cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Constructing mental models of machines from text and diagrams.

Abstract Readers′ comprehension and eye-fixations are monitored as they read descriptions of simple machines, pulley systems. The comprehension data indicate that readers′ comprehension depends on both the medium of instruction and the ability of the reader. The conjunction of text and diagrams particularly facilitated the understanding of how the pulley system moved, whereas either medium alone was sufficient for conveying the system configuration. The eye-fixation data indicate that subjects integrate the information in the text and diagram at the level of individual pulley-system components or groups of connected components. They read the text in increments, often rereading the information about a component or group of components before constructing a spatial mental model of these components with the aid of the diagram. Subjects′ diagram inspections vary from local inspections concerned with encoding the relations between two or three components to global inspections concerned with integrating the relations between many components.
Composition and structure of nanocrystalline Fe and Mn oxide cave deposits: Implications for trace element mobility in karst systems

Abstract Fe and Mn oxides are ubiquitous, highly reactive minerals in the environment which often control the distribution and speciation of trace elements in soils and aquatic systems. Pautler Cave in Southwest Illinois contains Fe and Mn oxide deposits with properties that differ spatially and temporally. Two depositional environments exist in the cave: Fe and Mn precipitation where anoxic groundwater enters the oxic cave passage (seep deposition) and direct deposition from the cave stream. Seep waters have higher concentrations of Ca2+, Fe2+, and Mn2+, lower pH, and lower O2(aq) concentrations relative to stream waters. In addition, seep waters have nearly constant δ18O values that are similar to the yearly average of local precipitation, whereas cave stream waters have more erratic δ18O values and appear to be influenced by seasonal variations of δ18O in rainfall. These differences suggest that the seep water source has a longer residence time in the subsurface than the cave stream water. Fe oxides are solely found as seep deposits whereas Mn oxides are deposited both by groundwater seepage and cave streams. Freshly precipitated Fe oxides are composed of ferrihydrite and filamentous material consistent with biomineralization structures of the microbial genera Gallionella and Leptothrix. Mn oxide minerals consist of 7 and 10 A phyllomanganates having a range of three dimensional order. Mn oxide samples show a greater heavy metal and trace element content compared to Fe oxides, and Mn oxides deposited by cave streams have higher concentrations of metals than Mn oxide seep deposits. In addition, phyllomanganate particle morphologies and crystallinity display a compositional dependence, with platelet size and phyllomanganate sheet stacking-order decreasing with increasing Ba and trace element content and decreasing Ca content; these properties also appear to correlate with dissolved Mn(II) in the source water. These observations suggest that Fe and Mn oxide minerals in oxic cave systems affect trace element concentrations in carbonate-fed springs, and illustrate a previously unrecognized limitation on the transport of inorganic nutrients and contaminants in karst aquifers.
Adventitious shoot formation from leaf explants of Rhododendron

A protocol for high frequency adventitious shoot regeneration adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf explants of Rhododendron spp. has been developed. The highest percentage of regeneration and the greatest number of shoots were obtained when leaf explants were cultured on Anderson's medium containing 4.9 μM IBA and 73.8 μM 2iP. Genotypic variation was observed for adventitious shoot regeneration potential among the seven cultivars tested. Regeneration frequencies ranged from 0 to 96%. ‘Lodestar’ had the highest rate of regeneration after 3 months of culture with 96% shoot regeneration and an average of 14 shoots per explant. Regenerated shoots were rooted in soil in about 2 months. This protocol should be useful in applying gene transfer techniques to Rhododendron improvement.
Vibrations of the guinea pig organ of Corti in the apical turn.

Abstract Vibrations of the organ of Corti were measured in response to sound applied to the ear in the apical turn of a living guinea pig. Measurements were made at 29 points on the Reissner’s membrane (RM) at 10 μ spacing along a radial track. Measurements also included 22 points on the reticular lamina (RL), Claudius’ cells and osseous spiral lamina. Our goal was to characterize the vibration of the RM and the RL with high spatial resolution along a radial axis. The tuning and spatial patterns of the RM are compared in the radial direction with those for the RL at the fundamental frequency and at the second harmonic. The shape of the RM tuning curve changes with radial position, and differ significantly from those observed at the RL. These results support our earlier findings (Hao and Khanna, Hear. Res. 99 (1996) 176–189).
New Drugs for the Treatment of Myelofibrosis

Managing patients with myelofibrosis (MF)—either those with primary MF or those whose MF has evolved from antecedent polycythemia vera or essential thrombocythemia—presents many challenges to the hematologist. Cure is potentially achievable through allogeneic stem cell transplantation, but this therapy is either inappropriate or not feasible for most patients. MF patients suffer from a range of debilitating disease manifestations (eg, massive splenomegaly, cytopenias, constitutional symptoms, and transformation to a treatment-refractory blast phase). Currently available therapies are palliative but can be of significant value to some MF patients for anemia, splenomegaly, or sometimes both manifestations. New medical therapies for MF revolve around three main themes: immunomodulation (to assist anemia), hypomethylation strategies, and (the most robust pipeline) the use of targeted JAK2 inhibitors. These latter agents have shown the ability to improve MF-associated splenomegaly and MF-associated symptoms but do not improve (and may exacerbate) anemia or thrombocytopenia. Future targeted agents, and perhaps combinations of agents that currently show complementary benefits, are anticipated to further enhance the efficacy of medical therapy for MF.
The cascade model for multiple-pair creation in strong fields

Using computational quantum field theory we study the spontaneous breakdown process of the matter vacuum triggered by a strong external force field. We focus on the time scales that determine the creation of multiple electron-positron pair states. We show how the Pauli exclusion principle affects the creation probabilities of states with more than one pair. In the long time limit the evolution of these probabilities can be approximated by a simple cascade model. This model predicts a consecutive excitation from states with lower number of particles to those with a higher number of particles.
Advances and trends in hydrokinetic turbine systems

Abstract An emerging class of renewable energy technology, the hydrokinetic conversion device (HCD), offers ways to capture the energy of flowing water without the impoundment or diversion of the conventional hydroelectric facilities based on dams and penstocks. Hydrokinetic technologies are designed for deployment in natural streams, like rivers, tidal estuaries, ocean currents, and also in some constructed waterways (e.g. canals). In ocean-energy deployment, hydrokinetic conversion devices can be flexibly arranged into multi-unit arrays, which would extract energy from tidal and marine currents basically in the same way as a wind farm. This article focuses on recent advances and trends in hydrokinetic system development that may lead to a feasible future scenario for hydrokinetic power. The basic principles of HCDs are explained, and early experiences in the field described. With the help of technical reports, papers, proceedings and websites, we then review existing and emerging technologies in the HCD field. Innovation in mooring, and power transmission systems are also covered.
Aligning career ladders and the company vision.

Having clearly defined job descriptions and career paths benefits both biotech companies and their employees.
Characterization, modeling, and design of dielectric resonators based on thin ceramic tape

A novel developmental material for dielectric resonators has been characterized for use in microwave hybrid circuits. The material is in the form of a thin tape laminated on a conventional 96 alumina substrate. Significantly different experimental methods had to be employed for material characterization in the low frequency (10 KHz - 50 MHz) and high frequency (100 MHz 2 GHz) regions. Because the new material is in the form of a thin tape to properly characterize the tape it was necessary to separate the tape and substrate materials with a buried ground plane. Such separation was achieved by using a buried ground plane layer. A 1. 75 GHz microwave filter based on a dielectric tape fully integrated with the substrate was built using standard hybrid processes and thick film conductors. A good correlation was achieved between experimental results and computer modelling data.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Correlation of Monterey Shale to Paleo-Oceanographic and Paleoclimatic Events: ABSTRACT

Three distinct oxygen isotope events, which appear to record successive stages in the growth of the east Antarctic ice sheet, have been identified and dated paleomagnetically in middle and upper Miocene sediments from the Pacific Ocean. These stages are as follows: (1) late Magnetic Epoch 15 to early Magnetic Epoch 12 (c. 15 to 12 m.y.B.P.); (2) early Magnetic Epoch 11 (c. 11 m.y.B.P.); and (3) early Magnetic Epoch 6 (c. 6.7 m.y.B.P.). An additional slight cooling is recorded in Magnetic Epoch 10 at c. 10 m.y.B.P. These events can be tied to changes in paleo-oceanography, paleobiogeography, and opal accumulation in the Pacific Ocean, and, in turn, can be identified in the Monterey. The initiation of the east Antarctic ice sheet at c. 14 to 12 m.y.B.P., and its attendant c anges in surface circulation and paleoproductivity, is correlated to the beginning of the Monterey Shale. In addition to the beginning of massive opal accumulation along the California coast, increased silica accumulation in the equatorial Pacific is noted. This is accompanied by changes in diatom communities marking the beginning of present-day circulation patterns. The role of the Southern Ocean as an arbiter in the Miocene and Pliocene silica budget is noted and discussed. End_of_Article - Last_Page 908------------
Survey of audiologic service provision to older adults with cochlear implants.

Purpose This study examined whether audiologists modify practice patterns in their provision of cochlear implant (CI) services to older adults and, if so, whether the nature of such modifications i...
Legionella bozemanii. Still another cause of pneumonia.

LEGIONELLA bozemanii was first isolated from lung tissue by Bozeman in 1959. The isolate came from a healthy scuba diver in Florida with fatal bronchopneumonia and was termed WIGA . 1 A second isolate, MI-15, was recovered in 1979 from lung tissue from a patient with lymphatic leukemia in whom a fulminant pneumonia developed after submersion in brackish swamp water. 2 In both cases, the organism was recovered on charcoal yeast extract (CYE) by guinea pig inoculation. Testing of the patient's serum sample with indirect fluorescent antibody (FA) showed an increase in antibody titer against both the MI-15 and WIGA isolates. Genetic and antigenic studies subsequently showed that the two isolated belonged to the same species. The proposed species name was L bozemanii . 3 In addition, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, found serologic evidence of the association of L bozemanii in ten other cases of community-acquired pneumonia. 4 Immunofluorescent
A test of the "hired gun" hypothesis in psychiatric testimony.

A sample of 255 psychiatrists and psychologists responded to a questionnaire designed to elicit the extent of their experience as defense or prosecution witnesses in criminal determinations of insanity. Prior defense experience correlated .78 with prior prosecution experience, suggesting that experts cannot readily be classified as working exclusively for the defense or for the prosecution.
Effects of procainamide on automatic and triggered impulse initiation in isolated preparations of canine cardiac Purkinje fibers.

The effects of procainamide (40 mg/L) were studied on automatic and triggered impulse initiation in isolated preparations of canine cardiac Purkinje fibers using standard microelectrode techniques. Procainamide decreased normal automaticity by 48% in Purkinje fibers superfused with standard (KCl 4 mM) Tyrode's solution. In contrast, procainamide decreased the rate of normal Purkinje fibers that had been treated with isoproterenol (1 microM) by only 6% (NS). For comparison, the effects of lidocaine (4 mg/L) and quinidine (5 mg/L) were studied on isoproterenol-treated fibers. Lidocaine and quinidine both significantly decreased the isoproterenol-enhanced rate of normal automaticity (by 45 and 10%, respectively). In studies of the effects of procainamide on Purkinje fibers with abnormal automaticity (i.e., the pacemakers had maximal diastolic potentials less than -60 mV), it was found that drug treatment decreased the rate of 24 h infarct zone Purkinje fibers by 22% and barium chloride (250 microM) treated Purkinje fibers by 51%. In studies of another five infarct zone preparations, the Purkinje fibers had maximal diastolic potentials greater than -75 mV and showed triggered activity with delayed afterdepolarizations. Procainamide decreased the triggered activity in only one of these preparations. Ventricular tachycardias that respond to procainamide may be caused by abnormal automaticity, whereas procainamide refractory tachycardias may result from triggered activity or from catecholamine-enhanced normal automaticity.
Inflammation and Coagulation: Implications for the Septic Patient

Sepsis with acute organ dysfunction (severe sepsis) is common, frequently fatal, and associated with a significant national health/economic burden. In addition to standard care, investigators have focused on interrupting the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cascade associated with this disease. Unfortunately, despite promising preclinical results, interventions directed at the inflammatory elements have not reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. Inflammation and coagulation are tightly linked. In fact, sepsis-associated coagulopathy is almost universal in patients with severe sepsis. Preclinical observations indicate that antithrombotic-targeted therapy has the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with this disease. Treatment with recombinant human activated protein C (drotrecogin a [activated]) was the first antithrombotic-targeted therapy to significantly reduce 28-day all-cause mortality in patients with severe sepsis. The pathophysiological and clinical significance of this evidence and the relationship of coagulation to inflammation are discussed, as are positive and negative results of clinical trials of antithrombotic therapy.
Trafficking in Law: Cause Lawyer, Bureaucratic State and Rights of Human Trafficking Victims in Thailand

AbstractIn this case study of a young, Thai “cause lawyer”, advocacy for human rights is considered in context. The most important elements of that context are the path of development of Thai political and legal institutions, globalisation of law, and the networks of relationships that penetrate the state. The case study shows that human rights advocacy by NGO lawyers can adapt creatively to unpromising conditions under which courts provide little access or oversight. At the same time, the case study raises profound questions about the ultimate independence of cause lawyers when the state must be made a partner in order to establish the authority of law needed to make human rights advocacy possible. The ambiguity of the lawyer’s position is apparent from the relative ineffectiveness of her interventions and her growing moral authority on behalf of best practices under law. Her position suggests the limitations on law imposed by the underpinnings of the Thai state itself.
Tissue specific HPV expression and downregulation of local immune responses in condylomas from HIV seropositive individuals.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of tissue specific human papillomavirus (HPV) expression and its effect on local immunity in condylomas from HIV positive individuals. METHODS: Biopsy specimens of eight penile and eight perianal condylomas from HIV seropositive individuals were analysed. Expression of viral genes (HIV-tat and HPV E7 and L1) was determined by RT-PCR. The status of local immunity also was determined by RT-PCR by measuring CD4, CD8, CD16, CD1a, HLA-DR, and HLA-B7 mRNA levels in the tissues. Differentiation was determined by measuring involucrin, keratinocyte transglutaminase, as well as cytokeratins 10, 16, and 17. Proliferation markers such as PCNA and c-myc were also determined. RESULTS: The transcription pattern of HPV in perianal condylomas, which preferentially expressed the early (E7) gene, was different from that of penile condylomas, which primarily expressed the late (L1) gene. This transcription pattern is in good correlation with the keratinisation and differentiation patterns of the two epithelia: perianal biopsies preferentially expressed K16 and K17 while penile warts mainly expressed K10, markers of parakeratotic and orthokeratotic epithelia, respectively. Perianal biopsies also showed a higher degree of proliferation (PCNA and c-myc). Interestingly, transcription of HIV-tat was also higher in perianal than in penile biopsies. A high degree of local immunodeficiency was observed in perianal biopsies--that is, levels of CD4, CD16, and CD1a mRNAs were significantly lower. A negative correlation between CD1a (Langerhans cells) levels and HPV E7 levels was established. HPV E7 levels positively correlated with HIV-tat levels. Perianal tissues demonstrated more CD1a depression and tat associated HPV upregulation. CONCLUSION: HIV influences the expression of HPV genes resulting in local immunosuppression that might lead to an inappropriate immune surveillance of viral infection. Also, tissue type is an important factor in controlling viral transcription in a differentiation dependent manner. These findings may explain the higher rate of dysplasia and neoplasia in the perianal area.
Propagation of normal zones in thermally insulated superconductors

Scherer and Turowski [1] recently measured the propagation velocity of normal zones in superconductors thermally insulated by silicon grease. They compared their results with the theory of Cherry and Gittleman [2] and that of Broom and Rhoderick [3] and concluded, “It is difficult to find agreement with our results.” The theory predicts infinite propagation velocity at the critical current, whereas “the experiments show very clearly a finite velocity.” This difficulty is more apparent than real and is caused by comparing the experiments with a formula based on a sudden transition from the superconducting to the normal state. The calculations of Altov, Kremlev, Sytchev, and Zenkevitch [4], which take current sharing into account, lead to a finite propagation velocity at the critical current. Altov’s results, however, substantially overestimate the propagation velocity measured by Scherer and Turowski. A plausible explanation for this discrepancy is that the theory of Altov et al. is based on constant thermophysical properties. Modification of Altov’s theory by including the temperature dependence of the specific heat and the thermal conductivity only reduces the overestimate but does not eliminate it. The point of this paper is to show that the remaining discrepancy can be removed by making allowance for the contribution of the silicon grease to the heat capacity of the conductor, as suggested earlier by Dresner, Miller, and Donaldson [5].
Discriminating IT Governance

The information technology (IT) governance literature predominantly explains firms’ IT governance choices, but not their strategic consequences. We develop the idea that a firm’s IT governance choices induce adeptness at strategically exploiting IT only when they are discriminatingly aligned with its departments’ knowledge outside their specialty. Discriminating means that governing the two undertheorized classes of IT assets—apps and infrastructure—requires “peripheral” knowledge in different departments. Analyses of data from 105 firms support our middle-range theory.
Sensitivity and insensitivity of breast cancer to tamoxifen

Tamoxifen is the endocrine treatment of choice for breast cancer. In several laboratory models in vivo tamoxifen is a tumoristatic agent. When MCF-7 breast cancer cells are inoculated into athymic mice, palpable tumors do not grow unless the animals are treated with estrogen, and tamoxifen inhibits estrogen-stimulated growth. If tamoxifen is stopped, tumors regrow. These results suggest that adjuvant tamoxifen therapy should involve long treatment periods (even lifetime) to prevent tumor recurrence. Unfortunately resistance to therapy and patient relapse inevitably occur, and such disease recurrence involving tamoxifen resistance is difficult to treat successfully. A laboratory model of endocrine therapy failure has been developed. When athymic mice with MCF-7 tumors are treated for 6–8 months with tamoxifen, several tumors grew and continued to grow in tamoxifen-treated mice. These estrogen receptor-positive tumors grow with either tamoxifen or estradiol. Tamoxifen-stimulated tumor growth has been observed in human endometrial tumors implanted into athymic animals. Growth of these tamoxifen-stimulated tumors can be inhibited with the pure antiestrogen ICI 164,384 upon withdrawal of tamoxifen. These data are discussed in terms of treatment strategies for tamoxifen-failed patients.
Evolution of Aldehyde Reductase: An Immunological Approach to the Relatedness of Aldehyde Reductase from Different Species

Antisera to aldehyde reductase from fruit-fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and chicken were cross-reacted with aldehyde reductase from several species of insects and birds using the technique of microcomplement fixation. Large differences in immunological distances are evident between species of the Class Insecta and of the Class Ayes indicating considerable differences in the amino acid sequences of the aldehyde reductase of these species. Immunological distances for aldehyde reductase between pairs of insect species or bird species when plotted against the immunological distances for transferrin, albumin, lysozyme and α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase for the same pairs of species gave a linear relationship in each case. From these relationships the rate of evolution of aldehyde reductase in terms of a unit evolutionary period (UEP) was calculated to be 12 which agreed favorably with the value previously obtained from compositional comparisons. A UEP of 12 is approximately half that of lactate dehydrogenase and shows that aldehyde reductase is evolving at twice the rate of glycolytic enzymes. This may indicate a relatively non-essential metabolic role for the enzyme.
Optical power transfer and communication methods for wireless implantable sensing platforms

Ultrasmall scale implants have recently attracted focus as valuable tools for monitoring both acute and chronic diseases. Semiconductor optical technologies are the key to miniaturizing these devices to the long-sought sub-mm scale, which will enable long-term use of these devices for medical applications. This can also enable the use of multiple implantable devices concurrently to form a true body area network of sensors. We demonstrate optical power transfer techniques and methods to effectively harness this power for implantable devices. Furthermore, we also present methods for optical data transfer from such implants. Simultaneous use of these technologies can result in miniaturized sensing platforms that can allow for large-scale use of such systems in real world applications.
Transcriptional regulatory properties of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 3C are conserved in simian lymphocryptoviruses.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 3C (EBNA-3C) is a large transcriptional regulator essential for EBV-mediated immortalization of B lymphocytes. We previously identified interactions between EBNA-3C and two cellular transcription factors, Jκ and Spi proteins, through which EBNA-3C regulates transcription. To better understand the contribution of these interactions to EBNA-3C function and EBV latency, we examined whether they are conserved in the homologous proteins of nonhuman primate lymphocryptoviruses (LCVs), which bear a strong genetic and biological similarity to EBV. The homologue of EBNA-3C encoded by the LCV that infects baboons (BaLCV) was found to be only 35% identical in sequence to its EBV counterpart. Of particular significance, this homology localized predominantly to the N-terminal half of the molecule, which encompasses the domains in EBNA-3C that interact with Jκ and Spi proteins. Like EBNA-3C, both BaLCV and rhesus macaque LCV (RhLCV) 3C proteins bound to Jκ and repressed transcription mediated by EBNA-2 through its interaction with Jκ. Both nonhuman primate 3C proteins were also able to activate transcription mediated by the Spi proteins in the presence of EBNA-2. Like EBNA-3C, a domain encompassing the putative basic leucine zipper motif of the BaLCV-3C protein directly interacted with both Spi-1 and Spi-B. Surprisingly, a recently identified motif in EBNA-3C that mediates repression was not identifiable in the BaLCV-3C protein. Finally, although the C terminus of BaLCV-3C bears minimal homology to EBNA-3C, it nonetheless contains a C-terminal domain rich in glutamine and proline that was able to function as a potent transcriptional activation domain, as does the C terminus of EBNA-3C. The conservation of these functional motifs despite poor overall homology among the LCV 3C proteins strongly suggests that the interactions of EBNA-3C with Jκ and Spi do indeed play significant roles in the life cycle of EBV.
Negative differential resistance in two-transistor one-ports with no internal sources

The authors examine the occurrence of negative differential resistance (NDR) in transistor one-ports which contain resistors and only two transistors. Two recent conjectures of L.O. Chua et al. (1984) related to these issues are proved, namely that in such circuits similar types of transistors are required for N-type (voltage-controlled) NDR and complementary types for S-type (current-controlled) NDR behavior. The authors also give necessary topological conditions for achieving biasing of the transistor p-n junctions appropriate for the occurrence of NDR. These then lead to a specification of the minimum number of resistors that must be present in such circuits. >
Techniques for suppression of intercarrier interference in OFDM systems

This paper considers an OFDM system over frequency selective time-varying fading channels. The time variations of the channel during one OFDM frame destroy the orthogonality of different subcarriers and result in power leakage among the subcarriers, known as intercarrier interference (ICI), causing a degradation of system performance. In this paper, channel state information is used to minimize the degradation caused by ICI. A simple and efficient polynomial surface channel estimation technique is proposed to obtain the necessary channel state information. Based on the estimated channel information, we describe a MMSE based OFDM detection technique that reduces the degradation caused by ICI distortion. Performance comparisons between conventional OFDM and the proposed MMSE-based OFDM receiver structures under the same channel conditions are provided in this article. Simulation results of the system performance further confirm the effectiveness of the new technique over the conventional OFDM receiver in suppressing ICI in OFDM systems.
Microneedles and transdermal applications

With the limitations of oral drug delivery and the pain and needle phobias associated with traditional injections, drug delivery research has focused on the transdermal delivery route. A formidable barrier to transdermal drug delivery is the stratum corneum, the superficial layer of the skin. In the last 10 years, microneedles were proposed as a mechanical tool to pierce through the stratum corneum, in order to create drug delivery channels without stimulating underlying pain nerves. Since then, the field of microneedles has rapidly evolved to spawn a plethora of potential transdermal applications. In this review, the authors provide an overview of the progress in microneedle research and design, and the advancements that have been made in employing this technology for transdermal applications.
Long-term interactions of climate, productivity, species richness, and growth form in relictual sagebrush steppe plant communities

Abstract Vegetation trends due to climatic changes are difficult to separate from disturbances caused by varying land uses. To separate climatic influences from livestock grazing and fire disturbances within sagebrush steppe, we compared vegetation structure and productivity during 2 periods (10-year sequences of data from the late 1950s to the late 1960s and 3 years in the early 1990s) at 12 stands within 3 relict areas in or near the Great Rift of southern Idaho. Year-to-year fluctuations in annual net aboveground phytomass accumulation (ANAPA) were considerable in response to varying climate during both periods. More importantly, an apparently significant increase in ANAPA was observed during the latter study period. However, this apparent increase may have been due to the unusually wet conditions of 1993. Throughout both study periods, ANAPA was even more positively correlated with species richness than with precipitation, although both influences were statistically significant. Aggregation of these d...
Wideband Extended Range-Doppler Imaging and Waveform Design in the Presence of Clutter and Noise

This paper presents a group-theoretic approach to address the wideband extended range-Doppler target imaging and design of clutter rejecting waveforms. An exact imaging method based on the inverse Fourier transform of the affine group is presented. A Wiener filter is designed in the affine group Fourier transform domain to minimize wideband clutter range-Doppler reflectivity. The Wiener filter is then used to form an operator to precondition transmitted waveforms to reject clutter. Alternatively, the imaging and clutter rejection methods are equivalently re-expressed to perform clutter suppression upon reception. These methods are coupled with noise suppression upon reception. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach. Our study shows that the framework introduced in this paper can address the joint design of receive and transmit processing, design of clutter rejecting waveforms, suppression of noise, and reduction of computational complexity in receive processing
JMJD1C is required for the survival of acute myeloid leukemia by functioning as a coactivator for key transcription factors

RUNX1-RUNX1T1 (formerly AML1-ETO), a transcription factor generated by the t(8;21) translocation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), dictates a leukemic program by increasing self-renewal and inhibiting differentiation. Here we demonstrate that the histone demethylase JMJD1C functions as a coactivator for RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and is required for its transcriptional program. JMJD1C is directly recruited by RUNX1-RUNX1T1 to its target genes and regulates their expression by maintaining low H3K9 dimethyl (H3K9me2) levels. Analyses in JMJD1C knockout mice also establish a JMJD1C requirement for RUNX1-RUNX1T1's ability to increase proliferation. We also show a critical role for JMJD1C in the survival of multiple human AML cell lines, suggesting that it is required for leukemic programs in different AML cell types through its association with key transcription factors.
Soft errors in advanced computer systems

As the dimensions and operating voltages of computer electronics shrink to satisfy consumers' insatiable demand for higher density, greater functionality, and lower power consumption, sensitivity to radiation increases dramatically. In terrestrial applications, the predominant radiation issue is the soft error, whereby a single radiation event causes a data bit stored in a device to be corrupted until new data is written to that device. This article comprehensively analyzes soft-error sensitivity in modern systems and shows it to be application dependent. The discussion covers ground-level radiation mechanisms that have the most serious impact on circuit operation along with the effect of technology scaling on soft-error rates in memory and logic.
High sample rate systolic architectures for median filters

The author presents high-sample-rate systolic architectures for computing one-dimensional median filters. Two configurations are studied: one in which the samples are stored in order of arrival and one in which the samples are stored in sorted order. The architecture for both cases consists of a linear systolic array of processors. The computations in each processors are pipelined in order to achieve high sample rates. For instance, the sample rate is increased by a factor of 2 (compared to existing architectures) by performing comparisons of elements in window W/sub i/ and rank updates (in the first configuration) or sorting (in the second configuration) of elements in window W/sub i-1/ simultaneously. >
Personal history of gallstones and risk of incident psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in U.S. women

BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome has been associated with both gallstones and psoriasis, suggesting a potential biological linkage between gallstones and psoriasis. However, the association between gallstones and psoriasis has not yet been studied. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between gallstones and psoriasis. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study [Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2005)]. Women aged 25-42 years who were free from psoriasis at baseline and who responded to a 2005 follow-up questionnaire regarding their diagnosis of psoriasis were included (n = 89,230). The relative risk (RR) of developing psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis (PsA), which were self-reported and validated by supplemental questionnaires, was measured. RESULTS In this population, 2206 participants had gallstones confirmed by a history of cholecystectomy at baseline. A total of 642 individuals had a diagnosis of incident psoriasis, of whom 157 had concomitant PsA. After adjusting for known risk factors of psoriasis besides body mass index (BMI), a baseline history of cholecystectomy-confirmed gallstones was associated with increased risk of psoriasis [multivariate-adjusted RR 2·20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·56-3·10] and concomitant PsA (multivariate-adjusted RR 4·41, 95% CI 2·70-7·18). After additionally adjusting for BMI, the fully adjusted RRs associated with a history of cholecystectomy-confirmed gallstones were 1·70 (95% CI 1·20-2·41) for psoriasis and 2·96 (95% CI 1·80-4·89) for PsA. CONCLUSIONS Personal history of gallstones was associated with an increased risk of psoriasis and PsA, independent of obesity, in a cohort of U.S. women.
Plasma angiotensin II levels at moment of drinking during angiotensin II intravenous infusion

Angiotensin II (ANG II) was infused intravenously within an apparent physiological dose range of 10-200 ng.kg-1.min-1 to induce a drinking response in rats. To determine the plasma ANG II level at the moment of drinking, blood samples were collected from the femoral artery at the onset of the drinking response. Control blood samples were obtained in a similar way before infusion. The lowest dose of ANG II did not evoke drinking. Variable water intake in response to 25, 50, and 75 ng ANG II.kg-1.min-1 after a relatively long latency to drink (40-65 min) was observed. All animals showed a drinking response when 100 ng ANG II.kg-1.min-1 or higher doses of ANG II were infused. The latencies to drink were inversely correlated to the dose of ANG II and were as short as 8 min with 200 ng ANG II.kg-1.min-1. Measurement of ANG II in the plasma of drinking rats showed that all concentrations were similar with an average of 458 +/- 58.1 pg/ml. This dipsogenic plasma ANG II level is equivalent to plasma ANG II after 48 h of dehydration. The results show that drinking in response to exogenous intravenous ANG II requires a threshold level to be reached that is equivalent to levels produced by the endogenous renin-angiotensin system when dehydration is prolonged. This suggests that intravenous ANG II is not involved in moment-to-moment fluid homeostasis but operates only when dehydration is severe.
La formation des femmes en France : évolution et paradoxe d’une situation qui perdure

En France, les jeunes femmes affichent un taux de reussite superieur a celui de leurs homologues masculins a tous les niveaux du systeme educatif. Malgre cette superiorite, peu de femmes se specialisent dans des matieres scientifiques pour choisir les disciplines et les professions conformes aux roles traditionnels determines par leur genre. Par ailleurs, encore peu de femmes sont titulaires de diplomes avances, ce qui les empeche d’atteindre un niveau de reussite professionnelle correspondant a leurs capacites. Le ministere francais de l’Education nationale a pris des mesures afin de modifier les mentalites et d’offrir les memes debouches aux hommes et aux femmes, mais les progres demeurent lents.
Reconstruction After Tumor Resection in the Growing Child

Limb preservation surgery has gained acceptance as a viable alternative to amputation for the treatment of extremity bone tumors in the growing child. There are several options for reconstructing the potential loss of a physis and the defect created by tumor excision. Metallic endoprosthesis, massive allograft, and allograft-prosthesis composites have been described in the skeletally immature population. With the development of expandable prostheses, even those far from skeletal maturity may be candidates for limb salvage. However, improvements in the literature are needed, including reporting surgical and functional outcomes in a rigorous manner, specific to age, anatomic location, and reconstruction.
Placement control: a nontraditional risk factor for occupational low back pain

Abstract Purpose of study: As more complex work tasks become more common in the occupational environment, new unexplored factors containing both physical and mental stressors may place workers at risk for low back pain. One such factor is placement control—how specific the box must be placed within a targeted destination. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the load placement control on the biomechanical responses of the lumbar spine. Methods used: Sixty subjects (30 males and 30 females) lifted boxes (weighing 6.8 and 11.4 kg) from a conveyor (sagittally symmetric) and placed them at an asymmetric destination (90 degrees clockwise and 90 degrees counterclockwise). Subjects were required to deliver the loads under two conditions: 1) general placement within the vicinity of a destination target, and 2) precise placement on a target. Individual characteristics, such as gender and personality, were evaluated as potential modifiers of the impact of placement control. An electromyograph assisted biomechanical model evaluated the three-dimensional spinal loads and trunk moments. of findings: Individuals responded to controlled placement by producing faster motions with more awkward postures, increased their muscle coactivity and higher spinal loads. The precise placement task resulted in increases in spinal loads of 160 N of lateral shear, 80 N of anteroposterior shear and 700 N of compression above and beyond the general placement task. Controlled placement was more detrimental to females than males (5% to 10% more). The impact of placement control was also influenced by certain personality traits (3% to 17%). Relationship between findings and existing knowledge: This study has identified a previously unreported risk factor for occupational risk. By requiring workers to precisely position loads, a spine loading cost is incurred as a result of musculoskeletal system compensations such as coactivity and postural adjustments. Overall significance of findings: With the proliferations of more repetitive yet precise materials handling (as in semiautomated product distribution), such factors as precision placement that tax multiple components of the musculoskeletal system may play an important role in occupational risk. Disclosures: No disclosures. Conflict of interest: Kermit Davis, PhD, grant research support: International Society for Biomechanics Dissertation Grant.
Becoming a Mother: The Influence of Motherhood on Women's Identity Development

This qualitative analysis investigated women's experiences of identity change in the process of becoming mothers. Thirty semistructured interviews were completed and the analysis was conducted through a grounded theory framework. The analytic process yielded results that grouped into three overarching themes. The first of these relates to the ways in which women lost themselves for a time while incorporating their children into their identities and reforming their identities. The second theme explores the expansion of the self insofar as women incorporated children into their identities and self-boundaries. The third theme explores ways that women felt that mothering and the close relationships with their children intensified their personalities and identities. Implications for future research are explored.
The Money Supply And The Stock Market

This article examines several stock market trading rules that use publicly available money supply data. None of the rules predicts the future stock market behavior and none provides returns in excess of a comparison buy-and-hold rule. Stock returns are related to current and future money supply changes, however. That is, the stock market anticipates upcoming changes in money supply. Linear regression models that allow foresight of future money supply are able to beat the market. This shows that regression models are powerful enough to produce abnormal returns - if they have non-publicly available information.
The Citizens' Guide to Transportation Reauthorization

Sometime in 2010 or 2011, Congress expects to decide how to spend the $250 billion or more of federal gas taxes and other highway user fees that will be collected over the next six years. The process of doing so is called surface transportation reauthorization. A major point of contention in this law is how much of our transportation system should be centrally planned and how much should be built and operated in response to the needs of actual transportation users. Advocates of top-down planning want to reduce per capita driving by providing disincentives to automobiles, such as increased congestion and driving costs, and funding expensive alternatives such as high-speed rail and rail transit. Even if you believe in the goal of reducing per capita driving, the evidence indicates that these tools have minimal effect on driving and may even be environmentally counterproductive. Advocates of customer-driven transportation want to fund transportation out of user fees, not taxes, and make transportation providers — whether public agencies or private parties — responsive to the needs and desires of those users. Decades of experience have proven that the best way of reducing the environmental costs of transportation is to use new technologies to reduce the impacts per mile of mobility, not to reduce mobility itself. This citizens’ guide presents the basic facts behind these two views.
TIME-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN EXCITABILITY AFTER ONE-TRIAL CONDITIONING OF HERMISSENDA

Crow, Terry and Vilma Siddiqi. Time-dependent changes in excitability after one-trial conditioning of Hermissenda. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 3460–3464, 1997. The visual system of Hermissenda has been st...
Hyphopodia of Buergenerula Spartinae (Ascomycetes): Effect of Environmental Factors and Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio

The hyphopodia of Buergenerula spartinae were studied in culture. The optimum temperature for the formation of hyphopodia was 15 C, and there was no growth at 5 C or 37 C after 14 da. Production of...
Laparoscopic Surgery: Are Multiple Viewing Perspectives Better than one?

Imaging systems are used increasingly in surgical procedures such as laparoscopy. Depth perception is degraded compared with open surgery because the image provided by a laparoscopic camera is two-dimensional and represents a single viewing perspective. One way to compensate for this loss of depth information is with multiple cameras, each providing a different perspective. We measured performance of a pick-and-place task when observers viewed the task environment with three cameras concurrently (top, front, side views) or with one camera. Performance was slower with camera viewing compared with direct viewing and slowest with the side view. Although concurrent presentation of three camera views did not improve performance, observers looked almost exclusively at one of these views (top). Future research should determine whether observers can be trained to use depth information provided by multiple cameras. It is important to determine how to configure imaging systems so that surgical procedures can be opt...
Dan P. McAdams and Ed de St. Aubin. Generativity and Adult Development: How and Why We Care for the Next Generation. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1998.

Erickson a defini le souci de perennite comme un defi psychosocial de milieu de la vie et concernant la survie de la generation suivante. Depuis les quinze dernieres annees, on s'est de nouveau interesse a ce concept et son examen a retenu l'attention de plusieurs disciplines. McAdams et de St. Aubin regroupent des chercheurs imminents, des theoriciens et des praticiens en psychologie, en counselling, en sociologie, en histoire, en philosophie et en arts qui viennent elargir notre comprehension du souci de perennite. Les auteurs de ce livre presentent des idees creatrices et des recherches innovatrices sur les aspects theoriques et appliques du contexte social et historique dans lequel se developpe la question. Ce livre interessera les chercheurs, les theoriciens et les etudiants qui s'interessent au developpement de la duree de vie, a la psychologie de la personnalite, a la psychologie sociale, a la sociologie et a l'anthropologie. Il interessera egalement les praticiens, notamment les psychologues cliniques, les conseillers en pastorale, les travailleurs sociaux et les educateurs.
Research of Enterprise Technological Capabilities' Framework

On the point of view of enterprise technological capabilities' composing,we give out six factors.Those factors are capability of technological identification,capability of technological selection,capability of technological getting,capability of technological acquirement,capability of technological utilization,capability of technological protection and technological storeroom.
Investigation of species of Ixodidae and a new record species of Ixodidae in Hainan province, China

Objective To investigate the species of Ixodidae in Hainan province, China.Methods Ixodidae ticks were picked from the bodies of hosts and taxonomic identification was conducted.Results Twelve species, representing 5 genera of ixodid ticks were collected.Haemaphysalis longicorniswas a new record species of ixodids in Hainan province.Conclusion Further investigation of Ixodidae should be carried out in order to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of tick borne disease.