cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Jotunites from the Grenville Province, Quebec: petrological characteristics and implications for massif anorthosite petrogenesis

Abstract We report new results on the geology, mineralogy and chemical compositions of jotunites (mainly pyroxene-monzodiorites) from the Morin, St. Urbain and Labrieville anorthosite complexes, all in the Grenville Province of Quebec. Jotunites occur between anorthosite and mangerite, as marginal units to anorthosite or mangerite plutons, or as fine-grained dikes in either rock type. Some occurrences are probably cumulates, but the dikes indicate the existence of jotunitic liquids. Jotunites consist predominantly of sodic plagioclase (∼An25–An45), clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene having intermediate XMg (e.g., ∼En60–En40), along with significant ilmenite, magnetite and apatite; most samples contain small amounts of K-feldspar (locally mesoperthite) and quartz. It is noteworthy that plagioclase and pyroxene compositions in jotunites lie between those in associated anorthosite and mangerite. Jotunites from all areas span a similar range in SiO2-content (40–55 wt.%) and are characterized by high levels of Fe2O3-T (⩽30 wt.%), TiO2 (⩽6 wt.%) and P2O5 (⩽3.25 wt.%). All samples are alkalic, with K2O (⩽3.6 wt.%) increasing in the sequence Morin → St. Urbain → Labrieville. They contain high Sr (up to 1400 ppm) and Ba (up to 4600 ppm) and concentrations correlate well with those in associated anorthosite in each case. Jotunites also are high in Ga (high Ga Al ), Zr, Zn, Y and REE, but low in Rb (high K Rb ), U, Th, Ni, Cr, Co, Sc and V (high Ti V . Jotunites can be linked spatially, mineralogically and chemically with associated anorthosite and mangerite, and we interpret them as transitional rocks in a largely comagmatic sequence from anorthosite to mangerite. We postulate a model for andesine- anorthosite petrogenesis involving early crystallization and accumulation of plagioclase from parental magmas of intermediate SiO2-content—broadly “dioritic” in composition, resulting in Fe-, Ti- and P-enrichment in the remaining magma, leading to jotunite. High |(O2) Table causes early crystallization of FeTi oxides, which suppresses Fe Mg enrichment in pyroxene. Fractionation of FeTi oxides, pyroxene and apatite ultimately results in Si- and K-enrichment in residual liquids, leading to quartz-mangerite. Significantly, liquids follow an initial trend of Si-depletion + Fe-enrichment followed by a reversal of this trend. This view contrasts strongly with current models that regard anorthosite, jotunite and mangerite as unrelated products of bimodal magmatism.
Embryonic Growth-Associated Protein Is One Subunit of a Novel N-Terminal Acetyltransferase Complex Essential for Embryonic Vascular Development

N-terminal protein acetylation, catalyzed by N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs) recognizing distinct N-terminal sequences, is gaining recognition as an essential regulator of normal cell function, but little is known of its role in vertebrate development. We previously cloned a novel gene, embryonic growth-associated protein (EGAP), the expression of which is associated with rapid vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation during development. We show herein EGAP is the mammalian/ zebrafish homologue of yeast Mak10p, one subunit of the yeast NatC complex, and describe the cloning of its binding partners Mak3 and Mak31. The EGAP NAT forms a functional complex in mammalian cells, is evolutionarily conserved, and developmentally regulated. It is widely but not ubiquitously expressed during early zebrafish development but undetectable in later developmental stages. We demonstrate EGAP- and Mak3-deficient zebrafish fail to develop because of, in part, decreased cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and poor blood vessel formation contributing to embryonic lethality. We examined the role of target of rapamycin (TOR), a highly conserved protein kinase controlling cell growth, as a physiological target of EGAP NAT acetylation. Compared with controls, TOR expression and signaling is significantly reduced in EGAP morphants. Pharmacological inhibition of TOR with rapamycin phenocopied the EGAP morpholino oligonucleotide-induced growth and vessel defects. Overexpression of constitutively active TOR rescued EGAP morphants, suggesting TOR is a direct or indirect endogenous substrate of the EGAP NAT complex. These data suggest the EGAP NAT complex is an essential regulatory enzyme controlling the function of a subset of proteins required for embryonic growth control and vessel development.
Dynamic 13C NMR analysis of pyruvate and lactate oxidation in the in vivo canine myocardium: Evidence of reduced utilization with increased work

In this work, substrate selection was monitored in the left ventricle of the canine myocardium by following pyruvate and lactate oxidation under in vivo conditions at basal and elevated workloads. These studies were conducted in the open chest model using dynamic 13 C NMR techniques in the presence and absence of dichloroacetic acid (DCA), a well-known activator of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). Following the infusion of (3- 13 C) pyruvate or (3- 13 C) lactate into the left anterior descending artery, highly variable 13 C enrichments of glutamate, alanine, aspartate, and citrate were noted under low (RPP 25,500 mmHg/min) rate pressure products (RPP). At low workloads, the myocardium typically oxidized the infused (3- 13 C) pyruvate or (3- 13 C) lactate and incorporated the labeled carbon into the glutamate pool as expected. However, in a few notable instances (n = 3), 13 C-enriched pyruvate and lactate were unable to label the glutamate pool under in vivo conditions even at the lowest RPPs, indicating a lack of selection for these substrates by the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Nonetheless, the levels of glutamate C4 enrichment observed at low workloads could usually be enhanced by infusion of DCA. Importantly, 13 C NMR extract analysis revealed that (3- 13 C) pyruvate or (3- 13 C) lactate labeling of the glutamate pool was reduced (<20%) at high workloads in spite of increased DCA concentrations.
Evaluation of a minimal-therapist-contact thermal biofeedback treatment program for essential hypertension.

We compared a clinic-based regimen of 16 individual sessions (2 per week) of thermal biofeedback with a largely home-based regimen of 5 sessions (spread over 8 weeks) for the treatment of essential hypertension in patients who required at least two drugs to maintain control of blood pressure (BP). On the basis of the clinical end point of being successfully withdrawn from the second stage medication while BP remained under control, the clinic-based regimen (5 of 9) was superior (chi less than (1) = 4.0, p less than .05) to the home-based regimen (1 of 9). Internal analyses point to more frequently obtaining a hand temperature of at least 95 degrees F by the office-based patients as possibly the reason for the difference.
Ethanol-induced stimulation of hepatic ornithine decarboxylase activity in the rat.

The effect of a single feeding of ethanol on hepatic ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in rats was investigated. Ethanol (7.5 g/kg body weight) was tube-fed to overnight-fasted rats as a 50% (v/v) solution in water 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, or 24 hr before sacrifice. The levels of ODC activity in the livers were assayed in vitro by measuring the release of 14C02 from 0L-1-14C-ornithine. Hepatic ODC activities were significantly stimulated by ethanol (7.5 g/kg body weight) beginning at 1 hr and reaching a peak at 4 hr (more than a 16-fold increase over zero time controls). Single feedings of varying doses of ethanol (2.5, 5.0, or 7.5 g/kg body weight) to overnight-fasted rats 3 hr before sacrifice also exhibited significant increases (3 to 13-fold) in the hepatic ODC activities. In vitro 14C-leucir>e incorporation into protein using hepatic microsomes of ethanol-treated rats was decreased in comparison with that of controls. The ethanoMnduced stimulation of hepatic ODC activity was not abolished by pretreatment with pyrazoie, an inhibitor of ethanol metabolism. However, the stimulation of hepatic ODC activity by ethanol was suppressed by actinomycin D or cycloheximide, indicating that the enhancement is attributable to the synthesis of new enzyme protein. Furthermore, abolition of the stimulation of hepatic ODC activity due to ethanol by prior adrenalectomy suggests that the induced increase is probably mediated through stimulation of adrenal hormones. These studies demonstrate that a single dose of ethanol per os can significantly enhance in the rat the activity of hepatic ODC, a key enzyyme in the biosynthesis of polyamines, and that the effect is indirect, via adrenal hormones.
339 SERUM CONCENTRATIONS OF 9-β-D-ARABINOFURANOSYL-HYPOXANTHINE IN INFANTS TREATED WITH VIDARABINE

339 SERUM CONCENTRATIONS OF 9-β-D-ARABINOFURANOSYL-HYPOXANTHINE IN INFANTS TREATED WITH VIDARABINE
Nasonendotracheal tube stabilization appliance.

The goal of endotracheal intubation during oral and maxillofacial surgery procedures is to provide safe and effective ventilatory support for the administration of the anesthetic gases. However, intraoperative movement of the endotracheal tube can be responsible for potentially serious complications. ’ Movement of the tube and cuff against the nasal, tracheal, laryngeal, or vocal cord mucosa during repositioning of the head may create trauma to tissue with resultant edema, laceration, ulceration, and possible extubation. Toung* has demonstrated that the tip of a secured endotracheal tube can move as much as 2.2 cm during flexion and extension of the neck. Movement can also cause separation of the endotracheal tube from the nasal connector beneath the head drape and pressure necrosis of the nasal tip or forehead skin (Figs. I, 2). Several innovative ideas and instruments’* have been designed to reduce the risk of these complica-
A League of Their Own: Do Single-Sex Schools Increase Girls’ Participation in the Physical Sciences?

With the rapid shifts in the education of women in the United States, and the underrepresentation of women in fields of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), an issue generating much controversy is whether women may benefit more from single-sex education or coeducation. The present study surveyed 548 U.S. high-school boys and girls from single-sex and coeducational high-schools from the Midwest. Half of the participants completed a mathematics test under stereotype threat (ST) condition and half under no threat condition. Although girls in single-sex schools had higher achievement motive and self-esteem than those in coeducational schools, they were not more likely to pursue STEM careers. Overall, students in single-sex schools outperformed students from coeducational schools on the math test. Girls’ math performance was significantly higher in the ST condition than in the no threat condition.
Multiwell CO2 Injectivity: Impact of Boundary Conditions and Brine Extraction on Geologic CO2 Storage Efficiency and Pressure Buildup

CO2 storage efficiency is a metric that expresses the portion of the pore space of a subsurface geologic formation that is available to store CO2. Estimates of storage efficiency for large-scale geologic CO2 storage depend on a variety of factors including geologic properties and operational design. These factors govern estimates on CO2 storage resources, the longevity of storage sites, and potential pressure buildup in storage reservoirs. This study employs numerical modeling to quantify CO2 injection well numbers, well spacing, and storage efficiency as a function of geologic formation properties, open-versus-closed boundary conditions, and injection with or without brine extraction. The set of modeling runs is important as it allows the comparison of controlling factors on CO2 storage efficiency. Brine extraction in closed domains can result in storage efficiencies that are similar to those of injection in open-boundary domains. Geomechanical constraints on downhole pressure at both injection and extra...
A Bidding Model of Perfect Competition

I demonstrate in this paper that price formation via the procedure of competitive bidding satisfies a version of the law of large numbers, in both the probabilistic sense and the economic sense. That is, if in a sealed-tender auction a seller offers to sell at the highest bid an item having a definite but unknown monetary value, and each of many bidders submits a bid based only on his private sample information about the value, where the bidders' samples are independent and identically distributed conditional on the value, then the maximum bid is almost surely equal to the true value. Thus, no bidder knows the true value of the item, yet it is essentially certain that the seller will receive that value as the sale price. Certain regularity assumptions are needed to prove this proposition. I present three examples, two for which the result is valid and another for which it is not.
Interfacial catalysis: the mechanism of phospholipase A2

A chemical description of the action of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) can now be inferred with confidence from three high-resolution x-ray crystal structures. The first is the structure of the PLA2 from the venom of the Chinese cobra (Naja naja atra) in a complex with a phosphonate transition-state analogue. This enzyme is typical of a large, well-studied homologous family of PLA2S. The second is a similar complex with the evolutionarily distant bee-venom PLA2. The third structure is the uninhibited PLA2 from Chinese cobra venom. Despite the different molecular architectures of the cobra and bee-venom PLA2s, the transition-state analogue interacts in a nearly identical way with the catalytic machinery of both enzymes. The disposition of the fatty-acid side chains suggests a common access route of the substrate from its position in the lipid aggregate to its productive interaction with the active site. Comparison of the cobra-venom complex with the uninhibited enzyme indicates that optimal binding and catalysis at the lipid-water interface is due to facilitated substrate diffusion from the interfacial binding surface to the catalytic site rather than an allosteric change in the enzyme9s structure. However, a second bound calcium ion changes its position upon the binding of the transition-state analogue, suggesting a mechanism for augmenting the critical electrophile.
The synthesis of alkaline phosphatase in Neurospora crassa

Mutations which affect the regulation of Neurospora repressible alkaline phosphatase do so by altering the rate of de novo alkaline phosphatase synthesis. In regulatory mutants the rate of alkaline phosphatase polypeptide synthesis can vary over a 1000-fold range. Following transfer to phosphate-free medium, the wild-type cell is capable of increasing the rate of synthesis of alkaline phosphatase molecules within 30–45 min.
Community College Culture and Faculty of Color

This investigation examines and explains the ways in which community college faculty of color construct their understandings of institutional culture. We investigate four community colleges in Cali...
Liposomes: A nanoscale drug carrying system to prevent indomethacin passage to the fetus in a pregnant mouse model

Objective Indomethacin (IND) is a prostaglandin production inhibitor that reduces uterine contractions, but crosses the placenta leading to adverse fetal effects. Liposomes (LIP) are nanoscale systems clinically used to preferentially deliver a drug to the tissue of interest and simultaneously prevent distribution to unwanted locations. Our objective was to determine whether LIP could prevent the transfer of IND across the placenta to the fetus while preserving its pharmacological activity. Study Design Multilamellar LIP were designed with a 150- to 200-nm size, fluorescently labeled, and loaded with IND. Timed pregnant CD1 mice (n = 6/group) on gestational day 18 were administered LIP, LIP-IND (1 mg IND/kg), or saline (SAL) via tail vein injection, or IND (1 mg/kg) via oral gavage. After 4 hours, the uterus, placenta, and fetuses were retrieved. LIP levels were visualized using fluorescent microscopy and quantitatively assessed by National Institutes of Health image processing software. LIP brightness values (mean ± SEM) in arbitrary units (AU) were normalized to the autofluorescence of the same tissue (as measured in SAL group). IND and prostaglandin E2 levels were assessed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Results The qualitative analysis of LIP distribution revealed that the system was primarily confined within the uterus, minimally detected within the placenta, and absent in the fetus. LIP fluorescence was greater in the uterus compared to placenta and fetus (uterus 15.3 ± 5.4 AU vs placenta 3.0 ± 3.5 AU vs fetus 4.4 ± 2.5 AU; P = .009). LIP-IND resulted in a 7.6-fold reduction in the IND levels in the fetus compared to IND alone (LIP-IND 10.7 ± 17.1 ng/g vs IND 81.3 ± 24.7 ng/g; P = .041). Prostaglandin E2 levels were significantly reduced in the uterus of animals given LIP-IND and IND compared to LIP and SAL. Conclusion LIP localized within the uterus and did not cross the placenta to the fetus. IND within the fetus was reduced 7.6-fold while encapsulated within the LIP and the pharmacologic effects of IND were maintained. Thus, LIP provide a novel therapeutic approach to correct the primary clinical limitation of IND by reducing placental passage to the fetus.
Transient absorption microscopy studies of energy relaxation in graphene oxide thin film

Spatial mapping of energy relaxation in graphene oxide (GO) thin films has been imaged using transient absorption microscopy (TAM). Correlated AFM images allow us to accurately determine the thickness of the GO films. In contrast to previous studies, correlated TAM–AFM allows determination of the effect of interactions of GO with the substrate and between stacked GO layers on the relaxation dynamics. Our results show that energy relaxation in GO flakes has little dependence on the substrate, number of stacked layers, and excitation intensity. This is in direct contrast to pristine graphene, where these factors have great consequences in energy relaxation. This suggests intrinsic factors rather than extrinsic ones dominate the excited state dynamics of GO films.
Discharge Patterns of Cerebellar Output Neurons in the Caudal Fastigial Nucleus during Head‐Free Gaze Shifts in Primates

Lesion studies in both human and non-human primates indicate that the cerebellum is important for accurate and stereotyped saccadic eye movements. Based on single-unit recordings and pharmacological inactivations in head-fixed monkeys, we suggested that the caudal fastigial nucleus (CFN) provides the brainstem saccade generator with a burst that helps accelerate contraversive saccades and decelerate ipsiversive ones. Here we examine this suggestion during head-free gaze shifts where there can be a 10-fold difference in saccade duration. First, the timing of the burst does not depend on whether the gaze shift has a head component. When a family of either ipsiversive or contraversive gaze shifts with a variety of saccadic durations is aligned on gaze onset, the high-frequency burst in the associated rasters occurs progressively later as saccade duration increases. Realignment of the same rasters with the end of the saccade reveals a tight timing of burst end with saccade end for all 10 CFN burst neurons studied. The delayed bursts for contraversive saccades were unexpected based on the early burst illustrated in the published head-fixed data. One hypothesis is that the late activity helps terminate contraversive as well as ipsiversive gaze shifts. An alternative explanation is that the late CFN burst could still be used as an excitatory drive to promote the late reacceleration or prolonged velocity plateau that is present during large gaze shifts.
EcEdWeb: Economic Education Web

EcEdWeb, online since 1995, provides support for economic education at all levels. Four of its nine sections-Data and Info, K-12 Teaching, College Teaching, and Web Teaching-provide economic education materials and links. The remaining five sections host Web sites for economics organizations, including the National Association of Economic Educators. The K-12 Teaching section has the majority of unique online material for teaching economics, including online lessons and descriptions of the economic concepts appropriate for various grade levels (Saunders and Gilliard 1995). The online or downloadable lessons cover all grade levels and are keyed to the Nebraska standards and the national standards. Additional useful material for building lessons is located in the "Virtual Economics Companion" to the Virtual Economics CD-ROM from the National Council on Economic Education. The K-12 Teaching section includes direct links to online lessons on other Web sites. Two resources are found both in the K-12 and the College Teaching section. The first is a full lesson on demand and supply for beginning economics students that concludes with an animated self-quiz on determinants and shifts. The second is a quiz of 15 questions included in a national economics test (Walstad 1997). Working online, teachers and students can compare their scores to national averages for adults, college seniors, and high school seniors. The Data and Info section is primarily annotated links to economics data and information categorized by area of teaching focus, such as Macro Data, International Data, and A Variety of Opinions about Economic Issues. The Web Teaching section has ideas, some fully developed, for using the Web to teach economics.
Charter Schools: A New Approach to Public Education.

What are charter schools? Why have they come to be? And what impact are they having on principals, teachers, students, and parents?
Reconceptualizing users as social actors in information systems research

A concept of the user is fundamental to much of the research and practice of information systems design, development, and evaluation. User-centered information studies have relied on individualistic cognitive models to carefully examine the criteria that influence the selection of information and communication technologies (ICTs) that people make. In many ways, these studies have improved our understanding of how a good information resource fits the people who use it. However, research approaches based on an individualistic user concept are limited. In this paper, we examine the theoretical constructs that shape this user concept and contrast these with alternative views that help to reconceptualize the user as a social actor. Despite pervasive ICT use, social actors are not primarily users of ICTs. Most people who use ICT applications utilize multiple applications, in various roles, and as part of their efforts to produce goods and services while interacting with a variety of other people, and often in multiple social contexts. Moreover, the socially thin user construct limits our understanding of information selection, manipulation, communication, and exchange within complex social contexts. Using analyses from a recent study of online information service use, we develop an institutionalist concept of a social actor whose everyday interactions are infused with ICT use. We then encourage a shift from the user concept to a concept of the social actor in IS research. We suggest that such a shift will sharpen perceptions of how organizational contexts shape ICT-related practices, and at the same time will help researchers more accurately portray the complex and multiple roles that people fulfill while adopting, adapting, and using information systems.
Trigeminal sensory neuropathy due to dural external carotid cavernous sinus fistula

We describe a woman who had isolated facial numbness that was caused by a spontaneous dural external carotid cavernous sinus fistula. The unusual syndrome mimicked trigeminal sensory neuropathy and was attributed to vascular compromise of the gasserian ganglion.
Use of immunosuppressive agents in the treatment of severe ocular and vascular manifestations of Cogan's syndrome

We describe the successful treatment of these severe manifestations of Cogan's syndrome with a combination of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents
Free-Molecule Flow and Convective-Radiative Energy Transport in a Tapered Tube or Conical Nozzle

An analysis is presented of the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of a highly rarefied gas passing through a tapered tube or conical nozzle. The rate of mass throughflow has been determined as a function of the pressures and temperatures of the system and of the tube dimensions. It is found that, at moderate and large angles of taper, the mass throughflow is affected little by increases in tube length, except for short tubes. At small taper angles, the mass throughflow is more sensitive to tube length. The energy transport analysis includes simultaneous convection and radiation. Numerical results have been found for the adiabatic wall temperature. It is found that, for surfaces that can be approximated realistically as diffuse emitters and reflectors of thermal radiation, the results differ little from those for pure radiation.
Asymptotic Approximations for Optimal Conformal Antennas

In earlier work, we have given constructive methods to compute the surface currents on a conformal antenna which is required to radiate a maximal amount of energy into a predetermined sector of the far field. More recently, the authors have used asymptotic methods to compute approximate optimal surface currents in the time harmonic two-dimensional electromagnetic case (the Helmholtz equation with impedance boundary condition), for the case of high frequency.
Induction of sialic acid 9-O-acetylation by diverse gene products: implications for the expression cloning of sialic acid O-acetyltransferases

Sialic acids can be modified by O-acetyl esters at the 7- and/or 9-position, altering recognition by antibodies, lectins and viruses. 9(7)-O-acetylation is mediated by a sialic acid-specific O-acetyltransferase, which has proven difficult to purify. Two groups have recently isolated cDNAs possibly encoding this enzyme, by expression cloning of human melanoma libraries in COS cells expressing the substrate ganglioside GD3. Pursuing a similar approach, we have isolated additional clones that can induce 9-O-acetylation. One clone present in a melanoma library encodes a fusion protein between a bacterial tetracycline resistance gene repressor and a sequence reported to be part of the P3 plasmid. Expression of the open reading frame is necessary for inducing 9-O-acetylation, indicating that this is not a reaction to the introduction of bacterial DNA. Another clone from a rat liver cDNA library induced 9-O-acetylation on COS cells expressing alpha2-6-linked sialic acids, and encodes an open reading frame identical to the Vitamin D binding protein. However, truncation at the 5' end eliminates the amino-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence, predicting cytosolic hyperexpression of a truncated protein. Thus, diverse types of cDNAs can indirectly induce sialic acid 9-O-acetylation in the COS cell system, raising the possibility that the real enzyme may be composed of multiple subunits which would not be amenable to expression cloning. Importantly, the cDNAs we isolated are highly specific in their ability to induce 9-O-acetylation either on alpha2-6-linked sialic acids of glycoproteins (truncated vitamin D binding protein) or on the alpha2-8-linked sialic acids of gangliosides (Tetrfusion protein). These data confirm our prior suggestion that a family of O-acetyltransferases with distinctive substrate specificities exists in mammalian systems.
Robust self-assembly of interconnects by parallel DNA growth

Self-assembly has been employed in nano-technology to build crystals using individual components (commonly referred to as tiles) with limited control. Templates of regular lattice structures for two-dimensional scaffolds and interconnects have been implemented by self-assembly. This paper proposes a diagonally-based growth scheme that is applicable to these templates. Differently from previous techniques (mostly sequential in execution), growth is allowed along two different directions in the aggregate, thus permitting a parallel mode of operation. This is made possible by initially utilizing a tile set and binding scheme to allow multiple seed tiles to grow along the main diagonal of the pattern. The conditions by which this type of new growth is possible at a reduced error occurrence in mismatched tiles, are presented; error tolerance is achieved by employing robust generation of the seed and diagonal tiles. Simulation results are presented using Xgrow [10].
Sustainable process design and synthesis of hydrocarbon biorefinery through fast pyrolysis and hydroprocessing

The process design and synthesis of hydrocarbon biorefinery, which is composed of fast pyrolysis, biocrude collection, hydroprocessing and hydrogen production sections, under economic and environmental considerations are concerned. A superstructure is developed that includes multiple process alternatives in each stage of the process flow diagram. A bi-criteria mixed integer nonlinear programming model is proposed to maximize the economic performance measured by the net present value and minimize the global warming potential according to life cycle assessment procedures. The bi-criteria mixed integer nonlinear programming model is solved with the e-constraint method, and the resulting Pareto curve reveals the trade-off between the economic and environmental performance of the process. The two selected “good choice” optimal designs indicate net present values of 573 and 93.6 $MM (unit costs of $3.43 and $5.26 per gallon of gasoline equivalent), corresponding to global warming potentials of 100 and 53 kton CO2 equivalent per year (unit greenhouse emissions of 1.95 and 2.04 kg CO2 per gallon of gasoline equivalent), respectively. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 980–994, 2014
Is sex an independent prognostic factor in cutaneous head and neck melanoma

Objectives/Hypothesis To determine if sex independently affects disease-specific survival (DSS) in patients with cutaneous head and neck melanoma. Study Design Retrospective analysis of a large population database. Methods Our study included patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database with cutaneous head and neck melanoma diagnosed from 2004 to 2009. Any cases with a history of previous malignancy or with multiple primaries were excluded. We obtained data on stage, race, age at diagnosis, radiological treatment status, and surgical treatment status. Our analysis consisted of a Kaplan-Meier analysis of DSS by sex [correction made here after initial online publication] that was supported by a multivariate Cox regression of all significant variables studied. Results There were 13,507 patients identified with cutaneous head and neck melanoma who were diagnosed between 2004 and 2009. We observed that female patients had a better prognosis than their male counterparts, with 5-year DSS of 90.40% (95% confidence interval [CI], 89.03%-91.72%) and 87.10% (95% CI, 86.12%-88.08%), respectively. Multivariable analysis demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in disease-specific hazard ratio due to female sex independent of stage, treatment, age, or race. Conclusions Our study concludes that female sex is an independent prognostic factor for cutaneous head and neck melanoma. We demonstrated better 5-year DSS in female compared to male patients. Better prognosis could be due to multiple factors including differing hair, levels of sun exposure, and advanced male age. Level of Evidence 2b Laryngoscope, 124:1363–1367, 2014
Sphenoid sinus: an anatomic and endoscopic study in Asian cadavers.

An anatomic and endoscopic study of 48 cadaveric heads (96 sphenoid sinuses) was undertaken to describe the anatomy of the sphenoid sinus in Asians. Sellar type of sphenoid sinus is the most common, present in 53 out of 96 sides (55%). Forty-five of the 48 heads had a dominant sphenoid cavity, of which 11 contained vital structures from both sides of the sphenoid sinus. The incidence of accessory septae, carotid artery, optic nerve, maxillary nerve, and vidian nerve bulges were 70.8%, 67.7%, 69.8%, 61.5%, and 64.6%, respectively. There is a significantly higher number of overriding ethmoid sinuses in Asian cadavers (46/96 sides) compared to western studies (P < 0.0005). Seven (15%) of these 46 sides were also Onodi positive. The rest of the overriding ethmoid cells were Onodi negative. Surgeons should be aware of the significantly higher number of overriding posterior ethmoid cells in Asian populations during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). The optic nerve is at risk during FESS surgery if the sphenoid sinus is sought behind the deepest point of these posterior ethmoid cells. These overriding posterior ethmoid cells may also confuse the unwary surgeon that he has entered the sphenoid sinus where in fact he is still operating in the posterior ethmoid cells. Clin. Anat. 20:745–750, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Looking through a keyhole: serrated neoplasia in the vermiform appendix.

Appendectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures in the United States, usually performed on an emergency basis for signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis or incidentally during surgery for other conditions, with a minor subset of patients having a mass lesion of the appendix. Nevertheless, because the appendix is currently inaccessible by endoscopy, we have minimal information regarding the biologic potential and evolution of mucosal alterations in the appendix, except by inference. Other lumina in the gastrointestinal tract can be scrutinized with increasing sensitivity using white-light endoscopy or advanced endoscopic methods, including magnification endoscopy, chromoendoscopy, and other techniques, allowing lesions of interest to be biopsied and followed up. In contrast, the cellular events in the appendix of a given patient remain invisible until there is trouble. As a result, our knowledge of the biologic potential of epithelial alterations in this organ is akin to peering through a keyhole. Advances in knowledge have been made by painstaking reviews of series of patients with careful clinical follow-up in an attempt to develop a longitudinal understanding that would permit us to make sense of the changes we see at the microscope. Contributing to the challenges is the relatively limited sampling that is standard in most institutions. The majority of published guidelines for histologic sampling recommend including a longitudinal section or cross-section of the appendiceal tip and 2 additional cross-sections, ideally of the middle portion and from the proximal margin of resection. Few institutions routinely sample the entire resected appendix, except when neoplasms are detected on examination of initial sections. Located shortly beyond the ileocecal valve with its orifice opening into the cecum, the vermiform appendix is lined by mucosa histologically similar to colonic mucosa, lacking the villous architecture of the small intestine. Therefore, pathologists have traditionally chosen to apply terms used …
Unilateral Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Tonsil Cancer

Purpose To assess, through a retrospective review, clinical outcomes of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil treated at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center with unilateral radiotherapy techniques that irradiate the involved tonsil region and ipsilateral neck only. Methods and Materials Of 901 patients with newly diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil treated with radiotherapy at our institution, we identified 102 that were treated using unilateral radiotherapy techniques. All patients had their primary site of disease restricted to the tonsillar fossa or anterior pillar, with n = 17 patients), T1 ( n = 52), or T2 ( n = 33) disease, with Nx ( n = 3), N0 ( n = 33), N1 ( n = 23), N2a ( n = 21), or N2b ( n = 22) neck disease. Results Sixty-one patients (60%) underwent diagnostic tonsillectomy before radiotherapy. Twenty-seven patients (26%) underwent excision of a cervical lymph node or neck dissection before radiotherapy. Median follow-up for surviving patients was 38 months. Locoregional control at the primary site and ipsilateral neck was 100%. Two patients experienced contralateral nodal recurrence (2%). The 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 95% and 96%, respectively. The 5-year freedom from contralateral nodal recurrence rate was 96%. Nine patients required feeding tubes during therapy. Of the 2 patients with contralateral recurrence, 1 experienced an isolated neck recurrence and was salvaged with contralateral neck dissection only and remains alive and free of disease. The other patient presented with a contralateral base of tongue tumor and involved cervical lymph node, which may have represented a second primary tumor, and died of disease. Conclusions Unilateral radiotherapy for patients with TX–T2, N0–N2b primary tonsil carcinoma results in high rates of disease control, with low rates of contralateral nodal failure and a low incidence of acute toxicity requiring gastrostomy.
Lidocaine and prilocaine toxicity in a patient receiving treatment for mollusca contagiosa

We describe a 3-year-old child with mollusca contagiosa whose caregiver applied a eutectic mixture of 5% lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA) in excessive amounts with the subsequent development of adverse reactions, including methemoglobinemia and hypoxemia. Because of the significant systemic absorption of lidocaine and prilocaine, the patient required overnight admission to the pediatric intensive care unit for close monitoring. A brief description of the proper dosing, pharmacokenetics, and possible side effects of EMLA cream are reviewed. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:399-400.)
Initial results for combined orchiectomy and prosthesis exchange for unsalvageable testicular torsion in adolescents: Description of intravaginal prosthesis placement at orchiectomy

Purpose: Historically the placement of testicular prosthesis during orchiectomy for torsion is delayed despite reports of safe prosthesis placement during mastectomy and orchiectomy for cancer as well as the removal of infected penile prostheses. We describe our experience with intravaginal testicular prosthesis at orchiectomy in adolescents with torsion.Materials and Methods: Consecutive pubertal patients undergoing exploration for torsion from 2010 to 2011 were offered orchiectomy with staged prosthesis or combined orchiectomy and prosthesis exchange for nonsalvageable testis. Through a midline scrotal incision the ipsilateral tunica vaginalis was opened, testis detorsed and contralateral orchiopexy performed. When verified as unviable, the ipsilateral spermatic cord was suture ligated within the tunica vaginalis and preplaced sutures secured the saline filled prosthesis in the tunica vaginalis. Patients were discharged home on the day of surgery with 5 days of oral antibiotics and narcotics. Demographi...
Receptor mediation of exaggerated responses to serotonin-enhancing drugs in serotonin transporter (SERT)-deficient mice.

Administration of serotonin-enhancing drugs induces a distinctive behavioral syndrome in rodents. We previously reported that mice with a targeted disruption of the serotonin transporter (SERT) display some of these behaviors spontaneously, in the absence of drug. In the current studies, we assessed the drug-induced serotonin syndrome in SERT wildtype (þ/þ), heterozygous (þ/� ) and knockout (� /� ) mice. In SERT � /� mice, the monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) tranylcypromine (1 mg/kg) or the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5-HTP; 80 mg/kg) led to markedly exaggerated serotonin syndrome behaviors relative to SERT þ/þ mice, with an intermediate phenotype in SERT þ/� mice. SERT þ/þ mice developed significant serotonin syndrome behaviors only with the combination of the MAO-A/B inhibitor tranylcypromine (0.5 or 1 mg/kg) or the MAO-A-selective inhibitor clorgyline (1.2 mg/kg) plus 5-HTP. In evaluations of underlying mechanisms, pretreatment with the Htr1a receptor antagonist WAY 100635 (1 mg/kg), but not the Htr7 antagonist SB 269970 (3 mg/kg) or the Htr2a antagonist MDL 11,939 (5 mg/kg), markedly decreased the exaggerated 5-HTP-induced behaviors in SERT � /� mice. Subsequent experiments showed that the Htr1a agonist 8-OH-DPAT (1 or 2 mg/kg) elicited serotonin syndrome behaviors in a dose-dependent manner, blocked by WAY 100635 (1 mg/kg), in mice of all three genotypes, confirming the role of Htr1a receptors. The current data document markedly enhanced behavioral sensitivity to serotonin-enhancing drugs in SERT-deficient mice. These studies also show that the exaggerated behavioral responses observed in SERT þ/� and � /� mice are mediated by postsynaptic Htr1a receptors, and suggest intact postsynaptic Htr1a function in SERT � /� mice. 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Development of an in vitro three dimensional loading-measurement system for long bone fixation under multiple loading conditions: a technical description

The purpose of this investigation was to design and verify the capabilities of an in vitro loading-measurement system that mimics in vivo unconstrained three dimensional (3D) relative motion between long bone ends, applies uniform load components over the entire length of a test specimen, and measures 3D relative motion between test segment ends to directly determine test segment construct stiffness free of errors due to potting-fixture-test machine finite stiffness. Intact equine cadaveric radius bones, which were subsequently osteotomized/ostectomized and instrumented with bone plates were subjected to non-destructive axial, torsion, and 4-point bending loads through fixtures designed to allow unconstrained components of non-load associated 3D relative motion between radius ends. 3D relative motion between ends of a 50 mm long test segment was measured by an infrared optical tracking system to directly determine its stiffness. Each specimen was then loaded to ultimate failure in either torsion or bending. Cortical bone cross-section diameters and published bone biomechanical properties were substituted into classical mechanics equations to predict the intact test segment theoretical stiffness for comparison and thus loading-measurement system verification. Intact measured stiffness values were the same order of magnitude as theoretically predicted. The primary component of relative motion between ends of the test segment corresponded to that of the applied load with the other 3D components being evident and consistent in relative magnitude and direction for unconstrained loading of an unsymmetrical double plate oblique fracture configuration. Bone failure configurations were reproducible and consistent with theoretically predicted. The 3D loading-measurement system designed: a) mimics unconstrained relative 3D motion between radius ends that occurs in clinical situations, b) applies uniform compression, torsion, and 4-point bending loads over the entire length of the test specimen, c) measures interfragmentary 3D relative motion between test segment ends to directly determine stiffness thus being void of potting-fixture-test machine stiffness error, and d) has the resolution to detect differences in the 3D motion and stiffness of intact as well osteotomized-instrumented and ostectomized-instrumented equine radii.
The Convergence of New Technology With the Delivery of Health Care Services

Sometimes the most exciting developments don’t make the big headlines. In early October 2012, at nearly the same time that the first presidential debate shook up the talking heads covering our national election and the tragic outcomes of errors made by one Massachusetts compounding pharmacy were becoming apparent to all, I spotted a story that received much less media attention but that was thrilling to me. The story was about the launch of the country’s fastest genomic supercomputing platform. What made the news so reaffirming to me was not the fact that a new platform existed but that its purpose was to bring “genomic medicine into clinical practice by placing supercomputers in the hands of physicians at the point of care.”
The relationship between young children's academic achievement and measures of intelligence

To test the construct validity of brief measures of intelligence and explore how well these instruments relate to academic performance, the WPPSI-R, the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Scale (K-BIT), Draw-A-Person: Quantitative Scoring System (DAP:QSS), and the K-ABC Achievement Scale were administered to 50 kindergarten and first-grade children. Results indicated that all measures provide similar scores, all in the average range. All brief measures related significantly to academic achievement. Implications of the findings are discussed, and a battery for screening young children is offered.
A Fast Robust Chinese Remainder Theorem Based Phase Unwrapping Algorithm

A robust phase unwrapping based on the Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) has been proposed lately, and it has applications in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging for moving targets. It also leads to a type of robust CRT. This algorithm requires a two-dimensional searching. In this letter, we propose a new and fast algorithm that only does one-dimensional searching and therefore reduces the complexity significantly.
Leukocyte Count, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, and Diabetes Incidence in a National Sample of US Adults

Emerging data suggest that inflammation may play a role in the etiology of diabetes mellitus. Because few prospective studies have addressed this issue, the author examined the relation between leukocyte count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate and diabetes incidence using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (from 1971-1975 to 1992-1993). Of 8,352 participants included in the analysis, 878 developed incident diabetes during the approximately 20-year follow-up. After adjustment for age, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol concentration, use of antihypertensive medication, recreational exercise, nonrecreational activity, alcohol use, and body mass index, the hazard ratios from proportional hazards for participants with a leukocyte count of ≥9.1 x 109/liter compared with participants with a leukocyte count of < 5.7 x 109/liter were 1.33 (95% confidence interval (Cl): 0.81, 2.19) for men and 1.68 (95% Cl: 1.21, 2.34) for women. The adjusted hazard ratios for participants with an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of ≥26 mm/hour compared with participants with an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of ≤ 5 mm/hour were 1.85 (95% CI: 0.97, 3.54) for men and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.47, 1.44) for women. These results provide limited support to the hypothesis that inflammation is an etiologic factor for diabetes.
An Effect of Landmarks on Territory Shape in a Convict Cichlid

We determine size, shape and location for a territory that is optimal in the sense of minimizing defense costs, when a given proportion of the boundary is landmarked and its primary benefit in terms of fitness is greater ease of detecting intruders across it. Increasing the landmarked proportion of boundary causes the optimal configuration to be smaller and more elongated, and to be located with its center further from the nest, so that the nest is closer to the landmarked boundary. These predictions accord with observations in a recent study of the convict cichlid Amatitlania siquia. Our results thus confirm the consistency of the observed behavior with the hypothesis that A. siquia designs its territory to make intruders easier to spot. Our results also lead us to conjecture that moving the landmark proportionately closer to or further away from the nest would have yielded essentially the same outcome in this study, because the optimal configuration depends only on the angle subtended by the landmark at the nest and hence only on the length of the landmark relative to its distance from the nest, as opposed to its absolute value.