cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An exploratory study of risk-taking and attitudes in a girls-only middle school math class.

In this study, conducted over 2 years, I examined the attitudes of girls toward themselves and their classmates, and their behavior, in a girls-only seventh- (prealgebra) and eighth-grade (algebra) math classroom (with 1 teacher) in a coeducational public middle school. Classroom observations and interviews with 14 of the 24 girls provided the data. The girls reported, and the observational data revealed, that the girls were more likely to ask and answer questions about subject matter in the math class than they were in their other classes, which were coeducational. The girls also said that the girls-only setting enhanced their ability to learn math and their view of themselves as mathematicians. Without exception, they preferred the girls-only environment to a coeducational classroom.
sprouty Encodes a Novel Antagonist of FGF Signaling that Patterns Apical Branching of the Drosophila Airways

Antagonists of several growth factor signaling pathways play important roles in developmental patterning by limiting the range of the cognate inducer. Here, we describe an antagonist of FGF signaling that patterns apical branching of the Drosophila airways. In wild-type embryos, the Branchless FGF induces secondary branching by activating the Breathless FGF receptor near the tips of growing primary branches. In sprouty mutants, the FGF pathway is overactive and ectopic branches are induced on the stalks of primary branches. We show that FGF signaling induces sprouty expression in the nearby tip cells, and sprouty acts nonautonomously and in a competitive fashion to block signaling to the more distant stalk cells. sprouty encodes a novel cysteine-rich protein that defines a new family of putative signaling molecules that may similarly function as FGF antagonists in vertebrate development.
Earth‐Diver: Creation of the Mythopoeic Male

Earth,Diver: Creation of the Mythopoeic Male ALAN DUNDES University of Kansas EW anthropologists are satisfied with the present state of scholarship with respect to primitive mythology. While not everyone shares Levi-Strauss's extreme pessimistic opinion that from a theoretical point of view the study of myth is very much the same as it was fifty years ago, namely a picture of chaos (1958: 50), still there is general agreement that much remains to be done in elucidating the processes of the formation, transmission, and functioning of myth in culture. One possible explanation for the failure of anthropologists to make any notable advances in myth studies is the rigid adherence to two fundamental principles: a literal reading of myth and a study of myth in monocultural context. The insistence of most anthropologists upon the literal as opposed to the symbolic interpretation, in terms of cultural relativism as opposed to transcultural universalism, is in part a continuation of the reaction against 19th century thought in which universal symbolism in myth was often argued and in part a direct result of the influence of two dominant figures in the history of anthropology, Boas and Malinowski. Both these pioneers favored studying one culture at a time in depth and both contended that myth was essentially nonsymbolic. Boas often spoke of mythology reflecting culture, implying something of a one-to-one relationship. With this view, purely descriptive ethnographic data could be easily culled from the mythological material of a particular culture. Malinowski argued along similar lines: Studied alive, myth, as we shall see, is not symbolic, but a direct expression of its subject matter (1954: 101). Certainly, there is much validity in the notion of my­ thology as a cultural reflector, as the well documented researches of Boas and Malinowski demonstrate. However, as in the case of most all-or-nothing approaches, it does not account for all the data. Later students in the Boas tradition, for example, noted that a comparison between the usual descriptive ethnography and the ethnographical picture obtained from mythology revealed numerous discrepancies. Ruth Benedict (1935) in her important Introduction to Zuni Mythology spoke of the tendency to idealize and com­ pensate in folklore. More recently, Katherine Spencer has contrasted the correspondences and discrepancies between the ethnographical and mytho­ logical accounts. She also suggests that the occurrence of folkloristic material which contradicts the ethnographic data may be better explained in psycho­ logical than in historical terms (1947:130). However, anthropologists have tended to mistrust psychological terms, and consequently the pendulum has not yet begun to swing away from the literal to the symbolic reading of myth. F
Global changes in gene expression during compatible and incompatible interactions of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) with the root parasitic angiosperm Striga gesnerioides

Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata L. Walp., is one of the most important food and forage legumes in the semi-arid tropics. While most domesticated forms of cowpea are susceptible to the root parasitic weed Striga gesnerioides, several cultivars have been identified that show race-specific resistance. Cowpea cultivar B301 contains the RSG3-301 gene for resistance to S. gesnerioides race SG3, but is susceptible to race SG4z. When challenged by SG3, roots of cultivar B301 develop a strong resistance response characterized by a hypersensitive reaction and cell death at the site of parasite attachment. In contrast, no visible response occurs in B301 roots parasitized by SG4z. Gene expression in the roots of the cowpea cultivar B301 during compatible (susceptible) and incompatible (resistant) interactions with S. gesnerioides races SG4z and SG3, respectively, were investigated at the early (6 days post-inoculation (dpi)) and late (13 dpi) stages of the resistance response using a Nimblegen custom design cowpea microarray. A total of 111 genes were differentially expressed in B301 roots at 6 dpi; this number increased to 2102 genes at 13 dpi. At 13 dpi, a total of 1944 genes were differentially expressed during compatible (susceptible) interactions of B301 with SG4z. Genes and pathways involved in signal transduction, programmed cell death and apoptosis, and defense response to biotic and abiotic stress were differentially expressed in the early resistance response; at the later time point, enrichment was primarily for defense-related gene expression, and genes encoding components of lignifications and secondary wall formation. In compatible interactions (B301 – SG4z), multiple defense pathways were repressed, including those involved in lignin biosynthesis and secondary cell wall modifications, while cellular transport processes for nitrogen and sulfur were increased. Distinct changes in global gene expression profiles occur in host roots following successful and unsuccessful attempted parasitism by Striga. Induction of specific defense related genes and pathways defines components of a unique resistance mechanism. Some genes and pathways up-regulated in the host resistance response to SG3 are repressed in the susceptible interactions, suggesting that the parasite is targeting specific components of the host’s defense. These results add to our understanding of plant-parasite interactions and the evolution of resistance to parasitic weeds.
Unsteady Transonic Flows over an Airfoil

Inviscid, transonic flows over the NACA 64A410 airfoil were calculated using a finite-difference analog of the Euler equations. Steady flow solutions were obtained for angles of attack of 0°, 2° and 4° at Mach 0.72. Unsteady calculations were made at the same Mach number and in the same general angle-of-attack range for a step change of angle of attack, a step change in pitching angular velocity, and for sinusoidal pitching oscillations about the midchord at reduced frequencies 0.2,1.0, and 5.0. (Reduced frequency, K^uC/U^.) A summary of the resulting surface pressures, shock locations, and the forces and moments is presented. The forces and moments obtained for the cases with harmonic oscillations were compared to the results from a linearized analysis which used, to approximate the indicial functions, the responses calculated for the step changes.
A new active compensator scheme for dynamic voltage scaling in voltage regulators

Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) techniques are used to optimize the power consumption of the microprocessor by reducing the operating voltage under light-load conditions. To maximize the power saving of DVS, the voltage regulator should adjust the operating voltage to the new voltage commanded by the system as soon as possible. However the voltage regulator output capacitors and the compensation network may impact the voltage transitioning and settling time during DVS operation. In this paper, these impacts are discussed in detail and an active compensator scheme is proposed to optimize the DVS performance. Experimental results are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
State Energy-Based Economic Development Policies and Examples

States have adopted various policies and initiatives to develop and/or expand their energy industries, many of which have been driven by economic development purposes rather than specific energy or environmental concerns. Of the many reasons states have considered explicit energy policies, the direct economic benefits of stimulating the economy—creating jobs and increasing revenues—have often been at the forefront of policy decision making. This research note reviews existing policies targeted at developing the energy industry and presents two typologies of state-level energy policies. The first typology offers an organizing framework for categorizing such policies by energy source (existing vs. new) and energy approach (production vs. consumption). The second typology categorizes policies by regulatory approach (regulation vs. incentives) and target audience (producers vs. consumers). Different policy options are described and are used to illustrate the different types of policies according to the two ty...
A self-aligned airgap interconnect scheme

A new air-gap interconnect scheme with no additional patterning step successfully resolves the issue of unlanded via, and provides good interconnect reliability and improved packaging margin. We demonstrate that the insertion of airgaps in a very low-k dielectric (k=2.5) reduces the RC value of a 0.07um/0.07um comb structure by ∼14%, which is equivalent to an effective dielectric constant about 2.2.
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (adenosquamous carcinoma) treated with Mohs micrographic surgery.

Background Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), sometimes referred to as adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC), is a common malignant tumor of the salivary glands that can also develop from the esophagus, lacrimal passages, lung, upper respiratory tract, pancreas, prostate and thyroid. Rarely, MEC will present primarily in the skin. Case We present a case of primary MEC of the lower eyelid treated successfully with Mohs micrographic surgery. Results Mohs micrographic surgery was performed because of the highly aggressive and unpredictable nature of this tumor. The tumor was completely excised using Mohs with negative margins achieved in three stages. The patient has been disease free for 3 years since the surgery. Conclusion We offer Mohs as an option for treating MEC.
A theoretical model of a voltage controlled oscillator

A novel mathematical model of a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) based on physical dynamics with noise is proposed. The effects of noise on oscillators are shown and the analytical forms of the resulting phase noise are obtained using the stochastic integrals. It is shown that the VCO has phase noise contributed from the internal noise of the clock and the clock drift caused by tuning plus tracking loop noises. Moreover, a two-pole noise filter is designed to constrain tracking loop noise. The statistics of upward zero-crossing timing jitter are obtained as well as the cycle-to-cycle jitter. A timing jitter estimate is proposed. Analysis of the resulting phase noise along with the simulation suggest that the timing jitter process has a random walk behavior with restoring force and the upward zero-crossing jitter is normal distributed. The cycle-to-cycle jitter statistics are shown to be Gaussian distributed and independent.
Precursors of both conventional and Ly-1 B cells can escape feedback inhibition of Ig gene rearrangement

Experiments with transgenic mice carrying rearranged Ig transgenes have shown that membrane bound Ig molecules cause feedback inhibition of endogenous Ig gene rearrangement. However, this inhibition is never complete. It has been postulated that escape from feedback may be a property of the Ly-1 B cell subset, whereas rearrangement of endogenous Ig genes may be completely inhibited in conventional B cells. This possibility was investigated in transgenic mice carrying a lambda transgene under the control of the H chain enhancer. It was found that kappa producing B cells in these lambda transgenic mice were for the most part, although not exclusively, of the conventional B cell phenotype. Examination of peritoneal exudate cells revealed that a large proportion of Ly-1 B cells also express kappa. Adoptive transfer of bone marrow from adult lambda transgenic mice, a source of conventional B cell precursors, resulted in the production of relatively high levels of serum kappa 2 to 3 mo after transfer into recipient SCID mice. A high proportion of donor B cells in the spleen produced endogenous kappa protein with or without co-production of lambda. It is concluded that precursors of both conventional and Ly-1 B cells can escape feedback inhibition of L chain gene rearrangement.
Novel Dynamic Control of Power Systems with Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources in Multi-generator Framework

In this paper, the power system comprises of conventional synchronous generators (SGs) and renewable energy sources is represented as a multi-generator interconnected system. The renewable energy sources, here called renewable generators (RGs,) are connected to grid-tie inverters (GTI.) A novel controller is proposed for the GTI that makes the device behave as a conventional synchronous generator through dynamically varying gain and phase angle. The proposed GTI controller makes possible utilization of damping controllers, such as automatic voltage regulator (AVR) with power system stabilizer (PSS) and other advanced controllers, and thus improves transient stability. In addition, control mechanisms that assure constant input renewable power to the GTI during transients are introduced, which further improve the transient stability of the network. The end result is a feedback controller that makes possible the application of available multi-generator stabilizing techniques to the power systems with penetration of renewable energy sources. The effectiveness of the approach in damping oscillations that occur after disturbances has been verified by simulation on the IEEE 14-bus power system with the proposed GTI controller.
Slain and Slandered: A Content Analysis of the Portrayal of Femicide in Crime News

The present study is a content analysis of crime news to determine how femicide victims are portrayed by a Florida metropolitan newspaper. The analysis consisted of 292 domestic homicide-related articles published by one newspaper from 1995 to 2000. The data were analyzed to determine effects on newsworthiness, context revealed, and patterns of victim blame. A dichotomy concerning victim blame emerged from the analysis, suggesting victims are blamed directly and indirectly for their own femicides. Direct tactics include using negative language to describe the victim, highlighting her choices not to report past incidences, and portraying her actions with other men as contributing to her murder. Indirect tactics include using sympathetic language to describe the perpetrator; emphasizing the perpetrator's mental, physical, emotional, and financial problems; highlighting the victim's mental or physical problems; and describing domestic violence in terms that assign equal blame to both partners.
Openness-to-experience and mental health.

The relationship of openness-to-experience and mental health was investigated for 30 college women using Strupp and Hadley's 1977 tripartite model of mental health plus Holmes and Rahe's measure of recent stress. The set of mental health measures were employed in multiple regression analyses to predict self-report, behavioral, perceptual, and transactional measures of openness. Only the transactional measure of openness, defined as the ability to increase openness in a facultative situation, was significantly predicted by mental health.
Reactivity of Rh+(CO)2 during the NO–CO and CO–O2 Reactions over Rh/Al2O3

Abstract Exposure of Rh + (CO) 2 on Rh/Al 2 O 3 to NO causes CO desorption and adsorption of NO as Rh–NO + ; exposure of Rh + (CO) 2 to NO/H 2 produced N 2 O at 573 K. The presence of both reductant (i.e., CO) and oxidant (i.e., NO or O 2 ) in the reactant pulse is needed to initiate and sustain the NO–CO redox reaction cycle for CO 2 formation.
Evaluation of ethanol blends for PHEVs using engine-in-the-loop

The easy availability, lower well-to-wheel emissions, and relative ease of use associated with existing engine technology have made ethanol and ethanol-gasoline blends a viable alternative to gasoline for spark-ignition (SI) engines. The lower energy density of ethanol and ethanol — gasoline blends results in higher volumetric fuel consumption than that associated with gasoline. On one hand, when higher-level ethanol blends are used, the higher latent heat of vaporization can result in cold-start issues. On the other hand, a higher octane number, which indicates resistance to knock and enables optimal combustion phasing, improves engine efficiency, especially at higher loads. This paper compares fuel consumption and emissions for two ethanol blends with gasoline (E50 and E85) for conventional (nonhybrid), and series-type plug-in hybrid vehicles. Each vehicle configuration results in different engine operating regimes and multiple engine ON events. For each vehicle type, the sensitivities of fuel consumption and emissions to the three fuels are assessed. The impacts of ethanol blends on fuel consumption and emissions depend on the engine operating regime. The combined impact on fuel economy that results from low energy density (negative impact) and higher efficiency at high engine loads (positive impact) is assessed for the series PHEV. Changes to the vehicle energy management strategy for the series PHEV are proposed based on the differences in fuel consumption for the different blends. In this study, Argonne's vehicle system simulation and control software AUTONOMIE was used to simulate the engine-in-the-loop process. This paper describes the process in the AUTONOMIE environment.
Postnatal development of pulmonary and bronchial arterial circulations in the calf and the effects of chronic hypoxia.

Seven calves were placed in an altitude chamber on the day of birth and were maintained at the simulated high altitude of 11,000 feet for 2 to 5 months. Circulatory measurements during life and structural changes in the lungs after death were compared with findings in 20 normal calves. The normal calves showed a surprising growth of lung parenchyma and pulmonary and bronchial arterial circulations during the first seven days of life. Such a rapid postnatal lung growth has not previously been reported and may account for much of the normal decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure seen during this period of life. By contrast calves maintained from birth at simulated high altitude rapidly increased their pulmonary arterial pressures during the first two weeks of life. The pulmonary arterial circulation remained constricted and at autopsy presented an exaggerated radiographic and histologic pattern seen in normal calves less than 24 hours old. The bronchial arterial circulation in the calves at high altitude became greatly increased. Chronic hypoxia in these calves probably sustained increased tone in the pulmonary, but not systemic arterioles, with the result that the normal growth pattern of the lung vessels was altered. This study emphasizes the different regulation of the two arterial supplies to the same organ, namely, the lung.
Single-mode surface-emitting terahertz quantum-cascade lasers operating up to ~ 150 K

We report robust single-mode operation of surface-emitting distributed-feedback terahertz quantum-cascade lasers in metal-metal waveguides. Grating devices span a range of 0.35THz around 2.9THz, with 149K maximum pulsed operating temperature, and >6mW continuous-wave power at 5K.
A Method of Measuring the Number of Ectoparasites Infesting Hatchery Fish, with Particular Application to Gyrodactylus

Abstract A quantitative method is presented for estimating the intensity of infestation of the ectoparasite Gyrodactylus on goldfish. When infested fish are immersed in solutions of cresol the Gyrodactylus leave the fish and drift about in the liquid. The number of organisms in the solution may then be counted by standard methods. A series of experiments was performed to determine the variability in counts of parasites as it might be influenced by the use of several different fish, by different workers making the counts, by variations in the time interval between the immersion and counting, and by the concentration of the cresol. From experimental evidence obtained, it was concluded that considerable variability was associated with the counts made from different fish. Counts made by different workers and counts made after various immersion times, did not vary significantly. Concentrations of 1:4,000 to 1:6,666 (parts cresol: parts water) appeared to be satisfactory for use with Gyrodactylus. The method de...
Cardiac Teratogenicity in Mouse Maternal Phenylketonuria: Defining phenotype parameters and genetic background influences

Maternal phenylketonuria (MPKU) is a syndrome including cardiovascular malformations (CVMs), microcephaly, intellectual impairment, and small size for gestational age, caused by in-utero exposure to elevated serum phenylalanine (Phe) due to PKU in the mother. It is becoming a public health concern as more women with PKU reach child bearing age. Although a mouse model of PKU, BTBR Pah(enu2), has been available for 20 years, it has not been well utilized for studying MPKU. We used this model to delineate critical parameters in Phe cardiovascular teratogenicity and study the effect of genetic background. Dosing and timing experiments were performed with the BTBR Pah(enu2) mouse. A dose response curve was noted, with CVM rates at maternal serum Phe levels 900 μM (high) of 11.86%, 16.67%, 30.86%, and 46.67% respectively. A variety of CVMs were noted on the BTBR background, including double outlet right ventricle (DORV), aortic arch artery (AAA) abnormalities, and ventricular septal defects (VSDs). Timed exposure experiments identified a teratogenic window from embryonic day 8.5-13.5, with higher rates of conotruncal and valve defects occurring in early exposure time and persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA) and aortic arch branching abnormalities occurring with late exposure. Compared to the BTBR strain, N10+ Pah(enu2) congenics on the C3H/HeJ background had higher rates of CVMs in general and propensity to left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) malformations, while the C57B/L6 background had similar CVM rates but predominately AAA abnormalities. We have delineated key parameters of Phe cardiovascular teratogenicity, demonstrated the utility of this MPKU model on different mouse strains, and shown how genetic background profoundly affects the phenotype.
Multiuser detection for packet-switched CDMA networks with retransmission diversity

In this paper, multiuser detection is developed with exploitation of retransmission diversity. A maximum likelihood detector (MLD) that has the same order of complexity as the MLD using only the data in one transmission is developed. It is shown that the retransmission diversity increases the minimum signal distance and, therefore, significantly improves the performance of MLD. The linear MMSE, decorrelating, and MF detectors are developed under two design approaches. In the first approach,we have considered the weighted sum of outputs of a number of linear detectors, where each is implemented for one transmission. The optimum set of weights that maximizes the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) is obtained. In the second approach, a linear detector jointly utilizes the statistics collected from all transmissions. When the SINR of a linear detector is the same in each transmission, the retransmission diversity is shown to increase the SINR by 10log/sub 10/J dB for a packet of J transmissions. The limiting bit error rate for these three linear detectors in large networks with random spreading sequences is obtained in closed form, which enables further network throughput evaluation.
Symmetric polyarthritis with livedo reticularis: a newly recognized manifestation of hepatitis C virus infection.

1 51 M Erythematous patches, 5 mo Pruritus 20 94 88 548 trunk and limbs; atrophic patch, abdomen; all indurated 2 51 F Erythematous patches, 7 yr Tightness 23 83.5 84 358 trunk and proximal limbs; of skin atrophic patch, abdomen 3 31 F Linear, pigmented, indurated 2 yr Increased 12 69 70 838.5 patches, right buttock, pigment to lower thigh; atrophic patch, right buttock 4 13 F Linear, atrophic patches, left 5 yr Tightness 10 42.5 44 372 leg with depression over ankle; of skin erythematous patches, left thigh; all indurated
A kinetic study of the folding of nuclease B, a possible precursor of staphylococcal nuclease A

Abstract Nuclease B, which contains an additional flexible amino acid sequence of 19 amino acid residues bound to the NH 2 -terminus of nuclease A, an extracellular nuclease of Staphylococcus aureus , has been investigated in order to determine the influence of the extra residues on the refolding of the nuclease A portion from the acid denaturated state by monitoring the change in tryptophan fluorescence using a stopped-flow technique. It was found that the kinetic parameters of this refolding is similar within experimental error for nuclease A and nuclease B for the entire time course (up to 40 s) studied. Therefore, the extra residues do not appear to have any detectable effect on the dynamic events involved in the refolding process. Thus, the folding of the nuclease A portion of nuclease B appears to be thermodynamically and kinetically independent of the 19 residues at the amino-terminus.
Overtraining: consequences and prevention.

Overtraining refers to prolonged fatigue and reduced performance despite increased training. Its roots include muscle damage, cytokine actions, the acute phase response, improper nutrition, mood disturbances, and diverse consequences of stress hormone responses. The clinical features are varied, non‐specific, anecdotal and legion. No single test is diagnostic. The best treatment is prevention, which means (1) balancing training and rest, (2) monitoring mood, fatigue, symptoms and performance, (3) reducing distress and (4) ensuring optimal nutrition, especially total energy and carbohydrate intake.
Protein phosphatase 2A: A multifunctional regulator of cell signaling

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a ubiquitously expressed member of the PPP gene family. Genetic studies in yeast, flies, and mice have shown that PP2A is an essential enzyme that functions in the regulation of numerous cellular processes. Despite a wealth of information on its biochemical and structural properties, the precise roles of PP2A in cell signaling have remained obscure. Recent application of genetic methods and the identification of novel interacting proteins have provided new insights into the physiological functions of PP2A. This review provides an overview of the structural organization of PP2A and a discussion of recent progress in understanding how targeting proteins, especially the regulatory subunits, specify PP2A function.
The Unheard Voice of Law in Bartolomé de Las Casas’s Brevísima Relación de la Destruición de las Indias

The Unheard Voice of Law in Bartolome de las Casas’s Brevisima relacion de la destruicion de las Indias reinterprets Las Casas’s controversial treatise as a legal document, whose legal character is linked to civil and ecclesial genres of the Early Modern and late Renaissance juridical tradition. Bartolome de las Casas proclaimed: "I have labored to inquire about, study, and discern the law; I have plumbed the depths and have reached the headwaters." The Unheard Voice also plumbs the depths of Las Casas’s voice of law in his widely read and highly controversial Brevisima relacion—a legal document published and debated since the 16th century. This original reinterpretation of his Very Brief Account uncovers the juridical approach voiced in his defense of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. The Unheard Voice innovatively asserts that the Brevisima relacion’s legal character is intimately linked to civil and ecclesial genres of the late Renaissance juridical tradition. This paradigm-shifting book contextualizes the formation of Las Casas’s juridical voice in canon law and theology—initially as a secular cleric, subsequently as a Dominican friar, and finally as a diocesan bishop—and demonstrates how his experienced juridical voice fought for justice in trans-Atlantic debates about Indigenous peoples’ level of humanity, religious freedom, enslavement, and conquest. Reaching the headwaters of Las Casas’s hitherto unheard juridical voice of law in the Brevisima relacion provides readers with a previously unheard interpretation—an appealing voice for readers and students of this powerful Early Modern text that still resonates today. The Unheard Voice of Law is a valuable companion text for many in the disciplines of literature, history, theology, law, and philosophy who read Bartolome de las Casas’s Very Brief Account and study his life, labor, and legacy.
Synthesis of Insensitive N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-N1-nitroguanidine

A new, insensitive nitroguanidyl functionalized nitrogen-rich material derived from 2,4-dinitrophenyl derivative was synthesized. N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-N1-nitroguanidine (DNP-NQ) has a crystal density of 1.74 g/cm3. The synthesis and properties of DNP-NQ are described. DNP-NQ was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared spectroscopy, and gas pycnometry. Thermal properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results from small-scale sensitivity tests indicate that DNP-NQ is less sensitive than Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX). DNP-NQ can be prepared in high yield.
Partitioning network experiments for the cyber-range

Understanding the behavior of large-scale systems is challenging, but essential when designing an Internet protocol or application. Since it is often infeasible or undesirable to perform experiments directly on the Internet, simulation, emulation, and testbed experiments are important techniques for researchers to investigate large-scale systems. In this paper, we consider data-plane experiments without dynamic routing. We explore platform-independent mechanisms to partition a large network experiment into a set of smaller experiments that can be sequentially executed. Each of the smaller experiments is conducted on a given number of experimental nodes, e.g., the available machines on an emulation or real testbed. The results of the smaller experiments are integrated to approximate the results that would have been obtained from the original experiment. We propose the use of greedy minimum weight partitioning on a flow dependency graph, with mechanisms to identify uncongested links, and an iterative experimentation process in case of interactions among partitions. We quantify the loss of fidelity using ns-2 experiments on Rocketfuel topologies with different traffic mixes. We show that our techniques can preserve performance characteristics in cases where the network is lightly loaded or traffic is open-loop. In experiments with closed-loop traffic and many congested links, we find that a tradeoff exists between the simplicity of the partitioning and experimentation process, and the loss of experimental fidelity.
Whole exome sequencing of urachal adenocarcinoma reveals recurrent NF1 mutations

// Harshabad Singh 1, 2 , Yang Liu 2 , Xiuli Xiao 3 , Ling Lin 2 , Jaegil Kim 4 , Paul Van Hummelen 2 , Chin-Lee Wu 3 , Adam J. Bass 2 , Philip J. Saylor 1 1 Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA 2 Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA 3 Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 4 Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA Correspondence to: Adam J. Bass, email: adam_bass@dfci.harvard.edu Philip J. Saylor, email: psaylor@mgh.harvard.edu Keywords: urachal adenocarcinoma, NF1, whole exome sequencing Received: March 04, 2016 Accepted: March 18, 2016 Published: April 7, 2016 ABSTRACT Urachal adenocarcinoma is a rare bladder malignancy arising from the urachal remnant. Given its rarity and the lack of knowledge about its genetic characteristics, optimal management of this cancer is not well defined. Practice patterns vary and outcomes remain poor. In order to identify the genomic underpinnings of this malignancy, we performed whole exome sequencing using seven tumor/normal pairs of formalin fixed archival specimens. We identified recurrent evidence of MAP-kinase pathway activation as three patients had neurofibromin 1 ( NF1 ) mutations, with one of these patients also harboring an oncogenic KRAS G13D mutation. We also observed recurrent evidence of Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation as three patients had oncogenic mutations in APC or RNF43 . In addition, somatic copy number analysis revealed focal chromosome 12p amplifications in three samples, resembling findings from testicular germ cell tumors. We describe the genomic landscape of this malignancy in our institutional cohort and propose investigation of the therapeutic potential for MAP-K pathway inhibition in the subset of patients who show evidence of its activation.
Simulation of Coal Ash Particle Deposition Experiments

Existing experimental ash particle deposition measurements from the literature have been simulated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) discrete phase model (DPM) Lagrangian particle tracki...
A novel seizure detection algorithm informed by hidden Markov model event states

Objective. Recently the FDA approved the first responsive, closed-loop intracranial device to treat epilepsy. Because these devices must respond within seconds of seizure onset and not miss events, they are tuned to have high sensitivity, leading to frequent false positive stimulations and decreased battery life. In this work, we propose a more robust seizure detection model. Approach. We use a Bayesian nonparametric Markov switching process to parse intracranial EEG (iEEG) data into distinct dynamic event states. Each event state is then modeled as a multidimensional Gaussian distribution to allow for predictive state assignment. By detecting event states highly specific for seizure onset zones, the method can identify precise regions of iEEG data associated with the transition to seizure activity, reducing false positive detections associated with interictal bursts. The seizure detection algorithm was translated to a real-time application and validated in a small pilot study using 391 days of continuous iEEG data from two dogs with naturally occurring, multifocal epilepsy. A feature-based seizure detector modeled after the NeuroPace RNS System was developed as a control. Main results. Our novel seizure detection method demonstrated an improvement in false negative rate (0/55 seizures missed versus 2/55 seizures missed) as well as a significantly reduced false positive rate (0.0012 h versus 0.058 h−1). All seizures were detected an average of 12.1 ± 6.9 s before the onset of unequivocal epileptic activity (unequivocal epileptic onset (UEO)). Significance. This algorithm represents a computationally inexpensive, individualized, real-time detection method suitable for implantable antiepileptic devices that may considerably reduce false positive rate relative to current industry standards.
Research Situation and Development Trend of No-till Planter for Mechanized Conservation Tillage

Based on the analysis on the requirements for no-till planter for mechanized protective tillage, formulation machine types, characteristic and researching situation of no-till planter. This paper puts forward the direction of design no-till planter, pointed out that research and develop the high-efficient no-till planter related to high-power tractor are imperative.
Assessing Risks, Designing Solutions

Like the global mitigation policy debate, the design of adaptation solutions is a social process. Biologists play an important role in this process, but they are only one part of a complete team. Climate change biologists are central in providing input to the design of adaptation for conservation strategies. They are also important in delivering input that protects ecosystem services and avoids damage to nature in the design of human adaptation. This chapter explores the process of adaptation design and the role of biologists within it.
A FOUNDATION FOR DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLY SECURE SYSTEMS

This article is intended to introduce and familiarize systems engineers with ongoing developments in the field of systems security engineering and particularly the effort to develop NIST Special Publication 800-160 Systems Security Engineering, which provides security considerations for engineering trustworthy secure systems.
Online Optimal Operation of Parallel Voltage-Source Inverters Using Partial Information

In this paper, a novel optimal learning algorithm for partially unknown voltage-source inverters (VSIs) operating in parallel is presented. The algorithm designs game-theory-based distributed controllers to provide the appropriate working voltage magnitude and frequency at the load by converting dc voltage to ac voltage at the parallel VSIs. It takes advantage of information from the neighboring low pass $L\hbox{-}C$ filters to improve harmonic distortion and guarantee equal sharing of the load current across the VSIs while avoiding current circulation during transient and ensuring stability and robustness. It builds upon the ideas of approximate dynamic programming (ADP) and uses only partial information of the system and the exosystem, which is connected only to some of the VSIs. The proposed framework was tested in simulations to show its effectiveness.
Mirrors, Masks, and Masculinity: The Homosocial Legacy from Dickens to Machen

All the narrators and characters in J. Sheridan Le Fanu's In a Glass Darkly are unreliable impostors. As the title suggests, this is also the case with Arthur Machen's The Three Impostors, which similarly presents a virtual matryoshka of unreliability through a series of impostors. Both texts effect this systematic insistence on social constructedness by using and undermining the specific context of the male homosocial world. What served as the cure-all in the world of Pickwick – the homosocial bond – has here been exported, exposed, and proven flawed. The gothic is out in the open now, and the feared ghost resides without and within the group. The inability of anyone to interpret its signs, communicate its meaning, and rely on one's friends to talk one through it is the horror that cannot be overcome. Part of a larger project on the nineteenth-century ‘tales novel’ that treats the more heterogeneric and less heteronormative Victorian novel, this article examines how In a Glass Darkly and The Three Impost...
From extractivism towards buen vivir: mining policy as an indicator of a new development paradigm prioritising the environment

AbstractThis article analyses mining policy as an indicator of a larger question: are some Third World governments starting to steer away from plunder ‘extractivism’ towards a paradigm that prioritises the environment? We begin with the cases of El Salvador and Costa Rica, which have major mining bans in place. We then present the results of our research in which we find five other countries with noteworthy mining-policy shifts: Panama, Colombia, Argentina, Chile, and New Zealand. A sixth country, Honduras under President Zelaya, stands as a recent historical case of how sensitive such a policy change can be. A key take-away from our article is that critical development scholars and practitioners need to look more closely at the mining sector – not simply to analyse case studies of specific mining protests and resistances to extractivism, although these are of course important. Rather, there is a need to investigate policy changes that just might be indications that the era of unquestioning extractivism h...
Land cover diversity increases predator aggregation and consumption of prey

A lower diversity of land cover types is purported to decrease arthropod diversity in agroecosystems and is dependent on patterns of land use and fragmentation. Ants, important providers of ecosystem services such as biological control, are susceptible to landscape-level changes. We determined the relationships between land cover diversity and fragmentation on the within-field spatial associations of ants to pests and resulting predation events by combining mapping and molecular tools. Increased land cover diversity and decreased fragmentation increased ant abundance, spatial association to pests and predation. Land cover diversity and fragmentation were more explanatory than land cover types. Even so, specific land cover types, such as deciduous forest, influenced ant and pest diversity more so than abundance. These results indicate that geospatial techniques and molecular gut content analysis can be combined to determine the role of land use in influencing predator-prey interactions and resulting predation events in agroecosystems.
Top-K Entity Units Retrieval Over Big Data

During the past several years, data size has increased explosively. This data explosion tendency has impacted various fields ranging from biomedical engineering, business consulting to social media and mobile application. Big Data is a two sided sword. While it provides incredibly treasured insights in commercial scope and innovative discovery in the scientific field, Big Data also has many challenges, such as complication in data storage, data processing, data analysis and data visualization. Among all these challenges, keyword searching over a large volume of data prevails as one of the four tasks defined by Bizer et al. at the year of 2012. Keyword searching refers to retrieving the objects relevant to the entities of concern using scientific computational methods. Consequently, efficiently solving the problem of keyword searching can contribute as a foundation to diverse Big Data applications.
Essential Requirements for Semantic CMS

CMS have to support a set of essential requirements in order to upgrade to semantic CMS. They have to own the capability of lifting content and enrich it with data from external, semantic sources such as the LOD cloud.
Introduction: On the Axiology of Training and Development—Is Training Value Neutral?

What will organizational leaders in the year 2085 think of today’s Hooters™ training manual which includes such directives as “look wholesome, yet sexy … and, white bras only with make-up to be worn at all times”? This introductory chapter challenges the reader to view workplace and community training from an axiological as well as a social justice lens. Specifically, while the act of training itself—teaching or developing oneself or others in knowledge, skills, or attitudes (KSAs) needed to improve one’s capability—may be value neutral, training programs have historically been the means to sustain stereotypes, racism, and sexism, yet they also have been a party to progressive societal efforts and cultural movements. An overarching premise presented is that organizational and community leaders must be vigilant in ensuring that not only are training outcomes ethical, but so too are the interventions.
Book Review: It's Not All Rainbows and Unicorns in the Brave Digital World

This is a book review of "Remake, Remodel: Women's Magazines in the Digital Age" (2013) by Brooke Erin Duffy.
Keynes's Views on Formalism and Mathematics: On the Role Played by Mathematical Formalism in His IS-LP(LM) Model As Presented in the General Theory in Chapter 21

J. M. Keynes’s general comments made on pp. 275-276, pp. 297-298, and p.305 of the General Theory concerning the relationship between mathematics and economics has been very severely misinterpreted by economists in general for the last eight decades. Hundreds of commentators have cited these pages while being completely oblivious to the fact that Keynes presented his complete IS-LP (LM) model on the very next line of the same page, page 298. Keynes’s entire analysis, including potential problems with the model, was presented on pp. 298-303 of the General Theory. Keynes spent five pages listing what these potential problems were. Very specific qualifications, constraints and criticisms, that needed to be considered when applying the model, were presented by Keynes. Nevertheless, Keynes made it crystal clear on p. 299 of the General Theory that his entire model, presented on p. 298, was a system of simultaneous equations that would yield a specific, determinate, equilibrium result if it was solved using the available, aggregate facts about consumption, investment, the multiplier, and the amount of liquidity preference. Keynes’s masterful performance in 1936 has been portrayed as partially incomprehensible by the vast majority of both Post Keynesian and Neoclassical synthesis Keynesian economists. What is incomprehensible is that Keynes’s clearly presented IS-LP (LM) model, with an additional supporting mathematical analysis that was provided on pp. 304-306 of the General Theory, could have been overlooked by all economists for the last 83 years.
Proposing a New Paradigm

This chapter weaves together psychological theories and Reformed Theology beliefs to create a paradigm that shows clear distinction between psychosis and mystical religious experience. The paradigm is presented not in “cookbook” fashion but descriptively with numerous examples included. Mystical experience is limited to experiences of union with God, and other categories are given for other kinds of encounters with God and other kinds of faith experiences, both vertical and horizontal.
Resident Selection: A Survey of Directors of Residency Training for Five Specialties

In the nation-wide survey, directors of residency training in six specialties were asked to rank, in order of importance, five types of information used in selecting residents. Directors in psychiatry and family practice were similar to each other and different from the other specialties in that they ranked the personality of the applicant as the most important factor in resident selection. Directors in all the specialties indicated that letters from Deans and faculty should reflect students’ weaknesses as well as strengths and that more quantitative information should be provided. The author discusses the implications of these findings.