cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic analysis of plane turbulent Couette-Poiseuille flows

Matched asymptotic expansions, are used to describe turbulent Couette–Poiseuille flow (plane duct flow with a pressure gradient and a moving wall). A special modification of conventional eddy-diffusivity closure accounts for the experimentally observed non-coincidence of the locations of zero shear stress and maximum velocity. An asymptotic solution is presented which is valid as the Reynolds number tends to infinity for the whole family of Couette–Poiseuille flows (adverse, favourable, and zero pressure gradients in combination with a moving wall). It is shown that plane Poiseuille flow is a limiting case of Couette–Poiseuille flow. The solution agrees with experimental data for plane Couette flow, for the limiting plane Poiseuille flow, and for a special case having zero net flow and an adverse pressure gradient. The asymptotic analysis shows that conventional eddy diffusivity closures are inadequate for general Couette–Poiseuille flows.
School Board Elections A Study of Citizen Voting Patterns

This study measured voter turnout in school board elections when elections were scheduled in even-numbered years rather than odd-numbered years. A study was made of voter participation is 22 school districts in Riverside County, California. The study measured the voting patterns in school districts that scheduled school board elections in even years as opposed to elections conducted in odd years. Research findings show that there is a significant difference in voter turnout between those districts conducting elections in even-numbered years and those districts holding elections in odd-numbered years. Since 1985, districts that scheduled elections in even years averaged a 43.85% voter tumout, whereas school board elections in odd years averaged 20.79% during the same period.
Notes on Heinrich Isaac's Virgo prudentissima

Isaac9s Virgo prudentissima , composed in 1507 for the Reichstag in Constance that confirmed Maximilian I as Holy Roman Emperor, is one of the composer9s most complex and extended works. It is also a self-consciously constructivist piece that looks back to the repertoire of tenor motets pioneered by Guillaume Du Fay, Jehan de Ockeghem, and most prominently by Iohannes Regis. Yet its construction is markedly different from similar motets by his contemporary Josquin Des Prez, who used a nearly schematic construction in Miserere mei Deus , and ostinato techniques in Illibata Dei genitrix . This article takes a close look at Virgo prudentissima in order to show how Isaac achieves both a great deal of variety in textures and sonorities and a remarkable degree of motivic and thematic unity in the piece. The unity in Isaac9s motet is largely due to an interplay of two basic textures and two kinds of motivic construction that are exposed in the first few sections of each pars and then fused in the concluding section, and to a judicious choice of which phrases of the cantus firmus—an antiphon for Vespers of the Assumption—he chooses to paraphrase in the free voices. The motet9s mensural structure—one section with all voices in 𝇈, and one with the tenor continuing in ▮ but the other five voices switching to 𝇈 2 , with semibreve-minim equivalence with the tenor—has been ignored entirely in all modern performances of the work that have been recorded in the last thirty years, usually with disastrous consequences for the performance of the secunda pars of the work. Isaac9s notation is implausible until one realizes that he is using it for symbolic purposes and at the same time pointing to a correct tempo relationship between the partes by his organization of the phrase structure and the imitation at the beginning of the secunda pars . Isaac thus places this motet in what can be called a mensural tradition, which has its beginnings in the motets of Du Fay in the 143 0s and in the wholesale adoption of the “English” relationship between triple and duple meters in the second half of the fifteenth century.
The efficacy of carmustine wafers for older patients with glioblastoma multiforme: prolonging survival

Abstract Objective: Peak incidence of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) occurs in individuals aged 65 years and older. The goal was to evaluate the efficacy of carmustine wafers in prolonging survival for older GBM patients. Methods: One hundred and thirty-three consecutive patients aged 65 years and older who underwent surgery for an intracranial primary (de novo) GBM from 1997-2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Among these 133 patients, 45 patients with carmustine wafer implantation were matched with 45 patients without implantation. These groups were matched for factors consistently shown to be associated with survival (age, Karnofsky performance scale, extent of resection, radiation therapy, and temozolomide). Survival was expressed as estimated Kaplan-Meier plots, and log-rank analysis was used to compare survival curves. Variables with P<0·05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The mean (±standard deviation) age of the cohort was 73±5 years, and the median survival of the entir...
The NIF: An international high energy density and inertial fusion user facility

The NIF, the world's most energetic laser has been operational since 2009, and is now transitioning to an international user facility for high-energy-density and inertial fusion research. This paper summarizes NIF's experimental capabilities and results.
Solution NMR characterization of chemokine CXCL8/IL-8 monomer and dimer binding to glycosaminoglycans: structural plasticity mediates differential binding interactions

Chemokine CXCL8/interleukin-8 (IL-8) plays a crucial role in directing neutrophils and oligodendrocytes to combat infection/injury and tumour cells in metastasis development. CXCL8 exists as monomers and dimers and interaction of both forms with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) mediate these diverse cellular processes. However, very little is known regarding the structural basis underlying CXCL8–GAG interactions. There are conflicting reports on the affinities, geometry and whether the monomer or dimer is the high-affinity GAG ligand. To resolve these issues, we characterized the binding of a series of heparin-derived oligosaccharides [heparin disaccharide (dp2), heparin tetrasaccharide (dp4), heparin octasaccharide (dp8) and heparin 14-mer (dp14)] to the wild-type (WT) dimer and a designed monomer using solution NMR spectroscopy. The pattern and extent of binding-induced chemical shift perturbation (CSP) varied between dimer and monomer and between longer and shorter oligosaccharides. NMR-based structural models show that different interaction modes coexist and that the nature of interactions varied between monomer and dimer and oligosaccharide length. MD simulations indicate that the binding interface is structurally plastic and provided residue-specific details of the dynamic nature of the binding interface. Binding studies carried out under conditions at which WT CXCL8 exists as monomers and dimers provide unambiguous evidence that the dimer is the high-affinity GAG ligand. Together, our data indicate that a set of core residues function as the major recognition/binding site, a set of peripheral residues define the various binding geometries and that the structural plasticity of the binding interface allows multiplicity of binding interactions. We conclude that structural plasticity most probably regulates in vivo CXCL8 monomer/dimer–GAG interactions and function. * BSA, : buried surface area; CSP, : chemical shift perturbation; dp2, : heparin disaccharide; dp4, : heparin tetrasaccharide; dp8, : heparin octasaccharide; dp14, : heparin 14-mer; dp26, : heparin 26-mer; HADDOCK, : high-ambiguity-driven biomolecular docking; HS, : heparan sulfate; IL-8, : interleukin 8; GAG, : glycosaminoglycan; IdoA, : iduronic acid; GlcN, : glucosamine; PME, : Particle Mesh Ewald; SA, : simulated annealing; WT, : wild-type
Propagation of cortical differences in tetrahymena.

ABSTRACT Progeny clones were derived froin crosses arranged so that the number of ciliary meridians (corticotype) was unusually high in one partner, and normal in the other. An analysis of the propagation of corticotypes during maintenance of these clones for up to 1,000 fissions indicated that corticotypos above 21 undergo a rapid downward shift, while corticotypes in the range of 18 to 21 change slowly. Although these observations are consistent with NANNEY9Sea rlier deduction of a "stability center" at corticotype 19, there appears to be little if any difference in the stability of perpetuation of corticotypes 18, 19 and 20. Within this "stability range," the inertia of maintenance of pre-existing corticotypes is sufficiently strong that sister clones derived from an exconjugant pair can remain different for 1,000 fissions. These findings are consistent with observations made earlier, and those in the present study, indicating that cells in stock cultures express a substantial range of corticotypes even when maintained with frequent transfer. The results suggest that mechanisms of spatially ordered structural assembly within the cell can show sufficient fidelity to allow long-term vegetative perpetuation of phenotypic differences without artificial selection.
Evaluation of light attraction for the stored-product psocid, Liposcelis bostrychophila

The psocid, Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae), is the most widespread psocid pest of stored products. Because L. bostrychophila has developed resistance to several chemical insecticides, it is important to investigate other integrated pest management (IPM) approaches, and a critical part of IPM programs is an effective monitoring program, Monitoring tools for psocids are limited, and few studies have been conducted on monitoring of psocids, with none on the attraction of lights for psocids. Therefore, we studied the response of L. bostrychophila adults to eight wavelengths of light-emitting diodes (LED) in paired-choice pitfall test. Among the LEDs evaluated, the strongest response by L. bostrychophila adults was to 351 nm UV. When LEDs were tested against brewer’s yeast (the most preferred attractant for L. bostrychophila among more than 20 potential attractants found in previous studies), the 351 nm UV wavelength was the only light that attracted more psocids than brewer’s yeast. These results suggest that the use of LEDs might be useful in psocid-monitoring programs for L. bostrychophila and other psocid species.
Impact of a Statewide Medicaid Managed Care System on Healthcare Utilization and Outcomes for People Living with HIV

ABSTRACT Background Medicaid managed care (MMC) systems provide insurance for many persons living with HIV and AIDS (PLWH). This study sought to assess the impact of a statewide MMC system (TennCare) on healthcare utilization and outcomes for PLWH. Methods A retrospective longitudinal analysis of trends in population characteristics was performed. The study population included all Tennessee PLWH identified by State Health Department, enrolled for 1 year or longer in Medicaid (1992-1993) or TennCare (1994-1997). Main outcome measures included health care utilization, incidence of opportunistic infections, and mortality. Results From 1992 to 1997, the following decreased: average number of hospitalizations for HIV (0.72 to 0.37) and AIDS (1.27 to 0.52); emergency visits for HIV (1.70 to 1.12) and AIDS (1.65 to 1.02); outpatient visits for HIV (5.94 to 5.00) and AIDS (8.37 to 7.35), percentage of persons diagnosed with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for AIDS (10% to 6%) and percentage of persons diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia for HIV (14% to 9%) and AIDS (27% to 12%), annual incidence of AIDS in the HIV population (33% to 10%), and annual mortality for HIV (3% to 1%) and AIDS (16% to 3%). The average number of antiretroviral medication prescriptions filled increased for HIV (1.27 to 2.45) and AIDS (1.31 to 3.34). Conclusions This study documents improvements in utilization patterns, morbidity, and mortality in a statewide MMC system. These findings suggest that MMC patients are benefiting from recent advances in therapy.
Management of the Greenbug on Grain Sorghum. 1. Testing Foliar Treatments of Insecticides Against Greenbugs and Corn Leaf Aphids

Experiments were conducted from 1968 through 1970 to obtain information having specific application to the management of Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) on grain sorghum in the High Plains of Texas. Foliar treatments of insecticides were tested against the greenbug and the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), with the following results: (1) many experimental and registered insecticides were effective against the greenbug, and several were effective against the corn leaf aphid; (2) the effective registered insecticides, considering both insecticidal and nonphytotoxic properties, were water-emulsion sprays of demeton, disulfoton, parathion, carbophenothion, diazinon, and malathion, and plant whorl treatments of granular disulfoton; (3) these compounds were tested at standard, commercially marketable application rates as well as at rates containing 2-10 times less toxicant. The reduced rates of most insecticides were equally as effective against greenbug as the standard rates. However, they were not highly effective against the corn leaf aphid; (4) the experiments did not demonstrate that the production of grain sorghum could be increased significantly by controlling the relatively light infestations of greenbugs encountered; and (5) there was no evidence to show that corn leaf aphids caused significant damage to grain sorghum in the experimental plots.
Geology of the Taylorville Region of California

Part I—The Geologic Column. Introduction. Reconnoissance of the California Survey . — The Taylorville region of Plumas county, California, lies in the Sierra Nevada immediately north of the fortieth parallel. Reconnoitering parties of the California geological survey passed through the region in 1861 and 1863* and observed slates and sandstones, sometimes hut little metamorphosed, also hard lava and granitic masses, and reported that “This part of the country is principally occupied by the metamorphic rocks over an area of about thirty miles in diameter.” It is “Almost entirely surrounded by volcanic materials, the great lava streams which have come down from Lassen peak on the north and Pilot peak on the south uniting with the volcanic crest of the Sierra so as to cover the slates around three-quarters of the circumference of the circle.” The state survey party in 1863 consisted of Messrs Brewer and King, who made two very important . . .
Medium-term frequency stability of hydrogen masers as measured by a cesium fountain

Hydrogen masers are used extensively in time scale ensembles, but the frequency drift must be accurately known. NIST-F1, the cesium fountain primary frequency standard at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, now operates nearly every month and has provided an unprecedented opportunity to characterize the medium-term frequency stability (τ = 30 to 90 days) of six hydrogen masers. An unexpected observation was a moderate level of correlation in the frequency fluctuations of all the masers.
Fundamentals of Epithelial Cl− Transport

While epithelial solute transport predates recorded history, our understanding of epithelial function has risen from the most basic level only recently. This chapter provides a historical perspective of epithelial electrophysiology and an initial foundation for much of the information contained in this volume. Epithelial cell models are presented in their contemporary contexts to demonstrate the philosophical breakthroughs that they heralded along with the novel techniques that made them possible. The text touches on the roles that unique physiological systems such as eel gill, frog skin, rabbit intestine, and cultured cell lines have contributed to our understanding. Two examples of diseases associated with abnormal Cl− transport, cholera diarrhea and cystic fibrosis, are discussed, and underlying mechanisms that contribute to the pathology are identified. A hypothetical cell model with the minimal complement of transport proteins that are required for Cl− secretion (Na+/K+-ATPase, Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter, K+ channel, Cl− channel) along with their required localization to the mucosal (apical) or serosal (basolateral) membrane is presented. Selected examples of these transport mechanisms are presented and discussed in the light of their discoveries, biophysical characteristics, pharmacology, genetic identities, and their molecular partners. A recently published comprehensive cell model is presented as the climax of the chapter that sets the stage for distinct components that are presented in greater detail throughout this volume.
Study to Immunity Disbalance of Th1/Th2 in Asthmatic Children

Objective To investigate the change of immunity balance of Th1/Th2 and mechanism in asthmatic children.Methods 30 cases of asthmatic children in acute bout stage were selected as bout groups,30 cases of asthmatic children in paracmasia were selected as paracmasia groups and 30 healthy children were selected as control groups,Th1 and Th2 cell were detected with flow cytometry,level of IL-4,IL-10 and IFN-γ in serum were detecting with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,Th1/Th2 and level of IL-4,IL-10 and IFN-γ in every groups were contrasted.Results Th1/Th2 was higher in bout group than in paracmasia groups and control groups,level of IL-4,IL-10 was higher in bout group than in paracmasia groups and control groups,level of IFN-γ were lower in bout group than in paracmasia groups and control groups,Th1/Th2 was higher in paracmasia groups than in control group,level of IL-4,IL-10 was higher in paracmasia groups than in control group,level of IFN-γwere lower in paracmasia groups than in control group.Conclusion immunity disbalance of Th1/Th2 is existing in asthmatic children,which may be the reasons of asthmatic children.
Heart Transplantation Complicated by a Patent Foramen Ovale of the Recipient Atrial Septum

A patent foramen ovale after heart transplantation is a relatively uncommon occurrence. We report a case of a 58-year-old man with profound hypoxemia after orthotopic cardiac transplantation for end-stage ischemic cardiomyopathy. Transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated the presence of a patent foramen ovale in the recipient atrial cuff. Primary closure was performed with correction of the right-to-left shunt.
A Case of “Loving Hate”

ABSTRACT The case, “Loving Hate,” clarifies the complicated dynamics of the eroticization of hate. These dynamics were forged for the adult sexual abuse survivor in the early abusive relationship where love was always accompanied by hate. In the therapeutic relationship, these dynamics are reenacted and experienced in the countertransference where the therapist feels the patient's unconscious pressure to turn this relationship into a kind of “hating mating.” This case vignette is used to illustrate how the therapist's countertransference impasse impeded treatment. Explanation and analysis are offered in this case to suggest how by using the paradigm of Abuser, Victim, Bystander to understand countertransference reactions, the therapist might have offered more empathic responses to this patient and possibly circumvented the treatment impasse that ensued.
The rise of financial capitalism: The Banque Royale and the South Sea Company: how the bubbles began

We are now to enter upon the year 1720; a year remarkable beyond any other which can be pitched upon by historians for extraordinary and romantic projects, proposals, and undertakings, both private and national; … and which, … ought to be had in perpetual remembrance, not only as being what never had its parallel, nor, it is to be hoped, ever will hereafter; but, likewise, as it may serve for a perpetual memento to the legislators and ministers … never to leave it in the power of any, hereafter, to hoodwink mankind into so shameful and baneful an imposition on the credulity of the people, thereby diverted from their lawful industry. Adam Anderson, Origin of Commerce , Vol. 3, pp. 91–2. The Mississippi Bubble in France, the South Sea Bubble in England, and similar bubbles in Holland and Germany during the years 1719 and 1720 were parts of the first international stock market speculative boom and bust in capitalist Europe. The legacy of those episodes was substantial. The Bubble Act of 1720 in England limited the use of joint-stock corporations until well into the nineteenth century, and the French collective memory of John Law and his Banque Royale meant that “there was hesitation even in pronouncing the word ‘bank’ for 150 years thereafter,” and, of course, they gave us the word “bubble” for describing purely speculative movements in asset prices. It is useful to present and analyze as clearly as possible these classic bubbles, useful not only for better understanding the economic history of the eighteenth century but also for grasping its significance for economic theory.
Silicon carbide DC-DC multilevel Cuk converter

In this paper, DC-DC multilevel cuk converter using silicon carbide (SiC) Components is presented. Cuk converter gives output voltage with negative polarity. This topology is useful for applications require high gain with limitation on duty cycle. The gain of the design can be enhanced by increasing the number of multiplier level (N). This relation between the gain and the number of levels is the major advantage of this multilevel cuk converter. In the proposed cuk converter, a single SiC MOSFET, 2N-1 SiC schottky diodes, 2N capacitors, 2 inductors, and single input voltage are used to supply a load with negative polarity. 300V input voltage, 50KHz switching frequency, and 75% duty cycle are the main parameters used in the design. The output parameters are 3KW power and -5.7 KV voltage. Because this design can be used in applications which temperature plays a critical role, the relation between increasing temperature and output voltage and power are tested. The design is simulated using LTspice software and the results are discussed.
Nonnegative matrix factorization and probabilistic latent semantic indexing: equivalence, chi-square statistic, and a hybrid method

Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) and Probabilistic Latent Semantic Indexing (PLSI) have been successfully applied to document clustering recently. In this paper, we show that PLSI and NMF optimize the same objective function, although PLSI and NMF are different algorithms as verified by experiments. This provides a theoretical basis for a new hybrid method that runs PLSI and NMF alternatively, each jumping out of local minima of the other method successively, thus achieving better final solution. Extensive experiments on 5 real-life datasets show relations between NMF and PLSI, and indicate the hybrid method lead to significant improvements over NMF-only or PLSI-only methods. We also show that at first order approximation, NMF is identical to χ2-statistic.
Developing Guidelines and Competencies for the Training of Psychedelic Therapists

Research since the 1950s has shown that psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy has had significant positive effects in reductions of specific clinical symptoms and increases in quality of life as measured on a variety of indices. The intensity of focus on evidence-based outcomes, however, has resulted in a paucity of active discussions and research on the core competencies of the therapists themselves. The context of the history of psychedelic research reveals how this neglect of therapist variables occurred. With current discussions of Phase 3 and expanded access research programs for psilocybin-assisted and MDMA-assisted psychotherapies, there will be a great need for competent therapists trained in this clinical specialty. This is particularly the case if less restricted, legal medical use is approved within the next 6 to 10 years. This article is the first review and compilation of psychedelic therapist competencies derived from the psychedelic literature. These six therapist competencies are empathetic a...
Feasibility study of direct beta particle detection using gas electron multiplier

Portable nuclear imaging devices have been pursed for intraoperative localization and visualization of tumors for a complete removal of malignant tissues. In the proximity of the tumor site, beta imaging is advantageous over gamma imaging due to far less long-range contamination and no need of heavy metal collimation for a compact size. The traditional beta particle detection usually uses a thin scintillation layer coupled with photomultiplier tubes or solid-state detectors, which may lose efficiency due to the multiple conversion steps. In this work, we study the feasibility of direct beta particle detection using gas electron multiplier (GEM) detectors, which are highly sensitive to charged particles. The Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation package is used to simulate Copper-64 (Cu-64) beta particle transportation in different materials. Our simulation results demonstrate that GEM is feasible for direct detection of beta particles and the sensitivity of GEM to beta particles is much higher than gamma photons for certain GEM structures.
Comparison of Interfacial Electron Transfer Efficiency in [Fe(ctpy)2]2+–TiO2 and [Fe(cCNC)2]2+–TiO2 Assemblies: Importance of Conformational Sampling

Fe(II)–polypyridines have limited applications as chromophores in dye-sensitized solar cells due to the short lifetimes (∼100 fs) of their photoactive metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) states formed upon photoexcitation. Recently, a 100-fold increase in the MLCT lifetime was observed in a [Fe(CNC)2]2+ complex (CNC = 2,6-bis(3-methylimidazole-1-ylidine)pyridine) which has strong σ-donating N-heterocyclic carbene ligand in comparison to the weaker field parent [Fe(tpy)2]2+ complex (tpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine). This study utilizes density functional theory (DFT), time-dependent DFT, and quantum dynamics simulations to investigate the interfacial electron transfer (IET) in [Fe(cCNC)2]2+ (cCNC = 4′-carboxy-2,6-bis(3-methylimidazole-1-ylidine)pyridine) and [Fe(ctpy)2]2+ (ctpy = 4′-carboxy-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine) sensitized TiO2. Our results suggest that the replacement of tpy by CNC ligand does not significantly speed up the IET kinetics in the [Fe(cCNC)2]2+–TiO2 assembly in comparison to the [Fe(ctpy)2]...
Following sugar patterns in search of galectin function

Through evolution, glycans have been selected as a class of biomolecules tasked with facilitating information exchange at the cellular boundary (1). Presented as attachments on membrane proteins or linked directly to lipids embedded in the plasma membrane of cells, glycans serve as recognition elements for glycan binding proteins, such as lectins or antibodies, and mediate essential biological processes, ranging from cell–cell adhesion and migration to more complex events associated with organismal development and function. Not surprisingly, glycans also contribute to disease development and progression and have been linked to a large number of pathophysiological processes, including infectious diseases, cancer, or autoimmune disorders (2). However, glycans and their cognate lectin counter-receptors are still rarely considered as suitable drug targets (3). In PNAS, Xiao et al. (4) employ cell-surface mimetic models to dissect how glycan receptor organization in cellular membranes influences functional association with galectins, a family of human lectins (5). Among their many functions, galectins have been identified to serve as important extracellular modulators of immune responses and have been positively correlated with increased aggressiveness of tumors (6). As such, galectins are certainly enticing targets for medical intervention (7); however, the broad functional polymorphism observed for the galectin family members necessitates that principles governing their interactions with glycan receptors be established first to guide the design of selective galectin-targeting therapeutics. The structures of glycans define their molecular interactions with lectins and all members of the galectin family generally recognize glycans containing β-galactose residues (8), with modifications such as sialylation (9) or sulfation (10) providing addition affinity. As is typical for most lectins, galectins show weak (high micromolar to low millimolar) affinity for simple soluble β-galactosides, such as lactose. The much higher-affinity interactions (submicromolar) observed for galectins in biological settings are the result of their ability to engage ensembles of glycans … [↵][1]1Email: kgodula{at}ucsd.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
A Comparative Study of Evoked Unit and Population Retinal Potentials During the Application of Diffuse Electrical Currents

Earlier studies have demonstrated that population evoked potentials in the visual1, auditory2, and somatosensory3 systems have been suppressed by the transcranial application of diffuse electrical currents. The greatest reduction in evoked potentials occurred in areas of high synaptic density such as in cortex and retina4. Electronmicroscopy studies5 have shown that the statistical distribution of the number of vesicles per synaptic ending is markedly altered by the electric currents. However, it is still uncertain how the reduction in evoked potentials comes about.
ESCA in Polymer Spectroscopy

Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (or Applications) — ESCA — is based on the following principle1, 2): monochromatic short-wavelength radiation is used in order to detach electrons from the sample, the kinetic energy of the electrons being measured by means of an electron analyser. The difference in energy between the exciting photons of frequency v and the electrons detached (E kin) is equal to the binding energy of the electron.
Transoral surgery alone for human-papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the oncologic and functional results of treating oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with transoral robotic surgery and neck dissection as mono...
AN APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF DEVELOPMENTALLY REGULATED GENES

Abstract: A method has been developed for the in vitro synthesis of nearly complete double stranded DNA copies of polyA containing eukaryotic mRNAs. Amplification of in vitro synthesized DNA using molecular cloning techniques has provided large amounts of homogeneously pure eukaryotic gene sequences which can be studied directly or employed as hybridization probes for the identification and isolation of DNA sequences contiguous to structural genes in chromosomal DNA. The fidelity of in vitro synthesis and the stability of synthetic DNA in bacteria is demonstrated by the fact that the entire nucleotide sequence of a cloned DNA copy of rabbit β-globin mRNA is in complete agreement with available β-globin protein and mRNA sequence data. We are using the method of cDNA cloning to study the structure and chromosomal organization of a highly complex set of developmentally-regulated genes in the Silk Moth Antharaea polyphemus .
Differences in Mental Rotation Strategies for Native Speakers of Chinese and English and How They Vary as a Function of Sex and College Major.

In this study we examine how native language, sex, and college major interact to influence accuracy and preferred strategy when performing mental rotation (MR). Native monolingual Chinese and English speakers rotated 3-D shapes while maintaining a concurrent verbal or spatial memory load. For English speakers, male physical science majors were more accurate than social science majors and employed a spatial/holistic strategy; male social science majors used a verbal/analytic strategy. Regardless of college major, English-speaking females were not consistent in MR strategy. A small overall advantage in accuracy was found for Chinese speakers, and both male and female Chinese-speaking physical science majors relied on a combined spatial/holistic and verbal/analytic strategy; Chinese-speaking social science majors did not show a strategy preference. Our results suggest that acquiring a logographic language like Chinese may heighten spatial ability and bias one toward a spatial/holistic MR strategy.
Getting consistent results from comparative analysis of RNA_Seq data from single patients.

e24194Background: The Treehouse Childhood Cancer Initiative uses RNA-Seq to measure gene expression in tumors from kids with relapses to identify potentially druggable, activated pathways. RNA-Seq ...
The Acceleration of Global Warming as Crime Against Humanity: A Moral Case for Fossil Fuel Divestment

This chapter constructs the argument that corporate and political policies known to accelerate anthropogenic global warming, and subsequent climate change, constitute crimes against humanity—predicated on failures to avoid reasonably foreseeable threats to sustained human existence. Given the moral gravity of crimes against humanity it follows that financial divestment is ethically obligatory for institutions wishing to avoid moral association. The moral case for fossil fuel divestment, in the wake of such crimes, derives from (a) the ethical implications of negative responsibility, or what constitutes culpability by omission; (b) institutional collaboration based upon immediate financial interests tied to climate inaction; and (c) institutional complicity derived from financial support of corporate behaviors that hasten global warming. Possible objections are examined and refuted.
Computational and cyclic voltammetry studies of high effective-molarity assisted reversible reductions of [4]- and [5]heli-viologens: Potential building blocks for new materials

Abstract Computational and cyclic voltammetry studies have been used to explore electrochemical reductions of three helically chiral homologues, 22+, 32+, and 42+, of methyl viologen. Thermochemical-electrochemical cycles are used as frameworks to describe the reversible redox properties of these helically chiral viologens as novel reversible four-sided ECEC (Electron-transfer Chemical-reaction Electron-transfer Chemical-reaction) processes.
Flu vaccination rate of patients with severe immune-related adverse events.

e18234Background: Infection with influenza in adults with cancer carries an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Vaccination against seasonal influenza (Flu-V) can decrease the incidence of i...
Toilet power: potable water reuse and the situated meaning of sustainability in the southwestern United States

Proposals to recycle urban wastewater for potable purposes are at the forefront of water development. In this article I combine political ecology's attention to networked relations with Q methodology to identify the shared positions of select stakeholders in the southwestern United States, an urbanizing region increasingly reliant on potable water reuse. I employ critical Q methodology to provide a contextual understanding of how water and sanitation technology shapes subjects and environments. The analyses reveal two distinct sanitary subjectivities, which I label neosanitarian and ecosanitarian, whose views most sharply diverge regarding the appropriateness of direct potable reuse and composting toilets. The findings highlight the situated meaning of sustainability and also underscore the role that wastewater and water reuse play in shaping ecologies, which in turn, helps to identify the environments of elimination that make specific innovations in the water sector possible. In conclusion, I suggest that in the broader context of potable water reuse, the toilet is in a perniciously powerful position to make city-spaces and shape the future citizenry.
Echo-State Networks for Network Traffic Prediction

The ability to forecast future levels of network traffic is very important to network management and planning in enterprise, cloud, data center and WAN networks. A good prediction of future traffic levels makes it possible for network operators to plan ahead on how to achieve service delivery targets in the areas of resource allocation, congestion control, capacity planning, anomaly detection and quality of service. As a result, there has been significant research interest in finding good methods that can be used for traffic prediction.Various neural network based methods have been explored in research for prediction of network traffic. However, many of these approaches often require long processing times to create a model from the network data and predict traffic. In this paper, we present the results of our ongoing study on the use of echo state networks (ESN) for the prediction of network traffic. ESNs are a type of reservoir learning algorithm that have an internal state that is made up of a ’reservoir-like’ pool of randomly connected neurons. In our experiments, we compare results obtained by using ESNs with the results obtained by using other techniques for network prediction on two datasets obtained from a well known public network trace repository. We show that ESNs achieve significantly faster training and prediction times for similar levels of accuracy when compared to the other methods.
Impaired folate binding of serine hydroxymethyltransferase 8 from soybean underlies resistance to the soybean cyst nematode.

Management of the agricultural pathogen soybean cyst nematode (SCN) relies on the use of SCN-resistant soybean cultivars, a strategy that has been failing in recent years. An underutilized source of resistance in the soybean genotype Peking is linked to two polymorphisms in serine hydroxy-methyltransferase 8 (SHMT8). SHMT is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme that converts l-serine and (6S)-tetrahydrofolate to glycine and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. Here, we determined five crystal structures of the 1884-residue SHMT8 tetramers from the SCN-susceptible cultivar (cv.) Essex and the SCN-resistant cv. Forrest (whose resistance is derived from the SHMT8 polymorphisms in Peking); the crystal structures were determined in complex with various ligands at 1.4-2.35 A resolutions. We find that the two Forrest-specific polymorphic substitutions (P130R and N358Y) impact the mobility of a loop near the entrance of the (6S)-tetrahydrofolate-binding site. Ligand-binding and kinetic studies indicate severely reduced affinity for folate and dramatically impaired enzyme activity in Forrest SHMT8. These findings imply widespread effects on folate metabolism in soybean cv. Forrest that have implications for combating the widespread increase in virulent SCN.
Added lower limb mass does not affect biomechanical asymmetry but increases metabolic power in runners with a unilateral transtibial amputation

we determined the metabolic and biomechanical effects of adding mass to the running-specific prosthesis (RSP) and biological foot of individuals with a unilateral transtibial amputation (TTA) during running. 10 individuals (8 males, 2 females) with a TTA ran on a force-measuring treadmill at 2.5 m/s with 100 g and 300 g added to their RSP alone or to their RSP and biological foot while we measured their metabolic rates and calculated peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), stance-average vGRF, and step time symmetry indices. for every 100 g added to the RSP alone, metabolic power increased by 0.86% (p = 0.007) and for every 100 g added to the RSP and biological foot, metabolic power increased by 1.74% ($$p<$$ 0.001) during running. Adding mass had no effect on peak vGRF (p = 0.102), stance-average vGRF (p = 0.675), or step time (p = 0.413) symmetry indices. We also found that the swing time of the affected leg was shorter than the unaffected leg across conditions ($$p<$$ 0.007). adding mass to the lower limbs of runners with a TTA increased metabolic power by more than what has been reported for those without an amputation. We found no effect of added mass on biomechanical asymmetry, but the affected leg had consistently shorter swing times than the unaffected leg. This suggests that individuals with a TTA maintain asymmetries despite changes in RSP mass and that lightweight prostheses could improve performance by minimizing metabolic power without affecting asymmetry.
Original contributionClinical impact of on-site cytopathology interpretation on endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration

Objectives Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-guided FNA) is becoming a preferred modality for diagnosing and staging GI and mediastinal malignancies. Although experts advocate on-site cytopathology assessment for tissue sample adequacy, there are few data to support this claim. Our goal was to determine whether on-site cytopathology interpretation improves the diagnostic yield of EUS-guided FNA.
Latino mass mobilization: immigration, racialization, and activism: Chris Zepeda-Millán, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2017, xii + 295 pp., index, $105.00 (hardback), ISBN: 9781107076945, $29.99 (paperback), ISBN: 9781107434127

In the face of a draconian immigration bill that would have dramatically increased the criminalization of immigrants, millions of Latinos in the United States took to the streets to fight for their...
Narcan cops: Officer perceptions of opioid use and willingness to carry naloxone

Abstract Background Opioid use has emerged as a significant public health crisis in cities across the United States. In Arizona, opioid overdose deaths increased by 65% from 2016 to 2018, leading the Governor of Arizona to declare a State of Emergency. Because police are often the first to arrive at the scene of an overdose, officers are central to an effective response to the opioid crisis in Arizona and elsewhere. However, many police officers do not carry naloxone, which can immediately reverse the life-threatening effects of an opioid overdose. Few studies examine officer perceptions of opioid use or their willingness to carry and administer naloxone. The degree to which officers accept this public health responsibility remains unclear. Methods The authors administered two waves of a survey to patrol officers in the Tempe (AZ) Police Department. The officers completed wave 1 approximately three months before the start of a program that trained and outfitted patrol officers with naloxone. Officers completed wave 2 of the survey several months after the program started. Relying on the Opioid Overdose Knowledge (OOKS), Competence, Concerns, and Attitudes (OOAS) of People who Overdose, and Naloxone-Related Risk Compensation Beliefs (NaRRC-B) scales, the survey captures officer attitudes regarding opioid use, willingness to carry and administer naloxone, and perceptions of their role in responding to the opioid crisis. Results At wave 1, officers conveyed moderate levels of confidence in recognizing an overdose and providing life-saving care. Officers indicated strong support for carrying naloxone and responding to opioid overdoses, and they recognized the value of treatment for users. At wave 2, officers reported significantly greater confidence and competence in responding to overdoses, and their support for carrying naloxone also increased. Both before and after program start, there was little variation in attitudes across gender, race/ethnicity, education, and length of service. Conclusion Officers accept this public health responsibility as part of their mission. Given that officers are frequently first on scene at overdoses and a matter of seconds can determine life or death, police-led naloxone programs will save lives in Tempe and elsewhere.
Perceptions of clinical support for employed breast cancer survivors managing work and health challenges

A substantial portion of breast cancer survivors are active in the workforce, yet factors that allow survivors to balance work with cancer management and to return to work are poorly understood. We examined breast cancer survivors’ most valued/desired types of support in early survivorship. Seventy-six employed breast cancer survivors answered an open-ended survey question assessing the most valued/desired support to receive from healthcare providers during early survivorship to manage work and health. Cutrona’s (Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 9:3–14, 1990) optimal matching theory and House’s (1981) conceptualization of social support types informed our analyses. Data were content-analyzed to identify themes related to support, whether needed support was received or not, and the types of healthcare providers who provided support. We identified six themes related to types of support. Informational support was valued and mostly received by survivors, but they expected more guidance related to work. Emotional support was valued but lacking, attributed mainly to providers’ lack of personal connection and mental health support. Instrumental (practical) support was valued but received by a small number of participants. Quality of life support to promote well-being and functionality was valued and often received. Other themes included non-specific support and non-support. This study expands our understanding of how breast cancer survivors perceive work-related support from healthcare professionals. Findings will inform targeted interventions designed to improve the support provided by healthcare professionals. Breast cancer survivors managing work and health challenges may benefit by having their unmet support needs fulfilled.
The Differential Effects of Bank Lending Channel in China

This paper examines the bank lending channels with a unique dataset of four state commercial banks in China at the provincial level over the period 1994-2004, and reports two new findings. First, the effectiveness of bank lending channel varies across provinces and banks. Banks shield their lending in provinces with high GDP growth and high inflation rate in response to a tightening in monetary policy. Liquid and poorly-capitalized banks protect their lending in provinces with larger state sector. Second, the heterogeneity in effectiveness of bank lending channel does not only relate to size, liquidity and capitalization of banks, but also the risk of their loan portfolios.
More than fun in the sun: The pedagogy of field trips improves student learning in higher education

Field experiences are a fundamental and well-loved tool for teaching in the natural sciences. However, a number of concerns threaten continued incorporation of field experiences into courses, inclu...