cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thalidomide in the Treatment of Relapsed Multiple Myeloma

Objective To describe the efficacy of therapy with thalidomide, a drug that has antiangiogenic properties, in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma. Patients and Methods We studied 16 patients (median age, 64 years) who received thalidomide for relapsed myeloma at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn, between November 1998 and August 1999. Treatment consisted of thalidomide given orally at a dose of 200 mg/d for 2 weeks, then increased by 200 mg/d every 2 weeks, up to a maximal dose of 800 mg/d. Results The stage of myeloma at treatment was Durie-Salmon IIIA in 9 patients (56 %) and IIIB in 7 (44%). The median time from myeloma diagnosis to initiation of thalidomide therapy was 32 months. In 4 patients (25%) prior stem cell transplantation had failed, and 14 (88%) had received 2 or more prior chemotherapeutic regimens before institution of thalidomide. All patients were evaluable for response. Four (25 %) achieved a partial response to therapy, with a greater than 50 % reduction in the serum or urine M protein level. Responses lasted 2, 4+, 8, and 10+ months. Major adverse effects included constipation, sedation, rash, and peripheral neuropathy. Conclusion Thalidomide is an active agent in the treatment of patients with advanced myeloma.
Capacity-optimal training for space-time modulation over a time-varying channel

Using a model based on the time-autocorrelation function for time-varying MIMO channels, we find a lower bound on capacity for trained modulation, and find the training signal, training power, and length of training signal which maximize this bound. An approximation for the training frequency that maximizes the bound at high SNR is given for Jakes' fading model. The capacity for differential unitary space-time modulation is discussed and compared with that for trained modulation. We present several numerical examples to illustrate our results.
Bioarchaeology: Isotopic and elemental signatures of diet, nutrition, and life history

Introduction Documentation of past foodways is not only intrinsically valuable, but it also provides the requisite resource context for evaluating effects of nutrition on growth and development, assessing stress and disease from paleopathological indicators, and interpreting skeletal adaptation, among other topics discussed in the foregoing chapters. There is a range of conventional approaches for characterizing past diets and inferring nutritional outcomes, including analysis of plant and animal remains, coprolites, pottery residues, and tools used for food production and consumption. These approaches provide a record of what foods were consumed, but do not give a representation of the proportions of foods or food classes consumed by past populations. The poor preservation of plants in many archaeological contexts, for example, inhibits documentation of their role in diets in many settings. Food refuse is often subject to preservation-related biases that prevent accurate or otherwise meaningful nutritional interpretation. Moreover, food refuse deriving from ritual uses may or may not have been eaten. Beginning in the late 1970s, a collaboration between an archaeologist and a geochemist on the analysis of stable isotope composition of carbon in archaeological human remains (van der Merwe & Vogel, 1978; Vogel & van der Merwe, 1977) started a revolution in dietary reconstruction having implications for issues of interest in the study of past populations, all linked either directly or indirectly to diet. Following this pioneering research, stable isotopes have become a standard data set for addressing fundamental questions about diet and dietary adaptation in past populations, enhancing our ability to characterize past human diets and their variation in general (Burton, 2008; Katzenberg, 2008; Lee-Thorp, 2008; Schoeninger, 2010). Simply, the documentation of isotope signatures passed from the foods being eaten to the consumer allows the identification of diet with considerably greater precision than with conventional archaeological data involving recovery of plant and animal remains alone. These biochemical signatures do not represent a “reconstruction” of diet; rather, they facilitate the identification of consumption profiles of different foods eaten by past populations. If consumption profiles are identified accurately, then it becomes possible to get at the real “meat” of the matter, namely, nutritional inferences and broader implications for understanding past human adaptation in a broad biocultural context.
Simulation for Research

This book is about simulation modeling, programming and experimentation for the purpose of systems analysis. However, stochastic simulation is also a tool that can be used to support basic research in domains such as simulation, optimization, queueing, financial engineering, production planning and logistics. In this chapter we cite some papers that demonstrate effective application of simulation in research and use them to highlight general principles and practices. We start with two important distinctions.
Taxonomy of Shop Scheduling

The scheduling problem has always been considered one of the most complex problems to solve. Most scheduling problems can not be solved optimally within a reasonable period of time. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the production scheduling problem by trying to structure the different factors which have an impact on the scheduling environment, and by studying the relationship between these factors. This will, in turn, help the scheduler in selecting more appropriate solution approaches and focusing on the most critical factors.
Interfacial Donor-Acceptor Engineering of Nanofiber Materials To Achieve Photoconductivity and Applications.

ConspectusSelf-assembly of π-conjugate molecules often leads to formation of well-defined nanofibril structures dominated by the columnar π–π stacking between the molecular planes. These nanofibril materials have drawn increasing interest in the research frontiers of nanomaterials and nanotechnology, as the nanofibers demonstrate one-dimensionally enhanced exciton and charge diffusion along the long axis, and present great potential for varying optoelectronic applications, such as sensors, optics, photovoltaics, and photocatalysis. However, poor electrical conductivity remains a technical drawback for these nanomaterials. To address this problem, we have developed a series of nanofiber structures modified with different donor–acceptor (D–A) interfaces that are tunable for maximizing the photoinduced charge separation, thus leading to increase in the electrical conductivity. The D–A interface can be constructed with covalent linker or noncovalent interaction (e.g., hydrophobic interdigitation between alkyl...
Wavelength Tuning Characteristics of the Grated Coupler Sampled Reflector Laser for Wavelength Switching Applications

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technologies are developing and gaining rapid acceptance in modern optical networking.
Tactual and visual learning of forms differing in degree of symmetry

One group learned to associate nonsense syllables with forms by sight, and then was tested on cross-modal transfer to the same forms using touch. The other group had the opposite procedure. The visual group performed best in learning the symmetrical forms while the tactual group’s best performance was on the less symmetrical forms. Cross-modal transfer of the groups was similar.
The Impact of Parent Firm Knowledge Transfers on Foreign Subsidiary Innovation

In this paper, I examine how three knowledge transfer mechanisms, including managerial knowledge transfers, product transfers and technology transfers, impact the innovation output of foreign subsidiary operations. I argue that the combination of tacit and explicit transfers of parent firm knowledge through expatriate managers and product and technology transfers respectively will result in conditions that are more conducive to new knowledge generation in foreign subsidiaries. Empirical results from a comprehensive panel of US MNCs show that conditional on foreign operations doing R&D, the combined effect of knowledge transfers through parent products and expatriate managers significantly impacts foreign subsidiary knowledge generation. By exploring how a combination of tacit and explicit knowledge transfer mechanisms can encourage knowledge extension and generation, this paper contributes to the knowledge management literature while also showing how a comprehensive database of US MNCs link their operatio...
89 Y(t, p) 91 Y reaction at E t =20 MeV

The reaction $^{89}\mathrm{Y}(t, p)^{91}\mathrm{Y}$ has been measured at an incident energy of 20 MeV. Differential cross sections were measured at 13 angles and an excitation range of 5 MeV was observed with 18 keV resolution. The data are compared to distorted wave calculations both for $L$ assignments and magnitude relations. Sixteen new levels are reported in $^{91}\mathrm{Y}$ as well as many new limits on spin assignments. An interpretation of the results as a proton hole coupled to $^{92}\mathrm{Zr}$ pairing-multipole states is presented. Such an analysis provides a qualitative description of the observed strength, but a more complex analysis is required for quantitative results.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{89}\mathrm{Y}(t, p)^{91}\mathrm{Y}$, ${E}_{t}=20$ MeV; measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}({E}_{p}, \ensuremath{\theta})$; $^{91}\mathrm{Y}$ deduced levels, $L$, $\ensuremath{\pi}$; DWBA analysis.
Bildgebende Verfahren bei Essstörungen

Es gibt derzeit deutliche, in vielen Bereichen auch ausreichend replizierte Hinweise auf eine gestorte Hirnfunktion bei Essstorungen. Es ist wichtig zu betonen, dass diese Veranderungen der Hirnfunktion v. a. in frontalen, temporalen, zingularen und parietalen Regionen im erkrankten Zustand zu finden sind, aber haufig nach Remission der Erkrankung persistieren. Hier stellt sich die Frage, ob die Veranderungen, die man im remittierten Zustand findet, gewissermasen eine „Narbe“ darstellen, die durch die chronische Fehl- und Unterernahrung oder andere Faktoren im erkrankten Zustand verursacht wurde. Dies kann nicht mit Sicherheit ausgeschlossen werden, und solche Fragen lassen sich mittels Querschnittstudien nicht ausreichend beantworten. Bildgebende Verfahren zur Darstellung der Gehirnfunktion bei Essstorungen ermoglichen es, das Wissen uber mogliche zugrundeliegende pathophysiolgische Zusammenhange zu erweitern.
The Intracellular Effect of Relaxin on Female Anterior Cruciate Ligament Cells

Background:Female collegiate athletes with serum relaxin concentrations above 6.0 pg/mL have been shown to have more than 4 times increased risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. However, the intracellular effect of relaxin on ACL cells has not been elucidated.Hypotheses:The hypotheses were that relaxin binding to receptors on female ACL cells will result in (1) an increase in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and decrease in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) gene expression, (2) a decrease in collagen and alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression, (3) inhibition of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)–induced fibrosis, and (4) an increase in cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) production and that these changes will not be observed in male ACL cells.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Ligament cells from ACL tissue were isolated from 7 male and 7 female human donors and expanded in vitro. The cells were incubated with escalating concentrations of relaxin-2, as wel...
α-Complementation-Enabled T7 Expression Vectors and Their Use for the Expression of Recombinant Polypeptides for Protein Transduction Experiments

Over the past few years protein transduction has emerged as a powerful means for the delivery of proteins into cultured cells and into whole mice. This method is based on the ability of proteins containing protein transduction domains (PTDs), short stretches of 9-16 predominantly basic amino acids, to traverse the cytoplasmic membrane and accumulate inside cells in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. The number of PTDs, both natural and synthetic, is constantly expanding, as is the need to test newly discovered PTDs for their ability to mediate the internalization of the corresponding fusion proteins. Here we describe a strategy and methodology that can be used for the construction of vectors for the T7 RNA polymerase-driven expression of PTD fusions. The cloning in these vectors is facilitated by alpha-complementation. Also, these vectors are small in size (less than 3 kbp) and express influenza virus hemagglutinin tag as well as His tag as part of the fusion for immunological identification and purification respectively of expressed proteins.
Turn up the heat! Contesting energy poverty in Buffalo, NY

Abstract Energy poverty – or the condition of households that cannot adequately heat their homes – is produced at the confluence of multi-scalar processes, from regional labor market restructuring, to urban disinvestment, to geopolitical and geoeconomic struggles over extraction. Critical theorization of the concept is in its nascent phase and the notion itself has received relatively little attention in the United States. Our paper aims to address these lacunae by mobilizing an urban political ecology framework to consider a community-based campaign that targeted residential energy conservation funds in Buffalo, New York. We analyze how the community campaign drew upon the “network crisis” of the energy-poor home to frame critical justice demands that foregrounded energy poverty as the product of uneven socionatural development. Through spatial claims and scalar strategies, the campaign highlighted the contribution of neoliberal conservation programs to deepening patterns of uneven development, and demanded redress of disinvestment in urban housing stock through funding of weatherization for low-income households. We argue that contests over urban energy metabolism offer a fruitful area to explore the possibilities of transforming uneven development from below.
cAMP inhibition of interleukin-1-induced interleukin-6 production by human lung fibroblasts

We characterized the effects of agents that alter intracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) on the interleukin (IL)-6 production of human lung fibroblasts. Unstimulated fibroblasts did not produce significant amounts of IL-6. Recombinant (r) tumor necrosis factor (TNF) weakly stimulated, recombinant interleukin-1-alpha (rIL-1 alpha) strongly stimulated, and rIL-1 alpha and rTNF in combination synergistically augmented fibroblast IL-6 production. Prostaglandin (PG)E1, forskolin, dibutyryl cAMP (DBcAMP), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), and cholera toxin did not cause a detectable alteration in the IL-6 production of unstimulated fibroblasts. However, these agents inhibited the IL-6 production of rIL-1 and rIL-1 plus rTNF-stimulated cells. These effects were dose dependent with a concentration of 2 x 10(-9) M PGE1, 5 x 10(-6) M forskolin, 5 x 10(-4) M DBcAMP, and 1 x 10(-3) M IBMX decreasing rIL-1 alpha (2.5 ng/ml)-induced IL-6 production by approximately 50%. The inhibitory effects of these agents, correlated with their ability to induce fibroblast cAMP accumulation, could not be explained by alterations in cell number or viability and were appreciable even when cAMP modifiers were added to fibroblast culture, 1 h after rIL-1. They were also at least partly specific for rIL-1, since these agents increased the IL-6 production of rTNF-stimulated cells. These cAMP-induced alterations in IL-6 production were associated with corresponding alterations in IL-6 mRNA accumulation. Nuclear run-on analysis demonstrated that the inhibitory effects of PGE1 were associated with a comparable decrease in IL-6 transcription. Agents that increase the levels of intracellular cAMP inhibit rIL-1-induced IL-6 by human lung fibroblasts.
Resolving phase ambiguities in the calibration of redundant interferometric arrays: implications for array design

Abstract : We provide new results enabling robust interferometric image reconstruction in the presence of unknown aperture piston variation via the technique of Redundant Spacing Calibration (RSC). The RSC technique uses redundant measurements of the same interferometric baseline with different pairs of apertures to reveal the piston variation among these pairs. In both optical and radio interferometry, the presence of phase-wrapping ambiguities in the measurements is a fundamental issue that needs to be addressed for reliable image reconstruction. In this paper, we show that these ambiguities affect recently-developed RSC phasor-based reconstruction approaches operating on the complex visibilities, as well as traditional phase-based approaches operating on their logarithm. We also derive new sufficient conditions for an interferometric array to be immune to these ambiguities in the sense that their effect can be rendered benign in image reconstruction. This property, which we call wrap-invariance, has implications for the reliability of imaging via classical three-baseline phase closures as well as generalized closures. We show that wrap-invariance is conferred upon arrays whose interferometric graph satisfies a certain cycle-free condition. For cases in which this condition is not satisfied, a simple algorithm is provided for identifying those graphcycles which prevent its satisfaction. We apply this algorithm to diagnose and correct a member of a pattern family popular in the literature.
Indians into Asylums: Local Communities and the Medical Institution

Imperialist medicine promotes political control, social inequality and exploitation, but it also contains many contradictions. It promotes new forms of consciousness, social structure and political action.1
Religion and Politics: European and Global Perspectives

This collection of twelve essays on the topic of religion and politics is a recent volume of the Annual of European and Global Studies (AEGS) published by the Willy Brandt Centre for German and Eur...
Blue scale: Early detection of impending congestive heart failure events via wireless daily self-monitoring

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a chronic medical condition, and early detection of acute cardiac events caused by CHF can lead to life saving results. In this paper, we present Blue Scale, a measuring device that allows both patients and their physicians to monitor cardiac health at home on a daily basis by providing the necessary feedback for early cardiac event detection. Blue Scale measures electrocardiography (EKG), systolic time intervals through photoplethysmography (PPG), weight, and whole body bioimpedance. Collected datasets are transmitted to a central database using a secure Wi-Fi 802.11b/g protocol for remote data analysis and disease management. Following a test deployment in different populations, we conclude that off-device signal processing is required to ensure the accuracy of derived measurements. Furthermore, our anomaly emulation experiments yield average Z-scores of below 2 for most EKG and PPG related metrics, and the resulting Z-scores also vary significantly across different patients. These observations indicate that a standard 95% confidence interval is not sufficient for attribute-by-attribute anomaly detection, and any cardiac monitoring systems need to be tailored to each individual.
The effect of Presynch-Ovsynch protocol with or without estrus detection on reproductive performance by parity, and the long-term effect of these different management strategies on milk production, reproduction, health and survivability of dairy cows

During the Presynch-Ovsynch protocol, at least half of the cows enrolled display signs of estrus, which can present as an opportunity for cows to be inseminated before the completion of the protocol. The primary objective of this study is to compare two management strategies for first service using the Presynch-Ovsynch protocol: insemination at completion of the Presynch-Ovsynch program (TAIonly) or insemination after estrus detection during the Presynch-Ovsynch protocol, with the remainder of cows being inseminated at timed artificial insemination (ED + TAI). Cows inseminated at completion of the protocol have a longer voluntary waiting period, which could potentially extend their lactation length, allowing them to recover BCS at the end of their lactation and ultimately impacting their subsequent lactation. Therefore, this study has a secondary objective to evaluate the long term impact of these two strategies on reproductive outcomes, culling, milk production and health during the subsequent lactation. A total randomized field trial study design was used, and a total of 3489 cows were randomly enrolled to one of the treatment groups: ED + TAI or TAIonly. Cows enrolled in the TAIonly started the Presynch protocol receiving two injections of PGF2α at 55 ± 3 and 69 ± 3 DIM. They were subsequently submitted to the Ovsynch protocol: GnRH at 81 ± 3 DIM, PGF2α at 88 ± 3 DIM, and GnRH at 90 ± 3 DIM, and then inseminated at fixed time at 91 ± 3 DIM. Cows enrolled in the ED + TAI were submitted to the same synchronization protocol, but they were eligible to be inseminated at any time after the beginning of the synchronization protocol, if detected in estrous. During the experimental lactation, the effect of treatment on first service conception rate (FSCR) was conditional to parity: no difference among primiparous cows, but for multiparous cows, the FSCR was 41.2% and 35.3% for TAIonly and ED + TAI, respectively. Although TAIonly strategy increased the lactation length for primiparous and multiparous, no differences were observed on lactation and reproductive performances. The rate at which cows conceived, and the calving to conception interval during the subsequent lactation was not affected by management strategy. Additionally, no differences were observed in milk production during the experimental and subsequent lactations. The effect of management strategy on survivability was conditional to parity: no differences were observed for multiparous cows, while primiparous ED + TAI cows tended to be less likely to be culled than TAIonly counterparts. Additionally, no differences in health outcomes during the subsequent lactation were observed.
OleA Glu117 is key to condensation of two fatty-acyl coenzyme A substrates in long-chain olefin biosynthesis

In the interest of decreasing dependence on fossil fuels, microbial hydrocarbon biosynthesis pathways are being studied for renewable, tailored production of specialty chemicals and biofuels. One candidate is long-chain olefin biosynthesis, a widespread bacterial pathway that produces waxy hydrocarbons. Found in three- and four-gene clusters, oleABCD encodes the enzymes necessary to produce cis -olefins that differ by alkyl chain length, degree of unsaturation, and alkyl chain branching. The first enzyme in the pathway, OleA, catalyzes the Claisen condensation of two fatty acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) molecules to form a β-keto acid. In this report, the mechanistic role of Xanthomonas campestris OleA Glu117 is investigated through mutant enzymes. Crystal structures were determined for each mutant as well as their complex with the inhibitor cerulenin. Complemented by substrate modeling, these structures suggest that Glu117 aids in substrate positioning for productive carbon–carbon bond formation. Analysis of acyl-CoA substrate hydrolysis shows diminished activity in all mutants. When the active site lacks an acidic residue in the 117 position, OleA cannot form condensed product, demonstrating that Glu117 has a critical role upstream of the essential condensation reaction. Profiling of pH dependence shows that the apparent p K a for Glu117 is affected by mutagenesis. Taken together, we propose that Glu117 is the general base needed to prime condensation via deprotonation of the second, non-covalently bound substrate during turnover. This is the first example of a member of the thiolase superfamily of condensing enzymes to contain an active site base originating from the second monomer of the dimer.
Urban forest structure and land cover composition effects on land surface temperature in a semi-arid suburban area

Abstract Using multispectral imagery and LiDAR data, we developed a high-resolution land cover dataset for a semi-arid, Colorado (USA) suburb. These data were used to evaluate patterns of land cover composition and vertical structure in relation to land use and age of development. Landsat 5 TM thermal band data for six separate dates were used to compare land surface temperature (LST) in urbanized and remnant shortgrass steppe reference areas. We used 2010 census blocks to extract LST and various explanatory variables for use in Random Forest models evaluating the relative importance of land cover composition, LiDAR-derived vertical structure variables, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) on LST patterns. We found that land cover, vertical structure, and LST varied between areas with different land use and neighborhood age. Older neighborhoods supported significantly higher tree cover and mean tree height, but differences in LST were inconsistent between Landsat image dates. NDVI had the highest variable importance in Random Forests models, followed by tree height and the mean height difference between trees and buildings. Models incorporating NDVI, vertical structure, and land cover had the highest predictive accuracy but did not perform significantly better than models using just vertical structure and NDVI. Developed areas were cooler on average than shortgrass steppe reference areas, likely due to the influence of supplemental irrigation in urbanized areas. Patterns of LST were spatially variable, highlighting the complex ways land cover composition and vertical structure can affect urban temperature.
A new family of multivariate skew slash distribution

ABSTRACTIn this article, the new family of multivariate skew slash distribution is defined. According to the definition, a stochastic representation of the multivariate skew slash distribution is derived. The first four moments and measures of skewness and kurtosis of a random vector with the multivariate skew slash distribution are obtained. The distribution of quadratic forms for the multivariate skew slash distribution and the non central skew slash χ2 distribution are studied. Maximum likelihood inference and real data illustration are discussed. In the end, the potential extension of multivariate skew slash distribution is discussed.
Insights into the magnetic dead layer in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 thin films from temperature, magnetic field and thickness dependence of their magnetization

Experimental investigations of the magnetic dead layer in 7.6 nm thick film of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) are reported. The dc magnetization (M) measurements for a sample cooled to T = 5 K in applied field H = 0 reveal the presence of negative remanent magnetization (NRM) in the M vs. H (magnetic field) measurements as well as in the M vs. T measurements in H = 50 Oe and 100 Oe. The M vs. T data in ZFC (zero-field-cooled) and FC (field-cooled) protocols are used to determine the blocking temperature TB in different H. Isothermal hysteresis loops at different T are used to determine the temperature dependence of saturation magnetization (MS), remanence (MR) and coercivity HC. The MS vs. T data are fit to the Bloch law, MS (T) = M0 (1 – BT 3/2), showing a good fit for T < 100 K and yielding the nearest-neighbor exchange constant J/kB ≅ 18 K. The variations of TB vs. H and HC vs. T are well described by the model often used for randomly oriented magnetic nanoparticles with magnetic domain diameter ≈ 9 nm present ...
Role of Poultry & Egg Production in the Economy of the United States

The Penn State Workforce Education and Development (WED) Initiative conducted an analysis of the economic impact of poultry and egg production in the United States. The results of the analysis provide a benchmark for measuring the total employment, employee compensation, and property taxes associated with every 100 employees working for the nation's poultry and egg producers.The 2007 Census of Agriculture counted 64,570 farms in the United States that specialize in poultry and egg production. U.S. sales of poultry and eggs totaled $37 billion, an increase of 55% from 2002. Total sales of poultry and eggs accounted for 12% of all agricultural products sold in the U.S. during 2007. Production of poultry and eggs is heavily concentrated in the southeastern U.S..Poultry and egg producers are classified in North American Industrial Classification System code 1123. According to the U.S. Bureau of the Census, establishments in this industry "are primarily engaged in breeding, hatching, and raising poultry for egg production." Involved in this industry are chicken egg production, poultry hatcheries, chicken, turkey, and other poultry broiler meat production.
Analysis of the Characteristics of EEG Caused by Dyspnea and the Influence of the Environmental Factors

Regarding the breathing and respiratory diseases related to physical health, various kinds of medicinal treatment have been developed for certain physical changes (increasing heartbeats and blood pressure caused by a fast rate of breathing). However, most of the researches which have been executed until now have been simply related to various kinds of medicinal treatment for certain physical changes. The combined research for non-medicinal treatment and environmental factors has not been executed. Such a problem could provide certain patients with risks (including side-effects and medicinal poisoning) while medicinal treatment is applied. The high cost has been a kind of burden for patients and a problem for the clinical utilization. In order to solve such a problem, the characteristics of EEG among different kinds of non-medicinal treatment and the changes of the surrounding environment are analyzed throughout this thesis. Also, the inducing tendency of the changes related to the environmental factors and physical conditions (regarding the changes of brainwave) are analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, the stable neuro/bio feedback treatment and the training technique which are not related to the environmental changes and the possible method of applying brainwave to the healthcare equipment are to be suggested.
Ultrasonic Attenuation Measurements in Single Crystal PdH.65

Ultrasonic attenuation measurements are reported for single-crystal PdH.65 over the temperature range 80–300 K and the frequency range 10–150 MHz. At 10 MHz the CL and C’ modes show peaks at approximately 190 K while the C44 mode shows a peak at approximately 180 K. These peaks are interpreted as relaxational attenuation due to stress induced ordering of vacancies on the fcc H lattice. The peaks are too broad to be accounted for by a single relaxation process.
Low-Cost Experimental System for Center of Mass and Center of Pressure Measurement (June 2018)

Falls happen when the center of mass of body is outside of its base of support and the recovery of the center of mass back to the base of support failed. Balance ability is an essential ability needed for humans’ daily routine activities. Improving balance ability should result in a better and more convenient way of living. There are various factors influence on balance ability. The focus of this paper is to investigate which factors have the greatest effect on balance. Balance ability is measured by deviations of center of pressure in both $x$ -direction (side-to-side) and $y$ -direction (front-to-back) with the age, height, body mass index, and location of body center of mass. Coordinates of subject’s joints were tracked and recorded by a motion capture system with three cameras and then were used to calculate the coordinates of segment’s mass center. The coordinates of whole body mass center were determined using the weighted segmental method. The trajectories of the center of pressure were tracked and recorded by a Wii balance board under five standing postures and slow sway movement along $x$ -direction (side-to-side) situations. The information obtained from the center of mass and the center of pressure data analysis may assist with fall prediction and prevention. With a basic training on system operation, laypersons may use this affordable low cost system at home as an exercise tool to improve balance capability and reduce fall risk factors.
CLIP-Seq and massively parallel functional analysis of the CELF6 RNA binding protein reveals a role in destabilizing synaptic gene mRNAs through interaction with 3'UTR elements in vivo

CELF6 is an RNA-binding protein in a family of proteins with roles in human health and disease, however little is known about the mRNA targets or in vivo function of this protein. We utilized HITS-CLIP/CLIP-Seq to identify, for the first time, in vivo targets of CELF6 and identify hundreds of transcripts bound by CELF6 in the brain. We found these are disproportionately mRNAs coding for synaptic proteins. We then conducted extensive functional validation of these targets, testing greater than 400 CELF6 bound sequence elements for their activity, applying a massively parallel reporter assay framework to evaluation of the CLIP data. We also mutated every potential CELF6 binding motif within these elements and tested their impact. This comprehensive analysis led us to ascribe a previously unknown function to CELF6: we found bound elements were generally repressive of translation, that CELF6 further enhances this repression via decreasing RNA abundance, and this process was dependent on UGU-rich sequence motifs. This greatly extends the known role for CELF6, which had previously been defined only as a splicing factor. We further extend these findings by demonstrating the same function for CELF3, CELF4, and CELF5. Finally, we demonstrate that the CELF6 targets are derepressed in CELF6 mutant mice in vivo, confirming this new role in the brain. Thus, our study demonstrates that CELF6 and other sub-family members are repressive CNS RNA-binding proteins, and CELF6 downregulates specific mRNAs in vivo.
Relationship of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Rates to Adoption of Prevention Practices in US Neonatal Intensive Care Units

Background:Applying quality improvement methods has reduced necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in some neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) by 40% to 90%.Purpose:This study was conducted to (1) examine relationships between adoption of prevention practices using the NEC-Zero adherence score and NEC ra
A 18-Year-Old Male Thrower with Acromioclavicular Joint Injury

The acromioclavicular (AC) joint plays a critical role in shoulder girdle stability. Injury to this joint can oftentimes be managed conservatively, but in overhead throwing athletes, further intervention may be required. Careful physical examination assisted with focused radiographic evaluation allows clinicians to evaluate injury severity and counsel athletes appropriately. Consideration is given to the time of season and anticipated demands the athlete will place on his/her affected shoulder. For those that fail conservative management or acutely require surgical intervention, reconstructive techniques are evolving, and greater attention is paid to restoration of the acromioclavicular joint anatomy. Outcomes for newer surgical treatment strategies are forthcoming, but currently they appear promising for returning athletes to high-level play. In this chapter, we present the evaluation, treatment considerations, treatment timing, rehabilitation, and criteria for return to play for an 18-year-old male baseball pitcher with a dominant arm AC separation sustained in a football game as a two-sport athlete.
Neuroimaging of pediatric oligodendrogliomas

Abstract Pediatric oligodendrogliomas are rare, accounting for a small fraction of all pediatric brain tumors. Conventional imaging such as computed tomography together with magnetic resonance (MR) advanced neuroimaging, including susceptibility- and perfusion-weighted imaging, as well as functional MR and diffusion tensor imaging, plays key roles in both the presurgical and posttreatment evaluation of these tumors. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the multimodality neuroimaging findings of pediatric oligodendrogliomas as well as provide a brief introduction into pediatric oligodendrogliomas including discussions of epidemiology, clinical manifestations, molecular and prognostic considerations, management options, and differential diagnosis. Several cross-sectional images are also provided to illustrate both the varied appearances and locations of pediatric oligodendrogliomas.
Student and faculty perceptions: appropriate consequences of lapses in academic integrity in health sciences education.

A breadth of evidence supports that academic dishonesty is prevalent among higher education students, including students in health sciences educational programs. Research suggest individuals who engage in academic dishonesty may continue to exhibit unethical behaviors in professional practice. Thus, it is imperative to appropriately address lapses in academic dishonesty among health sciences students to ensure the future safety of patients. However, students and faculty have varying perceptions of what constitutes academic dishonesty and the seriousness of breaches in academic dishonesty. The purpose of this study is to gain health sciences faculty and students’ perceptions on the appropriate consequences of lapses in academic integrity. Faculty and students from different health care disciplines were asked to complete the anonymous survey in which 10 different academic (non-clinical) and clinical scenarios were presented. For each scenario, students or faculty needed to address their concern and assign an academic consequence that they considered appropriate (ranked from no consequence to dismissal). A mixed-effects model was used to assess the difference of questionnaire scores between subgroups. The study was completed in the Spring of 2017. A total of 185 faculty and 295 students completed the electronic survey. Across all survey questions (clinical and non-clinical), the perceived severity of the behavior predicted the consequence chosen by the respondent, indicating that both faculty and students assigned what they felt to be appropriate consequences directly based on their values and perceptions. Both faculty and students show congruence in their opinions regarding the perceived seriousness of clinical cases (p = 0.220) and the recommended consequences assigned to such lapses (p = 0.110). However, faculty and students statistically significantly disagreed in their perception of the severity of non-clinical academic dishonesty scenarios and recommended consequences (p < 0.001). Our research supports the need for collaborative work between faculty and students in putting forth clear guidelines on how to manage and uphold rules related to lapses in academic integrity not only for non-clinical situations, but especially for clinical ones in a health care setting. Recommendations from this research include using an honor code utilized in clinical settings.
Differences in U.S. Versus European Voluntary Earnings Forecasts

This study provides empirical evidence regarding the credibility of management forecasts of earnings for both U.S. firms and a sample of firms from nine European countries. This study draws a distinction between U.S. firm forecasts and European firm forecasts. Earnings forecasts for U.S. and European firms were evaluated for the years 2000-2018. The evaluation consisted of conducting a study of bias and information content of the earnings forecasts for both firm groups. Bias results indicate that U.S. managers exert greater downwards earnings management on the forecast (relative to actual earnings), while the European managers exert greater upwards earnings management on the forecast (relative to actual earnings). Information content results indicate that for U.S. firms forecasts tend to exhibit a positive information-enhancing signal to users. For European firms, users interpret the forecast as being more noisy and potentially less informative.
Accounting for established predictors with the multistep elastic net

Multivariable models for prediction or estimating associations with an outcome are rarely built in isolation. Instead, they are based upon a mixture of covariates that have been evaluated in earlier studies (eg, age, sex, or common biomarkers) and covariates that were collected specifically for the current study (eg, a panel of novel biomarkers or other hypothesized risk factors). For that context, we present the multistep elastic net (MSN), which considers penalized regression with variables that can be qualitatively grouped based upon their degree of prior research support: established predictors vs unestablished predictors. The MSN chooses between uniform penalization of all predictors (the standard elastic net) and weaker penalization of the established predictors in a cross-validated framework and includes the option to impose zero penalty on the established predictors. In simulation studies that reflect the motivating context, we show the comparability or superiority of the MSN over the standard elastic net, the Integrative LASSO with Penalty Factors, the sparse group lasso, and the group lasso, and we investigate the importance of not penalizing the established predictors at all. We demonstrate the MSN to update a prediction model for pediatric ECMO patient mortality.
Food Fraud Prevention Overview (Part 3 of 3): The Implementation

This chapter presents an expanded review of food fraud prevention to consider a systematic approach, the focus on vulnerabilities and then beginning to prepare for decision-making and “how much is enough?” The activities are presented in the Food Fraud Prevention Cycle (FFPC) (Spink 2014; Spink et al. 2019).
Anatomy of a Successful Grant Proposal

The mechanics of writing a research proposal are addressed elsewhere in this text (see Chap. 33). In this chapter we will address the factors that are relevant to the successful funding of a grant proposal. The scientific basis of a research proposal is paramount, but other factors, often termed ‘grantsmanship’, influence reviewers’ perceptions and evaluations of a research proposal. This chapter uses the example of a United States based federal grant application, but this information is applicable to a variety of funding mechanisms.
Spatiotemporal single-cell RNA sequencing of developing hearts reveals interplay between cellular differentiation and morphogenesis

Single-cell RNA sequencing is a powerful tool to study developmental biology but does not preserve spatial information about cellular interactions and tissue morphology. Here, we combined single-cell and spatial transcriptomics with new algorithms for data integration to study the early development of the chicken heart. We collected data from four key ventricular development stages, ranging from the early chamber formation stage to the late four-chambered stage. We created an atlas of the diverse cellular lineages in developing hearts, their spatial organization, and their interactions during development. Spatial mapping of differentiation transitions revealed the intricate interplay between cellular differentiation and morphogenesis in cardiac cellular lineages. Using spatially resolved expression analysis, we identified anatomically restricted gene expression programs. Last, we discovered a stage-dependent role for the small secreted peptide, thymosin beta-4, in the coordination of multi-lineage cellular populations. Overall, our study identifies key stage-specific regulatory programs that govern cardiac development.
Research Forum: Creating and Sustaining an Intra-library Venue to Share Library Faculty Research

INTRODUCTION Research and evidence-based practices are vital to library work, but we are often unaware of the research conducted by colleagues within our own institutions. This article describes an informal venue for library faculty and staff to discuss current research projects—including logistical considerations that are crucial to a research project’s success but are rarely discussed—and receive peer advice and support. LITERATURE REVIEW Previous studies have shown that research is a challenge for librarians, largely from lack of training. While journal clubs and writing groups are common, there is a gap in the literature on librarians discussing and receiving feedback on current research projects in an informal setting. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM A research forum (RF) series was hosted during the 2018-2019 academic year, open to all library faculty and staff. RF was hosted monthly, featuring one to three volunteers presenting their current research at any stage of the research lifecycle. Eight total presentations were given from September to March and mini-update presentations from previous presenters in April. Overall, in summative assessment, RF received very positive feedback, with respondents reporting they attended due to interest in the presented topics and to support colleagues. They also appreciated the value of RF in sharing current research projects in the library. NEXT STEPS After a successful pilot year, RF has become an important part of our libraries’ professional development offerings. RF provides a sustainable solution for research support, encouraging the sharing of research successes and challenges.
Effects of material thickness on ignition times and creeping flame spread in the thermal regime: Theory, analytical solution and experimental justification

Abstract Although there has been a lot of work on ignition times at constant imposed heat flux and on steady creeping flame spread, no definite results exist for the effect of material thickness on these phenomena, specifically away from purely thermally thick or thermally thin conditions. In this work, we first demonstrate, concentrating on the thermal ignition regime, that creeping flame spread can be cast in the form of ignition time at constant heat flux if surface heat losses are neglected. Subsequently, we review relations for ignition time for thermally thick, intermediate and thermally thin conditions including the effects of critical heat flux and heat losses. Finally based on these analyses we present for the first time, new nondimensional correlations and a theoretical way to include the effects of material thickness on creeping flame spread in a practical way as derived from exact equations in the ignition analysis. Then, we compare and validate the new relations using an earlier semi-empirical correlation developed by the author based on numerical and experimental data as well as with recent data.
Examining the Normative Operations of Nonprofit Academic Centers

This paper reflects an environmental scan of the activities of existing nonprofit academic centers affiliated with NACC. It summarizes the findings from nine field visits to nonprofit centers, a content analysis of 55 center websites, and follow-up interviews with select center administrators. By comparing the normative operations of legitimized peer centers across their educational, research, and service missions, this research helps to articulate norms whereby new and extant nonprofit centers can legitimize their work. In addition, findings can be used as a road map to inform the future regulatory landscape for nonprofit academic centers. Discussions examine the positive and negative implications of using these findings for purposes of legitimacy and regulation. Subscribe to JNEL