cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The critical cross-section of a vortex

This paper discusses the problem of critical-flow cross-sections in vortex flows. It is shown that there are two different types of vortex flows, A-type and B-type vortices (say). An A-type vortex approaches its critical flow state as its cross-sectional area increases and departs from the critical state as the cross-sectional area is decreased. This property is associated with the particular dependence of total pressure and circulation on the stream function, and it holds for both subcritical and supercritical A-type vortices. On the other hand, both subcritical and supercritical B-type vortices approach their critical flow states as their cross-sectional areas are decreased and depart from their critical states for increasing cross-sectional area. As was shown by Benjamin, setting the first variation of the flow force with respect to the stream function equal to zero leads to Euler's equation of motion. The second variation also vanishes if the corresponding flow state is critical. In this case the sign of the third variation decides whether the flow is an A-type or a B-type vortex. Within the framework of inviscid-fluid flow theory the type of a vortex is preserved unless vortex breakdown occurs. Making use of the knowledge that vortex flows are controlled by two different types of critical-flow cross-sections a variety of vortex flow phenomena are investigated, including the two types of inlet vortices that are observed upstream of jet engines, the behavior of vortex valves, the flow characteristics of liquid-fuel atomizers and the bath tub vortex.
Jaynes' chimeric faces: Another look into the mirror

Abstract In The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind, Jaynes (1976) presented a technique—involving the selection of the happier of two line-drawing chimeric faces—that is theorized to measure hemispheric laterality. Certain imperfections in the published stimuli have led some critics to question the task's validity, while others maintain that even the flawed stimuli are measuring some aspect of laterality. In this study, further data are presented to show that this task, despite its inherent biases, is still sensitive to differences in perception between left-handers and right-handers. The implications of this sensitivity are discussed.
Localization of Extratemporal Seizure with Noninvasive Dense-Array EEG Comparison with Intracranial Recordings

A 13-year-old girl presented with refractory seizures since the age of 5 years. Clinical exam and MRI studies were normal. Ictal EEG discharges suggested possible left posterior quadrant distribution but were not well localized with standard methods. A seizure was recorded during 128-channel EEG video long-term monitoring prior to invasive recordings. Applying a source analysis method, seizure onset and propagation patterns were calculated and displayed on an MRI model. The onset was localized to the left inferior posterior occipital cortex, followed by propagation to the right, then left, posterior cerebral hemispheres, and finally to the left superior-medial parietal lobe. These patterns were replicated closely on subsequent invasive recordings. Surgery was based on intracranial findings and she is seizure-free 30 months after resection. Noninvasive dense-array EEG, used in conjunction with realistic source analysis methods, may have the potential to assist in localizing seizure onsets when standard methods fail.
Vicarious calibration of Terra ASTER, MISR, and MODIS

The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection and Radiometer (ASTER), Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are all onboard the Terra platform. An important aspect of the use of MODIS, and other Earth Science Enterprise sensors, has been the characterization and calibration of the sensors and validation of their data products. The Remote Sensing Group at the University of Arizona has been active in this area through the use of ground-based test sites. This paper presents the results from the reflectance-base approach using the Railroad Valley Playa test site in Nevada for ASTER, MISR, and MODIS and thus effectively a cross-calibration between all three sensors. The key to the approach is the measurement of surface reflectance over a 1-km 2 area of the playa and results from this method shows agreement with MODIS to better than 5%. The paper examines biases between ASTER and the other two sensors in the VNIR due to uncertainties in the onboard calibrator for ASTER and in the SWIR due to an optical crosstalk effect.
The role of multimedia interactive programs in training for laparoscopic procedures

Background The application of minimally invasive techniques to the performance of abdominal surgery by general surgeons has been perhaps the greatest advance in the history of general surgery. The safe adoption of many of these procedures, however, has been hampered by significant obstacles, mainly due to the problem of providing adequate training for surgeons. Outside of animal and cadaver labs, most training has been didactic in nature, and adoption rates after completion of these courses are discouraging. Multimedia interactive training has been used in a number of high-tech industries with great success. A>60% improvement in the learning curve after multimedia interactive training, as compared to traditional didactic training, has been reported. Multimedia interactive training programs for surgeons that use content and input from multiple experts in laparoscopic procedures have now been developed.
Will the Number of Milligrams of an Opioid Dose Ever Re-Achieve the Truly Meaningless Status It Deserves?

There is a notion that tolerance is an inevitable complication when patients are maintained on opioid analgesic regimens for an extended period of time. Whether this is true or not, it is important to remember that, in spite of growing regulatory scrutiny and spreading fear around these medications, defining "ceiling doses" of opioids has more to do with clinician comfort and much less to do with reality and patient requirements. This commentary posits that clinicians must return to the principles of balancing efficacy with toxicity as the dose-limiting factor once again, contextualized by outcomes in the areas of function and compliant drug-taking.
Central and local limit theorems applied to asymptotic enumeration

Abstract Let a double sequence an(k) ⩾ 0 be given. We prove a simple theorem on generating functions which can be used to establish the asymptotic normality of an(k) as a function of k. Next we turn our attention to local limit theorems in order to obtain asymptotic formulas for an(k). Applications include constant coefficient recursions, Stirling numbers, and Eulerian numbers.
Frequency dependence of hopping conductivity and mixed alkali effect

The temperature dependence of the percolation efficiency of a binary system in the two-dimensional honeycomb lattice was extracted from the calculation of the difference in the composition dependence of δ (∞) and δ(0) in order to show that the percolation efficiency consititutes the major part of the mixed alkali effect. The path probability method calculates δ(∞) correctly in the pair approximation, while for the calculation of δ(0), both the instantaneous distribution conversion process and the time conversion process were applied.
Mobyle SNAP Workbench: a web-based analysis portal for population genetics and evolutionary genomics

Summary: Previously we developed the stand-alone SNAP Workbench toolkit that integrated a wide array of bioinformatics tools for phylogenetic and population genetic analyses. We have now developed a web-based portal front-end, using the Mobyle portal framework, which executes all of the programs available in the stand-alone SNAP Workbench toolkit on a high-performance Linux cluster. Additionally, we have expanded the selection of programs to over 189 tools, including population genetic, genome assembly and analysis tools, as well as metagenomic and large-scale phylogenetic analyses. The Mobyle SNAP Workbench web portal allows end users to (i) execute and manage otherwise complex command-line programs, (ii) launch multiple exploratory analyses of parameter-rich and computationally intensive methods and (iii) track the sequence of steps and parameters that were used to perform a specific analysis. Analysis pipelines or workflows for population genetic, metagenomic and genome assembly provide automation of data conversion, analysis and graphical visualization for biological inference. Availability: The Mobyle SNAP Workbench portal is freely available online at http://snap.hpc.ncsu.edu/. The XMLs can be downloaded at http://carbonelab.org/system/files/snap_xmls.tgz. Each XML provides links to help files, online documentation and sample data. Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
An Integrated Starter-Alternator System Using Induction Machine Winding Reconfiguration

A system designed for use as an integrated starter- alternator unit in an automobile is presented in this paper. The new system utilizes a basic squirrel-cage rotor induction machine with the ability to externally switch the winding configuration for optimal performance. A conventional V/f motor controlling inverter drives the machine in starting mode and rectifies the output of the generator in alternating mode. A system controller manages the inverter and user interface to the system. This system is designed to minimize cost and exhibit good reliability.
Coral-Associated Bacterial Assemblages: Current Knowledge and the Potential for Climate-Driven Impacts

The importance of associations between microorganisms and their invertebrate hosts is becoming increasingly apparent. An emerging field, driven by the necessity to understand the microbial relationships that both maximize coral health and cause coral disease, is the study of coral-bacteria interactions. In this article, we review our current understanding of the diversity, specificity, development, and functions of coral-associated bacteria. We also summarize what is known regarding the role of coral microbiota in the health and disease of coral. We conduct a meta-analysis to determine whether the presence of unique taxa correlates with the state of coral health (i.e. healthy, diseased or bleached), as well as whether coral reef habitats harbor clusters of distinct taxa. We find that healthy and bleached corals harbor similar dominant taxa, although bleached corals had higher proportions of Vibrio and Acidobacteria. Diseased corals generally had more Rhodobacter, Clostridia, and Cyanobacteria sequences, and fewer Oceanospirillum sequences. We caution, however, that while 16S rRNA is useful for microbial species identification, it is a poor predictor of habitat or lifestyle, and care should be taken in interpretation of 16S rRNA surveys to identify potential pathogens amongst complex coral-microbial assemblages. Finally, we highlight evidence that coral-bacterial assemblages could be sensitive to the effects of climatic change. We suggest that the relationship between coral and their bacterial associates represents a valuable model that can be applied to the broader discipline of invertebrate-microbial interactions.
Shear mode griding

It is argued that (1) shear-mode grinding of glass occurs with abrasive particle sizes less than 1 mu m, that it is the mechanical limit of the more common mechanical-chemical glass polishing, and that the debris is insufficient in size to perform the function of eroding the binder in the grinding wheel and thus necessitates the addition of an abrasive and/or chemical additions to the coolant to effect wheel-dressing. The work groups together a series of observations and work by authors and others which, when taken together, forms a picture of shear and mode grinding in a production environment. >
RF MEMS switches fabricated on microwave-laminate printed circuit boards

A novel fabrication process has been developed for directly constructing radio frequency microelectrical mechanical systems (RF MEMS) capacitive switches on microwave-laminate printed circuit boards (PCBs). The integrated process uses metal wet etching to form the metal lines for coplanar waveguides, compressive molding planarization (COMP) to planarize uneven surface heights for switch membrane formation, and high-density, inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition (HDICP-CVD) for low-temperature silicon nitride deposition. This technology promises the potential of further monolithic integration with antennas on the same PCBs to form reconfigurable antennas without the concerns of mismatching among components.
Comparing interventions and exploring neural mechanisms of exercise in Parkinson disease: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Effective treatment of locomotor dysfunction in Parkinson disease (PD) is essential, as gait difficulty is an early and major contributor to disability. Exercise is recommended as an adjunct to traditional treatments for improving gait, balance, and quality of life. Among the exercise approaches known to improve walking, tango and treadmill training have recently emerged as two promising therapies for improving gait, disease severity and quality of life, yet these two interventions have not been directly compared to each other. Prior studies have been helpful in identifying interventions effective in improving gait function, but have done little to elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying functional improvements. The primary objective of the proposed work is to compare the effects of three community-based exercise programs, tango, treadmill training and stretching, on locomotor function in individuals with PD. In addition, we aim to determine whether and how these interventions alter functional connectivity of locomotor control networks in the brain. Methods/Design: One hundred and twenty right-handed individuals with idiopathic PD who are at least 30 years of age will be assigned in successive waves to one of three community-based exercise groups: tango dancing, treadmill training or stretching (control). Each group will receive three months of exercise training with twice weekly one-hour group classes. Each participant will be evaluated at three time points: pre-intervention (baseline), post-intervention (3 months), and follow-up (6 months). All evaluations will include assessment of gait, balance, disease severity, and quality of life. Baseline and post-intervention evaluations will also include task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and resting state functional connectivity MRI. All MRI and behavioral measures will be conducted with participants OFF anti-Parkinson medication, with behavioral measures also assessed ON medication. Discussion: This study will provide important insights regarding the effects of different modes of exercise on locomotor function in PD. The protocol is innovative because it: 1) uses group exercise approaches for all conditions including treadmill training, 2) directly compares tango to treadmill training and stretching, 3) tests participants OFF medication, and 4) utilizes two distinct neuroimaging approaches to explore mechanisms of the effects of exercise on the brain.
The Pre-Eminence of Theory versus the European CVAR Perspective in Macroeconometric Modeling

The primary aim of the paper is to place current methodological discussions in macroeconometric modeling contrasting the ‘theory first’ versus the ‘data first’ perspectives in the context of a broader methodological framework with a view to constructively appraise them. In particular, the paper focuses on Colander’s argument in his paper “Economists, Incentives, Judgement, and the European CVAR Approach to Macroeconometrics” contrasting two different perspectives in Europe and the US that are currently dominating empirical macroeconometric modeling and delves deeper into their methodological/philosophical underpinnings. It is argued that the key to establishing a constructive dialogue between them is provided by a better understanding of the role of data in modern statistical inference, and how that relates to the centuries old issue of the realisticness of economic theories.
Commentary: psychological treatment of physical symptoms: who should get what?

asthma, juvenile diabetes mellitus, or cancer. As described by the authors, most studies have focused on main effects, with varied results. Either investigators did not consider potential moderating variables or the samples in these studies were too small to test meaningfully for interactions. With increasingly limited resources in the age of “managed care,” individual differences in responses to interventions become a salient issue and of practical importance (Barr, Boyce, & Zeltzer, 1994; Boyce, Barr, and Zeltzer, 1992; Zeltzer, Barr, McGrath, & Schechter, 1992). Thus, as the authors note, one of the key directions for future research is to design studies that will better address not only “what works better than what else” but also “who should get what” for optimizing positive outcomes. Unless the identification of individual differences is embedded in intervention studies, results will likely be diluted and not as useful to the clinician. From an historical perspective, it appears that various psychological interventions were in fashion over time as the topic of study until newer, more “hip” interventions took their place. For example, intervention shifts took place spanning the spectrum from psychoanalysis to family systems approaches to relaxation training to hypnotherapy to social skills training, to name a few. However, the focus has been on testing an intervention strategy rather than on studying likely mechanisms of psychobiologic interface with subsequent development and testing of theory-driven interventions designed to affect this interface in very specific ways. For example, salient moderating variables on asthma severity, diabetic control, or chemotherapy-related Journal of Pediatric Psychology, Vol. 24, No. 4, 1999, pp. 333–334
NEW NOCTUIDS FOR 1903, No. 3—WITH NOTES ON SOME DESCRIBED SPECIES

The first paper of this series is in the January number of this Journal (pp. 9–14); the second is in the April issue of the Journal of the New York Entomological Society. The present instalment deals chiefly with species found in the Western Provinces of British America and a few others that are likely to occur there. The determination of a new species of Rancora from Calgary and Manitoba makes some general remarks on that genus timely. There is a number of excellent collectors now hard at work on th Noctuid fauna of that general region an extending westward to Vancouver, whose work deserves the greatest praise and to whose efforts is due the development of a totally new faunal region for this family of moths.
Multilocus genotypes from Charles Darwin's finches: biodiversity lost since the voyage of the Beagle.

Genetic analysis of museum specimens offers a direct window into a past that can predate the loss of extinct forms. We genotyped 18 Galapagos finches collected by Charles Darwin and companions during the voyage of the Beagle in 1835, and 22 specimens collected in 1901. Our goals were to determine if significant genetic diversity has been lost since the Beagle voyage and to determine the genetic source of specimens for which the collection locale was not recorded. Using 'ancient' DNA techniques, we quantified variation at 14 autosomal microsatellite loci. Assignment tests showed several museum specimens genetically matched recently field-sampled birds from their island of origin. Some were misclassified or were difficult to classify. Darwin's exceptionally large ground finches (Geospiza magnirostris) from Floreana and San Cristobal were genetically distinct from several other currently existing populations. Sharp-beaked ground finches (Geospiza difficilis) from Floreana and Isabela were also genetically distinct. These four populations are currently extinct, yet they were more genetically distinct from congeners than many other species of Darwin's finches are from each other. We conclude that a significant amount of the finch biodiversity observed and collected by Darwin has been lost since the voyage of the Beagle.
Anharmonic Oscillator. II. A Study of Perturbation Theory in Large Order

This paper is concerned with the nature of perturbation theory in very high order. Specifically, we study the Rayleigh-Schrodinger expansion of the energy eigenvalues of the anharmonic oscillator. We have developed two independent mathematical techniques (WKB analysis and difference-equation methods) for determining the large- n behavior of A K n , the n th Rayleigh-Schrodinger coefficient for the K th energy level. We are not concerned here with placing bounds on the growth of A K n , as n , the order of perturbation theory, gets large. Rather, we consider the more delicate problem of determining the precise asymptotic behavior of A K n , as n → ∞ for both the Wick-ordered and non-Wick—ordered oscillators. Our results are in exact agreement with numerical fits obtained from computer studies of the anharmonic oscillator to order 150 in perturbation theory.
A tree-based link protection algorithm

High-speed network needs efficient protection scheme. This paper studies the tree-based link protection and restoration method in optical mesh network. Two logical trees can be overlain on a physical network for protection of the physical links and nodes. The nontree links are protected by either of the trees, while the tree links can be protected by one or both trees. A new algorithm is presented here on how to build two trees on a physical network. These two trees can share the same edge if their directions are different, thus reducing the overall restoration capacity, and minimizing the network total cost. Performance analysis of the algorithm executed in some existing network is presented. We can show that with this scheme the time complexity will reduce compared with the two-stage P-cycle optimization method. Also, in the best case, this scheme can get the optimization restorability result.
The relations between intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight for partially alcoholized polyvinyl acetates

Viscosities of partially alcoholized polyvinyl acetates were measured at 25°C. using water as solvent. The intrinsic viscosity decreases, whereas the Huggins constant, k′, increases with increasing fraction of nonalcoholized acetate groups in the polymer. A plot of the viscosity of a 4.0% solution against the degree of alcoholysis exhibits a minimum approximately at 87% alcoholysis. The following equation was established, which expresses the intrinsic viscosity of partially alcoholized polyvinyl acetate as a function of the fraction of alcoholized acetate groups, α, and of the molecular weight: It is shown that in partially alcoholized polyvinyl acetate the larger molecules are somewhat more completely alcoholized than the smaller ones. The resulting heterogeneity with respect to the degree of alcoholysis affects the efficiency of fractionation of such a polymer with respect to its chain length.
Del final del sistema- mundo capitalista hacia un nuevo sistema- histórico alternativo: la utopística de Immanuel Wallerstein

Resumen es: Para entender el pensamiento ?utopistico? de Immanuel Wallerstein primero es necesario diagramar un breve recuento de su perspectiva teorica, mejor conoc...
Cutting Edge: Pulmonary Immunopathology Mediated by Antigen-Specific Expression of TNF-α by Antiviral CD8+ T Cells

Respiratory virus infection results in considerable pulmonary immunopathology, a component of which results from the host immune responses. We have developed a murine model to specifically examine the lung injury due to CD8+ T cell recognition of an influenza hemagglutinin (HA) transgene on lung epithelium in the absence of replicating virus, after adoptive transfer. Lung injury is largely mediated by chemokines expressed by the epithelial cells upon T cell recognition mediated by TNF-α. To determine the critical source of TNF-α, HA-specific TNF−/− CD8+ T cells were transferred into HA transgenic animals, and lung injury was not observed, though these T cells exhibited no defect in antiviral activity in vivo. This indicates that the initiating event in the injury process is Ag-specific expression of TNF-α by antiviral CD8+ T cells upon recognition of alveolar epithelial Ag, and that the effector activities responsible for viral clearance may be dissociable from those resulting in immunopathology.
Nurses' uniforms: How many bacteria do they carry after one shift?

This pilot study investigated the pathogens that nurses are potentially bringing into the public and their home when they wear work uniforms outside of the work environment. To achieve this, sterilized uniforms were distributed to 10 nurses at a local hospital in Washington State at the beginning of their shift. Worn uniforms were collected at the end of the shifts and sent to a laboratory for analysis. Four tests were conducted: 1) a heterotrophic growth plate count, 2) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) growth, 3) vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), and 4) identification of the heterotrophic plate counts. Each participant completed a questionnaire and a survey. The results showed that the average bacteria colony growth per square inch was 1,246 and 5,795 for day and night shift, respectively. After 48 h, MRSA positives were present on 4 of the day shift and 3 of the night shift uniforms. Additional bacteria identified include: Bacillus sp., Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Micrococcus roseus. The significant presence of bacteria on the uniforms 48 h after the shift ended necessitates further study, discussions and policy consideration regarding wearing health care uniforms outside of the work environment. Key words: Scrubs, uniforms, infections, nurses, healthcare providers, pathogens.
Small-angle neutron scattering measurements of deuteride (hydride) formation and decomposition in single-crystal Pd

The deuteride (hydride) precipitation and decomposition microstructure in single-crystal Pd has been investigated in a series of in situ small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. The particle morphology along the absorption and desorption branches of the 353-K pressure-composition isotherm are consistent with a loss of particle coherency, leading to the formation of large, micron-thick plates. The loss of coherency coincides with the system entering the miscibility gap, an observation that suggests irreversible dislocation formation in part drives the hysteretic behavior of the Pd-D (-H) system. SANS analysis further indicates that the decomposition process is characterized by a much higher particle dispersion, with a factor of 40 greater surface-to-volume ratio of the precipitating phase. This we attribute to a more heterogeneous transformation process, presumably at dislocations formed during initial deuteride formation.
Structural and electrochemical properties of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous tin(IV) oxide films

This paper presents a colloidal-crystal templating technique to prepare three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) tin(IV) oxide films for use as lithium ion anodes. In principle, 3DOM architectures are expected to diminish diffusional polarization and yield high rates of charge/discharge due to ion diffusion pathlengths on a nanometer scale and ready electrolyte access to relatively large internal electrode/electrolyte interfacial areas. Uniformly-sized polymer spheres were deposited in a close-packed arrangement on a current collecting substrate. A tin(IV) fluid precursor infiltrated the interstitial space between the spheres and was dried. Subsequent calcination removed the polymer sphere template and formed an inverse opal film composed of nanocrystalline SnO2. These films were characterized by SEM, XRD, elemental analysis, BET, CV, and galvanostatic cycling. Large structural changes occurred in these samples as a result of the formation of LixSn (0 ≤ x ≤ 4.4) alloys during cycling. This swelling could not be suppressed by the inclusion of additives to the precursor solution. Morphological changes were absent after cycling at significantly higher rates, possibly due to ohmic losses that prevented the electrochemical reactions from occurring.
Trajectories of Ethnic-Racial Identity and Autonomy Among Mexican-Origin Adolescent Mothers in the United States

This study examined trajectories of ethnic-racial identity (ERI) and autonomy development among Mexican-origin adolescent females in the United States (N = 181; M(age) at Wave 1 = 16.80 years, SD = 1.00) as they transitioned through the first 5 years of parenthood. Trajectories of ERI and autonomy also were examined in relation to psychosocial functioning. Unconditional latent growth models indicated significant growth in autonomy, ERI resolution, and ERI affirmation from middle to late adolescence. Conditional latent growth models indicated that autonomy and ERI exploration growth trajectories were positively associated with psychosocial adjustment. Although adolescent mothers are experiencing transitions that are not normative during adolescence, they also engage in normative developmental processes, and their engagement in such processes is linked with better adjustment.
Synthesis and Characterization of Osmium(IV) Polyhydride Complexes of Stoichiometry (C5Me5)OsH3(L). Crystal Structures of (C5Me5)OsH3(AsPh3) and (C5Me5)OsH3(PPh3)

Addition of Lewis bases to solutions of (C5Me5)2Os2Br4 in ethanol affords mononuclear osmium(III) complexes with the general formula (C5Me5)OsBr2(L), where L is AsPh3, PPh3, P(c-Hx)3, PEt3, pyridine, or tetrahydrothiophene. These paramagnetic complexes react with sodium borohydride in ethanol to afford the osmium(IV) trihydrides (C5Me5)OsH3(L), where L is AsPh3, PPh3, P(c-Hx)3, or PEt3. X-ray diffraction and NMR studies of the trihydride complexes show that they adopt classical structures (i.e., lacking molecular dihydrogen ligands). Unlike their ruthenium analogues, these osmium(IV) trihydrides show no evidence of quantum tunneling phenomena, probably because the H−Os−H bending motion is characterized by a steep potential energy well.
D. A. Hadfield and Jean Reynolds, eds. Shaw and Feminisms: On Stage and Off

In recent years theoretical approaches to modernism emerging out of feminist theory have helped shape the development of Modernist Studies in new and exciting ways. It is perhaps then not altogethe...
Shock Capturing Data Assimilation Algorithm for 1D Shallow Water Equations

Abstract We propose a new data assimilation algorithm for shallow water equations in one dimension. The algorithm is based upon Discontinuous Galerkin spatial discretization of shallow water equations (DG-SW model) and the continuous formulation of the minimax filter. The latter allows for construction of a robust estimation of the state of the DG-SW model and computes worst-case bounds for the estimation error, provided the uncertain parameters belong to a given bounding set. Numerical studies show that, given sparse observations from numerical or physical experiments, the proposed algorithm quickly reconstructs the true solution even in the presence of shocks, rarefaction waves and unknown values of model parameters. The minimax filter is compared against the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) for a benchmark dam-break problem and the results show that the minimax filter converges faster to the true solution for sparse observations.
Microfluidic-Enabled Print-to-Screen Platform for High-Throughput Screening of Combinatorial Chemotherapy

Since the 1960s, combination chemotherapy has been widely utilized as a standard method to treat cancer. However, because of the potentially enormous number of drug candidates and combinations, conventional identification methods of the effective drug combinations are usually associated with significantly high operational costs, low throughput screening, laborious and time-consuming procedures, and ethical concerns. In this paper, we present a low-cost, high-efficiency microfluidic print-to-screen (P2S) platform, which integrates combinatorial screening with biomolecular printing for high-throughput screening of anticancer drug combinations. This P2S platform provides several distinct advantages and features, including automatic combinatorial printing, high-throughput parallel drug screening, modular disposable cartridge, and biocompatibility, which can potentially speed up the entire discovery cycle of potent drug combinations. Microfluidic impact printing utilizing plug-and-play microfluidic cartridges is experimentally characterized with controllable droplet volume and accurate positioning. Furthermore, the combinatorial print-to-screen assay is demonstrated in a proof-of-concept biological experiment which can identify the positive hits among the entire drug combination library in a parallel and rapid manner. Overall, this microfluidic print-to-screen platform offers a simple, low-cost, high-efficiency solution for high-throughput large-scale combinatorial screening and can be applicable for various emerging applications in drug cocktail discovery.
Managing apparent ureteropelvic junction obstruction in the newborn.

AbstractA total of 97 newborns with apparent nreteropelvic junction obstruction was evaluated from mid 1984 to 1989. Evaluation and management are described. Of these patients 39 with an affected kidney showing good initial differential function (greater than 35%) by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid scan and 2 showing diminished function (less than 35%) were followed nonoperatively. Six patients (15%) eventually required pyeloplasty for diminishing function (4), urinary tract infections (1) or symptoms of colic (1). The 4 patients with diminishing function improved after pyeloplasty to at least the initial level.A total of 12 patients with good initial function (greater than 35%) of the affected kidney underwent early pyeloplasty (within 6 weeks of diagnosis). They were compared to the similar group of patients managed nonoperatively and followed by sequential renal scans. Eventual changes in percentage differential function in the nonoperative and early surgery groups were +2.8% and +4.1%, respectively...
ELASTIC SCATTERING OF $sup 18$O BY $sup 18$O.

The excitation function at 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} c.m. has been measured between 7.5 and 27.5 MeV c.m. The prominent gross structure observed in $^{16}\mathrm{O}$- $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ is not seen in the present case, and the absolute cross section falls to much lower values at high energies. The results of the comparison of the two systems are discussed in terms of angular momentum restrictions on configurations directly coupled to the elastic channel.
Understanding the Effects of Diversity in Missionary Teams: Insights from the Social Sciences

This study presents an overview of the results of empirical studies concerning diversity in work teams. Although these studies have most often been carried out in secular contexts, they support perspectives of human nature that are consistent with the biblical themes found associated with the Tower of Babel (the Similarity/Attraction Perspective) and Paul's metaphor of the Body of Christ and spiritual gifts (the Information/Decision Making Perspective). Key concepts are explained, including the measurement of diversity and team performance, task and relationship diversity, faultlines, cultural versus non-cultural diversity, and status. When the results of the various diversity studies are combined, it appears that diversity in itself has little effect on team performance. However, under certain conditions, diversity can be very detrimental or very beneficial to team performance. These various conditions are examined in light of situations that missionary teams are likely to encounter. Understanding the effects of diversity in teams is important because missionaries, by nature of their task, form partnerships and teams with people of different cultures and races. In addition, it appears inevitable that missionary teams (teams
Photochemical Reactions of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Methyl Esters. II.

The photo-dimerization reactions of methyl β-eleostearate were studied. When irradiated with light of high pressure mercury lamp, methyl β-eleostearate was also observed to form the dimer in CCl4 and in CCl3H solutions as well in n-heptane. However, the dimer of the eleostearate obtained by illumination with light in CCl4 or CCl3H was chlorinated. It is therefore considered that the eleostearate reacts with CCl4 or CCl3H to give chlorinated dimer in these reactions.From the results of analysis of kinetic data obtained, the disappearance of the eleostearate was observed to be in closest agreement with first order reaction in CCl4 as well in n-heptane, but that in CCl3H does not agree with the first order reaction. The rates determined showed that the disappearance of the eleostearate in CCl4 is about six times as fast as that in n-heptane.
Current and Emerging Modalities

Radiation therapy (RT) has been utilized for the treatment of malignancies since the late 1890s, and remains an important part of cancer therapy today. RT causes DNA damage leading to cell death primarily in tumor cells, which are more sensitive than most normal tissue cells due to the inability of the tumor to repair, allowing for sparing of the normal tissue nearby. For bone metastases, RT is frequently used either as a primary therapy or in conjunction with surgery in the perioperative setting. Indications for bone RT include pain from tumor, bone erosion or cortical destruction with impending fracture, spinal cord compression or impingement, or other neurologic symptoms. RT can be utilized for all tumor histologies, as recent data has shown that historically inappropriately termed “radioresistant” tumors, such as renal cell carcinoma and melanoma, respond well to this treatment modality. A typical regimen for palliation of metastatic bone disease can range from a single treatment of RT to up to 15 or more daily treatments. Bone RT is well tolerated by patients since bone is very resilient to radiotherapy damage, it is noninvasive, the treatment time is relatively short, and generally patients have minimal acute or late side effects. Typically patients experience pain relief or neurologic symptom relief within one month of treatment and improvement can be durable. The rates of partial and complete response range from 28 to 85 % and 15 to 61 % respectively. If symptoms recur, repeat irradiation is a possibility depending on the initial course of treatment, location, and time interval between the two courses of RT. Recent advancements in RT treatment delivery techniques and dose escalation, such as those achieved by stereotactic body radiotherapy, may allow for shortened time to pain relief and improved duration of pain control in these patients.
Clinical application of cutting balloon angioplasty

Objective The purpose of the study was to evaluate the immediate and long term clinical outcome of cutting balloon angioplasty Methods Coronary angioplasty was performed using a new cutting balloon incorporated with 3～4 longitudinally orientate blades The procedure was performed on 24 lesions in 20 patients (18 men, 2 women,age 53 4±6 3 years) Results The procedural success rates for cutting balloon were 90% (18 patients) and 91 7% (22 lesions) There were no major in hospital complications (deaths, Q wave AMI or emergency CABG) The stenosis were reduced from 85 6± 7 3% to 28 5±9 4% (mean±SD) During 1～10 months follow up, 3 cases had relapses of chest pain, including 1 case of restenosis proved by coronary angiography Conclusion Cutting balloon coronary angioplasty has high success rates with few major in hospital events and low restenosis rate It is an effective and safe interventional therapy
Study on Temperature Drop of the Oil Pipeline with Annual Cyclical Changes in Atmospheric Temperature

The Oil pipeline calculation of the temperature drop a direct impact on the accuracy of the level of oil consumption and oil gathering and transportation pipeline security. The natural soil temperature field model and the data were compared with the measured results show that,according to cyclical changes in atmospheric temperature calculated annual soil temperature field method is feasible,the error in the engineering permitted range. Meanwhile,the analysis of oil field pipe temperature drop of the influencing factors derived atmospheric temperature change on the set of annual cyclical temperature drop of the oil pipeline,results showed that:the same depth of the pipe temperature drop with the annual cyclical changes in atmospheric temperature changes,depth changes,oil pipelines temperature drop with the annual cyclical changes in atmospheric temperature when the delays are different.
Pyxis handheld polarimetric imager

The instrumentation for measuring infrared polarization signatures has seen significant advancement over the last decade. Previous work has shown the value of polarimetric imagery for a variety of target detection scenarios including detection of manmade targets in clutter and detection of ground and maritime targets while recent work has shown improvements in contrast for aircraft detection and biometric markers. These data collection activities have generally used laboratory or prototype systems with limitations on the allowable amount of target motion or the sensor platform and usually require an attached computer for data acquisition and processing. Still, performance and sensitivity have been steadily getting better while size, weight, and power requirements have been getting smaller enabling polarimetric imaging for a greater or real world applications. In this paper, we describe Pyxis®, a microbolometer based imaging polarimeter that produces live polarimetric video of conventional, polarimetric, and fused image products. A polarization microgrid array integrated in the optical system captures all polarization states simultaneously and makes the system immune to motion artifacts of either the sensor or the scene. The system is battery operated, rugged, and weighs about a quarter pound, and can be helmet mounted or handheld. On board processing of polarization and fused image products enable the operator to see polarimetric signatures in real time. Both analog and digital outputs are possible with sensor control available through a tablet interface. A top level description of Pyxis® is given followed by performance characteristics and representative data.
The distal radioulnar joint in rheumatoid arthritis

This article outlines the relevant pathoanatomy and kinematics, clinical and radiographic findings, and treatment alternatives for the rheumatoid distal radioulnar joint. A summary of the authors preferred techniques is presented.
Horizontal Eye Movements in Fish

The enormous group of animals included under the label Pisces defies generalisation in most respects. A herpetologist friend of mine once described the teleosts as “a bottomless pit” and to be avoided for that reason. Nevertheless, I have attempted to study eye movements in fish, realising at the outset that what is true for the goldfish, my choice, may not be true for another. Indeed, we know this to be so already, for Lanchester and Mark (1969) have described eye movements in a foveated reef fish, and the fixation behaviour evident in this very visual fish is never seen in goldfish, an animal much more dependent on chemical than visual stimuli. Why, then, study the goldfish? The main reason is that our knowledge of this species’ visual system is quite detailed, and becoming more so. Therefore it seemed an appropriate organism in which to interpret visually-cued behaviour. Also the eye movements are a very objective and easily measured behaviour.
A framework for dynamic traffic monitoring using vehicular ad-hoc networks

Traffic management centers (TMCs) need high-quality data regarding the status of roadways for monitoring and delivering up-to-date traffic conditions to the traveling public. Currently this data is measured at static points on the roadway using technologies that have significant maintenance requirements. To obtain an accurate picture of traffic on any road section at any time requires a real-time probe of vehicles traveling in that section. We envision a near-term future where network communication devices are commonly included in new vehicles. These devices will allow vehicles to form vehicular networks allowing communication among themselves, other vehicles, and roadside units (RSUs) to improve driver safety, provide enhanced monitoring to TMCs, and deliver real-time traffic conditions to drivers. In this dissertation, we contribute and develop a framework for dynamic traffic monitoring (DTMon) using vehicular networks. We introduce RSUs called task organizers (TOs) that can communicate with equipped vehicles and with a TMC. These TOs can be programmed by the TMC to task vehicles with performing traffic measurements over various sections of the roadway. Measurement points for TOs, or virtual strips, can be changed dynamically, placed anywhere within several kilometers of the TO, and used to measure wide areas of the roadway network. This is a vast improvement over current technology. We analyze the ability of a TO, or multiple TOs, to monitor high-quality traffic data in various traffic conditions (e.g., free flow traffic, transient flow traffic, traffic with congestion, etc.). We show that DTMon can accurately monitor speed and travel times in both free-flow and traffic with transient congestion. For some types of data, the percentage of equipped vehicles, or the market penetration rate, affects the quality of data gathered. Thus, we investigate methods for mitigating the effects of low penetration rate as well as low traffic density on data quality using DTMon. This includes studying the deployment of multiple TOs in a region and the use of oncoming traffic to help bridge gaps in connectivity. We show that DTMon can have a large impact on traffic monitoring. Traffic engineers can take advantage of the programmability of TOs, giving them the ability to measure traffic at any point within several km of a TO. Most real-time traffic maps measure traffic at midpoint of roads between interchanges and the use of this framework would allow for virtual strips to be placed at various locations in between interchanges, providing fine-grained measurements to TMCs. In addition, the measurement points can be adjusted as traffic conditions change. An important application of this is end-of-queue management. Traffic engineers are very interested in deliver timely information to drivers approaching congestion endpoints to improve safety. We show the ability of DTMon in detecting the end of the queue during congestion.
Risk of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome with AEDs

An international case-controlled study of medication use and the risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis is reported by the Groupe Epidemiologie LY Stevens Johnson (ELYS), Department of Dermatology, and Department of Public Health, Universite Paris XII, Creteil, France; and centers in Boston, US; Milan, Italy; Freiburg, Germany; Porto, Portugal; and Toronto, Canada.
The Early Life of Karl Pearson

One might contrast the life of Gauss with that of Galton . Gauss’ humble beginnings might suggest he had everything to prove. Yet, over his lifetime, and despite his place as perhaps one of the three most accomplished mathematicians of all time, he took far too little time documenting and publishing his contributions. His brilliance was understated in his own lifetime.
National elections in Turkey – people, politics, and the party system, by F. Michael Wuthrich

Michael Wuthrich’s book is divided into two main parts. The first part focuses on key assumptions about Turkish electoral behaviour which are strongly embedded in the existing literature. The secon...
MR Findings of the Brain Stem in Arterial Hypertension

In their case reports, de Seze et al [(1)][1] describe edema of the brain stem in two patients with arterial hypertension. Their article once again draws attention to an often unrecognized syndrome that is potentially life-threatening. There have been earlier descriptions of brain stem edema in