cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MEASUREMENT OF THE MASS SPECIFIC EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT FOR ACETYLENE AND ETHENE SMOKE USING THE LARGE AGGLOMERATE OPTICS FACILITY

The mass specific extinction coefficient, σ s of smoke produced from acetylene and ethene fuel burned under laminar and turbulent conditions was measured using the Large Agglomerate Optics Facility. Key design features that enable a threefold reduction in the uncertainty compared with previous measurements include a 10-times longer pathlength, less than 0.05% drift in the light intensity ratio steady-state smoke generation and dilution, accurate flow calibration, and more precise filter weight measurements. The measurements of σ s are consistent with previous results obtained for smoke from a variety of fuels for both small- and large-scale fires. Specifically, the σ s , of 7.80 m 2 /g for acetylene smoke produced by a turbulent flame using the new apparatus, is in excellent agreement with 7.82 m 2 /g as reported by Choi et al. [3] for the same fuel. However, these values are significantly larger than the value of 4.5 m 2 /g obtained from the study of Wu et al. [7] for acetylene smoke from turbulent flames. The reliability of the present experimental measurements is supported by an absolute calibration using an aerosol comprised of particles of known size, density, and refractive index. The measured values of σ s , in this study appear to be inconsistent with the values of the refractive index of smoke widely used in the combustion community. Measurements of the specific extinction coefficient for acetylene and ethene smoke indicate that σ s depends on fuel type but displays little dependence on flame conditions (laminar or turbulent cases). For ethene smoke, the average specific extinction coefficient is 12% higher than for acetylene smoke. The larger σ s may be due to a beam-shielding effect that is dependent on the primary particle size and the number of spheres comprising an agglomerate.
An HLA-based multiagent system for optimized resource allocation after strong earthquakes

In this paper the author presents a distributed simulation system for disaster response activities based on the High Level Architecture (HLA). This simulation system focuses on resource management issues including the allocation of scarce response resources to operational areas and it consists of three major components: (1) simulators for the disaster environment, e.g., simulators for damages, casualties and fire spread, (2) simulators for the operations of personnel and technical equipment and (3) some auxiliary simulators. A Multiagent System which models resource allocation tasks within an Emergency Operation Center (EOC) is linked to this simulation. This paper describes the overall architecture of the system and presents some results based on a prototype implementation.
Three cases of dup(10p)/del(10q) syndrome resulting from maternal pericentric inversion.

Two families and 3 patients with dup(10p)/del(10q) syndrome segregating from a maternal pericentric inversion are described, including a stillborn female with Potter sequence and multicystic renal dysplasia. Comparison of 32 dup(10p) patients to 11 del(10)(q25) patients emphasized dolichocephaly, wide sutures, frontal bossing, micrognathia, and renal defects as distinguishing characteristics of the dup(10p) syndrome. The 3 new and 6 previously reported dup(10p)/del(10q) patients had several manifestations in common with the dup(10p) and del(10q) syndromes, but were more typical of dup(10p) syndromes, with respect to all 5 distinguishing characters. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The X-ray corona from Skylab

An overview of the images obtained with the A.S. & E. X-ray telescope on Skylab shows the low corona to be hitghly structured. The plasma is distributed in closed loops shaped by the magnetic field with sizes ranging from the smallest resolvable structures of a few thousand kilometres to loops that reach halfway across the solar disk. Relatively high-temperature and dense plasma loops overlay active regions; large-scale interconnections link active regions to their surrounding fields and in some cases to other active regions. The large-scale loops, which cover most of the Sun outside of active regions, appear to be related to old active regions whose magnetic fields have spread out over the course of several solar rotations. Often at the poles and occasionally on the disk, large regions display radial field configurations (coronal holes) from which the plasma preferentially escapes into high-velocity solar wind streams. A comprehensive view of the structure and evolution of the X-ray corona is given in terms of the physical conditions existing in the various coronal loops, and the importance of active regions is emphasized by examining their structure and time development over a wide range of scales.
Transformational Leadership, Interactional Justice, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Effects of Racial and Gender Dissimilarity Between Supervisors and Subordinates

We examined the mediating influence of interactional justice on relations between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Because the relational context in which supervisors and subordinates interact could influence the mediated effect of transformational leadership on OCB, we developed a first stage moderation model and examined supervisor–subordinate dissimilarities in race and gender as potential moderating variables. Analyses performed using 230 supervisor–subordinate dyads showed that racial dissimilarity moderated the mediated effect of transformational leadership on OCB transmitted through interactional justice. As hypothesized, the mediated effect of transformational leadership on OCB was stronger for subordinates who were racially dissimilar to their supervisors. Gender dissimilarity did not moderate the mediation model.
Relation of inversely graded deposits to suspended-sediment grain-size evolution during the 1996 flood experiment in Grand Canyon

Before Glen Canyon Dam was completed upstream from Grand Canyon, floods scoured sand from the channel bed and deposited sand on bars within recirculating eddies. After completion of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963, peak discharge of the mean annual floods dropped from about 2600 to 900 m 3 /s, and 85% of the sediment supply was eliminated. Under the postdam flow regime, sand bars in eddies have degraded. In an experiment to study, in part, the effects of floods in rebuilding these bars, a controlled flood was released from Glen Canyon Dam in late March and early April 1996. Although fluvial sequences characteristically fine upward, the deposits of the experimental flood systematically coarsen upward. Measurements of suspendedsediment concentration and grain size and of bed-material grain size suggest that the upward coarsening results from the channel becoming relatively depleted of fine-grained sediment during the seven days of the high-flow experiment. Predam flood beds of the Colorado River also coarsen upward, indicating that supply-limitation and grain-size evolution are natural processes that do not require the presence of a dam.
Inflammatory cytokine, growth factor and counterregulatory responses to exercise in children with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls.

: In children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), altered adaptive responses to exercise (secretion of growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, and glucoregulatory mediators) may have potential implications in growth and development, early onset of disease complications, and incidence of hypoglycemia. We therefore measured a broad spectrum of exercise responses in 12 children with T1DM (seven males and five females) and 12 controls (six males / six females) aged 11–15 yr, during a 30-min exercise challenge @ 80% VO2max. Euglycemia was strictly controlled during exercise, and in diabetic patients a basal rate of i.v. insulin was allowed to maintain baseline insulin concentrations. Throughout the experiment, interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations (pg/mL) were markedly higher in T1DM vs. controls (preexercise: 5.0 ± 1.3 vs. 1.9 ± 0.6, p < 0.02; end-exercise 5.3 ± 1.2 vs. 2.7 ± 1.0, p < 0.05; 30-min postexercise: 8.2 ± 2.2 vs. 3.9 ± 0.8, p < 0.05). A similar pattern was also observed with norepinephrine. Growth hormone (GH) concentration was similar in both groups at baseline and end-exercise, but in T1DM the exercise-induced GH remained significantly elevated 30 min after exercise (9.2 ± 2.2 vs. 3.1 ± 0.9 ng/L, p < 0.01). The exercise-induced increase in glucagon elicited by exercise in controls was similar to that previously observed in healthy adults (10 ± 3 pg/mL); however, it was significantly blunted in T1DM children (2 ± 2 pg/mL, p < 0.05). In conclusion, T1DM children displayed significant alterations in multiple aspects of their adaptive response to intense exercise.
Comparison of ion trap and triple quadrupole gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in the quantitative and qualitative trace analysis of muramic acid in complex matrices

Abstract During the past few years we helped introduce the use of gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GS-MS/MS) for trace detection of chemical markers for bacteria and their constituents in complex clinical and environmental matrices. A particular marker of interest is muramic acid found in bacteria but not elsewhere in nature. Absolute identification is achieved using the product ion spectrum and levels of chemical markers for bacteria determined by multiple reaction monitoring. Work directly comparing, the utility of ion trap and triple quadrupole GC-MS/MS instrumentation, in the quantitative and qualitative analysis of muramic acid, is presented here.
Emotional Contagion at Work: An In-Class Experiential Activity.

This article describes an in-class exercise designed to demonstrate the concept of emotional contagion. Empirical research has found that leader emotional displays at work relate to various member work attitudes and performance. However, students may have a difficult time understanding how and why emotions can influence organizational outcomes. Thus, the objective of this in-class exercise is to demonstrate how quickly and easily leader emotional displays stimulate contagion among group members. In addition, this exercise allows students to reflect on the influence of emotional labor and displayed versus felt leader emotional displays in organizations. Specifically, the exercise uses exaggerated leader emotional displays, and students get the opportunity to experience and reflect on how both authentic and inauthentic emotional displays are contagious. After reviewing the literature concerning emotional contagion, emotional labor, and emotional regulation strategies, this exercise is described in detail an...
Is Long-Term Love More Than A Rare Phenomenon? If So, What Are Its Correlates?

Some individuals in long-term marriages report intensities of romantic love comparable to individuals newly in love. How common is this? Are correlates of long-term romantic love consistent with theoretical models of love? In a random sample of 274 U.S. married individuals, 40% of those married over 10 years reported being “Very intensely in love.” Importantly, correlates of long-term intense love, as predicted by theory, were thinking positively about the partner and thinking about the partner when apart, affectionate behaviors and sexual intercourse, shared novel and challenging activities, and general life happiness. Wanting to know where the partner is at all times correlated significantly with intense love for men but not women. For women, but not men, passion about nonrelationship factors significantly correlated with intense love. In a random New York (NY) sample of 322 individuals married over 10 years, 29% reported being very intensely in love and our predicted correlates cross validated.
Computational Methods for Coptic: Developing and Using Part-of-Speech Tagging for Digital Scholarship in the Humanities

This article motivates and details the first implementation of a freely available part of speech tag set and tagger for Coptic. Coptic is the last phase of the Egyptian language family and a descendant of the hieroglyphs of ancient Egypt. Unlike classical Greek and Latin, few resources for digital and computational work have existed for ancient Egyptian language and literature until now. We evaluate our tag set in an inter-annotator agreement experiment and examine some of the difficulties in tagging Coptic data. Using an existing digital lexicon and a small training corpus taken from several genres of literary Sahidic Coptic in the first half of the first millennium, we evaluate the performance of a stochastic tagger applying a fine-grained and coarse-grained set of tags within and outside the domain of literary texts. Our results show that a relatively high accuracy of 94–95% correct automatic tag assignment can be reached for literary texts, with substantially worse performance on documentary papyrus data. We also present some preliminary applications of natural language processing to the study of genre, style, and authorship attribution in Coptic and discuss future directions in applying computational linguistics methods to the analysis of Coptic texts.
Reconciling concepts, theory, and empirical patterns surrounding cascade reinforcement.

Reinforcement is a critically important process in speciation. It has been credited with often completing speciation, and it is unique in that natural selection directly favors the evolution of reproductive isolating barriers. Reinforcement occurs when selection favors increased prezygotic isolation between two lineages in order to avoid maladaptive hybridization in areas of sympatry (Noor 1999; Servedio and Noor 2003; Coyne and Orr 2004). The classic signature of reinforcement is reproductive character displacement (RCD), where prezygotic isolation is heightened between two lineages in areas of sympatry relative to areas of allopatry. Reinforcement was once considered controversial primarily due to theoretical difficulties (Felsenstein 1981; Spencer et al. 1986; reviewed in Noor 1999, and Coyne and Orr, 2004). However, a wealth of empirical cases demonstrating reinforcement along with renewed theoretical treatments of the process of reinforcement (Liou and Price 1994; Kelly and Noor 1996; Servedio 2000; Kirkpatrick and Ravigne 2002) has led to the conclusion that reinforcement can and does occur in nature. One consequence of reinforcement is that—by altering reproductive isolating traits—reinforcement may also lead to prezygotic isolation among populations within species. Hence, like ecological and sexual selection, reinforcement can have incidental effects upon reproductive isolation (RI). In fact, reinforcement might be particularly likely to have such incidental effects precisely because it alters reproductive isolating traits among species in areas of sympatry. The process whereby increased prezygotic isolation among populations evolves as an incidental effect of reinforcement has been referred to as “cascade reinforcement” (Ortiz-Barrientos et al. 2009) and as “reproductive character displacement speciation” (Hoskin and Higgie 2010). In this special column, we use the term cascade reinforcement. The idea has been recognized sporadically throughout the history of reinforcement (Zouros and Dentremont 1980; Howard 1993), but has recently received renewed attention (Ortiz-Barrientos et al. 2009; … Email: fuller{at}life.illinois.edu.
Patient Selection for Alcohol Septal Ablation Does Age Matter

“Age is an issue of mind over matter. If you don’t mind, it doesn’t matter.”—Mark Twain [(1)][1] Septal reduction therapy plays an important role in the treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and symptoms due to a dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction
Improved myocardial T1 mapping for patients with implanted cardiac devices.

Background Myocardial T1 mapping holds promise for non-invasive evaluation of diffuse fibrosis. Nevertheless, the widely used cardiac T1 mapping techniques, including MOLLI and SASHA, are generally not applicable to patients with implanted cardiac devices, such as implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) and pacemakers, due to large off-resonance induced by the device and the associated banding artifacts when using bSSFP readouts. We sought to develop and validate an improved technique for accurate myocardial T1 mapping in patients with implanted cardiac devices.
Biblical Allusion and Allegory in “The Merchant of Venice”

ERHAPS no other play in the Shakespeare canon has provoked greater controversy regarding its fundamental moral and religious attitudes than has The Merchant of Venice. As everyone knows, acrimonious critical debates have long been waged concerning whether Shakespeare's attitude in the play is humanitarian or antisemitic, whether Shylock is presented as the persecuted hero or as a crude monster and comic butt, whether Antonio and Bassanio are portrayed as worthy Christians or as crass hypocrites. Recently, however, some critics have in part transcended the controversies arising out of the literal story by concentrating upon certain allegorical and symbolic aspects of the play, reflecting in this approach the modern critical emphasis upon Shakespeare's use of Christian themes and imagery and his debt to the medieval tradition. In a most illuminating essay, Nevill Coghill' discusses several of Shakespeare's comedies, including MV, in terms of the medieval comic form described by Dante-a beginning in troubles and a resolution in joy, reflecting the fundamental pattern of human existence in this world. Moreover, he traces in MV the direct influence of the medieval allegorical theme of the "Parliament of Heaven", in which Mercy and Justice, two of the four "daughters of God", argue over the fate of mankind after his fall. In somewhat similar vein, Sir Israel Gollancz2 sees the play as Shakespeare's largely unconscious development of certain myths implicit in the original sources-the myth of the Parliament of Heaven, and the related Redemption myth in which Antonio represents Christ, Shylock, Evil, and Portia, Mercy and Grace. These suggestions shed considerable light upon the trial scene, but they hardly provide a comprehensive account of the entire play.3 The question of the extent and manner in which allegory may organize the total work has yet to be investigated, and constitutes the subject of the present inquiry. The overingenuity and the religious special pleading that has marred some "Christian" criticism of Shakespeare make manifest the need for rigorous standards of evidence and argument in such investigations. The present study does not claim that all of Shakespeare's plays approach as closely as MV appears to
Clinical Outcome in Stage I to III Breast Carcinoma and eIF4E Overexpression

Objective The objective of this study is to determine if high eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (elF4E) overexpression (sevenfold elevation or more over benign breast tissue) is associated with a worse clinical outcome. Background Data Dysregulation of cellular functions by selective overexpression of specific proteins can lead to malignant transformation. The overexpression of elF4E preferentially increases translation of mRNAs with long, G-C rich 5'-untranslated regions. Selective gene products, such as tumor neoangiogenic factors, ornithine decarboxylase, and cyclin D1, are upregulated. Methods One hundred fourteen breast specimens were analyzed and elF4E overexpression was quantified by Westem blot analysis. Quantification for elF4E protein level was accomplished using a rabbit anti-elF4E antibody and colorimetric development of Western blots using nitro blue tetrazolium and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate. The blots were scanned and analyzed by densitometry. Treatment, pathologic, and clinical outcome data variables were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed to determine if elF4E overexpression is associated with breast cancer clinical outcome. Results In the 55 benign specimens, the mean elF4E expression was 1.1 ± 0.4 fold (mean ± standard deviation). All 59 malignant breast carcinoma specimens were noted to have elF4E overexpression (range, 1.9-fold to 30.6-fold), with a mean overexpression of 10.8 ± 6.3-fold. The mean level of elF4E expression in malignant specimens was higher than benign specimens (p < 0.05, unpaired t test). The degree of elF4E overexpression appears to be independent of T and N stage. In the 21 patients with elF4E overexpression of less than sevenfold, there was one cancer recurrence but no cancer-related deaths. In the 38 patients with high elF4E overexpression (sevenfold or more), 14 patients had breast cancer recurrences (p = 0.03, log rank test), of whom 11 have died from the disease (p = 0.04, log rank test). The average follow-up interval in this study was 40 months. Conclusions Patients with stage I to III breast cancer and high elF4E overexpression had a higher rate of cancer recurrence and a higher rate of cancer-related death when compared to similar-stage breast cancer patients with low elF4E overexpression. Therefore, elF4E protein overexpression may be of prognostic value in stage I to III breast carcinoma.
Improving our understanding of papillary renal cell carcinoma with integrative genomic analysis

Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is a heterogeneous and incompletely understood histologic subtype of kidney cancer. Recently, authors from The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network performed a comprehensive molecular characterization of pRCC. Using multiple analytic methods, they identified 4 subgroups of pRCC with varied genotypic anomalies and probabilities of overall survival. This analysis elucidated the differences between type 1 and type 2 pRCC. Furthermore, type 2 pRCC was found to be heterogeneous itself, with at least 3 subtypes with distinct molecular features. This improved characterization and insight about potential driver mutations and altered pathways may lead to the development of more targeted agents and better patient stratification in clinical trials for pRCC.
Parameter Estimation and Experimental Design in Groundwater Modeling

This paper reviews the latest developments on parameter estimation and experimental design in the field of groundwater modeling. Special considerations are given when the structure of the identified parameter is complex and unknown. A new methodology for constructing useful groundwater models is described, which is based on the quantitative relationships among the complexity of model structure, the identifiability of parameter, the sufficiency of data, and the reliability of model application.
Optimal Design of Slider-crank Mechanism Based on Creo Parametric

In Creo Parametric,the skeleton model of offset slider-crank mechanism was created and the motion was analyzed.The length of the crank and connecting rod were optimal designed based on the function of Creo Parametric behavior modeling with length of crank and minimum pressure angle as a constrain.The method is simple,practical and has great promotion value.The purpose was to provide a new train of thought for design of slider-crank mechanism.
Particle motion and segregation in piston driven free surface flows of viscoelastic fluids

We have investigated the motion, redistribution and segregation of solid particles dispersed in a viscoelastic fluid during piston-driven free surface flows. This phenomenon and its effect on suspension microstructure is of significant importance in a number of processes used to form composite materials, notably injection and compression moulding. In the experimental part of this study we used a 5% w/w suspension of PMMA particles dispersed in a hydrated hydroxypropyl guar gel. A reversible motor with variable speed and minimal vibration was used to move a tube up and down on a stationary piston, creating a piston-driven flow with a free surface. We observed that the particles move away from the piston and towards the free surface where they slowly accumulate. This observation confirms theoretical predictions that in the presence of a normal stress gradient perpendicular to the direction of bulk flow, as would be observed with viscoelastic fluids, suspended particles tend to gravitate towards and then remain near the free surface. Simulations show that the speed of this segregation increases with fluid elasticity, shear rate and particle size, in agreement with literature models for the lateral migration velocity of particles in viscoelastic fluids.
A simplified coldstart catalyst thermal model to reduce hydrocarbon emissions

Abstract It is a well-known phenomenon that the bulk of hydrocarbon emissions emitted from internal combustion engines occurs during the coldstart period, thus necessitating new control strategies to reduce hydrocarbon emissions. A simplified thermal model of the catalytic converter during coldstart is developed, employing thermal dynamics, oxygen storage and static conversion curves. It is subsequently shown that oxygen storage does not play a significant role during coldstart. An empirical parametrization of the catalyst efficiency using Wiebe profiles is proposed to capture general conversion trends of the catalyst. Finally it is shown that the ability of the catalyst to reduce hydrocarbon emissions during coldstart is dominated by its thermal behavior and ability to rapidly achieve lightoff. Model predictions are compared to experimental results for catalyst warmup with good agreement.
The Multimorbidity Index: A Tool for Assessing the Prognosis of Patients from Their History of Illness.

Background: The Multi-Morbidity (MM) Index predicts the prognosis of patients from their diagnostic history. In contrast to existing approaches with broad diagnostic categories, it treats each diagnosis as a separate independent variable using individual ICD-9 codes. Objective: This paper describes the MM Index, reviews the published data on its accuracy, and provides procedures for implementing the Index within electronic health record (EHR) systems. Methods: The MM Index was tested on various patient populations by using data from the Veterans Affairs data warehouse and claims data within the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project of the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality. Results: In cross-validated studies, the MM Index was more accurate than prognostic indices based on physiological markers; such as CD4 cell counts in HIV/AIDS, HbA1c levels in diabetes, ejection fractions in heart failure, or the13 physiological markers commonly used for patients in Intensive Care Units. When predicting the prognosis of nursing home patients by using the cross-validated area under a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the MM Index was 15% more accurate than the Quan variant of the Charlson Index, 27% more accurate than the Deyo variant of the Charlson Index, and 22% more accurate than the von Walraven variant of the Elixhauser Index. For patients in Intensive Care Units, the MM Index was 13% more accurate than the cross-validated ROC associated with Elixhauser’s categories. The MM Index also demonstrated greater accuracy than a number of commercially available measures of severity of illness; including a five-fold greater accuracy than the All Patient Refined Diagnosis-Related Groups and a three-fold greater accuracy than All Payer Severity-adjusted Diagnosis-Related Groups. Conclusion: The MM Index is statistically more accurate than many existing measures of prognosis. The magnitude of improvement may lead to a clinically meaningful difference in patient care or policy analysis.
Marx’s Influence on the Early Frankfurt School

This chapter traces Marx’s influence on the development of the early Frankfurt School, making explicit the Marxist dimensions of its cultural critique, its dialectical, historical, and materialist methods, as well as the role of praxis and class in its critical social theory. The author outlines the general characteristics of Western Marxism and then contrasts them with the deterministic doctrines of the Second International and Soviet Marxism. He then examines the Marxist heritage of the Institute of Social Research’s influential and programmatic texts of the 1930s, beginning with Horkheimer’s inaugural address of 1931. Although the chapter briefly discusses the work of Institute members such as Henryk Grossmann, Leo Lowenthal, and Erich Fromm, its primary focus is on the work of Max Horkheimer, Theodor Adorno, and Herbert Marcuse.
The First Case of Primary Cardiac Lymphoma, Diffuse Large B-Cell Type, Successfully Treated with EPOCH-R

Primary cardiac lymphomas are rare non-Hodgkin lymphomas. They account for less than 1% of intrinsic cardiac tumors and extranodal Non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Currently, there are no formal established guidelines for the treatment of primary cardiac lymphomas. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma is the most common subtype known to afflict the heart. This case documents the successful treatment of primary cardiac diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in an elderly male with sarcoidosis. To our knowledge this is the first published case report illustrating the use of the EPOCH-R with a modest pre-phase cytoreduction consisting of steroids, cyclophosphamide and etoposide for this indication. This strategy prevented perforation of the tumor during therapy and decreased cardiotoxicity.
A Pair of Residues That Interactively Affect Diterpene Synthase Product Outcome

The labdane-related diterpenoids (LRDs) are an important superfamily of natural products whose structural diversity critically depends on the hydrocarbon skeletal structures generated, in large part, by class I diterpene synthases. In the plant kingdom, where the LRDs are predominantly found, the relevant class I diterpene synthases are clearly derived from the ent-kaurene synthase (KS) required in all land plants for phytohormone biosynthesis and, hence, are often termed KS-like (KSL). Previous work, initiated by the distinct function of two alleles of a KSL from rice, OsKSL5, identified a single residue switch with a profound effect on not only OsKSL5 product outcome but also that of land plant KSs more broadly, specifically, replacement of a key isoleucine with threonine, which interrupts formation of the tetracyclic ent-isokaurene at the tricyclic stage, leading to production of ent-pimaradiene instead. Here, further studies of these alleles led to discovery of another, nearby residue that tunes produ...
VIRUS instrument enclosures

The Visible Integral-Field Replicable Unit Spectrograph (VIRUS) instrument will be installed at the Hobby-Eberly Telescope† in the near future. The instrument will be housed in two enclosures that are mounted adjacent to the telescope, via the VIRUS Support Structure (VSS). We have designed the enclosures to support and protect the instrument, to enable servicing of the instrument, and to cool the instrument appropriately while not adversely affecting the dome environment. The system uses simple HVAC air handling techniques in conjunction with thermoelectric and standard glycol heat exchangers to provide efficient heat removal. The enclosures also provide power and data transfer to and from each VIRUS unit, liquid nitrogen cooling to the detectors, and environmental monitoring of the instrument and dome environments. In this paper, we describe the design and fabrication of the VIRUS enclosures and their subsystems.
Effect of Buffer Layer Design on Vertical GaN-on-GaN p-n and Schottky Power Diodes

We study verticalGaN p-n and Schottky power diodes with different buffer layer thicknesses grown on free-standingGaN substrates, using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. High breakdown voltage of > 1 kV and low specific on-resistance of 3 $\text{m}\Omega \cdot $ cm $^{2}$ are achieved on GaN p-n diode with $1~\mu \text{m}$ buffer layer and $9~\mu \text{m}$ drift layer without passivation or field plate. Detailed device analysis on GaN Schottky diodes indicates that buffer layer has significant impacts on the electrical properties of drift layer and thus device performances of GaN p-n diodes. A thicker buffer layer will significantly enhance the breakdown voltages of these devices, which is possibly due to the improved material quality of drift layers with reduced defect densities. Higher doping concentration in drift layer with thicker buffer layer will, however, lower breakdown voltage. More discussions reveal improving the material quality of drift layer plays amore dominant role in achieving high breakdown GaN-on-GaN p-n and Schottky diodes with increasing buffer layer thickness.
UMASKANDI IZIBONGO: SEMANTIC, PROSODIC AND MUSICAL DIMENSIONS OF VOICE IN ZULU POPULAR PRAISES

Umaskandi izibongo are Zulu popular praises characterized by rapid, tonally nuanced phrases of incisive social comment set to instrumental music. They articulate the experiences, genealogy and heritage of their orators, and are replete with idioms and lyrical encodings intelligible only to those familiar with the contexts, symbols and sounds specific to umaskandi life worlds. Izibongo have been combined with features of Zulu style and idiom to create a hybrid, indigenous genre of popular music. Umaskandi orators articulate shared experiences of poverty, inequality, migrancy and dispossession in South Africa, and often use martial, caustic imagery to evince their social critique. A genealogy of izibongo is offered linking umaskandi to other popular praises, to genres of dance and bow music, and to izibongo zamakhosi, or the praises of kings. From research based on fieldwork in KwaZulu- Natal conducted between 2012 and 2015, the close analysis, transcription and translation of songs by umaskandi artists Phuzekhemisi, Mfazâ€™ Omnyama and Jonathan Mathenjwa offers insight into the style and structure of izibongo. The semantic, prosodic and musical dimensions of voice are explored through graphic representation and analysis in â€˜Praatâ€™. The analyses demonstrate the complex interplay of speech tone, intonation, rhythm and rate, and how these prosodic features articulate and complicate umaskandi texts. The emphasis on voice complements a literature that has to date focused on its instrumental accompaniment on guitar. The use of digital methods of analysis and transcription offers an alternative to staff notation as a toolset for theorizing African music.
Fluorinated Amine Stereotriads via Allene Amination.

The incorporation of fluorine into organic scaffolds often improves the bioactivity of pharmaceutically relevant compounds. C–F/C–N/C–O stereotriad motifs are prevalent in antivirals, neuraminidase inhibitors, and modulators of androgen receptors, but are challenging to install. An oxidative allene amination strategy using Selectfluor rapidly delivers triply functionalized triads of the form C–F/C–N/C–O, exhibiting good scope and diastereoselectivity for all syn products. The resulting stereotriads are readily transformed into fluorinated pyrrolidines and protected α-, β-, and γ-amino acids.
The Intelligence of Spouses of Schizophrenics

Childhood intelligence tests of schizophrenic adults and their non-schizophrenic spouses were compared. It was found that male schizophrenics marry women of significantly higher intelligence than their own, while female schizophrenics marry men of about equal intelligence to their own. Wives of schizophrenics are a significantly brighter group than husbands of schizophrenics. These results are in harmony with studies on the personalities of spouses of schizophrenics.
Abstract 212: Incidence of Depression and Anxiety in Patients With Durable Left Ventricular Assist Device

Incidence of Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Durable Ventricular Assist Devices Background: There is a high incidence of depression in patients with heart failure and the presence of depres...
Social Inequality and Stratification

Introduce basic concepts and theories of stratification Examine the ways in which inequalities are distributed within societies and by social class, gender and race/ethnicity
Reporting cash flows: an investigation of college and university compliance with SFAS no. 117

Reporting cash flows is a relatively recent development in college and university financial reporting. An examination of the purported usefulness of cash flow information to the users of college and university financial statements including an examination of the relationship between accrual-based change in net assets and cash provided by operations found private universities have implemented the cash flow reporting requirements with a relatively high level of compliance employing the indirect format for reporting operating cash flows. The principal areas of deficiency were the reporting of split-interest, restricted gift activities and the required disclosures of cash outflows related to interest and taxes. The discussion of the compliance deficiencies and display findings leads to needed disclosure guidance and future research.
Tumor fraction in circulating free DNA as a biomarker of disease dynamics in metastatic prostate cancer.

195Background: Quantification of circulating free DNA (cfDNA) has been proposed both as a prognostic biomarker and as a biomarker of response and resistance to therapy. However, dynamics of cfDNA derived from both tumor and non-cancerous tissues through dense longitudinal monitoring over the course of treatment with multiple therapeutic modalities have not been well described. Methods: CfDNA isolated from banked and prospectively collected plasma samples from pts with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) was subject to ultra-low pass (~0.1x coverage) whole genome sequencing (ULP-WGS). The fraction of cfDNA derived from tumor rather than non-cancerous tissues (i.e. the tumor fraction, or TFx) in each sample was estimated using a novel computational tool called ichorCNA, and was correlated with clinical features and response to therapy. Results: 663 plasma samples from 140 pts were included (median 3 samples/pt; range 1-20). TFx was correlated with the number of bone metastases (median TF...
Phase I/II pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of two levonorgestrel-only contraceptive patches in a multicenter randomized trial.

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of two novel levonorgestrel (LNG)-only contraceptive patches. Study Design This multi-center Phase I/II trial randomized participants to use a 7-day transdermal patch designed to deliver a 40 mcg or 75 mcg daily LNG dose for 11 consecutive weeks; randomization was stratified by body mass index (BMI) Results Randomization yielded similar groups. Of 121 enrolled women, 117 contributed analyzable data. Overall, mean LNG concentrations achieved with use of the 75 mcg patch [value] were roughly double those seen with the 40 mcg dose. Concentrations achieved in higher-BMI women (BMI=32–40 kg/m2) were 50% lower compared to lower-BMI women for both patches. During the study, 94/117 (80%) participants had at least one LNG concentration Conclusions Women using two investigational LNG patches did not achieve consistent concentrations of LNG >180 pg/mL, an efficacy benchmark established in other studies with LNG implants, and they experienced high rates of ovulation as well as cervical mucus scores not supportive of high contraceptive efficacy. Implications The novel LNG-only patches in this study may not adequately decrease pregnancy risk, particularly for higher-BMI women. Future studies of LNG-only contraceptive patches will need to employ higher LNG doses and assess the acceptability and safety of such dosing.
A Real-Time Saft System Applied to the Ultrasonic Inspection of Nuclear Reactor Components

In 1982 Pacific Northwest Laboratory began activity under the sponsorship of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission to implement SAFT technology in a field usable system. The University of Michigan had previously laid the groundwork by performing extensive research related to the development of the SAFT algorithm in the area of ultrasonics and the investigation of ways to improve the computation time [1,2]. The task given PNL was to deploy the results of this research effort by developing an instrument that would perform in-service inspection of nuclear reactor components using the SAFT-UT algorithm.
Computed Tomography and Partial Coronoidectomy for Open-Mouth Jaw Locking in Two Cats

Open-mouth jaw locking in the cat has traditionally been minimally evaluated with diagnostic imaging. Multiple methods have been described for surgical management of this problem. This report describes the use of computed tomography to diagnose open-mouth jaw locking in 2 cats secondary to ventrolateral displacement of the coronoid process in relation to the zygomatic arch. In these 2 cases, a previously unreported surgical approach whereby the coronoid was not reduced before partial coronoidectomy was used with successful outcomes.
Examining the relationship between portable luminescence reader measurements and depositional ages of paleowetland sediments, Las Vegas Valley, Nevada

Abstract Portable luminescence readers are exciting new tools that have the potential to rapidly determine the age structure of late Quaternary stratigraphic columns. This is important because high-resolution age profiling can reveal details about the temporal dynamics of climate cause and ecosystem effect, often while researchers are still in the field. In this paper, we compare new portable luminescence reader measurements of total photon counts with a suite of robust, highly resolved ages from middle to late Pleistocene-age paleowetland deposits in the Las Vegas Valley of southern Nevada. Our results show that total photon counts correlate with age, with a quadratic equation providing the best fit to the data. Significant scatter is present in the data, which is likely the result of dose rate variations, multiple sediment sources, and transport mechanisms that include both eolian and fluvial processes. The observed scatter can be reduced significantly using a simple pretreatment procedure involving a 250 μm sieve and neodymium hand magnet to normalize particle sizes and remove magnetic grains. Following this treatment, age estimates based on the reader measurements have an average error of 30 ± 18% when compared against known ages. These findings confirm that portable reader measurements scale with age in paleowetland deposits, allowing its use in establishing rapid, albeit approximate, chronologies for these deposits throughout the American Southwest.
Culturally-adapted behavioral intervention to improve colorectal cancer screening uptake among foreign-born South Asians in New Jersey: the Desi Sehat trial.

Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer among Americans of South Asian (SA) descent and is a significant public health concern in SA communities. Rates of screening comp...
Structural Change Rediscovered : The Role of Human and Physical Capital

Changes in economic structures are an essential feature of development. But how are these brought about? A growing body of evidence underscores the transformative role that human and physical capital can have in enhancing and sustaining economic growth. Investments in education, health, and economic infrastructure need to be at the core of national policy agendas.
Where’s the Money?: Paths and Pathologies of the Law of Party Funding

With an electoral competition involving around 902 million votes, 8049 candidates and more than 2200 registered parties, it is only obvious to expect that Indian General Election would be a staggeringly expensive affair. The 2019 Indian General election was no different. According to some measures, it was the costliest election in democratic world, with total amount spent being close to ₹ 6 Trillion. Indian electoral democracy, despite its acclaimed successes, faces a serious challenge in the form of its party funding regime. Party funding reform, however, is one of the most difficult to accomplish. Apart from technical complexities involved, it requires the politicians to regulate themselves – a classic case of a fox guarding the hen house. However, despite its complexities and importance to democratic governance, party funding has received scant attention in Indian legal scholarship. In India, party funding is regulated through a complex but disparate set of corporate, election and taxation laws. The article is divided into four parts. The first two parts will deal with two different axes of party funding regime in India – (a) corporate contributors: who can contribute funds to political parties? and (b) disclosures: what, if any, information about these transactions should be disclosed, and to whom should disclosures be made? Party funding reforms have been limited by entrenched practices, culture and political economy that are effects, as well as causes, of the path that party funding regime has traversed in India. I will further analyse the constitutionality of electoral bonds and other laws that facilitate party funding opacity, and will end with a cautionary note: if other elements of party funding law – such as disclosure threshold and cash donations – are left intact, merely doing away with electoral bonds may be far from fixing party finance.
Unique Pro-Inflammatory Response of Macrophages during Apoptotic Cancer Cell Clearance

The clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages (efferocytosis) is crucial to maintain normal tissue homeostasis; however, efferocytosis of cancer cells frequently results in inflammation and immunosuppression. Recently, we demonstrated that efferocytosis of apoptotic prostate cancer cells by bone marrow-derived macrophages induced a pro-inflammatory response that accelerated metastatic tumor growth in bone. To evaluate the microenvironmental impact of macrophages and their efferocytic function, we compared peritoneal macrophages (P-MΦ) versus bone marrow-derived macrophages (BM-MΦs) using an efferocytosis in vitro model. The capability to engulf apoptotic prostate cells was similar in BM-MΦs and P-MΦs. Ex vivo analysis of BM-MΦs showed an M2-like phenotype compared with a predominantly M1-like phenotype in P-MΦs. A distinct gene and protein expression profile of pro-inflammatory cytokines was found in BM-MΦs as compared with P-MΦs engulfing apoptotic prostate cancer cells. Importantly, the reprogramming of BM-MΦs toward an M1-like phenotype mitigated their inflammatory cytokine expression profile. In conclusion, BM-MΦs and P-MΦs are both capable of efferocytosing apoptotic prostate cancer cells; however, BM-MΦs exert increased inflammatory cytokine expression that is dependent upon the M2 polarization stage of macrophages. These findings suggest that bone marrow macrophage efferocytosis of apoptotic cancer cells maintains a unique pro-inflammatory microenvironment that may support a fertile niche for cancer growth. Finally, bone marrow macrophage reprogramming towards M1-type by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) induced a significant reduction in the efferocytosis-mediated pro-inflammatory signature.