cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of psychiatric comorbidity on treatment of adolescent drug abusers

Comorbidity of substance abuse disorders (SUD) and psychiatric disorders is one of the most important areas of investigation in contemporary drug abuse treatment research. This study examined the impact of psychiatric comorbidity on the treatment of 182 adolescent drug abusers in a randomized clinical trial comparing family and individual cognitive-behavioral therapy. Three distinct groups of adolescent substance abusers were compared: (1) Exclusive Substance Abusers (SUD only); (2) Externalizers (SUD + externalizing disorder); and (3) Mixed Substance Abusers (SUD + externalizing and internalizing disorder). The purpose of this study was to determine whether adolescents in these comorbid groups differed in clinical presentation and treatment response. More severe comorbidity was associated with greater family dysfunction and being female and younger at intake. An examination of substance use trajectories over time indicated that the Mixed group initially responded to treatment but returned to intake levels of substance use by 1 year post-discharge.
Effect of diffusion pump oil contamination on diffraction grating efficiency in the VUV spectral region

The efficiency of a concave grating contaminated with diffusion pump oil has been measured and compared with that of an uncontaminated sister grating. At 1216 A and 4000 A, the contamination has little effect on the efficiency, but at intermediate wavelengths the loss in efficiency is large. Vapor degreasing provided a partial restoration, and overcoating with gold, a complete restoration of efficiency.
Trap controlled minority-carrier mobility in heavily doped silicon

The activation behavior of the minority-carrier mobility and diffusivity in heavily doped (about 10 to the 20th per cu cm) Si(Si:As) was investigated in the temperature range, 20 - 350 K. Experimental results indicate that hole transitions between the valence band and localized shallow states give rise to the observed behavior. The activation energy is about 10 meV, which suggests that the localized states originate from band tails but does not rule out trapping at boron atoms in the compensated n(+) region.
Basic sequences, embeddings, and the uniqueness of the symmetric structure in unitary matrix spaces☆

Abstract For every symmetric sequence space E we denote by CE the associated unitary matrix space. We show that every basic sequence in CE has a subsequence which embeds in l2 ⊕ E. This reduces many problems about CE to the analogous problems on E. We also study the asymptotic behavior of the embeddings of one unitary sequence space into another, and the problem of the uniqueness of the symmetric structure of unitary matrix spaces.
Two diphenylformamidinate compounds of the quadruply-bonded Re26+ core

Abstract The compounds Re2(DPhF)3Cl3 and Re2(DPhF)2Cl4 have been prepared and structurally characterized (DPhF = anion of N,N-diphenylformamidine). The former has three bridging DPhF ligands, two equatorial Cl ligands and one axial Cl ligand. The Re–Re distances in two different crystallographic forms are 2.2318(8) A and 2.2288(9) A. The second compound has two trans DPhF ligands and the Re2Cl4 unit is planar with Re–Re = 2.177(1) A, Re–Cl(av) = 2.319(5) A, Re–N(av) = 2.06(1) A and Cl–Re–Cl(av) = 106.0(1)°.
Adrenergic stimulation of membrane protein phosphorylation in human erythrocytes

Abstract Adrenergic modification of membrane protein phosphorylation was studied in intact human erythrocytes. Micromolar norepinephrine increased 32 P incorporation into Band 2 by 70%, and into Band 3 by 40%. Phosphorylation levels observed with a series of specific agonists and antagonists suggest that an α-adrenergic receptor is involved in this effect. The mechanism of linkage between this receptor and protein phosphorylation does not appear to involve modulation of intracellular concentrations of ATP, cyclic AMP, or cyclic GMP.
On mechanisms of sputtered ion emission

Abstract In this article certain concepts fundamental to the understanding of sputtered ion emission are discussed. The treatment of the escape probability of a surface-excited or ionized atom is examined in the context of three current models — the perturbation, bond-breaking and surface excitation models — and the conceptual relationships between these models are outlined. The surface photoelectron threshold is shown to be a key parameter in terms of which all three models address matrix effects, and it is shown that the variation of this parameter can account qualitatively for a wide range of matrix effects.
Congress hears from astronauts about human spaceflight

NASA's 15 September announcement of a new Space Launch System (SLS) design, which includes a heavy lift rocket in combination with the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV) already under development, generally was favorably received at a 22 September congressional hearing on NASA and human spaceflight held by the U.S. House of Representatives' Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. However, witnesses, including Apollo 11 commander Neil Armstrong, said they remain concerned about America's manned access to space, the nation's leadership in manned space exploration, and what they said is the lack of a clear direction for NASA. Armstrong said the proposal for the new heavy lift vehicle “appears to meet the intent” of a congressional mandate in the NASA Authorization Act of 2010, but he also said that the past year has been “frustrating” to NASA observers trying to understand the agency's plans and progress in the area of human space exploration. “The NASA leadership enthusiastically assured the American people that the agency was embarking on an exciting new age of discovery in the cosmos. But the realities of the termination of the shuttle program, the cancellation of existing rocket launcher and spacecraft programs, the layoffs of thousands of aerospace workers, and the outlook for American space activity throughout the next decade were difficult to reconcile with the agency assertions,” Armstrong said.
Extended MSRS rule for seismic analysis of bridges subjected to differential support motions

This paper introduces a generalized formulation of the multiple support response spectrum (MSRS) method (Earthquake Engng Struct. Dyn. 1992; 21:713–740) and extends it by accounting for the quasi-static contributions of truncated modes. The generalized formulation allows consideration of response quantities that involve support degrees of freedom (DOF). This situation arises for many response quantities of interest when rotational DOF are condensed out. New cross-correlation coefficients are introduced in the extended rule and a parametric study is performed to gain insight and identify cases of ground motion spatial variability in which these terms are significant. An efficient computer implementation of the extended MSRS method is described and used for comprehensive analysis of two real bridge models with vastly different structural characteristics. The specified input is in accordance with standards used in engineering practice. The effects of differential support motions, including the influence of spatially varying soil conditions, on the pseudo-static and dynamic components and the total response are examined and the improvement achieved with the extended MSRS method is assessed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ordinary chondrite metallography: Part 2. Formation of zoned and unzoned metal particles in relatively unshocked H, L, and LL chondrites

We studied the metallography of Fe-Ni metal particles in 17 relatively unshocked ordinary chondrites and interpreted their microstructures using the results of P-free, Fe-Ni alloy cooling experiments (described in Reisener and Goldstein 2003). Two types of Fe-Ni metal particles were observed in the chondrites: zoned taenite + kamacite particles and zoneless plessite particles, which lack systematic Ni zoning and consist of tetrataenite in a kamacite matrix. Both types of metal particles formed during metamorphism in a parent body from homogeneous, P-poor taenite grains. The phase transformations during cooling from peak metamorphic temperatures were controlled by the presence or absence of grain boundaries in the taenite particles. Polycrystalline taenite particles transformed to zoned taenite + kamacite particles by kamacite nucleation at taenite/taenite grain boundaries during cooling. Monocrystalline taenite particles transformed to zoneless plessite particles by martensite formation and subsequent martensite decomposition to tetrataenite and kamacite during the same cooling process. The varying proportions of zoned taenite + kamacite particles and zoneless plessite particles in types 46 ordinary chondrites can be attributed to the conversion of polycrystalline taenite to monocrystalline taenite during metamorphism. Type 4 chondrites have no zoneless plessite particles because metamorphism was not intense enough to form monocrystalline taenite particles. Type 6 chondrites have larger and more abundant zoneless plessite particles than type 5 chondrites because intense metamorphism in type 6 chondrites generated more monocrystalline taenite particles. The distribution of zoneless plessite particles in ordinary chondrites is entirely consistent with our understanding of Fe-Ni alloy phase transformations during cooling. The distribution cannot be explained by hot accretion-autometamorphism, post-metamorphic brecciation, or shock processing.
Biology of TGF-β in knockout and transgenic mouse models

Biology of TGF-β in knockout and transgenic mouse models. This paper reviews the basic biology and biochemistry of the TGF-β isoforms including their unique serine-threonine receptors and signaling intermediates. Dysregulation of TGF-β expression and/or receptor/signaling function have been implicated in a wide variety of pathologies. We will discuss mechanisms underlying some of these disease processes as gained from study of transgenic mice in which expression of TGF-β1 has either been lost by targeted deletion of its gene, is overexpressed in a tissue/specific manner, or blocked by its latency associated peptide.
Computer modelling of resist exposure by focussed ion beams

Abstract The sensitivity of PMMA resist to ion impact is such that the resist may be completely exposed by as few as 8x1012 ions/cm2, or 50 ions per 25 nm square pixel. With numbers as small as this, the statistical distribution of the precise landing points of ions within the (assumed) Gaussian profile of the ion beam may well become a significant factor in determining the uniformity of resist exposure. We have attempted to model these effects with a computer program that displays a colour-contoured dose map, and calculates the roughness of the unit-dose edge of various types of pattern line at a number of different dose levels and beam energies. We have also simulated the non-linear response of a resist to the accumulated deposited energy. The results show that “impact distribution noise” can have a significant effect on edge definition, and suggest that the cleanest edges should be given by increasing the number of ions and reducing their energy deposition, particularly where a non-linear resist is involved.
Dealing with students who are “turned off”

Modifying the conduct of a course involves not only an attempt to understand students but to reach a better understanding of oneself.
Design and display of enhancing information in desktop information-rich virtual environments: challenges and techniques

Information-rich virtual environments (IRVEs) have been described as environments in which perceptual information is enhanced with abstract (or symbolic) information, such as text, numbers, images, audio, video, or hyperlinked resources. Desktop virtual environment (VE) applications present similar information design and layout challenges as immersive VEs, but, in addition, they may also be integrated with external windows or frames commonly used in desktop interfaces. This paper enumerates design approaches for the display of enhancing information both internal and external to the virtual world’s render volume. Using standard Web-based software frameworks, we explore a number of implicit and explicit spatial layout methods for the display and linking of abstract information, especially text. Within the VE view, we demonstrate both heads-up-displays (HUDs) and encapsulated scenegraph behaviors we callsemantic objects. For desktop displays, which support information display venues external to the scene, we demonstrate the linking and integration of the scene with Web browsers and external visualization applications. Finally, we describe the application of these techniques in the PathSim visualizer, an IRVE interface for the biomedical domain. These design techniques are relevant to instructional and informative interfaces for a wide variety of VE applications.
Ethics of administrative guidance: How much is too much?

A younger vascular surgeon has been recruited to start a new program at a suburban hospital outside of a large city hosting a world-class medical center. The new program will provide state-of-the-art equipment, including robotics, free office space, and a generous salary guarantee. Dr Ready obtained a license in the state where he is relocating and is preparing to move. He is an excellent technical surgeon but is uncomfortable with complex aneurysm surgery. This morning he went to sign a contract with the hospital and found that a clause that prevents him from referring patients to physicians outside the hospital in strong legalese is included. How should he proceed? A.Do not sign. B.Sign but plan to make appropriate referrals. C.Consult his attorney. D.Consult the hospital's ethics committee. E.Sign.
Critical Care of the Patient With Lung Cancer

Critical care of patients with lung cancer requires a knowledge of the behavior of this malignancy and the implications of several prognostic variables. Lung cancer's location, cellular characteristics, and metastatic patterns predispose patients to many emergencies that may require critical care intervention. In this article, the author presents important background on the behavior of this malignancy, its treatment, and predicted critical care problems. Included is a discussion of complications such as spinal cord compression, superior vena cava syndrome, airway obstruction, pleural effusions, and neoplastic cardiac tamponade, with an overview of common paraneoplastic syndromes. A case study exemplifies a possible presentation and management of a patient with lung cancer and some of these complications.
Generalized Profitable Tour Problems for Online Activity Routing System

A next-generation system for online route guidance and activity recommendations was studied to support decisions that considered multiple activity itineraries whose utilities account for their spatial proximities for a user. For the solution of the underlying problem, the problem of the profitable tour and the problem of the prize-collecting traveling salesman were extended to generalized cases with the expansion of single nodes to clusters to handle various activity types. The generalized formulations addressed several uses, including routing with refueling, the pub crawl problem, and the romantic date problem. Test cases compared an insertion heuristic and a multisolution genetic algorithm with exact solutions. Both algorithms worked well even with the constraints of time windows and with the fast computational times that are necessary for online decision support. The multisolution genetic algorithm tended to be slower than the insertion heuristic was, but the multisolution algorithm could handle a wide...
Abstract B4: A home-based intervention among older long-term cancer survivors improves physical activity, diet quality, weight status, and physical functioning: Results of the RENEW (Reach-out to ENhancE Wellness) trial

B4 Cancer survival rates are ever increasing; currently two-thirds of cancer patients will be alive at least 5 years after diagnosis. Despite these gains, many cancer survivors are left with significant comorbidity and accelerated functional decline. Older survivors experience greater declines in function, threatening independence and resulting in increased health care costs. The aim of the RENEW trial was to determine if a year-long, diet-exercise intervention delivered to older long-term cancer survivors via telephone prompts, counseling, and mailed materials could effectively improve health behaviors, and result in improved weight status, and physical functioning. Cancer cases were ascertained from cancer registries and self-referral: 20,015 letters of invitation were posted, 1,208 survivors were screened [eligibility criteria: age 65+; breast, prostate or colorectal cancer diagnosed at least 5-years prior with no evidence of recurrence; body mass index (BMI-kg/m2) 25-40; Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B4.
Survival of cytomegalovirus on environmental surfaces

6. Lauer A, Saccaggi A, Ronco C, Belletonne M, Glabman S, Bosch JP: Continuous arterial-venous hemofiltration in the critically ill patient: Clinical use and operational characteristics. Ann Intern Med 99:455, 1983. 7. Synhairsky A, Kurtz SB, Wochos DN, Schniepp B J, Johnson W J: Acute renal failure treated by slow continuous ultrafiltration. Mayo Clin Proc 58:729, 1983. 8. Quellhorst E, Schunemann B, Hildebrand U: Hemofiltration: Technique and clinical application. J Artif Organs 3:309, 1980. 9. Silverstein ME, Ford CA, Lysaght M J, Henderson LW: Treatment of severe fluid overload by ultrafiltration. New Engl J Med 291:747, 1974. 10. Kramer P, Kaufhold C, Grone H J, Wigger W, Rieger D: Management of anuric intensive-care patients with arteriovenous hemofiltration. Int J Artif Organs 3:225, 1980. 11. Emmanouilides GC, Moss A J, Monset-Couchard M, Marcano BA, Rzeznic B: Cardiac output in newborn infants. Biol Neonate 15:186, 1980.
Distinct visual motion processing impairments in aging and Alzheimer’s disease

Aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are associated with declines in the visual perception of self-movement that undermine navigation and independent living. We studied 214 subjects' heading direction and speed discrimination using the radial patterns of visual motion in optic flow. Young (YA), middle-aged (MA), and older normal (ON) subjects, and AD patients viewed optic flow in which we manipulated the motion coherence, spatial texture, and temporal periodicity composition of the visual display. Aging and AD were associated with poorer heading and speed perception at lower temporal periodicity, with smaller effects of spatial texture. AD patients were particularly impaired by motion incoherence created by adding randomly moving dots to the optic flow. We conclude that visual motion processing is impaired by distinct mechanisms in aging and the transition to AD, implying distinct neural mechanisms of impairment.
Analysis of paint defects by mass spectroscopy (LAMMA®/ToF-SIMS)

Abstract In this paper, two surface sensitive mass spectroscopic methods–laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA ® ) 1 and time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) – and their efficiency at the analysis of paint defects are presented. For these two similar methods, the differences especially concerning the ion formation at the target surface are pointed out as well as the resulting effect on the kind of information. While LAMMA ® mainly provides inorganic information about the surface composition, ToF-SIMS offers the ability to characterize organic materials and especially to distinguish between different silicone oils. The advantages of each method are shown for typical paint defects.
Breeding-Site Selection By Ferruginous Hawks Within Utah's Uintah Basin

Abstract We examined factors that might influence breeding-site selection in Ferruginous Hawks (Buteo regalis) in the Uintah Basin, Utah, an area undergoing rapid oil and gas development. We located 31 occupied nests of Ferruginous Hawk (10 during 2002, 10 during 2003, and 11 during 2004) and compared them to 32 historical nest sites of Ferruginous Hawks that were unoccupied during our study, and 32 random sites. Ferruginous Hawks selected nesting areas that were dominated by mixed desert-shrub vegetation communities with scattered Utah juniper trees (Juniperus osteosperma), higher prey abundance, and a high number of active petroleum wells. Within occupied territories, Ferruginous Hawks selected nest sites in juniper trees, on cliff ledges, or on rock pinnacles that occurred in areas with higher prey abundance, close to an active well, and within 2–3.5 km of the nearest occupied nest of another raptor. The counterintuitive association between nesting activity and oil development may be the result of: (1)...
Simultaneous and successive discrimination of similar letters: comparison of training techniques and transfer effects.

Summary Letter discrimination training and its transfer to a trigram recognition task were investigated among 64 kindergarteners. Pretraining, method of stimulus presentation, and type of stimuli were varied in a factorial design. A multivariate analysis of variance revealed that while pretraining facilitated learning the discriminations, presentation method and stimulus type did not. The presentation method by stimulus type interaction for number correct during discrimination training was significant at the p < .07 level. No effect was noted on transfer task performance.
Melanoma in Hispanic and black Americans.

Background: Although age-adjusted incidence rates (per 100,000) for melanoma are lower among Hispanics and blacks (4.5 and 1.0, respectively) compared with white non-Hispanics (21.6), melanomas among minority populations in the United States are more likely to metastasize and have poorer outcomes. Methods: A review of the literature was conducted on melanomas affecting Hispanic and black Americans. Results: Because of the low index of suspicion in both the medical community and these ethnic populations, diagnosis is often delayed, resulting in advanced presentation and a poorer prognosis. Conclusions: More comprehensive medical training, expanded public educational campaigns, and increased awareness among patients of all skin types to perform self skin checks are recommended. Further studies elucidating the etiology and risk factors for melanoma among minority populations are warranted. Perceived low risk level of melanoma in Hispanic and black US populations have resulted in delayed diagnosis, advanced disease at presentation, and a poorer prognosis.
A word-finding algorithm with a dynamic lexical-semantic memory for patients with anomia using a speech prosthesis

Word-finding problems (anomia) are common in brain-damaged patients suffering from various types of aphasia. An algorithm is described which finds words for patients using a portable microprocessor-based speech prosthesis. The data-structures consist of a lexical-semantic memory which becomes reorganized over time depending on usage. The algorithm finds words based on partial information about them which is input by the user.
Hierarchical multiple informants models: examining food environment contributions to the childhood obesity epidemic.

Methods for multiple informants help to estimate the marginal effect of each multiple source predictor and formally compare the strength of their association with an outcome. We extend multiple informant methods to the case of hierarchical data structures to account for within cluster correlation. We apply the proposed method to examine the relationship between features of the food environment near schools and children’s body mass index z-scores (BMIz). Specifically, we compare the associations between two different features of the food environment (fast food restaurants and convenience stores) with BMIz and investigate how the association between the number of fast food restaurants or convenience stores and child’s BMIz varies across distance from a school. The newly developed methodology enhances the types of research questions that can be asked by investigators studying effects of environment on childhood obesity and can be applied to other fields.
Item-presentation controls for multidimensional item pools in computerized adaptive testing

Item pools or item banks used in most testing situations are inherently multidimensional. This is especially a problem in computerized adaptive testing (CAT), which is driven by item response theory; item response theory requires that the item pool be unidimensional. This series of computer simulations demonstrates how alternative item-presentation controls (content-balancing and “mini-CATs”) may be employed in CAT to estimate ability accurately in spite of the violation of unidimensionality. Averaged, shorter mini-CATs provide the most accurate estimation of ability and ameliorate problems intrinsic to violating the unidimensionality assumption of item response theory.
Serotonin in Adolescence: Role in Behavioral Inhibition

Video presentation of the entire lecture can be accessed here . Background : Adolescents are impulsive and novelty seeking, normal behaviors that engage the adolescents in the world outside the home but also increase involvement in risky behaviors. Immaturity of frontal cortex circuits involved in executive function may be the main reason for this behavioral profile. As serotonergic innervation of the frontal cortex is critical for behavioral inhibition, we investigated the hypothesis that immaturity in serotonergically-mediated behavioral inhibition contributes to the adolescent behavioral profile. Design : To investigate the role of serotonergic innervation, we evaluated the behavioral and neurochemical effects of fluoxetine in adolescent (PN 28) and adult male rats (PN 70). Rats were treated with fluoxetine (0, 10 mg/kg) and tested in the light/dark anxiety test. In addition, the ability of fluoxetine (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg at hourly intervals) to increase extracellular serotonin in the prefrontal cortex was measured using microdialysis. Finally, the ability of fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) to activate the immediate early gene c-fos relative to vehicle control was determined to investigate downstream effects of the increase in extracellular serotonin. Results : Fluoxetine did not inhibit behavior in the light/dark anxiety test in adolescents relative to vehicle control, but it did so in adults. However, the neurochemical effects of fluoxetine were comparable in adolescents and adults: fluoxetine elicited comparable increases in extracellular 5-HT in adolescents and adults. To examine the contribution of postsynaptic mechanisms, we evaluated the behavioral effects of the 5 HT1a agonist 8-OHDPAT and the 5 HT2 agonist mCPP. mCPP (0.5 or 1 mg/kg) produced comparable behavioral inhibition relative to vehicle control in adolescents and adults, but 8-OHDPAT (0.25, 0.5 mg/kg) did not. To determine if neural circuit activation by postsynaptic mechanisms was functional in adolescents, we tested the ability of fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) and 8-OHDPAT (0.5 mg/kg) to activate C-fos. Neither drug activated C-fos in amygdala or PVN of the hypothalamus. Conclusions : These results suggest that cortical inhibition of stress circuitry is immature in adolescents. (Published: 9 September 2013) Citation: Translational Developmental Psychiatry 2013, 1 : 18845 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/tdp.v1i0.18845
Revision endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy

Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) failures may occur after primary external or endoscopic approaches. Revision surgery is beneficial for many of these patients. Clinical experience suggests that endoscopic lacrimal surgery offers technical benefits over the traditional external approach that may aid in revision cases. Ultimately, the operative goals of revision endoscopic DCR are similar to that of primary surgery. Advancements in endoscopic technology and instrumentation have been helpful in achieving these procedural goals. This article describes the authors' rationale and technique for revision endoscopic DCR.
CHAIN SEGMENTATION FOR THE MONTE CARLO SOLUTION OF PARTICLE TRANSPORT PROBLEMS.

A Monte Carlo approach is proposed where the random walk chains generated in particle transport simulations are segmented. Forward and adjoint-mode estimators are then used in conjunction with the firstevent source density on the segmented chains to obtain multiple estimates of the individual terms of the Neumann series solution at each collision point. The solution is then constructed by summation of the series. The approach is compared to the exact analytical and to the Monte Carlo nonabsorption weighting method results for two representative slowing down and deep penetration problems. Application of the proposed approach leads to unbiased estimates for limited numbers of particle simulations and is useful in suppressing an effective bias problem observed in some cases of deep penetration particle transport problems.
Emission spectra study of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of intrinsic, n + , and p + amorphous silicon thin films

The PECVD intrinsic, n +, and p + a-Si:H thin film deposition processes have been studied by the optical emission spectroscope to monitor the plasma phase chemistry. Process parameters, such as the plasma power, pressure, and gas flow rate, were correlated to SiH*, Hα*, and Hβ* optical intensities. For all films, the deposition rate increases with the increase of the SiH* intensity. For the doped films, the Hα*/SiH* ratio is a critical factor affecting the resistivity. The existence of PH3 or B2H6 in the feed stream enhances the deposition rate. Changes of the free radicals intensities can be used to explain variation of film characteristics under different deposition conditions.
Obesity and hyperinsulinemia in a family with pancreatic agenesis and MODY caused by the IPF1 mutation Pro63fsX60

We studied the genetic and clinical features of diabetic subjects in a 5-generation Michigan-Kentucky pedigree ascertained through a proband with pancreatic agenesis and homozygous for the IPF1 mutation Pro63fsx60. Diabetic and nondiabetic family members were genotyped and phenotyped. We also carried out genetic studies to determine the history of the IPF1 mutation in the Michigan-Kentucky family and a Virginia family with the same mutation. We identified 110 individuals; 34 are currently being treated for diabetes and 10 of these are Pro63fsX60 carriers (ie, MODY4). Subjects with MODY as well as those with type 2 diabetes are characterized by obesity and hyperinsulinemia. Genetic studies suggest that the IPF1 mutation was inherited from an ancestor common to both the Michigan-Kentucky and Virginia families. MODY4 and type 2 diabetes in the Michigan-Kentucky pedigree are associated with obesity and hyperinsulinemia. Obesity and hyperinsulinemia have been observed occasionally in other subtypes of MODY, which suggests that hyperinsulinemia may be a general phenomenon when obesity occurs in MODY subjects. Hypoinsulinemia in nonobese MODY subjects seems to be caused by a functional defect in the beta cell. Genetic testing should be considered in multigenerational obese diabetic subjects, particularly when such families contain young diabetic members.
Magnesium depletion in normal man.

Abstract Two normal subjects were depleted of magnesium for 39 and 49 days, respectively, by means of a diet low in magnesium (1 to 2.5 mmoles), high in calcium (30 to 50 mmoles), and normal in protein and caloric content. Intravenous infusions of sodium and potassium sulfate were given frequently in order to augment renal magnesium loss. However, the principle magnesium loss occurred via fecal excretion, which exceeded intake, evidently as a result of the high calcium intake. Both calcium and magnesium clearance fell markedly. Cumulative negative magnesium balance amounted to 92 and 86 mmoles, respectively, or 8 to 10 per cent of body magnesium. Calcium balance was zero. No increase in magnesium loss followed the ingestion of 10 ounces of whiskey daily. Plasma calcium remained normal, but plasma and erythrocyte magnesium fell moderately. Muscle magnesium remained normal; consequently, the source of the lost magnesium must have been bone. No untoward effects occurred.
Three Dimensional Power Doppler evaluation of human endometrium after administration of oxytocine receptor antagonist (OTRa) in an IVF program

To compare endometrial and subendometrial morphological changes and vascularity as measured by 3D Power Doppler sonography, based on a specific scoring system between women subjected or not to oxytocine receptor antagonist (OTRa) during IVF cycles. Twenty-six women were divided into groups according to OTRa (Atosiban tractocide) administration. The first group (control n = 13 women) was examined with 3D Power Doppler 3 days after embryo transfer. The second group (n = 13 women) was administered 7.5 mg intravenous tractocide 2 days after embryo transfer and a 3D Power Doppler was performed after a day. The control group presented the following ultrasonographic characteristics: (a) echogenic endometrium in all cases, (b) endometrial thickness >7 mm in all cases (84.6%), (c) endometrial volume >2.31 cm3 in 5 cases (38.5%), (d) abnormal sub-endometrial halo in 3 cases (23.1%), (e) endometrial blood flow in 6 cases (46.2%) and (f) complex vessel’s architecture in 2 cases (15.4%). In women who underwent OTRa administration were observed: (a) echogenic endometrium in 1 case (7.7%), triple line endometrium in 12 cases (92.3%), (b) endometrial thickness >7 mm in all cases, (c) endometrial volume >2.31 cm3 in 11 cases (84.6%), (d) abnormal sub-endometrial halo in 3 cases (23.1%), (e) endometrial blood flow in 11 cases (84.6%) and (f) complex vessel’s architecture in 6 cases (46.2%). Women who have taken OTRa presented an endometrium with characteristics more predictive of implantation.
Extreme ultraviolet lithography mask etch study and overview

An overview of extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) mask etch is presented and a EUVL mask etch study was carried out. Today, EUVL implementation has three critical challenges that hinder its adoption: extreme ultraviolet (EUV) source power, resist resolution- line width roughness-sensitivity, and a qualified EUVL mask. The EUVL mask defect challenges result from defects generated during blank prepa- ration, absorber and multilayer deposition processes, as well as pattern- ing, etching and wet clean processes. Stringent control on several performance criteria including critical dimension (CD) uniformity, etch bias, micro-loading, profile control, defect control, and high etch selectivity requirement to capping layer is required during the resist pattern duplica- tion on the underlying absorber layer. EUVL mask absorbers comprise of mainly tantalum-based materials rather than chrome- or MoSi-based materials used in standard optical masks. Compared to the conventional chrome-based absorbers and phase shift materials, tantalum-based absorbers need high ion energy to obtain moderate etch rates. However, high ion energy may lower resist selectivity, and could introduce defects. Current EUVL mask consists of an anti-reflective layer on top of the bulk absorber. Recent studies indicate that a native oxide layer would suffice as an anti-reflective coating layer during the electron beam inspec- tion. The absorber thickness and the material properties are optimized based on optical density targets for the mask as well as electromagnetic field effects and optics requirements of the patterning tools. EUVL mask etch processes are modified according to the structure of the absorber, its material, and thickness. However, etch product volatility is the fundamen- tal requirement. Overlapping lithographic exposure near chip border may require etching through the multilayer, resulting in challenges in profile control and etch selectivity. Optical proximity correction is applied to fur- ther enhance the resolution. Other resolution enhancement techniques, such as phase shifting, are also in consideration for EUVL. Phase-shifting will involve partial etching of the multilayer. The trend to use shorter EUV wavelength (e.g., 6.7 nm) for enhancing resolution will use new multilayer and absorber compositions, and will require new etch process develop- ment efforts. TaBO/TaBN absorber layers (features down to 40 nm) were etched with vertical profiles, low etch CD bias, and 1.7 nm etch CD uniformity (3σ). In the light shed application, Mo∕Si multilayer etching yielded vertical profiles and high etch selectivity. © 2013 Society of Photo-Optical
Office Removal of Silastic Catheters and Ports is Safe and Cost Effective

Dual-lumen Silastic catheters and ports are being increasingly implanted for long-term infusion of medications and hyperalimentation and for dialysis. These have traditionally been removed in the o...
Antibiotics: Synergistic MRSA combinations.

Meropenem/piperacillin/tazobactam is a triple β-lactam combination that kills MRSA in vitro and in a mouse model through a novel synergistic mechanism of action. Similar activity for other carbapenem/β-lactam combinations suggests that MRSA infections might be treatable with combinations of established β-lactams currently classified as ineffective against MRSA.
Characterization of Powered Resonance Tube for High Frequency Actuation

A numerical investigation of powered resonance tube is carried out to study the effect of geometry on the unsteady flow characteristics and mass flow variations. Computational results for pressure fluctuations and sound pressure level (SPL) spectra are presented for different tube configurations. The results demonstrate that both amplitude and frequency for pressure oscillations in the gap are strongly dependent on tube length and separation distance.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Ignition and combustion of aluminum particles in H2/O2/N2 combustion products

The ignition and combustion of aluminum particles is studied at high pressures and temperature in the combustion products of nitrogen-diluted premixed H2/O2 mixtures in a high-pressure, constant-volume combustion chamber. A novel approach is used to inject particles after sufficient delay for gas-phase combustion transients to equilibrate, permitting the particles to ignite and burn at high ambient temperature and nearly constant pressure conditions. Particle ignition and combustion are monitored optically by measuring combusting particle emissions. The methodology is used to measure the ignition and combustion times of ~22-/um spherodized aluminum particles over a range of pressures (38-145 atm), at 2630 K, and in 20% excess oxygen concentration. Measured ignition delays and combustion times are compared to independent data showing very good agreement.
Research note: antioxidant activity of Japanese quail liver cytosol in the absence and presence of reduced glutathione.

The antioxidant activity of Japanese quail liver cytosol was assessed in the presence of .1, 1.0, or 10.0 mM reduced glutathione (GSH) using an in vitro assay system that utilized quail liver microsomes as the lipid substrate. The formation of malonaldehyde (MA), an indicator of lipid peroxidation, was reduced (P less than .01) by 1.0 and 10.0 mM GSH, even in the absence of cytosolic protein. Cytosolic protein at a level of 1 mg/mL of assay medium did not further reduce MA formation at any of the GSH concentrations tested. Increasing the cytosolic protein concentration to 6 mg/mL decreased (P less than .01) MA formation, even in the absence of added GSH.
Multidimensional subgroups in migraine: differential treatment outcome to a pain medicine program.

objective. The present study compared two different approaches for deriving patient profiles on their ability to predict treatment outcome to a pain medicine program for migraine headache. design/methods. Using visual analog scale measures of pain intensity and functional limitations and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), as a measure of depression, 235 migraine patients were classified into statistical clusters. The same patients were also classified using the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) algorithm into three subgroups: Adaptive copers (AC), characterized by lower reported levels of pain intensity, life interference, and distress, as well as higher levels of perceived life control; interpersonally distressed (ID), characterized by more intermediate levels of pain, distress, and interference, with a predominant perception of inadequate support and punishing responses from significant others; and dysfunctional (Dys), characterized by high levels of pain severity, life interference, and distress and low levels of perceived life control and activity. results. The results of the K-cluster analysis yielded a three-cluster solution: The low impact cluster, was characterized by low pain, low functional limitations and low depression and showed significant reductions in pre-to-posttreatment pain; the moderate impact cluster displayed higher levels of pain and functional limitations and low depression and showed only slight pre-to-posttreatment pain reduction; and the high impact cluster displayed the highest levels of pain, functional limitations, and depression and showed significant increases in pre-to-posttreatment pain. Unlike the K-clustered groups, MPI subgroups failed to differentially predict treatment outcome. When the K-clustered groups were crosstabulated with the MPI subgroups, the predictive validity of the MPI subgroups was enhanced. conclusion. This study questions the validity of the MPI subgroup classification algorithm. The results indicate that the K-clustering approach is more useful than the MPI in deriving meaningful patient clusters that differentially predict treatment outcome in a migraine population.
Reduced Injection Needle Mobility Caused by Lacquer Deposits from Sunflower Oil

The effect of temperature on the rate of lacquer deposit formation from neat sunflower oil on the needles of fuel injection nozzles was investigated. Bosch fuel injection nozzles were tested on a fuel injection calibration stand. A pneumatic leak test was developed to monitorr the needle clearance reduction due to deposit buildup. Based on the obtained results, the temperature of injection nozzles handling plant oil fuels should be kept as low as possible. The heating of plant oil fuels to reduce their viscosity should be restricted to the necessary minimum
Reconsidering the resources needed for multiple casualty events: lessons learned from the crash of Asiana Airlines flight 214

IMPORTANCE: To date, a substantial portion of multiple casualty incident literature has focused exclusively on prehospital and emergency department resources needed for optimal disaster response. Thus, inpatient resources required to care for individuals injured in multiple casualty events are not well described. OBJECTIVE: To highlight the resources beyond initial emergency department triage needed for multiple casualty events, using one of the largest commercial aviation disasters in modern US history as a case study. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Prospective case series of injured individuals treated at an urban level I trauma center following the crash of Asiana Airlines flight 214 on July 6, 2013. This analysis was conducted between June 1, 2014, and December 1, 2015. EXPOSURE: Commercial jetliner crash. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Medical records, imaging data, nursing overtime, blood bank records, and trauma registry data were analyzed. Disaster logs, patient injuries, and blood product data were prospectively collected during the incident. RESULTS: Among 307 people aboard the flight, 192 were injured; 63 of the injured patients were initially evaluated at San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center (the highest number at any of the receiving medical facilities; age range, 4-74 years [23 were aged RESULTS: RESULTS: 60 years]; median injury severity score of 19 admitted patients, 9 [range, 9-45]), including the highest number of critically injured patients (10 of 12). Despite the high impact of the crash, only 3 persons ( RESULTS: CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Proper disaster preparedness requires attention to hospital-level needs beyond initial emergency department triage. The Asiana Airlines flight 214 crash highlights the need to plan for high use of advanced imaging, blood products, operating room availability, nursing resources, and management of inpatient hospital beds. Language: en
US Oversight and Regulation of Genetic Testing

• The oversight responsibilities for genetic testing in the United States (US) are shared by multiple governmental and non-governmental entities, including federal and state government agencies, healthcare payers, professional associations, and other sectors. This chapter describes:
Comparison of Three Sampling Methods for Estimating Adult Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Populations

Sampling of adult stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), in cattle feedlots was investigated for 3 yr in southeast Nebraska. Three methods of estimating stable fly populations (front leg counts on cattle, a stanchioned-calf technique, and Alsynite fiber glass traps) were compared at three times of day. Time of sampling significantly affected population estimates in 2 of the 3 yr of the study. The correlation between sampling methods was determined for each sampling time and is discussed.
Tumor location does not impact return of renal function following partial nephrectomy

14511 Background: To study the impact of tumor location on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) changes following partial nephrectomy. Methods: We reviewed our institutional database to identify pa...
A Model of Direct Gauge Mediation of Supersymmetry Breaking

We present the first phenomenologically viable model of gauge meditation of supersymmetry breaking without a messenger sector or gauge singlet fields. The standard model gauge groups couple directly to the sector which breaks supersymmetry dynamically. Despite the direct coupling, it can preserve perturbative gauge unification thanks to the inverted hierarchy mechanism. There is no dangerous negative contribution to m{sup 2}{sub {tilde q}} , m{sup 2}{sub {tilde l}} due to two-loop renormalization group equation. The potentially nonuniversal supergravity contribution to m{sup 2}{sub {tilde q}} and m{sup 2}{sub {tilde l}} can be suppressed enough. The model is completely chiral, and one does not need to forbid mass terms for the messenger fields by hand. Cosmology of the model is briefly discussed. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Genetic Testing in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Cytogenetic analysis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is essential for disease diagnosis, classification, prognostic stratification, and treatment guidance. Molecular genetic analysis of CEBPA, NPM1, and FLT3 is already standard of care in patients with AML, and mutations in several additional genes are assuming increasing importance. Mutational analysis of certain genes, such as SF3B1, is also becoming an important tool to distinguish subsets of MDS that have different biologic behaviors. It is still uncertain how to optimally combine karyotype with mutation data in diagnosis and risk-stratification of AML and MDS, particularly in cases with multiple mutations and/or several mutationally distinct subclones.
The Hindu in Hoodoo: Fake Yogis, Pseudo-Swamis, and the Manufacture of African American Folk Magic

This article examines the relationship between African American folk religion and American representations of Hinduism and yoga in the early twentieth century. The essay focuses on how Westernized notions of yoga and Hinduism were absorbed by Hoodoo during the period. The essay traces how hybridized products and practices were manufactured, marketed, and widely sold.
Psychopharmacology and the management of violent patients.

Human aggression is a complex behavior with multiple determinants for which there are as yet no specific drug treatments. This article reviews case reports and clinical studies of the use of various classes of medication in aggressive individuals. In addition, pharmacologic ap proaches to the acutely agitated patient are described. Recent studies of the beta-blockers and carbamazepine suggest that these agents may be of benefit in certain aggressive individuals. Methodologie limitations of extant clinical studies of the pharmacologic management of the violent patient are described as well.