cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Approach to buprenorphine use for opioid withdrawal treatment in the emergency setting.

Abstract Introduction Opioid use disorder (OUD) is increasing in prevalence throughout the world, with approximately three million individuals in the United States affected. Buprenorphine is a medication designed, researched, and effectively used to assist in OUD recovery. Objective This narrative review discusses an approach to initiating buprenorphine in the emergency department (ED) for opioid-abuse recovery. Discussion Buprenorphine is a partial mu-opioid receptor agonist with high affinity and low intrinsic activity. Buprenorphine's long half-life, high potency, and ‘ceiling effect’ for both euphoric sensation and adverse effects make it an optimal treatment alternative for patients presenting to the ED with opioid withdrawal. While most commonly provided as a sublingual film or tablet, buprenorphine can also be delivered via transbuccal, transdermal, subdermal (implant), subcutaneous, and parenteral routes. Prior to ED administration, caution is recommended to avoid precipitation of buprenorphine-induced opioid withdrawal. Following the evaluation of common opioid withdrawal symptoms, a step-by-step approach to buprenorphine can by utilized to reach a sustained withdrawal relief. A multimodal medication-assisted treatment (MAT) plan involving pharmacologic treatment, as well as counseling and behavioral therapy, is essential to maintaining opioid remission. Patients may be safely discharged with safe-use counseling, close outpatient follow-up, and return precautions for continued management of their OUD. Establishing a buprenorphine program in the ED involves a multifactorial approach to establish a pro-buprenorphine culture. Conclusions Buprenorphine is an evidence-based, safe, effective treatment option for OUD in an ED-setting. Though successfully utilized by many ED-based treatment programs, the stigma of ‘replacing one opioid with another’ remains a barrier. Evidence-based discussions on the safety and benefits of buprenorphine are essential to promoting a culture of acceptance and optimizing ED OUD treatment.
Some Approximation Theorems for Inverse Limits

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses some approximation theorems for inverse limits. Only those inverse sequences are discussed whose coordinate spaces are compacta, that is, compact metric spaces. An approximation theorem for inverse limits is one that asserts the existence of a map, that is continuous function, with the limit of the inverse sequence ( X , f ) as either the domain or range space, given the existence of maps that have the various coordinate spaces as either domain or range spaces and that satisfy certain additional properties. The chapter states and proves a generalization of the induced mapping theorem from which the approximation theorems follows. The new approximation theorem is applied to show that if C is a circle-like continuum, then there exists a solenoid K (perhaps a circle) so that C embeds in K × [–1,1].
Interracial marriages: Historical and contemporary trends

Following the striking down of anti-miscegenation laws in 1967, interracial marriage has become more prevalent. This chapter begins with the story of Mildred and Richard Loving of Virginia. Their story is a pivotal component of American history. History is addressed because it provides the sociopolitical context in which interracial relationships are embedded. Thus, in this chapter the history of, and attitudes regarding, interracial marriages is discussed, in addition to current trends. A few key Supreme Court cases are highlighted. Although the focus is primarily on the United States, interracial unions in Britain and Canada are also addressed in an effort to compare the United States to other areas. In doing so, race relations are underscored. Relationship quality and stability of interracial couples in comparison to same-race couples are also explored. Theory helps guide the manner in which we frame and even understand interracial unions. Understanding theory is just as critical as understanding historical background. The chapter ends with a discussion of future research and practice.
Five years of integrating science and dance: a qualitative inquiry of constructivist elementary school teachers

ABSTRACTWhat can we learn from K-5 science teachers who have integrated science and creative dance for a five-year period? In this paper, the preliminary findings of the qualitative research conduc...
PulseRider Use in Ruptured Basilar Apex Aneurysms.

Background The PulseRider (Pulsar Vascular, Inc, Los Gatos, California, USA) device was developed to treat wide-neck aneurysms, and the Adjunctive Neurovascular Support of Wide-neck aneurysm Embolization and Reconstruction (ANSWER) Trial showed efficacy in the treatment of unruptured wide-neck aneurysms. Our case series demonstrates the use of the PulseRider device in the treatment of ruptured wide-neck aneurysms. Case Description The 2 patients in our series presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to ruptured basilar apex aneurysms. The patients were taken to the neurointervention suite for embolization of their aneurysms with the PulseRider and platinum microcoils. Conclusions In both cases, a Roy Raymond class III embolization was achieved. The patients recovered from their subarachnoid hemorrhage and were discharged with resolution of their symptoms. The presented cases document the safety and efficacy of treating ruptured aneurysms with the PulseRider device.
Anti-Presidential Bipartisanship in U.S. Foreign Policy Under Trump: The Case of the International Affairs Budget

In its first two annual budget requests, the Trump administration proposed very large cuts to U.S. spending on diplomacy and foreign assistance. Rather than approving these proposals, Congressional Democrats and Republicans worked together to maintain civilian international affairs spending at roughly constant levels. This behavior is counterintuitive given prior research finding that American politics are sharply polarized along partisan lines, Congress is often unwilling or unable to challenge the president on foreign policy, and legislators tend to be less internationalist than presidents. In this paper, I examine why a bipartisan coalition in Congress has resisted administration proposals to slash diplomatic and foreign aid programs in this surprising way. I find that the low public salience of international affairs spending and concerted advocacy by an ideologically diverse coalition of highly regarded validators of diplomacy and foreign assistance have facilitated bipartisan congressional internationalism on this issue. More generally, the paper suggests that anti-presidential bipartisanship represents a more important phenomenon in U.S. foreign policy than is commonly understood.
Toddlers' impulsivity, inhibitory control, and maternal eating-related supervision in relation to toddler body mass index: Direct and interactive effects.

Previous studies have noted that child temperament characteristics, such as aspects of self-regulation, as well as parental feeding practices contribute to children's body mass index (BMI), and have implications for identifying children who may be at risk of being overweight or obese. While studies have considered children's temperament or maternal feeding practices separately, few have considered these correlates of children's BMI jointly or in interaction in relation to children's BMI. The current study included 179 mother-child dyads participating in a longitudinal study. Information on children's impulsivity and inhibitory control was collected when children were 24 months of age. Children's tendency to emotionally overeat, maternal supervision of children's eating, and toddler and maternal BMI were assessed when children reached 30 months of age. Higher toddler impulsivity and emotional overeating, as well as maternal BMI were positively associated with toddler BMI. Inhibitory control and maternal supervision of toddler eating were not directly associated with toddler BMI. However, the main effect of toddler impulsivity was qualified by a significant interaction with maternal supervision of toddler eating. For children high in impulsivity, there was a significant negative association between maternal eating supervision and toddler BMI. For children low in impulsivity, there was a trend level (p = .059) positive relation between maternal eating supervision and toddler BMI. These findings suggest that increased maternal supervision of children's eating may be beneficial for helping children maintain a healthy BMI when they exhibit high impulsivity.
Effect of Change in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Guidelines on Vendor Participation and Availability of Fresh Produce.

INTRODUCTION In January 2018, new vendor eligibility standards for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) were fully implemented to increase availability of healthy staple and perishable foods. We examined changes in SNAP vendor participation and availability of fresh fruits and vegetables (FFV) both short-term (2015 vs 2018) and long term (2003 vs 2018) in an urban, low-income community. METHODS We conducted food store assessments from late June through early September of 2003, 2009, 2012, 2015, and 2018 in Albany, New York. SNAP status was assessed by using the US Department of Agriculture's list of SNAP-authorized stores and in-store verification. RESULTS Numbers of SNAP vendors were 77 in 2003, 92 in 2009, 103 in 2012, 115 in 2015, and 109 in 2018. We observed a marginally significant (P = .049) short-term (2015, 85.9% vs 2018, 73.9%) decline in SNAP participation among convenience stores but no significant short-term changes in FFV availability among either SNAP or non-SNAP vendors. In long-term (2003 through 2018) trends, we found significant (P < .01) increases in SNAP participation among farmers markets and nonprofit organizations. The proportion of SNAP vendors stocking only 1 type of FFV also significantly increased, which was likely related to a consumer trend of favoring bananas as a grab-and-go snack. CONCLUSION Despite the decline of SNAP participation among convenience stores, which primarily came from increased program withdrawals, the new SNAP rule did not substantially alter FFV availability after 6 to 8 months of its full implementation. Long term, policy efforts increased SNAP participation among farmers markets.
Delays in colonoscopy start time are associated with reductions in adenoma detection rates

Abstract Background Prior investigations of the impact of case delays on adenoma detection rates have not found a significant association, though these studies included modest delays, with few cases delayed by more than one hour. Aims The aim of this study was to measure the impact of prolonged case delays on the colonoscopy outcome measures of adenoma detection rate and withdrawal time. Methods We performed a single center cohort study including patients aged ≥50 years undergoing screening colonoscopy during a 4.5 year period. Using multivariate regression, we measured the impact of delays on adenoma detection rate and withdrawal time, adjusting for age, gender, endoscopist, time of day of the procedure, and bowel preparation quality. Results Of 7905 screening colonoscopies, 2503 (32%) were delayed by >1 h. On multivariable analysis, cases delayed 1–2 h were associated with a significant decrease in adenoma detection rate relative to cases delayed ≤1 h (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78–1.00, p = 0.049). Withdrawal time was not significantly associated with case delays. Conclusions Prolonged case delays over 1 h are associated with reduced adenoma detection rates. Future research on factors underlying prolonged delays may help mitigate these barriers to care and improve quality outcomes.
Spine Tumors: Technological Advances

The technological advances in spine surgery serve to support the surgeon through the preservation of the functionality of the spine during tumor resection. Numerous avenues of technology help achieve this goal. Three-dimensional printing allows for improved surgical planning of patient-specific complex anatomy and customized implants. There has been tremendous growth in the application of robotics in spine surgery. They aid surgeons by increasing the precision of instrumentation and navigation. In the realm of data analysis, machine learning has come to the forefront. Machine learning allows for complex analysis of big data to predict models such as patient survival following metastatic spine disease or risk factors for postoperative complications. Neural mapping technologies such as motor-evoked potentials assist spine surgeons by ensuring safe resection of tumors while maintaining nerve function. Intraoperative assistive technology includes augmented reality and fluorescence surgery, both of which allow for improved navigation and identification of complex anatomy.
Investigating the relationship between comprehensibility and social evaluation

Abstract The processing fluency hypothesis proposes that listeners’ perceived difficulty processing the speech of L2 speakers (called comprehensibility/processing fluency) leads them to downgrade those speakers socially. In this paper, we investigate this relationship, focusing on context-specificity. L1-English listeners provided comprehensibility and social evaluation ratings of L1-Korean speakers speaking English, while an orthographic depiction of the speech either appeared alongside the audio or did not, a manipulation aiming to affect comprehensibility. Varying orthography between subjects, Experiment 1 found that orthography resulted in greater comprehensibility, but not more positive social evaluations. Experiment 2 manipulated orthography within subjects, varying context: orthography trials were presented first or last. Comprehensibility and social evaluation ratings were related only when orthography was first, suggesting a conditional, asymmetrical relationship where listeners more readily downgrade than upgrade the same speaker when orthography changes. Our results highlight the context-dependent nature of these constructs, limiting the generalizability of the processing fluency hypothesis.
Thirty-Day Readmission Among Patients with Alcoholic Acute Pancreatitis.

Alcoholic acute pancreatitis (AAP) comprises the second most common cause of acute pancreatitis in the USA, and there is lack of data regarding 30-day specific readmission causes and predictors. We aim to identify 30-day readmission rate, causes, and predictors of readmission. Retrospective analysis of the 2016 National Readmission Database of adult patients readmitted within 30 days after an index admission for AAP. Totally, 76,609 AAP patients were discharged from the hospital in 2016. The 30-day readmission rate was 12%. The main cause of readmission was another episode of AAP. Readmission was not associated with higher mortality (1.3% vs. 1.2%; P = 0.21) or prolonged length of stay (5.2 vs. 5.0 days; P = 0.06). The total health care economic burden was $354 million in charges and $90 million in costs. Independent predictors of readmission were having Medicaid insurance, a Charlson comorbidity index score ≥ 3, use of total parenteral nutrition, opioid abuse disorder, prior pancreatic cyst, chronic alcoholic pancreatitis, and other chronic pancreatitis. Obesity was associated with lower odds of readmission. Readmission rate for AAP is high and its primary cause are recurrent episodes of AAP. Alcohol and substance abuse pose a high burden on our health care system. Public health strategies should be targeted to provide alcohol abuse disorder rehabilitation and cessation resources to alleviate the burden on readmission, the health care system and to improve patient outcomes.
Shouting out Loud: Signaling Modules in the Regulation of Stomatal Development

Stomata are small pores on the surface of land plants that facilitate gas exchange for photosynthesis while minimizing water loss. The function of stomata is pivotal for plant growth and survival. Intensive research on the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has discovered key peptide signaling pathways, transcription factors, and polarity components that together drive proper stomatal development and patterning. In this review we focus on recent findings that have revealed co-option of peptide-receptor kinase signaling modules - utilized for diverse developmental processes and immune response. We further discuss an emerging connection between extrinsic signaling and intrinsic polarity modules. These findings have further enlightened our understanding of this fascinating developmental process.
Number of screws in the articular segment of distal humerus AO/OTA C-type fractures treated with open reduction internal fixation is associated with complication rate.

Introduction : Surgical treatment of distal humerus fractures can lead to numerous complications. Data suggest that the number of screws in the distal (articular) segment may be associated with complication rate. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between a number of screws in the distal segment and complication rate for surgical treatment of distal humerus fractures. We hypothesize that the number of screws in the articular segment of distal humerus AO/OTA C-type fractures treated with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) will be inversely proportional to the complication rate. Methods : We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study of 27 patients who underwent ORIF of distal humerus fractures C-type with at least six months of radiographic and clinical follow-up. Clinical outcomes including a range of motion, pain, revision surgery for stiffness and/or heterotopic ossification (HO), nonunion, and persistent ulnar nerve symptoms requiring revision neurolysis were recorded. Results : In C-type fractures, the use of three or fewer articular screws was significantly associated with nonunion or loss of fixation (RR 17, p = 0.006). Nineteen of 36 (53%) patients experienced at least one complication. The surgical approach, plate configuration, age, and ulnar nerve treatment (none, in situ release, transposition) were not associated with the need for revision surgery. Men had a higher risk of requiring surgical contracture release due to improving post-operative stiffness (RR 12, p = 0.02). Conclusion : In this retrospective study, the use of three or fewer screws to fix articular fragments in AO type C fractures was a significant risk for nonunion or loss of fixation. Plate configuration and surgical approach did not correlate with outcomes. Men had higher rates of complications and required more frequent revision surgery compared to women.
Awake fiberoptic intubation: A narrative clinical review based on the Cleveland Clinic experience

Abstract Background. Awake fiberoptic intubation is an indispensable technique that every anesthesiologist should be familiar with. Adequate topicalization, sedation and hand-eye coordination results in a safe, smooth, painless, and anxiety-free intubation for the patient. On the other hand, if the anesthesiologist does not take the time to prepare and perform the procedure adequately, it can be a very traumatic experience for all involved. Aim of this review. There are many techniques to topicalize the airway, administer sedation, and perform an FOI. In this article we aim to describe the various educational aspects and techniques required to perform a safe awake fiberoptic intubation as well as preferred methods of our ENT anesthesiologists at our institution The Cleveland Clinic. We hereby describe data regarding the number of awake fiberoptic intubations performed, and present the techniques utilized at our institution, The Cleveland Clinic. With over 9000 awake fiberoptic intubations performed at our institution, The Cleveland Clinic, since 2006 we thoroughly describe what is required to perform a successful awake fiberoptic intubation.
Task Partitioning and User Association for Latency Minimization in Mobile Edge Computing Networks

Mobile edge computing (MEC) is a promising solution to support emerging delay-sensitive mobile applications. With MEC servers deployed at the network edge, the computational tasks generated by these applications can be offloaded to edge nodes (ENs) and quickly executed there. Meanwhile, with the projected large number of IoT devices, the communication and computational resources allocated to each user can be quite limited, providing low-latency MEC services becomes challenging. In this paper, we investigate the problem of task partitioning and user association in an MEC system, aiming to minimize the average latency of all users. We assume that each task can be partitioned into multiple independent subtasks that can be executed on local devices (e.g., vehicles), MEC servers, and/or cloud servers; each user can be associated with one of the nearby ENs. We formulate a mixed-integer programming problem to determine the task partitioning ratios and user association. Such a problem is solved by decomposing it into two subproblems. The lower-level subproblem relates to task partitioning under a given user association, which can be solved optimally. The higher-level subproblem is user association, where we propose a dual decomposition-based approach to solve it. Simulation results show that, compared to benchmark schemes, the proposed schemes reduce the average latency by approximately 50%.
\(B \infty {1 \over T}\) and Meissner Effect 1933 Re-explained by Gill’s Electronic Theory of Magnetism 1964

Curie point is reached according to Gill’s electronic theory of magnetism 1964 because of the increased inter-atomic distance at a certain high temperature for a particular metal which makes it impossible for some exposed electrons of a ferromagnetic atom to latch onto the exposed protons of the next atom to cause magnetization. This Curie point could be increased by applying a stronger external magnetic field. Meissner effect 1933 refers to the lateral expulsion or squeezing out of an otherwise constant total magnetic flux from within the magnet to the outside on cooling of the magnet to a critical temperature as it results in less internal space. It will be shown that the concept of internal plus external magnetic flux as a constant is wrong and an alternative explanation will be presented to explain the Meissner experiment results obtained in 1933 with the help of Gill’s electronic theory of magnetism 1964 (the re-explained Meissner effect). Gill’s electronic theory of magnetism shows that the reduced inter-atomic distance of the magnetized chain inside the magnetized tin cylinder on cooling will result in a greater number of electrons of one atom to latch onto the protons of the next atom and so on. This increased magnetic force of attraction between exposed electrons and protons of adjacent magnetized atoms will prevent any expulsion of the increased intra-magnetic force along its lateral length. There is greater magnetization of the tin cylinders resultant magnetic poles at the two ends due to reduced inter-atomic distance due to cooling resulting in the development of a stronger external magnetic force around the tin cylinder, with no change in the external applied external magnetic force and this is the correct Meissner effect. Levitation of the electron dependent north magnetic pole of a magnet in the Meissner experiment due to a dense layer of electrons on the tin surface will be addressed. Superconductivity will be explained by super-cooling leading to a greatly reduced inter-atomic distance leading to easy flow of the free outer valence electrons as they are experiencing near zero resistance while flowing from one atom to the next. These outer free electrons in a superconducting supercooled state will experience equal force from neighboring consecutive proton masses of consecutive atoms and thus are able to move freely with zero resistance.
Caribbean Women’s Health and Transnational Ethnobotany

Caribbean Women’s Health and Transnational Ethnobotany. Immigrants from the Dominican Republic (DR) and Haiti are among the top foreign–born communities in New York City (NYC). As people migrate to new countries, they bring their ethnomedical beliefs and practices, and adapt their plant pharmacopoeias. Haiti and the DR share a flora on the island of Hispaniola. In NYC, the flora is limited to what is available in the city. We selected plants for future laboratory research based on ethnobotanical data from two surveys among Dominicans in the DR and NYC, and a Haitian literature review. In both Dominican datasets, gynecological infections were the top women’s health condition treated with plants. We identified 10 species for this purpose reported by Dominicans that are also known medicines in Haitian culture, although not yet documented for women’s health. Plants for gynecological infections potentially cause dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiota, and may increase rather than prevent disease. There is a public health need to assess traditional medicines for their ability to inhibit pathogenic bacteria, while causing minimal disruption to the vaginal flora. Several species are known antibacterials, but remain to be tested for their efficacy. These results also provide a foundation for a planned ethnobotanical survey among NYC Haitian women.
Fake news, fake truth: A new purpose for public schooling

Abstract The world is adversely affected by the plethora of easily available fake and misleading information. Public schools are established to help generate responsible citizens.Public schools may have a role to play in addressing the fake news, fake truth problem.
Parkinson disease prediction using feature selection technique in machine learning

Parkinson's is a complex disease. That includes numerous physical, mental, and neurological assessments. The Assessments incorporate examining various signs and side effects, exploring the clinical history, and checking the sensory system states. In our proposed method, we applied five different classifiers. This paper aims to increase the accuracy and optimize the feature used in the dataset. We used the hybrid feature selection method for optimization, which combines the wrapper and filter methods. The method name is Recursive Feature Elimination. The highest accuracy was gained by the classifier XGBoost, 97.43%, with nine features out of 22 features.
Neurogenic Bladder Secondary to Congenital Spinal Lesions

Neurogenic bladder that results from congenital spinal lesions is an important clinical entity. Unfortunately, the definition of neurogenic bladder is not straightforward. While the literature is plentiful, there are limited long-term outcomes that are known regarding the clinical or surgical management of these patients. There is even controversy regarding the workup and early infant treatment of neurogenic bladder. Without better disease definitions and phenotypes, the management remains non-standardized and the outcomes are not known. Appropriate understanding of the physical and clinical findings observed in this group of patients will help us to better define the risk of progression of disease. The following review and summary of the most recent literature will hopefully decrease some of the confusion and stimulate conversation about the creation and adoption of standards for workup and follow-up.
Failing to Focus on Healthy Aging: A Frailty of Our Discipline?

The academic geriatrics community has provided outstanding leadership in addressing frailty and complexity in older adults, but a minority of older adults are frail. Although resources to treat older adults are limited, and it is appropriate to focus clinical efforts on those with frailty and multimorbidity, there is also important expertise that can be brought to bear on the health of ALL older adults. A review of the literature suggests that attention to healthy or successful aging has failed to keep pace with the focus on frailty. By providing leadership to promote successful aging, the quality of life of older adults across the spectrum can be improved and transitions to frailty reduced. The template that leaders have established in understanding frailty—defining and operationalizing it, understanding outcomes, identifying pathophysiology—can be used as an approach to successful aging. Several community-based programs have been successful in promoting successful aging. These are potentially highly scalable and could have a substantial effect on the aging population, but their essential components need to be better understood. The geriatrics community is uniquely positioned to take on this role. This is a critical time to work together to make the lives of all older adults as healthy and fulfilling as possible.
TDT with Covariates and Genomic Screens with Mod Scores: Their Behavior on Simulated Data

We describe an extension to the TDT (transmission/disequilibrium test) which allows for more than two marker alleles and for covariates measured on the parent or offspring. We also describe a systematic genomic search where the mod score (maximized lod score) is computed for each marker under constraints on the population prevalence or penetrances of a single locus.
Fleiss, Joseph L †

Joseph L. Fleiss was a biostatistician who made important contributions to the analysis of diagnostic reliability, clinical trials, and categorical data. He was born on November 13, 1937, in Brooklyn, New York, and he died on June 12, 2003, in Ridgewood, New Jersey. This encyclopedia entry describes his impact on research in psychiatry, dentistry, and cardiology and traces his career as a researcher, professor, and department chair at Columbia University in New York City. It highlights Fleiss's impact on clinical trials and as an author of more than 200 scientific papers and of accessible biostatistics texts on rates and proportions, and on clinical trials. Keywords: statistical methods for rates and proportions; Kappa values; clinical trial; Columbia University
10 heuristics for designing administrative user interfaces: a collaboration between ethnography, design, and engineering

The lack of focus on administrative interfaces often comes from management's mandate to prioritize end user screens ahead of others. This often shortchanges a more technical class of users with unique needs and requirements. At Oracle, design heuristics for admininstrative GUIs were sourced from a multitude of sources in the corporate ecosystem. Ethnographers, software architects, designers, and the administrators themselves all contributed to bring a better understanding of this often forgotten class of user. Administrators were found to inhabit anywhere from two to five particular classifications, depending on the size of the company. Recently, an ethnographer studied one classification in greater detail, the Database Administrator, while a designer, in the course of an E-Business Suite Installer project analyzed another, the application administrator. What emerged based on the gathered data was a remarkably consistent and universal set of rules and tools that can be used to lower the total cost of ownership and increase usability, attractiveness, and satisfaction for administrative interfaces.
Separation Length Scaling in Hypervelocity Double Cone Air Flows

A hallmark problem in the study of shockwave/boundary-layer interactions (SBLI) is the flow over a double cone. The system of conical shocks interact with a developing boundary layer to produce a region of flow separation. Due to the presence of real gas effects (defined here to mean any deviations from perfect gas behavior resulting from thermal transitions and chemical reactions), air simulations routinely fail to match experimental data at flow enthalpies greater than 6 MJ/kg [1]. The double cone flow has been identified as an exceptionally suitable model problem due to the sensitivity of the separation zone size and heat transfer rates to real gas effects [2]. Numerous researchers have investigated these flow fields both experimentally and computationally [3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. Many studies focus on the pressure and heat transfer distributions, in an effort to verify chemical and thermal models. The development of the shock system and separation zone has been investigated with varying configurations for both double cones [8] and double wedges [9].
Three-finger toxin fold for the extracellular ligand-binding domain of the type II activin receptor serine kinase.

The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily of cytokines elicit diverse biological responses by interacting with two distinct, but structurally related transmembrane receptor serine kinases (type I and type II). The binding of these dimeric ligands to the type II receptor is the first event in transmembrane signaling for this family. Here we report the 1.5 A resolution crystal structure of the extracellular ligand-binding domain of the type II activin receptor (ActRII-ECD), which reveals a fold similar to that of a class of toxins known as three-finger toxins. This fold is primarily dictated by disulfide bonds formed by eight conserved cysteines, with a characteristic spacing, and thus is likely to be shared by most of the type I and II receptors for the TGFβ family. Sequence comparison with an evolutionarily distant activin binding-protein identifies several conserved residues, including two hydrophobic clusters that may form binding surfaces for activin and the type I receptor.
Place cells, head direction cells, and the learning of landmark stability

Previous studies have shown that hippocampal place fields are controlled by the salient sensory cues in the environment, in that rotation of the cues causes an equal rotation of the place fields. We trained rats to forage for food pellets in a gray cylinder with a single salient directional cue, a white card covering 90 degrees of the cylinder wall. Half of the rats were disoriented before being placed in the cylinder, in order to disrupt their internal sense of direction. The other half were not disoriented before being placed in the cylinder; for these rats, there was presumably a consistent relationship between the cue card and their internal direction sense. We subsequently recorded hippocampal place cells and thalamic head direction cells from both groups of rats as they moved in the cylinder; between some sessions the cylinder and cue card were rotated to a new direction. All rats were disoriented before recording. Under these conditions, the cue card had much weaker control over the place fields and head direction cells in the rats that had been disoriented during training than in the rats that had not been disoriented. For the former group, the place fields often rotated relative to the cue card or completely changed their firing properties between sessions. In all recording sessions, the head direction cells and place cells were strongly coupled. It appears that the strength of cue control over place cells and head direction cells depends on the rat's learned perception of the stability of the cues.
Anemia of Central Origin

Hypoproliferative anemia results from the inability of bone marrow to produce adequate numbers of red blood cells. The list of conditions that cause hypoproliferative anemia is long, starting from common etiologies as iron deficiency to rarer diagnoses of constitutional bone marrow failure syndromes. There is no perfect diagnostic algorithm, and clinical data may not always clearly distinguish "normal" from "abnormal", yet it is important for practicing clinicians to recognize each condition so that treatment can be initiated promptly. This review describes diagnostic approaches to hypoproliferative anemia, with particular emphasis on bone marrow failure syndromes.
Role of Experience in the Development of Foraging Skills of Lambs Browsing the Shrub Serviceberry

We studied the development of foraging skills in lambs to better understand why sheep foraging in an unfamiliar environment ingest less forage per unit time than sheep familiar with the environment. We hypothesized that inexperienced sheep are less efficient foragers, in part, because they lack the skills necessary to efficiently prehend and ingest forage. Twenty twin lambs were assigned to either a treatment (experienced) or a control (inexperienced) group. Experienced lambs received 15 times more exposure to the shrub Amelanchier' alnifolia than inexperienced lambs. This experimental design allowed us to test three predictions that stem from our hypothesis. Prediction 1: experienced lambs harvest forage more efficiently than do inexperienced lambs as forage becomes more difficult to harvest. Our results showed that inexperienced vs. experienced lambs did not differ in ability to ingest pelleted (38 vs. 36 g min−1) or chopped (6.7 vs. 7.4 g min−1) shrub, but experienced lambs were more efficient (P < 0.05) at foraging from entire plants (4.1 vs. 4.7 g min−1) in pen trials of 2-min duration on two occasions. Prediction 2: experienced lambs ingest forage more quickly than inexperienced lambs. We found that the intake rate of experienced lambs was higher (P < 0.05) than for inexperienced lambs (5.0 vs. 4.3 g min−1) in pasture trials of 5-min duration on two occasions. Inexperienced lambs took larger (P < 0.05) bites (0.20 vs. 0.16 g per bite), but this did not compensate for the lack of prehension skill. Prediction 3: experienced lambs have better developed prehension skills than inexperienced lambs. We found that although both groups used similar prehension patterns during pasture trials, inexperienced lambs were less (P < 0.05) successful than experienced lambs at obtaining food by breaking twigs (56% vs. 77% success), stripping leaves (65% vs. 77% success) and plucking individual leaves (81% vs. 89% success).
Evolution of Stationary Crossflow Vortices in Boundary Layers on Swept Wings

The spatial evolution of crossflow-vortex disturbances in a laminar boundary layer on a swept wing is computed by the direct numerical simulation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. A wall-normal velocity distribution of steady suction and blowing at the wing surface is used to generate a strip of equally spaced and periodic disturbances along the span. Three simulations are conducted to study the effect of initial amplitude on both the disturbance evolution and to provide a database for transition-onset prediction methods. As an example application, a theory for a transition model is compared with the direct numerical simulations data. In each simulation, the vortex disturbances first enter a chordwise region that can be described as linear growth; then, the individual disturbances coalesce downsteam and either superpose linearly or interact nonlinearly with adjacent modes; finally, the crossflow vortices enter a region that contains strong nonlinear interactions sufficient to generate inflectional velocity profiles. As the initial amplitude of the disturbance increases (roughness size increases), the length of the evolution to breakdown decreases. In the example application, the three simulations collapse onto a single curve, which is an intermittency correlation for a transition model.
LayTracks3D: a new approach to meshing general solids using medial axis transform

This paper presents an extension of the all-quad meshing algorithm called LayTracks to generate high quality hex and hexdominant meshes of 3D assembly models. LayTracks3D uses the mapping between the Medial Axis (MA) and the boundary of the 3D domain to decompose complex 3D domains into simpler domains called Tracks. Tracks in 3D are similar to tunnels with no branches and are symmetric, non-intersecting, orthogonal to the boundary, and the shortest path from the MA to the boundary. These properties of tracks result in desired meshes with near cube shape elements at the boundary, structured mesh along the boundary normal with any irregular nodes restricted to the MA, and sharp boundary feature preservation. The algorithm has been tested on a few industrial CAD models and hex-dominant meshes are shown in the result section. The paper also describes how this algorithm can be extended to produce all-hex meshes in general geometries. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the 23rd International Meshing Roundtable (IMR23)
Sparse matrix multiplication package (SMMP)

Routines callable from FORTRAN and C are described which implement matrix{matrix multiplication and transposition for a variety of sparse matrix formats. Conversion routines between various formats are provided. Keywords: sparse matrices, matrix multiplication, transposition, numerical linear algebra AMS MOS Classication : Numerical Analysis (Numerical Linear Algebra)
Vibro-molding of refractory compounds

The advantages of vibro-molding lie in the fact that the density and strength of the product are high, the properties are evenly distributed throughout the product, the grain size distribution is not affected, and a high-grade grog product can be molded from a compound containing a large proportion of fine particle fraction.
Phenotypic variability of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings as a result of inhibition of Hsp90 chaperones

The influence of geldanamycin (GDA)—an inhibitor of Hsp90 chaperones—on the growth and morphogenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings was studied. It was shown that the treatment of seeds Col with the inhibitor resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the variability of seedling growth rates and phenotypes. GDA treatment of genetic polymorphic seeds of natural A. thaliana populations and UV-B irradiated seeds Col resulted in a significant rise in the amount of nongerminated seeds. The obtained data testify that Hsp90 may restrict stochastic processes, thereby participating in plant development canalization, conceal genetic variations, and maintain cell viability.
Radiotherapy of the resected mandible following stainless steel plate fixation.

There is general concern among otolaryngologists that irradiation of a stainless steel prosthesis used in mandibular reconstruction may cause irradiation overdosage to adjacent tissues. A tissue-equivalent plastic/steel model, simulating the characteristics of a stainless steel, reconstructed mandible, was irradiated and measurements were made with a parallel plate ionization chamber. The results of our measurements show that irradiation of an implanted steel plate results in an overdosage (120%) “in front” and an underdosage (80%) “behind” the steel plate. The regions of overdosage and underdosage are 2 to 3 mm thick. The overall dose modification is greatly reduced when two opposing fields are used. We conclude that irradiation of a stainless steel, reconstructed mandible with a 6-mV photon beam through opposing fields does not significantly alter the amount of radiation delivered to surrounding tissues.
Reproductive Ecology and Cub Survival of Florida Black Bears

Abstract We investigated reproductive ecology and cub survival of Florida black bears (Ursus americanus floridanus) in Ocala National Forest and the adjacent residential area of Lynne, Florida, USA, 1999–2003. We documented production of 81 cubs from 39 litters. Average litter size was 2.08 ± 0.11 (SE) cubs. The mean age of first reproduction was 3.25 ± 0.27 years. Excluding females that reproduced in consecutive years due to litter loss, interlitter interval was 2.11 ± 0.11 years. The mean annual fecundity rate was 0.57 ± 0.06. We used expandable radiocollars to monitor the fate of 41 bear cubs. The probability of cubs surviving to 9 months of age was 0.46 ± 0.09 and did not differ between cohorts or study locations. The most important causes of cub mortality included infanticide and mortality caused directly or indirectly by collisions with vehicles. Our results indicate that reproductive rates of female black bears in the Ocala study area are comparable to those reported for other black bear population...
On some direct encodings of nondeterministic Turing machines operating in polynomial time into p-complete problems

Cook [1] and Karp [2] introduced the notion of complete problems. Meyer and Stockmeyer [3] showed that some problems require exponential time. All these problems have a common property which in the latter case implies that they cannot be solved in polynomial time.
2-Role assignments on triangulated graphs

If G is a graph, a k-role assignment is a function mapping each vertex into a role, a positive integer 1, 2,...,k, so that if x and y have the same role, then the sets of roles assigned to their neighbors are the same. A graph is called a triangulated graph if it contains no chord-less cycle of four or more vertices. One interesting type of triangulated graph is the indifference graph, that is a graph for which we can find a function on its vertex set so that if x and y are adjacent, then their assigned function values are close. We study 2-role assignments for triangulated graphs. We provide a "greedy" algorithm for finding a 2-role assignment on a connected, nonbipartite triangulated graph with at most one pendant vertex. We characterize indifference graphs that have a 2-role assignment.
Serum and tissue concentrations of cefoxitin and cefotaxime in women undergoing hysterectomy.

In a comparative study of serum and uterine tissue concentrations of cefoxitin and cefotaxime in patients undergoing hysterectomy, 40 patients were randomised to receive either cefoxitin 2g or cefotaxime 2g by intravenous administration. Serum samples were obtained before drug administration, at the ligation of the uterine arteries and at the end of surgery. Cefoxitin, cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime concentrations were determinedby high performance liquid chromatography. The composite serum halflives (determined by linear regression) for cefoxitin, cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime were 0.8, 0.7 and 2.1 hours, respectively. Although serum concentrations were higher for cefotaxime than for cefoxitin after a 2g dose, the uterine concentrations (at 40 mins) of cefoxitin were higher (51 μg/g vs 16 μg/g) than those of cefotaxime. After a 2g dose of cefotaxime the desacetylcefotaxime peak uterine concentration was 8 μg/g. Both drugs achieved adequate concentrations in serum and uterine tissue to prevent and treat infections caused by common Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia coli, with cefotaxime having a longer apparent duration of activity. However, cefoxitin provided serum and uterine concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration of Bacteroides fragilis for a longer period than did cefotaxime.
Physiology of oil seeds. V. Germination of NC-13 virginia-type peanut seeds in the presence of inhibitors and ethylene

Control dormant seeds that imbibed water for 16 hr germinated 100% after 10 μ 1/1 C2H4 was applied for 24 hr. Dormant seeds that imbibed cycloheximide (100 μg/ml), 6-methylpurine (50 μ g/ml) and 6-azauracil (50 μ g/ml) for 16 hr did not germinate at either 24 or 48 hr after 10 μ 1/1 ethylene treatment. Both protein- and nucleic acid-synthesis ihhibitors prevented germination induced by ethylene in these dormant seeds. Imbibition of 20 μ M ABA by dormant seeds prevented germination, but this effect was reversed by ethylene. Tracer studies with 14C-amino acids indicate that ABA does not inhibit total protein synthesis, but it does inhibit emergence in the absence of ethylene. In the presence of ABA plus ethylene, emergence occurred, but no change in total protein synthesis was detected. At 8 weeks after harvest, both germination and incorporation of 2–14C-uracil into RNA were inhibited by ABA and stimulated by ethylene. By 17 weeks after harvest, only the inhibition of germination and its reversal by ethylene were notable. However, at 17 weeks after harvest, ethylene enhanced RNA synthesis when germination and protein synthesis were inhibited by cycloheximide. Development of isocitritase activity in the seeds was inhibited by ABA and the inhibition was reversed by ethylene, indicating that de novo synthesis of protein is inhibited by ABA and activated by ethylene in these seeds. The opposite effects of ABA and ethylene on germination, RNA synthesis and isocitritase activity suggest that germination is controlled at the level of RNA and/or protein synthesis in these seeds. The prevention of germination of dormant seeds in the presence of ethylene by protein- and RNA-synthesis ihhibitors supports this suggestion, but the data do not preclude an action of ABA or ethylene prior to detectable affects on RNA or protein synthesis