cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protease Inhibitors Affect Physical Properties of Arrowtooth Flounder and Walleye Pollock Surimi

The effects of protease inhibitors from potato, bovine plasma and egg white on the punch, torsion and color tests of arrowtooth flounder and pollock surimi were determined. At 2% addition, the inhibitors increased the strength of arrowtooth gels while variable results were found with pollock gels. Bovine plasma produced a gel with a yellow hue while the gel with potato inhibitor was darkest.
A New Method for Determining Cloud Transmittance and Optical Depth Using the ARM Micropulsed Lidar

Cirrus clouds play an important role in the climate through their optical and microphysical properties. The problem with measuring the optical properties of these clouds can be partially addressed by using lidar systems. The calibration of backscatter lidar systems, in particular, typically relies on the known molecular (Rayleigh) backscatter, which is a function of temperature, pressure, and chemical composition of the air. This paper presents an improved method for determining the cloud transmittance, and thus optical depth, derived from backscatter lidar measurements. A system of equations is developed in terms of a proposed metric that is required to possess a minima, and has a unique solution for the gain, offset, and transmittance. The new method is tested on a synthetic case as well as using data from two different lidar systems that operate at two different wavelengths. The method is applied to lidar data collected by the lidar operating at the central Pacific island of Nauru under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program.
Speak for yourself: analysing how US athletes used self-presentation on Twitter during the 2012 London Paralympic Games

This study explored the content US Paralympic athletes posted to Twitter during the 2012 London Paralympic Summer Games. Goffman's (1959) self-presentation concept provided a foundation for describing the Twitter activity of the athletes through frontstage and backstage performances. Data were collected from Twitter accounts of 76 US Paralympic athletes who were on the 2012 US Paralympics Twitter page members list. Four themes were constructed on the Twitter content: backstage performances of: a) self; b) interaction and frontstage performances of: c) Paralympic promotion; d) reporting news. Athletes used Twitter to blur the lines between backstage and frontstage performances, providing glimpses of their private time but also serving as a marketing arm for US Paralympics. The importance of understanding what athletes were tweeting during this time lies in the marketing function they performed due to the lack of US media covering the event.
Reply to Critics (Symposium on A Moral Theory of Political Reconciliation)

One of the central moral challenges facing numerous political communities today is political reconciliation. In the aftermath of repression, conflict, and injustice, communities confront the task of repairing damaged relationships among citizens and between citizens and officials. In A Moral Theory of Political Reconciliation, I develop a theory of what this process entails and of its moral significance. My central claim is that political relationships are damaged when and to the extent that they fail to express reciprocity and respect for agency. Failures of reciprocity and respect for agency are how relationships go wrong during extended periods of repression and conflict, and it is in cultivating these two values in relations among citizens and officials that relationships are repaired. I am very grateful for the thoughtful, incisive, and stimulating comments provided by Cindy Holder, Tracy Isaacs, and Alice MacLachlan. In this reply to their commentaries, I first provide a brief background of the motivation for my project and an overview of the main theses that I defend over the course of my book. I then turn to three kinds of concerns raised by Holder, Isaacs, and MacLachlan. The first urges me to rethink the restriction of my analysis of political reconciliation to contexts of transition. The second challenges the particular way that I conceptualize the demands of reciprocity and respect for agency in political relationships. The final set turns to my analysis of the processes that can facilitate reconciliation.
Mortality among Sibling and Non-Sibling Chicks and Mathematical Probability of Infection at Hatching Time

Abstract A DEFINITE relationship between families of chickens and the rate of mortality of progeny was shown at Michigan State University in 1950 (Henderson and Stafseth, 1950). The indications of inherent susceptibility were in agreement with many other reports. From an analysis of the records of 4,763 pedigreed chicks in 1950, of several breeds, mortality was not only segregated by families but it tended to segregate in numerical sequence both within and without famlies. For example, when two or more chicks died from one hen in a family of three or more chicks, those which died were frequently found to be numbered in sequence. This was definite evidence that they were adjacent to one another at banding time. In some cases the family size (chicks from one hen hatched on the same date) consisted of seven or more chicks. In one case, seven chicks were recorded dead in consecutive order. No …
SID Modeling of Non-linear Characteristics of NACA 0012 Airfoil at Different Mach Numbers

Mach numbers. The employed ROM methodology is based on using the Radial Basis Functions, RBF and set of maneuvers at dierent Mach numbers. The proposed methodology is shown to be able to predict accurately the strongly non-linear aerodynamic coecients for both steady and pitching airfoil by using a single ROM model.
Maternal Trauma and Children’s Functioning: The Role of Kinship Social Support

ABSTRACTAlthough research has documented the detrimental effects of maternal trauma on child behavior (Lambert, Holzer, & Hasbun, 2014), the role of extended family support in potentially mitigating the effects of intergenerational transmission of trauma is not clearly understood. With a diverse community sample of 52 trauma-exposed mothers and their children between the ages of 7 and 12, we investigated relationships between kinship social support, maternal trauma exposure severity, maternal posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity, and child behavioral problems. Results showed that kinship social support was negatively related to maternal trauma exposure severity, maternal PTSD symptom severity, child internalizing behaviors, and child externalizing behaviors. Additionally, kinship social support moderated the relationship between maternal trauma exposure severity and child internalizing behaviors. These results have implications in the implementation of interventions aimed at supporting di...
DL/T 860-based Modelling and Intelligent Design for Condition Monitoring System

Condition monitoring is one of techniques to obtain operational status of equipments,and is also one of important data sources to inspect or maintain equipments.To meet the needs of intelligent construction and upgrading for the smart grid substations condition monitoring system,this paper provides a comprehensive design plan based on the DL/T 860 communication protocol,which can apply to several types of substations.The proposed plan can provide the necessary data for product management,condition-based maintenance and smart grid decision analysis,and accumulate experience for application and selection of practical condition monitoring technologies by solving the issues of standardization,interoperability and interchangeability of IED and sharing information.
Honey Productivity of Honeybee Colonies in Relation to Body Weight, Attractiveness and Fecundity of the Queen

SummaryThe relationship between queen weight, queen attractiveness, sealed brood area, and colony honey production were investigated. Queens' attractiveness to workers varied greatly, but was not correlated with any of the other measured parameters. Queen weight, 18 hours after removal from mating nuclei, averaged 214·4 mg and decreased to 207·9 mg after 8 days of storage and transit. At the peak of the honey flow the average queen weight had increased to 292·9 mg. Honey production was correlated positively both with sealed brood area and with queen weight after removal from the mating nuclei. A practical method of eliminating some of the less productive queens would be to remove them from the mating nuclei, when about 12 days old, and discard the lightest 15–25%.
Apolipoprotein synthesis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

The pathophysiology of hepatic steatosis, a prerequisite of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, is poorly understood. Because very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) formation is the chief route of hepatic lipid export, we hypothesized that the synthesis of apoB-100, a rate-determining step in hepatic VLDL formation, may be altered in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study evaluated the relative synthesis rates of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) in patients with NASH and in lean and body mass index (BMI)-matched (obese) controls without NASH. A primed continuous infusion of L-[1-(13)C] leucine was used to measure the absolute synthesis rates (ASR) of apoB-100 and fibrinogen in 7 patients with NASH and compared them with 7 lean and 7 obese (BMI-matched) controls without NASH. The ASRs of fibrinogen and albumin also were measured. The mean ASR of apoB-100 in patients with NASH was lower (31.5 +/- 3.4 mg/kg/d) than that of obese (115.2 +/- 7.2 mg/kg/d, P <.001) and lean controls (82.4 +/- 4.1 mg/kg/d, P =.002). In contrast, the mean ASR of fibrinogen was greater in subjects with NASH than in both control groups. These data indicate that NASH is associated with markedly altered hepatic synthesis of apoB-100. The finding that albumin synthesis was not similarly decreased in patients with NASH shows that the attenuation of apoB-100 synthesis is not on the basis of globally impaired hepatic protein synthesis. In conclusion, because apoB-100 synthesis is a rate-determining step in hepatocyte lipid export, decreased synthesis of this protein may be an important factor in the development of hepatic steatosis, a prerequisite for NASH.
A software-defined, dual-polarized radar system

This work details the design and construction of a dual-polarization, continuous-wave, monostatic, software-defined radar system. The platform is built around the Ettus Research USRP-B210, which provides 30MHz of signal bandwidth at carrier frequencies ranging between 70MHz and 6GHz. The reconfigurable nature of the USRP is exploited to realize a radar with programmable waveforms. Radar measurements of an approximately known target response are conducted in the laboratory using an emulated target in a cabled system for validation of the system design.
Silk: a simulation study of regulating open normative multiagent systems

In a multiagent system, a (social) norm describes what the agents may expect from each other. Norms promote autonomy (an agent need not comply with a norm) and heterogeneity (a norm describes interactions at a high level independent of implementation details). Researchers have studied norm emergence through social learning where the agents interact repeatedly in a graph structure. In contrast, we consider norm emergence in an open system, where membership can change, and where no predetermined graph structure exists. We propose Silk, a mechanism wherein a generator monitors interactions among member agents and recommends norms to help resolve conflicts. Each member decides on whether to accept or reject a recommended norm. Upon exiting the system, a member passes its experience along to incoming members of the same type. Thus, members develop norms in a hybrid manner to resolve conflicts. We evaluate Silk via simulation in the traffic domain. Our results show that social norms promoting conflict resolution emerge in both moderate and selfish societies via our hybrid mechanism.
A Sensitive and Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Non-Homologous End Joining in Vitro Assay for Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Abstract 4825 Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are longevity cells that are responsible for sustaining hematopoietic homeostasis and regeneration after injury for the entire lifespan of an organism. Maintenance of genomic stability is crucial for the preservation of HSCs, which depends on their efficient repair of DNA damage, particularly DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Because of the paucity of HSCs and lack of sensitive assays, directly measuring the ability of HSCs to repair DSBs has been difficult. Therefore, we developed a sensitive and quantitative in vitro non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) assay using the Bgl II-digested linear pDsRed2ER plasmids and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique. This assay can sensitively detect DSB repair via NHEJ in less than 0.25 μg nuclear proteins or nuclear extracts from about 1000 human BM CD34 + hematopoietic cells. Using this assay, we confirmed that human bone marrow HSCs (CD34 + CD38 − cells) are less proficient in the repair of DSBs by NHEJ than HPCs (CD34 + CD38 + cells). In contrast, mouse quiescent HSCs (Pyronin-Y low LSK + cells) repaired the damage more efficiently than cycling HPCs (LSK − cells). The difference in the abilities of human and mouse HSCs and HPCs to repair DSBs through NHEJ is likely attributed to their differential expression of key NHEJ DNA damage repair genes such as ATM and ligase 4. These findings suggest that the qPCR-based plasmid NHEJ assay can be used to sensitively measure the ability of HSCs to repair DSBs. This assay can also be applied to other rare tissue stem cells as well. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Hauterkrankungen durch Würmer

Eine Wurmerkrankung oder Helminthiasis wird durch eine Infektion mit parasitischen Wurmern ausgelost. Je nach Art des Befalls kann es sich beim Menschen um einen Zwischen-, End- oder Fehlwirt handeln. Wurmer sind langgestreckte, oft in Segmente gegliederte, beinlose niedere Tiere. Die Systematik der Wurmer ist uneinheitlich. Aus dermatologischer Sicht sind folgende drei Unterstamme von Bedeutung: Rundwurmer (Nemathelminthes), Plattwurmer (Plathelminthes), Ringel- oder Borstenwurmer (Annelida). Klimatische Faktoren, mangelhafte Hygiene und bestimmte Ernahrungsgewohnheiten begunstigen vor allem in subtropischen und tropischen Landern das Vorkommen zahlreicher durch Wurmer bedingter Infektionen des Menschen, die oft auch mit Hauterscheinungen einhergehen. Im gemasigten Klima ist die Zahl parasitarer Wurmer beim Menschen begrenzt, doch werden Wurminfektionen haufig ubersehen.
Adaptive responses to salinity stress across multiple life stages in anuran amphibians

In many regions, freshwater wetlands are increasing in salinity at rates exceeding historic levels. Some freshwater organisms, like amphibians, may be able to adapt and persist in salt-contaminated wetlands by developing salt tolerance. Yet adaptive responses may be more challenging for organisms with complex life histories, because the same environmental stressor can require responses across different ontogenetic stages. Here we investigated responses to salinity in anuran amphibians: a common, freshwater taxon with a complex life cycle. We conducted a meta-analysis to define how the lethality of saltwater exposure changes across multiple life stages, surveyed wetlands in a coastal region experiencing progressive salinization for the presence of anurans, and used common garden experiments to investigate whether chronic salt exposure alters responses in three sequential life stages (reproductive, egg, and tadpole life stages) in Hyla cinerea, a species repeatedly observed in saline wetlands. Meta-analysis revealed differential vulnerability to salt stress across life stages with the egg stage as the most salt-sensitive. Field surveys revealed that 25% of the species known to occur in the focal region were detected in salt-intruded habitats. Remarkably, Hyla cinerea was found in large abundances in multiple wetlands with salinity concentrations 450% higher than the tadpole-stage LC50. Common garden experiments showed that coastal (chronically salt exposed) populations of H. cinerea lay more eggs, have higher hatching success, and greater tadpole survival in higher salinities compared to inland (salt naive) populations. Collectively, our data suggest that some species of anuran amphibians have divergent and adaptive responses to salt exposure across populations and across different life stages. We propose that anuran amphibians may be a novel and amenable natural model system for empirical explorations of adaptive responses to environmental change.
Atomic-Step-Induced Local Nonequilibrium Effects on Surface Oxidation

By temperature-, time-, and pressure-resolved imaging of the dynamics of surface steps on NiAl(100) during its oxidation, we provide direct evidence of the significant effects of atomic steps in controlling the local thermodynamic driving force for oxidation. Our results show that the inherent barriers associated with step crossing by surface species of oxygen cause a heterogeneous oxygen concentration across the crystal surface, giving rise to local nonequilibrium effects governing oxidation even for surfaces that are globally in equilibrium. The asymmetry in the step-crossing barriers for oxygen atoms crossing up or down steps is such that descendant steps exert a local driving force that favors oxidation, whereas ascendant steps locally destabilize the surface oxide in their vicinity. The local differences in the thermodynamic driving force for oxidation due to atomic steps and step bunches give rise to novel phenomena, such as nonmonotonous oxide growth and the net translation motion of surface oxide ...
Genomic Triangulation and Coverage Analysis in Whole-Exome Sequencing-Based Molecular Autopsies.

Background—WEMA (Whole-Exome Molecular Autopsy) and surveillance of cardiac channelopathy and cardiomyopathy genes represents the latest molecular autopsy for sudden death in the young (SDY). To da...
“Sweat a little water, sweat a little blood”: A spectacle of convict labor at an American amusement park:

This article examines a representation of convict leasing in an unexpected and seemingly inconsequential place—an amusement park. Located in Branson, Missouri, the popular 1880s-themed Silver Dolla...
Molecular Transitions and Dynamics at Polymer / Wall Interfaces: Origins of Flow Instabilities and Wall Slip

This article reviews recent results on capillary melt flow anomalies. Long standing controversies and debates in this field are illustrated by summarizing previous results and clarified with an extensive discussion of the most recent results. Explicit molecular mechanisms for flow instabilities are presented in contrast to a background of 40 years’ continuous and far ranging research. New experiments show that the widely observed extrusion anomalies (including oscillating flow, discontinuous flow transition and sharkskin) of linear polyethylenes (LPE) originate from interfacial molecular transitions, which may or may not be stable depending the specific flow conditions. A global flow instability (commonly known as oscillating capillary flow) evidently arises from a time-dependent oscillation of the global hydrodynamic boundary condition (HBC) between no-slip and slip limits at the capillary die wall. Other convincing observations show that sharkskin originates from a local instability of HBC at the die exit wall. The global and local interfacial instabilities both originate from a reversible coil-stretch transition involving interfacial unbound chains that are entangled with the adsorbed chains. In other words, local and global stress oscillations result in the observed macroscopic sharkskin-like and bamboo-like extrudate distortions respectively. A second molecular mechanism for wall slip is also clearly identified, involving stress-induced chain desorption off low surface energy walls. An organic coating of capillary die walls produces massive chain desorption and a large magnitude wall slip at rather low stresses, whereas bare metallic and inorganic surfaces (e.g., steel, aluminum, and glass) usually retain sufficient chain adsorption and prevent catastrophic slip up to the critical stress for the coil-stretch transition. The intricate interfacial flow instabilities exhibited by LPE are also shared by other highly entangled melts such as polybutadienes. In contrast, monodisperse melts with high critical entanglement molecular weight (M e ) such as polystyrene of M w =106 show massive wall slip on low energy surfaces but no measurable interfacial stick-slip transition before reaching the plateau around 0.2 MPa. Tasks for future work include (i) direct molecular probe of melt chain adsorption and desorption processes at a melt/wall interface as a function of the surface condition, (ii) new theoretical studies of chain dynamics in an entangling melt/wall interfacial region as well as in bulk at high stresses, (iii) test of universality of the established physical laws governing melt/wall interfacial behavior and flow for all polymers, and (iv) development of tractable experimental and theoretical methods to study boundary discontinuities and stress singularities.
Musings on the Prehistory of Polymer Science

The formation of a viable research paradigm requires many factors to be aligned. There needs to be a coherent collection of observable phenomena that requires the paradigm in order to comprehend the facts. Since there are polymers everywhere in the natural world, what set of observations provoked a search for an appropriate paradigm? The discovery of rubber elasticity by the European scientific community spurred the search for a way to comprehend the strange properties of this pure natural material.
What Is the Spin Hamiltonian of Solid BCC 3He

Solid helium is a quantum crystal, i.e., a crystal in which the ratio of the zero-point energy to the binding energy is of order unity. This allows the atoms in the solid to have an unusually large mobility. This mobility of helium atoms becomes experimentally observable in solid 3He because of its magnetic moment. Nuclear magnetic relaxation (NMR) experiments observe the hopping directly. The hopping leads to a spin ordering which effects the thermodynamics of solid 3He at low temperatures. Hence a measurement of thermodynamic properties such as pressure, susceptibility, entropy, etc., allows us to garner information about the hopping helium atoms. The Heisenberg Hamiltonian, $$\mathcal{H} = - 2\hbar \sum\limits_{{i < j}} {{{J}_{2}}} (ij){{\sigma }_{i}}.{{\sigma }_{j}} $$ has been used to describe solid 3He, where J 2(ij) is the exchange frequency between the pair of atoms at lattice sites i and j and σ i is the spin of the atom on the ith lattice site.
Stream response to an extreme drought-induced defoliation event.

We assessed stream ecosystem-level response to a drought-induced defoliation event by gypsy moth caterpillars (Lymantria dispar) with high-frequency water quality sensors. The defoliation event was compared to the prior year of data. Based on long-term records of precipitation and drought indices, the drought of 2015–2016 in Rhode Island, USA was an extreme climatic event that preceded and likely precipitated the defoliation from insect infestation. Canopy cover in the riparian area was reduced by over 50% increasing light availability which warmed the stream and stimulated autotrophic activity. Frass and leaf detritus contributed particulate carbon and organic nutrients to the stream. Based on locally calibrated s::can spectro::lyser data, nitrate concentration and flux did not significantly increase during defoliation while orthophosphate concentration and flux did significantly increase during part of the defoliation period. Lower mean daily dissolved oxygen (DO) levels and wider diel cycles of DO indicated higher biological activity during the defoliation event. Stream metabolism metrics were also significantly higher during defoliation and pointed to heterotrophic activity dominating in the stream. The increases in stream metabolism were low compared to other studies; in streams with higher nutrient levels (e.g., in agricultural or urban watersheds) the increase in light and temperature could have a stronger influence on stream metabolism. The in-stream metabolic processes and nutrient fluxes observed in response to the drought-driven defoliation event resulted from the long-term deployment of high-frequency water sensors. The proliferation of these water sensors now enable studies that assess ecosystem responses to stochastic, unusual disturbances.
Understanding Commercially Sexually Exploited Youths' Facilitators and Barriers toward Contraceptive Use: I Didn't Really Have a Choice.

Abstract Study Objective Because of the high reproductive health risks that commercially sexually exploited youth (CSEY) face, we sought to understand facilitators and barriers related to their use of condoms and hormonal contraception. Design, Setting, Participants, Interventions, and Main Outcome Measures We conducted semistructured interviews with 21 female CSEY. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded for emergent themes. Participants were enrolled through group homes and a juvenile specialty court serving CSEY. Results Overall, CSEY reported relatively easy access to hormonal contraception and condoms, expressing a strong preference for condoms as their primary form of contraception. Most respondents described an aversion toward hormonal birth control, attributed to personal experiences and peer accounts of side effects. Many also shared a common belief that hormonal methods are “unnatural,” cause infertility, and have low efficacy. Although youth expressed a preference for condom use, they also reported frequent unprotected sex. Furthermore, there were notable barriers to hormonal contraception and condom use that were specific to youths’ sexual exploitation, primarily because of their lack of control while trafficked. Conclusion Although participants noted relatively easy access to contraception, a number of barriers to condom and hormonal contraceptive use exist. Many of these barriers align with youth identified in other at-risk adolescent populations, however, CSEY also face a number of barriers that might be attributable to their unique experience of commercial sexual exploitation. Contraceptive education that dispels prevailing myths, sets clear expectations regarding side effects, and emphasizes autonomy is most likely to resonate with their world view and experiences.
ExtRamp: a novel algorithm for extracting the ramp sequence based on the tRNA adaptation index or relative codon adaptiveness

Different species, genes, and locations within genes use different codons to fine-tune gene expression. Within genes, the ramp sequence assists in ribosome spacing and decreases downstream collisions by incorporating slowly-translated codons at the beginning of a gene. Although previously reported as occurring in some species, no previous attempt at extracting the ramp sequence from specific genes has been published. We present ExtRamp, a software package that quickly extracts ramp sequences from any species using the tRNA adaptation index or relative codon adaptiveness. Different filters facilitate the analysis of codon efficiency and enable identification of genes with a ramp sequence. We validate the existence of a ramp sequence in most species by running ExtRamp on 229 742 339 genes across 23 428 species. We evaluate differences in reported ramp sequences when we use different parameters. Using the strictest ramp sequence cut-off, we show that across most taxonomic groups, ramp sequences are approximately 20-40 codons long and occur in about 10% of gene sequences. We also show that in Drosophila melanogaster as gene expression increases, a higher proportion of genes have ramp sequences. We provide a framework for performing this analysis on other species. ExtRamp is freely available at https://github.com/ridgelab/ExtRamp.
Total cost of care for patients (pts) with stage II colon cancer (CC-II): A SEER-Medicare analysis.

6648Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for stage II colon cancer remains a controversial topic. We used Surveillance Epidemiology End Results (SEER) linkage with Medicare claims to explore the ...
Kinetic Resolution of Cyclic Secondary Azides, Using an Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition.

An enantioselective copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (E-CuAAC) is reported by kinetic resolution. Chiral triazoles were isolated in high yield with limiting alkyne (up to 97:3 enantiomer...
Debtholders' Option to Walk Out of a Bankruptcy Process, Multi-tier Capital Structure and Organizational Choice

This paper compares the values of (A1) forming a multi-tier capital structure -- a holding company, with the first tier for each of its subsidiaries and the second tier for the parent; (A2) leaving the subsidiaries as independent firms; and (A3) merging them into a conglomerate with a one-tier structure. If they have the same total debt, A1's default risk is less than A2's which is less then A3's. If there is no cost of forming subsidiaries and the value of the debtholder option to walk out of a bankruptcy process is positive, then A1 is more valuable than A2 and A3. If asset returns are highly positively (negatively) correlated, A2 is more (less) valuable than A3, but A1's value is immune to correlations. These values can be traded against formation costs, which are higher for A1 and A2 than for A3, to choose an organization.
ENEPIG Reliability - Enhancement by Simple Drop in Process Changes

Soldering on ball grid arrays (BGAs) and dense circuit features is standard practice in the microelectronics industry. Key to the success of this operation is solder joint reliability (SJR). The ev...
Modeling of High Level System Requirements- An IoT Case-Study

In this paper, we present two paradigm of modeling of IoT application development, namely prescriptive modeling and its support to develop IoT applications and descriptive modeling of high-level functional and non-functional requirements (e.g. Capella, SysML) of unique problem under design. We exhibit an IoT prototype Parking Minute to discuss how MBD is useful during product development life-cycle. We apply modeling at requirement and implementation phase of the development for respective objectives. In the spectrum of MBD, both descriptive modeling and prescriptive modeling complement each other and in this paper, we mainly discuss the descriptive modeling of high-level system requirements which could be the design drivers for prescriptive modeling during the design phase.
Allosteric Modulation of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the allosteric modulation of N–methyl-D-aspartute (NMDA) receptors. It focuses on the NMDA-preferring glutamate receptor. NMDA receptors are involved in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological events, and this has resulted in a great deal of interest in the development of tools to probe and manipulate NMDA receptor function. Moreover, many studies have demonstrated that the activity of the NMDA receptor can be modulated by a wide range of endogenous agents. The purpose of this chapter, therefore, is to examine the actions of the known modulators of the receptor in terms of their binding sites, and to try to determine how these binding sites interact with each other. By understanding the interactions between the known modulators of this receptor it may be possible to comprehend better how the receptor may operate in different circumstances, and it may also be possible to target more accurately therapeutic agents to interrupt specific NMDA receptor-mediated events.
A systematic literature review of personalized learning terms

Learning is a natural human activity that is shaped by personal experiences, cognitive awareness, personal bias, opinions, cultural background, and environment. Learning has been defined as a stable and persistent change in what a person knows and can do. Learning is formed through an individual’s interactions, including the conveyance of knowledge and skills from others and experiences. So, learning is a personalized experience that allows one to expand their knowledge, perspective, skills, and understanding. Therefore, personalized learning models can help to meet individual needs and goals. Furthermore, to personalize the learning experience, technology integration can play a crucial role. This paper provides a review of the recent research literature on personalized learning as technology is changing how learning can be effectively personalized. The emphasis is on the terms used to characterize learning as those can suggest a framework for personalized and will eventually be used in meta-analyses of research on personalized learning, which is beyond the scope of this paper.
Kinase-Mediated RAS Signaling Via Membraneless Cytoplasmic Protein Granules

Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-mediated activation of downstream effector pathways such as the RAS GTPase/MAP kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade is thought to occur exclusively from lipid membrane compartments in mammalian cells. Here, we uncover a membraneless, protein granule-based subcellular structure that can organize RTK/RAS/MAPK signaling in cancer. Chimeric (fusion) oncoproteins involving certain RTKs including ALK and RET undergo de novo higher-order assembly into membraneless cytoplasmic protein granules. These pathogenic biomolecular condensates locally concentrate the RAS activating complex GRB2/SOS1 and activate RAS in a lipid membrane-independent manner to initiate MAPK signaling. Formation of membraneless protein granules by RTK oncoproteins is both necessary and sufficient for RAS/MAPK signaling output in cells. Our findings reveal membraneless, higher-order cytoplasmic protein assembly as a distinct subcellular platform to activate RTKs and RAS GTPases and a general principle by which cells can organize oncogenic signaling.
Staying in Shape: Learning Invariant Shape Representations using ContrastiveLearning

Creating representations of shapes that are invariant to isometric or almost-isometric transformations has long been an area of interest in shape analysis, since enforcing invariance allows the learning of more effective and robust shape representations. Most existing invariant shape representations are handcrafted, and previous work on learning shape representations do not focus on producing invariant representations. To solve the problem of learning unsupervised invariant shape representations, we use contrastive learning, which produces discriminative representations through learning invariance to user-specified data augmentations. To produce representations that are specifically isometry and almost-isometry invariant, we propose new data augmentations that randomly sample these transformations. We show experimentally that our method outperforms previous unsupervised learning approaches in both effectiveness and robustness.
Saving Cities: The Road Ahead

While the preceding chapters laid out several of the theoretical and practical elements that come with saving technologies, the view showing how to create saving cities would benefit from additional explorations. This chapter does just that. It identifies some wicked technologies, and then it examines some nascent alternatives that could help municipalities move towards saving-city status. In turn, a more comprehensive picture emerges, revealing more of what a saving city would look like. Although these technologies will require additional research and development in city halls, voting booths, laboratories, and boardrooms, the conceptual depictions below provide motivation and guidance for such measures.
TU-F-CAMPUS-T-04: Variations in Nominally Identical Small Fields From Photon Jaw Reproducibility and Associated Effects On Small Field Dosimetric Parameters

Purpose: To investigate uncertainties in small field output factors and detector specific correction factors from variations in field size for nominally identical fields using measurements and Monte Carlo simulations. Methods: Repeated measurements of small field output factors are made with the Exradin W1 (plastic scintillation detector) and the PTW microDiamond (synthetic diamond detector) in beams from the Elekta Precise linear accelerator. We investigate corrections for a 0.6x0.6 cm2 nominal field size shaped with secondary photon jaws at 100 cm source to surface distance (SSD). Measurements of small field profiles are made in a water phantom at 10 cm depth using both detectors and are subsequently used for accurate detector positioning. Supplementary Monte Carlo simulations with EGSnrc are used to calculate the absorbed dose to the detector and absorbed dose to water under the same conditions when varying field size. The jaws in the BEAMnrc model of the accelerator are varied by a reasonable amount to investigate the same situation without the influence of measurements uncertainties (such as detector positioning or variation in beam output). Results: For both detectors, small field output factor measurements differ by up to 11 % when repeated measurements are made in nominally identical 0.6x0.6 cm2 fields. Variations in the FWHM of measured profiles are consistent with field size variations reported by the accelerator. Monte Carlo simulations of the dose to detector vary by up to 16 % under worst case variations in field size. These variations are also present in calculations of absorbed dose to water. However, calculated detector specific correction factors are within 1 % when varying field size because of cancellation of effects. Conclusion: Clinical physicists should be aware of potentially significant uncertainties in measured output factors required for dosimetry of small fields due to field size variations for nominally identical fields.
Analysis of slow-frequency-hop satellite communications using ambiguity functions

Factors that designers of future satellite systems must consider include the spacing of channels, the shaping of the transmitted pulse, and the resilience of the system to errors in estimating the timing and frequency of the received signal. In this paper it is demonstrated that each of these concerns can be addressed by using an analysis based on the ambiguity function. The relationship between the system performance and the ambiguity function is derived for a slow-frequency-hop satellite link that employs QPSK modulation. To allow for closer spacing of adjacent channels a window function is applied to each transmitted signal. For a number of different pulse shapes and window functions the amount of adjacent channel interference and intersymbol interference is determined, and the effects of timing errors are demonstrated.
Biochemical and Serological Characteristics of a Yersinia enterocolitica Isolate

Yersinia enterocolitica was isolated from human mesenteric lymph nodes. Its morphological characteristics and biochemical and serological reactions are described.
The lactic dehydrogenase of yeast. III. D(-)Lactic cytochrome c reductase, a zinc-flavoprotein from aerobic yeast.

Abstract The d -lactic cytochrome reductase of the respiratory particles of aerobic yeast has been solubilized and isolated in apparently homogeneous form. The enzyme possesses high selectivity both toward substrates and electron carriers: only d -lactate and d -α-hydroxybutyrate are oxidized at appreciable rates; phenazine methosulfate and cytochrome c are the only electron carriers which have been found to be active. The action of the enzyme appears to be irreversible. The reductase contains 1 mole FAD per 50 000 ± 5000 g protein and 1 g atom Zn2+ per 22 000–27 000 g protein. Partial reversible resolution with respect to the flavin has been accomplished. The Zn2+ moiety is very tightly bound. This appears to be the first direct demonstration of the existence of Zn-flavoproteins.
Abstract T MP2: Infarct Pattern After Reperfusion: A Voxel Based Analysis

Background and purpose: Recanalization reduces final infarct volume, an important predictor of clinical outcome. Lesion location is also a determinant of outcome, however, the extent to which recanalization affects lesion topography has yet to be explored. Are there brain regions more likely to be spared if recanalization occurs? We investigated this question by using voxel-based lesion mapping to examine the effect of recanalization on infarct topography in middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Methods: Consecutive patients with acute stroke from MCA occlusion were examined to identify brain regions characteristically spared with recanalization (R+) (TICI 2a to 3), but damaged in patients with persistent occlusions (R-). The lesions were drawn directly on the MRI or CT images and then transformed into stereotaxic space using MRIcroN software. Lesions were superimposed to create voxel-based lesion plots for each group. A leibemeister test was performed comparing the two groups at every brain voxel, with Bonferroni correction. Results: Twenty-one patients were included: 11 had endovascular recanalization (R+) and 10 received no or unsuccessful treatment (R-). The figure shows the lesion overlay plots and the statistical map resulting from the analysis. In total, 5,250,682 voxels were tested, yielding a Bonferroni corrected P 0.1). Conclusions: Our analysis did not reveal brain regions characteristically spared with recanalization. Prior studies have shown reduced infarct volume after recanalization; ours did not, and this may be the underlying reason why no salvage pattern was observed. The effect of recanalization on stroke topography remains an important, unexplored area. We have shown that voxel-based lesion mapping has potential as a biomarker in endovascular therapy. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Effect of sodium oleate on plasma secretin concentration and pancreatic secretion in dog

The effects of sodium oleate and triglyceride infused into the duodenum of dogs with chronic pancreatic fistulas on pancreatic secretion and plasma immunoreactive secretin were investigated. The responses were compared with those following intravenous secretin infusions. Oleate markedly increased pancreatic water and bicarbonate secretion in a dose-related fashion, and these increases were accompanied by a small, but significant rise in the level of circulating immunoreactive secretin. No change in pancreatic secretion or in plasma secretin level was observed by the administration of triglyceride. Comparison of the bicarbonate response after oleate infusion with that after secretin administration suggests that the pancreatic stimulatory effect of intraduodenal sodium oleate is mediated to a major extent by the release of endogenous secretin.
End-Point Control of a Two-Link Manipulator with a Very Flexible Forearm: Issues and Experiments

An important consideration when designing a control system is where to place sensors. For mechanical manipulators, a logical sensor location is at the manipulator end-point where tasks are performed. Unfortunately, when bending flexibility exists between an end-point sensor and a joint actuator, stability and performance are achieved only through a sophisticated control design. Some of the issues involved in utilizing end-point sensing for two-link flexible manipulators are addressed in this paper. First, a modelling technique is presented that properly represents the foreshortening of a flexible link undergoing deflections, as are the resulting terms that appear in the equations of motion. An example illustrates how this technique corrects a simulation that otherwise incorrectly predicts that the manipulator end-point will exceed workspace limits. Next, in order to realize fully the advantages of the assumed-modes modelling method, mode shapes are selected that allow a low-order model to be used effectively for simulation and control purposes. Then, a nonlinear controller, incorporating state feedback and a constant gain extended Kalman filter driven by end-point measurements, is designed and compared to a conventional proportional-plus-derivative controller that uses collocated sensors. Finally, the results are presented from implementing these controllers on the experimental Stanford Multi-Link Flexible Manipulator configured with a rigid upper arm and a very flexible forearm.
Improved Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst propagation using dexamethasone suppressed CF-1 mice

Abstract This study evaluates Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst production in dexamethasone suppressed CF-1 and C57BL/6 mice. Both models can yield 1 × 10 9 total oocysts over a 20-day production period; however, only 20 CF-1 mice are required to reliably achieve this goal compared to 40 C57BL/6 mice. Although oocyst yields per mouse are similar for both mouse strains, the survival rate for CF-1 mice is higher, resulting in reduced lost production time per study when compared to the C57BL/6 mice. This study presents a more efficient and cost effective dexamethasone suppressed murine model of propagating high concentrations of C. parvum oocysts.
Update on biologics in juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Purpose of reviewThe purpose of this review is to summarize the recent data on biologic therapies in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. The armamentarium for treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis is expanding at a rapid rate, and improved physical and functional outcomes are anticipated. New data f
Behavior Problem Patterns among the Learning Disabled: Boys Aged 6-11.

Problem-behavior rating scale data on elementary-aged learning disabled and normal boys were factor analyzed according to the Quay and Peterson (Note 1) procedures. Somewhat different factors were identified for normal and learning disabled groups. The discussion focuses on the implications of the findings for a current issue in child psychopathology — hyperactivity as distinct from other conduct problems — and for classifying youngsters' behavior and emotional problems.
Location, Location, Location: Membrane Targeting Directed by PX Domains

Phosphoinositide (PI)-binding domains play critical roles in the intracellular localization of a variety of cell-signaling proteins. The 120-amino acid Phox homology (PX) domain targets proteins to organelle membranes through interactions between two conserved basic motifs within the PX domain and specific PIs. The combination of protein-lipid and protein-protein interactions ensures the proper localization and regulation of PX domain-containing proteins. Upon proper localization, PX domain-containing proteins can then bind to additional proteins and execute their functions in a diverse set of biological pathways, including intracellular protein transport, cell growth and survival, cytoskeletal organization, and neutrophil defense.
Systematically implementing enterprise‐wide strategies: Integrated enabling planning

This paper discusses a general approach to integrating overallcompany and departmental strategic planning, as well as some tools for overcoming problems often encountered in effectively achieving such integration and in implementing enterprise-wide strategies. The discussion is in two parts: (a) An integrated situational approach— assessing critical factors; (b) the integration and implementation of enterprise-wide strategies and departmental enabling strategies in light of these critical situation factors.
Practitioners' Perceptions of Empowerment

The term “empowerment” has been widely adopted in social work and other areas of contemporary culture, yet its meanings are not clearly agreed upon. This article discusses the various uses of this term in both the social-work and mental-health literature. These conceptualizations are then compared with the results of a small qualitative study, in which practitioners from the Deep South discussed their understandings of the meaning of empowerment. Central to their ideas about empowerment were a set of paradoxes and redundancies with other constructs, especially self-determination. Although the concept of empowerment had heuristic value, it was most relevant for work with individuals, rather than larger social forces. While this is in contrast to the broader use of this term in the theoretical literature, it is consistent with other literature about practitioners' views of this vaguely defined term.