cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beyond the evil empire: horseplay and aggression

The dominant mode of studying the antecedents of human aggression in psychology has been to look for these precursors in negative life events, for example, being physically punished, observing models using aggressive means, or experiencing forms of privation or frustration. In contrast, within the ethological literature, certain playful activities, in particular “play fighting,” have been interpreted as crucial precursors of later social activities, both aggressive and nonaggressive. Among humans, horseplay, which may be considered synonymous with play fighting, has only rarely been mentioned in psychological literature and scarcely ever in relation to aggression. Within this study, college students rated the extent to which they had engaged in horseplay and in aggressive acts with same-sex friends and boyfriends or girlfriends over the past 3 years. Analyses indicated that a broad range of playful and aggressive activities was reported by a large proportion of the sample. Results also indicated strong relationships between the tendency to horseplay and to aggress. The relationship was strongest for men with men friends and for women with boyfriends. In general, having steady relationships increased the likelihood that both horseplay and aggressive acts would occur. Weekend alcohol consumption was related to playful activities; heavier use correlated with greater aggressive activities of men with men only. The study suggests that it is useful to broaden the base for conceptualizing aggression to take into account the ways in which playful and friendly activities can facilitate those that are regarded as antisocial and aggressive.
Residue, respiration, and residuals: Evaluation of a dynamic agroecosystem model using eddy flux measurements and biometric data

Abstract The Agro-IBIS agroecosystem model was tested against 3 years of biometric data, soil temperature and moisture data, and eddy covariance measurements at the Mead, Nebraska AmeriFlux site. Three cropping systems managed with no-tillage were studied: (a) irrigated continuous maize, (b) irrigated maize–soybean rotation, and (c) rainfed maize–soybean rotation. The model satisfactorily represented crop growth, carbon (C) allocation, and phenology, as simulated biomass pools were generally within 10% of observations. However, daily net ecosystem production (NEP) was overestimated during the mid-summer by 1–4 g C m −2 day −1 , and these systematic errors were attributed to underestimates (50–60%) of night-time ecosystem respiration ( R e ). In contrast, the model produced consistent overestimates of R e during the dormant season by 1–3 g C m −2 day −1 , which led to a reduced seasonal cycle of R e . A majority of these inaccuracies were attributed to simplistic representations of heterotrophic and plant tissue respiration and their empirical dependence on temperature and soil moisture. Soil temperatures were overestimated by 4–10 °C in late winter through early summer and then again in late fall, coinciding with the period when vegetative cover was non-existent. Annual total net radiation was overestimated by 10%, and sensible and latent heat fluxes were overestimated from winter to early summer by 1–7 MJ m −2 day −1 . Failing to account for the impacts of a crop residue layer on surface albedo and other physical properties is believed to have contributed to these inadequacies in simulated surface energy balance. We conclude that if modelers tune crop-biosphere models to agricultural FLUXNET data without accounting for the impacts of surface residue management, inconsistent estimates of large-scale C and water exchange with the atmosphere may result. This is extremely relevant to studies of the biogeophysical feedbacks to regional climate attributed to land management changes using coupled crop-climate models. Given the increasing adoption of conservation tillage, modelers should focus on including some representation of crop residue dynamics and aim to improve representation of leaf senescence and ecosystem respiration.
Decentralized control using reduced-order unknown input observers

The output feedback stabilization problem of a class of nonlinear interconnected systems is considered. A novel decentralized dynamic output feedback controller is proposed, where local, projection operator based, reduced-order observers are employed to estimate the subsystems? states. The proposed design algorithm is characterized by the separation property of the observer-controller design. The closed-loop system driven by the proposed decentralized dynamic output feedback controller is asymptotically stable. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is illustrated with simulation examples.
Research on the Modes of the Web-Based Collaborative Learning Based on Concept Map

Based on the theory of educational psychology about knowledge in our mind how to be formatted and developed, the author maintains that the psychological regularities should be complied with during people learning new knowledge by means of concept map which is the instrument of primary cognition. That is, appropriate mode of WebCL should be selected in different learning environments and conditions according to different features of each learning phase. The final destination is to enhance either the participatorspsila ability of advanced-cognition, cooperation and social construction or their learning efficiency.
Genes That Control Ray Sensory Neuron Axon Development in the Caenorhabditis elegans Male

We have studied how a set of male-specific sensory neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans establish axonal connections during postembryonic development. In the adult male, 9 bilateral pairs of ray sensory neurons innervate an acellular fan that serves as a presumptive tactile and olfactory organ during copulation. We visualized ray axon commissures with a ray neuron-specific reporter gene and studied both known and new mutations that affect the establishment of connections to the pre-anal ganglion. We found that the UNC-6/netrin-UNC-40/DCC pathway provides the primary dorsoventral guidance cue to ray axon growth cones. Some axon growth cones also respond to an anteroposterior cue, following a segmented pathway, and most or all also have a tendency to fasciculate. Two newly identified genes, rax-1 and rax-4, are highly specific to the ray neurons and appear to be required for ray axon growth cones to respond to the dorsoventral cue. Among other genes we identified, rax-2 and rax-3 affect anteroposterior signaling or fate specification and rax-5 and rax-6 affect ray identities. We identified a mutation in sax-2 and show that the sax-2/Furry and sax-1/Tricornered pathway affects ectopic neurite outgrowth and establishment of normal axon synapses. Finally, we identified mutations in genes for muscle proteins that affect axon pathways by distorting the conformation of the body wall. Thus ray axon pathfinding relies on a variety of general and more ray neuron-specific genes and provides a potentially fruitful system for further studies of how migrating axon growth cones locate their targets. This system is applicable to the study of mechanisms underlying topographic mapping of sensory neurons into target circuitry where the next stage of information processing is carried out.
Making slicing practical: the final mile

Much progress has been made in the precision and performance of program slicers, but many challenges remain, such as cost-effective implementation and finding a role for slicing in software development.
Representing abstract architectures with axiomatic specifications and activation conditions

Evaluating architectural design decisions early in the design process is critical for cost effective design. Formal analysis can provide such evaluation if architectures are defined in a formal way. This paper describes how VSPEC can be used to formally define an architecture during requirements specification. VSPEC is a Larch interface language for VHDL that annotates VHDL entities using the axiomatic style provided by Larch interface languages. Using VHDL's structural definition support, entities described in this manner are connected to form architectural descriptions. Activation conditions over component inputs define when that component must perform its transform. In this paper, we formally define a VSPEC component's state and how component states interact in an architecture. A rudimentary formal semantics for component activation is presented and used to define two potential satisfaction criterion.
Water Level Variations along California Coast

Daily, monthly, yearly, and long-term variations in sea level relative to land, and highest water levels are examined at 15 locations along the California coast. The longest, uninterrupted, set of ...
In situ atomic scale visualization of surface kinetics driven dynamics of oxide growth on a Ni–Cr surface

We report the in situ atomic-scale visualization of the dynamic three-dimensional growth of NiO during the initial oxidation of Ni-10at%Cr using environmental transmission electron microscopy. A step-by-step adatom growth mechanism in 3D is observed and a change in the surface planes of growing oxide islands can be induced by local surface kinetic variations.
Substrate Preferences of Insect Cholinesterases

Cholinesterase (ChE) probably has been investigated as extensively as any enzyme system in the Invertebrata, yet little is known of its properties and almost nothing of its preferred substrates. Metcalf and March (1950) and Babers and Pratt (1951) have studied the substrate- activity relationships for the cholinesterases of the house fly, Musca domestica L., honey bee, Apis mellifera L., and American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.). With acetylcholine (ACh) as substrate these three enzymes showed the typical bell-shaped curve, with a sharply defined substrate optimum and pronounced inhibition by excess substrate, which is characteristic of true acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in vertebrates (Nachmansohn and Wilson, 1951). However, with acetyl-/3-methylcholine (AMeCh) the fly ChE showed very low activity and a tendency toward a humped curve, whereas the bee and cockroach ChE showed high activity, no inhibition with excess substrate up to 0.3M, and a sigmoid substrate-activity curve. At concentrations of 0.03M and greater, the rate of hydrolysis of AMeCh exceeds that of ACh for the bee and cockroach ChE. The substrate-activity curves for triacetin with fly and bee ChE were also sigmoid, while with benzoylcholine (BzCh) very little activity was observed. ChE in the head of Dacus dorsalis Hendel was found to behave almost identically to that of the house fly toward ACh, AMeCh, and BzCh (Roan and Maeda, 1953).
Making Do or Moving Forward: An Assessment of Our Global Food System [review of Rethinking Food Systems: Structural Challenges, New Strategies and the Law]

First paragraphs: The rich and diverse perspectives of Lambek, Claeys, Wong, and Brilmayer in Rethinking Food Systems: Structural Challenges, New Strategies and the Law lend a great deal to their assessment of the extent to which our current system of institutions and law supports the achievement of a "just, equitable and sustainable" food system. The law here comprises a messy and complex mix of covenants, trade agreements, World Trade Organization (WTO) jurisprudence, and national laws. This book addresses the law, both as it exists and as it is being written in developing countries, while recognizing the institutional context and interests at play. The fundamental question asked by the authors is whether the current institutional and legal structure governing global food systems can be rethought to serve communities, particularly the poor, rather than corporate interests and the elite. This question is the thread that unifies discussion of the "right to food" and disparate issues, such as how some states are incorporating this right into their constitutions, legal structures, and policies; the rejection of free trade for food sovereignty by an international social movement of peasants; the challenges presented by an increase in land grabs; and negotiation of competing concepts and treaties governing the intellectual property of farmers....
Attraction of germ tubes and germination of spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora gigantea in the presence of roots of maize exposed to different concentrations of phosphorus.

AbstractChemotropism of germ tubes of Gigaspora gigantea to roots of four cultivars of Zea mays (differing in phosphorus-uptake efficiency) mediated by volatile exudates was examined in root-organ ...
Military Service and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in a Population-based Cohort.

Background:Military service has been suggested to be associated with an increased risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but only one prospective study—of a volunteer cohort—has examined this question.Methods:We prospectively assessed the relation between service in the military and ALS mortal
Soft-drive elevator door machine without mechanical link

A soft-drive elevator door machine is introduced in this paper.Through notched belt and notched pulley,the motor can drive the door directly without mechanical link,simplifying the structure.The main circuit is composed of two IGBT modules.They are a commuting/regenerative braking circuit module and a bipolar DC PWM reversible speed-adjusting module and both controlled by the 80C196 single chip computer.This kind of door machine features lower power loss and better speed-adjusting performance and stopping precision.
Escalating infections versus penicillin allergy

(1983). Escalating Infections Versus Penicillin Allergy. Hospital Practice: Vol. 18, No. 10, pp. 181-196.
Acute Care Utilization in Patients With Concurrent Mental Health and Complex Chronic Medical Conditions.

Objectives: Patients with coexisting mental health disorder and chronic disease are more at risk for poor outcomes, including increased acute care utilization. This study was performed to assess th...
Juvenile X-Linked Retinoschisis

Juvenile X-linked retinoschisis is a hereditary disorder characterized by foveal schisis affecting males early in life. Schisis or splitting of the retina’s neurosensory layers in the periphery can also be seen in some cases.
Full-band simulations of single-particle resonant tunneling in transition metal dichalcogenide-based interlayer tunneling field-effect transistors

We model and simulate the resonant tunneling and I-V characteristics of Interlayer Tunneling Field-Effect Transistors (ITFETs) based on transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers, MoS 2 layers here, using quantum transport simulations with a full-band model. Gate-controllable resonant peaks are demonstrated and the short channel effects on resonance broadening are studied.
Phase diagram of boron carbide with variable carbon composition

Boron carbide exhibits intrinsic substitutional disorder over a broad composition range. The structure consists of 12-atom icosahedra placed at the vertices of a rhombohedral lattice, together with a 3-atom chain along the threefold axis. In the high-carbon limit, one or two carbon atoms can replace boron atoms on the icosahedra while the chains are primarily of type C-B-C. We fit an interatomic pair interaction model to density-functional-theory total energies to investigate the substitutional carbon disorder. Monte Carlo simulations with sampling improved by replica exchange and augmented by two-dimensional multiple histogram analysis predict three phases. The low-temperature, high-carbon-composition monoclinic $Cm$ structure disorders through a pair of phase transitions, first via an Ising-like transition to a monoclinic centrosymmetric state with space group $C2/m$, then via a first-order three-state Potts-like transition to the experimentally observed rhombohedral $R\overline{3}m$ symmetry.
Exploring the World Languages in Twitter

Online social networks play a vital role in spreading information in today's world. Interestingly, the spread of information is due to the existence of the underlying connectivity of the users. An important aspect in the propagation of information in a social network is the language of the connected users. Understanding the information propagation from the perspective of languages is of particular interest because we live in a world with a very diverse set of languages. This paper aims to explore the language networks that are formed as the basis of user interactions in Twitter (an online social network platform). Using Network Science approaches, we unveil the "Twitter language network" as a whole is a connected system of many different languages that acts as an enabler of information spread. The connected language structure arises due to the presence of many multilingual speakers. Our work also sheds light on the similarity of languages from a speaker-preference point of view.
Innovations in first episode psychosis interventions: The case for a “RAISE-Plus” approach

Several papers in the current issue of Schizophrenia Research show evidence supporting interventions that are not yet grouped with standard care practices in FEP. Taken together, these studies make the case for a more inclusive approach for early psychosis care than what is embodied in RAISE. Although providing all interventions to all patients, however, will be impractical and expensive, a personalized approach to such interventions, whereby the appropriate interventions are implemented in a phase specific and individually tailored manner after a careful assessment of each person's core deficits within a coordinated specialty care model, is likely to improve lives and be cost-effective.
Increasing age in Achilles rupture patients over time

Abstract Background The changing demographics of Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) patients have not fully been investigated. However, there has been a general suspicion that this injury is occurring in an increasingly older population, in terms of mean age. The aim of this study was to objectively show an increase in age in Achilles tendon rupture patients over time. Methods Published literature on Achilles tendon ruptures was searched for descriptive statistics on the demographics of patients in the studies, specifically mean and median age of Achilles tendon rupture patients, gender ratio, percentage of athletics-related injuries, percentage of smokers, and BMI. Linear regression analyses were performed to determine the trend of patient demographics over time. A Welch one-way ANOVA was carried out to identify any possible differences in data obtained from different types of studies. Results The patient demographics from 142 studies were recorded, with all ATR injuries occurring between the years 1953 and 2014. There was no significant difference in the mean age data reported by varying study types, i.e. randomized controlled trial, cohort study, case series, etc. (P = 0.182). There was a statistically significant rise in mean age of ATR patients over time (P Conclusion Since 1953 to present day, the mean age at which ATR occurs has been increasing by at least 0.721 years every five years. In the same time period, the percentage of female study patients with ATR injuries has also been increasing by at least 0.6% every five years. Level of evidence Level III; Retrospective cohort study
LYSYL OXIDASE, A MOLECULAR TARGET OF COPPER

The efficacy of copper and its complexes to control or reverse inflammation hinges on a unique ability to interact with specific target enzymes in the afflicted tissues. One such enzyme is lysyl oxidase. This copper-metalloenzyme plays a key role in the maturation of connective tissue proteins. The enzyme catalyzes formation of the crosslinking compounds that bind together the peptide chains of collagen and elastin and in so doing impart both support and elastic properties to the extracellular matrix. Lysyl oxidase activity is controlled by copper. The present paper summarizes studies that have led to our present understanding of the properties of lysyl oxidase, focusing especially on the function of copper in both catalysis and regulation of lysyl oxidase activity.
States and Localities Can Offset Federal Tax Law's Impact on Their Residents

The federal tax overhaul signed into law by President Trump in December 2017 strikes a blow to households in high-tax states, with potentially negative ramifications for state and local government finances. First, the law imposes a new $10,000 cap on the deduction for state and local taxes (SALT)—well below the average amount claimed by residents of high-tax states such as New York, California, and New Jersey. Second, the legislation rolls the preexisting law’s personal exemptions into a much larger standard deduction, which will mean that most taxpayers who currently itemize their deductions will stop doing so and thus will lose any SALT benefit. Absent any response from states and localities, the net effect of the new tax law will be that the vast majority of households pay their state and local taxes with nondeductible dollars—which, in turn, will likely make it more difficult for states and municipalities to raise revenue for their schools, hospitals, police and fire departments, and other vital public services. But state and local governments are not helpless in the face of the new SALT limits. One proposal, which the State of California and several towns in New Jersey are considering, would allow taxpayers to claim a state or local tax credit in exchange for donations to government-affiliated organizations. Because such donations are treated as charitable contributions rather than state and local tax payments for federal income tax purposes, these arrangements would allow taxpayers who hit the $10,000 SALT cap to satisfy their remaining state and local tax obligations with federally deductible dollars. A second proposal—which is the focus of this report—would involve state and local governments shifting from employee-side personal income taxes to employer-side payroll taxes, which remain fully deductible for federal tax purposes. This payroll tax shift would deliver benefits for workers in states with high income taxes regardless of whether those workers itemize deductions on their federal tax returns. Importantly, the two proposals are not mutually exclusive, and states and localities would be well advised to consider both. Proposals for a payroll tax shift stand on solid legal ground. Moreover, the administrative challenges of such a shift would be relatively straightforward in flat-income-tax states such as Illinois and Massachusetts—and not insuperable in states with graduated income tax rate structures such as California, New Jersey, and New York. By fighting to preserve their residents’ ability to pay for public services with deductible dollars, states and municipalities can protect their revenue-raising capacity while prodding members of Congress to reconsider a tax law that was ill conceived from the outset.
Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Discordant Couples

HIV infection is a global epidemic, with more than 47 million infected individuals, many of whom are of reproductive age. More than 730,000 AIDS cases have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States. The great majority of infections (70%) result from unprotected intercourse, emphasizing heterosexual contact as a major risk factor for women (1). Although the length of time from initial infection to the development of clinical disease varies, the median time for untreated patients is approx 10 yr. In addition, the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy in the last several years has brought significant improvements in survival expectations (2–5), and HIV infection is now considered to be a chronic ailment. The improvement in the quality of life and increase in survival rates of infected individuals have given many the hope of living a normal life. Accordingly, many individuals naturally desire to have children.
Power and Thermal Analysis

The increase in density and performance of FPGAs has resulted in an increase in power consumed by the FPGA. Both FPGA and PCB design engineers need to consider the power when making the choice to use an FPGA and a particular FPGA vendor, as the power consumed by the FPGA will impact the design of the PCB power supplies, choice of voltage regulators, the heat sink and the system’s cooling system. In short, it is crucial in developing the power budget for the entire system.
Selective Area Growth and Structural Characterization of GaN Nanostructures on Si(111) Substrates

Selective area growth (SAG) of GaN nanowires and nanowalls on Si(111) substrates with AlN and GaN buffer layers grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy was studied. For N-polar samples filling of SAG features increased with decreasing lattice mismatch between the SAG and buffer. Defects related to Al-Si eutectic formation were observed in all samples, irrespective of lattice mismatch and buffer layer polarity. Eutectic related defects in the Si surface caused voids in N-polar samples, but not in metal-polar samples. Likewise, inversion domains were present in N-polar, but not metal-polar samples. The morphology of Ga-polar GaN SAG on nitride buffered Si(111) was similar to that of homoepitaxial GaN SAG.
Electronic Textiles in Computer Science Education: A Synthesis of Efforts to Broaden Participation, Increase Interest, and Deepen Learning

Just over a decade ago, various electronic textile construction kits have emerged with Arduino-based microcontrollers, sensors, and actuators that can be sewn together with conductive thread to create wearables augmented with new functionalities. These kits were designed to broaden participation in and perspectives about computing along with introducing learners to powerful ideas about circuitry and coding. In this paper, we synthesize 46 studies that have introduced crafts, circuitry, and coding concepts with e-textiles in K-16 education. We found that e-textiles have been successful in broadening participation and increasing interest in computing for many youth and adults, especially from underrepresented groups, inside and outside of school. While the e-textiles construction kits have been successful in deepening learning of circuitry concepts, learning of computer science, especially advanced concepts, has been far less attended to with the exception of projects designed by undergraduate students with already significant disciplinary expertise. In the discussion, we suggest directions for future research such as bringing more computing into e-textile designs, creating assessments to capture coding and circuitry learning, and developing models for more advanced projects to leverage the potential of e-textiles for computer science education.
Positive and negative emotional tone convergence: An empirical examination of associations with leader and follower LMX

Abstract Despite a growing importance and understanding of emotions and affective processes in leadership, the specific role of positive and negative emotional tone in leader follower relationships, as perceived by both parties to the relationship, is less well understood. We draw upon the Emotions in Relationships Model (ERM) in adult relationship sciences to posit that convergence in positive and negative emotional tone in leader-follower relationships affects reciprocity based LMX as reported by both parties: leaders and followers. Our assertions, based on findings for matched dyadic reports of all constructs, are largely supported for convergence in positive emotional tone but not supported for convergence in negative emotional tone in LMX relationships. In addition, nuanced findings for leader rated LMX as well as negative emotional tone convergence emerged. Implications for future theory and research in LMX and emotions are discussed.
- Sample-to-Result STR Genotyping Systems: Potential and Status

Forensic DNA analysis using short tandem repeats (STRs) has become the cornerstone for human identification, kinship analysis, paternity testing, and other applications. However, it is a lengthy, laborious process that requires specialized training and numerous instruments, and it is one of the factors that has contributed to the formation and expansion of a casework backlog in the United States of samples awaiting DNA processing. Although robotic platforms and advances in instrumentation have improved the throughput of samples, there still exists a significant potential to enhance sample-processing capabilities. The application of microfluidic technology to STR analysis for human identification offers numerous advantages, such as a completely closed system, reduced sample and reagent consumption, and portability, as well as the potential to reduce the processing time required for biological samples to less than 2 h. Development of microfluidic platforms not only for forensic use, but clinical and diagnostic use as well, has exponentially increased since the early 1990s. For a microfluidic system to be generally accepted in forensic laboratories, there are several factors that must be taken into consideration and the data generated with these systems must meet or exceed the same guidelines and standards that are applicable for the conventional methods. This review covers the current state of forensic microfluidic platforms starting with microchips for the individual DNA-processing steps of extraction, amplification, and electrophoresis. For fully integrated devices, challenges that come with microfluidic platforms are covered, including circumventing issues with surface chemistry, monitoring flow control, and proper allele calling. Finally, implementation and future implications of a microfluidic rapid DNA system are discussed.
Emerging Toxidromes: A 25-Year-Old Woman with Syncope and ECG Changes

A 25-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a 1-day history of nausea, fatigue, exertional lightheadedness, and a syncopal event without witnessed seizure activity or urinary incontinence. The patient had a past medical history of fibromyalgia and nonepileptiform seizure disorder, and she was prescribed oxycodone for use as needed (although she reported as “not really taking”) and ibuprofen for pain. She denied use of any other medications, illicit substances, or herbal supplements. Her family history was negative for cardiac problems or history of sudden death. At presentation, her blood pressure was 75/42 mmHg; heart rate was 61 beats/min (intermittently dropping to the 30s); temperature was 36.3 °C (97.3 °F), respiration was 16 breaths/min; and oxygen saturation was 99% by pulse oximetry. Her physical examination was remarkable for ongoing near-syncopal events and an irregular cardiac rhythm with variable S1 and S2 without murmurs, rubs, or gallops. Initial electrocardiogram (ECG) showed bradycardia with a wide-complex rhythm and QTc prolongation to 554 ms (Fig. 1). Two prior ECGs within the past 2 years had shown normal sinus rhythm with normal intervals. Fig. 1. Electrocardiograms before and during current hospitalization. On admission, initial chemistries were within the reference range except for a serum creatinine concentration of 1.6 mg/dL (increased from a baseline of 0.9 mg/dL), and serum and urine toxicology tests were negative (Table 1). A complete blood count showed a normocytic anemia at the patient's baseline: hemoglobin was 10.8 g/dL (reference interval, 12.0–15.0 g/dL) and mean corpuscular volume was 89.5 fL (reference interval, 80.0–100.0 fL). Thyroid function testing, electroencephalogram, and head computed tomography were unrevealing. A transthoracic echocardiogram was remarkable for abnormal septal motion consistent with a conduction abnormality. Continuous intravenous isoproterenol was initiated to induce tachycardia and shorten the QTc interval, and intravenous sodium bicarbonate was empirically started to counteract possible ingestion of sodium channel–blocking agents. The patient continued …
Presentation and Management of Arterial Thromboembolisms During Active Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Case Series and Literature Review

Background Active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with considerable risk for thromboembolism; however, arterial thromboembolism is rare and associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Their management requires careful coordination between multiple providers, and as a consequence, much of the published literature is limited to case reports published across specialties. Methods We examined our recent institutional experience with aortoiliac, mesenteric, and peripheral arterial thromboembolisms in patients with either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. To supplement our experience, a comprehensive literature review was performed using MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from 1966 to 2019. Patient demographics, flare/thromboembolism management, and outcomes were abstracted from the selected articles and our case series. Results Fifty-two patients with IBD, who developed an arterial thromboembolism, were identified (49 from published literature and 3 from our institution). More than 82% of patients presented during an active IBD flare. Surgical intervention was attempted in 77% of patients, which included open thromboembolectomy, catheter-directed thrombolysis, or bowel resection. Thromboembolism resolution was achieved in 76% of patients with comparable outcomes with either catheter-directed thrombolysis or open thrombectomy (83.3% vs. 68.2%). Nearly one-third of patients underwent small bowel resection or colectomy. In 2 patients, thromboembolism resolution was achieved only after total abdominal colectomy for severe pancolitis. Multiple thromboembolectomies were associated with higher risk for amputation. Overall mortality was 11.5% but was greatest for occlusive aortoiliac and mesenteric thromboembolism (14.3% and 57%, respectively). All survivors of occlusive superior mesenteric artery thromboembolism suffered short gut syndrome requiring small bowel transplant. Conclusions Patients with IBD, who develop an arterial thromboembolism, can expect overall poor outcomes. Catheter-directed thrombolysis achieved comparable outcomes with open thromboembolectomy without undue bleeding risk. Total abdominal colectomy for moderate-to-severe pancolitis is an emerging strategy in the management of refractory arterial thromboembolism. Successful surgical management may include open thromboembolectomy, catheter-directed thrombolysis, and bowel resection when indicated.
Utilizing an advanced practice provider (APP) led acute care clinic to improve access to high quality, patient centered, cost effective cancer care.

e14007Background: The medical oncology patient population is at high risk for adverse effects and complications related to anti-cancer treatments. The cost of oncology care is projected to reach al...
Power Distribution and Thermal Management Modeling for Electrified Aircraft

Despite the substantially lower energy per unit mass of batteries compared to hydrocarbon fuels, electrification of the aircraft propulsion system could lead to increases in energy efficiency for certain types of missions. This work builds on the electric powertrain component models (battery, converter, motor) from previous work and presents models for the propulsor, power distribution system, thermal management system(TMS), and wiring in order to complete an all-electric propulsion system framework. This framework is used to simulate a propulsion system with power loads representative of a commuter aircraft mission that transports 19 passengers over 100nmi. Results show that the battery makes up over 60% of the total propulsion system mass, indicating that improvements in battery technology are essential to lower propulsion system mass. Despite making up a smaller fraction of the propulsion system mass, the other components impact the overall system via their efficiency since that sizes the battery and the TMS. Distributed propulsion is found to lower the propulsion system mass, with diminishing returns beyond 10 propulsors due to the increased heat rejection and hence TMS mass.
Biological Treatment of Proximal Hamstring Tendon Tears

Proximal hamstring tendon tears are a common injury among athletes and can result in a chronic condition that is difficult for a clinician to manage. Treatment options for patients who can be managed nonoperatively are limited. Biologic is a therapy that has found a place in the nonsurgical treatment arsenal. Biologics augment tendon healing by modulating cellular activity. Platelet-rich plasma is a product derived from the host patient and is rich in growth factors and chemotactic molecules that improve the early stages of tendon healing. Clinical studies of PRP in proximal hamstring tendon injury show promise with reported improvements in pain and function. Future studies are required to evaluate the full potential, but PRP can be useful in patients with chronic hamstring tendinopathy who have failed other conservative measures.
Arctic Clouds and Precipitation in the Community Earth System Model Version 2.

The Arctic climate is changing rapidly, warming at about twice the rate of the planet. Global climate models (GCMs) are invaluable tools both for understanding the drivers of these changes and predicting future Arctic climate evolution. While GCMs are continually improving, there remain difficulties in representing cloud processes which occur on scales smaller than GCM resolution. Since clouds influence the Arctic energy and water cycles, their accurate representation in models is critical for robust future projections. In this work, we examine the representation of Arctic clouds and precipitation in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) with the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), comparing the newly released version (CESM2 with CAM6) with its predecessor (CESM1 with CAM5). To isolate changes in the Arctic mean state, we compare preindustrial control runs. Arctic cloud ice has decreased slightly, while cloud water has increased dramatically in CESM2. Annual mean liquid-containing cloud (LCC) frequency has increased from 19% in CESM1 to 51% in CESM2. Since LCCs strongly modulate downwelling radiation at the surface, their increase has led to an increase in mean downwelling longwave (+22 W m-2) and corresponding decrease in downwelling shortwave (-23 W m-2) radiation. The mean Arctic surface temperature increased from 257 K in CESM1 to 260 K in CESM2, with the largest seasonal difference in winter (+6 K). Annual average snowfall has decreased slightly (-1 mm month-1), while rainfall has increased (+5 mm month-1).
A Novel Architecture for Attack-Resilient Wide-Area Protection and Control System in Smart Grid

Wide-area protection and control (WAPAC) systems are widely applied in the energy management system (EMS) that rely on a wide-area communication network to maintain system stability, security, and reliability. As technology and grid infrastructure evolve to develop more advanced WAPAC applications, however, so do the attack surfaces in the grid infrastructure. This paper presents an attack-resilient system (ARS) for the WAPAC cybersecurity by seamlessly integrating the network intrusion detection system (NIDS) with intrusion mitigation and prevention system (IMPS). In particular, the proposed NIDS utilizes signature and behavior-based rules to detect attack reconnaissance, communication failure, and data integrity attacks. Further, the proposed IMPS applies state transition-based mitigation and prevention strategies to quickly restore the normal grid operation after cyberattacks. As a proof of concept, we validate the proposed generic architecture of ARS by performing experimental case study for wide-area protection scheme (WAPS), one of the critical WAPAC applications, and evaluate the proposed NIDS and IMPS components of ARS in a cyber-physical testbed environment. Our experimental results reveal a promising performance in detecting and mitigating different classes of cyberattacks while supporting an alert visualization dashboard to provide an accurate situational awareness in real-time.
WS4.2. My Approach to Quantitative EMG (with Demonstration)

The routine needle EMG examination is usually performed by observing the waveforms on the display screen and listening to their sound. It is subjective. Quantitative analysis (QA) is considered time consuming and not used. In this workshop, I will describe the “objective and interactive” approach. It adds elements of QA to record and measure EMG signals. It does not add time for analysis, and provides quantitative data to document abnormalities. The techniques of recording and measurements will be demonstrated. This includes use of dual time base, amplitude trigger, cascaded traces, etc. The “quality” control of the recording will be emphasized. The various signal displays help better assessment of amplitude, duration, phases, turns, stability, and firing rate of motor unit potentials (MUPs). It is also useful to assess the fullness of the interference pattern and its amplitude. The additional information captured by this approach will improve the quality of the needle EMG examination. Finally, I will demonstrate the fully automated methods for MUP analysis (Multi-motor unit analysis) and IP (Turns & amplitude). This requires just a few minutes per muscles. Using modern algorithms, QA is not time consuming. It should be included in the laboratory routine.
MRI accurately identifies early murine mammary cancers and reliably differentiates between in situ and invasive cancer: correlation of MRI with histology.

MRI methods that accurately identify various stages of mouse mammary cancer could provide new knowledge that may have a direct impact on the management of breast cancer in patients. This research investigates whether we can accurately follow the progression from in situ to invasive cancer by the evaluation of in vivo and ex vivo MRI, and in comparison with histology as the gold standard for the diagnosis and staging of cancer. Six C3(1)SV40Tag virgin female mice, aged 12–16 weeks, were studied. At this age, these mice develop in situ cancer that resembles human ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Fast spin-echo images of inguinal mammary glands were acquired at 9.4 T. After in vivo MRI, mice were sacrificed; inguinal mammary glands were excised and fixed in formalin for ex vivo MRI. Three-dimensional, volume-rendered, in vivo and ex vivo MR images were then correlated with histology. High-resolution ex vivo scans facilitated the comparison of in vivo scans with histology. The sizes of mammary cancers classified as in situ on the basis of histology ranged from 150 to 400 µm in largest diameter, and the average signal intensity relative to muscle was 1.40 ± 0.18 on T2-weighted images. Cancers classified as invasive on the basis of histology were >400 µm in largest diameter, and the average intensity relative to muscle on T2-weighted images was 2.34 ± 0.26. Using a cut-off of 400 µm in largest diameter to distinguish between in situ and invasive cancers, a T2-weighted signal intensity of at least 1.4 times that of muscle for in situ cancer, and at least 2.3 times that of muscle for invasive cancer, 96% of in situ and 100% of invasive cancers were correctly identified on in vivo MRI, using histology as the gold standard. Precise MRI–histology correlation demonstrates that MRI reliably detects early in situ cancer and differentiates in situ from invasive cancers in the SV40Tag mouse model of human breast cancer. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing the Update Packet Stream for Web Applications

The Internet has evolved to an extent where users now expect any-where any-time and any-form access to their personalized data and applications of choice. However providing a coherent (seamless) user experience across multiple devices has been relatively hard to achieve. While the how to sync problem has been well studied in literature, the complementary when to sync problem has remained relatively unexplored. While frequent updates providing higher user satisfaction/ retention are naturally more desirable than sparse updates, the steadily escalating resource costs are a significant bottleneck. We thus propose extensions to the traditional periodic refresh model based on an adaptive smart sync approach that enables variable rate updates closely modeling expected user behavior over time. An experimental evaluation on a sizeable subset of users of the GMAIL web interface further indicates that the proposed refresh policy can achieve the best of both worlds - limited resource provisioning and minimal user-perceived delays.
Dietary challenges of managing type 2 diabetes in African-American women.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the challenge of self-management of diet in African-American women living with type 2 diabetes. Specifically, the women were asked to talk about dietary challenges of managing diabetes in the context of their personal lifestyle factors, such as daily routines, family responsibilities, and individual needs. Using a phenomenological approach, a descriptive, exploratory design was implemented using four facilitated focus groups. A convenience sample of 24 African-American women was recruited from a Family Practice Center in the Midwest. Data from each of the four focus groups were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Themes were compared and contrasted within and across each of the four focus groups until consensus was reached. Four themes were identified: frequent difficulties in changing dietary habits, need for individual guidance, support, and misinformation gaps. Overall, the participants expressed the need for more attention to the personal lifestyle...
Iron Proteins with Mononuclear Active Sites

Metalloenzymes containing a mononuclear nonheme iron center are often involved in dioxygen metabolism. We have divided this superfamily of enzymes into seven subcategories: iron superoxide dismutase and superoxide reductase, lipoxygenase, catechol dioxygenases, α-keto acid-dependent enzymes, isopenicillin N synthase, pterin-dependent hydroxylases, and Rieske dioxygenases. The degree of catalytic versatility and coordination flexibility encompassed by these enzymes is unsurpassed by any other known metalloenzyme superfamily. Herein we discuss the present state of knowledge regarding their active site structures and the critical role the metal center plays in their respective catalytic mechanisms. Keywords: dioxygen; superoxide; lipoxygenase; dioxygenase; monooxygenase; extradiol; intradiol; pterin; Rieske; 2-oxoglutarate; model complexes
The Determinants of Issue Cycles for Initial Public Offerings

This paper identifies the determinants of market-wide and industry-specific security issue cycles using an autoregressive conditional duration model. We examine the business conditions, investor sentiment, and time-varying asymmetric information hypotheses and show that issue activity in different industries is consistent with different explanations. We find that the business conditions and sentiment hypotheses explain issue activity by manufacturing firms; while issue activity by financial institutions is partly explained by the sentiment hypothesis. On the other hand, none of these explanations are capable of explaining issue activity in the business services industry. Surprisingly, when all of these industries are pooled to examine market-wide activity, we find that none of these hypotheses are significantly related to issue activity. One explanation is that market-wide aggregation washes out much of the industry-specific information because issue activity is not perfectly correlated across industries. Using this observation, we then consider whether technological innovations are important determinants of industry-specific issue activity. We test for industry contagion by examining the periods before and after the Netscape initial public offering. We find evidence of an increase in the correlation of issue activity in related industries, which is consistent with the technological innovations hypothesis.