been achieved by using a diesel technology that is significantly less e...
Infrared Multiphoton Dissociation of Small-Interfering RNA Anions and Cations

Infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) on a linear ion trap mass spectrometer is applied for the sequencing of small interfering RNA (siRNA). Both single-strand siRNAs and duplex siRNA were characterized by IRMPD, and the results were compared with that obtained by traditional ion trap-based collision induced dissociation (CID). The single-strand siRNA anions were observed to dissociate via cleavage of the 5′ P—O bonds yielding c- and y-type product ions as well as undergo neutral base loss. Full sequence coverage of the siRNA anions was obtained by both IRMPD and CID. While the CID mass spectra were dominated by base loss ions, accounting for ∼25% to 40% of the product ion current, these ions were eliminated through secondary dissociation by increasing the irradiation time in the IRMPD mass spectra to produce higher abundances of informative sequence ions. With longer irradiation times, however, internal ions corresponding to cleavage of two 5′ P—O bonds began to populate the product ion mass spectra as well as higher abundances of [a − Base] and w-type ions. IRMPD of siRNA cations predominantly produced c- and y-type ions with minimal contributions of [a − Base] and w-type ions to the product ion current; the presence of only two complementary series of product ions in the IRMPD mass spectra simplified spectral interpretation. In addition, IRMPD produced high abundances of protonated nucleobases, [G + H]+, [A + H]+, and [C + H]+, which were not detected in the CID mass spectra due to the low-mass cut-off associated with conventional CID in ion traps. CID and IRMPD using short irradiation times of duplex siRNA resulted in strand separation, similar to the dissociation trends observed for duplex DNA. With longer irradiation times, however, the individual single-strands underwent secondary dissociation to yield informative sequence ions not obtained by CID.
Altered development of spinal cord in the mouse mutant (Patch) lacking the PDGF receptor α-subunit gene

The platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha subunit (PDGFR alpha) is expressed by glial precursors, glial cells, and some peripheral neurons during normal rodent development. Its ligands are expressed ubiquitously in neurons, including sensory and motor neurons. Thus, neuronally secreted PDGF-A may play a paracrine role in the development of both glial cells and peripheral neurons. The Patch (Ph) mutation, which is a deletion of the PDGFR alpha, is a homozygous embryonic lethal mutation in the mouse. Previously, several developmental abnormalities, including deficiencies in connective tissues in many organs, aberrant neural crest cell migration, and defects in non-neuronal derivatives of crest cells, have been shown to be associated with the Patch mutation. However, whether and the extent to which motor and sensory neurons are affected by the mutation are not known. Here, we have examined the survival and/or morphological differentiation of spinal motor and sensory (dorsal root ganglion) neurons during the period of naturally occurring cell death, i.e., between E14 and E18, in control and Ph/Ph mice. The results show a 65-70% decrease in motor and sensory neuron numbers in Ph/Ph mice, compared to controls, at all stages examined. Furthermore, motoneurons in Ph/Ph mice were significantly smaller than those in controls. Because of the bidirectional nature of neuron-glial cell interactions, these results suggest that PDGFR alpha plays an important role in glial cell development and, thus, indirectly in neuronal cell development or, alternatively, that PDGF and the PDGFR alpha are directly involved in peripheral neuron survival and development by an autocrine/paracrine mechanism.
Determination of a line of critical points via a transport property

Abstract The phase diagrams, in the H, T plane, of an antiferromagnet and a metamagnet have been obtained by studies of the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the electrical resistivity and have been checked via magnetization measurements.
Nanocoating characterization in pool boiling heat transfer of pure water

Abstract The pool boiling behavior of nanoparticle coated surfaces is experimentally studied in pure water. Nanoparticle coatings were created during nanofluid pool boiling experiments (Al 2 O 3 –water/ethanol). The nanocoatings developed can significantly enhance the critical heat flux. Ethanol nanofluids created more uniform nanocoatings which outperformed nanocoatings created in water nanofluids. The wetting and wicking characteristics of the nanocoatings are investigated through contact angle measurements and by conducting a dip test. A linear relationship between the CHF enhancement and the quasi-static contact angles of the nanocoatings was revealed. Additionally, a mechanism potentially responsible for nanocoating CHF enhancement is identified.
Variation in the electrical properties of cultured human proximal tubule cells.

Monolayers of human proximal tubule (HPT) cells, when grown on permeable supports and mounted in Ussing chambers, spontaneously display a transepithelial potential difference (PD), short-circuit current (Isc), and transepithelial specific resistance (RT). These electrical parameters were used to determine the degree of heterogeneity among independent isolates of human proximal tubule cell cultures. Seventeen independent isolates of cells were assessed, totaling 260 individual determinations of spontaneous electrical properties. On average, these cell monolayers displayed an apicalnegative PD of 1.5 ± 0.1 mV, an Isc of 2.7 ± 0.2 µA/cm2, and an RT of 480 ± 19 ohms × cm2. Each independent cell isolate, however, displayed electrical values within a narrow range, in some cases allowing isolates to be distinguished from one another. The individual isolates were also assessed for Na-coupled glucose transport, Na+,K+-ATPase activity, cAMP stimulation by parathyroid hormone (PTH), forskolin stimulation of Isc, and ouabain inhibition. With the exception of a strong correlation between Na+,K+-ATPase activity and Isc, these parameters, in contrast to electrical properties, were found to be consistent and did not reveal distinctions among the isolates. HPT cell cultures seem to consistently retain important features of proximal tubule differentiation while maintaining the variability, as demonstrated by electrical properties, that might be expected of cells isolated from a random population.
Related single copy sequences in the human genome

Human single copy DNA renatured under relatively non-stringent conditions (50 degrees C, 0.36 M Na+) forms two components with different thermal stabilities: a high temperature component melting at a temperature (81 degrees C, 0.18 M Na+) expected for well-paired duplex and a low temperature component melting at 55 degrees C (0.18 M Na+). The production of the high and low temperature components has been examined as a function of C0t (product of concentration and time in units of mol/s per l) value and renaturation temperature. The duplex formed has been characterized by its resistance to S1 endonuclease and its length has been determined by gel electrophoresis. As a result of these experiments and related controls we conclude that the low temperature component is not an artifact of DNA fragment length, nonspecific base pairing or hydroxyapatite chromatography conditions. We attribute the low thermal stability of this component to the renaturation of distantly related single copy sequences to form a highly mismatched duplex DNAs with an average length of about 100 base pairs.
What can phylogeographic breaks in the livebearer Poeciliopsis turrubarensis tell about fish community boundaries in western Costa Rica

This study asks if the geographic boundary delineating two fish communities in western Costa Rica is congruent with a phylogeographic break in a single widespread fish species Poeciliopsis turrubarensis (Poeciliidae) that spans this area. Such congruence would suggest that a common historical event (e.g. geological or climatic) could be responsible for both patterns. It was found that there was a shared break across a region in central Costa Rica suggesting a common cause may be responsible for both the abrupt shift in fish community composition and the genetic break in P. turrubarensis.
Television advertisement format and the provision of risk information about prescription drug products.

Abstract Background Considerable attention has been afforded to analyzing the content of and assessing consumers' reaction to print direct-to-consumer drug ads, but not so for televised ads. Objective To determine whether advertisements with different risk severity and risk presentation would significantly affect viewers' (1) recall of information contained in the advertisement, (2) evaluation of the advertisement, and (3) perceptions of the advertised product's risks. Methods Data were collected from a sample of 135 first-year pharmacy students at a Midwestern college of pharmacy. After viewing 1 of the 6 advertisements designed for this study, participants were asked to complete a self-administered survey. Chi-square and analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. A 2 × 3 between subjects design was used to test the effects of 2 levels of risk severity (high- vs low-risk severity) and 3 levels of risk presentation (original ad containing integrated risk message, deintegrated risk message/dual modality using male voice-over, deintegrated risk message/dual modality using female voice-over). Results Results of analysis of variance procedures revealed that deintegrating risk information by placing it at the end of the advertisement and the use of captions in addition to oral messages (dual modality) (1) improved the recall of general and specific side effect information, (2) led to a perception that the advertisement had greater informational content, (3) resulted in lower Advertisement Distraction, and (4) lessened cognitive and affective aspects of information overload for the advertisement containing the high-risk severity medication. However, this pattern of findings was not found for the low-risk severity medication. Conclusion Alternative methods for presenting risk information in direct-to-consumer ads affected some aspects of information recall and advertisement evaluation, but were not shown to affect risk perceptions regarding the advertised products.
A Deterministic Mechanism for Dendritic Solidification Kinetics

This article will demonstrate the existence of a deterministic mechanism for dendritic solidification kinetics, especially the generation and development of side branches. The focus is on the influence of an anisotropic kinetic boundary condition on the formation of dendritic side branches. Accurate boundary integrals were developed to simulate two- and three-dimensional solidification. Numerical results reveal that both anisotropic capillarity and anisotropic interfacial attachment kinetics induce time-periodic non-monotone temperature distributions along the dendritic interface that lead to oscillations of the tip velocity. The consequent dynamical process operates as a limit cycle that generates a sequence of time-periodic protuberances near the tip. These protuberances grow and develop into secondary side branches, thereby setting the scale of chemical microsegregation.
System Breakdown: The Role of Mental Models and Transactive Memory in the Relationship between Acute Stress and Team Performance

In an effort to extend theory and research on the effects of acute stress in teams, I examined the mediational role of mental models and transactive memory in the relationship between acute stress ...
Large multi-stage OXC

A single layer planar multi-stage OXC architecture, based on strictly non-blocking Clos (1953) network is described. A pseudo 3D OXC architecture is also proposed and both, single-layer and pseudo 3D architectures are analysed and compared with full-matrix OXC with regard to the insertion loss and OXC reliability. A multi-stage rearrangeable non-blocking (RNB) architecture is also analysed and compared with a strictly non-blocking architecture.
The Relation between the Structure of Temperament Questionnaire and Other Personality Domains

The relation between temperament and five dimensions of personality was investigated. Correlations between the Structure of Temperament Questionnaire (STQ) and the NEO-Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) indicated that only two emotionality scales of the STQ were highly correlated with the six facets of the Extroversion scale of the NEO-PI. By means of a two-factor solution of STQ items, a new instrument was constructed. When correlated with the NEO-PI scales, the new instrument converged to the personality domains of Neuroticism and Extraversion.
In vitro effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist on natural killer cell cytolysis in women with and without endometriosis.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the in vitro effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist on natural killer cell activity in women with and without endometriosis and to ascertain whether gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist effects on natural killer cell activity are direct or mediated solely through the hypoestrogenic state that they produce in vivo. Study design With use of a chromium 51 release microcytotoxicity assay with K562 target cells, natural killer cell activity was measured after the incubation of mononuclear cells with leuprolide acetate that was obtained from 16 patients with endometriosis and 11 control subjects. Results The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells that were obtained from patients with endometriosis was reduced significantly ( P P =.005) with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. Natural killer cell cytotoxicity was significantly lower in patients with endometriosis than in control patients ( P =.029). Conclusion These findings suggest a direct immunomodulatory role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist on natural killer cell activity and confirm previous findings that patients with endometriosis have reduced natural killer cell cytotoxicity.
Error performance of hyybrid space-time block code detected based on sorted QR decomposition

Error rate performance of the layered spacetime code (LST) combined with Alamouti coding (AC) in flat Rayleigh fading channel is investigated. With the sorted-QR-decomposition-based decision feedback detector (SQRD-DFD), the channel matrix is Q-R decomposed with proper column permutation to minimize the possibility of error propagation. Error rate performance of the LST combined with AC is compared with that of the LST without AC with both sphere detector (SD) and SQRD-DFD. Simulation results show that in full-rank MIMO systems, when AC is introduced into LST, the error rate performance achievable with SQRD-DFD is very close to that obtainable with SD.
Financial reforms, financial openness, and corporate debt maturity: International evidence ☆

We study how credit market deregulation and financial openness have changed corporate debt maturity. The evidence comes from a large panel of publicly traded firms in 38 countries in the post 1994 period. Reforms are measured with a comprehensive index that tracks six separate dimensions. We find that these transformations have lengthened debt maturity in advanced economies as expected, suggesting that in these countries corporate credit markets have become deeper. In emerging economies, the picture is more mixed: more international openness has led to shorter debt maturity. The effects of financial sector reforms on debt maturity differ depending on the type of reform.
Practical Problem-solving in Seismology

This column concludes the second year of the Second ES's tenure as seismology's gatekeeper for all that is going on in “information technology.” The Original ES set a high standard in this role, so a little analysis of his successor seems appropriate. What was the most common topic for the ES in the last two years? Nothing! Yup, there was no ES column for five of the last twelve SRL issues. Oops. Definitely need to work on that. OK, when the ES did manage to show up for work, what were the topics? Well, four of the discussions were on the future of IT …
Activity assessment of microorganisms eluted from sediments using 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride: a quantitative comparison of flow cytometry to epifluorescent microscopy.

Enhanced natural recovery may be successfully implemented at contaminated sediment sites, which are often characterized by large volumes of sediments with low to moderate levels of contamination to cost-effectively reduce human and ecological risks. In order to evaluate the potential for microbial contribution to remediation strategies, physiological assessment of indigenous microorganisms is essential. We report here a method for rapid and accurate assessment of metabolically (5-cyano2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride [CTC]) active microorganisms eluted from sediment, based on flow cytometry (FCM). Microorganisms eluted from sediment and suspended in estuarine medium were stained with CTC and counterstained with the DNA stain Picogreen (PG). Optimal stain concentrations and incubation times were employed. FCM quantification of the dualstained microorganisms was not statistically different (paired t test; a=0.05; df=10) from enumeration (total or active numbers) by an established method (fluorescent microscopy) over two orders of magnitude (approximately 10 4 –10 6 /ml). This research suggests that FCM, which allows the collection and analysis of multiple parameters (light scatter and fluorescence emission), is a good candidate for microbial characterization in complex environmental matrices, such as sediments, across a broad range of activity levels (f2% to 84% of total). Potential applications for this FCM-based method include the rapid assessment of changes in sediment microbial activity in response to enhanced bioremediation strategies. D 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Study of PET scanner designs using clinical metrics to optimize the scanner axial FOV and crystal thickness.

The aim of this study is to understand the trade-off between crystal thickness and scanner axial field-of-view FOV (AFOV) for clinical PET imaging. Clinical scanner design has evolved towards 20–25 mm thick crystals and 16–22 cm long scanner AFOV, as well as time-of-flight (TOF) imaging. While Monte Carlo studies demonstrate that longer AFOV and thicker crystals will lead to higher scanner sensitivity, cost has prohibited the building of commercial scanners with >22 cm AFOV. In this study, we performed a series of system simulations to optimize the use of a given amount of crystal material by evaluating the impact on system sensitivity and noise equivalent counts (NEC), as well as image quality in terms of lesion detectability. We evaluated two crystal types (LSO and LaBr3) and fixed the total crystal volume used for each type (8.2 L of LSO and 17.1 L of LaBr3) while varying the crystal thickness and scanner AFOV. In addition, all imaging times were normalized so that the total scan time needed to scan a 100 cm long object with multiple bed positions was kept constant. Our results show that the highest NEC cm –1 in a3 5 cm diameter × 70 cm long line source cylinder is achieved for an LSO scanner with 10 mm long crystals and AFOV of 36 cm, while for LaBr3 scanners, the highest NEC cm –1 is obtained with 20 mm long crystals and an AFOV of 38 cm. Lesion phantom simulations show that the best lesion detection performance is achieved in scanners with long AFOV (36 cm) and using thin crystals (10 mm of LSO and 20 mm of LaBr3). This is due to a combination of improved NEC, as well as improved lesion contrast estimation due to better spatial resolution in thinner crystals. Alternatively, for lesion detection performance similar to that achieved in standard clinical scanner designs, the long AFOV scanners can be used to reduce the total scan time without increasing the amount of crystal used in the scanner. In addition, for LaBr3 based scanners, the reduced lesion contrast relative to LSO based scanners requires improved timing resolution and longer scan times in order
The Oxford Movement: Europe and the Wider World, 1830–1930 . Edited by Stewart J. Brown and Peter B. Nockles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. xii + 273 pp. $99.00 cloth.

(ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.)The Oxford Movement: Europe and the Wider World, 1830-1930 . Edited by Stewart J. Brown and Peter B. Nockles . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 2012. xii + 273 pp. $99.00 cloth.Book Reviews and NotesThe Oxford Movement: Europe and the Wider World, 1830-1930 is a collection of essays by a group of international scholars examining the impact of the catholic revival within Anglicanism. Its origin was an Oxford conference in September of 2008. In a way the volume is a successor to the 1933 volume Northern Catholicism edited by N. P. Williams. But whereas the earlier volume had many foci (theology, aesthetics, the moral life, spirituality, and so forth) this volume is rigorously historical, and much more international in scope.The essays are divided into three sections: "Prelude," "Beyond England: The Oxford Movement in Britain, the Empire, and the United States," and "The Oxford Movement and Continental Europe." The prelude is a fine essay by Peter B. Nockles exploring the culture of Oxford's Oriel College, where the movement had its birth. A number of the essays in section 2 attempt to cast new light on their subjects by picking them up by a new handle. Thus Stewart J. Brown suggests that the Catholic revival had some of its greatest influences not on the Scottish Episcopal Church but on the Presbyterian Church of Scotland. The "Scoto-Catholic Movement" led to liturgical and devotional changes and to an emphasis on the catholic nature of that church. In Rowan Strong's essay on the Jerusalem bishopric controversy (in which it was proposed that the English church and the Prussian church sponsor a bishop in Jerusalem), he does not focus on John Henry Newman's well known criticism of the project but on Henry Edward Manning, who was much more positive, seeing it as a way of extending Anglicanism into the world. Nockles attempts the same change of handles in treating the Oxford Movement in America. Rather than focusing on American Episcopal sources he taps English observations of American events, and the correspondence of James McMaster, one of the country's Roman Catholic converts. He provides some fresh insights, particularly from the correspondence of John Henry Newman. Unfortunately this approach leads to some factual errors (Isaac Hecker was never a student at the General Theological Seminary), glaring omissions (such as the pro-Tractarian bishop of New York, Benjamin Tredwell Onderdonk), and questionable claims such as that the American Episcopal Church never had a strong evangelical component. …
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes after Pediatric Cardiac ECMO Support.

Purpose: To characterize the neurodevelopmental outcomes and identify factors associated with poor outcomes in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Methods: Five year retrospective review, including demographics, cardiac lesion and surgical complexity, reason for ECMO, ECMO complications, and neurodevelopmental status at discharge and latest follow-up. Neurodevelopmental status was determined through the Pediatric Overall Performance Category and Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category scales. Results: Overall ECMO survival was 73% at hospital discharge and 66% a t the latest follow-up. Most patients underwent CPR (43%), and the majority (53%) had a significant disease complexity (Aristotle=4). Complications occurred in 42% of the ECMO runs, of which 12% were intracranial injuries. At hospital discharge, 75% of patients had normal to mild disability, improving to 81% at 2 years follow-up. At hospital discharge, moderate to severe disability was associated with CPR, plasma exchange or intracranial insults. After discharge, 23% showed improvement in neurologic status and 4% showed deterioration. Cerebral infarction was the only parameter associated with deterioration at the later follow-up stage. Conclusions: ECMO was successfully used in children with cardiac disease with 73% and 66% short and long-term survival respectively. Majority of the survivors had normal to mild neurodevelopmental disability and a significant portion showed neurologic improvement by the latest follow-up. Nevertheless, despite the grossly favorable outcomes standardized comprehensive neuropsychological testing is of paramount importance in all these patients.
SOX Doomsday Predictions in Hindsight: Evidence from Delistings

Once the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) became imminent, many companies protested that complying with SOX provisions was too onerous and costly and would result in many companies choosing to withdraw from public trading. We investigate whether these doomsday predictions were well-founded based on a review of SEC Form 15 requests to delist and related news releases during the period 2002 to 2004. Our findings suggest that there has not been a significant increase in the number of requests to delist since the enactment of SOX. Furthermore, we find that of companies that delist, relatively few (4.7 percent) attribute their delisting to SOX. Companies that did attribute their delisting to SOX were smaller and less likely to be audited by Big 4 auditors, characteristics that have been previously found to be associated with poorer financial reporting quality.
Correlation of infrared measurement results of coupled fields in long cylinders with a dual series solution

A theoretical code for determining electric field distributions in long cylinders is validated by an infrared experimental method. A summary of the theoretical approach using the generalized dual series (GDS) solution is presented. The theoretical solutions for selected geometries used for comparison are depicted as cross-sectional views of experimentally generated infrared (IR) images. The IR images are obtained from microwave interactions and are related to the field intensity at their locations. Qualitative comparisons are made between the field strengths measured using the thermal radiation experimental approach and a theoretical prediction for various frequencies. The experimental and theoretical results show reasonable correlation. >
The resurgence of phenotypic screening in drug discovery and development

The research community has witnessed a resurgence over the last several years in the enthusiasm for phenotypic screening as an approach for small-molecule discovery. In the course of running screen...
What’s an Instructor to Do?

Non-traditional formats call for different forms of teaching, planning and subject design. Using research conducted on non-traditional learning formats in higher education and over 20 years of the author’s teaching experience in non-traditional formats, this chapter discusses the most important time-on-task strategies, incorporation of new Web 2.0 learning techniques, active learning strategies, and questioning techniques to develop critical thinking skills that instructors in non-traditional formats must include in their teaching repertoire. Data are presented along with current literature that supports the dynamic learning experiences in a face-to-face environment in less contact time.
Maturing Human Minds and Early Subsistant Technoevolution: A Synopsis

Without exception, people throughout the world depend on evolving nonsomatic forms to obtain food on a reliable basis. This is a cultural universal. But there is no word in English to identify the process or the associated artifacts. My proposal was subsistant, “a technological form used to obtain edibles on an immediate or delayed basis” (e.g., Oswalt: 1973, 24). The word was stillborn and a comparable concept has yet to emerge. So why has this term not been adopted? In fact, why have “subsistants” not become an anthropological subfield of study? This has long puzzled me, especially since the social science community has an ever-expanding interest in the lives of our Homo ancestors. To address these questions, a brief overview of artifact studies in the relatively recent past is fitting. With the rise of modern anthropology in the late 1800s, the evolution of material culture became a prominent research subject. One major pioneer was Augustus Lane Fox (1827-1900) whose extensive personal artifact collection included commonplace archaeological and ethnological examples. His goal was to formulate an evolutionary classification to trace “... the succession of ideas by which the minds of men in a primitive condition of culture have progressed from the simple to the complex, and from the homogeneous to the heterogeneous” (Lane Fox: 1875, 294). Acceptance of his goal diminished shortly after he established it, but it reemerged in the 1950s and continues into the present. From another anthropological perspective, artifacts are neglected. Michael Brian Schiffer (1999, 5) emphasized “... material culture studies are largely marginalized in the major social science disciplines. This can be easily shown by a perusal of prominent literature in psychology, sociology, and anthropology.” However, he also stated that, “... all studies in the social and behavioral sciences ought to attend diligently to artifacts. Evidently, this is not happening - even in sociocultural anthropology.” Thus, the importance of material culture and artifacts may be seen as existing in stark contrast to the attention actually paid to this anthropological subfield of study. In fact, only a very few researchers endeavored to catalog the fundamental elements of material culture and provide a plausible explanation for the increased complexity found in the empirical, archeological record. Yet, I thought that such a foundational theory that included both aspects was well worth investigation and postulation.
Vapor-Deposited Polyimide Ablators for NIF: Effects of Deposition Process Parameters and Solvent Vapor Smoothing on Capsule Surface Finish

Recent progress made at LLNL on fabricating NIF scale polyimide capsules using vapor deposition techniques is detailed. Our major focus has been on improving the capsule surf ace finish through bet...
An investigation of freeway standstill distance, headway, and time gap data in heterogeneous traffic in Iowa

Microsimulation models have been growing in popularity in traffic engineering in recent years, and are often used as an important tool in the decision making process on large roadway design projects. In order to get valid results, it is necessary to calibrate such microsimulation models to local conditions. This is frequently achieved through a trial and error process of adjusting model parameters to get simulation results to match real world calibration data. Rarely is data collected on the model parameters themselves to provide a physical basis for the selection of their value. Two of the most important microsimulation model parameters for freeway models are standstill distance (the distance between stopped vehicles) and preferred time headway or time gap (the time between successive vehicles). Many simulation models treat these values as constants for all drivers and do not allow them to be set separately for different vehicle classes. This study presents a repeatable methodology for collecting standstill distance and headway/time gap values on freeways (mostly urban, with one rural location). It applies that methodology to locations throughout the state of Iowa. It continues by analyzing that data and comparing it for different locations and conditions. It finds that standstill distances vary by location and vehicle pair type. Headways/time gaps are found to be consistent within the same driver population and across different driver populations when the conditions are similar. An initial comparison between headways/time gaps at three urban areas to one rural location indicates a potential difference in driver behavior between those two conditions. Both standstill distance and headway/time gap are found to follow fairly disperse and skewed distributions. As a result of these findings, it is
Movement of Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli larvae from the hemocoel to the peripheral circulation of Gammarus pseudolimnaeus

Acanthors and early acanthellae of Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli were observed in the peripheral circulation of experimentally infected laboratory-reared Gammarus pseudolimnaeus. This has not previously been reported for larval P. bulbocolli during development in the intermediate host. The timing of larval movement from hemocoel to vessels and sinuses was related to intensity of infection. In an experimental group with a low mean intensity of infection, the movement of larval P. bulbocolli into the peripheral circulation occurred later (9 days postfeeding) than in a group with a high mean intensity of infection (2 days postfeeding). Larvae were observed in the peripheral circulation for a longer period of time in amphipods from the group with the high mean intensity of infection. Dead and slightly melanized acanthors and early acanthellae were present in the hemocoel at the time living larvae moved into the peripheral circulation. Only 1 incidence of a hemocytic response to the larvae was observed in the first 20 days postfeeding.
A Model for Permutations

(1974). A Model for Permutations. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 81, No. 5, pp. 503-506.
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are intended to provide the clinician with an overview of this medication class. Its purpose is to introduce the clinician to major mechanisms of action, chemical structure, clinical effect, and select precautions/contraindications of NSAIDs.
Axonal transport of beta-adrenergic receptors. Antero- and retrogradely transported receptors differ in agonist affinity and nucleotide sensitivity.

Beta-receptors were measured in longitudinal sections of ligated rat sciatic nerve by autoradiographic localization of 125I-labeled cyanopindolol binding sites. Receptors accumulated at the ligature, both proximally and distally, in a time-dependent fashion. Receptor transport also occurred in an isolated segment of nerve (i.e., a doubly ligated nerve), suggesting that the movement is by fast transport. Pharmacological analysis of the accumulating binding sites indicates that they are beta 2-adrenergic receptors. In competition studies, agonists were 10-30 times more potent on receptors accumulating proximal to the ligature than on distally accumulating receptors, whereas antagonists were equipotent on both. Guanyl-5'-yl-imidodiphosphate (GppNHp) decreased the potency of agonists at proximal receptors in a dose-dependent fashion. Distal receptors were much less sensitive to GppNHp. Other nucleotides displayed varying abilities to mimic the effect of GppNHp, suggesting the involvement of a guanine nucleotide-binding protein in regulating agonist affinity. Thus, presynaptic beta 2-adrenergic receptors were identified in rat sciatic nerve. A small fraction of them apparently moves by fast transport. The anterogradely transported receptors have binding properties which differ from the retrogradely moving receptor and appear to be in functional association with a nucleotide regulatory protein.
Duration of asystolic reperfusion and reperfusate electrolyte composition influence postcardioplegia ventricular fibrillation

The conditions of postcardioplegia reperfusion that influence cardiac electrophysiologic recovery have not yet been fully elucidated. Studies of postcardioplegia electrophysiologic recovery and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias, particularly reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation, are useful for improving our understanding of reperfusion injury since reperfusion-induced arrhythmias are sensitive indicators for reperfusion injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of asystolic reperfusion and reperfusate electrolyte composition on postcardioplegia electrophysiologic recovery of the heart The hypothesis tested is that the duration of asystolic reperfusion produced by a hyperkalemic reperfusate is a primary determinant for the return of cardiac electrical activity without reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation and that reperfusion with a hypocalcemic-hyperkalemic solution further reduces the prevalence of reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation by limiting myocyte calcium exposure during initial postischemic recovery. Fifty-six pigs were supported by cardiopulmonary bypass and subjected to identical conditions of hypothermic cardioplegic arrest. Reperfusion was initiated with unmodified pump blood, a hypocalcemic-normokalemic cardioplegic solution, a hyperkalemic-normocalcemic cardioplegic solution, or a hyperkalemic-hypocalcemic cardioplegic solution. The hyperkalemic-normocalcemic solution was administered at a dose of 500 ml/m2 or 1500 ml/m2. The hyperkalemic-hypocalcemic and hypocalcemic-normokalemic solutions were given only at a dose of 500 ml/m2. All cardioplegic reperfusion solutions were followed by infusion of unmodified pump blood for the remainder of the 15-minute period of controlled reperfusion. Reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation was less prevalent in the high-dose hyperkalemic solution group (4/12) than in the low-dose hyperkalemic solution (9/10) or unmodified pump blood (12/12) groups (p
Effect of immunological castration management strategy on lipid oxidation and sensory characteristics of bacon stored under simulated food service conditions.

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of 1) immunological castration (Improvest, a gonadotropin releasing factor analog-diphtheria toxoid conjugate) management strategy (age at slaughter and time of slaughter after second dose) and 2) sex on lipid oxidation and sensory characteristics of bacon stored under simulated food service conditions. For Objective 1, immunological castration management strategies included 24-wk-old immunologically castrated (IC) barrows 4, 6, 8, or 10 wk after the second Improvest dose (ASD); 26-wk-old IC barrows 6 wk ASD; and 28-wk-old IC barrows 8 wk ASD ( = 63). Objective 2 ( = 97) included IC barrows, physically castrated (PC) barrows, and gilts slaughtered at 24, 26, and 28 wks of age. Bellies from 2 slaughter dates were manufactured into bacon under commercial conditions. Bacon slices were laid out on parchment paper, packaged in oxygen-permeable poly-vinyl-lined boxes, and frozen (-33°C) for 1, 4, 8, or 12 wk to simulate food service conditions. At the end of each storage period, bacon was evaluated for lipid oxidation, moisture and lipid content, and sensory characteristics. Data from both objectives were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS with belly as the experimental unit. For both objectives, as storage time increased, lipid oxidation of bacon increased ( 0.05). After 12 wk of frozen storage, lipid oxidation values for IC barrows, PC barrows, and gilts were still below 0.5 mg malondialdehyde/kg of meat, the threshold at which trained panelists may deem a food to be rancid. In conclusion, bacon shelf life characteristics were not altered by the immunological castration management strategy and bacon from IC barrows was similar to bacon from gilts. Therefore, bacon from IC barrows would result in shelf life and sensory quality similar to PC barrows and gilts.
Metastatic Lymphoma and Spinal Cord Compression

A 46-year-old black woman has been treated for stage IV diffuse mixed cell lymphoma of the right tonsil with cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin (doxorubicin), Oncovin (vincristine) (CHOP), cyclophosphamide, Oncovin, procarbazine, and prednisone (C-MOPP), 1,3-bis-(2-chlorethyl)-1 -nitrosourea (BCNU), and methotrexate over a period of 11 years. At age 43 and 45 she was irradiated to the left axillary supraclavicular region and to the right axillary-supraclavicular region, respectively. Six months ago (now age 46) she suffered back pain which was treated with chlorambucil (Leukeran) and steroids subsequent to a negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. However, over the last 3 days, the pain has increased. Leg weakness and a high lumbar sensory level and bowel and bladder dysfunction prompted an MRI which showed spinal cord compression at T12-L1, marrow replacement in T12 and a paraspinal mass. While on steroids, which is also aggravating her type II diabetes mellitus, she can wiggle her toes and legs, but she needs a Foley catheter and has not had a bowel movement since her new symptoms appeared. Her back pain is relieved, however, with bed rest and opiates.