cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immunocytochemical analysis of prolactin production by monolayer cultures of GH3 rat anterior pituitary tumor cells: II. Variation in prolactin content of individual cell colonies, and dynamics of stimulation with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).

The preceeding report (Hoyt and Tashjian, '80) correlates immunocytochemical localizations and mean prolactin concentrations in GH3 monolayers maximally stimulated with TRH; the present does so over the duration of TRH treatment. Low density seeding produced numerous discrete GH3 cell colonies. Cultures were harvested ½, 4, 12, 24, 72, and 144 hr after administration of TRH (50 ng/ml) or saline (control). All cells (42,658 total) in at least 10 microscopic fields/monolayer, 1 cell colony/field, were classed as unstained, heavily (H), moderately (M), or weakly (W) stained for prolactin. In controls, colonies contained 51-91 prolactin-positive cells/100 of population. Colonies with few positive cells had many more W than M cells, and the reverse was true in those with many positive cells. In all colonies, the effect of TRH was biphasic. Initial (0-4 hr) release of prolactin was overlapped, beginning at 3-4 hr, by a progressive increase of intracellular hormone. After 144 hr, the prolactin content of treated cultures had increased to 190% of control, and prolactin-positive cells were more numerous (114% of control). These increases were lower than those reported in the preceeding paper after 48 hr of TRH treatment, when intracellular prolactin equalled 450% of control and positive cells equalled 129% of control. These inconsistencies reflect differences in the control level of prolactin production rather than in the absolute effects of TRH, which were virtually identical in the successive experiments. We conclude that: (1) TRH acts to alter hormone production in cells already making prolactin; (2) TRH increases somewhat the number of prolactin-containing cells; (3) the relative contribution of such “new” cells to increased hormone output depends on the basal level of prolactin production, which differs among individual GH3 cell colonies and varies over time in culture. This diversity does not diminish the usefulness of GH3 cells as biochemical models of hormone biosynthesis. It does hinder their valid morphological evaluation, which apparently must be controlled as carefully as biochemical experiments and should include immunocytochemical localizations, at least for the hormone at issue.
Evaluation of the ISO J initiation procedure using the EURO fracture toughness data set

The multiple specimen J 0.2/BL initiation fracture toughness test procedure from the ISO standard, ISO 12135:2002, is evaluated using the EURO fracture toughness data set. This standard is also compared with the ASTM standard, ASTM E 1820, multiple specimen J Ic procedure. The EURO round robin data set was generated to evaluate the transition fracture toughness methods for steels. However, many of the tests resulted in ductile fracture behavior giving final J versus ductile crack extension points. This is the information that is measured in a multiple specimen J initiation fracture toughness test. The data set has more than 300 individual points of J versus crack extension with four different specimen sizes. It may be the largest data set of that type produced for one material. Therefore, its use to determine J initiation values can provide an important evaluation of the standard procedures. The results showed that a J 0.2/BL value could be determined from the ISO standard for three of the four specimen sizes, the smallest size did not meet the specimen size requirement on J. The construction line slopes in this method are very steep compared with the ASTM construction line slopes. This resulted in low J initiation values, about a factor of two lower than the one from the ASTM method. Of the various criteria imposed to determine a valid J 0.2/BL value, the one limiting the maximum J value was the most questionable. It had an effect of eliminating small specimen data that was identical to acceptable large specimen data.
CENTIMETER-WAVE RADIO AND X-RAY EMISSION FROM THE SUN*

The generation of solar radio waves on centimeter wavelengths appears to be closely associated with the production of X-rays during both quiet and disturbed periods of the Sun. The theory of solar X-rays shows that the temperature of the corona as deduced, among other methods, from radio observations can adequately account for the quiet X-radiation from the Sun. The dense hot regions (sources of slowly varying component on centimeter and decimeter waves) can be identified with the localized regions of X-radiation of increased intensity and of higher quantum energy and are consequently the sources of slowly varying X-radiation. Both the quiet and the slowly varying radio and X-ray emissions can be explained by thermal Bremsstrahlung mechanism. During solar flares bursts of centimeter-wave radio emission and X-rays of high and low energy occur simultaneously. The high energy X-ray bursts are due to non-thermal Bremsstrahlung, while the associated cm-2 radio bursts can be due to synchrotron radiation of the high-energy electrons. In this review, we shall discuss the various relationships existing between solar radio emission and X-radiation.
Effect of PGF2α on progesterone secretion and adenylate cyclase activity in ovine luteal tissue

Abstract Ovine luteal slices were used to study the effects of prostaglandins (PG) F2α on luteinizing hormone (LH)-stimulated secretion of progesterone and adenylate cyclase activity. The accumulation of progesterone in incubation medium and adenylate cyclase activity was similar after incubation of luteal slices with Medium 199 alone or Medium 199 containing PGF2α (250 ng/ml) for 3 hr. Addition of luteinizing hormone (LH; 100 ng/ml) resulted in a 2–3 fold increase in both the rate of progesterone accumulation and adenylate eyclase activity by 3 hr. When luteal slices were incubated in the presence of both LH and PGF2α the rates of progesterone accumulation and adenylate cyclase activity were identical to those in flasks containing LH alone after 1 hr; however, after 3 hr both LH stimulated progesterone accumulation and adenylate cyclase activity were inhibited to levels similar to those observed in control slices. In a second experiment, after 60–120 min of exposure to PGF2α the rate of progesterone accumulation in the medium was not different from that in untreated control slices. In addition, after this experiment the luteal slices were homogenized and the basal, sodium fluoride, LH, isoproterenol (ISO) and PGE2 sensitive adenylate cyclase activities were determined to evaluate the hormonal specificity of the negative effect of the pretreatment with PGF2α. Both LH and ISO stimulated adenylate cyclase activities were reduced after PGF2α pretreatment. However, fluoride ion stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was not significantly effected by PGF2α pretreatment and PGE2 sensitive adenylate cyclase was effected only slightly.
Primary Care Medical Provider Attitudes Regarding Mental Health and Behavioral Medicine in Integrated and Non-integrated Primary Care Practice Settings

Primary care medical providers (PCPs) have become de facto providers of services for the management of both mental and chronic illnesses. Although some reports suggest that PCPs favor having Behavioral Health colleagues provide behavioral health services in primary care, others demonstrate this view is necessarily not universal. We examined attitudes regarding behavioral health services among PCPs in practices that offer such services via onsite behavioral health providers (n = 31) and those that do not (n = 62). We compared referral rates and perceived need for and helpfulness of behavioral health colleagues in treating mental health/behavioral medicine issues. In both samples, perceived need was variable (5–100%), as were PCPs’ views of their own competence in mental health/behavioral medicine diagnosis and treatment. Interestingly, neither sample rated perceived access to behavioral health providers exceptionally high. Referral rates and views about the helpfulness of behavioral health services, except in relation to depression and anxiety, were lower than expected. These results suggest a need for increased collaboration with and education of PCPs about the roles and skills of behavioral health professionals.
Emotion management skills in sexually maltreated and nonmaltreated girls: a developmental psychopathology perspective.

Research has demonstrated that children who experience familial sexual maltreatment are at risk for developing psychological difficulties characterized by emotional and behavioral dysregulation. Surprisingly, however, little attention has been directed toward identifying processes in emotional development that differ in maltreated and nonmaltreated children. From a developmental psychopathology perspective, the present study examined emotion management skills (i.e., emotional understanding, emotion regulation) in 21 sexually maltreated girls and their nonmaltreated peers to determine how the experience of sexual maltreatment may interfere with normative emotional development. Findings indicated that sexually maltreated girls, in comparison to their nonmaltreated peers, demonstrate lower emotional understanding and decreased ability to regulate their emotions in accordance with cultural expectations. Further, maltreated girls expected less emotional support and more relational conflict from parents in response to sadness displays and from parents and peers in response to anger displays. These findings will be discussed from the functionalist approach to emotional development, emphasizing the importance of social context (e.g., maltreating, nonmaltreating) in the development of children's emotion management skills.
Ligand-regulated Chimeric Receptor Approach Reveals Distinctive Subcellular Localization and Signaling Properties of the Toll-like Receptors

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are sensors for the detection of invading infectious agents and can initiate innate immune responses. Because the innate immune system induces an appropriate defense against different pathogens, different TLR signaling domains may have unique properties that are responsible for eliciting distinctive responses to different types of pathogens. To test this hypothesis, we created ligand-regulated TLR chimeric receptors composed of the extracellular region of TLR4 and the transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions of other TLRs and expressed these chimeras in macrophages lacking endogenous TLR4. Interestingly, the chimeras between TLR4 and either TLR3, TLR7, or TLR9 were localized completely intracellularly whereas other chimeras were expressed on the cell surface. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a ligand for these chimeras, induced the activation of nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinases and the subsequent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages expressing TLR4, TLR4/TLR5, or TLR4/TLR8 chimeras but not in macrophages expressing TLR4/TLR1, TLR4/TLR2, or TLR4/TLR6 chimeras. Co-expression of unresponsive chimeras in some combinations (chimeras with TLR1+TLR2 or TLR2+TLR6 but not TLR1+TLR6) resulted in LPS responsiveness, indicating functional complementarity. Furthermore, the pair of TLR2+TLR6 chimera required approximately 10-fold less LPS to induce the same responses compared with the TLR1+TLR2 pair. Finally, LPS induced effective interferon-beta production and subsequent Stat1 phosphorylation in macrophages expressing full-length TLR4 but not other cell surface TLR chimeras. These results suggest that the functions of TLRs are diversified not only in their extracellular regions for ligand recognition but also in their transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions for subcellular localization and signaling properties.
Theoretical investigations into the accuracy of sampling shelled peanuts for aflatoxin

Within a population of shelled peanuts, aflatoxin may be concentrated in less than 0.5% of the peanuts. Those peanuts containing aflatoxin might have concentrations up to 1,000,000 µg of aflatoxin per kilogram of peanuts. Because of the distribution pattern, sample means vary widely, and the true average level of aflatoxin in the population is difficult to estimate. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of sample size, N, on sampling accuracy. The negative binomial distribution of aflatoxin since it allowed for a high probability of zero counts along with small probabilities of large counts. Using both the Monte Carlo technique and a direct computation method, the effect of sample size on sampling accuracy was quantitatively described.
Quantification of Recrystallization Kinetics in Heavily Drawn OFHC Copper Wires by Microhardness Technique

Mechanical properties of materials are inherently dependent on the microstructures that evolve during processing. The microstruture of heavily drawn and annealed OFHC copper is inhomogeneous, and as such it is difficult to assess its recrystallization kinetics by conventional methods. In this article, restoration kinetics of static recrystallization of heavily drawn oxygen free high conducting (OFHC) copper wires has been investigated by microhardness technique. The investigation was carried out on two cold drawn wires deformed to a true strain of 2.31 and 3.10 and annealed at 250°C for annealing times ranging from 10 s to 1 hr. The physical phenomena during annealing were characterized and analyzed using optical microscopy and measurement of microhardness. A unified approach, through the use of microhardness data, for the analysis of the restoration kinetics of recovery, recrystallization, and grain growth has been proposed. In this approach, a JMAK (Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogrov) model was expressed in terms of microhardness data, and the results showed that the modified model linked the different restoration kinetics and provided the critical time for the transition from recovery to recrystallization, and to grain growth. The model compared favorably with conventional models, which treat the different restoration kinetics separately. Exponents of about 0.4 for recovery, 4.0 for recrystallization, and 0.5 for grain growth, were obtained. The results also showed that the JMAK exponent, n, is of the same order of magnitude as the grain growth exponent, 1/p.© 2003 ASME
α,β‐Unsaturated ketones. II. Copolymerization reactions of trans‐cinnamoylferrocene

The polymerization reactions of trans-cinnamoylferrocene have been described and a number of copolymers have been characterized. trans-Cinnamoylferrocene does not homopolymerize using conventional free radical techniques but forms copolymers with styrene, acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, butadiene, isoprene, and 1,1-dihydroperfluorobutyl acrylate.
Irradiation creep and embrittlement behavior of AISI 316 stainless steel at very high neutron fluences

Abstract The irradiation-induced creep and swelling of AISI 316 stainless steel have been investigated at two temperatures (400 and 550°C) to very high neutron fluences. It is shown that creep and swelling can be considered as interactive phenomena with several stages of creep related to the total amount of accumulated swelling. The final stage involves the apparent cessation of creep and has been observed only at the higher irradiation temperature. The development of a coincident and severe ex-reactor embrittlement problem after irradiation at 400° C appears also to be separately related to the development of substantial swelling. This latter phenomenom was not observed at 550° C. The mechanisms thought to be possibly responsible for each of these two phenomena are discussed in detail.
The picture absurdities test in the evaluation of dementia

Recognition of picture absurdities was found to be significantly impaired in a group of patients with dementia of Alzheimer type compared to patients with dementia syndrome of depression and cerebrovascular dementia, even when matched for age, education, and dementia severity. None of the other neuropsychological measures investigated, including visual recent memory, Raven's progressive matrices, geographic orientation, and copying of geometric figures, resulted in a similar pattern. Although uncertainty remains as to what the picture absurdities test measures, normal performance likely depends on the integrity of many independently assessable variables, in addition to cognition and judgment utilizing visual data.
Rett Syndrome: Clinical and Electrophysiologic Aspects

Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder that almost exclusively affects females. The clinical course as well as the electroencephalogram pattern are characteristic and have been correlated to the clinical stages of the disease. Sixty to 70 percent of the patients develop epilepsy. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the correlation between clinical stages and electroencephalogram stages and to more specifically correlate epileptic activity in electroencephalograms with the clinical symptoms of patients. The clinical development and electroencephalogram results of 11 patients diagnosed with Rett syndrome between 1 and 33 years old are compared. In 8 of 11 patients, a correlation was found between electroencephalogram stage and clinical stage. In three of them, epileptic activity in the electroencephalogram was not associated with clinical seizures. Some typical symptoms of Rett patients (hand stereotypies, vacant spells) can be difficult to differentiate from seizures. Therefore application of antiepileptic treatment should be well evaluated, as the clinical course is decisive.
Intraoperative anaphylaxis secondary to intraosseous gelatin administration.

Background FloSeal and SurgiFlo Hemostatic Matrices are commonly used in surgical procedures to promote coagulation and minimize blood loss. They are composed of bovine and porcine gelatin matrix, respectively, that can be injected into pedicles to stop osseous bleeding during pedicle screw insertion. Methods This report details 2 pediatric spinal deformity reconstructive surgery patients who experienced intraoperative cardiovascular events after the intraosseous administration of animal-derived gelatin. Results Case #1 is an 11-year-old female with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who was undergoing routine posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion. During placement of the fourth pedicle screw, the patient developed profound hypotension, tachycardia, and elevated airway pressures requiring intravenous epinephrine and phenylephrine for hemodynamic support. Surgery was aborted. Postoperative work-up demonstrated a positive ImmunoCAP study for bovine gelatin. Surgery was repeated 1 week later, without the use of FloSeal, and no episodes of hemodynamic instability. Case #2 was a 9-year-old female with juvenile idiopathic scoliosis who was undergoing a growing spine construct. As in Case #1, SurgiFlo was placed into 2 pedicle tracts after which there was profound hypotension, tachycardia, and elevated airway pressures. Resuscitative efforts included intravenous atropine and epinephrine with resolution. Surgery was aborted. Surgery was repeated 2 weeks later, without the use of SurgiFlo, with no episodes of hemodynamic instability. Conclusions Given that the patient's symptoms were classic for anaphylaxis, and that the timing of the anaphylaxis immediately followed the administration of FloSeal and SurgiFlo we believe that FloSeal and SurgiFlo were the causes of the reactions. These are the first known reported cases of intraoperative anaphylaxis associated with FloSeal and SurgiFlo. On the basis of our experience, in order to avoid intraoperative cardiovascular events, we obtain preoperative ImmunoCAP testing and eliciting a thorough preoperative history about bovine-derived and porcine-derived gelatin products.
Modulation Technique to Reverse Power Flow for the Isolated Series Resonant DC–DC Converter With Clamped Capacitor Voltage

The series resonant dc-dc converter with clamped capacitor voltage exhibits excellent characteristics in forward operating mode, including simple control, high reliability, soft switching, high power density, and inherently limited load fault current. However, the conventional single angle phase-shift modulation that works well in the forward mode cannot reverse the power flow. In this paper, we propose a modulation strategy for reverse-mode operation by utilizing three phase-shift angles afforded by the two active full bridges of the circuit. We identify the optimal modulation trajectories in 3-D modulation space and implement a lookup-table-based modulator for power flow control. A high-fidelity simulation model of a 35-kW 750-V input, 300-600-V output, and 50-kHz insulated-gate bipolar-transistor-based converter was used for verification. The proposed modulation scheme and efficiency calculations were validated on a scaled-down (15-kW) prototype. The power loss distribution was analyzed for further converter efficiency optimization.
Expression of CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Proteins during Porcine Preadipocyte Differentiation

The expression of three CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) was examined with immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis during preadipocyte differentiation in porcine stromal vascular (S-V) cell cultures. Regardless of treatment and time in culture, immunoreactivity for all three C/EBP isoforms was restricted to cell nuclei. At day 1, 50 +/- 6% of S-V cells were C/EBPdelta positive, whereas 13 +/- 3 and 11.7 +/- 3% of S-V cells were AD-3 and C/EBPalpha positive, respectively. After 3 days of seeding in fetal bovine serum (FBS) and dexamethasone (DEX), C/EBPdelta; AD-3, and C/EBPalpha-positive cells increased to 67 +/- 5, 42 +/- 4, and 32 +/- 3%, respectively. Double staining clearly showed that most of the C/EBPalpha reactive cells had not accumulated appreciable lipid after 3 days of FBS + DEX. Following 3 days of insulin treatment, the percentage of C/EBPdelta cells was 50 +/- 6, whereas the percentage of AD-3- and C/EBPalpha-positive cells was 41 +/- 4 and 31 +/- 3, respectively. After insulin treatment all fat cells were AD-3, C/EBPalpha, and C/EBPdelta positive. Double staining demonstrated that fat cells were C/EBPdelta reactive throughout the culture period. Western blotting showed changes in C/EBP isoform expression that were consistent with the immunocytochemical results. We conclude that C/EBPalpha is a terminal differentiation marker which is expressed later than AD-3 but further studies are needed to determine the relationship between C/EBPdelta and adipogenesis in porcine S-V cultures.
Some limitation on stein's phenomenon

We show that Stein's phenomenon is impossible for the following decision setting: the parameter space is compact, the loss function is the sum of coordinatewise strictly convex continuous loss functions, and the probability density function having the same support for every parameter θ is continuous in θ. Therefore, any coordinatewise admissible decision rule is admissible.
Prediction of solute trapping at high solidification rates using a diffuse interface phase-field theory of alloy solidification

A phase-field model for solidification of a binary alloy is developed that includes gradient energy contributions for the phase field and for the composition field. When the gradient energy coefficient for the phase field is smaller than that for the solute field, planar steady-state solutions exhibit a reduction in segregation in the liquid phase ahead of an advancing front (solute trapping), and in the limit of high solidification speeds predict alloy solidification with no redistribution of composition. Comparison is made with the Aziz model of solute trapping.
Non-esterified fatty acids increase arterial pressure via central sympathetic activation in humans

Previous studies have shown that acute increases in plasma NEFAs (non-esterified fatty acids) raise SVR (systemic vascular resistance) and BP (blood pressure). However, these studies have failed to distinguish between CNS (central nervous system) mechanisms that raise sympathetic activity and paracrine mechanisms that increase SVR directly, independent of CNS involvement. The aim of the present study was to directly determine whether the sympathetic nervous system contributes to the pressor response to NEFAs. On 2 days separated by at least 2 weeks, 17 lean healthy volunteers (ten male/seven female; age, 22 + 1 years; body mass index, 23 + 1 kg/m 2 ; values are means + S.E.M.) received a 4-h intravenous infusion of 20% Intralipid ® or placebo (in a single-blind randomized balanced order). MSNA (muscle sympathetic nerve activity), HR (heart rate), BP (oscillometric brachial measurement) and ˙ Q (cardiac output; acetylene rebreathing) were measured before and throughout infusion. The change in HR ( +8.2 + 1.0 and +2.4 + 1.2 beats/min), systolic BP ( +14.0 + 1.6 and +3.2 + 2.5 mmHg) and diastolic BP ( +8.2 + 1.0 and −0.1 + 1.7 mmHg) were significantly greater after the 4-h infusion of Intralipid ® compared with placebo (P <0.001). The change in BP with Intralipid ® resulted from an increase in SVR ( ˙ Q/mean arterial pressure; P <0.001) compared with baseline, without a change in ˙ Q. MSNA burst frequency increased during Intralipid ® infusion compared with baseline ( +4.9 + 1.3bursts/min;P <0.05),andtotalMSNA(frequency×amplitude)wasaugmented65%(P <0.001), with no change during placebo infusion. Lipid infusion increased insulin, aldosterone and F2-isoprostane, but not leptin, concentrations. On the basis of the concomitant increase in BP, MSNA and SVR, we conclude that central sympathetic activation contributes to the pressor response to NEFAs.
Productivity Ratings of Institutions Based on Publication in Eight Marketing Journals: 1983-1984:

Institutions are ranked based on the number of publications produced by each school's faculty in eight marketing journals. The 423 articles analyzed were produced by 621 different individuals employed at 60 different businesses and 196 different academic institutions. The vast majority of individuals (85 percent) were credited with having authored or co-authored only one article during the time period used for the analysis.
Two-level ata prefetching

Data prefetching has been shown to be an effective tool in hiding part of the latency associated with cache misses in modern processors. Traditionally, data prefetchers fetch data into a small prefetch buffer near the LI for low latency, or the L2 cache for greater coverage and less cache pollution. However, with the L1-L2 cache speed gap growing, significant performance gains can be obtained if the data pref etcher can operate as aggressively as an L2-level pref etcher but with the fast hit times of an LI-level pref etcher. In this paper, we propose a prefetching framework where an LI-level prefetcher and an L2- level prefetcher work cooperatively to reduce the average access time more than either one alone can. We evaluate several design alternatives suited to perform synergistically under different workloads. From the insight we gather from this analysis, we propose a confidence-based adaptive prefetcher that can improve prefetch efficiency significantly with judicious use of available bus bandwidth. Our results show that for certain prefetcher combinations, two- level prefetching can achieve the cumulative speedup attained from either prefetcher alone. Furthermore, when compared to other two-level prefetching models, the adaptive design provides similar speedups with appreciably less bus traffic.
Minitrephination as an adjunctive measure in the endoscopic management of complex frontal sinus disease.

BACKGROUND Frontal sinus disease and its surgical management continues to remain an area of controversy among rhinologists. This is evidenced by the multitude of surgical procedures, both external and endoscopic, that have been developed in its management. This study was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of frontal sinus minitrephination in combination with endoscopic frontal sinus exploration for the management of complex frontal sinus disease. METHODS A retrospective chart review identified 13 patients treated with minitrephination, in conjunction with endoscopic frontal sinus exploration, at the University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center or West Los Angeles VA Medical Center from July 2004 to October 2005. RESULTS Thirteen patients with diagnoses of chronic sinusitis (n = 10), nasal polyposis (n = 7), frontal mucocele (n = 4), allergic fungal sinusitis (n = 3), and inverting papilloma (n = 1) underwent either unilateral (n = 9) or bilateral (n = 4) minitrephination during primary or revision functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Median follow-up was 14.2 months. There were no complications attributed to the procedure, and all patients had improvement of their sinus symptoms and displayed no evidence of recurrence of their frontal sinus disease at last follow-up. CONCLUSION Minitrephination is a safe and effective adjunct in the management of complex frontal sinus disease, as it allows identification of the frontal recess and vigorous irrigation of the sinus contents.
New modal representation of electromagnetic waves supported by horizontal wire above dissipative earth

A new discrete mode that satisfies the radiation condition is found for the problem of a horizontal wire above an air-earth interface. It can be shown to be an important part of the total current distribution on the wire. It exhibits the nature of a fast wave and has a much smaller attenuation constant than the quasi-TEM mode.
Synthesis and radioiodination of a nido-1,2-carboranyl derivative of 2-nitroimidazole

Abstract The synthesis of a nido -carboranyl congener of misonidazole, 1-(3′- nido -carboranyl-2′-hydroxy)propyl-2-nitroimidazole, has been carried out. Alternative methods of preparations were conducted to optimize the chemical yield, with a five step synthesis giving an overall yield (from 1,2-carborane) of 36%. A diastereomeric pair of nido -carboranyl compounds was obtained. The diastereomeric nido -carboranyl misonidazole congeners were (radio)iodinated to yield (> 90%) a mixture of diastereomeric compounds in which the iodine had bonded to a boron atom on the nido -carborane moiety. These compounds will be investigated for their application to boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and hypoxia imaging of cancer.
New lattice action for heavy quarks

We extend the Fermilab method for heavy quarks to include interactions of dimension six and seven in the action. There are, in general, many new interactions, but we carry out the calculations needed to match the lattice action to continuum QCD at the tree level, finding six non-zero couplings. Using the heavy-quark theory of cutoff effects, we estimate how large the remaining discretization errors are. We find that our tree-level matching, augmented with one-loop matching of the dimension-five interactions, can bring these errors below 1%, at currently available lattice spacings.
Velocity saturation in the collector of Si/Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x//Si HBT's

The effects of velocity saturation on the unity gain-bandwidth product f/sub t/ and transconductance g/sub m/ of n-p-n and p-n-p heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x/ bases are described and simulated. For the n-p-n device, velocity saturation combined with a valence-band offset at the base-collector junction causes accelerated g/sub m/ and f/sub t/ rolloff for current densities greater than the knee current for the Kirk effect. For the p-n-p device, the g/sub m/ and f/sub t/ are degraded for all current densities. These limitations combine with the limits imposed by dislocation formation due to strain in the pseudomorphic layer to impose constraints on the design of Si/Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x//Si HBTs. >
Die Sulfide von Zink, Cadmium und Quecksilber. Ihre Kristallformen und genetischen Beziehungen

1. Die beiden Sulfide von Zink sind enantiotrop; β-ZnS oder Sphalerit ist unterhalb 1020° stabil, wo es in α-ZnS oder Wurtzit ubergeht. Sphalerit hat eine Dichte von 4.090 (Mineral bei 25°: Wasser bei 4°), Wurtzit hat eine etwas geringere Dichte, namlich 4.087. Die Bestimmungen werden ausgefuhrt an einem sehr reinen analysierten Sphalerit und an dem daraus durch Erhitzen auf geeignete Temperatur entstehendem Wurtzit. Die Brechungsindizes dieser Formen fur Natriumlicht sind: Sphalerit n = 2.3688, Wurtzit w = 2.356, e = 2.378.
Fear and Loathing in the Classroom A Candid Look at School Violence and the Policies and Practices That Address It

School violence represents a real threat to the safety of students and staff; however, the belief that it is proliferating—as well as the aggressive, prescriptive response on the part of many administrators to this perception—may be ill advised. This article provides the reader with a balanced perspective as well as a synthesis of best-evidence research describing effective interventions that help prevent school violence. Ultimately, the most successful approaches must involve the “problem” student in the solution by valuing his or her membership in the school community and fostering meaningful relationships with peers and staff.
Identification of a novel mammalian member of the NSF/CDC48p/Pas1p/TBP-1 family through heterologous expression in yeast

Abstract Two suppressors of the growth deficiency of a potassium transport mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated from a mouse cDNA expression library. These suppressors, SKD1 and SKD2 ( s uppressor of K + transport growth d efect), were cDNAs encoding members of a family of ATPases involved in membrane fusion (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein, NSF), cell division cycle regulation (CDC48p), peroxisome assembly (Pas1p), and transcriptional regulation (TBP-1). The SKD1 protein constitutes a novel member of this family with 49–58% amino acid sequence similarity with other family members, and contains a single ATP binding site. The SKD2 polypeptide is the mouse homolog of NSF.
Exact solution of the one-dimensional trapping problem with and without sources

Abstract We present exact solutions for the time evolution of particles diffusing in one dimension in the presence of static sinks with time-dependent sources that continually feed particles into the system. Our solution for the density of particles in the presence of sources can be re-expressed in terms of the solution in the sourceless case in a form that is valid for any dimension. In the special case of a constant rate of particle insertion we find a steady-state density that agrees with previous calculations. At asymptotic times the density of particles approaches this steady state as a stretched exponential of the form exp (−At 1 3 ) with a prefactor t 7 6 . The prefactor thus differs from that of the sourceless problem (t 1 2 ) . In the absence of sources our results reduce to those obtained by other authors.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a probe to detail change with age in corneal receptor(s).

This in vitro study used Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a probe to examine the change with age of the host receptor(s) facilitating bacterial adherence to cornea in the
Expression of human heme oxygenase-1 in the thick ascending limb attenuates angiotensin II-mediated increase in oxidative injury.

Expression of human heme oxygenase-1 in the thick ascending limb attenuates angiotensin II–mediated increase in oxidative injury. Background Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalyzes the conversion of heme to bilirubin, carbon monoxide (CO), and free iron, thus controlling the level of cellular heme. The medullary thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (TALH) is situated in a site of markedly diminished oxygen tension and, as such, is highly vulnerable to ischemic insult. We hypothesize that selective upregulation of HO-1 in TALH by gene transfer attenuates oxidative stress caused by angiotensin II (Ang II). Methods An adenoviral vector expressing the human HO-1 under the control of the TALH-specific promoter [Na + -K + -Cl − cotransporter (NKCC2 promoter)] was constructed and the cell specific expression of the recombinant adenovirus was examined using several types of cells, including endothelial, vascular smooth muscle, and TALH cells. The effects of HO-1 transduction on HO-1 expression, HO activity and the response to Ang II with respect to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) up-regulation and oxidative injury [growth-stimulating hormone (GSH) levels and cell death] were determined. Results Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that human HO-1 was selectively expressed in primary cultured TALH cells following infection with Ad-NKCC2-HO-1. In TALH cells infected with Ad-NKCC2-HO-1, Ang II-stimulated prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) levels were reduced by 40%. Ang II caused a marked decrease in GSH levels and this decrease was greatly attenuated in TALH cells transduced with Ad-NKCC2-HO-1. Moreover, Ang II–mediated DNA degradation was completely blocked by the site-specific expression of human HO-1 gene. Conclusion These results indicate that TALH cell survival after exposure to oxidative stress injury may be facilitated by selective upregulation of HO-1, thusly blocking inflammation and apoptosis.
Dynamic splinting for knee flexion contracture following total knee arthroplasty: a case report

Total Knee Arthroplasty operations are increasing in frequency, and knee flexion contracture is a common pathology, both pre-existing and post-operative. A 61-year-old male presented with knee flexion contracture following a total knee arthroplasty. Physical therapy alone did not fully reduce the contracture and dynamic splinting was then prescribed for daily low-load, prolonged-duration stretch. After 28 physical therapy sessions, the active range of motion improved from -20° to -12° (stiff knee still lacking full extension), and after eight additional weeks with nightly wear of dynamic splint, the patient regained full knee extension, (active extension improved from -12° to 0°).
Anxiety is associated with impulsivity in bipolar disorder

Impulsivity and anxiety, common features of bipolar disorder (BD), are each associated with a number of negative outcomes in BD. The relationship between anxiety and impulsivity, however, has not been a focus of study in BD. In this paper, we present data regarding the association between anxiety and impulsivity as measured by the Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS-11) in 114 outpatients with BD. Results revealed that patients with a comorbid anxiety disorder displayed significantly higher levels of impulsivity relative to patients without an anxiety disorder. Moreover, a broad range of anxiety-related symptom domains was associated with greater impulsivity. Exploratory analyses also revealed that baseline anxiety symptoms were associated with elevated impulsivity at 9-month follow-up, although these relationships were less robust after covariate adjustment. These data demonstrate that anxiety is positively associated with impulsivity in patients with BD. Further studies are needed to elucidate the implications of and reasons for this association.
Polymerization of dicarbonyl(η5-cyclopentadienyl) (η1-pyrrolyl)iron(II) : A new class of conducting polymers

Abstract Force field and semi-empirical MO calculations are used to predict the behavior of dicarbonyl( η 5 -cyclopentadienyl) ( η 1 -pyrrolyl)iron(II) (Fp-pyr, 1 ) under conditions commonly used to polymerize pyrrole. We also discuss similar calculations which were performed on a hypothetical tetramer. Details of chemical and electrochemical oxidations of 1 are presented, as well as thermal and spectroscopic analyses of the products. The product of the electrochemical oxidation does not appear to be electrically conducting, but those from the chemical polymerization have conductivities ranging from 5.2 × 10 −5 to 2.5 × 10 −1 S/cm.
To Suffer Pleasure: The Shattering of the Ego as the Psychic Labor of Perverse Sexuality

In this article I advance an alternative exegesis of perverse sexuality that permits an analyst to regard it not from within a state of alarm but with the capacity to recognize perversity’s generative potential. Pleasure and pain are often approached as independent experiences that become soldered together under the aegis of trauma or pathology. In this essay, I argue that pleasure and pain are developmentally coextensive phenomena. I rely on Laplanche’s theory of infantile sexuality to suggest that the sexualization of suffering is developmentally installed in sexuality’s very ontology. Although frequently and reflexively conceptualized in psychoanalysis as a demise of the sexual function, perversity can be, I propose, oftentimes sexuality’s aspiration. Through its interembodied transgressiveness, perversion recruits the body’s materiality to perform meaningful psychic labor: to facilitate the transformation of intergenerational debts we have inherited from others in the form of enigmatic parental and cu...
A Comparison of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Electrochemical Capacitor Electrode Fabrication Methods

Abstract Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are being widely investigated as a replacement for activated carbon in supercapacitors. A wide range of CNT specific capacitances have been reported in the literature based on experiments using different CNT materials, fabrication methods, and characterization routines; making it difficult to draw conclusions about the relative merits of the different fabrication methods. This work systematically compares four solution-based electrode fabrication methods (drop casting, air brushing, filtration, and electrospraying) and, to a lesser extent, some solution preparation techniques to determine if there is an optimum method for fabricating electrochemical capacitor electrodes out of single-wall CNTs (SWCNTs). We have found that it is best to use CNT solutions free from additives that may be difficult to remove from the fabricated electrode. In addition, the CNT solution preparation (e.g., dilution and sonication) had little effect on the resulting specific capacitance. Large differences in performance due to the fabrication methods were not seen, and the differences that were seen could be ascribed to material loss or contamination during the deposition. A single-layer graphene electrode was also fabricated and tested to obtain an estimate of the specific capacitance potentially achievable with SWCNTs, with 550 F/g demonstrated using 1 molar (M) sulfuric acid.
A validated method for the determination of nicotine, cotinine, trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine, and norcotinine in human plasma using solid‐phase extraction and liquid chromatography‐atmospheric pressure chemical ionization‐mass spectrometry

A liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous determination of nicotine, cotinine, trans-3′-hydroxycotinine, and norcotinine in human plasma was developed and validated. Analytes and deuterated internal standards were extracted from human plasma using solid-phase extraction and analyzed by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometric detection with selected ion monitoring (SIM). Limits of detection and quantification were 1.0 and 2.5 ng/ml, respectively, for all analytes. Linearity ranged from 2.5 to 500 ng/ml of human plasma using a weighting factor of 1/x; correlation coefficients for the calibration curves were > 0.99. Intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy were < 15.0%. Recoveries were 108.2–110.8% nicotine, 95.8–108.7% cotinine, 90.5–99.5% trans-3′-hydroxycotinine, and 99.5–109.5% norcotinine. The method was also partially validated in bovine serum, owing to the difficulty of obtaining nicotine-free human plasma for the preparation of calibrators and quality control (QC) samples. This method proved to be robust and accurate for the quantification of nicotine, cotinine, trans-3′-hydroxycotinine, and norcotinine in human plasma collected in clinical studies of acute nicotine effects on brain activity and on the development of neonates of maternal smokers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solute redistribution during and after solidification of Ni-Al-Ta dendritic monocrystals

Dendritic Monocrystals of Ni-Al-Ta alloys were grown at 0.05, 0.25, and 2.00 m/h and in some cases at other intermediate rates, under thermal gradients of 8 × 103 and 18 × 103 K/m. The growth of such monocrystals provides a rapid and easy way for:a) establishing the distribution of solute during and after solidification, as well as its dependence on local cooling rate; b) determining the effect of dendritic coarsening on this distribution and; c) studying the solution kinetics of the nonequilibrium interdendritic γ′ phase. Back-diffusion in the solid rather than dendritic coarsening was found to control the evolution of the solute distribution profile across the dendritic structure during solidification. With increasing local cooling rate the maximum solute concentration,C M, remained practically unchanged, the minimum solute concentration,C m, slightly decreased, the segregation ratio,S = C M/Cm, increased and so did the volume fraction of nonequilibrium interdendritic γ′ phase. This phase dissolved during crystal pulling much faster at higher crystal growth rates. Solution kinetics were found to depend on the dimensionless parameterDθ/L 2, whereD is diffusivity of solute at a given temperature at which a given transverse cross-section of the crystal remains for a timeθ andL is half the primary dendrite arm spacing.
Hydroxylamine oxidoreductase of Nitrosomonas. Oxidation of diethyldithiocarbamate concomitant with stimulation of nitrite synthesis.

Abstract Although nitrate was not produced in the oxidation of ammonia or hydroxylamine as catalyzed by intact cells, hydroxylamine oxidoreductase from Nitrosomonas europaea catalyzed the aerobic oxidation of hydroxylamine to nitrite and nitrate. The reaction was most rapid in the presence of added electron acceptor. Nitrate was not produced from nitrite. The precursor of nitrate was an N-oxide of oxidation state between hydroxylamine and nitrite. In the presence of diethyldithiocarbamate, hydroxylamine was oxidized to nitrite but nitrate was not produced. For each mol of nitrite produced, approximately 1 mol of diethyldithiocarbamate was oxidized to bis(diethyldithiocarbamoyl)disulfide (Disulfiram). Oxidation of diethyldithiocarbamate required the concomitant oxidation of hydroxylamine. The enzyme did not catalyze the direct oxidation of diethyldithiocarbamate utilizing oxygen, H2O2, nitrite, nitrate or PMS as electron acceptor. The effect of structural analogs of diethyldithiocarbamate suggested that diethyldithiocarbamate was effective because it bound to a metal ion and had an oxidizable SH group. Diethyldithiocarbamate may act by either (a) reducing a reactive form of oxygen generated during the oxidation of hydroxylamine thus preventing the oxidation of an N-compound to nitrate, or (b) reducing an N-containing precursor of nitrate to an N-compound which was subsequently oxidized to nitrite. Methods for the assay of diethyldithiocarbamate are described.
Comment on “The stability of UO2OH+ and UO2(HPO4)22− complexes at 25°C” by G. Dongarra and D. Langmuir

Equilibrium calculations have shown that all the solutions in the experiments of Dongarra and Langmuir (1980) were super-saturated with respect to uranyl triphosphate; the degree of super-saturation varied from 3 to 857. In spite of the super-saturation, for all of their experiments n and molal % UO2(HPO4)22− have been found to be <0.5 and <12 respectively. Similarly in all of their experiments 88–98% of ∑U(VI) existed as UO22+ or hydroxo complexes. Based on the analysis of their data it has been shown that their experimental conditions were not appropriate for determining the stability constant of UO2(HPO4)22−. The significance of careful design of experiments has been demonstrated. The uncertainty in log β (±0.2) as reported by these authors is too small in view of the very small n as well as negligible pH change during titrations. Furthermore, the fact that the β determined by Dongarra and Langmuir is very close to that of Moskvin et al. (1967) certainly does not serve to validate the work of Dongarra and Langmuir, since Dongarra and Langmuir, as well as this writer, have found several problems in the work of Moskvin et al.