cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aggregated Probabilistic Wind Power Forecasting Based on Spatio-Temporal Correlation

In this paper, an aggregated probabilistic wind power forecasting method by considering spatio-temporal effects is proposed, which consists of three major components: Q-learning enhanced deterministic forecasting, marginal distribution fitting, and aggregated probabilistic wind power forecasting. A high-dimensional joint distribution is used to model the spatiotemporal correlation among the member wind farms through Copula, where the marginal distributions are built from historical aggregated wind power observations and forecasts from member wind farms. Then, a conditional distribution of the aggregated wind power is deduced through the Bayesian theory, which is used for aggregated probabilistic forecasts. Numerical results of a 3 wind farms case study show that the performance of the aggregated probabilistic wind power forecasting is enhanced by considering the spatio-temporal correlation among individual wind farms.
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (q-MRI) for the assessment of soft-tissue sarcoma treatment response: a narrative case review of technique development.

Abstract Soft-tissue sarcomas are a heterogeneous class of tumors that exhibit varying degrees of cellularity and cystic degeneration in response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This creates unique challenges in the radiographic assessment of treatment response when relying on conventional markers such as tumor diameter (RECIST criteria). In this case series, we provide a narrative discussion of technique development for whole tumor volume quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (q-MRI), highlighting cases from a small pilot study of 8 patients (9 tumors) pre- and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy. One of the methods of q-MRI analysis (the “constant-cutoff” technique) was able to predict responders versus non-responders based on percent necrosis and viable tumor volume calculations (p = 0.05), respectively. Our results suggest that q-MRI of whole tumor volume contrast enhancement may have a role in tumor response assessment, although further validation is needed.
Navigating Disciplinary Boundaries: Two Stories of Collaborative Teaching in English and Social Studies

This narrative inquiry shares the stories of two teachers’ collaborative experiences with their counterparts in social studies and English. The primary objective was to learn about how these teache...
Battery Module Performance Analysis under Varying Interconnection Topology for Electric Vehicles

Cell and Stack Balancing is an integral feature defining the operation of a battery management system (BMS). This paper compares two different cell/stack interconnection topologies on a distributed active balancing scheme by proposing a unique voltage equalization algorithm combining top and bottom balancing for a 6s2p medium-voltage, medium-current battery pack. Detailed steps to model a cell based on the Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization (HPPC) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) test data in order to build a simulation based BMS model are also provided. Results indicate comparatively lower balancing time for the non-interleaved interconnection topology.
Predicting Aggressive Behavior in Nonfunctional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors with Emphasis on Tumor Size Significance and Survival Trends: A Population-Based Analysis of 1787 Patients

BackgroundNonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PNETs) are rare tumors with continued controversies in management. This study aims to identify demographic and clinicopathologic charact...
Parametric modal analysis of an induced-strain actuated wing-like plate for pitch and heave coupling response:

This article investigates the feasibility of a plate-like flapping wing with varying geometric and boundary conditions actuated by surface-bonded piezoelectric material devices. The most influentia...
Why is personality tied to sleep quality? A biometric analysis of twins

Abstract Despite consistent links between personality traits and poor sleep, little is known about genetic and environmental influences that may produce them. This study examined how much genetic background and environmental experiences contributed to phenotypic linkages between personality and subjective sleep quality. Seven hundred and thirty-four twin pairs from the Minnesota Study of Twin Aging and Development rated their sleep quality and provided personality reports. Bi-variate analyses revealed that genetic factors accounted for the majority of observed associations between subjective sleep quality and traits, but also that non-shared environmental experience played a role that varied across traits. The findings strongly implicate genotype in tying subjective sleep quality to personality variation, alongside non-shared environmental influences, and suggest indicate influences unique to individual traits.
Human Papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) E2 Repression of TWIST1 Transcription Is a Potential Mediator of HPV16 Cancer Outcomes.

ABSTRACT Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative agents in around 5% of all cancers, including cervical and oropharyngeal. A feature of HPV cancers is their better clinical outcome compared with non-HPV anatomical counterparts. In turn, the presence of E2 predicts a better clinical outcome in HPV-positive cancers; the reason(s) for the better outcome of E2-positive patients is not fully understood. Previously, we demonstrated that HPV16 E2 regulates host gene transcription that is relevant to the HPV16 life cycle in N/Tert-1 cells. One of the genes repressed by E2 and the entire HPV16 genome in N/Tert-1 cells is TWIST1. Here, we demonstrate that TWIST1 RNA levels are reduced in HPV-positive versus HPV-negative head and neck cancer and that E2 and HPV16 downregulate both TWIST1 RNA and protein in our N/Tert-1 model; E6/E7 cannot repress TWIST1. E2 represses the TWIST1 promoter in transient assays and is localized to the TWIST1 promoter; E2 also induces repressive epigenetic changes on the TWIST1 promoter. TWIST1 is a master transcriptional regulator of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and a high level of TWIST1 is a prognostic marker indicative of poor cancer outcomes. We demonstrate that TWIST1 target genes are also downregulated in E2-positive N/Tert-1 cells and that E2 promotes a failure in wound healing, a phenotype of low TWIST1 levels. We propose that the presence of E2 in HPV-positive tumors leads to TWIST1 repression and that this plays a role in the better clinical response of E2-positive HPV tumors. IMPORTANCE HPV16-positive cancers have a better clinical outcome that their non-HPV anatomical counterparts. Furthermore, the presence of HPV16 E2 RNA predicts a better outcome for HPV16-positive tumors; the reasons for this are not known. Here, we demonstrate that E2 represses expression of the TWIST1 gene; an elevated level of this gene is a marker of poor prognosis for a variety of cancers. We demonstrate that E2 directly binds to the TWIST1 promoter and actively represses transcription. TWIST1 is a master regulator promoting EMT, and here, we demonstrate that the presence of E2 reduces the ability of N/Tert-1 cells to wound heal. Overall, we propose that the E2 repression of TWIST1 may contribute to the better clinical outcome of E2-positive HPV16-positive tumors.
Gravitational Clustering from Chi^2 Initial Conditions

We consider gravitational clustering from primoridal non-Gaussian fluctuations provided by a $\chi^2$ model, as motivated by some models of inflation. The emphasis is in signatures that can be used to constrain this type of models from large-scale structure galaxy surveys. Non-Gaussian initial conditions provide additional non-linear couplings otherwise forbidden by symmetry that cause non-linear gravitational corrections to become important at larger scales than in the Gaussian case. In fact, the lack of hierarchical scaling in the initial conditions is partially restored by gravitational evolution at scales $k> 0.1$ h/Mpc. However, the bispectrum shows much larger amplitude and residual scale dependence not present in evolution from Gaussian initial conditions that can be used to test this model against observations. We include the effects of biasing and redshift distortions essential to compare this model with galaxy redshift surveys. We also discuss the effects of primordial non-Gaussianity on the redshift-space power spectrum and show that it changes the shape of the quadrupole to monopole ratio through non-linear corrections to infall velocities.
The Utility of Functional Data Analyses to Reveal Between-Limbs Asymmetries in Those With a History of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

CONTEXT Researchers have traditionally used motion capture to quantify discrete biomechanical data points (peak values) during hop testing. However, these analyses restrict the evaluation to a single time point (ie, certain percentage of stance) and provide only a narrow view of movement. Applying more comprehensive analyses may help investigators identify important characteristics that are masked by the discrete analyses often used to screen patients for activity. OBJECTIVE To examine the utility of functional data analyses to reveal asymmetries that are undetectable using discrete (ie, single time point) evaluations in participants with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) who achieved clinical hop symmetry. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Fifteen participants with unilateral ACLR (age = 21 ± 3 years, time from surgery = 4 ± 3 years) and 15 control participants without ACLR (age = 23 ± 2 years). INTERVENTION(S) Lower extremity biomechanics during the triple-hop-for-distance task for the ACLR and contralateral limbs of patients and a representative limb of control participants were measured. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Peak sagittal-plane joint power, joint work, and power profiles were determined. RESULTS Using discrete analyses, we identified lower peak knee power and work in the ACLR limb compared with the contralateral and control limbs (P < .05) but were unable to demonstrate differences at the ankle or hip. Using functional data analyses, we observed asymmetries at the ankle, knee, and hip between the ACLR and contralateral or control limbs throughout stance (P < .05) and revealed that these asymmetries stemmed from knee power deficits that were prominent during early loading. CONCLUSIONS Despite achieving hop-distance symmetry, the ACLR limbs absorbed less power. Although this information was revealed using the discrete analyses, underlying asymmetries at the ankle and hip were masked. Using functional data analyses, we found interlimb asymmetries at the ankle, knee, and hip throughout ground contact and more fully elucidated the extent and source of asymmetries that can be used by clinicians and researchers alike to guide clinical decision making.
A Review of the Regulatory Impact Analysis of Risk-based Capital Regulations

This paper reviews the cost-benefit analysis, or "regulatory impact analysis" (RIA), in U.S. bank regulators' risk-based capital (RBC) rule proposals. We provide a brief background on RBC rules and review the literature on their costs and benefits. We evaluate 25 proposed RBC rules and related rules on bank liquidity. We find that eight of the 25 rules include RIAs, and none provide quantitative evidence that the benefits exceed the costs. In two proposals, the evidence cited indicates the rules' net benefits may actually be negative.
The Developing Law of Employee Non-Competition Agreements: Correcting Abuses: Making Adjustment to Enhance Economic Growth

This article tracks the rise in non-competition agreements once used mainly by companies seeking to control departures by executive-level employees who start at a competitor; and now such agreements are used for manager-level, and even hourly employees. Non-compete agreements adversely impact job mobility, wage growth and new professional opportunities, and they are potentially anti-competitive as an unreasonable restraint on trade. This article examines trends in the state law of non-compete agreements, and how courts evaluate legitimate employer interests, the hardships to employees, and the public interests. Some jurisdictions uphold non-compete agreements entirely; others modify overly-broad terms, while still others have ruled these agreements are unenforceable. There are many economic effects to non-compete agreements are implementing appropriate policies are necessary to accommodate competing interests of employers in maintaining their business , employees in their ability to work and seek new opportunities, and the public’s interest in maintaining a robust economy.
Institutional Investors and Executive Compensation

We find that institutional ownership concentration is positively related to the pay-for-performance sensitivity of executive compensation and negatively related to the level of compensation, even after controlling for firm size, industry, investment opportunities, and performance. These results suggest that the institutions serve a monitoring role in mitigating the agency problem between shareholders and managers. Additionally, we find that clientele effects exist among institutions for firms with certain compensation structures, suggesting that institutions also influence compensation structures through their preferences
Legal Formalities and Improprieties: Mayer on the Inquisition Trying Galileo

This essay is a critical examination of Thomas Mayer’s The Roman Inquisition: Trying Galileo (2015). I argue that Mayer’s book does have a few small merits: it displays considerable diligence and hard work in archival research; its legal orientation is potentially fruitful; its prosopographical approach provides some useful information; and its central thesis shows ingenuity and is challengingly provocative. However, I also argue that Mayer’s book has many major flaws: its account of the 1616 Inquisition orders to Galileo is one-sided, insofar as it focuses arbitrarily on the order by the Inquisition’s commissary, to the exclusion of those by cardinal-inquisitor Bellarmine and by Pope Paul V; Mayer’s account is too formalistic, insofar as it stresses the form of the commissary’s order and neglects the content; it lacks conceptual clarity and precision, insofar as it ignores the important differences in the contents of these orders; it commits a fallacy of equivocation, insofar as it fails to properly distinguish among the documentary authenticity, the historical accuracy, and the legal validity of the commissary’s order; and it is hyper-legalistic, insofar as it perverts the concept of law, which Mayer pretends to articulate.
Sorption and transformation of biocides from hydraulic fracturing in the Marcellus Shale: a review

Biocides are applied as chemical additives in hydraulic fracturing fluids to control subsurface microbial activity. When biocides are released into the subsurface, their fate is controlled by sorption to solids and heterogeneous electron transfer (redox) reactions at the mineral–fluid interface. The ability to predict whether produced water may contain unreacted biocides, or biocide–mineral transformation products, is relevant for defining optimal produced water treatment and beneficial use approaches. This article reviews major minerals that may impact biocide sorption and reactivity in the Marcellus Shale, with a specific focus on biocide–mineral interactions. The chemical and physical properties of quartz, illite, chlorite, pyrite, calcite and dolomite are presented and their reactions with organic compounds structurally similar to biocides are identified. Oxygen-containing functional groups are common among organic biocides, where the carbonyl (–C=O) substructure is integrated into many biocides. Cationic surfactant biocides are expected to sorb to every mineral. Clays, because of their negative surface charge and comparatively high surface area, make excellent sorbents of positively charged biocides. Sorption to organic matter is expected to be limited due to the very polar groups found in biocides. Pyrite is most likely to cause transformation of biocides due to its ability to reduce halogenated organic compounds and initiate Fenton-like reactions, which generate non-specific hydroxyl radicals that react with biocides. Carbonate minerals may act as potential chemisorption sites for biocides possessing a carbonyl group adjacent to another electronegative group. However, the rapid dissolution of this mineral limits its persistence at the mineral–fluid interface. These potential sorption versus transformation reactions can be applied to predict biocide fate in unconventional oil and gas reservoirs and, where appropriate, other subsurface reservoirs used for energy resource extraction or storage.
On Scheduling in Distributed Transactional Memory: Techniques and Tradeoffs

Data centers have been increasingly employed in distributed services to support a vast of amount of consumer requests. The requests range from web services to gaming for computation intensive applications. In order to process these requests, the data centers exploit in-memory data for high performance and ensure transactional properties for concurrent requests such as atomicity, consistency, and isolation. Traditionally lock-based synchronization has been used for the consistency of data, but is inherently error-prone. For example, coarse-grained locking, in which a large data structure is protected using a single lock is simple and easy to use, but permits little concurrency. In contrast, with fine-grained locking, in which each component of a data structure (e.g., a hash table bucket) is protected by a lock, programmers must acquire only necessary and sufficient locks to obtain maximum concurrency without compromising safety, and must avoid deadlocks when acquiring multiple locks. Both these situations are highly prone to programmer errors.
Implementation Approaches for Reconfigurable Logic Applications

Reconfigurable FPGAs provide designers with new implementation approaches for designing high-performance applications. This paper discusses two basic implementation approaches with FPGAs: compiletime reconfiguration and run-time reconfiguration. Compile-time reconfiguration is a static implementation strategy where each application consists of one configuration. Run-time reconfiguration is a dynamic implementation strategy where each application consists of multiple cooperating configurations. This paper introduces these strategies and discusses the implementation approaches for each strategy. Existing applications for each strategy are also discussed.
Aporphine and Morphinan Alkaloids

The aporphine and morphinan alkaloids can be conveniently considered together because they often occur together in the same plant, and also because in terms of structure they can both be derived from a benzylisoquinoline skeleton by additional ring closures:
Control of heme biosynthesis: Effect of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide on the induction of δ-aminolevulinate synthetase

Abstract The control of heme biosynthesis in mouse liver was investigated by chemically inducing formation of the rate-limiting enzyme, δ-aminolevulinate synthetase, with either allylisopropylacetamide or dihydrodicarbethoxycollidine. In both instances, the simultaneous administration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide depressed enzyme activity. The NAD was shown not to cause enzyme inhibition and was assumed to prevent enzyme induction. Possible modes of action of NAD were considered, especially stimulation of a pathway for NADH oxidation via succinate oxidase, thus bypassing the hypothetical inhibition of NADH oxidase that leads to accelerated heme biosynthesis.
Respiratory protection programs for firefighters: a survey of practices for the state of Kentucky.

OBJECTIVE Firefighters play a crucial role as first responders in a variety of situations that can expose them to respiratory hazards. To ensure their safety and health, fire departments should have a respiratory protection program in place for all firefighters. A survey of Kentucky fire departments was conducted to assess their respiratory protection practices, barriers to program implementation, and medical evaluation programs. METHOD A 21-question survey assessing respiratory practices during the previous 12 months was mailed to all Kentucky fire departments. RESULTS A 62% survey response rate was achieved, with 116 of Kentucky's 120 counties returning at least one survey. All respondents indicated they were utilizing some type of respiratory protection, but only 37% indicated they had a written respiratory protection program. Compensation status and department sizes were found to be significant variables (p < 0.01) in determining if a fire department had a written respiratory protection program. Lack of funding (48%) and lack of understanding (39%) were cited as the greatest barriers to program implementation. Only 51% indicated they require their firefighters to receive a fit testing of their respirator, and 23% indicated they had a health-care provider who reviewed medical questionnaires or provided medical evaluations. CONCLUSION This survey indicates that many Kentucky fire departments are not meeting the legal and voluntary respiratory protection standards and guidelines, and demonstrates the need for improved education and funding to ensure that firefighters are adequately protected from respiratory hazards. This is particularly applicable to small rural volunteer departments, which had the greatest gap in compliance.
Complementing Confocal Detection of Antibody-labeled Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptors in Human Gingivae with Label-free Second Harmonic Generation Confocal Microscopy Detection of Collagen

We have found that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) controls the healing and [Ca2+]i responses of human gingival fibroblasts via the LPA1 and LPA3 receptor subtypes, and that LPA3 may modulate their inflammatory responses. We have used immunofluorescence to detect LPA receptor (LPAR) distribution in human gingivae, but that technique does not afford visualization of the state of collagen fiber organization. We hypothesized that using the second harmonic generation (SHG) technique would enable detection of changes in the appearance, collagen fibril density, and fibril organizational structure of human gingiva, and that this technique would complement visualizing LPAR expression by confocal microscopy. Pieces of intact, paraformaldehyde-fixed, methanol:acetone (1:1) de-lipidated attached gingivae [~1.25 mm thick (from IRB-approved, consented donors) normal or with moderate-severe periodontal disease] were used. Confocal analysis using anti-LPA1 and anti–LPA3 antibodies confirmed that LPA3 is primarily found in t...
Coronary artery disease and major conduction disturbances. A pathologic study designed to correlate vascular and conduction system abnormalities with electrocardiogram.

Abstract A technique for correlating vascular anatomy with conduction tissue structures in the human heart has been described. This technique was used to study eight selected cases of coronary artery disease who demonstrated major conduction disturbances by ECG. 1. The following conclusions are reached: 1. There is good correlation between histologic changes in the major pathways of the conduction system and demonstrable electrocardiographic abnormalities. 2. 2. There is poor correlation between specific vascular pathology and histologic changes in the major conduction pathways, except when related to fresh vascular occlusive disease. 3. 3. The development of collateral circulation in the upper interventricular septum is the one anatomic feature which appears to govern the relationship between vascular and conduction tissue pathology. 4. 4. The broad spectrum of pathologic processes in coronary artery disease associated with major conduction disturbances is felt to account for the marked variability in the clinical setting and course of these cases.
High-pressure vapor—liquid equilibria for mixtures containing one or more polar components

Abstract Perturbed-hard-chain theory is extended to include chemical dimerization equilibria for strongly polar molecules. Using four adjustable molecular parameters, the extended theory gives good representation of the PVT properties of polar fluids, including water, alcohols and ketones. For nonpolar fluids only three adjustable parameters are required. Straightforward extension to mixtures requires one characteristic binary parameter for “physical” interactions and, for polar-polar mixtures, another for “chemical” interactions. The combined “physical and chemical” theory gives good representation for a variety of binary mixtures containing polar and/or nonpolar components. Particular attention is given to the systems methanol-water and ethanol-water where good results are obtained at pressures ranging from atmospheric to over 100 bars.
Malaria control stymied in 2010 mastered in 2025.

Presented in a question-and-answer form this article discusses: the availability of necessary tools for tackling parasite resistance to drugs and mosquito resistance to insecticides; the effectiveness of the Roll Back Malaria horizontal program; the accuracy of malaria control strategies; and the probability of the Roll Back Malaria program’s controlling malaria in 2010 and 2025. It is projected that in 2010 over 80% of the population in every village in malarious areas of Africa will be sleeping under insecticide-impregnated mosquito nets every night. Fever clinics with effective antimalarial drugs will exist within 5 km of 80% of the villages. However the strategies of patient management selective treatment and chemoprophylaxis during pregnancy bednet distribution and epidemic containment will have little long-term impact on transmission. In 2025 over 90% of persons in rural malarious areas will be sleeping under long-duration insecticide-impregnated bed nets and using insecticide-impregnated clothing and soap with effective nontoxic insect repellents. Malarial first-line therapy chloroquine and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine will be replaced by new low-cost antimalarial drugs. New treatment and prevention interventions will be existent through the use of improved genetic understanding of mosquitoes parasites and human susceptibility to malaria.
Competition and the Quality of Standard Form Contracts: An Empirical Analysis of Software License Agreements

Most commercial transactions are governed by standard form contracts. But despite the ubiquity of standard forms, there has been little empirical study of their content and determinants. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of 647 software license agreements, paying special attention to the role of competitive forces in shaping standard terms. Friedrich Kessler argued that companies in concentrated industries, or companies with dominant market share, take advantage of their position by imposing one-sided standard terms that limit their obligations to consumers; other scholars have argued that market structure is irrelevant to the standard terms offered to buyers. The results support the latter view. While software products' prices are highly sensitive to competitive conditions such as concentration and market share, license agreement terms are not. By demonstrating that sellers with market power do not offer unusually harsh terms, the results suggest that an important aspect of the standard analysis of procedural unconscionability is misguided. More broadly, the analysis provides a wealth of descriptive detail about an important class of modern standard form contracts.
Detecting and Preventing Online Identity Deception in Social Networking Services

In the past decade social networking services (SNS) flooded the Web. The nature of such sites makes identity deception easy, offering a quick way to set up and manage identities, and then connect with and deceive others. Fighting deception requires a coordinated approach by users and developers to ensure detection and prevention. This article identifies the most prevalent approaches in detecting and preventing identity deception (from both a user's and developer's perspective), evaluating their efficiency, and providing recommendations to help eradicate this issue.
Affinity Labeling in the Presence of the Reduced Diphosphopyridine Nucleotide NADH Identifies Peptides Associated With the Activities of Human Placental 3β-Hydroxy-Δ5- Steroid Dehydrogenase/Isomerase

OBJECTIVE We sought to identify peptides associated with activity in the primary structure of human placental 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-steroid dehydrogenase/isomerase (3 beta-HSD/isomerase). METHODS Purified human placental 3 beta-HSD/isomerase was affinity-radioalkylated by 2 alpha-bromo [2'-14C]acetoxyprogesterone (2 alpha-[14C]BAP) in the presence or absence of the reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide, NADH. NADH protected both 3 beta-HSD and isomerase from inactivation by 2 alpha-[14C]BAP. Tryptic peptides of unprotected and NADH-protected radioalkylated enzyme were purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The amino acid sequence of each radiolabeled peptide was determined and localized within the cDNA-derived primary structure of the enzyme. RESULTS According to the sequence analyses, NADH shifted radioalkylation by 2 alpha-[14C]BAP away from the Arg-250 peptide (251GQFYYISDDTPHQSYDNLNYTLSK274) and toward the Lys-135 tryptic peptide (136EIIQNGHEEEPLENTWPAPYPHSK159). Based on amino acid analysis to quantitate radioactivity incorporated per nmol peptide, NADH decreased the radiolabeling of His262 in the Arg-250 peptide by 8.2-fold. His142 in the Lys-135 peptide was radiolabeled by 2 alpha-[14C]BAP only in the presence of NADH. CONCLUSIONS We have previously reported that the substrate pregnenolone blocks the inactivation of 3 beta-HSD by 2 alpha-[14C]BAP through the protection of His262 in the Arg-250 peptide. Protection by NADH against the inactivation of isomerase as well as 3 beta-HSD is evidence that 2 alpha-[14C]BAP binds at the active sites of both enzyme activities. Because the same Arg-250 peptide has been affinity-alkylated in studies that targeted each of the two activities, we propose that the 3 beta-HSD and isomerase reactions are catalyzed in this region of the enzyme protein.
On the Semantics of Troponymy

The principal relation linking verbs in a semantic network is the manner relation (or “troponymy”). We examine the nature of troponymy across different semantic domains and verb classes in an attempt to arrive at a more subtle understanding of this intuitive relation. Troponymy is not a semantically homogeneous relation; rather, it is polysemous and encompasses distinct sub-relations. We identify and discuss Manner, Function, and Result.
Role and rationale for extended periarterial sympathectomy in the management of severe Raynaud syndrome: techniques and results.

There is no consensus regarding etiology or best surgical technique for severe Raynaud syndrome in patients with connective tissue disease. Observations after 30 years' experience in more than 100 cases led to the conclusion that an extended periarterial sympathectomy (with or without vein-graft reconstruction) and adjunctive use of Botox topically will offer benefits that exceed palliation and reduce recurrent ulcerations. In this article the rationale for this approach is reviewed, techniques and results are outlined, and a hypothesis for the mechanism of Raynaud attacks is offered.
A study on the amoebo-flagellate transformation in the slime moldEchinostelium minutum de Bary

The structure and behavior of the non-flagellate and flagellate phases of the slime moldEchinostelium minutum de Bary are here described from living cultures examined with phasecontrast microscopy. The ultrastructure of the myxamoebal and swarm cell phases was studied in sectioned material fixed sequentially with glutaraldehyde-acrolein and OsO4.
Speciation of the reaction intermediates from n-dodecane oxidation in the low temperature regime

Abstract The oxidation of n-dodecane was studied with experiments in a pressurized flow reactor over the low temperature regime (550–830 K) at elevated pressure (0.8106 MPa) and lean equivalence ratio (0.23). n-Dodecane exhibited negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behavior such that fuel reactivity peaked around 700 K and then decreased with increasing temperature. Samples were extracted at a residence time of 120 ms and stable intermediates were analyzed utilizing a gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector coupled to a mass spectrometer. While a range of species were observed, a significant portion of n-dodecane decomposition was attributed to a select few species. These major carbon contributing intermediates included carbon oxides (CO and CO2), light aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and propanal), C12 alkylated tetrahydrofurans (2-propyl-5-iso-pentyltetrahydrofuran and two other incompletely identified isomers), lactones (5-methyl-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone and dihydro-2(3H)-furanone), and alkenes (ethene and 3-dodecene). The experimental results were compared to two kinetic models. The models captured the NTC behavior; however, discrepancies in measured formaldehyde, several light unsaturated species, and carbon monoxide indicate areas for model improvement. In the low temperature branching pathway from Livermore, a reaction path was identified (hydrogen abstraction from a secondary carbon followed by molecular oxygen addition and then internal hydrogen shift from the primary carbon) which would, if more active, predict the measured intermediate species. The data from this study provide targets for the continued refinement of kinetic models for n-dodecane.
Mathematical model of the dendritic growth during lithium electrodeposition

Abstract Dendritic growth of lithium during galvanostatic electrodeposition is modeled. The time-dependent concentration distribution near the lithium surface is computed by numerically solving the transport equation inside the diffusion boundary layer. The dendrite propagation rate, i.e., the dendrite tip current density, is calculated by analyzing the various overpotentials that develop at the dendrite tip and at the flat electrode surface. The surface overpotential at the dendrite tip due to its radius of curvature is also incorporated in the model; however, for typical dendrite tip radii, it is shown that this surface overpotential is very small. The dendrite tip propagation rate predicted by the model agrees reasonably well with experimental data from the literature. For dendritic growth under pure activation control, a simplified analytical expression for the tip current density is derived. The analytical expression shows that dendritic growth is suppressed in systems that exhibit a lower charge transfer coefficient.
Heroin prolongs survival time and retards tumor growth in mice with neuroblastoma

Abstract The effect of heroin on tumor growth and survival time was studied in mice with neuroblastoma. Daily SC injections of either 3, 6, 10, or 15 mg/kg heroin were initiated either 2 weeks prior to tumor cell inoculations (pre-treated groups) of 106 S20Y cells or one week after tumor transplantation (post-treated groups); control animals received saline injections prior to tumor cell inoculation (saline-tumor group). Heroin administration that began prior to tumor cell inoculation was effective in inhibiting tumor growth and prolonging life-span at all dosages utilized, but a dose-related response was not observed. A prolongation in mean survival time of 32–39% and median survival time of 8–50% was found in tumor-bearing animals of the pre-treated groups in comparison to mice in the saline-tumor group. Tumor growth was retarded in mice pre-treated with heroin, but mean tumor size of these animals was comparable to controls on the day of death. Only one post-treated group, 6 mg/kg, was observed to have alterations in tumor growth and survival time. Heroin's action in retarding tumor growth and prolonging life-span was blocked by concomitant administration of an opiate antagonist (naloxone, 10 mg/kg). These results suggest that, in addition to heroin's analgesic and behavioral properties, this opiate may have an even greater biologic significance by modulating neoplasia.
Systemism, system theory and social system modeling

Abstract In this paper it is argued that the traditional modeling paradigm of physics cannot be employed for most processes in the social and behavioral sciences. The critical ingredient making the classical physics-based modeling procedures work is the presence of a law, which organizes the data. The basic idea presented here is that, in the absence of a law, the model must be constructed solely from the data by mathematical means. The procedures for carrying out this prescription are introduced in non-technical terms, and a discussion is given of their implications for the social sciences.
Dis)agreement in Spanish

Abstract The supposedly superficial rule of Subject‐Verb Agreement in Spanish is examined. There exist three types of counterexamples for which this rule cannot account. Subsequently, its theoretical consequences are discussed and some potentially fruitful avenues of future research are suggested.
In Search of Jay Gould

Jay Gould's image is stamped heavily upon the picture historians have drawn of the “Gilded Age” of American economic development. Our lack of knowledge of the man, and our meager efforts to understand him, account in large measure for the fatuous traditional interpretation of the era. Professor Klein explains how the work of recent historians has made the hackneyed view of both the man and his age obsolete. He reviews the constructive role that Gould played in the rise of modern America, and offers an explanation of why the man was singled out for extraordinary condemnation in his own time.
Vacuum tunneling in spontaneously broken gauge theory

Abstract The vacuum of a spontaneously broken gauge theory is classified in terms of the scalar multiplet by π3(S2). The possibility of a vacuum tunneling is discussed, and in the weak coupling limit an explicit solution for a scalar instanton is constructed. This leads to an interesting possibility of the existence of another phase in the theory, i.e., the restored symmetry phase other than the normal Higgs-Kibble phase.
The electronic structure of Bi2.0Sr1.8La0.3Ca0.8Cu2.1O8+δ superconductors studied using ultraviolet and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Abstract Photoemission measurements on single crystals of La-doped 2212 (Bi2.0Sr1.8La0.3Ca0.8Cu2.1O8+δ) superconductors were carried out utilizing both synchrotron and Al Kα (1486.6 eV) radiation. A quantitative analysis of the photoemission data in comparison with similar data for the undoped 2212 material indicates that the La atoms preferentially occupy the Sr sites in the SrO layer next to the BiO plane. Evidence of alternation of the electronic environment of the Bi atoms is found in the Bi 5d core level spectra which show a shoulder at ≈ 1.2 eV higher binding energy, presumably due to the partial substitution of trivalent La ions (La3+) for divalent Sr ions (Sr2+). As for the undoped 2212 material, the photoemission spectra reveal a clear Fermi level cut-off at room temperature, single component O ls core level emission, and a Cu 2p satellite to main line intensity ratio of 0.4.
Fate of radio-tagged trawl web on an Alaskan beach

Thirty-five fragments of trawl web were radio-tagged on Kayak Island, Alaska, to determine their fate once stranded ashore. Tagged fragments placed in the immediate study area were monitored daily by a remote tracking station (RTS) from August 1994 to May 1995. Ground and aerial surveys in June 1995 located fragments that had moved out of the reception range of the RTS. Of the 35 tagged fragments, 18 (51%) remained on Kayak Island, whereas the whereabouts of 17 (49%) fragments were undetermined. Most fragments not relocated were lost during severe fall storms. Tagged fragments that remained on Kayak Island moved an average of 2.0 km from their original tagging location. Fragments not relocated were smaller (x = 1.25 kg) than those found (x = 6.28 kg). Missing fragments were likely washed back to sea. To reduce entanglement hazards to marine life, stranded trawl web should be removed from beaches during clean-ups to prevent possible reentry into the ocean.
A Multicultural Application of Attachment Theory with Immigrant Families: Contextual and Developmental Adaptations

This article explores attachment theory from a multicultural perspective to highlight adaptive considerations for immigrant families. The specific considerations of the theory reviewed are (1) attachment sensitivity based on social and cultural context and (2) the effect of maturation on families’ developmental needs and how this can be integrated within context. A case conceptualization of a Bosnian immigrant family living within the United States will highlight potential variations in the adaptation process. How therapists can support in providing culturally-sensitive applications of attachment theory to promote family relationships will be discussed.
Multiple plant heat integration in a total site

Heat integration across plants can be accomplished either directly using process streams or indirectly using intermediate fluids. Extensions to many plants of LP and MILP models previously developed for the two-plant case are presented. The targeting procedure first identifies the maximum possible savings for the whole system, and, subsequently, the minimum number of connections between the two-plant combinations required to obtain maximum savings is established. The location of intermediate fluid circuits to indirectly integrate the system is then found. Alternative solutions exist, which allow flexibility when the design of a multipurpose heat exchanger network is pursued. Finally, the optimal location of the circuits for cases of restricted operation is discussed.
Novel trans-3,4-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidines as μ opioid receptor antagonists with improved opioid receptor selectivity profiles

A series of N-substituted trans-3,4-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidines, μ opioid receptor antagonists, analogs of alvimopan, were prepared using solid phase methodology. This study led to the identification of a highly selective μ opioid receptor antagonist, which interacts selectively with μ peripheral receptors.
The Inferential and Experiential Bases of Metamemory

Olweus, D. (1979). Stability of aggressive reactionpattems in males; A review. Psychological Bul-letin, 86, 852-875.Shoda, Y., Mischel, W., & Wright, J.C. (1994).Intraindividual stability in the organizationand patterning of behavior; Incorporating psy-chological situations into the idiographicanalysis of personality, journal of Personality
Balance between Id and E proteins regulates myeloid-versus-lymphoid lineage decisions

Hematopoiesis consists of a series of lineage decisions controlled by specific gene expression that is regulated by transcription factors and intracellular signaling events in response to environmental cues. Here, we demonstrate that the balance between E-protein transcription factors and their inhibitors, Id proteins, is important for the myeloid-versus-lymphoid fate choice. Using Id1-GFP knockin mice, we show that transcription of the Id1 gene begins to be up-regulated at the granulocyte-macrophage progenitor stage and continues throughout myelopoiesis. Id1 expression is also stimulated by cytokines favoring myeloid differentiation. Forced expression of Id1 in multipotent progenitors promotes myeloid development and suppresses B-cell formation. Conversely, enhancing E-protein activity by expressing a variant of E47 resistant to Id-mediated inhibition prevents the myeloid cell fate while driving B-cell differentiation from lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors. Together, these results suggest a crucial function for E proteins in the myeloid-versus-lymphoid lineage decision.
VCSEL bonding to silicon and plastic substrates

Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) are important light sources for communication and sensing applications. The materials used for fabricating VCSEL emitting at 650–1000 nm are typically limited to GaAs-based compounds. Increasingly III–V semiconductor photonic devices have been bonded to Si [1] and other substrates [2]. To extend the applications of VCSELs, we demonstrate a bonding approach [3] for VCSEL transfer onto foreign substrates. Our transfer process incorporates fully fabricated VCSEL arrays which do not require additional processing after bonding and optical characteristics are maintained after bonding. In this work, we demonstrate transfer of VCSEL arrays onto silicon and flexible plastic substrates.
Asian Females in an Advertising Context: Exploring Skin Tone Tension

While the explosive literature on the portrayal of women in advertising has established a multitude of salient issues (e.g., sexual objectification), the skin tone of Asian models in ads and associated cultural underpinnings has not yet been examined. However, given the obsession in various Asian countries with skin whitening for women, it has the potential to be salient in Asian cultures in the United States. The current exploratory study examines the possibility of “skin tone tension” occurring in a diverse Asian sample in the United States and compares Caucasian to Asian reactions to a model's skin tone in a print ad. The results reflect cultural frameworks and provide a preliminary evidentiary starting point for further examination of this issue in various Asian cultures within the United States. Toward that end, extant theory is discussed and a new research agenda to extend such is proposed.
125I‐β‐nerve growth factor binding is reduced in rat brain after stress exposure

In the central nervous system (CNS), the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptor, NGFR, in cholinergic neurons has been demonstrated. In this study we report that, after exposure to stress, there was a reduction in total binding of NGF in the hippocampus and basal forebrain of 3.5-month-old rats without significant changes in the frontal cortex or cerebellum. Chronic treatment with acetyl-l-carnitine (ALCAR), that prevents some age-related impairments of CNS, for 1.5 months, decreased NGF binding in hippocampus and basal forebrain but abolished the stress-related reduction of NGF binding observed in the hippocampus of untreated rats.
A new mechanism for negative differential conductivity in superlattices

Abstract Electrons in a superlattice at high fields are suitably described in terms of localized states related to the potential wells. Conduction is dominated by transitions between adjacent wells if the potential drop over a superlattice period exceeds the width of the lowest miniband. It is shown that the probability of these transitions, and consequently the current as well, decrease with increasing field. This effect originates from decreasing overlap between electron states of neighbouring wells, and it is found for the interaction with acoustic phonons and with impurities as well.
TIME-COURSE OF TYROSINE TRANSAMINASE AND P-HYDROXYPHENYLPYRUVATE OXIDASE ACTIVITIES DURING THYROID ADMINISTRATION.

PREVIOUS work in this laboratory showed that the activity of the overall oxidation of tyrosine by rat liver systems was reduced after administration of thyroid preparations to normal rats, to hypophysectomized rats or to thyroparathyroidectomized rats, with respect to their appropriate controls1. At the same time, investigations were extended in vitro to show that the overall oxidations of tyrosine and of p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate were inhibited by thyroxine, and that tyrosine transaminase was more sensitive to the in vitro action of the hormone than was p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate oxidation. Further and more recent work with the tyrosine transaminase system in vitro2 has shown that thyroxine interacts with pyridoxal phosphate in a complicated fashion and that for this interaction to occur the presence of tyrosine is mandatory. This communication provides information which explains in large part the reduction of the overall tyrosine oxidation capacity of liver following administration of thyroid hormone in vivo.