cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chile – price band system and safeguard measures relating to certain agricultural products

This paper addresses the dispute brought to the World Trade Organization (WTO) by Argentina concerning certain Chilean measures affecting the importation of wheat, wheat flour, oil seeds, edible vegetable oils and sugar. The complaint by Argentina challenged two types of policies – a ‘price band system’ that was applicable to four of those product categories, and safeguard measures that were applicable to three of them. The WTO panel ruled in favor of Argentina on both sets of measures. It found that the price band system violated Article IV of the Agriculture Agreement and Article II of GATT 1994. The safeguard measures, according to the panel, violated various provisions of the Safeguards Agreement, as well as Article XIX of GATT 1994. Chile elected not to appeal the panel ruling regarding the safeguard measures, but did appeal the adverse finding as to the price band system. The Appellate Body subsequently affirmed in substantial part the finding that the price band system violated Article 4 of the Agriculture Agreement, but reversed the finding of a violation under Article II of GATT 1994. Chile has since indicated an intention to comply with the ruling, and an arbitration pursuant to Article 21.3 of the DSU determined that the reasonable period of time for compliance would expire on December 23, 2003.
A computer-controlled apparatus for laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy in a supersonic jet

Abstract An experimental apparatus for laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectroscopy (FES) and for dispersed fluorescence studies in a supersonic jet has been constructed and optimized for the collection of spectra from weakly fluorescing samples. A detailed description of the hardware and software is presented here.
Optimal modes and levels of integration, and the identification of cross-functional coordination deficiencies in concurrent engineering

In this investigation, it was proposed that achieving a fit between coordination requirements and the institution of optimal modes and levels of integration will result in optimal patterns of information processing, but will not necessarily minimize coordination problems or deficiencies. Data were collected at three time intervals from engineers and scientists working in 24 department of defense project offices and laboratories. Using a content analysis of narrative responses, 16 coordination problems or deficiencies were identified. As expected, the results did not demonstrate that the group of organizations that approached optimal levels of integration exhibited fewer coordination deficiencies than those organizations that exhibited suboptimal levels. Furthermore, the pattern of coordination deficiencies did not decline across time in those organizations that approached optimal levels. These results suggest that in order for research in concurrent engineering to advance, greater focus should be applied to the identification and effective management of coordination problems and deficiencies.
Aortic intramural haematoma: current therapeutic strategy

Over the last 10 years, intramural haematoma (IMH) of the aorta has become increasingly recognised as a pathological entity distinct from aortic dissection.1 Despite this enhanced appreciation and the resultant increase in the frequency of its diagnostic identification, a consensus regarding optimal management strategies for this disease has not been established.2 This is due in part to our incomplete understanding of a condition only first clearly established in the mid 1980s. As opposed to aortic dissection where we have developed a relatively comprehensive knowledge of the more common constellations of anatomic involvement and their clinical outcomes, with IMH we are now only at a stage of correlating insights gleaned from clinical series contributed by investigators from around the world.1–14 Many of theses observations have been presented in the prior discussions. As the profile of clinical factors, imaging findings, acute outcomes, and long term results of various management strategies comes into sharper focus, some patterns are emerging and serve as a basis for establishing the initial standard treatment algorithms for IMH. One of the aspects of IMH, however, that confounds attempts to set indications for intervention, much less precise management techniques, is the wide variety of morphologic appearances of aortic IMH observed with common diagnostic imaging modalities, including transoesophageal echo (TOE) or magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomographic (MRI/CT) scans. Traditionally, IMH refers to haemorrhage contained within the medial layer of the aortic wall, and is distinguished from typical aortic dissection and penetrating atherosclerotic aortic ulcer by the absence of an associated tear in the intima or direct communication between the media and the aortic lumen. Unfortunately, this seemingly straightforward differentiation is not always possible because of the rapid tempo of morphologic evolution noted frequently on sequential imaging exams of patients with IMH. Thus, depending on the exact time …
Choosing between hearts and minds: Children's understanding of moral advisors

Moral development research has often focused on the development of moral reasoning without considering children’s understanding of moral advisors. We investigated how children construe sources of moral advice by examining the characteristics that children deem necessary for reasoning about moral or scientific problems. In two experiments, children in grades K, 2, and 4 were presented with dilemmas of a moral nature or scientific nature and chose between two advisors. Second and fourth graders chose advisors differentially based on their expertise, while kindergartners did not discriminate between advisors. In a third experiment, older children indicated that only certain characteristics are needed to solve moral or scientific problems, and they endorsed these characteristics differentially based on the problem to be solved. Thus, by middle childhood, children construe moral knowledge as distinct from scientific knowledge and select advisors in each area accordingly.
Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple Procedure)

Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the treatment of choice of pancreas head lesions, and can be performed as a pylorus-sparing or standard (pylorus resecting) operation. This complex operation is fraught with a high rate of complications, and mortality increases in lower-volume hospitals and is best performed by an experienced team.
Spatiotemporal analysis of the appearance of gamma-band Microstates in resting state MEG

Spatiotemporal analysis of EEG signal has revealed a rich set of methods to quantify neuronal activity using spatially global topographic templates, called Microstates. These methods complement more traditional spectral analysis, which uses band limited source data to determine defining differences in band power and peak characteristics. The high sampling rate and increased resistance to high frequency noise of MEG data offers an opportunity to explore the utility of spatiotemporal analysis over a wider spectrum than in EEG. In this work, we explore the utility of representing band limited MEG source data using established microstate techniques, especially in gamma frequency bands - a range yet unexplored using these techniques. We develop methods for gauging the goodness-offit achieved by resultant microstate templates and demonstrate sensor-level dispersion characteristics across wide-band signals as well as across signals filtered by canonical bands. These analyses reveal that, while high-frequency-band derived microstate templates are visually lawful, they fail to exhibit important explained variance and dispersion characteristics present in low- and full- band data necessary to meet the requirements of a microstate model.
Processing Ease and Rubber—Carbon-Black Interaction

Two samples of poly(ethyl acrylate) rubber, different in their mill processability and their manner of accepting carbon black were examined. This is a case history of how we differentiated rheological behavior of gum elastomers and how we characterized the rubber-carbon-black interaction in the compound
On lysinglycyl obtained in the tryptic digestion of egg albumen

In the process employed by the writers a year ago for preparing the peptid prolinglycyl, a substance was produced from egg albumen, which on further cleavage yielded only lysin and glycocoll. The substance could not be crystallized. It is a noteworthy fact that peptids of the hexon bases obtained by Fischer and Suzuki synthetically also failed to crystallize.
Measuring the Size, Scope, and Location of Civil Society Organizations in Johannesburg's Food System

Food security civil society organizations (FSCSOs) are key institutional players in the Global South, yet researchers have not adequately examined their size, scope, or location within urban areas. To fill this gap, this article analyzes Johannesburg's FSCSOs using quantitative survey data and spatial analysis. Data findings suggest that FSCSOs’ resources are unevenly distributed across Johannesburg, with larger, privately resourced FSCSOs located in white suburbs and smaller, unstable, turnover-prone FSCSOs located in black townships and informal settlements. Overall, these data suggest that the city's network of FSCSOs is spatially polarized and weakest in areas where food insecurity is the greatest.
Grain Size and Parameter Recovery with TIMSS and the General Diagnostic Model

The purpose of this study was to explore the degree of grain size of the attributes and the sample sizes that can support accurate parameter recovery with the General Diagnostic Model (GDM) for a large-scale international assessment. In this resampling study, bootstrap samples were obtained from the 2003 Grade 8 TIMSS in Mathematics at varying sample sizes from 500 to 4000 and grain sizes of the attributes from a unidimensional model to one with ten attributes. The results showed that the eight-attribute model was the one most consistently identified as best fitting. Parameter estimation for more than ten attributes and samples less than 500 failed. Furthermore, the precision of item parameter recovery decreased as the number of attributes measured by an item increased and sample size decreased. On the other hand, the distributions of latent classes were relatively stable across all models and sample sizes.
Application of EBSD Technology in Recrystallization Research on IF Steel

The recrystallization and nucleation processes of cold-rolled IF steel sheet were investigated using the EBSD technique.The specimens were first annealed at the initial recrystallization temperature to acquire the partial recrystallization microstructure,and then were ground and electrolytic polished to perform the EBSD testing.The recrystallization nucleation processes of annealed specimens were analyzed utilizing the EBSD technique,and a new EBSD method for studying the recrystallization nucleation law of metal materials was proposed.
Systemic Complications of Cyanosis in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease: Hematologic Derangements, Renal Function, and Urate Metabolism

The regulation of red cell mass, the hemostatic derangements, the structure and function of the kidneys and the determinants of plasma urate levels are important concerns in the clinical management of adults with cyanotic congenital heart disease. Because these topics are interrelated, they are discussed together in terms of pathogenesis, clinical expression, and management.
High-volume practice: are there trade-offs?

The article, part of a series based on research from the Direct Observation of Primary Care Study, will the effects of high-volume practice on patient care.
Fantasy and Reality Revisited: Gaming, Fiat Power, and Anti-Utopianism.

This essay argues that Katsulas, et al have conducted inadequate research into my positions on fiat power and gaming, that they have misrepresented my positions on these issues, that their approach...
The use of porcine xenografts in patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis

Abstract Introduction Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) can be challenging to treat due to pain with wound care and ongoing fluid loss. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of porcine xenograft as a modality for wound coverage. Material and Methods A retrospective review from 2006 to 2014 was performed at a regional burn center on all patients admitted with the diagnosis of SJS ( 30% TBSA involvement). Patients who received porcine xenograft had physiologic and biochemical parameters compared in the 24 h before and after graft placement. In addition, xenograft patients were compared to historical controls that received traditional wound care which included silver impregnated dressings. Outcomes and variables collected included intravenous fluid given, urine output, pain scores (1–10), pain medication for wound care, biochemical markers, skin infections, hospital length of stay, and mortality. Results Eight patients had placement of a porcine xenograft. Median age was 50 years (IQR 41, 66) and 2 were male. Median % TBSA affected was 76 (IQR 64, 80). The median amount of fluid (ml/kg/day/%TBSA) administered decreased from 1.45 (IQR 1.03, 1.78) to 0.9 (IQR 0.65, 1.08) after xenograft placement (p = 0.02). The median amount of intravenous fluid (ml/kg/day/%TBSA) administered in the treatment group and historical control group was 0.9 (IQR 0.65, 1.08) and 0.8 (IQR 0.7, 1.47) respectively (p = 0.72). The median amount of urine output (ml/kg/day) in the treatment group and historical control group was 34.2 (IQR 22, 44.38) and 22 (IQR 11.25, 38.13) respectively (p = 0.17). Pain scores significantly decreased from 5.5 (IQR 2.5, 8.25) pre-xenograft to 2.8 (IQR 0.75, 4) post-xenograft placement (p = 0.03). There was a significant difference in pain scores between the treatment group and historical control group, 2.8 (IQR 0.75, 4) and 6 (IQR 5, 8) respectively (p = 0.02). Each study patient underwent moderate sedation for wound care prior to xenograft placement and one study patient required one moderate sedation for wound care after xenograft placement. One patient in the xenograft placement group was diagnosed with a cutaneous infection compared to 4 patients in the historical control group (p = 0.63). The mortality was 12.5% in each group. Conclusions Placement of a porcine xenograft in patients with SJS, SJS/TEN overlap, or TEN is associated with a significant reduction in intravenous fluid use, pain scores, and pain medication. Further study with larger sample sizes is warranted to evaluate for statistically significant differences in outcomes after porcine xenograft placement for SJS, SJS/TEN overlap or TEN.
Symposium on Scientific Explanation in Political Science: Deduction, Explanation, and Social Scientific Inquiry

The purpose here is to explore certain aspects of the philosophy of science which have serious implications both for the practice of social and political science and for understanding that practice. The current relationship between social science and the philosophy of science (or the philosophy of the social sciences) is a curious one. Despite the emergence of a considerable body of literature in philosophy which is pertinent to the methodological problems of social science, there has been a lack of osteusive ties between the two areas. A justified concern with the independence of social scientific research has contributed to a tendency toward isolation which is unfortunate in view of the proliferation of philosophical problems which necessarily attends the rapid expansion of any empirical discipline. Although in the literature of contemporary social science there are frequent references to certain works in the philosophy of science and to philosophical issues relating to methodology, these are most often in the context of bald pronouncements and shibboleths relating to the nature of science, its goals, and the character of its reasoning. But what is most disturbing about the fact that social scientists have little direct and thorough acquaintance with the philosophy of science is not merely that there has been a failure to carefully examine the many logical and epistemological assumptions which are implicit in social scientific inquiry, since this task might normally and properly be considered to be within the province of the philospher of science.
Management of the ACC/AHA Stage D Patient Mechanical Circulatory Support

From humble beginnings in 1963 with a single desperately ill patient, mechanical circulatory support has expanded exponentially to where it is a viable alternative for advanced heart failure patients. Some of these patients are awaiting transplant but others will have a mechanical heart pump as their ultimate treatment. The history of MCS devices is reviewed, along with the 4 trials that define the modern era of circulatory support. The practical aspects of life with an MCS device are reviewed and common problems encountered with MCS devices. Future trends including miniaturization and development of completely contained MCS systems are reviewed.
Immunomodulation by Small Molecular Weight Bacterial Products

Bacteria are widely recognized for their ability to modulate the immune response as well as stimulate natural defense mechanisms in a nonspecific manner (1, 2). There are many bacterial products which have been investigated in detail concerning their effects on host immunity. In this regard endotoxins derived from gram negative bacteria have been studied in much detail. There are a vast number of biological properties attributed to endotoxin, but their unique capacity to stimulate both immunologically specific and nonspecific host defense mechanisms is unquestionably an important property. In recent years many investigations have been concerned with the mechanisms whereby bacterial products, including the endotoxins, influence the immune response (1, 2). It is now apparent that many microbial cell wall components, including endotoxins, are potent stimulators of interleukin formation by macrophages and/or other lymphoid cells (3, 4). These interleukins undoubtedly serve an important role in modulating the immune response of other lymphoid cells.
The overlap of sleep disturbance and depression in primary care patients treated with buprenorphine

ABSTRACTBackground: Sleep disturbance is common among patients receiving long-term opioid therapies, such as methadone maintenance. However, little is known about sleep disturbances in patients receiving medication treatment with buprenorphine. We sought to determine the frequency of subjective sleep disturbance in a sample of patients receiving medication treatment and to examine clinical factors related to sleep disturbance. Methods: Participants were 328 persons receiving buprenorphine at 3 primary care sites. Sleep difficulty was assessed 2 questions adapted from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) item assessing sleep. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD)-10 and PHQ-2. In addition, information was gathered on participant demographics and treatment characteristics. Demographics, buprenorphine treatment history, and depressive symptoms were compared for those with and without self-reported sleep difficulty. Logistic regression was u...
Evaluation of the Selectivity and Cysteine Dependence of Inhibitors across the Regulator of G Protein-Signaling Family.

Since their discovery more than 20 years ago, regulators of G protein–signaling (RGS) proteins have received considerable attention as potential drug targets because of their ability to modulate Gα activity. Efforts to identify small molecules capable of inhibiting the protein-protein interactions between activated Gα subunits and RGS proteins have yielded a substantial number of inhibitors, especially toward the well studied RGS4. These efforts also determined that many of these small molecules inhibit the protein-protein interactions through covalent modification of cysteine residues within the RGS domain that are located distal to the Gα-binding interface. As some of these cysteine residues are highly conserved within the RGS family, many of these inhibitors display activity toward multiple RGS family members. In this work, we sought to determine the selectivity of these small-molecule inhibitors against 12 RGS proteins, as well as against the cysteine-null mutants for 10 of these proteins. Using both biochemical and cell-based methods to assess Gα-RGS complex formation and Gα enzymatic activity, we found that several previously identified RGS4 inhibitors were active against other RGS members, such as RGS14, with comparable or greater potency. Additionally, for every compound tested, activity was dependent on the presence of cysteine residues. This work defines the selectivity of commercially available RGS inhibitors and provides insight into the RGS family members for which drug discovery efforts may be most likely to succeed.
The Development Perspective on Vulnerability

Emergency managers, first responders, and others active in disasters are becoming more proactive in trying to prevent disasters and minimize their negative consequences. The recent reemergence of vulnerability theory is a happy coincidence with this shift in practitioner orientation because vulnerability theory reaches deep into social structure and offers a variety of potentially helpful interventions. As discussed in Chap. 2, disaster vulnerability researchers have focused on combinations of environmental liabilities and capabilities that influence a community’s susceptibility to disaster as well as its resilience in the face of disaster. One stream of research currently being pursued studies vulnerability through a social development focus. In this chapter we describe the development perspective, present some of the key findings produced through it, and discuss its importance to vulnerability theory. A second stream of vulnerability research is focusing on the processes of resilience. In Chap. 4 we describe the resilience perspective and relevant findings.
Cholesterol crystals impede nerve repair

Damage to the myelin sheath that surrounds nerve axons represents the pathological hallmark of the neurological disorder multiple sclerosis (MS) and is thought to contribute to a number of other nervous system maladies ( 1 ). Remyelination, a regenerative process that forms new myelin sheaths around demyelinated axons, restores nerve function and reverses the clinical manifestations associated with demyelination ( 2 ). Although remyelination occurs efficiently in young individuals, this restorative process proceeds less well with age ( 2 ). Inefficient remyelination results in axonal loss and progressive worsening of neurological symptoms. On page 684 of this issue, Cantuti-Castelvetri et al. ( 3 ) report that insufficient clearance (phagocytosis) of damaged myelin by aged macrophages results in the accumulation of cholesterol crystals in these cells, which elicits a maladaptive inflammatory response that is associated with impaired remyelination. Understanding this process may reveal new therapeutic opportunities for MS and other demyelinating disorders.
Massively parallel sequencing analysis of mucinous ovarian carcinomas: genomic profiling and differential diagnoses

Abstract Objective Mucinous ovarian cancer (MOC) is a rare type of epithelial ovarian cancer resistant to standard chemotherapy regimens. We sought to characterize the repertoire of somatic mutations in MOCs and to define the contribution of massively parallel sequencing to the classification of tumors diagnosed as primary MOCs. Methods Following gynecologic pathology and chart review, DNA samples obtained from primary MOCs and matched normal tissues/blood were subjected to whole-exome (n = 9) or massively parallel sequencing targeting 341 cancer genes (n = 15). Immunohistochemical analysis of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, PTEN, ARID1A/BAF250a, and the DNA mismatch (MMR) proteins MSH6 and PMS2 was performed for all cases. Mutational frequencies of MOCs were compared to those of high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOCs) and mucinous tumors from other sites. Results MOCs were heterogeneous at the genetic level, frequently harboring TP53 (75%) mutations, KRAS (71%) mutations and/or CDKN2A/B homozygous deletions/mutations (33%). Although established criteria for diagnosis were employed, four cases harbored mutational and immunohistochemical profiles similar to those of endometrioid carcinomas, and one case for colorectal or endometrioid carcinoma. Significant differences in the frequencies of KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, FBXW7, PIK3CA and/or APC mutations between the confirmed primary MOCs (n = 19) and HGSOCs, mucinous gastric and/or mucinous colorectal carcinomas were found, whereas no differences in the 341 genes studied between MOCs and mucinous pancreatic carcinomas were identified. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the assessment of mutations affecting TP53, KRAS, PIK3CA, ARID1A and POLE, and DNA MMR protein expression may be used to further aid the diagnosis and treatment decision-making of primary MOC.
Virtual Reality as a Clinical Tool for Pain Management

To evaluate the use of virtual reality (VR) therapies as a clinical tool for the management of acute and chronic pain. Recent articles support the hypothesis that VR therapies can effectively distract patients who suffer from chronic pain and from acute pain stimulated in trials. Clinical studies yield promising results in the application of VR therapies to a variety of acute and chronic pain conditions, including fibromyalgia, phantom limb pain, and regional specific pain from past injuries and illnesses. Current management techniques for acute and chronic pain, such as opioids and physical therapy, are often incomplete or ineffective. VR trials demonstrate a potential to redefine the approach to treating acute and chronic pain in the clinical setting. Patient immersion in interactive virtual reality provides distraction from painful stimuli and can decrease an individual’s perception of the pain. In this review, we discuss the use of VR to provide patient distraction from acute pain induced from electrical, thermal, and pressure conditions. We also discuss the application of VR technologies to treat various chronic pain conditions in both outpatient and inpatient settings.
Democratizing content publication with coral

CoralCDN is a peer-to-peer content distribution network that allows a user to run a web site that offers high performance and meets huge demand, all for the price of a cheap broadband Internet connection. Volunteer sites that run CoralCDN automatically replicate content as a side effect of users accessing it. Publishing through CoralCDN is as simple as making a small change to the hostname in an object's URL; a peer-to-peer DNS layer transparently redirects browsers to nearby participating cache nodes, which in turn cooperate to minimize load on the origin web server. One of the system's key goals is to avoid creating hot spots that might dissuade volunteers and hurt performance. It achieves this through Coral, a latency-optimized hierarchical indexing infrastructure based on a novel abstraction called a distributed sloppy hash table, or DSHT.
Desinfestation of Fresh Horticultural Commodities by Using Hot Forced Air with Controlled Atmospheres

There is a continuous decrease in the supply of methyl bromide, and as a result its cost is going up. The cost of methyl bromide increased by 75% from 2000 to 2001 and is expected to increase by 60 to 70% each year for the next 4 years (Pest Fog Sales Corporation, Pers. Com, G. T. Nakagawa, pers. Com.). As we near 2005, the cost of methyl bromide is expected to cost from $4,325 to $5,512 per 100 lb tank (60%–70% increase/yr). Even if the energy prices quadruple, the costs of CATTS treatments would still be more cost effective than methyl bromide fumigation. It is highly unlikely that any nation would be able to afford methyl bromide fumigation as a means to meet quarantine requirements of importing countries. It therefore becomes increasingly more urgent to develop alternative methods for meeting quarantine standards to maintain current export markets. CATTS is one method that is ready for large-scale demonstration and commercial application as a viable alternative treatment.
Risk of Colorectal Polyps and Malignancies Among Predominantly Rural Hispanics

Colorectal cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer. However, due to variations in diet, it was hypothesized that risk of adenomatous or hyperplastic polyps or malignancies would be lower among Hispanics. Participants (n = 1671) underwent a colonoscopy. Results were grouped into one of four groups: normal, hyperplastic polyps only, adenomatous polyps, and malignancies. As expected, Hispanics had a lower risk of hyperplastic (p = .031, OR = 0.47) and adenomatous polyps (p = .031, OR = 0.66) than non-Hispanic Whites. Comparison between malignancies was not possible as no Hispanics had a malignancy. Contrary to expectations, risk of hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps and malignancies were no different between non-Hispanic Blacks and Whites. Among rural and mostly rural populations, Hispanics had a lower risk of hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps.
Imaging, Visualization, and Computation in Developmental Biology

Embryonic development is highly complex and dynamic, requiring the coordination of numerous molecular and cellular events at precise times and places. Advances in imaging technology have made it po...
Staff Safety during Pediatric Interfacility Ambulance Transport

Purpose: Despite regulations mandating seat belt use during ambulance transport, personnel transporting critically ill children may need to stand to get equipment/medications or perform patient care, risking injury in the event of a crash. We hypothesized that use of wall-mounted modular storage pouches in the ambulance would increase the time transport staff remained seated and seat-belted, thus optimizing safety. Methods: During a prospective study, we installed wall-mounted, easily accessible modular …
Protesta social y derecho: una tensión irresoluble

espanolResumen:Este articulo analiza la tension producida por el encuentro entre constitucionalismo y protesta social y como esta tension se manifiesta al problematizar la reciente doctrina del derecho a la protesta social. Los autores sostienen que existe una distancia irreductible entre estos fenomenos, pues dado que la protesta opera fuera del ambito de la normatividad, el Derecho parece insuficiente para procesar la protesta social como fenomeno socio-politico. Para ilustrar lo anterior, expondra la insuficiencia de la libertad de expresion como piedra angular de la protesta social y se examinaran las tensiones entre lo individual y colectivo que implican los actos de protesta social. EnglishAbstract:This paper analyses the tension produced by the encounter between constitutionalism and social protest, and how this tension appears upon problematizing the recent doctrine of social protest. Authors acknowledge an irreducible distance between these two phenomenons, due to the fact that social protest exists outside of the borders of legal normativity, hence, the legal system appears insufficient to process social protest as a socio-political phenomenon. In order to illustrate this main argument, it will expose the frailty of free speech clause as a cornerstone for social protest, as well as the tensions between both the individual and collective elements that constitute acts of social protest.
Exploring racial disparity in perioperative outcomes following revisional bariatric surgery: A case-control matched analysis.

Abstract Introduction Bariatric surgery is associated with 20–30% weight recidivism. As a result, revisional bariatric operation is increasingly performed. Disparity in bariatric outcomes remains controversial and very little is known about revisional bariatric surgery outcomes in ethnic cohorts. Methods Revisional bariatric cases were identified from the 2015 and 2016 Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program Participant Use Data File. 1:1 case-control matching was performed and perioperative outcomes compared between racial cohorts. Results 24,197 cases were analyzed, including 20.78% Black patients. At baseline, there were differences in demographics and pre-existing conditions between racial cohorts. Matched analysis compared 7,286 Black and White patients. Operative duration (p = 0.008) and length of stay (p = 0.0003) were longer in Black patients. Readmission (6.8% vs. 5.4%, p = 0.009) was higher in Black patients. Bleeding (0.82% vs. 0.38%, p = 0.02) and surgical site infection (SSI) (2.6% vs. 1.8%, p = 0.01) were higher in White patients. Conclusion Revisional bariatric surgery is safe. Apart from a higher rate of bleeding, SSI and readmission, outcomes were not mediated by race.
Does turnover destination matter? Differentiating antecedents of occupational change versus organizational change

Abstract In this study, we seek to understand why some employees decide to leave organizations to change occupations instead of either changing organizations while staying in the same occupation or staying in the same job at the same organization. Moving beyond the existing focus on antecedents of occupational commitment and occupation withdrawal intentions, we employ an occupational embeddedness framework to examine five occupational factors as potential drivers of occupational change. Using a large dataset of 3201 professionals, our results indicate that several factors underlying the overarching concept of occupational embeddedness (e.g., wage level, non-core job duties, occupational investment, and moonlighting) were related to individuals' likelihood of changing occupations compared to changing organizations within the same occupation or staying at the same organization. Our findings suggest that specific turnover destination may be important to understanding why people leave jobs. We discuss the theoretical implications of our findings, along with practical implications at the occupational, organizational, and individual levels regarding how occupational turnover may be prevented.
Wrestling with the devil: a prison memoir: by Ngugi wa Thiong’o, New York, The New Press, 2018, 180 pp., e-book, $12.25, ISBN 978-1-62097-334-9.

Ngugi wa’ Thiongo is one of Kenya’s pre-eminent writers. Known for Devil on the cross, first published in 1980, and writing in his native Gikuyu, wa’ Thiongo was arrested in 1977 for his part in pr...
A Case Study Evaluating Youth Acceptability of Using the Connect – a Sexuality Education Game-Based Learning Program

Game-based learning offers an interactive and effective way to teach health content and skills. This article discusses feasibility testing of Using the Connect (UTC), an innovative, game-based sexu...
Disparities in Health Care Delivery Systems

Racial disparities in health care systems exist in all phases of health care delivery. The Affordable Care Act has been unable to completely mitigate disparities in health care as the root cause (ie, socioeconomic inequality) remains unaddressed. Uninsured status, lack of transportation, high costs, health literacy, provider unavailability, lack of trust in the health system, and implicit bias block minority populations from obtaining deserved quality care. With the COVID-19 crisis, increased sensitivity and development of innovative approaches to provide accessibly and quality health care are necessary.
Transforming our public art collections : preventative conservation in an African context : museums and collections

Changes in the acquisition policy of Iziko South African National Gallery, as early as 1990 due to the process of transformation, have had serious repercussions for our collections. New methods of storage, documentation, care and conservation have been implemented to deal with the inclusion of a new genre - the art of southern and continental African peoples in extremely fragile media. Transformation presented the opportunity for staff to participate in a year-long ICROM course in Preventive Conservation for African Museums at the University of Accra, Ghana in 1995. Back home in South Africa, a bold new venture, The Safe House Project, was initiated to document, support and conserve these new collections of African art objects. Innovative methods using low-budget solutions were applied to conserve and store our collection in line with international museological standards of excellence. This paper will present a case study of the challenges for our collections brought about by transformation, and the attempts of Iziko Art Division to address them.
On Blue Dye

§ 379 (a). One and one-half lod of alkali fixum is boiled with 3/4 lod unslaked lime in 1 quart of water, until it boils away 1/3, after which it is allowed to settle and the clear portion decanted off. To the residue is added 1/2 quart of water, which is boiled until 1/3 of it vaporizes, it is allowed to settle and finally the clear portion is poured off.
Elicitation of Organized Pigmentation Patterns by a Chalcone Synthase Transgene

The problems of determination and elaboration of developmental patterns are more accessible in the case of visible patterns such as anthocyanin pigmentation patterns. Anthocyanin pigments offer the added advantage that they are completely dispensible in plant growth and development, which means that manipulation of anthocyanin pigmentation patterns generally has no deleterious or pleiotropic effects on the plant. Furthermore, many anthocyanin genes are known to act cell autonomously, so patterns of expression can visualized on a cell by cell basis. Coen et al. (1988) have discussed the basic principles behind flower color patterns with emphasis on Antirrhinum majus. Here I will focus on flower color patterns in Petunia hybrida and explain how the use of transgenes to manipulate patterns provides a tool with the potential to improve our understanding of how patterns are determined and elaborated.
Infection par Helicobacter pylori chez l'enfant

La prevalence de l'infection parHelicobacter pylori est tres eleveec dans les pays en voie de developpement ou l'infection primaire est acquise des l'enfance. Elle peut jouer un role comme facteur aggravant de la malnutrition. Son incidence durant l'enfance decroit dans les pays industrialises. Chez l'enfant, les ulceres peptiques sont rares alors que la gastrite chronique est plus repandue. Un aspect endoscopique micronodulaire typique de l'antre est frequemment observe, de meme que des follicules lymphoides, souvent observes chez l'enfant. Les autres caracteristiques comprennent une reponse serologique faible, probablement due a une immaturite immunologique. La symptomatologie est changeante et dans de nombreux cas peut etre silencieuse alors que chez les jeunes enfants, elle peut etre presente avec des vomissements et meme de la diarrhee. Le test non invasif a l'uree13C est particulierement indique chez l'enfant et a ete simplifie et valide en tant qu'outil diagnostique fiable. L'apparition de souches resistantes est un veritable probleme surtout en Afrique. Bien que le traitement n'ait pas encore ete standardise, la tritherapie comprenant les inhibiteurs de la pompe a protons est recommandee mais des etudes controlees, encore rares dans ce groupe d'âge, sont necessaires.
Presence of a Vanadium Nitrogenase in Azotobacter paspali

There have been no previous studies on the genetics of Azotobacter paspali, an aerobic bacterium which forms a highly specific diazotrophic association with Bahia grass (Paspalum notatum). We constructed A. paspali strains defective in the molybdenum nitrogenase so that alternative N2ases could be studied. The cosmid vector pTBE and genomic DNA fragments (∼50 kb) of A. paspali ATCC 23367 were used to construct a gene library in Escherichia coli. Recombinant cosmids containing sequences homologous to molybdenum nitrogenase nifDK structural genes were identified by hybridization. A 2.9-kb fragment bearing the putative nifDK genes of A. paspali was subcloned and mutagenized in vitro by the insertion of a kanamycin resistance gene cassette. The mutation was recombined into the chromosome of A. paspali with the suicide vector pCU101. One resultant mutant strain, AP2, was incapable of diazotrophic growth in a molybdenum-containing medium (Nif-) without vanadium but grew well in a molybdenum-deficient medium with vanadium. The nitrogenase system in AP2 reduced acetylene to ethylene and produced ethane as 2.4% of the total products. Molybdenum levels as low as 10 nM prevented the diazotrophic growth of AP2, even in the presence of vanadium at levels up to 10 μM. These results are consistent with the existence of a vanadium nitrogenase system in A. paspali.
Parent Training with Low-Income Families

Children from certain types of families are at particularly high risk for developing conduct disorders (CD): namely, families characterized by factors such as low income, low educational level, high levels of stress, single-parent status, lack of support, and a history of ongoing depression, criminal activity, substance abuse, or psychiatric illness (Farrington, 1992). Children whose parents’ discipline approaches are inconsistent and erratic and who are physically abusive, highly critical, or lacking in warmth (Patterson, Capaldi, & Bank, 1991; Patterson, Stouthammer-Loeber, 1984; Reid, Taplin, & Loeber, 1981) are also at high risk for conduct disorder, as are children whose parents are disengaged from their children’s school experiences and provide little instruction for prosocial behavior (for review, see Webster-Stratton, 1990). Moreover, the risk of a child developing conduct disorders seems to increase exponentially with the child’s exposure to each additional risk factor (Coie et al., 1993; Rutter, 1980).
Data-retention flip-flops for power-down applications

A novel technique for retaining data in flip-flops in power-down applications is presented. In flip-flops data is stored in cross-coupled inverters. Cross-coupled inverters can hold their states in the power down mode, if their inputs are properly gated. Based on this fact, simple clock and data gating circuitries are employed in flip-flops to retain their data in the power-down mode without using any extra data-preserving latches. In a predictive 70 nm technology node, a transmission-gate flip-flop based on the proposed data-retention scheme exhibits 18X reduction in standby leakage compared to a conventional transmission-gate flip-flop. The proposed data-retention scheme also exhibits 40% area reduction compared to the conventional balloon scheme. A 16-bit shift-register using data-retention flip-flops has been successfully fabricated and tested in a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS process.
Managing Performance Expectations of Industrial Symbiosis

Firms collaborate on environmental management issues for number of reasons, including cost reduction, risk sharing and managing competition. Industrial symbiosis represents a voluntary collaborative approach among firms in geographic proximity. Companies participating in industrial symbiosis have been found to improve their individual economic and environmental performance, while the regions where they are located are thought to benefit through enhanced environmental quality. However, too few studies have actually investigated whether this is always the case. This paper considers a single case on the island of Puerto Rico, where several firms in a predominantly pharmaceutical manufacturing cluster participated in symbiosis initiatives for several decades. It examines whether early stage symbiotic activities, specifically a shared utility, met technical performance and community expectations for improved environmental quality. Results suggest that collaboration does not necessarily lead to expected environmental performance goals. The paper details the circumstances that led to under-performance of the initiative and the lessons for symbiosis projects in general. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Measurement of kinetically resolved vesicular dopamine uptake and efflux using rotating disk electrode voltammetry.

Abstract The vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT-2) sequesters cytoplasmic dopamine (DA) into vesicles for storage and subsequent release. VMAT-2 activity has traditionally been measured in small synaptic vesicles isolated from rat striatum by monitoring [3H] DA uptake and in cellular expression systems using fast scan cyclic voltammetry. This is the first report using rotating disk electrode (RDE) voltammetry to measure VMAT-2 DA uptake and efflux in small synaptic vesicles. DA uptake profiles followed mixed order kinetics with apparent zero order kinetics for the first 25 s and apparent first order kinetics thereafter. Vesicular DA uptake was temperature- and ATP-dependent and was blocked by the VMAT-2 inhibitor tetrabenazine. Initial velocities of DA uptake were kinetically resolved and displayed Michaelis–Menten kinetics with a Km and Vmax of 289 ± 59 nM and 1.9 ± 0.2 fmol/(s μg protein), respectively. Methamphetamine-induced DA efflux was blocked by tetrabenazine and kinetically resolved with an initial velocity of 0.54 ± 0.08 fmol/(s μg protein). These results suggest that RDE voltammetry can be used to make kinetically resolved measurements of vesicular DA uptake and efflux and will allow the design of experiments that could reveal important information about the kinetics of VMAT-2 activity and its inhibition.
Econometrics of Income Distribution: Toward More Comprehensive Specification of Institutional Correlates

Econometric studies of income distribution that include institutional determinants suffer from specification bias—economists do not consider a more complete ensemble of factors that possibly influence equality. While there is no “true” specification, panel and time-series regressions indicate a comparatively robust positive relationship between fiscal federalism and equitable income distribution. Surprisingly, no compelling evidence suggests any correlation with regime-type, labor organization or “Left” government partisanship. Also, among common economic determinants, these results contradict Kuznet's thesis and the hypothesis regarding population growth. Less consistent evidence confirms enduring views regarding government spending and openness to international trade.