cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanism by Which Metal Additions Improve the Thermal Shock Resistance of Zirconia

Improved thermal shock resistance of zirconia upon addition of 15 mole percent titanium attributed to metal in grain boundary
Cancer Screening Practices Among Amish and Non‐Amish Adults Living in Ohio Appalachia

Purpose: The Amish, a unique community living in Ohio Appalachia, have lower cancer incidence rates than non-Amish living in Ohio Appalachia. The purpose of this study was to examine cancer screening rates among Amish compared to non-Amish adults living in Ohio Appalachia and a national sample of adults of the same race and ethnicity in an effort to explain cancer patterns. Methods: Face-to-face interviews focusing on perception of risk, cancer screening behaviors, and screening barriers were conducted among Amish (n = 134) and non-Amish (n = 154) adults living in Ohio Appalachia. Cancer screening rates were calculated and then compared to a national sample of adults. Findings: More Ohio Appalachia non-Amish males (35.9% vs 14.5%; P= .022) and females (33.3% vs 12.5%; P= .008) reported that they would probably develop cancer in the future compared to Amish males and females. Amish adults had significantly lower prostate (13.5% vs 63.1% vs 44.6%; P < .001), colorectal (males: 10.3% vs 40.0% vs 37.2%, females: 8.6% vs 31.6% vs 42.9%; P < .001), cervical (48.0% vs 84.0% vs 80.0%; P < .001), and female breast (24.8% vs 53.7% vs 56.9%; P < .05) cancer screening rates compared to Ohio Appalachia non-Amish participants and a national sample of adults, respectively. Barriers to cancer screening were similar among the 2 Ohio groups; however, Amish males reported that prostate cancer screening was not necessary more often than did Ohio Appalachia non-Amish males (78.6% vs 16.7%; P= .003). Conclusions: Lower rates of cancer screening were documented among the Amish and may be a contributing factor to the reduced cancer incidence rates reported among this population.
Sparse Multipath Channels: Modeling and Estimation

Multipath signal propagation is the defining characteristic of terrestrial wireless channels. Virtually all existing statistical models for wireless channels are implicitly based on the assumption of rich multipath, which can be traced back to the seminal works of Bello and Kennedy on the wide-sense stationary uncorrelated scattering model, and more recently to the i.i.d. model tor multi-antenna channels proposed by Telatar, and Foschini Gans. However, physical arguments and growing experimental evidence suggest that physical channels encountered in practice exhibit a sparse multipath structure that gets more pronounced as the signal space dimelsion gets large (e.g., due to large bandwidth or large number of antennas). In this paper, we formalize the notion of multipath sparsity and discuss applications of the emerging theory of compressed sensing for efficient estimation of sparse multipath channels.
Release processing effects on laser repair of stiction-failed microcantilevers

Undesirable adhesion in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is referred to as stiction and is a principal failure mechanism in surface-micromachined MEMS devices. Previous investigations demonstrated repairing stiction-failed polycrystalline silicon MEMS structures released from isopropyl alcohol (IPA) using Nd:YAG laser irradiation and predicting the laser repair process using a thermomechanical model. The current paper reports the effectiveness of the laser repair process and corresponding thermomechanical model predictions for microcantilevers that have failed during four release treatments: water, IPA, octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS), and supercritical CO/sub 2/ drying. Model predictions and experimental measurements of the laser repair process are also provided for MEMS devices that failed due to contact during electrostatic actuation. The results indicate that the laser repair process is very effective for both failure modes and that the thermomechanical model predicts the laser repair of microcantilevers that failed during release much better than for microcantilevers that failed due to subsequent contact.
FCP and Mediation Styles: Factors Associated With Parents' Intentions to Let Their Children Watch Violent, Sexual and Family-Oriented Television Content

An online survey of 457 parents identifies factors associated with parents' intentions to allow their children to watch 18 common television scenes. Results of an exploratory factor analysis indicated that, with some exceptions, parents identified the scenes as 3 distinct factors representing violence, nudity and sexuality-related, and family-oriented content. Further, results from hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that mediation style explained a greater portion of the variance in parents' likelihood to let their children watch this content than either family communication patterns (FCP) or relevant demographic characteristics.
Streptokinase-Induced Subcapsular Hematoma of the Liver

• Complications with thrombolytic therapy have be shown to occur no more frequently than with conventio[ill] anticoagulant therapy. Hemorrhagic complications and al[ill] gic skin reactions are the most frequently encountered [ill] verse effects. The vast majority of the associated bleed[ill] complications have been related to invasive procedure [ill] monitoring techniques. The administration of systemic st[ill] tokinase was complicated In one case by development progressive abdominal pain and hypotension necessitating emergency exploratory laparotomy. A ruptured subcaps[ill] hematoma of the left lobe of the liver was found and succe[ill] fully repaired. This case of visceral hemorrhage complica[ill] streptokinase therapy was not related to previous abdomi[ill] trauma or invasive procedure. ( Arch Intern Med 1984;144:2084-2085)
Earlier Joint Trajectories of Cigarette Smoking and Low Perceived Self-control as Predictors of Later Poor Health for Women in their Mid-60s

INTRODUCTION The current study was designed to assess the prospective relationship between the earlier joint trajectories of cigarette smoking and low perceived self-control (X age = 40-48) and later health problems (X age = 65.2) within a community sample of understudied females. METHODS The participants were given self-administered questionnaires. RESULTS The results of the growth mixture model suggested 5 joint trajectories of cigarette smoking and perceived self-control, which consisted of 1 at-risk group (chronic smoking and low perceived self-control), 1 low-risk group (infrequent or nonsmoking and high perceived self-control), and 3 intermediate groups (i.e., high on one factor and low on the other). The results from logistic regression analyses supported a model by which (a) women in the at-risk group, in comparison with the low-risk group, were more likely to report 5 or more diseases (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.81; p < .001) and poor or very poor general health (AOR = 5.98; p < .001); (b) women in the at-risk group as compared with women in the intermediate groups were also more likely to report 5 or more diseases (AOR = 2.36; p < .05) and poor or very poor general health (AOR = 2.86; p < .01); and (c) women in the intermediate group were more likely to report 5 or more diseases (AOR = 2.04; p < .05) and poor or very poor general health (AOR = 2.09; p < .05) than women in the low-risk group. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the significance of targeting dispositional factors (e.g., perceived self-control) in conjunction with smoking in designing programs for promoting the health of women in midlife.
Pedagogical explorations in computational perception for performance

Experience using computational perception within the context of art and performance is reported. Four different types of pedagogical projects are presented: a new non-majors introductory computing course, an upperlevel course covering computer vision and graphics in an integrated manner, an interactive dance piece, and a peer-led tele-workshop outreach series.
One Man's Light: Mechanistic Convergence of Photobiomodulation and Biological Effects

As a science watcher and scientist, hardly a day goes by without encountering some interesting tidbit that forms the nucleus for further investigation on my part. It is also quite common to encounter the volleys and serves, as practices and so-called ‘‘evidence-based guidelines’’ are supported or refuted in the scientific and lay press for being appropriate, or not, depending upon the latest analysis or interpretation of a series of events or new experimental results. Consider for a moment the recent flurry of articles on the value of mammography, the utility of robotic or computer-assisted surgery, or whether statins and vitamin supplementation should be more widely used. We generally refine our applications and use of the modality based on the current knowledge base, which itself is not static, but is a moving target as we learn, and not infrequently re-learn, something about an intervention or therapy. Some of these applications and nuggets of knowledge can be seemingly quite tangential or far afield and no less complex than attempting to unravel the details of the big bang from which it is believed the universe and our very existence arose. Modern medicine is based on allopathic principles, which Webster’s Dictionary defines as ‘‘a system of medical practice that aims to combat disease by use of remedies (as drugs or surgery) producing effects different from or incompatible with those produced by the disease being treated; a system of medical practice making use of all measures that have proved of value in treatment of disease.’’ 1 We administer drugs at therapeutic doses to treat various conditions and, although we are becoming increasingly adept at creating designer drugs and achieving better targeting of the specific disease or process we intend to treat, we are inevitably also accepting a series of side effects and adverse effects of treatment. These events occur in large part because of the effects of these drugs and their metabolites at sites and receptors distant from the originally intended target.
A male infant who has a white hair tuft and hypopigmented macules.

1. Joshua Wong, MD* 1. *Advocate, Hope Children's Hospital, Oak Lawn, IL. * Abbreviations: MITF: : microphthalmia-associated transcription factor gene PAX3: : paired box 3 gene A male infant is born at 39 weeks’ gestation to a 25-year-old G1P1 African American woman. The pregnancy was uncomplicated and the mother received appropriate prenatal care. Results for maternal group B Streptococcus colonization and standard viral serology testing were negative. Delivery is via cesarean delivery because of breech presentation at onset of labor. At delivery, initial examination reveals a prominent tuft of white hair at the forehead hairline (Fig 1), as well as large hypopigmented macules with well-defined borders covering significant areas on the torso and the mid upper and lower extremities (Fig 2). The remainder of the physical examination is normal. Apgar scores are 9 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively, and vital signs are normal for age. Weight, length, and head circumference are between the 25th and 50th percentiles. On the second day of life, the baby fails his click auditory brainstem response hearing screen in the left ear, suggesting a preliminary diagnosis. Figure 1. Newborn boy with prominent tuft of white hair. Figure 2. Prominent depigmented macules on torso and limbs. Based on the presence of a white forelock, patches of depigmented skin, and sensorineural hearing loss, the infant was diagnosed as having Waardenburg syndrome. Waardenburg syndrome is a rare condition characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing loss, dystopia canthorum (lateral displacement of the inner canthi), and pigmentation abnormalities of the hair, …
Field Experiments for Control of the Boll Weevil, Bollworm spp., and the Cotton Aphid on Cotton in 1960-62

In field experiments at Florence, S. C., Geigy G-30494-DDT, Methyl Trithion-DDT, Monsanto CP-40294-DDT, Stauffer R-1504-DDT, and toxaphene-DDT gave control of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, equal to Guthion-DDT. In one experiment toxaphene-DDT gave better control of bollworms, Heliothis spp., than Monsanto CP-40294-DDT, Guthion-DDT, or Zectran . In other experiments good bollworm control was obtained with Guthion-DDT, carbaryl, benzene hexachloride- DDT, and Stauffer R-1504-DDT. Union Carbide UC-8305 and UC-10854 gave poor control. Zectran was as effective as Guthion-DDT in preventing population buildup of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover. Phytotoxicity was observed with UC-8305, UC-10854, and Geigy G-30494. The chemical definitions of the insecticides with proprietary names mentioned above are: Geigy G-30494, S -[[(2,5-dichlorophenyl) thio]methyl] O,O -dimethyl phosphorodithioate; Guthion®, O,O -dimethyl S -(4-oxo-l,2,3,-benzotriazin-3(4 H )-ylmethyl) phosphorodithioate; Monsanto CP-40294, O-p -nitrophenyl O -phenyl methylphosphonothionate; Methyl Trithion,® S -( p -chlorophenylthio) methyl O,O -dimethyl phosphorodithioate;Stauffer R-1504, O,O -dimethyl S -phthalimidomethyl phosphorodithioate; Union Carbide UC-8305, 3-chloro-5-methyl-3-thio-2,4-dioxa-3-phosphabicyclo [4.4.0] decane; Union Carbide UC- 10854, m -isopropylphenyl methylcarbamate; and Zectran®,4- dimethylamino-3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate.
Social Determinants Of Health And Community Needs: Implications For Health Legacy Foundations

Mergers and acquisitions of nonprofit hospitals are on the rise. Proceeds from many of these transactions will endow new health legacy foundations (HLFs). These philanthropic entities have substantial potential for charitable investment in US communities. Research indicates that the greatest improvements in population health can be achieved by addressing underlying social factors. Determining whether communities served by HLFs are characterized by poor social determinants of health would provide new information for developing effective grant-making strategies. Our study compared socioeconomic, demographic, and health care access indicators in HLF versus non-HLF counties. Compared with non-HLF counties, HLF counties had significantly higher proportions of racial minorities and multiple socioeconomic factors that rendered them more vulnerable to health disparities and poor health. However, HLF counties had better access to health care. These findings have direct implications for HLF leadership, planning, an...
Endogenous neuropeptide Y regulates thyroid blood flow

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is present in thyroid sympathetic nerve fibers. To assess the involvement of endogenous NPY in the regulation of thyroid function, a NPY antiserum was produced in a rabbit, characterized, and used for immunization of normal and hyperthyroid rats. Plasma thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroidal, and other organ blood flows (BF) were measured in anesthetized (ketamine and pentobarbital sodium) male Sprague-Dawley rats at 1 h after intravenous administration of 1 ml of the antiserum, normal rabbit serum, or saline. Immunization against NPY had no effect on the plasma levels of thyroxine, TSH, or arterial blood pressure, but it significantly increased thyroidal BF in normal rats. In the hyperthyroid rats (treated with 5 micrograms.100 g body wt-.day-1 thyroxine for 6 days), the NPY antiserum reversed the hyperthyroidism-induced decrease in thyroid BF and significantly increased duodenal and testicular BF values, but it did not alter BF values in four other organs. These results indicate that endogenous NPY regulates thyroid BF in normal rats. They also provide an example of NPY involvement in the pathophysiological adjustment of some organs to hyperthyroidism.
Screening for prostate cancer. Role of ultrasonography.

SUMMARY Over the next 10 years, prostate cancer will be the cause of death in a large number of men. Perhaps the most feasible approach to reducing this mortality is early detection. The initial studies with transrectal ultrasonography demonstrate that this test is capable of detecting prostate cancers that are not detected by the digital rectal examination. A reasonable conclusion from these data is that every man over age 50 should have a sonogram as part of his annual check-up. Unfortunately, routine screening may also lead to serious morbidity, yet it may not lower the mortality rate from this disease. Therefore, before screening is recommended, randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to assess the impact of routine sonograms on asymptomatic men. These trials will be costly and time-consuming, but worthwhile, as the variable biology of this tumor means that screening may not accomplish its stated goals. That is, it is entirely possible that life-threatening tumors will not be detected by screening in time to alter the outcome, whereas many of the potentially curable tumors that are diagnosed and treated would never have caused a man’s death. The initial results with screening by ultrasonography are encouraging, however. Therefore, further studies should be pursued because of the potential benefit if screening by ultrasonography proves effective.
Anomalous Phonon Dispersion of an Ultracold ^6\mathrm{{Li}}–^{40}\mathrm{{K}} Mixture in a Square Optical Lattice

A necessary condition for the damping of the long-wavelength excitations of the superfluid phase (referred to as superfluid phonons) due to the three-particle process is to have an anomalous phonon dispersion. The existence of anomalous phonon dispersion has been confirmed in superfluid $$^4\mathrm {He}$$ . There are no experimental data suggesting that this phenomenon exists in superfluid Fermi gases. To the best of our knowledge, the existence of anomalous dispersion has been theoretically predicted only in atomic spin balanced Fermi gas close to the unitarity limit. The numerical results reported here suggest that the anomalous long-wavelength dispersion can be realized in mass and spin imbalanced atomic Fermi gases away from the unitary limit. In particular, the numerical solution of the Bethe–Salpeter equation in a weak-coupling regime shows that the long-wavelength part of the collective-mode dispersion of the superfluid Fulde–Ferrell phase of a mixture of population-imbalanced Lithium-6 and Potassium-40 atoms in a square lattice at some values of polarization, interacting strength and temperature initially bends upward before bending over.
Oil Analysis on Metal Surfaces by Using DR-FT-IR Mapping Techniques

The use of remote-sensing diffuse-reflectance optics to obtain Fourier-transform mid-infrared spectra from sand-blasted gold, aluminum, and steel surfaces as a function of position in order to monitor the spatial distribution of oil over the surface is described, and used to map the spread of an 0.85 μg safflower oil droplet with time, to calibrate the spectra for film thickness near 1 μm, and to monitor the oil oxidation that limited the extent of the stain.
The Recovery of Energy from Waste: Research in Italy

In 1976 the National Research Council introduced the Final Energy Programme in response to the major developments in the energy supply situation.
Supporting automatic configuration of component-based distributed systems

Recent developments in Component technology enable the construction of complex software systems by assembling together off-the-shelf components. However, it is still difficult to develop efficient, reliable, and dynamically configurable component-based systems. Components are often developed by different groups with different methodologies. Unspecified dependencies and behavior lead to unexpected failures. Component-based software systems must maintain explicit representations of inter-component dependence and component requirements. This provides a common ground for supporting fault-tolerance and automating dynamic configuration. In this paper, we present a generic model for reifying dependencies in distributed component systems and discuss how it can be used to support automatic configuration. We describe our experience deploying the framework in a CORBA-compliant reflective ORB and discuss the use of this model in a new distributed operating system.
Adjunct Employment Preference: Who Wants to Be Full-Time Faculty?

ABSTRACTRecent research suggests at least half of community college faculty who are teaching part-time would rather have a full-time appointment (Cashwell, 2009; Kramer, Gloeckner, & Jacoby, 2014). Little is known, however, about what distinguishes those voluntarily teaching part-time from those preferring a full-time faculty position. This inquiry draws from person-job fit theory to investigate adjunct faculty members’ abilities and qualifications, as well as their needs from the job itself (Edwards, 1994). Participants were 1,245 adjunct faculty teaching in 10 community colleges during the spring 2016 term. Two thirds of the participants were at least somewhat interested in becoming full-time faculty at a postsecondary institution, with 47% expressing strong, immediate interest in such a position. An ordered logistic regression model indicated that several dimensions of qualifications, job experiences, and socio-demographics predicted employment preference. Part-time faculty with higher levels of recent...
On Applying MPC for 4x4 Distillation Control

Abstract Effects of including levels into MPC for distillation control were studied with two case studies: a depropanizer and a C 3 splitter. Including levels into MPC improves composition control performance significantly for configurations other than [L,V] configuration. A cascade implementation is proposed for applications where step tests with the level loops opened are impractical.
Graft and Patient Survival

Abstract Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage renal disease, providing a survival and quality of life benefit to the recipient over patients on dialysis. While the survival trend for kidney transplant recipients has steadily improved over the years, the rate of death with a functioning renal allograft remains largely unchanged. Donor and recipient selection impacts both recipient and graft survival and the newly introduced longevity matching-based Kidney Allocation System attempts to capture this association. It is interesting to note that while short-term graft survival has improved significantly over the years, long-term graft survival has not seen an equivalent rise. Various factors including subclinical rejection, immunosuppressive toxicity and chronic allograft dysfunction have been implicated. Protocol renal allograft biopsies serve to provide biological and immunological markers of these factors and biopsy endpoints have been shown to be associated with long-term graft survival. We used laboratory and pathology data after transplant to independently develop a late outcome surrogate score providing a prediction model for graft survival following kidney transplantation. Further effort into developing novel biomarkers and quality predictive models of long-term graft survival is needed.
Sperm DNA fragmentation testing: a standard semen test or not ready for prime time?

This issue of Translational Andrology and Urology focuses on the controversies surrounding the use of sperm DNA fragmentation testing in the armentarium of the male infertility specialist. My general approach to patient care is: I only order a test if it will change my management of the patient or couple. On the other hand, there are some situations when more information may sway the couple on how to proceed towards differing treatment options.
Evaluating effects of workload on trust in automation, attention allocation and dual-task performance:

This study aimed to examine how workload and automation aid type affected operators’ trust in automation, attention allocation and dual-task performance. With a simulated surveillance task, partici...
Rare Earth/Transition Metal Oxides for Syngas Tar Reforming: A Model Compound Study

A major problem in biomass or coal gasification is removal of syngas byproducts such as H2S, NH3, and tars (heavy hydrocarbons) that cause catalyst deactivation and clogging problems downstream. Rare earth oxides (REOs) doped with transition metals (TMs) are promising catalysts for tar reforming. With propane as a model compound, we compared such catalysts to a typical supported Ni catalyst, and also to recent density functional theory (DFT) results modeling these systems. The REO/TM catalysts are active over the range 920–1000 K, with no significant deactivation in non-sulfur containing feeds. In particular, a Mn/CeO2 catalyst showed good reforming activity with low carbon, CO2, and CH4 yields. This catalyst also maintained some activity in the presence of 40 ppm H2S. Kinetics calculations showed that most such catalysts have near zero order kinetics with respect to water, making them usable with a variety of gasifier effluents. Characterization of used catalysts by multiple techniques suggests that the ...
Liposomes and the Reticuloendothelial System: Interactions of Liposomes with Macrophages and Behavior of Liposomes In Vivo

Liposomes represent an attractive approach to the problem of controlled drug delivery. Liposomes composed of natural body constituents are biodegradable, very weakly immunogenic and possess limited intrinsic toxicity. A great number of drugs and macromolecules can be readily encapsulated within liposomes of various types using relatively simple and efficient procedures. Incorporation of a drug within liposomes produces drastic but predictable changes in the pharmacodynamic behaviour of the substance. Current approaches to the exploitation of liposomal delivery systems have been reviewed elsewhere (Juliano, 1981, 1980; Ryman this volume, Mayhew this volume).
The Maxwell-Boltzmann Equation as a Constitutive Equation of Continuum Mechanics

While speculations that gross matter is a vast assembly of tiny grains of a few distinct kinds are of great age, the first mathematical theories sufficient to yield quantities rather than pictures are those of NAVIER, POISSON, and CAUCHY, in which fluids and solids are represented as static or nearly static arrays of point centers of force. Although correct if somewhat special equations were drawn from such hypotheses by those mathematicians, physicists later rejected the molecular models on which they rest, entirely in the case of fluids, and with such qualifications for solids as to bury the starting point. Scientists should use these theories as examples to show that one man’s molecules may be another man’s poison.
Math Interventions for Students with Learning Disabilities: Myths and Realities

During the past two decades, math learning disabilities have received increased attention from educational researchers, evaluators, and teachers. Once thought to be quite uncommon, it now is agreed...
On the Cunning of Reason in our Time

When I think about our time, I may also think about the cunning of reason (Hegel’s List der Vernunft) —might the cunning of reason yet save us? But at once then, there also arises a corrective, a sobering notion — that of the reason of cunning or perhaps the cunning of unreason. I am now holding on to all this, trying to find out what in our time — if anything — could be meant by the cunning of reason, why the thought of it should also suggest the thought of the reason of cunning or of the cunning of unreason, what the meanings of all of these might be.
A Stochastic MPC Approach with Application to Iterative Learning

We present a Stochastic Model Predictive Controller for constrained uncertain systems. The proposed framework guarantees recursive feasibility of the controller while ensuring probabilistic constraint satisfaction. Furthermore, we show that the closed loop system converges to a neighborhood of the origin regardless of the disturbance realization. The main contribution of this work is to propose a deterministic reformulation of the chance constraints, where the constraint tightening is constant over the prediction horizon. Therefore, the proposed strategy can be integrated with the recently proposed Leaning Model Predictive Control (LMPC) scheme. The properties of the controller and its integration with the LMPC are discussed in the result section.
Assessing dinner meals offered at home among preschoolers from low-income families with the Remote Food Photography Method.

BACKGROUND The high prevalence of obesity among preschoolers may be partially explained by the type and quantity of foods offered by parents and left unconsumed by preschoolers. OBJECTIVES (a) To compare foods offered and consumed at dinner to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) and the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) standards and (b) to examine the types, quantities, and nutrient composition of foods offered to and consumed by preschoolers and their plate waste. METHODS Participants were recruited from six Head Start/preschool centres. The Remote Food Photography Method was used to document dinner meals over 1 week (n = 153 meals). Energy and nutrients for foods offered, consumed, and plate waste were calculated. Foods offered and consumed were compared with the DGAs and CACFP standards. RESULTS Foods and beverages offered at dinner equaled 506 kcal, which is 36% of the DGA-recommended total daily energy intake. Meals offered and consumed were high in fat and sodium and low in fibre. Adherence to CACFP standards was low for fruits (25%) and milk (2%) and moderate for vegetables (63%). Mean plate waste (29%) was similar across food types. CONCLUSIONS Opportunities exist to improve preschoolers' adherence to the DGAs and CACFP standards by enhancing the quality of dinner meals offered to them.
11 – Glaciolacustrine environments

Publisher Summary Meltwater—impounded by ice or glacial deposits, in depressions created by glacial erosion, or by isostatic loading—creates a wide variety of glacier-fed lake types in terms of size, longevity, and limnological characteristics. These are further classified—according to their position relative to the ice or with respect to the source of water and sediment—as either ice-contact lakes or distal lakes. An ice-contact lake is a ponded body of meltwater with at least a portion of the lake in direct contact with either active or stagnating glacial ice. Distal lakes are physically separate from the ice but fed primarily by glacial meltwater via outwash streams. These lakes may occupy pre-existing natural basins and thus have the potential to last for hundreds to thousands of years. In contrast, distal lakes impounded by sediment dams are likely to be short lived. Water has a high heat capacity, and thus lakes are able to absorb or produce heat in response to changes in solar radiation input with little net changes in temperature. Meltwater is near 0°C as flow exits the ice and enters ice-contact lakes. It contains varying concentrations of suspended sediment and dissolved load entrained during its passage through and under the ice. Lakes are influenced by these short-term thermal and sediment load fluctuations and generally develop some types of density stratification related to variations in temperature, chemistry, or sediment concentration.
Compartment-specific opioid receptor signaling is selectively modulated by Dynorphin subtypes

Many signal transduction systems have an apparent redundancy built into them, where multiple physiological agonists activate the same receptors. Whether this is true redundancy, or whether this provides as-yet unrecognized specificity in downstream signaling, is not well understood. We address this question using the kappa opioid receptor (KOR), a physiologically relevant G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is activated by multiple members of the Dynorphin family of opioid peptides. We show that, although highly related Dynorphins bind and activate KOR to similar extents on the cell surface, they localize KOR to distinct subcellular compartments, dictate different post-endocytic fates of the receptor, and differentially induce KOR signaling from the degradative pathway. Our results suggest that seemingly redundant endogenous opioid peptides that are often co-released can in fact fine-tune signaling by regulating the subcellular spatial profile of GPCR localization and signaling.
ATTC (@C): Addressable-TLB based Translation Coherence

Heterogeneous memory systems are getting popular, however they face significant challenges from translation coherence overheads from page remappings. Translation coherence, which is typically implemented in software, can consume up to 50% of the runtime for some applications in virtualized platforms. In this paper, we propose ATTC -- Addressable TLB-based Translation Coherence, a hardware translation coherence scheme which eliminates almost all of the overheads associated with software-based coherence mechanisms, and overcomes the challenges in existing hardware schemes. Unlike other proposals (HATRIC, UNITD) that require on-chip TLB tags to enforce coherence and are capable of tracking only the last level page table entries of either the guest or host page tables, ATTC tracks changes to both guest and host page tables without requiring any additional metadata in L1, L2 TLBs. ATTC enforces a "point of coherence'' uniformly for both guest and host page table updates using an addressable TLB (ATLB) in the DRAM akin to the one in [41]. An inverse mapping table (INVTBL - present in DRAM) that maps host physical pages to ATLB locations helps to precisely track translations. We study the proposed ATTC scheme in detail for an emerging hybrid memory organization (a mix of DRAM and NVM) and show that ATTC practically eliminates all translation coherence overheads, yielding an average improvement of 35.7% over a baseline software coherence scheme in virtualized environment and 7.4% over the hardware HATRIC scheme.
Regional Inequality in China: A Case Study of Jiangsu Province

The tremendous changes in China's development philosophy and regional economies during the last two decades have carved out selectively new locations of development across the nation. While politicians heatedly debate the acceptable levels of regional inequality, most scholarly studies focus on broad aggregate trends of inequality among provinces and groups of provinces, and pay little attention to identifying and conceptualizing sources and major agents of spatial change. This paper aims at revealing detailed spatial ramifications of the reforms, and at understanding the impacts of the state, local agents, and foreign investors on regional development. To this effect, we conduct a disaggregated and empirical study of Jiangsu, a coastal province experiencing dramatic economic and spatial restructuring. We show that local agents which favor rural industrial enterprises accelerated new growth in selected rural areas, in contrast to slower growth of older cities and state-owned enterprises, resulting in a net decline of intercounty inequality. But the coalescence of state policy, local agents, and foreign investment has widened the historical gap between northern and southern Jiangsu, and is likely to accelerate intercounty inequality in the future. Our study demonstrates the utility of the “developments from above, below and outside” framework for analyzing key forces of regional growth in socialist transitional economies.
Risk Factors for Failure Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in a Pediatric Population: A Novel Prediction Algorithm

Background: Pediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is becoming increasingly common, however, there is limited literature on the risk factors for failure in this demographic. In the present study we sought to: 1. To determine the rate of pediatric ACL reconstruction (ACLR) failure requiring revision surgery in a nationally representative sample. 2. To determine the associated patient/injury-specific risk factors for ACLR failure. 3. To examine the differences in the rate and risks of failure between pediatric and adult patients. Methods: Patient records were drawn from Humana individual health plans and Medicare medical …
"Unresectable" polyp management utilizing advanced endoscopic techniques results in high rate of colon preservation.

“Endoscopically unresectable” benign polyps identified during screening colonoscopy are often referred for segmental colectomy. Application of advanced endoscopic techniques can increase endoscopic polyp resection, sparing patients the morbidity of colectomy. This retrospective case-control study aimed to evaluate the success of colon preserving resection of “endoscopically unresectable” benign polyps using advanced endoscopic techniques including endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection, endoluminal surgical intervention, full-thickness laparo-endoscopic excision, and combined endo-laparoscopic resection. A prospectively maintained institutional database identified 95 patients referred for “endoscopically unresectable” benign polyps from 2015 to 2018. Cases were compared to 190 propensity score matched controls from the same database undergoing elective laparoscopic colectomy for other reasons. Primary outcome was rate of complete endoscopic polyp removal. Secondary outcomes included length of stay, unplanned 30-day readmission and reoperation, 30-day mortality, and post-procedural complications. Advanced endoscopic techniques achieved complete polyp removal without colectomy in 66 patients (70%). Failure was most commonly associated with previously attempted endoscopic resection and occult malignancy. Compared with matched colectomy controls, endoscopic polyp resection resulted in significantly shorter hospital length of stay (1.13 ± 2.41 vs 3.89 ± 4.57 days; p < 0.001), lower unplanned 30-day readmission (1.1% vs 7.7%; p < 0.05), and fewer postoperative complications (4.2% vs 33.9%; p < 0.001). Unplanned 30-day reoperation (2.1% vs 4.4%; p = 0.34) and 30-day mortality (0% vs 0.6%; p = 0.75) trended lower. Endoscopic resection of complex polyps can be highly successful, and it is associated with favorable outcomes and decreased morbidity when compared with segmental colon resection. Attempting colon preservation using these techniques is warranted.
Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for COVID-19 in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.

Background: Bamlanivimab and casirivimab-imdevimab are authorized for emergency use treatment of mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients at high risk for developing severe disease or hospitalization. Their safety and efficacy have not been specifically evaluated in solid organ transplant recipients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed solid organ transplant recipients who received monoclonal antibody infusion for COVID-19 at Mayo Clinic sites through January 23, 2021. Outcomes included emergency department visit, hospitalization, mortality, and allograft rejection. Results: Seventy-three patients were treated, most commonly with bamlanivimab (75.3%). The median age was 59 years, 63% were male, and the median Charlson comorbidity index was 5. Transplant type included 41 kidney (56.2%), 13 liver (17.8%), 11 heart (15.1%), 4 kidney-pancreas (5.5%), 2 lung (2.7%), 1 heart-liver, and 1 pancreas. Eleven (15.1%) patients had an emergency department visit within 28 days of infusion, including 9 (12.3%) who were hospitalized for a median of 4 days. One patient required intensive care unit admission for a nonrespiratory complication. No patients required mechanical ventilation, died, or experienced rejection. Ten adverse events occurred, with 1 seeking medical evaluation. Hypertension was associated with hospital admission (Pâ <â .05), while other baseline characteristics were similar. The median time from symptom onset to antibody administration was 4 days in nonhospitalized patients compared with 6 days among hospitalized patients (Pâ <â .05). Conclusions: Monoclonal antibody treatment has favorable outcomes with minimal adverse effects in solid organ transplant recipients with mild to moderate COVID-19. Earlier administration of monoclonal antibody therapy appears to be more efficacious.
Plastics in Porifera: The occurrence of potential microplastics in marine sponges and seawater from Bocas del Toro, Panamá

Microplastics (MP) are now considered ubiquitous across global aquatic environments. The ingestion of MP by fish and other marine vertebrates is well studied, but the ingestion of MP by marine invertebrates is not. Sponges (Phylum Porifera) are particularly understudied when it comes to MP ingestion, even though they are widely distributed across benthic habitats, can process large volumes of seawater, and can retain small particles within their water filtration systems. This study examines the presence of potential MP (PMP) in wild marine sponges and seawater collected in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Subsurface seawater and tissue from six common Caribbean sponge species was collected in Saigon Bay, a heavily impacted, shallow-water coral reef. Seawater samples were filtered onto glass fiber filters to retain any PMP present and sponge tissue was digested with bleach, heated and filtered. Filters were examined using fluorescence microscopy to quantify PMP. An average of 107 ± 25 PMP L-1 was detected in seawater from Saigon Bay with particles ranging in size between 10 μm and ~3,000 μm. The number of PMP found in sponge tissue ranged between 6 ± 4 and 169 ± 71 PMP g-1 of dry tissue. Most particles found in sponge samples were very small (10-20 μm), but fibers greater than 5,000 μm were detected. Our results indicate that PMP exists within the tissues of the sponges we studied, but future studies should confirm the presence of MP in sponges using chemical analysis. Most importantly, the discrepancy between low levels of PMP in our sponge samples and high levels in the surrounding seawater highlights the potential for sponges to resist and/or egest MP. Finally, we provide a critical evaluation of our methods to improve their use in future MP work with benthic marine organisms.
Hipericão na perturbação depressiva: revisão crítica de autor

Objectives: Review the evidence regarding the effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of hypericum in the treatment of depressive disorder (DD). Data sources: NICE, Canadian Medical Association Infobase, PubMed – Clinical Queries, The Cochrane Library, BMJ, Bandolier, and DARE – Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. Methods: The research for scientific articles was performed on online Evidence-Based Medicine platforms, with the keywords ‘Hypericum’ and ‘Depressive Disorder’. Articles were selected based on title, year of publication, and abstract. Results: Two clinical guidelines (CG), three meta-analyses (MA), two systematic reviews (SR), and one original article (OA) were included in this review. One CG reported that hypericum can be used as first-line in mild to moderate major DD and as an adjunct treatment of second-line in moderate to severe major DD. Another CG does not support the use. All of MA and SR conclude that hypericum is more effective than placebo in the treatment of DD, with two MA and two SR added that there is no increase of adverse effects. Two SR mentioned the risk of interactions with other drugs. The OA also affirms the effectiveness of hypericum in postmenopausal women. Conclusion: There is evidence regarding the efficacy of hypericum in mild to moderate DD. The available data appears to be consistent with its good tolerability, but also in terms of the risk of interactions with other drugs. The limitations of the recommendation are essentially due to the mechanisms of action that are not fully understood.
North American rainfall and temperature prediction response to the diversity of ENSO

Research has shown that there is significant diversity in the location of the maximum sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) associated with the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In one extreme, warm SSTA peak near the South American coast (often referred to as Eastern Pacific of EP El Nino), and at the other extreme, warm SSTA peak in the central Pacific (Central Pacific or CP El Nino). Due to the differing tropical Pacific SSTA and precipitation structure, there are differing extratropical responses, particularly over North America. Recent work involving the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) system for intra-seasonal to inter-annual prediction on prediction of the differences between El Nino events found excess warming in the eastern Pacific during CP El Nino events. This manuscript investigates the ensemble and observational agreement of the NMME system when forecasting the North American response to the diversity of ENSO, focusing on regional land-based 2-meter temperature and precipitation. NMME forecasts of North American precipitation and T2m agree with observations more often during EP events. Ensemble agreement of NMME forecasts is regional. For instance, ensemble agreement in Southeast North America demonstrates a strong connection to NINO3 precipitation and SSTA amplitude during warm ENSO events. Ensemble agreement in Northwest North America demonstrates a weak connection to NINO4 precipitation and SSTA amplitude during warm ENSO events. Still other regions do not show a strong connection between ensemble agreement and strength of warm ENSO events.
Macromolecular models of proteinpolysaccharides from bovine nasal cartilage based on electron microscopic studies.

Abstract Three proteinpolysaccharide fractions with different physical properties, PPL3, PGS, and PPL5, have been isolated from crude proteinpolysaccharide extracted from bovine nasal cartilage with 3 m MgCl2. The macromolecular species present in each fraction have been visualized by electron microscopy by monolayer techniques of a mixed proteinpolysaccharide-cytochrome c film. The results suggest that both PPL3 and PGS may exist as mixtures of monomers and dimers formed by the end to end association of monomers. While PPL3 appears to exist mainly in the monomer form, PGS appears to exist almost entirely in the dimer form. Two kinds of aggregate forms were present in monolayer preparations of PPL5. The first order aggregates consist mainly of several dimers radiating outward in starlike fashion from a central locus of association. The larger, second order aggregates appear to consist of many dimers clustered around several central loci of association. From the electron micrographs, a model of increasing complexity has been derived for the macromolecular organization of cartilage ground substance.
Adoptive B cell immunotherapy accelerates control of chronic viral infection (VAC6P.947)

Many viruses can establish persistence and cause disease in humans. Studies have established a role for T cells in resolving persistent viral infections; however, the importance of a humoral response is less clear. In this study, we sought novel insights into the importance of humoral immunity in resolving a persistent infection by utilizing the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13 model. Infection with aggressive LCMV variants results in a chronic viral infection during which antiviral T cells pass through a state of functional exhaustion, but the infection is nevertheless controlled over time. We postulated that humoral immunity was required for LCMV control and could be harnessed as an immunotherapy. We observed dramatic increases in splenic plasma cells as early as one week following LCMV infection, which coincided with the emergence of non-neutralizing antibodies. B cell depletion starting at the peak of T cell exhaustion (day 15) resulted in a failure to control virus. Moreover, adoptive transfer of LCMV immune B cells into mice with an active infection dramatically accelerated viral clearance. We found using two-photon microscopy that therapeutic B cells home to the infected recipient spleen where donor antibody secreting cells proliferate to amplify antiviral humoral responses. These data demonstrate that humoral immunity can contribute to the resolution of a persistent viral infection and that B cells can be harnessed for adoptive immunotherapy.