cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patency and durability of presewn multiple branched graft for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair

Objective The use of an aortic patch containing the visceral and renal arteries is a well-established technique during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair. However, the retained aortic tissue may later become aneurysmal. We reviewed our TAAA repair experience using a presewn aortic branched graft to eliminate this risk. Methods Between March 2003 and December 2008, 52 patients with Crawford extent II and III TAAAs had surgical repair using a presewn aortic branched graft. Postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans with intravenous contrast were available for 41 patients (mean angiographic follow-up 2.3 years). The mean age of these 41 patients was 59 ± 16 years (range, 22-86), and 21 patients were female (51%). The indications for surgery were degenerative aneurysms in 30 patients (73%), type B dissections in 10 patients (24%), and visceral patch aneurysm in 1 patient (2.4%). Twenty-four patients (59%) underwent repair of a Crawford extent II TAAA and 17 patients (41%) had extent III TAAA repair. Results Patency of the branches to the visceral and renal arteries at 1 and 5 years was 100% and 98%, respectively. Of the 148 graft branches, 2 became occluded and 4 developed stenosis (2 patients). One patient required percutaneous stenting of 3 stenosed branches, and 1 patient died after acute occlusion of 2 branches and stenosis of a third. During the follow-up period that extended to 6.3 years, there were 10 late deaths. Six patients required reoperation on the aortic graft or contiguous aorta, but no reoperations have been required on the visceral abdominal aorta or its branches. Conclusion The use of a presewn aortic branched graft is a safe and suitable option for TAAA repair. With midterm follow-up, this technique seems to eliminate the risk of visceral patch aneurysms and results in favorable durability and patency.
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein/thrombospondin 5 supports chondrocyte attachment through interaction with integrins.

Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein/thrombospondin 5 (COMP/TSP5) is a major component of the extracellular matrix of the musculoskeletal system. Although COMP/TSP5 abnormalities are associated with several pathological conditions, its normal function remains unclear. This study was undertaken to delineate the function(s) of COMP/TSP5 in cartilage, especially regarding its interaction with chondrocytes. We show that COMP/TSP5 can support chondrocyte attachment and that the RGD sequence in COMP/TSP5 and the integrin receptors α5β1 and αVβ3 on the chondrocytes are involved in mediating this attachment. The interactions of COMP/TSP5 with the integrins are dependent on COMP/TSP5 conformation. Chondrocyte attachment to COMP/TSP5 in the calcium-replete conformation was inhibited by function-blocking integrin α5 and β1 antibodies, suggesting the involvement of the α5β1 integrin. Under this condition, a function-blocking antibody against αVβ3 did not have any effect on cell attachment. On the other hand, chondrocyte attachment to reduced COMP/TSP5 was instead sensitive to αVβ3 function-blocking antibodies, suggesting that COMP/TSP5 mediates attachment through chondrocyte αVβ3 integrin under this condition. Cell attachment to reduced COMP/TSP5 was not inhibited by β1 antibodies. These data indicate that COMP/TSP5 in different conformations can utilize different integrin receptors. These results are the first to demonstrate that COMP/TSP5 can mediate chondrocyte attachment through interactions with integrins. Through these interactions, COMP/TSP5 may be able to regulate cellular activities and respond to environment in the surrounding cartilage matrix.
Bidding ratios to predict highway project costs

Purpose – Ratios were constructed using bidding data for highway construction projects in Texas to study whether there are useful patterns in project bids that are indicators of the project completion cost. The use of the ratios to improve predictions of completed project cost was studied.Design/methodology/approach – Ratios were calculated relating the second lowest bid, mean bid, and maximum bid to the low bid for the highway construction projects. Regression and neural network models were developed to predict the completed cost of the highway projects using bidding data. Models including the bidding ratios, low bid, second lowest bid, mean bid and maximum bid were developed. Natural log transformations were applied to the data to improve model performance.Findings – Analysis of the bidding ratios indicates some relationship between high values of the bidding ratios and final project costs that deviate significantly from the low bid amount. Addition of the ratios to neural network and regression models ...
Mesulergine, a new dopamine agonist: Effects on anterior pituitary function and kinetics

We investigated the effects of single doses of mesulergine on basal and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-stimulated serum levels of several anterior pituitary hormones in healthy men and defined its kinetics. We also compared the effects on serum prolactin (PRL) levels of three doses (0.1, 0.35, and 0.5 mg) of mesulergine to those in response to 2.5 mg bromocriptine. Secretory rates of PRL before the first dose of TRH were not affected by any dose of mesulergine or bromocriptine. TRH-stimulated PRL secretion was not altered by 0.1 mg mesulergine but was blunted by both the 0.35- and 0.5-mg doses at 10 A.M. and 1 P.M. Bromocriptine inhibited TRH-stimulated PRL secretion at 10 A.M. and 8 P.M. When analyzed as the 8 A.M. to 8 P.M. and the 8 P.M. to 9 A.M. (day 2) intervals, PRL secretion was not changed by 0.1 or 0.35 mg mesulergine but was suppressed during both periods by the 0.5-mg dose. A dose-response relationship was evident, however, between mesulergine and PRL secretion during both the 8 A.M. to 8 P.M. (R2 = 0.27) and the 8 P.M. to 9 A.M (day 2; R2 = 0.18) intervals. Bromocriptine lowered PRL secretion during both intervals. Secretory rates of growth hormone during these intervals were not affected by 0.1 mg or 0.35 mg mesulergine but were increased during both intervals by the 0.5-mg dose. Neither the secretory rates of thyrotropin in response to TRH nor those of cortisol, luteinizing hormone, or follicle-stimulating hormone were changed by 0.1 or 0.35 mg mesulergine. Analysis of mesulergine plasma levels revealed that both AUC and peak concentrations increased in a linear fashion with increasing doses of mesulergine. Although adverse effects after both mesulergine and bromocriptine included orthostasis, nausea, nasal congestion, and headaches, frequency of orthostatic symptoms and nausea was higher after bromocriptine than after mesulergine. Mesulergine appears to inhibit PRL secretion at doses lower than those of bromocriptine and may be associated with less frequent side effects. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1984) 36, 696–703; doi:10.1038/clpt.1984.242
Interrelationships among the ethanolamine phosphatides in myelinating rat brain.

— —The ethanolamine phosphatide fraction was isolated from rat brain at 17, 19, and 22 days of age. Analysis by gas-liquid chromatography of the liberated fatty aldehydes and alkyl glyceryl ethers demonstrated a chain length composition quite distinct from that of the fatty acids in the comparable 1(3)-position of the diacyl phosphatides. [1-14C]-Acetate was administered intraperitoneally to 17-day-old rats. With the exception of the polyunsaturated fatty acids, isotope was readily incorporated into the individual side chains of the 1- and 2-positions of the glycerol moiety. Time studies revealed no readily discernible precursor-product relationships among the linkages in question. Therefore, although the long chain precursors for the alkenyl and alkyl ethers may be related by biosynthetic interconversion, the isotope data are suggestive of independent pathways of biosynthesis for the alkenyl ether, alkyl ether, and ester linkages.
The Principle of Hope: Reflections on a Revival of Angels in America

A philosophical reflection on Signature Theater Company's 2010 New York revival of Tony Kushner's Angels in America considers the nature of hope in Kushner's play along side the political valences animated by this force in Signature's production.
Growth in bivalve molluscs: Nutritional effects of two or more species of algae in diets fed to the American oyster Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) and the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria (L.)

Abstract Each of 15 experimental groups of American oysters and hard clams was fed one of 15 diets composed of various mixtures of four species of algae ( Carteria chui, Isochrysis galbana, Platymonas suecica, Thalassiosira pseudonana ) for 6 weeks. Growth of hard and soft tissue was not correlated with gross chemical (protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash) or amino acid composition of the diets but was instead related to the presence or absence of particular algal species in the diets. Growth was generally least in diets containing large proportions of C. chui and greatest in diets containing large amounts of I. galbana or T. pseudonana . Diets containing both I. galbana and T. pseudonana invariably supported greater growth than diets consisting solely of either species, indicating synergism in the relative food values of the species. P. suecica was a relatively poor food when used as the sole component of the diet, but its food value was markedly increased when fed in combination with either (or both) I. galbana or (and) T. pseudonana . Two contrasting hypotheses explaining this interaction are presented.
Synthesis of a sterically crowded atropisomeric 1,8-diacridylnaphthalene for dual-mode enantioselective fluorosensing.

An efficient synthetic route to a sterically crowded 1,8-diheteroarylnaphthalene-derived enantioselective fluorosensor that operates in two different detection modes utilizing fluorescence lifetime and intensity has been developed. Screening of palladium-catalyzed Negishi, Kumada, Suzuki, Hiyama, and Stille coupling methods showed that the latter affords highly congested 1,8-diarylnaphthalenes in superior yields. Despite severe steric hindrance, axially chiral 1,8-bis(3-(3‘,5‘-dimethylphenyl)-9-acridyl)naphthalene, 1, was obtained in 68% yield from 1,8-dibromonaphthalene, 14, and 3-(3‘,5‘-dimethylphenyl)-9-tributylstannylacridine, 13, via two consecutive Stille cross-coupling steps using tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) as catalyst in the presence of copper(II) oxide. The preparation of 1 involved formation of 4-(3‘,5‘-dimethylphenyl)-2-chlorobenzoic acid, 7, through microwave-assisted Suzuki coupling of 4-bromo-2-chlorobenzoic acid, 10, and 3,5-dimethylphenylboronic acid, 11, followed by regiosel...
Benthic mapping using local aerial photo interpretation and resident taxa inventories for designing marine protected areas

SUMMARY Given the frequent socioeconomic, political and concomitant ecological failures of science-driven marine protected area (MPA) programmes, it is now important to design MPAs by integrating natural and social science research more comprehensively. This study shows how indigenous peoples assisted in the design of MPAs by identifying marine substrates and related resident taxa on aerial photos, information which was then incorporated into a geographical information system (GIS) database, along with dive survey data. Two questions were asked: (1) Is indigenous ecological knowledge accurate enough for mapping the benthos and associated taxa? (2) Is such an approach an appropriate way for assisting in the biological and social design of MPAs in Oceania? Conventional quadrat field dive surveys were used to measure the accuracy of substrate identification by local informants and a visual survey was used to test hypotheses formulated from local knowledge regarding the spatial distribution and relative abundance of non-cryptic species within certain benthic habitats. Equivalence rates between indigenous aerial photo interpretations of dominant benthic substrates and in situ dive surveys were 75‐85% for a moderately detailed classification scheme of the benthos, which included nine locally-defined abiotic and biotic benthic classes for the MPA seabed. Similarly, the taxa inventory showed a strong correspondence between the qualitative predictions of local fisherfolk and the quantitative analysis of noncryptic species distribution, including their relative abundance and geophysical locations. Indigenous people’s predictions about the presence or absence of fishindifferentbenthichabitatscorresponded77%and 92% of the time (depending on scoring schema) with in situ visual measurements. These results demonstrate how incorporating local knowledge of benthic heterogeneity, existing biological communities,andparticular spatio-temporaleventsofbiological significance into a GIS database can corroborate the production of scientifically reliable base resource maps for designing MPAs in an environmentally and culturally sound fashion. This participatory approach was used to design and then establish MPAs in the Roviana and Vonavona region of the Western Solomon Islands. Under appropriate conditions, interdisciplinary work can complement the design of scientific fishery management and biodiversity conservation prescriptions for coastal Oceania.
Normalizing the vocal tract length for speaker independent speech recognition

We overall vocal-tract length differs between individuals. The difference is more apparent between males and females. In this work, a new method is presented which normalizes the overall vocal-tract length in the cepstrum domain. By properly selecting the upper frequency of a FFT spectrum, the derived cepstrum coefficients exhibit a pattern which is less susceptible to the length variations. The proposed method is evaluated in isolated-word speech recognition experiments where a recognizer was exclusively trained on male speech and tested on female speech, and vice versa. The method elevated the word recognition accuracy from 57.0 to 78.8% and from 70.5 to 86.1%, respectively. >
Appetitive responses to sexual stimuli are attenuated in individuals with low levels of sexual desire.

Despite the high prevalence of sexual desire disorders, little is known about their biological underpinnings in humans. Animal studies suggest that dopamine is involved in appetitive sexual behavior; thus, one aim of this study was to elucidate that relationship in humans. This study used measurement of the acoustic startle response (ASR) and prepulse inhibition of the startle response (PPI) as psychophysiological indicators of changes in motivational states to assess the potential relation between sexual desire and appetitive motivation in humans. Responses to sexually provocative stimuli consisting of single nude men and single nude women in a sample of 153 participants (77 men, 76 women) were assessed. The results indicated that ASR was attenuated after exposure to appetitive stimuli (i.e., sexually provocative pictures of attractive individuals) to a greater extent among participants with higher levels of sexual desire, as measured by the Sexual Desire Inventory-2 (Spector, I. P., Carey, M. P., & Steinberg, L. (1996).Journal of Sex&Marital Therapy,22,175–190). In addition, PPI was inversely associated with subjective ratings across stimuli such that greater subjective levels of desire were correlated with lower levels of PPI. In general, these results suggest that individuals with lower levels of sexual desire may have a diminished physiological response to appetitive sexual stimuli.
Love Ways and Relationship Quality in Heterosexual Relationships

This study reports the creation of the Love Ways Inventory and an investigation of the relationship between the subjective experience of romantic love and relationship quality. Based on the results of two previous studies, items were written to measure the various ways people experience love. Factor analyses resulted in five factors: intuitive love, secure love, traditional romantic love, committed love and companionate love. These `love ways' were then correlated with relational quality in two separate samples leading to three general findings. First, individuals experiencing committed love have higher quality relationships. Second, couples jointly experiencing high levels of companionate love have higher quality relationships. Third, couples experiencing similar levels of secure love and/or companionate love have higher quality relationships.
Translational repression restricts expression of the C. elegans Nanos homolog NOS-2 to the embryonic germline.

Members of the nanos gene family are evolutionarily conserved regulators of germ cell development. In several organisms, Nanos protein expression is restricted to the primordial germ cells (PGCs) during early embryogenesis. Here, we investigate the regulation of the Caenorhabditis elegans nanos homolog nos-2. We find that the nos-2 RNA is translationally repressed. In the adult germline, translation of the nos-2 RNA is inhibited in growing oocytes, and this inhibition depends on a short stem loop in the nos-2 3′UTR. In embryos, nos-2 translation is repressed in early blastomeres, and this inhibition depends on a second region in the nos-2 3′UTR. nos-2 RNA is also degraded in somatic blastomeres by a process that is independent of translational repression and requires the CCCH finger proteins MEX-5 and MEX-6. Finally, the germ plasm component POS-1 activates nos-2 translation in the PGCs. A combination of translational repression, RNA degradation, and activation by germ plasm has also been implicated in the regulation of nanos homologs in Drosophila and zebrafish, suggesting the existence of conserved mechanisms to restrict Nanos expression to the germline.
Muonic-hydrogen molecular bound states, quasibound states, and resonances in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation

The Born-Oppenheimer approximation is used as an exploratory tool to study bound states, quasibound states, and scattering resonances in muon ([mu])--hydrogen ([ital x])--hydrogen ([ital y]) molecular ions. Our purpose is to comment on the existence and nature of the narrow states reported in three-body calculations, for [ital L]=0 and 1, at approximately 55 eV above threshold and the family of states in the same partial waves reported about 1.9 keV above threshold. We first discuss the motivation for study of excited states beyond the well-known and well-studied bound states. Then we reproduce the energies and other properties of these well-known states to show that, despite the relatively large muon mass, the Born-Oppenheimer approximation gives a good, semiquantitative description containing all the essential physics. Born-Oppenheimer calculations of the [ital s]- and [ital p]-wave scattering of [ital d]-([ital d][mu]), [ital d]-([ital t][mu]), and [ital t]-([ital t][mu]) are compared with the accurate three-body results, again with general success. The places of disagreement are understood in terms of the differences in location of slightly bound (or unbound) states in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation compared to the accurate three-body calculations.
Adopting multidisciplinary approaches to sustainable agriculture research: Potentials and pitfalls

Multidisciplinary approaches are being attempted by agricultural research units along with their traditional single discipline approaches. Although single discipline research will still be needed, multidisciplinary approaches present special advantages.The potential value of multidisciplinary approaches to sustainable agriculture research will be viewed differently by researchers with different perspectives. The participants in this symposium, all of whom were experienced sustainable agriculture researchers, identified five areas as keys for success. First, to capitalize fully on the opportunities it provides, there must be a justification for using a multidisciplinary approach for the specific research topic; while some projects work best with a multidisciplinary approach, others are best done within a single discipline. Second, everyone involved, including administrators, must invest time and money to establish communication between the disciplines. Third, careful attention must be given to forming and operating multidisciplinary teams effectively so that they generate shared benefits. Fourth, new sources of research funds will become available as agencies adopt multidisciplinary approaches, and revised systems will be required to administer those funds at the university or research unit level. Finally, major adjustments in the present systems for promotion, tenure and publication are necessary to properly measure and distribute credit.
Development of [CpRu(η 6 -benzylcarbamate)]X salts as two-stage photobase generators

Abstract In order to develop a new class of transition-metal-based, two-stage photobase generators (PBGs), the synthesis, structural characterization, spectroscopic properties and base-generation ability of a series of [CpRu(η6-benzylcarbamate)]X salts (X = [PF6]−, [O3SCF3]−) are reported. Treatment of [CpRu(NCMe)3]PF6 with the N,N-dialkylcarbamate PBGs 2-nitrophenylmethyl N,N-dicyclohexylcarbamate (2NC), 4-nitrophenylmethyl N,N-dicyclohexylcarbamate (4NC) and 3,5-dimethoxyphenylmethyl N,N-dicyclohexylcarbamate (DMC) results in η6-complexation of the arene fragment and formation of the corresponding [CpRu(η6-benzylcarbamate)]PF6 salt. The [PF6]− salt, [CpRu(η6-DMC)]PF6, is converted to the triflate salt (triflate = [O3SCF3]− = [OTf]−) by treatment with Me3SiOTf. The molecular structures of the [CpRu(η6-benzylcarbamate)]X salts were determined by X-ray diffraction and varied by the orientation of the carbmamate unit relative to the η5-Cp ligand. Experimental UV–Vis data and Time-Dependent DFT calculations suggest that the [CpRu(η6-benzylcarbamate)]+ cations possess high-energy excitations that potentially render these salts as useful two-stage PBGs. The photobase generation ability of the [CpRu(η6-benzylcarbamate)]X salts at 254 nm irradiation is assessed in both acetonitrile solution and polymethacrylate thin films. The irradiation studies demonstrate that η6-coordination of a benzylcarbamate PBG does not deactivate photolytic base generation.
Do classifiers predict differences in cognitive processing? A study of nominal classification in Mandarin Chinese

In English, numerals modify nouns directly (two tables), but in Mandarin Chinese, they modify numeral classifiers that are associated with nouns (two flatthing table). Classifiers define a system of categories based on dimensions such as animacy, shape, and function (Adams and Conklin 1973; Dixon 1986), but do these categories predict differences in cognitive processing? The present study explored possible effects of classifier categories in a speeded task preventing significant deliberation and strategic responding. Participants counted objects in a visual display that were intermixed with distractor objects that had either the same Mandarin classifier or a different one. Classifier categories predicted Mandarin speakers’ search performance, as Mandarin speakers showed greater interference from distractors with the same classifier than did Russian or English speakers. This result suggests that classifier categories may affect cognitive processing, and may have the potential to influence how speakers of classifier languages perform cognitive tasks in everyday situations. Two theoretical accounts of the results are discussed.
PMD compensation in multilevel coded-modulation schemes with coherent detection using Alamouti-type polarization-time coding

We present a PMD compensation scheme suitable for use in multilevel coded-modulation schemes, with PMD compensation efficiency comparable to that of OFDM, but with lower complexity of both transmitter and receiver. It is based on Alamouti-type polarization-time coding, with LDPC codes as channel codes.
Epithelial neoplasms and other epithelial lesions of the appendix (excluding carcinoid tumours)

Summary Epithelial tumours of the appendix include low-grade mucosal-based tumours with an excellent prognosis as well as invasive carcinomas that are frequently fatal. Low-grade mucinous neoplasms spread to the peritoneum as pseudomyxoma peritonei, and the nomenclature of these tumours has been the subject of considerable disagreement among pathologists. Invasive adenocarcinomas are more often mucinous than colorectal carcinoma and may also spread to the peritoneum. These tumours also lack uniform terminology. In this article, the clinical and pathologic features of low-grade appendiceal mucinous tumours and appendiceal adenocarcinomas are reviewed. In addition, serrated polyps and serrated adenomas, whose significance in the colon is only beginning to be understood, are considered in the appendix. Retention cysts, hyperplastic polyps, and diffuse mucosal hyperplasia, although not truly neoplastic, are reviewed here as they may enter into the differential diagnosis of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms.
Model Predictive Control for Power and Thermal Management of an Integrated Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Turbocharger System

This paper identifies and addresses the control challenges associated with simultaneous power and thermal management of a 5-kW-class solid oxide fuel cell and gas turbine combined cycle system. A model predictive controller (MPC) is developed to achieve improved system performance subject to input and state constraints. The subsystem dynamic couplings and control authority limitations under thermal constraints are investigated by both static and dynamic analysis. Through judicious allocation of penalty parameters in the cost function associated with the fuel cell current, anode fuel flow rate, and generator load, several different MPC implementations are derived to explore different control design degree of freedom and their performance is evaluated. Simulation results show the efficacy of the MPC design by demonstrating the fast load transition while maintaining the stack temperature within the allowable operation limits.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from ribbed mussel gill mitochondria

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex has been demonstrated in high speed pellet preparations from sonicated ribbed mussel gill mitochondria. The activity of the complex is inhibited by low chloride (less than 100 mM) concentrations, EDTA (1 mM), succinate, ATP, and NAD/NADH ratios below 4. Inhibition by EDTA is relieved by addition of 10 mM MgCl2-1 mM CaCl2. ATP inhibition was enhanced by NaF and reversed by high Mg++ concentrations in the absence of NaF. Pyruvate and thiamine pyrophosphate inhibited the inactivation by ATP. The nonhydrolyzable ATP analog AMP-PNP caused inhibition of the overall catalytic activity that was identical to ATP. Factors involved in the ATP inhibition and Mg++ reversal are lost with freezing or cold storage. Preliminary results using gamma-32P-ATP indicate that a protein kinase that phosphorylates the alpha subunit of E1 (pyruvate dehydrogenase) from the mammalian PDC is associated with the gill PDC. The activity of the complex may be regulated by a phosphorylation/dephosphorylation mechanism and by the relative levels of substrates, products, and other metabolites in the mitochondria.
Welfare Impacts of an Environmental Disamenity: A Survival Model Approach

A survival model of days until sale of a house is used to measure the welfare impact of a nearby environmental disamenity. The model controls for housing and neighborhood characteristics, isolating the effect of landfills on nearby transactions. I hypothesize that sellers may have more difficulty selling homes near landfills, resulting in potentially significant increases in opportunity cost of holding a property. Hedonic models, which have been widely used to measure welfare losses associated with a disamenity cannot capture the impacts I investigate. In a property level comparison, I find that the same house 5 miles from a landfill, as compared to 1 mile, is on the market an extra 24.7 days, incurring an average welfare loss of $473.44.
Indexing genomic sequences on the IBM Blue Gene

With advances in sequencing technology and through aggressive sequencing efforts, DNA sequence data sets have been growing at a rapid pace. To gain from these advances, it is important to provide life science researchers with the ability to process and query large sequence data sets. For the past three decades, the suffix tree has served as a fundamental data structure in processing sequential data sets. However, tree construction times on large data sets have been excessive. While parallel suffix tree construction is an obvious solution to reduce execution times, poor locality of reference has limited parallel performance. In this paper, we show that through careful parallel algorithm design, this limitation can be removed, allowing tree construction to scale to massively parallel systems like the IBM Blue Gene. We demonstrate that the entire Human genome can be indexed on 1024 processors in under 15 minutes.
Separating the grain from the chaff: particle selection in suspension- and deposit-feeding bivalves

Abstract Particle feeding on suspended and deposited material is a common mode of food collection among many groups of the Metazoa. In particular, many members of the Mollusca, most notably the bivalves, have specialized in particle feeding. Because suspension- and deposit-feeding activities often play significant roles in ecosystem processes, particular attention has been given to the mechanisms of particle feeding by these molluscs, and to the impacts of environmental factors upon these mechanisms. Early studies of the feeding organs of bivalve molluscs were descriptive and emphasis soon was placed upon the actual uptake of particulate material from the environment and identification of this material. Introduction of electronic particle counters led to a better understanding of the rates and efficiencies at which particle removal occurred, and the interface between food availability in the ocean and responses of these animals to temporal and spatial variability. While some early workers inferred the capabilities of these animals to select particles, it was the introduction of more advanced technologies (e.g., flow cytometry, video endoscopy, confocal microscopy) that allowed more detailed studies of the mechanisms associated with particle uptake and selection by these animals. These techniques have provided a more comprehensive analysis which clearly demonstrate that the mechanisms associated with particle feeding and selection are complex, with species-specific processes based upon both physical and chemical characteristics of the particles. In this review, we summarize prior research on particle selection in suspension- and deposit-feeding bivalve molluscs, discuss current theory and controversy regarding these processes, and propose areas for further study. In particular, more research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for particle selection, particulate characteristics that impact selection, and the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that mediate these processes.
Towards an archival Intermemory

We propose a self-organizing archival Intermemory. That is, a noncommercial subscriber-provided distributed information storage service built on the existing Internet. Given an assumption of continued growth in the memory's total size, a subscriber's participation for only a finite time can nevertheless ensure archival preservation of the subscriber's data. Information disperses through the network over time and memories become more difficult to erase as they age. The probability of losing an old memory given random node failures is vanishingly small-and an adversary would have to corrupt hundreds of thousands of nodes to destroy a very old memory. This paper presents a framework for the design of an Intermemory, and considers certain aspects of the design in greater detail. In particular, the aspects of addressing, space efficiency, and redundant coding are discussed.
Simulation of the development process in electrophotography

The simulation of the development of the electrostatic latent image using nonmagnetic, nonconducting, monocomponent toner is described. Attention is focussed on the development nip, only a few hundred microns long, the local conditions of which are set by machine elements on a much larger scale. The topics of special interest are electrical relaxation effects in the core of the developer roll and the mass per unit area of toner developer for lines of various widths. The finite-element method is used for the purpose of simulation. To be valid, it relies on careful measurement of material properties. By estimating the relative role of various length scales a local development nip analysis can be justified. Depending on the latent image, the charge distribution along the core/coating interface must arrange itself. This happens on two time scales. One is fast, localized, and based only on the core material; the other is slow and involves the long resistive path of the core and the large capacitance of all layers involved in the development process. For two-dimensional cases a few thousand finite elements and simple algorithms suffice to produce useful time-dependent simulations. Some aspects of solid versus line development can be explained on the basis of a plausible development hypothesis. >
Quantum size effects in the attractive hubbard model

We investigate superconducting pair correlations in the attractive Hubbard model on a finite square lattice. Our aim is to understand the pronounced size dependence which they display in the weak and intermediate coupling regimes. These size effects originate from the electronic shell structure of finite systems and severely complicate a reliable extrapolation of numerical simulation data from small systems to the thermodynamic limit. To analyze the size effects in detail, we use the BCS approximation, as well as a particle number conserving modification of it and compare the results with those of quantum Monte Carlo simulations. As an application, we explore the possibility of reducing the shell effects in simulation data by changing the shape of the system and the imposed boundary conditions and by making use of the size dependence of corresponding BCS data.
Microscale Layering of Liquid and Vapor Phases Within Microstructures for Self-Regulated Flow Delivery to Local Hot Spots

In this study, a new two-phase heat sink architecture is introduced that operates in two different phase change modes. At low wall superheat temperatures, the heat sink operates at the thin film evaporator mode and transitions to boiling when the wall superheat temperature is increased. This unique function is enabled through constraining the liquid and vapor phases into separate domains using capillary-controlled meniscus formed within a hierarchical 3D structure. The structure is designed to form thin layers of vertically oriented liquid films that directly evaporate into their neighboring vapor space. The dominant mode of heat transfer in this design is thin film evaporation, a very effective boiling sub-process. As the surface superheat temperature is increased and boiling starts, the capillary-controlled meniscus breaks down. A heat transfer coefficient of greater than 200 kW/m2K is achieved at less than 1 °C wall superheat temperature.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Yushu: A Heuristic-Based Agent for Automated Negotiating Competition

This article analyzes important issues regarding the design of a successful negotiation agent for ANAC and presents the design of Yushu, one of the top-scoring agents in the first Automated Negotiating Agents Competition (ANAC). Yushu uses simple heuristics to implement a conservative concession strategy based on a dynamically computed measure of competitiveness and number of negotiations rounds left before the deadline.
Motivated to “Forget”: The Effects of In-Group Wrongdoing on Memory and Collective Guilt

Reminders of in-group wrongdoing can prompt defensive responses that affect intergroup relations. Across two studies, American participants were randomly assigned to have their American identity increased (or not), then read a passage describing the negative treatment of Native American Indians by perpetrators described as either early Americans (i.e., in-group members) or European settlers (i.e., out-group members). Memory for the content of the passage and feelings of collective guilt were assessed. Participants demonstrated poorer memory when the perpetrators were framed as in-group (Americans), rather than out-group (Europeans), members. Further, participants in the in-group perpetrator condition whose American identification was primed experienced less collective guilt compared with participants in the in-group perpetrator condition whose American identification was not primed. Implications for intergroup relations and the understanding of collective memory are discussed.
Replacement Times, Storage, and Vertebrate Host Source of Blood for In Vitro Feeding of Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae) Adults

Studies were conducted to determine optimum replacement intervals, storage times, and vertebrate source of blood used to feed Haematobia irritans (L.) adults in vitro. Feeding success was measured by the total number of larvae produced per female during 10-d experimental periods which combined adult female survival, egg production, and egg hatch. The number of larvae per female was reduced significantly when blood replacement intervals were increased from 24 to 48 h; however, blood replacement intervals could be increased to 48 h without affecting larval production if the blood was agitated continuously. Maximum larval production was obtained when adult flies fed on whole, citrated bovine blood that had been stored at 3 degrees C for 2 wk; however, there was no difference in the number of larvae produced per female when adults were fed blood stored at -20 degrees C for 2-52 wk. Significantly more larvae were produced when adults fed on citrated porcine blood than bovine or ovine blood.
Meeting report - Karl's London Marathon

House, Karl was presented with the Sir George Stokes Medal by the President, Dr John Green. On the preceding day NIR Publications and the Molecular Spectroscopy Group of the RSC/ Analytical Division hosted a “Workshop with Karl Norris” at University College London. The Workshop audience came from many European countries and also (in the person of Peter Flinn) from Australia! Karl gave a lecture titled “NIR Discoveries: Some Old, Some New” which took an attentive audience from his first days at Beltsville in 1950 to current proposals for new wavelength standards and very recent work on the effect of instrument noise and reference analysis variability on SEC. In the afternoon he answered questions in two workshop sessions which covered almost all areas of NIR technology. Tom Fearn (Chemometrics) and Tony Davies (Theory) gave lectures to make sure that Karl still had a voice left for the following day. During the Workshop Ian Cowe offered congratulations to Karl on behalf of the Foss group in the form of a letter and gift. I think that we would all agree with the sentiments expressed in the letter. A small equipment exhibition was attended by Bruker, Buchi, Thermo Nicolet and NIR Publications. I thought that the audience felt that it had been a useful day and Karl said he had enjoyed it (and he could still speak!). Karl’s opening lecture at the RSC Symposium held at the Scientific Societies’ Lecture Theatre was titled “Development and Application of Near Infrared Technology”. He was able to open the lecture by saying that he was delighted to be the recipient of the Sir George Stokes Medal because he had used some of Stokes’ mathematics in his most recent paper in JNIRS.1 His lecture covered some of the similar early ground but then emphasised the many collaborations, which had aided its development and concluded by discussing the milk and talc examples of recent work, which are published elsewhere in this issue of NIR news.2 This was not an NIR audience but you could tell that they were very impressed and the growing importance of NIR spectroscopy was felt later when two of the other five lecturers included some aspect of NIR analysis in their lectures.
LARGE V WAVES ON PULMONARY CAPILLARY WEDGE PRESSURE HEMODYNAMIC TRACING IN A PATIENT WITH RIGHT-SIDED HEART FAILURE

Large V waves seen on the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) hemodynamic tracing signify elevated left atrial pressure during ventricular systole. Consideration of the differential diagnosis of large V waves is essential for appropriate treatment in symptomatic patients. A 64 year old man
Optimal design of ionic liquids for thermal energy storage

Abstract Ionic liquids (ILs) are an emerging group of chemicals which, with their tunable physicochemical properties, exhibit promise for use as novel materials in many applications. Thermal (e.g. solar) energy storage (TES) is one such area where they show potential to be thermally stable at high temperatures and store high amount of heat energy. A large number of ILs, through the combination of different cations and anions, can be potentially synthetized thereby presenting a good platform for design. However, since it is not possible to study this large number of compounds experimentally it is necessary to use computational methods to evaluate them. In this article, we present a computer-aided framework to design task-specific ionic liquids (ILs), using structure- property models and optimization methods. Thermal energy storage density (capacity) was used as a measure of the ability of an IL to store thermal (solar) energy. An hydroxyl functionalized imidazolium-based IL, [3-hydroxy-imidazolium]+[BF4] −, was found to be the optimal candidate with highest thermal energy storage capacity along with appropriate melting point and decomposition temperature.
Structure and optical properties of Ce doped SnO_2

In this paper we used the first- principles full potential linearized augmented plane wave method to investigate the band structure, density of states as well as the optical properties of SnO2, intrinsic and doped with Ce separately. For the exchange- correction energy we employed the generalized gradient approximation( GGA) in the PBE( Perdew, Burke and Ernzerhof) form. We find that the 4f orbit of Ce inserts into the conduction band, which leads to the shift of the conduction band bottom to lower energy zone and narrowing of band gap. Meanwhile, SnO2and doped structures are obviously different.For the optical properties, the absorption coefficient of Ce doped SnO2are higher than those of intrinsic SnO2in visible region and the structure present red-shift. Finally, it is expected that our results may inspire the future experimental research.
Detection of Dehydroacetic Acid in Moon Cake with Gas Chromatography

Objective To establish a gas chromatographic method for detecting dehydroacetic acid in moon cake. Method After samples being acidified,dehydroacetic acid was extracted with ether and detected by gas chromatography with HP-5 capillary column. Results The relative standard deviations (RSD) were 3. 13%-4. 73% ,the recovery rates were 85. 3%-99. 8% ,and the correlation coefficient was 0. 9999. Conclusion The method is simple,rapid and accurate for the detection of dehydroacetic acid in moon cake.
2010 Wind Program Peer Review Report

This report documents the evaluation of the technical, scientific, and business results of over 80 projects of the Wind Program, as well as the productivity and management effectiveness of the Wind Program itself.
Abstract 4081: Stromal autophagy is required for the growth of cutaneous melanoma

Through degrading bulk cytoplasmic materials into intermediate building blocks, autophagy refuels metabolism and maintains homeostasis under starvation and stress conditions. The context-dependent role of autophagy in cancer cells during tumorigenesis and tumor progression has been explored over the past decade; however, studies of autophagy in relation to the tumor microenvironment are still lacking. In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy in the cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a major component of the microenvironment that is important for the growth and development of cutaneous melanoma. Analysis of clinical biopsies revealed high levels of autophagy in fibroblasts that surrounded melanoma cells, but not in the non-tumor adjacent area. Fibroblasts co-cultured with any of multiple melanoma cell lines, but not melanocytes, also showed increased autophagic flux, which requires transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling. Knocking down autophagy-related (ATG) genes ATG5 or ATG7 in fibroblasts did not impair their proliferation in vitro, but inhibited the growth of co-engrafted melanoma cells in vivo. Further, by introducing intradermal melanoma allografts into mice that harbored fibroblast-specific Atg7 deletion, we observed remarkable tumor growth retardation. In order to mimic anti-autophagy therapy for patients, we generated mice that allowed conditional Atg7 depletion in their entire bodies, and found significant tumor growth suppression. Atg7 knockout mice contained elevated plasma levels of immune cell attractants, including CXCL9, CXCL10 and MCP-1. By inhibiting these cytokines/chemokines with atorvastatin, tumor growth in Atg7 knockout mice was completely rescued; while, there was no effect of atorvastatin on control mice. Taken together, our data show that through modulating the tumor microenvironment, stromal autophagy plays an important role during melanoma growth and development. Our findings indicate that stromal autophagy may represent a valuable therapeutic target that might induce less side effects and systemic toxicity. Citation Format: Ran Ellen Zhang, Natalie J. Guo, Nithya Krishnan, David Jelinek, Gizem Karsli Uzunbas, Xiaoqi Xie, Arek Gertych, Janice M. Mehnert, Beatrice Knudsen, Eileen White, Hilary A. Coller. Stromal autophagy is required for the growth of cutaneous melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4081.
Transversality and Mestizaje: Moving Beyond the Purification-Resistance Impasse

Mestizaje, a Latin American heritage focusing on the mutual intersection and transformation of the European and indigenous peoples in the Americas has had two predominant interpretative paradigms. South of the U.S.-Mexico border, both ruling elites and scholars have frequently used mestizaje to justify a mixing of European, indigenous, African, and other peoples that nevertheless have the European culture ascendant. Conversely, in the U.S. Latino heritage north of the U.S.-Mexico border, the conquest of the U.S. Southwest by predominantly European-American settlers has led many U.S. Latino scholars to render mestizaje as resistance and as a way of seeking agency against this hegemony.
Trehalose Glycopolymer Enhances Both Solution Stability and Pharmacokinetics of a Therapeutic Protein

Biocompatible polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) have been successfully conjugated to therapeutic proteins to enhance their pharmacokinetics. However, many of these polymers, including PEG, only improve the in vivo lifetimes and do not protect proteins against inactivation during storage and transportation. Herein, we report a polymer with trehalose side chains (PolyProtek) that is capable of improving both the external stability and the in vivo plasma half-life of a therapeutic protein. Insulin was employed as a model biologic, and high performance liquid chromatography and dynamic light scattering confirmed that addition of trehalose glycopolymer as an excipient or covalent conjugation prevented thermal or agitation-induced aggregation of insulin. The insulin–trehalose glycopolymer conjugate also showed significantly prolonged plasma circulation time in mice, similar to the analogous insulin–PEG conjugate. The insulin–trehalose glycopolymer conjugate was active as tested by insulin tolerance t...