cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Public Versus Private Colleges: Political Participation of College Graduates

Using data from the Baccalaureate and Beyond Longitudinal Study (B&B:93/03) of College Graduates, we use structural equation modeling to model the relationships between college major, values held in college, collegiate community service participation, and the post-college political participation of college graduates by public versus private institutions. We use Holland’s Theory of person-environment fit as lens to understand differences in political participation across majors and institutional contexts. Over a 10-year period immediately after receiving the baccalaureate, we find that choice of major and individual values are differentially associated with post-college political participation for private institution graduates when compared to the counterparts at public institutions. We relate our findings to extant literature that highlights the differences in institutional characteristics between public and private colleges and socialization patterns of undergraduates that may inform differences in post-college political participation. Implications for future research are also offered.
Lack of association between temporal lobe epilepsy and a novel polymorphism in the alpha 2 subunit gene (ATP1A2) of the sodium potassium transporting ATPase.

Genetic linkage studies in rodents and humans have identified specific chromosomal regions harboring seizure susceptibility genes. We have identified a novel polymorphism in the human alpha 2 subunit gene (ATP1A2) of the sodium potassium transporting ATPase (NaK-pump), a candidate gene for human temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) based on its chromosomal location and function in ion homeostasis. The polymorphism consists of a four base pair insertion 12 base pairs upstream of the start of exon 2. We performed an association study between this polymorphism and TLE. Our study did not find a significant difference in the frequency of this polymorphism between TLE patients and controls, indicating that this variation is not a major susceptibility factor. However, since the number of patients studied so far is small and the functional consequence of the polymorphism is unknown, the variation may yet be found to play a minor role in increased risk for seizure susceptibility. In contrast to the findings in TLE patients and controls, we did find a significant difference in the frequency of the variation between African Americans and persons of European descent. This finding demonstrates the potential effect of population stratification on studies of this type and supports the growing use of parental and familial samples for controls in association studies. Further study of this polymorphism is warranted as it may be involved in other disease processes for which there are known ethnic-specific susceptibilities. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 96:79–83, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Muon Beams at the LAMPF Biomedical Channel

Modifications have been made to the LAMPF biomedical channel that allow the delivery of intense muon beams for physics experiments while retaining the design high-flux pion capability. Two types of muon beams have been developed: first, muons from the backward decay of pions and second, "cloud" muons, from the target region, momentum-degraded in the channel to reduce the pion component. Muons are collected from a region between the second and third bending magnets in the channel which can contain a Be degrader. A momentum-dispersed image is formed at a new downstream slit which is used to determine the momentum spread of both types of muon beams. The decay beam provides good polarization and low electron contamination. The degraded beam has higher intensity but about 40% electron contamination. Both beams have a pion contamination of about 3%.
Data driven DCVSL: A clockless approach to dynamic differential circuit design

This paper presents a new dynamic circuit design style based on the differential cascade voltage swing logic. The design style is proposed as a data driven dynamic differential logic design style. The proposed design style offers significant performance advantages over conventional DCVSL and Differential Domino with reduced power consumption. The pre-charge and evaluation phases are controlled by suitable combinations of input signals with the two differential paths operating mutually exclusively. The design style was verified through the design of basic logic gates. We also present comparison results for a 32 bit barrel shifter to demonstrate the advantages in power, performance and process variation tolerance of the proposed design scheme.
Disparities in work-related homicide rates in selected retail industries in the United States, 2003-2008.

Problem Segments within the retail industry have a substantially higher rate of work-related fatality due to workplace violence compared to the retail industry overall. Certain demographic subgroups may be at higher risk.
Development of a scanning, solar-blind, water Raman lidar

The need for an instrument capable of measuring water-vapor fluxes over mixed canopy and large areas has long been recognized. Such a device would greatly enhance the study of evapotranspiration processes and has great practical value for water management. To address this problem, a scanning water Raman lidar has been designed and constructed. Analytical methods have also been developed to take advantage of the type of information that this lidar can generate. The lidar is able to measure the absolute water content and calculate the evaporative flux quickly over relatively large areas. This capability provides new opportunities for the study of microscale atmospheric processes. The variogram data indicate that the spatial sampling size must be of the order of 10 m if fluxes and scalars are to be properly represented. Examples of data are presented.
Cost assessment of filmless ultrasound using unit cost analysis

Filmless ultrasound is a viable operation from a cost standpoint in our division. Substantial cost savings can be recognized in filmless operation by reducing labor intensive activities and consumables and increasing productivity. PACS lends itself to economies of scale make its feasibility at large institutions possible. At our institution, it can not only pay its own way but also provide a reasonable return on investment. This powerful method can be used for cost analysis of other ultrasound divisions or divisions within radiology departments if the variables described above are known.
Who goes to graduate/professional school? The importance of economic fluctuations, undergraduate field, and ability

Abstract This study examines the impact of fluctuations in entry-level labor market conditions on the graduate school enrollment decisions of newly minted undergraduate degree holders. Using repeated cross-section data for recently graduated science and engineering undergraduates from the National Survey of Recent College Graduates, and state-level unemployment rates to measure entry-level labor market conditions, we find that advanced degree enrollment patterns vary across the business cycle by undergraduate major, GPA, gender, and advanced degree type.
Cooperative search algorithm for mutual-information-based image registration

Mutual information (MI) has been used widely as a similarity measure for many multi-modality image registration problems. MI of two registered images is assumed to attain its global maximum. One major problem while implementing this technique is the lack of an efficient yet robust global optimizer. The direct use of existing global optimizers such as simulated annealing (SA) or genetic algorithms (GA) may not be feasible in practice since they suffer from the following problems: 1) When should the algorithm be terminated. 2) The maximum found may be a local maximum. The problems mentioned above can be avoided if the maximum found can be identified as the global maximum by means of a test. In this paper, we propose a global maximum testing algorithm for the MI based registration function. Based on this test, a cooperative search algorithm is proposed to increase the capture range of any local optimizer. Here we define the capture range as the collection of points in the parameter space starting from which a specified local optimizer can be used to reach the global optimum successfully. When used in conjunction with these two algorithms, a global optimizer like GA can be adopted to yield an efficient and robust image registration procedure. Our experiments demonstrate the successful application of our procedure.
INTERACTIVE NATURAL LANGUAGE PROBLEM SOLVING: A PRAGMATIC APPROACH

A class of natural language processors is described which allow a user to display objects of interest on a computer terminal and manipulate them via typed or spoken English sentences.This paper concerns itself with the implementation of the voice input facility using an automatic speech recognizer, and the touch input facility using a touch sensitive screen. To overcome the high error rates of the speech recognizer under conditions of actual problem solving in natural language, error correction software has been designed and is described here. Also described are problems involving the resolution of voice input with touch input, and the identification of the intended referents of touch input.To measure system performance we have considered two classes of factors: the various conditions of testing, and the level and quality of training of the system user. In the paper a sequence of five different testing situations is observed, each one resulting in a lowering of system performance by several percentage points below the previous one. A training procedure for potential users is described, and an experiment is discussed which utilizes the training procedure to enable users to solve actual non-trivial problems using natural language voice communication.
Controlled release of macromolecules: Biological studies☆

Abstract Controlled release polymers composed of ethylene—vinyl acetate have served as an integral part of in vivo bioassays for substances which both induce and inhibit tumor neovascularization. These substances include partially purified extracts of tumor angiogenesis factor, and inhibitors from calf and shark cartilage as well as a heparin—cortisone combination. This combination has also been incorporated into bioerodible polyanhydrides which dissolved over a 3 week period and completely inhibited tumor neovascularization in the rabbit cornea. The application of these polymer systems to other bioassays as well as potential clinical applications is also discussed.
Ability Testing and Graduate Admissions: Decision Process Modeling and Validation:

The admissions process for a graduate Master of Business Administration (MBA) program was modeled for 406 applicants to a newly designed MBA program. The decision process model was then applied to ...
Resilient Self-Reproducing Systems

This paper is motivated by the need to minimize the payload mass required to establish an extraterrestrial robotic colony. One approach for this minimization is to deploy a colony consisting of individual robots capable of self-reproducing. An important consideration once such a colony is established is its resiliency to large-scale environment or state variations. Previous approaches to learning and adaptation in self-reconfigurable robots have utilized reinforcement learning, cellular automata, and distributed control schemes to achieve robust handling of failure modes at the modular level. This work considers self-reconfigurability at the system level, where each constituent robot is endowed with a self-reproductive capacity. Rather than focus on individual dynamics, the hypothesis is that resiliency in a collective may be achieved if: 1) individual robots are free to explore all options in their decision space, including self-reproduction, and 2) they dwell preferentially on the most favorable options. Through simulations, we demonstrate that a colony operating in accordance with this hypothesis is able to adapt to changes in the external environment, respond rapidly to applied disturbances and disruptions to the internal system states, and operate in the presence of uncertainty.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Comparative tissue explant requirements of Columbia-SK, C(M) and M.M. viruses, and of Theiler's encephalomyelitis virus.

SummaryIn a fluid medium consisting of 3 cc of Simms' solution and 1.25 cc of oxserum ultrafiltrate plus 0.25 cc of selected minced tissue in glucosol solution, the Col. SK, C(M) and M.M. viruses were found to grow freely on tissue explants of brain, lung, small intestine, heart muscle, and tail from embryo mice, but not on explants of tongue skeletal muscle, kidney, liver, or spleen from the same embryos. Growth of all 3 viruses was also obtained on explants of minced 5-day chick embryos, but not to an equal degree.The GD VII strain of Theiler's encephalomyelitis virus was carried through 15 culture passages on explants of brain and tail tissue, but failed to show well defined or continued growth on explants of other tissues and organs from embryo mice. Unlike the GD VII strain, the FA strain of Theiler's virus failed to grow on explants of tail tissue. Both strains grew on explants of chick embryo tissue, but the FA strain grew less freely than the GD VII strain, even on explants of mouse brain tissue, ...
Anaerobic bioremediation of hexavalent uranium in groundwater by reductive precipitation with methanogenic granular sludge

Abstract Uranium has been responsible for extensive contamination of groundwater due to releases from mill tailings and other uranium processing waste. Past evidence has confirmed that certain bacteria can enzymatically reduce soluble hexavalent uranium (U(VI)) to insoluble tetravalent uranium (U(IV)) under anaerobic conditions in the presence of appropriate electron donors. This paper focuses on the evaluation of anaerobic granular sludge as a source of inoculum for the bioremediation of uranium in water. Batch experiments were performed with several methanogenic anaerobic granular sludge samples and different electron donors. Abiotic controls consisting of heat-killed inoculum and non-inoculated treatments confirmed the biological removal process. In this study, unadapted anaerobic granular sludge immediately reduced U(VI), suggesting an intrinsic capacity of the sludge to support this process. The high biodiversity of anaerobic granular sludge most likely accounts for the presence of specific microorganisms capable of reducing U(VI). Oxidation by O 2 was shown to resolubilize the uranium. This observation combined with X-ray diffraction evidence of uraninite confirmed that the removal during anaerobic treatment was due to reductive precipitation. The anaerobic removal activity could be sustained after several respikes of U(VI). The U(VI) removal was feasible without addition of electron donors, indicating that the decay of endogenous biomass substrates was contributing electron equivalents to the process. Addition of electron donors, such as H 2 stimulated the removal of U(VI) to varying degrees. The stimulation was greater in sludge samples with lower endogenous substrate levels. The present work reveals the potential application of anaerobic granular sludge for continuous bioremediation schemes to treat uranium-contaminated water.
The Isolation of Israel

T he isolation of Israel has been one of the most striking by-products of its creation. Why is it that a state founded by Jews with a strong sense of ancestral ties to the Middle East is an alien entity in its immediate environment? There is more to Israel's isolation than the political repercussions of its claims to sovereignty within Palestine, important though these are in explaining the Arab rejection of the Zionist state. Historically, the Middle East has witnessed many changes in the structure of power, and its people have been able to adjust accordingly. The difference with Israel is that, formerly, the introduction and passing of empires and foreign controls still left the pattern of social continuity intact in the region. Embodied in Zionist thought, however, was an idea of exclusiveness, of separateness from the region, which was foreign in its very essence to the society and culture of the Middle East. The confrontation between this aspect of Zionism and the Middle Eastern environment has been central to the Arab-Israeli conflict.
Multiplex detection of disease biomarkers using SERS molecular sentinel-on-chip

Developing techniques for multiplex detection of disease biomarkers is important for clinical diagnosis. In this work, we have demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of multiplex detection of genetic disease biomarkers using the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based molecular sentinel-on-chip (MSC) diagnostic technology. The molecular sentinel (MS) sensing mechanism is based upon the decrease of SERS intensity when Raman labels tagged at 3′-ends of MS nanoprobes are physically displaced from the nanowave chip’s surface upon DNA hybridization. The use of bimetallic layer (silver and gold) for the nanowave fabrication was investigated. SERS measurements were performed immediately following a single hybridization reaction between the target single-stranded DNA sequences and the complementary MS nanoprobes immobilized on the nanowave chip without requiring target labeling (i.e., label-free), secondary hybridization, or post-hybridization washing, thus shortening the assay time and reducing cost. Two nucleic acid transcripts, interferon alpha-inducible protein 27 and interferon-induced protein 44-like, are used as model systems for the multiplex detection concept demonstration. These two genes are well known for their critical role in host immune response to viral infection and can be used as molecular signature for viral infection diagnosis. The results indicate the potential of the MSC technology for nucleic acid biomarker multiplex detection.
Reversible dissociation of ferritin and its subunits in vitro.

Abstract Ferritin in solution with sodium dodecyl sulfate can be degraded into soluble protein fractions which do not contain iron. These particles, which have a higher electrophoretic mobility than ferritin in polyacrylamide gels, may also be separated from ferritin by membrane filtration and by gel filtration on Sephadex. Consequently, they are likely to represent subunits of ferritin. The subunits reaggregate when the sodium dodecyl sulfate is slowly removed by dialysis to give a material which is indistinguishable from ferritin in its chromatographic properties on Sephadex G-200 and also in its electrophoretic mobility in a polyacrylamide gel. The results indicate that the protein shell of ferritin can be assembled in the absence of the iron core.
Automated sensitivity analysis of stiff biochemical systems using a fourth-order adaptive step size Rosenbrock integration method

Sensitivity analysis is one of the most effective approaches for studying mathematical models of biochemical systems. A stiff Rosenbrock integrator has been developed for sensitivity analysis using a direct sensitivity approach. Automated sparse Jacobian and Hessian calculations of the coupled system (the original model equations and the sensitivity equations) have been implemented in the freely available software package CellSim. The accuracy and efficiency of the integrator are tested extensively on the complex mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway model of Bhalla and Iyengar. Both time-dependent concentration and parameter-based sensitivity coefficients are measured using several integration schemes. The method is shown to perform sensitivity analysis in a manner that is cost effective with moderate accuracy. The error control strategy between the decoupled direct method and the Rosenbrock with direct method is discussed and their computational accuracies are compared. The method is used to analyse the positive feedback loop within the MAPK signal transduction pathway.
THE OXIDATION OF CERAMIC WARES DURING FIRING.—I. SOME REACTIONS OF A WELL KNOWN FIRE CLAY1

After a review of the literature, a chemical laboratory study is made of the gases evolved on heating a lower Kittanning fire clay at various rates to various temperatures in a current of pure oxygen. The rates of evolution of CO2, SO2, and SO3 are determined under varying conditions. Determinations of the remaining sulphur in the clay after heating are made. Possibilities as to the chemical mechanism of sulphur evolution are suggested. Plans for continuation of the work are outlined.
Mechanistic Variations and Rate Effects of Alkoxy and Thioalkoxy Substituents on Anionic Oxy-Cope Rearrangements

The effects of thiomethoxy and methoxy substituents on the rates and the mechanisms of anionic oxy-Cope rearrangements were investigated with density functional theory (B3LYP/6-31+G*). Thiomethoxy ...
Patterns of morphological integration in marine modular organisms: supra-module organization in branching octocoral colonies.

Despite the relative simplicity of their modular growth, marine invertebrates such as arborescent gorgonian octocorals (Octocorallia: Cnidaria) generate complex colonial forms. Colony form in these taxa is a consequence of modular (polyp) replication, and if there is a tight integration among modular and supramodular traits (e.g. polyp aperture, inter-polyp spacing, branch thickness, internode and branch length), then changes at the module level may lead to changes in colony architecture. Alternatively, different groups of traits may evolve semi-independently (or conditionally independent). To examine the patterns of integration among morphological traits in Caribbean octocorals, we compared five morphological traits across 21 species, correcting for the effects of phylogenetic relationships among the taxa. Graphical modelling and phylogenetic independence contrasts among the five morphological characters indicate two groups of integrated traits based on whether they were polyp- or colony-level traits. Although all characters exhibited bivariate associations, multivariate analyses (partial correlation coefficients) showed the strongest integration among the colony-level characters (internode distance and branch length). It is a quantitative demonstration that branching characters within the octocorals studied are independent of characters of the polyps. Despite the universally recognized modularity of octocorals at the level of polyps, branching during colony development may represent an emergent level of integration and modularity.
Inhibition of collagen accumulation in fibrotic processes: review of pharmacologic agents and new approaches with amino acids and their analogues.

Accumulation of collagen is the major pathologic feature in a variety of fibrotic processes, including dermal fibrosis in progressive systemic sclerosis, morphea, familial cutaneous collagenonia, connective tissue nevi of the collagen type and in keloids. Recent advances in the biochemistry of collagen have allowed us to define specific levels of collagen biosynthesis and degradation at which a pharmacologic intervention can lead to reduced collagen deposition. In this review, we are discussing the mechanisms of action by some of the therapeutic agents currently in use. We further present some new developments involving amino acids and their analogues which could potentially provide us with novel means to reduce the excessive accumulation of collagen in dermal fibrotic processes.
Chemical facility vulnerability assessment project.

Abstract Sandia National Laboratories, under the direction of the Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Justice, conducted the chemical facility vulnerability assessment (CFVA) project. The primary objective of this project was to develop, test and validate a vulnerability assessment methodology (VAM) for determining the security of chemical facilities against terrorist or criminal attacks (VAM-CF™). The project also included a report to the Department of Justice for Congress that in addition to describing the VAM-CF™ also addressed general observations related to security practices, threats and risks at chemical facilities and chemical transport. In the development of the VAM-CF™ Sandia leveraged the experience gained from the use and development of VAs in other areas and the input from the chemical industry and Federal agencies. The VAM-CF™ is a systematic, risk-based approach where risk is a function of the severity of consequences of an undesired event, the attack potential, and the likelihood of adversary success in causing the undesired event. For the purpose of the VAM-CF™ analyses Risk is a function of S, LA, and LAS, where S is the severity of consequence of an event, LA is the attack potential and LAS likelihood of adversary success in causing a catastrophic event. The VAM-CF™ consists of 13 basic steps. It involves an initial screening step, which helps to identify and prioritize facilities for further analysis. This step is similar to the prioritization approach developed by the American Chemistry Council (ACC). Other steps help to determine the components of the risk equation and ultimately the risk. The VAM-CF™ process involves identifying the hazardous chemicals and processes at a chemical facility. It helps chemical facilities to focus their attention on the most critical areas. The VAM-CF™ is not a quantitative analysis but, rather, compares relative security risks. If the risks are deemed too high, recommendations are developed for measures to reduce the risk. This paper will briefly discuss the CFVA project and VAM-CF™ process.
Association of sexual abstinence in adolescence with mental health in adulthood.

We examined whether adolescent sexual abstinence predicts better adult mental health. A total of 1,917 adolescents, recruited from middle schools at age 13, were surveyed at ages 13, 18, 23, and 29. In bivariate analyses, adolescent sexual abstinence was associated with better mental health at age 29 for females, but not for males; three adolescent factors, educational prospects, family bonding, and unconventionality, were investigated as explanatory variables of this relationship. The abstinence–mental health relationship was nonsignificant when educational prospects were included in multivariate models, and was marginally significant when family bonding and unconventionality were included; all three explanatory factors accounted for significant proportions of the variance in adult mental health. Girls who are uninvolved in school, have weak family backgrounds, and exhibit unconventionality may have poor adult mental health, whether or not they abstain from sex in adolescence. Interventions that strength...
“Local Rules” Theory Applied to Polyomavirus Polymorphic Capsid Assemblies

Abstract The papovaviruses are nonenveloped dsDNA viruses whose capsids are characterized by a non-quasi-equivalent bonding pattern in which 72 pentameric capsomeres occupy positions having either five or six neighboring capsomeres. The local rules theory of Berger et al. (1994, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 7732–7736), previously developed to explain aspects of icosahedral capsid assembly, has been applied to the papovavirus geometry. Local rules describe capsid symmetry patterns in terms of the local interactions of assembly units, such as coat proteins or capsomeres. Polymorphic assemblies, including T = 1 icosahedral, dodecahedral, spiral, and tubular structures of the polyomavirus VP1 protein, can be induced by specific mutations or changes in the solvent conditions during in vitro assembly of the recombinant coat protein. Local rules models were developed to model the wild-type capsid and several polymorphic assemblies. Some assemblies corresponded to structures modeled by small deviations from wild-type local rules. We conclude that aspects of polyomavirus assembly are consistent with local rules models, although they do not explain all polymorphisms. These results may provide insights into the nature of papovavirus assembly, constraints on assembly pathways, and strategies for disrupting assembly.
A quantitative and highly sensitive luciferase-based assay for bacterial toxins that inhibit protein synthesis.

Inhibition of protein synthesis is a common mechanism by which bacterial and plant toxins injure human cells. Examples of toxins that inhibit protein synthesis include shiga toxins of Escherichia coli, diphtheria toxin, Pseudomonas exotoxin A and the plant toxin ricin. In order to facilitate studies on toxin pathogenesis and to enable screening for inhibitors of toxin action, a quantitative and highly sensitive assay for the action of these toxins on mammalian cells was developed. The cDNA encoding destabilized luciferase was cloned into an adenoviral expression plasmid and a high-titre viral stock was prepared. Following transduction of Vero cells, luciferase expression was found to be linear with respect to viral multiplicity of infection. Luciferase expression by as few as 10 cells was readily detected. Treatment of transduced cells with either cycloheximide or shiga toxin resulted in a decrease in luciferase activity, with a half-life ranging from 1 to 2 h. Inhibition of luciferase expression was evident at toxin concentrations as low as 1 pg ml−1. The assay was adapted for use in 24-, 96- and 384-well plates, enabling rapid processing of large numbers of samples. Using this approach, susceptibility of Vero, Hep2, Chang, A549, COS-1 and HeLa cells to three different toxins was determined. These results demonstrate that the luciferase-based assay is applicable to the study of numerous cell types, is quantitative, highly sensitive and reproducible. These features will facilitate studies on pathophysiology of toxin-mediated diseases and allow high-throughput screening for inhibitors of cytotoxicity.
Evaluation of Laser Hazards to the Eye and the Skin

Abstract Laser eye and skin hazards are evaluated by comparing direct-exposure intensity levels on the surface of the eye or skin to exposure guidelines equal to (a) threshold effect levels where the skin or cornea is affected and (b) conservatively safe levels based on worst case assumptions where the retina is affected. Equations are presented for calculating the exposure intensity when the laser beam parameters and the range are known. Intensity amplification factors of the eye are indicated for the three cases encountered in practice: (a) where simple geometric optics apply, (b) where the laser beam divergence angle is limiting, and (c) where Fraunhofer diffraction effects are limiting. Diffraction effects predict the maximum eye intensity amplification and hence define the worst case for retinal exposure. The resultant exposure guidelines are summarized, and estimates are made of the associated safety factors. These exposure guidelines quickly identify problem areas that may require more complicated ...
Effect of surface cleaning and functionalization of nanotubes on gas adsorption

We present adsorption isotherm results for methane at $77\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ on multiwalled carbon nanotubes exposed to oxygen plasma for varying periods of time. We found a sharpening of the adsorption steps in the high pressure region of isotherms measured on nanotubes exposed to oxygen plasma for $24\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{h}$. Transmission electron microscopy characterization and Raman spectroscopic measurements performed on the nanotube samples provide evidence that the appearance of the step is a consequence of surface modification of the nanotubes resulting from the removal of amorphous carbon, generation of defects, and surface functionalization of the nanotubes due to prolonged plasma exposure. Our results suggest that application of this procedure could lead to tunable nanotube surfaces with controllable adsorption properties.
Immunoperoxidase technique for detecting spirochetes in tissue sections: comparison with other methods.

Background With the increasing incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and immunosuppressive therapy, the incidence of syphilis has been increasing. Given the fact that the above conditions may mask or obscure the usual clinical signs and symptoms of syphilis, a means of enhanced detection is essential. Aims methods The purpose of this study was to determine whether an immunoperoxidase method using an antibody against treponemes would increase the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis in biopsies of patients with secondary syphilis. This was compared to serology and silver stain in cases of known syphilis. Results Immunoperoxidase for treponemes was at least as sensitive (9/10) as pathology (9/10), and more sensitive than conventional silver stain (6/10) or serology (7/10). Conclusions In those equivocal cases of secondary syphilis, where confirmation is essential, immunoperoxidase for treponemes may be a useful adjunct.
IDEOLOGY AND RELIGIOUS PARODY IN THE NOVELS OF LEOPOLDO ALAS

Leopoldo Alas was mockingly critical of most of the intellectual tendencies of his time. In his two novels, La Regenta and Su unico hijo, the exposure of the failings of ideas and dogmas constitute...
Immunotherapy of lung cancer with Corynebacterium parvum

Thirty-one patients with inoperable carcinoma of the lung, excluding oat-cell carcinoma, were randomized to receive either chemotherapy alone, with methyl CCNU and vinblastine every 6–8 weeks (15 Pts) or such chemotherapy plus immunotherapy with IV infusions of Corynebacterium parvum (16 Pts). Prior duration of the disease was longer, and more patients had received previous therapy, in the immunotherapy group; these groups were otherwise very similar. In vitro lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin did not change significantly in either group, but the weaker response to Varidase declined in both groups after chemotherapy. An increased baseline level of circulating B lymphocytes was sharply reduced in the C. parvum group. There were no differences in γ-globulins or delayed skin test responses between immunotherapy and control patients at entry into this study or on follow-up. Median survival from entry was longer in the immunotherapy group (6 months) than in the control group (3 months), but this difference was not statistically significant and only two patients in each group lived for more than 11 months. It is conceivable that more benefit from C. parvum might have been recorded had more effective chemotherapy been available.
Airway management in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

Objectives/Hypothesis: In patients who present with advanced anaplastic thyroid cancer, airway management is difficult because of bilateral vocal cord paralysis or tracheal invasion by the tumor. Airway management can be extremely complex in these patients. Study Design: This is the author's 25 year experience with 30 patients who presented with anaplastic thyroid cancer and acute airway problems. Methods: The patients' airway issues developed soon after presentation or a few months after treatment. Ten patients presented with initial symptoms of acute airway distress. All of these patients were treated with tracheostomy or cricothyrotomy. Results: The 10 patients who presented with initial symptoms of acute airway distress died within 4 months. Eight of the remaining 20 patients developed bilateral vocal cord paralysis. Airway management for these patients depended on the extent of distant disease and the family's understanding of the advanced nature of the disease and the palliative efforts. The remaining patients had a palliative and supportive approach. Conclusions: Airway management was the most critical issue in patients who presented with anaplastic thyroid cancer and initial airway distress. Cricothyrotomy was helpful in avoiding acute airway catastrophe. It is important to distinguish between poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancer and lymphoma for appropriate airway management.
Managed exchange rate regime: The case of the new Taiwan dollar/U.S. dollar

Abstract This article examines the foreign exchange market in Taiwan during its floating exchange rate period (1979–1992). In the late 1980s, the N.T. dollar appreciated by 40 percent relative to the U.S. dollar, and the central bank in Taiwan accumulated the largest foreign exchange reserves in the world. This recent experience in Taiwan hence provides a particularly interesting case for the study of the managed exchange rate regime. The paper will first test if there is a statistically significant excess return in holding the N.T. dollar assets, and then examine empirically if there is a relationship between the excess return and the central bank intervention behavior.
Vibrational spectra of p-chlorobenzaldehyde and its deuterated derivatives

Abstract The vibrational modes of parachlorobenzaldehyde are assigned using infrared and Raman spectra, valence force field calculations of normal coordinates, and deuteration effects. Low temperature and isotopic studies show that the band at 310 cm −1 previously observed as a single band is a closely spaced doublet. One component is assigned as the out-of-plane CCl wagging mode, the other as a mixed CClCHO in-plane bending deformation. A feature of the spectra in all the isotopic parachlorobenzaldehydes is an intense doublet in the 1700 cm −1 region interpreted as Fermi resonance between a combination band and the carbonyl stretching mode.
Structural Variation of Dinuclear Transition Metal Compounds with a Common Type of Ligand: Solid State and Solution Structures and Model Studies

The structural properties of the four-coordinate dinickel(II) and the (4 + 1)-coordinate dicopper(II) compounds of two bis(diamine-diamide) ligands, based on the condensation of 1,8-diamino-3,6-dia...
Clinical Diagnosis of Pulmonary Hypertension

There has been an increased recognition of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in clinical practice over the past 30 years. It is likely that this rise in PH diagnoses is attributable to multiple factors, including increased awareness by clinicians, the routine use of diagnostic tools such as Doppler echocardiography, and the availability and marketing of the many PH-specific drugs.1 Although the increased awareness of the disease should be viewed as a favorable development, the unintended consequences include overdiagnosis, misclassification, and at times indiscriminate use of expensive, PH-specific drugs. In this review, we address the epidemiology, prognosis, and updated clinical classification of PH. We then focus on the diagnostic approach to the patient with suspected PH with an emphasis placed on highlighting key pearls for the clinician to consider. Finally, we review an evolving conceptual framework of viewing the pulmonary vasculature and the right ventricle as a single, coupled cardiopulmonary unit. The exact prevalence of PH in both the United States and the world is not known. The most common cause of PH in the United States is left heart failure (including both heart failure with preserved and reduced systolic function) and, depending on the definition of PH used, PH may be present in upwards of 83% of patients with heart failure.2 Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) on the other hand remains a generally rare disease with estimates of prevalence ranging from between 5 to 15 cases per 1 million adults.3,4 Clinical practice suggests that there has been an evolution in the phenotype of patients referred to specialty centers for the diagnosis and management of PH of all types, including PAH. Registries have provided important information about the epidemiology and changes in the PAH phenotype that have been observed over the past decades. These include changes in age, sex, …
Population frequencies of tyrosine hydroxylase restriction fragment length polymorphisms in bipolar affective disorder.

Linkage studies have demonstrated two distinct genetic forms of familial bipolar affective disorder with locations near chromosome 11~15 (Egeland et al. 1987) and chromosome Xq27 (Reich et al. 1969; Baron et al. 1987; Mendlewicz et al. 1987). What proportion of familial bipolar illness can be attributed to these two loci is unknown. Indeed, several families have been described in which linkage to these loci can be ruled out (~tera-Wadleigh et al. 1987; Hodgkinson et al. 1987). ley et al. 1987) provides the tools to investigate DNA polymorphisms that may be associated with this gene.
DEVELOPMENT OF INTERACTIVE PATIENT‐BASED MULTIMEDIA COMPUTER PROGRAMS IN VETERINARY ORTHOPEDIC RADIOLOGY

Three computerized multimedia programs on large and small animal veterinary orthopedic radiology were developed and implemented for the radiology curriculum as an alternative to traditional film-based laboratory learning. Programs utilized “hot words” (colored text words that displayed an overlaid image label that highlighted lesions) and interactive quizzes which responded appropriately to selected answers. “Hot words” helped students develop confidence in accurate lesion detection and the interactive quizzes transformed learning from a passive to an active process. Multiple examples were provided for reinforcement and concepts were incorporated from other clinical disciplines for curriculum integration. Programs were written using a presentation software program, Toolbook® for DOS based platform, and contained radiographic images made by laser-scanning digitization. Multiple students could simultaneously access the programs through a network server. These pilot programs were implemented successfully and computerized multimedia presentation proved to be well suited to teaching radiology. Development of the programs required attention to a number of hardware, software, time and cost factors.
When Infants Lose Exclusive Maternal Attention: Is It Jealousy?

To characterize infant reactions to jealousy evocation, 94 6-month-olds and their mothers were videotaped in an episode where the mothers directed positive attention toward a lifelike doll, and in 2 contrasting interactions: face-to-face play and a still-face perturbation. Cross-context comparisons of affects and behaviors revealed that jealousy evocation responses were distinguished by diminished joy and heightened anger and intensity of negative emotionality, comparable to levels displayed during the still-face episode; heightened sadness, with durations exceeding those displayed during still-face exposure; and an approach response consisting of interest, looks at mother, and diminished distancing, which was more pronounced than that demonstrated during play. Infants' heightened anger and sadness during jealousy evocation correlated with heightened maternal sensitivity and dyadic vocal turn-taking, respectively, during play; and infants' diminished joy and interest during jealousy evocation were associa...
Congressional Attacks on Supreme Court Rulings Involving Unconstitutional State Laws

In recent years scholars of both the Supreme Court and the Congress have begun to devote increasing attention to congressional attempts to reverse Court decisions declaring federal statutes unconstitutional, while Court decisions involving state laws have not garnered nearly the same amount of attention. We know that the Court strikes down state laws with far greater frequency than federal laws and that many of the most contentious issues facing the Supreme Court, the Congress, and the nation have arisen at the state level. It is our purpose to develop a model of congressional decision reversal action regarding all state laws declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court from 1953 through 1990. Using both probit and regression models we find that the electoral concerns of members of Congress, the nature of the issue the Court addresses and the degree of federal govern mental impact of the Court decision are all significant predictors of both the likelihood of a response and the extent of the congressiona...
Observation of query pulse length dependent Ramsey interference in rubidium vapor using pulsed Raman excitation

We report observation of query pulse length dependent Ramsey interference (QPLD-RI), using pulsed Raman excitation in rubidium vapor. This is observed when a long, attenuated query pulse is used during pulsed Raman excitation. We explain the physical mechanism behind the QPLD-RI using a Bloch vector model. We also use numerical solutions to time-dependent density matrix equations to simulate this interference effect, showing qualitative agreement with experimental results. Presence of such interference could create a potential source of error in a vapor cell Raman clock constructed using frequency-domain Ramsey interference (FDRI).
Chemical analysis of composite precipitate in aged Al-Li-Zr alloys by an atom-probe field-ion microscope

Atom-probe field-ion microscopy has been used to analyze chemical compositions in composite precipitates formed in Al-3Li-0.12Zr (wt pct) alloy that had been aged at 200 C for 50 min. The at. pct average compositions are found to be: (1) Al-12Li-23Zr in the beta-prime precipitate; (2) Al-44.5Li1.1Zr in the delta-prime precipitate; and (3) Al-9Li in the matrix. Direct evidence is therefore adduced for the formation of a beta-prime core containing some Li atoms. 12 refs.
Elektrolumineszenz von CdS-Einkristallen. I. Experimentelle Ergebnisse

Es wird uber die Elektrolumineszenz (EL) von CdS-Einkristallen im elektrischen Gleichfeld berichtet. Anhand photographischer Aufnahmen werden die bei verschiedenen Stromstarken auftretenden Formen der EL beschrieben. Es tritt kanal- oder flachenformige grune Lumineszenz und punktformig scharf lokalisierte gelbe Lumineszenz auf. Die Abhangigkeit der EL von der Realstruktur und der Feldverteilung, insbesondere auch im Zusammenhang mit elektro-optischen Effekten, und die spektrale Verteilung der grunen EL werden untersucht. The electroluminescence (EL) of CdS single crystals in d.-c. fields has been investigated. Various types of EL are found, depending on the current, and they are here described with the aid of photographs. The authors have observed channel- and spot-like green luminescence and strongly localised dots of yellow luminescence. The dependence of the EL on crystal imperfections and on the field distribution, particularly in relation to electro-optical effects, are studied. The spectral distribution of the green EL has also been measured.
The TYA Contract: A Social Contractarian Understanding of Obligations between Theatre for Young Audiences Companies and their Constituents

This article argues that viewing the relationships between American TYA companies and their constituents through the lens of Social Contract Theory explicates the normally implicit yet mutually understood agreements these parties enter into. A contractarian perspective reveals a complex and inequitable web of expectations and notes that the parties exert variable levels of power and control over each other depending on their access to capital. This diachronic analysis of 3 case studies suggests that TYA companies' constituents, both past and present, expect them to serve as pedagogues; that is, they expect TYA to teach children about theatre and aesthetics, social development, diversity, and traditional academic curricula. These constituents also expect companies to construct childhood in a manner that aligns with the paradigms of the dominant class, to make their productions widely accessible, and to serve as community leaders. TYA companies in turn expect their constituents to invest (fiscally and other...
Stationary Markovian equilibrium in overlapping generation models with stochastic nonclassical production and Markov shocks

Abstract This paper provides new sufficient conditions for the existence and computation of Markovian equilibrium for a large class of OLG models with Markov shocks to production. The economies considered allow for a very large class of “reduced-form” production functions, including those that are nonclassical, encompassing stochastic OLG models with social security, income redistribution policies, taxation, valued fiat money, production nonconvexities, and monopolistic competition. Our approach combines aspects of both topological and order theoretic fixed point theory and provides globally stable successive approximations algorithms for computing extremal Markovian equilibrium objects.