cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
205 kA pulse power supply for neutrino focusing horns

A new underground beamline is being constructed at Fermilab to generate and focus a beam of neutrinos on a detector 450 miles away in Soudan, Minnesota. A compact modulator utilizing capacitive energy storage and SCRs as the switching element has been built and tested at Fermilab. The 0.9 F capacitor bank operates at less than 1 kV. It delivers its output of up to 240 kA directly to the two series connected focusing horns via a multi-layer radiation hard stripline. Dual pulse width capability allows for ready selection of 5.2 ms, for slow beam spills, or 2.6 ms operation for reduced thermal stresses on the focusing horns during fast spill. Intended for installation in an underground equipment room, the design incorporates several novel features to facilitate transport, installation, and maintenance. Various designs were examined to arrive at the most economical approach for providing the high pulse currents to the horns located in the very high radiation field, up to 3/spl times/10/sup 7/ kRads/yr absorbed dose of the beamline. These included charge recovery and electronic polarity reversal systems. The direct coupling approach was selected for its overall economy and compactness. The system has been operational for several months and results of those tests are discussed. Controls and safety issues are also discussed.
Gender and Power in South Asian Expressive Traditions

Gender and Power in South Asian Expressive Traditions. Arjun Appadurai. Frank J. Korom. and Margaret A. Mills. eds. South Asia Seminar Series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991. 486 pp.
Performance of CADx on a Large Clinical Database of FFDM Images

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) methods for use with images from full-field digital mammography (FFDM) for breast mass lesion classification. A total of 739 FFDM images, including 287 breast mass lesions, were retrospectively collected under an institutional review board approved protocol. All mass lesion margins were delineated by an expert breast radiologist and were used, along with the pathology, as truth in the subsequent evaluation. Our computerized image analysis method for radiologist-indicated lesions consists of several steps: 1) automatic extraction of the lesion from the parenchymal background using computerized segmentation methods; 2) automatic extraction of various lesion features (mathematical descriptors) from image data of the lesions and surrounding tissues; and 3) merging of selected features into an estimate of the probability of malignancy using a Bayesian artificial neural network classifier. The features were selected using a stepwise feature selection procedure. Performance of the CADx system in the task of differentiating between malignant and benign lesions was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. An AUC value of 0.83 was obtained in the task of distinguishing between malignant and benign mass lesions in a leave-one-out by case evaluation with dual-stage segmentation method on the entire FFDM dataset. Results show that the computerized analysis methods for the diagnosis of breast lesions on FFDM are promising, and can potentially be used to aid clinicians in the diagnostic interpretation of FFDM.
Application of Tools Developed at the University of Iowa to ITC-99 Benchmarks

We describe the application of the following tools to ITC-99 benchmark circuits. Deterministic test generation: The test generation procedure MIX [1], and its extension MIX + [2], combines several test generation approaches to derive test sequences exhibiting very high fault coverages at relatively low CPU times. It includes a simulation-based test generation procedure based on LOCSTEP [3], a deterministic test generation procedure, and a test generation procedure based on genetic optimization. It assumes fault detection under the restricted multiple observation time approach [4]. Property-based test generation: The test generation procedure PROPTEST [5], [6] uses several simulation-based techniques to generate test sequences without resorting to branch-and-bound procedures. The techniques include static compaction based on vector restoration [7] to capture the most effective test subsequences of the test sequence, holding of test vectors [8] and perturbation of test vectors. PROPTEST achieves very high fault coverages at very low test generation times in spite of its relatively low complexity. Identification of undetectable faults and removal of redundant faults: Identification of undetectable faults prior to test generation can save the potentially wasted effort in targeting undetectable faults. Redundant faults can be removed from the circuit as a way to simplify the circuit and/or the test generation process. Procedures to identify undetectable faults and remove redundant faults were described in [9]-[11]. The definitions from [12] and [13] are used in these procedures. Selection of partial scan flip-flops: The partial scan selection procedure of [14] achieves the same fault coverage as full scan design by eliminating sequentially undetectable faults. The efficiency of the procedure is due to the use of several scan selection phases based on difficult to control flip-flops, and fast identification of undetectable faults. Sequential ATPG is invoked only in the last phase, when several flip-flops are already scanned, and the circuit is easier to handle by ATPG. The tools can currently handle single clock designs consisting of basic gates and D flip-flops. We are extending the tools to handle multiple clock designs and other primitives.
Magnetic Trapping of Atomic Nitrogen (\(^{14}\)N) and Cotrapping of NH (\(X\)\(^{3}\)\(\Sigma\) -)

We observe magnetic trapping of atomic nitrogen $(^{14}\mathrm{N})$ and cotrapping of ground-state imidogen ($^{14}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{H}$, $X\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{3}\ensuremath{\Sigma}^{\ensuremath{-}}$). Both are loaded directly from a room-temperature beam via buffer gas cooling. We trap approximately $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{11}$ $^{14}\mathrm{N}$ atoms at a peak density of $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{11}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ at $550\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mK}$. The $12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{s}$ $1∕e$ lifetime of atomic nitrogen in the trap is consistent with a model for loss of atoms over the edge of the trap in the presence of helium buffer gas. Cotrapping of $^{14}\mathrm{N}$ and $^{14}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{H}$ is accomplished, with ${10}^{8}$ NH trapped molecules at a peak density of ${10}^{8}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$.
The embarrassing truth about software automation and what should be done about it

Automation is the most successful technological means for achieving dramatic improvements in both productivity and quality. The displacement of manual manufacturing methods by automated processes is at the core of the Industrial Revolution and accounts for much of what we usually refer to "progress" over the past several centuries. The introduction of computers and computer software more than a half century ago create unprecedented opportunities in this regard: they can not only help us automate the physical processes involved in production but also many of the highly mechanistic and error-prone mental processes involved in design. The opportunity provided by software and computers in this regard is without precedent. Yet, when one reviews the history of computer-based automation in the process of software design, we find that, following the invention of compilers almost fifty years ago, the use of computer-based automation has made little difference in the lives and methods of the vast majority of software developers. This is not due to lack of opportunity - software is an eminently flexible medium limited mostly by imagination - but mostly due to often unrecognized social and cultural factors. In this talk, we first examine the history of the use of computer-based automation in software development and speculate on the reasons why the software development community has spurned the opportunities that it offers. Next, we identify the scope of opportunities offered by current computer-based technology and what could be done to exploit this potential to its fullest.
Implementation of a binary optical full adder using a Venn diagram and optical phase conjugation

Conventional optical pattern logic schemes can only process two input variables at a time. We propose a new optical spatial encoding scheme that is capable of simultaneously processing multiple input variables. Based on this new scheme an optical full adder was experimentally demonstrated using a picosecond optical phase-conjugation device.
Life and work of Ronald Aylmer Fisher

(2007). Life and Work of Ronald Aylmer Fisher. Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice: Vol. 1, Design of Experiments, pp. 489-499.
Statistical image pattern recognition

Image pattern recognition involves decision-making based on image data. Statistical tools for automatic, rational decision-making are numerous and can be applied some of the kinds of decisions that need to be made in medical imaging. This tutorial will present an introduction to statistical pattern recognition and show how those techniques can be applied to several kinds of image analysis problems, including analysis of multiple modalities and multiple scales. The course introduction will review problems in biomedical image analysis and provide both a framework and taxonomy for approaching vision problems. The course will include detailed discussion on the structure of images, statistical pattern recognition techniques, image pattern recognition using this technique, and statistical representations of image geometry.
When is a male not a male? Sex recognition and choice in two sex-changing species

For dioecious species, choosing a mate of the same sex can have reproductive costs. For sex-changing animals, however, a lack of sex recognition may not carry a reproductive cost, as pairs that were initially same-sex can become opposite-sex pairs as one partner changes sex. The strength of sex discrimination in sex changers, then, should depend on the duration of mating associations and whether the time of sex change is influenced by social situation (“flexible” sex change). We studied two species of marine snails that change sex from male to female, one with flexible sex change and long-term or permanent mating associations (Crepidula fornicata) and one with short-term pairings and relatively fixed time of sex change (Crepidula convexa), to determine whether either species exhibits sex recognition and whether members of C. convexa show stronger sex discrimination. In laboratory experiments, small males, the choosing animals, were placed with either a male or a female conspecific (no-choice experiments) or given a choice of a male or female (choice experiments). We controlled for shell length in all experiments, as relative size may influence sex change or choice. Males of both species paired more often with females than males, but, as predicted, males of C. convexa showed stronger discrimination: When given a choice, no C. convexa male paired with another male. In contrast, some C. fornicata males always chose other males even when given the choice of a female. These results suggest that sex recognition can be adaptive even for sex changers but demonstrate that the level of sex recognition will depend on other aspects of reproductive behavior.
An Animal Model Simulating Acute Infective Upper Airway Obstruction of Childhood and Its Use in the Investigation of Croup Therapy

Twelve heartworm-free mongrel dogs (10 males, 2 females) mean weight 22.2 kg (range 17.7--28.2 kg) were sedated and placed in a supine position with the neck extended. A double tracheotomy was performed under sterile conditions. The first tracheotomy tube was inserted 2 cm above the sternum in the direction of the carina using a shortened Silastic American tracheotomy tube (id 10 mm); the second was inserted two cartilage rings proximal to the first and approximately 5 cm distal to the larynx. All animals were kept deeply anesthesized by repeated iv injections of 3--6 mg/kg pentobarbitone sodium so that all reflexes (in particular laryngeal and palatal) were abolished. After control translaryngeal pressure measurements were obtained, the vocal cords were visualized, and steam was introduced onto the through the cords for a mean of 10 sec from above. For 2 hr after this, repeat pressure measurements, as described above, were made. After an overnight stabilizing period, two to three of five randomly chosen air environments were passed over the larynx at 10 liters/min via the proximal tracheotomy, and four half-hourly pressure measurements taken with control periods of at least 2 hr, as described above, separating each experiment. Environments utilized were as follows: i) "cold dry" air, i.e., air at a mean temperature of 9 degrees, obtained by passing compressed air through a coil placed in a solution of alcohol/Dry Ice; ii) "cold moist" air, i.e., air as above, subsequently passed over cold water at a mean temperature of 11 degrees; iii) "warm dry" air, i.e., air at a mean temperature of 36.5 degrees, obtained by passing compressed air through a copper coil, immersed in hot water; iv) "warm moist" air at a mean temperature of 36 degrees, obtained by passing compressed air through a heated Puritan humidifier; v) "ultrasonically produced mist" at room temperature (24 degrees), produced by a De Vilbiss ultrasonic nebulizer 900, set at maximum output. Six 2-hr experimental periods were utilized for each regimen of treatment (i--v). The mean of the combined experimental resistance calculations for each environment were compared statistically with those of its similarly acquired control data, expressed as a positive or negative percentage change, and displayed as a histogram. In addition, the data from each experimental environment were compared with the others, and mean percentage changes from control against time were calculated. Results indicate no statistically significant change in resistance from control for ultrasonic mist or warm moist treatment regimens. Warm dry, cold dry, and cold moist treatments, however, all produced significant reductions in translaryngeal resistance (74%, 60%, and 54%, respectively), there being no difference between cold dry and cold moist and warm dry and cold dry. Significant differences between warm dry and cold moist treatments were obtained, the former decreasing translaryngeal resistance the greatest amount...
Animal behaviour: geomagnetic map used in sea-turtle navigation.

These migratory animals have their own equivalent of a global positioning system. Migratory animals capable of navigating to a specific destination, and of compensating for an artificial displacement into unfamiliar territory, are thought to have a compass for maintaining their direction of travel and a map sense that enables them to know their location relative to their destination1. Compasses are based on environmental cues such as the stars, the Sun, skylight polarization and magnetism2, but little is known about the sensory mechanism responsible for the map sense3,4. Here we show that the green sea-turtle (Chelonia mydas) has a map that is at least partly based on geomagnetic cues.
Tip-radius effect in finite element modeling of sub-50 nm shallow nanoindentation

An accurate representation of the indenter geometry is essential for correct finite element simulations of shallow indentations of less than 50 nm using a 90° cube-corner indenter. A nonlinear regression method for estimating the tip radius of an indenter is presented, which takes into account that initially the contact is only with the spherical surface of the tip and subsequently also includes contact with the equivalent conical surface. The tip radius of a Berkovich indenter is estimated by a finite element modeling (FEM) best-fitting method. Using the estimates of tip radii, the yield strength of gold in the film of a gold/silicon system was estimated from the best fit between FEM simulations and nanoindentation experiments using the 90° cube corner indenter, which compared favorably with an FEM simulation and nanoindentation data using a Berkovich indenter.
Lumped mass matrix in explicit finite element method for transient dynamics of elasticity

Abstract The mass matrix of structural dynamics is discussed for the approximations by linear elements with constant Jacobians. The a-priori error estimate is derived for the explicit finite element method using diagonal mass matrix. With smooth solutions, it is shown that by using diagonal mass matrix or consistent mass matrix, the displacement, velocity, and the energies have the same convergence rates. In fact, the difference in numerical errors by these two methods is of order h2. The same conclusion is valid for a certain type of Reissner–Mindlin plate element for transient dynamics.
Local moments and suppression of antiferromagnetism in correlated Zr4Fe4Si7

We report magnetic, transport, and neutron diffraction measurements as well as a doping study of the V-phase compound Zr${}_{4}$Fe${}_{4}$Si${}_{7}$. This compound exhibits collinear antiferromagnetic order below ${T}_{N}=98\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ K with a staggered moment of 0.57(3)${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}/$Fe as $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}$ 0. The magnetic order can be quenched with Co substitution to the Fe site, but even then a 1.5${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}/$Fe paramagnetic moment remains. The resistivity and heat capacity of Zr${}_{4}$Fe${}_{4}$Si${}_{7}$ are Fermi-liquid-like below 16 and 7 K, respectively, and reveal correlations on the scale of those observed in superconducting Fe pnictides and chalcogenides. Electronic structure calculations overestimate the ordered moment, suggesting the importance of dynamical effects. The existence of magnetic order, electronic correlations, and spin fluctuations make Zr${}_{4}$Fe${}_{4}$Si${}_{7}$ distinct from the majority of Fe-Si compounds, fostering comparison instead with the parent compounds of Fe-based superconductors.
Heat and Moisture Production of Broilers 1. Summer Conditions

Abstract DESIGNING ventilation systems to maintain optimum broiler production, consistent with the economics involved, continues to be one of the most difficult problems facing poultry producers. The recommendations in the many publications on poultry house ventilation cover a wide range, depending on climatic conditions, type and insulation of housing, type of air distribution, type of poultry, and assumptions made in heat and moisture production of poultry. Most of the recommendations are for laying hens, and for areas with moderate climatic conditions. Such recommendations must be applied with caution to broiler houses in areas such as the Southeast United States where rather high summer temperatures are accompanied by high humidity. A comparatively small quantity of data has been published on heat and moisture production of broilers on which to base assumptions necessary for efficient ventilation systems. Ota and McNally (1961) have conducted extensive studies on heat and moisture production of laying hens,…
Hα manifestation of an energetic limb flare, June 21, 1980

The Hα observations of a limb flare, which were associated with exceptional gamma-ray and hard X-ray emission, are presented and discussed. The good spatial and temporal resolution of the Hα data allow us to investigate the detailed structure of the elevated flare loops and the intensity variations of the loops, footpoints and surrounding chromosphere during each phase of the flare event. A delay time of ≈ 12 s was found between at least one of the hard X-ray (28–485 keV) peaks and corresponding Hα intensity maximum at a loop footpoint. A comparison is made between this event and another well-observed limb flare with many similar characteristics to seek evidence for the large difference in their levels of energy release.
Elasticity theory with response function for deformation gradient in terms of stress

A formulation of elasticity theory is presented, for which a response function is taken for the deformation gradient in terms of the stress. The issue of the response function being multi-valued is discussed. The objectivity, the theory of hyperelasticity, internally constrained materials, and material symmetry are studied.
Akute und verzögerte Effekte von Alprazolam auf Flugphobiker während Exposition in vivoa

Conducted a test to determine if a benzodiazepine would enhance or hinder the therapeutic effects of exposure. The test consisted in assessing the therapeutic effects of alprazolam on flight phobics by means of questionnaires and ambulatory recordings. Physiological measures included heart rate, skin conductance levels and fluctuations, finger temperature and respiratory arrhythmia. The test was conducted by means of 2 flights 1 week apart, using 28 female Subjects with flying phobia, who were administered alprazolam and placebos in different sequences and combinations. A control group of 14 non-phobic Subjects was used for comparison purposes. Study results indicate that alprazolam increases physiological activation under acute stress conditions and hinders therapeutic effects of exposure in flight phobics. ((c) 1998 APA/PsycINFO, all rights reserved)
Müntzer and Mysticism: A Contested Connection

As a rebuttal to Harris Friedman's (2015) critique of the psycholinguistic analysis of mysticism by Sundararajan and Kim (2014), this commentary identifies two problems of the critique. First, the text by Sundararajan and Kim have been misread; second, the critique works from insufficient information regarding late medieval German mysticism, which constitutes the historical context for Thomas Muntzer, the self-proclaimed ‘mystic.’
Determination of Cis - and Trans -18:1 fatty acid isomers in hydrogenated vegetable oils by high-resolution carbon nuclear magnetic resonance

Carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) methods for determining the composition of cis-/trans- and positional isomers in hydrogenated vegetable oils were developed to reduce analytical time. By selecting appropriate olefinic carbon peaks and by measuring individual peak areas subsequent to the identification of isomeric peaks on the NMR spectrum, compositional results of the isomers coincided well with those obtained by conventional gas chromatography (GC). Therefore, it is highly beneficial to choose the 13C NMR method when analysis time is limited. Though the proposed 13C NMR method is promising, further development is needed. For the time being, combination with the traditional GC method is still encouraged for precise compositional analysis of cis-/trans- and positional isomers.
Real estate market dynamics during capital market imbalances

Purpose – The major purpose of this paper is to refocus the appraisal profession on estimating value rather than explaining price. The appraisal profession itself encompasses many disciplines of valuation beyond real estate, and transcends disciplines such as economics, the construction trades, business, finance, law, government, statistics, mathematics, geography, geology, mapping, and information sciences.Design/methodology/approach – This paper describes how rapidly changing capital market conditions greatly affected transaction prices for real estate when underlying economic fundamental values of these properties remained unchanged. As such, differences between transaction prices and underlying economic value can be determined when capital markets rapidly expand or contract.Findings – Most of the concepts, methods, processes, and techniques that appraisers use today are the direct result of studies performed within the academic community and most often from some other related field of study, rather th...
Two-Stage Designs with Additional Futility Tests for Phase II Clinical Trials with Heterogeneous Patient Populations

Abstract The patient population for a phase II clinical trial sometimes consists of multiple subgroups categorized by different prognostic factors such as age, disease stage, etc. Response rates across such subgroups often are heterogeneous; that is, the therapy under study may be inefficacious in some groups but efficacious in others. In this article, we propose a two-stage testing procedure consisting of futility tests and efficacy tests. The futility test is performed first within each subgroup. If there is strong evidence that the therapy is inefficacious in some subgroups, these subgroups are excluded from further consideration. The test then is performed across only the remaining subgroups. We carefully define and compute the Type I error rate and powers under various alternative hypotheses. Our numerical studies show that with proper designs, the addition of futility tests causes little loss of power under the alternative hypothesis that the study therapy is efficacious in all subgroups. Simultaneo...
Genetic control of plant development

Abstract Recently, several genes have been cloned that affect plant architecture: CLAVATA1 , which controls the balance between maintenance and organogenesis in the meristem; CUC2 , which separates organ primordia in the meristem; and teosinte branched 1 and cycloidea , which use growth suppression to cause morphological change.
Photochemical transformation of C60 and C70 films

Thin solid films of C60 and C70 have been found to be sensitive to UV-visible light. In the absence of oxygen, which acts as a triplet state quencher, C60 and C70 have been observed to phototransform from a toluene-soluble to a toluene-insoluble state. This phototransformation has been studied via Raman and FTIR spectroscopies, UV-visible transmission spectroscopy and laser desorption mass spectroscopy. The results of these experiments have been interpreted as evidence for a phototransformation from a van der Waals solid to one in which the fullerenes are linked by covalent bonds. For C60, it is proposed that a transformation to a polymeric solid has occurred, whereas a similar flux of UV-visible light applied to C70 is proposed to lead to a random dimerization of the lattice and a much smaller population of higher oligomers. For both phototransformed C60 and C70, the covalent bonds between fullerenes can be broken thermally and the phototransformed material returns to the pristine, toluene-soluble state. UV-visible light can also be used to photochemically assist the diffusion of dioxygen into the interstitial voids in the solid C60 and C70 lattices. For C60, a photochemical enhancement of the O2 diffusion rate by a factor of ~ 10 is observed by alpha particle backscattering, leading to a stoichiometry of ~ C60O2. Similar to C60-polyfullerene, C60(O2)x is also toluene insoluble. As a result, these C60-based films might find photolithographic applications.
An N-terminal peptide from p60src can direct myristylation and plasma membrane localization when fused to heterologous proteins

The src gene product, p60src, of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) is a tyrosine-specific protein kinase which is associated with the plasma membrane of infected cells. Myristic acid is bound in an amide linkage to glycine 2 of p60src. Of the N-terminal 30 kilodaltons of p60src, only amino acids 1-14 are required for myristylation, and myristylation of p60src may be required for its membrane association, and for cell transformation. To test the hypothesis that the first 14 amino acids of p60src contain a recognition sequence for myristylation, we have fused the DNA sequence coding for these amino acids to either the fps gene of the F36 derivative of Fujinami sarcoma virus (FSV), or to the chimpanzee alpha-globin gene. We report here that although the fusion proteins were myristylated, the parental proteins were not, and unlike the non-myristylated F36 p91fps which was not bound to the plasma membrane, the myristylated fusion protein was bound, like p60src. We conclude that the first 14 amino acids of p60src contain a sequence which is sufficient for myristylation, and which may direct proteins to the plasma membrane.
An Accidental Community Psychologist

Abstract This autobiographical statement discusses personal, contextual and intellectual influences that I perceive as influencing my journey towards developing an identity as a community psychologist. Little was really planned; rather many fortuitous events occurred both in my personal space and in the larger societal context. These somehow interacted and I became an accidental community psychologist.
The effects of sample size on some derived measures in vertebrate faunal analysis

Abstract Analysis of three kinds of measures derived from archaeological and palaeontological faunal collections (measures of relative taxonomic abundance, measures of taxonomic diversity, and a measure proposed to distinguish natural from cultural bone) demonstrates that in many instances such measures may be, or are, a function of sample size. A procedure for detecting this situation is suggested, and the source of the interrelationships discussed.
Artificial intelligence techniques for ground test monitoring of rocket engines

An expert system is being developed which can detect anomalies in Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) sensor data significantly earlier than the redline algorithm currently in use. The training of such an expert system focuses on two approaches which are based on low frequency and high frequency analyses of sensor data. Both approaches are being tested on data from SSME tests and their results compared with the findings of NASA and Rocketdyne experts. Prototype implementations have detected the presence of anomalies earlier than the redline algorithms that are in use currently. It therefore appears that these approaches have the potential of detecting anomalies early eneough to shut down the engine or take other corrective action before severe damage to the engine occurs.
The Virtual Architecture of Silicon Valley

Abstract Over the past half-century, as Silicon Valley has emerged as the Mecca of digital technology, the buildings of the area have remained resolutely bland, superficial, and ephemeral. This may in fact signal not mere cheapness but also an alternative aesthetic, as yet unarticulated: a self-conscious aversion to architectural representations of hierarchy, stability, and technological permanence. Tracing the history as well as present trends of design and research and development in Silicon Valley, this article suggests a challenge as well as an opportunity for architects, but only if they are willing to put aside some of the profession's fundamental premises.
Predictors of print knowledge in children with specific language impairment: experiential and developmental factors.

Purpose Many children with specific language impairment (SLI) demonstrate delays in print knowledge, yet the reasons for these delays are not well understood. The present study investigates the deg...
THE EFFECT OF OVARIAN AND HYPOPHYSEAL HORMONES ON MAMMARY GLAND EPITHELIAL CELL PROLIFERATION.

Castrated and castrated and hypophysectomized female mice (BALB/c) were injected subcutaneously with estradiol-17β (0.5 μg or 1.0 μg/day) and progesterone (1.0 mg or 3 mg/day) in addition to prolactin (1.0 mg), oxytocin (1.0 IU) or growth hormone (1.0 mg), alone and in combination for 10 or 15 days. Twenty-four hours after the last hormonal treatment, tritiated thymidine (0.7 μc/gram body weight) was injected intravenously, and the mice sacrificed six hours later. Tissue from the inguinal mammary glands was removed and processed for radioautographic, histological and whole mount study. Radioautographs of hematoxylin stained sections of mammary tissue from each animal were selected. Under oil immersion, 2,000 epithelial cells were consecutively counted and the number of labeled cells noted. Results are expressed as the per cent of labeled epithelial cells. All hormonal treatment, except oxytocin alone, caused a significant increase in per cent of labeled cells as compared to castrated, untreated animals. The per cent of labeled cells depended, in general, on the dosage and duration of treatment. Combinations of growth hormone with estradiol-17β and progesterone did not augment epithelial proliferation. The addition of oxytocin or prolactin to the estradiol-17β (0.5 μg) — progesterone (1.0 mg) combination significantly increased the per cent of labeled cells. Prolactin, but not oxytocin, augmented epithelial proliferation in similarly treated castrated and hypophysectomized mice. Combinations of estradiol-17β (1.0 μg) and progesterone (3.0 mg) with oxytocin or prolactin did not significantly augment epithelial proliferation as compared to ovarian steroid treatment alone.
Concerted inhibition of NADP+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase by oxalacetate and glyoxylate. I. Oxalomalate formation and stability, and nature of the enzyme inhibition

Abstract Oxalacetate and glyoxylate are each weak inhibitors of NADP + -specific isocitrate dehydrogenase ( threo - d S -isocitrate:NADP + oxidoreductase (decarboxylating), EC 1.1.1.42). Together, however, they act in a concerted manner and strongly inhibit the enzyme. The rates of formation and dissociation of the enzyme inhibitor complex, and the rate of formation and the stability of the aldol condensation product of oxalacetate and glyoxylate, oxalomalate, were examined. The data obtained do not support the often suggested possibility that oxalomalate, per se, formed non-enzymatically in isocitrate dehydrogenase assay mixtures containing oxalacetate and glyoxylate, is reponsible for the observed inhibition of the enzyme. Rather, the data presented in this communication suggest that oxalacetate binds to the enzyme first, and that the subsequent binding of glyoxylate leads to the formation of a catalytically inactive enzyme-inhibitor complex.
Detecting margin leakage of dental composite restorations

The degree of microleakage between a restoration and the cavity wall is difficult to quantify objectively. A silver-staining method is used and compared to the radioisotope method with results that indicate a superior definition and more accurate evaluation of microleakage. In addition to the accuracy, two advantages are presented: (1) scoring of the leakage can be refined and divided into more precise numbers, and (2) teeth can be observed directly in a microscope without resorting to the indirect interpretation of film or photograph.
Unsteady flow in a circular sector duct

Abstract Analytic solutions for the unsteady flow in a circular sector duct are found using series sums of Bessel integrals. For starting flow due to a step pressure gradient, the velocity profile is initially flat, then approaches the rounded steady state shape in a time scale proportional to the square of opening angle of the sector. For oscillatory flow, the velocity is quasi-steady for low frequencies, but shows “annular effect” at large frequencies. Increased opening angle increases the amplitude and the phase lag. In all cases, the shear stress at the apex is zero for acute sector angles but becomes infinite for obtuse sector angles.
Autonomy, Adaptation, and Rationality—A Critical Discussion of Jon Elster’s Concept of “Sour Grapes,” Part II:

This paper argues against Jon Elster’s contention that there is a fundamental incompatibility between, on one hand, autonomy and rationality and, on the other hand, adaptation to conditions of one’s existence in the sense that one’s desires or preferences are adjusted to what it is possible to achieve. While the first part of the paper more narrowly concentrated on Elster’s discussion of these ideas, this second part goes on to a more general discussion of the concept of rationality. On the basis of this discussion, it is claimed that Elster’s conclusions concerning autonomy and adaptation are premised on a defective conception of human experience and rationality. Moreover, the claim is made that these defects are also characteristic of “rational choice theory” more generally.
Removal of foreign bodies from the tracheobronchial tree

Abstract With a 5-yr period, 82 infants and children were seen with confirmed foreign body aspiration. Seventy-five of them underwent bronchoscopy for removal of the foreign body. There was no correlation between duration of symptoms and hospitalization, and patients who had aspirated peanuts required no longer hospital stay than those who aspirated other vegetable or nonvegetable matter. Comparison of these results with a similar series treated primarily with postural drainage indicates that a 24-hr trial of this therapy will clear the airway in about 80% of children.
Cluster–surface collisions by phase-space compressed guided-ion beam methods

Abstract A new instrument for production and analysis of samples created by mass-selected ion beam deposition is described. The deposition beamline makes use of a novel phase-space compressor that improves the focusability of the beam at low energies, allowing use with low current cluster ion sources. To illustrate the method, our initial results are presented for deposition of Cu+ and Cu2+ on molybdenum over the energy range from 6 to 220 eV. It is found that deposition of Cu+ at low impact energies results in Cu depositing on the surface with sticking probability of ∼0.6. As the energy is increased above ∼100 eV, an increasing fraction of subsurface copper is observed. In the Cu/Mo system, diffusion of subplanted Cu to the surface is thermodynamically favored, and this probably accounts for the observation of no subplanted Cu at impact energies up to 100 eV. For Cu2+, the results are quite different. The apparent deposition efficiency is similar to that observed for Cu+, however, a significant fraction of sub-surface copper is observed at energies down to ∼40 eV (20 eV/atom). This greater tendency for production of subplanted copper is tentatively rationalized as resulting from a greater propensity for dimer impact to produce complex defects that stabilize subplanted copper. Possible production mechanisms for such defects are discussed.
Complex Jordan operators

We prove that an operator J is of the form J = M + N where M is normal, N2 = 0, and M commutes with N if and only if J satisfies the three equations J*nJ3-3JJ*nJ2+3J2J*nJ-J3J*n = 0, n = 1, 2, and 3.
Successive wave crests in Gaussian seas

Abstract In this paper, following the theory of quasi-determinism of Boccotti [Boccotti P. Wave mechanics for ocean engineering. Oxford: Elsevier Science.], the necessary and sufficient conditions, for the occurrence of two successive wave crests of large heights in a gaussian sea, are given. It is proven that the first two-peaks part of the autocovariance function ψ ( T ) describes the structure of two successive-wave patterns. As a corollary, it is shown that the tail probability of the joint distribution of two successive wave crests is given by a bivariate Weibull distribution. The Weibull parameter is equal to ψ 2 * = ψ ( T 2 * ) / ψ ( 0 ) . Here, T 2 * is the abscissa of the second absolute maximum of the autocovariance function ψ ( T ). The analytical results are in agreement with Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, as an application, the maximum expected wave crest pressure in an undisturbed deep water waves is evaluated by taking into account the stochastic dependence of successive wave crests.
Spheroplast production in thymine starvation.

“THYMINELESS DEATH” is the progressive loss of the ability to form colonies in thymine dependent bacteria growing in a medium lacking this pyrimidine1. This treatment is considered to be responsible for the induction of colicine2, lysogenic phage3, and mutagenic activity4. This report links thymine starvation with spheroplast formation in a mutant of Escherichia coli 15 which requires thymine and histidine for growth, and cannot grow in the presence of 100 µg norleucine/ml.
Sub-sampling data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey for application to the Bird Community Index, an indicator of ecological condition

Abstract We examined the use of data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) for assessments of ecological condition using an avian community-based indicator, the Bird Community Index (BCI). In previous research, the BCI was developed and applied to a random sample of sites in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands. The goal of providing national scale assessments with bird community indicators hinges on a demonstration that existing monitoring programs, like the BBS, can be tapped as source data for the indicators. Our goal was to compare a BBS-based assessment of the Mid-Atlantic Highlands to our original assessment based on random sampling locations. We subsampled three iterations of BBS route data from the study area to account for spatial and temporal scale differences between 40 km BBS routes and the original 1 km transects sampled to develop the BCI. All three iterations of BBS subsamples provided lower overall assessments of ecological condition for the Mid-Atlantic Highlands relative to our original research. Land cover analysis, however, revealed that BBS routes sampled land cover types in proportion to their actual prevalence in the region. Thus, we conclude that BBS data are appropriate as source data for broad scale ecological assessments with indicators such as the BCI. For numerous analytical and logistical reasons, we recommend 10-stop subsamples of BBS data as the preferred scale at which to apply bird community indicators of ecological condition.
Variation in the NS3/NS3A gene of bluetongue viruses contained in Culicoides sonorensis collected from a single site in southern California.

To determine the variability of the NS3/NS3A gene of field strains of BTV contained in Culicoides sonorensis collected from a single site in California (CA), the NS3/NS3A gene was directly amplified and sequenced from 22 pools of C. sonorensis and compared with those of previously characterized field isolates from CA, as well as to viruses that caused recent outbreaks of bluetongue disease in ruminants in CA. Phylogenetic analysis established that the NS3/NS3A gene of strains of BTV contained in C. sonorensis collected from the site exists as a heterogeneous population. The two most divergent nucleotide sequences of the NS3/NS3A genes of these viruses differed by 2.5% (18 nucleotides). Comparison with the NS3/NS3A gene sequences from viruses that caused recent instances of bluetongue disease in ruminants in CA indicated that BTV strains from different geographic regions can exhibit a higher degree of genetic heterogeneity (up to 6.6%; 0–48 nucleotide differences) than those contained in C. sonorensis collected from a single site. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Abnormalities of 2q: A common genetic link between rhabdomyosarcoma and hepatoblastoma?

Cytogenetic and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses were performed on a mediastinal germ cell tumor comprising distinct teratoma and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma components in a 31-year-old male and a hepatoblastoma in a 2 month-old male child. Clonal relationship between the teratoma and rhabdomyosarcoma of the germ cell tumor was established by the presence in both of i(12p), the characteristic marker of germ cell tumors. Both the rhabdomyosarcoma component of the mediastinal germ cell tumor and the hepatoblastoma exhibited rearrangements of 2q. These data suggest that malignant differentiation of a teratoma is accompanied by the development of chromosome abnormalities specific for the transformed histology and further suggest that 2q abnormalities may be the common genetic link in the development of the two histologically unrelated tumor types, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and hepatoblastoma.
Implantation of a left ventricular assist device and the hub-and-spoke system in treating acute cardiogenic shock: who survives?

We have established a regional referral network that facilitates the transfer of patients in cardiogenic shock to our center for definitive management. This “hub-and-spoke” network has proven to be effective in treating this critically ill population. Postcardiotomy shock complicates 2% to 6% of cardiac procedures. 1 The incidence of cardiogenic shock following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is 5% to 15%. 2 Medical management composed of inotropes and pressors with or without intra-aortic balloon pump support represents the standard of care in treating these patients. The advent of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) introduced a surgical option for cases refractory to medical management. This study delineates who survives in this population and how the postcardiotomy setting impacts device placement. Methods
Optimization of production scheduling.

SUMMARY This study deals with the problem of optimum production scheduling. The problem is solved in detail by a discrete form of Pontryagin's maximum principle to illustrate the use of the principle.
Comparison studies of instrumentally inseminated and naturally mated honey bee queens and factors affecting their performance

Instrumental insemination, a reliable method to control honey bee mating, is an essential tool for research and stock improvement. A review of studies compare colony performance of instrumentally inseminated queens, IIQs, and naturally mated queens, NMQs. Factors affecting queen performance are also reviewed. The collective results of the data demonstrate that the different methodologies used, in the treatment of queens, has a significant affect on performance rather than the insemination procedure. Beekeeping practices can optimize or inhibit performance. The competitive performance of IIQs is demonstrated when queens are given proper care. The advantage of selection and a known semen dosage can result in higher performance levels of IIQs.
Characterizing Programming Systems Allowing Program Self-Reference

The interest is in characterizing insightfully the power of program self-reference in effective programming systems ( $\mathsf{epses}$), the computability-theoretic analogs of programming languages (for the partial computable functions). In an $\mathsf{eps}$in which the constructive form of Kleene’s Recursion Theorem (KRT) holds, it is possible to construct, algorithmically, from an arbitrary algorithmic task, a self-referential program that, in a sense, creates a self-copy and then performs that task on the self-copy. In an $\mathsf{eps}$in which the not-necessarily-constructive form of Kleene’s Recursion Theorem (krt) holds, such self-referential programs exist, but cannot, in general, be found algorithmically. In an earlier effort, Royer proved that there is no collection of recursive denotational control structures whose implementability characterizes the $\mathsf{epses}$in which KRT holds. One main result herein, proven by a finite injury priority argument, is that the $\mathsf{epses}$in which krt holds are, similarly, not characterized by the implementability of some collection of recursive denotational control structures. On the positive side, however, a characterization of such $\mathsf{epses}$of a rather different sort is shown herein. Though, perhaps not the insightful characterization sought after, this surprising result reveals that a hidden and inherent constructivity is always present in krt.