cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-consistent models for the X-ray emission from supernova remnants: an application to Kepler's remnant

A tool for exploring the evolution of X-ray emission from young SNRs is presented which employs a novel approach to the problem of time-dependent ionization in a shock-heated plasma. The solution of this problem is coupled to a spherically symmetric hydrodynamic calculation for the evolution of a point explosion in a uniform medium. The method is applied to Kepler's SNR, and two narrowly constrained classes of models which can simultaneously fit the spectral and morphological features of the object are found. One of these is a Sedov model in which the emission arises from shocked ambient gas, and the other is a reverse-shock model in which the SN ejecta is the dominant source of radiation. The emission from one specific model in each class is compared with the radial surface brightness profile, the 0.2-4.5 keV broadband spectrum, and the 1-3 keV moderate-resolution spectrum of the remnant. Reasonable fits are obtained in both cases.
Inhibition, Restoration and Enhancement of Proteolytic Action by Polylysine and Polyglutamic Acid

POLYELECTROLYTES of high molecular weight have been shown to inhibit a variety of enzymes in what Spensley and Rogers1 have called macroanionic and macrocationic inhibition. This phenomenon is probably due to an interaction of the polyelectrolytes with the enzyme or the enzyme-substrate complex. The inhibition of pepsin by the polypeptide polyelectrolyte poly-L-lysine has been reported by Katchalski, Berger and Neumann2. Polylysine has been shown to combine reversibly with albumin to form insoluble complexes which dissolve in the presence of excess of either component3. We have also studied the inhibition of the proteolytic action of pepsin by the macrocation, poly-L-lysine, and the reversal of this inhibition by excess polylysine, and the inhibition of trypsin by the macroanion, polyglutamic acid, as well as the restoration and enhancement of trypsin action by excess polyglutamic acid.
Excursion of the Rotator Cuff Under the Acromion Patterns of Subacromial Contact

Nine fresh-frozen, human cadaveric shoulders were elevated in the scapular plane in two different humeral rotations by applying forces along action lines of rotator cuff and deltoid muscles. Stereophotogrammetry determined possible regions of subacromial contact using a proximity criterion; radiographs measured acromiohumeral interval and position of greater tuberosity. Contact starts at the anterolateral edge of the acromion at 0 degrees of elevation; it shifts medially with arm elevation. On the humeral surface, contact shifts from proximal to distal on the supraspinatus tendon with arm elevation. When external rotation is decreased, distal and posterior shift in contact is noted. Acromial undersurface and rotator cuff tendons are in closest proximity between 60 degrees and 120 degrees of elevation; contact was consistently more pronounced for Type III acromions. Mean acromiohumeral interval was 11.1 mm at 0 degrees of elevation and decreased to 5.7 mm at 90 degrees, when greater tuberosity was closest to the acromion. Radiographs show bone-to-bone relationship; stereophotogrammetry assesses contact on soft tissues of the subacromial space. Contact centers on the supraspinatus insertion, suggesting altered excursion of the greater tuberosity may initially damage this rotator cuff region. Conditions limiting external rotation or elevation may also increase rotator cuff compression. Marked increase in contact with Type III acromions supports the role of anterior acromioplasty when clinically indicated, usually in older patients with primary impingement.
Scrotal pain: Evaluation and management

Scrotal pain is a common complaint in a urological practice. Its diagnosis can prove challenging in both acute and chronic forms and requires a thorough and complete history and physical examination. This article discusses the evaluation and management of several entities of scrotal pain, including testicular torsion, epididymitis, postvasectomy pain, varicocele, and chronic orchialgia.
Minimizing Effects of Low Literacy on Medication Knowledge and Compliance among the Elderly

Medication knowledge and compliance among the elderly was examined using a color-coded method, which was designed to tailor the medication regimen to the person's daily schedule. Data were collected from 80 elderly, predominantly indigent, and individuals of low literacy. Group 1 of the study received verbal teaching only, whereas Group 2 received verbal teaching and a color-coded medication schedule. Knowledge increased significantly among both groups. Compliance to the medication schedule increased in Group 2, among those subjects whose pretest compliance scores were low. These results suggest that a method that considers the characteristics of the individual can significantly increase knowledge and compliance.
Higher Mathematical Education in the People's Republic of China

(1979). Higher Mathematical Education in the People's Republic of China. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 86, No. 6, pp. 440-447.
Factors Affecting the Operating Characteristic of the Zetatron: A Small Neutron Generator for Borehole Logging

The Zetatron is a small deuterium-tritium accelerator which uses a reflex discharge ion source and approximately 130 kV acceleration from a pulse transformer. The dominantly D(T,n) He reaction takes place in an occluder target consisting of a Scandium deuterotritide film deposited on a molybdenum slug. The instantaneous energy deposition rates at the target, the species present in the beam, and the beam profile determine target life and neutron output characteristics. The target temperatures are calculated for a single pulse and compared to measurements of the thermal profile on a specifically-prepared, thin-target substrate. Target images are shown which illustrate the beam imaging process. The beam is found to consist of an intense spot 2-4 nim in diameter surrounded by a halo approximately the size of the target. The implications of such a beam profile are discussed. Computer codes are used to model the beam and to describe the parts of the tube that control the beam characteristics.
Enhancement of the potentiation of radiotherapy by platinum drugs in a mouse tumor

This study examines two ways to enhance cisplatin-mediated potentiation of the radiotherapy of a mouse mammary tumor, MTG-B: a) the appropriate sequencing of the two modalities, and b) the use of platinum "rescue" at appropriate times relative to injection of cisplatin to ameliorate platinum toxicity and permit the use of larger concentrations of cisplatin. Reduced TCD50 values and potentiated tumor regression resulted when cisplatin preceded irradiation by 1 hr compared to injection of cisplatin post-irradiation. Cisplatin "rescue" was demonstrated by DDTC, WR-2721 and 5-TG, and enhanced effects on the inhibition of tumor growth resulted when 20 mg/kg cisplatin and 730 mg/kg DDTC were combined with radiotherapy.
Improved DPCM algorithm for image-data compression

A new algorithm for designing DPCM systems is proposed for image data compression. When transmitting images over noiseless channels, the distortion between the original and reconstructed images is primarily due to quantization noise. This is true when optimal predictor structures are employed. The quantization error becomes severe at low bit rates. This is due to the large quantization error being directly fed back into the predictor and used in subsequent estimation of future pixels. The DPCM scheme developed attempts to balance between non-optimal predictor designs and significantly reduced feedback effects due to quantization errors with the objective of maximizing reconstructed image quality. DPCM system performance using the algorithm is about 2.5 dB greater than that obtained from an optimally designed conventional system. In addition, the algorithm is robust. Thus, the DPCM predictor does not need to be re-designed using exact statistics of the input image data for each image to be transmitted.
Biomimetic Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide Utilizing the R5 Peptide Derived from Cylindrotheca fusiformis

Current approaches to the synthesis of metal oxides generally require harsh conditions. In contrast, many biological processes can produce intricate metal oxide nanostructures under ambient conditions. For example, the diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformis forms reproducible nanostructures from silicic acid using species specific peptides known as silaffins. Herein, we report that the R5 peptide a bioinspired analogue derived from the NatSil protein in C. fusiformis can form titanium dioxide (TiO2) in a concentration dependent manner from the non-natural substrate, titanium bis(ammonium lactato)dihydroxide. Additionally, the polypeptide poly(l-lysine) acts as a template for the biomimetic synthesis of TiO2. Subsequently, the nanoparticles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and IR spectroscopy. A variable temperature X-ray diffraction study of the titanium dioxide phase transition from anatase to rutile was conducted. A delay in transition temperature was...
Synthesis of poly(γ‐methoxypropylmethylsilylene) and poly(γ‐methoxypropylmethylsilylene‐co‐di‐n‐hexylsilylene)

The synthesis of γ;-methoxypropylmethyldichlorosilane, and its subsequent polymerization and copolymerization with di;-n;-hexyldichlorosilane through the reductive coupling with sodium has been accomplished. The resulting polymers contain methyl ether side groups that allow further synthetic transformations on the polysilane backbone. For poly (γ;-methoxypropylmethylsilylene) these groups impart solubility characteristics different than typical alkyl and aryl substituted polysilanes. These new polymers and copolymers have been characterized by GPC and 1H-, 13C-, and 29Si-NMR. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A pathway analysis applied to Genetic Analysis Workshop 16 genome-wide rheumatoid arthritis data

The identification of several hundred genomic regions affecting disease risk has proven the ability of genome-wide association studies have proven their ability to identify genetic contributors to disease. Currently, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association analysis is the most widely used method of genome-wide association data, but recent research shows that multi-marker tests of association may provide greater power, especially when more than one mutation is present within a gene and the mutations are in low linkage disequilibrium with each other. Here we use a multi-marker association test based on regression to SNPs located within known genes to obtain a gene-level score of association. We then perform pathway analysis using this score as a measure of gene importance. We use two tests of pathway enrichment - a binomial test and a random set method. By utilizing publicly available gene and pathway information, we identify B cell, cytokine and inflammation response, and antigen presentation pathways as being associated with rheumatoid arthritis. These results confirm known biological mechanisms for auto-immunity disorders, of which rheumatoid arthritis is one.
Failure of the hinge mechanism of a trispherical total wrist arthroplasty : A case report and review of the literature

We report a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who developed late catastrophic failure of the hinge mechanism of her trispherical total wrist arthroplasty. This was associated with synovitis secondary to wear debris from Titanium, cement, and polyethylene which produced exuberant flexor and extensor tendon synovitis and median nerve compression.
Effects of librium and shock controllability upon nociception and contextual fear

Abstract Controllable shock is known to exert less deleterious effects than does the equivalent exposure to inescapable shock. Recent findings have encouraged speculation that some of these effects may result from differences in the severity of fear produced by the shock experiences. In particular, mediation by gamma-aminobutyric acid has been implicated. In the present experiment, we examined the possibility that chlordizenoxide (CDP) would attenuate the impact of shock in a manner similar to that of providing control over shock. As shown by others, CDP administered prior to shock treatment blocked the long-term analgesic response, as did the provision of control during shock. Furthermore, whereas animals given controllable shock subsequently exhibited less fear of the shock context than did yoked animals, CDP treatment prior to uncontrollable shock did not appreciably reduce the contextual fear subsequently shown. These results suggest that under some conditions, controllability attenuates the impact of stress by mechanisms other than those shared by benzodiazepine treatment.
Quickly Assessing Contributions to Input Uncertainty

“Input uncertainty” refers to the (often unmeasured) variability in simulation-based performance estimators that is a consequence of driving the simulation with input models (e.g., fully specified univariate distributions of i.i.d. inputs) that are based on real-world data. In 2012 Ankenman and Nelson presented a quick-and-easy diagnostic experiment to assess the overall effect of input uncertainty on simulation output. When their method reveals that input uncertainty is substantial, then the natural next questions are which input distributions contribute the most to input uncertainty, and from which input distributions would it be most beneficial to collect more data? They proposed a possibly lengthy sequence of additional diagnostic experiments to answer these questions. In this paper we provide a method that obtains an estimator of the overall variance due to input uncertainty, the relative contribution to this variance of each input distribution, and a measure of the sensitivity of overall uncertainty...
Soybean growth responses and intraspecific competition from simulated seedcorn maggot injury

The reproductive and competitive responses of plants to early season stresses are not well known. In field experiments from 1983 to 1986 we examined these effects for one system; simulated seedcorn maggot (SCM), Delia platura (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) injury to soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. Injury included different plant densities (simulating stand reductions) and different ratios of plumule-injured to uninjured plants (simulating different levels of plumule destruction). Our objectives were to describe (i) how simulated SCM injury affected total yield, yield components, and intraspecific competition between injured and uninjured plants, and (ii) to determine the value of the replacement series experimental design for examining intraspecific competition from injury (...)
Simplified shell-model calculations of alpha decay rate near Pb208

Abstract Simplified formulas approximating the shell-model theoretical results of Mang and of Harada are derived and tested. Numerical calculations of alpha reduced widths from ground and excited states of Po 212 are made using wave functions of Band, Sliv and Kharitonov. The calculated reduced widths for decay from Po 212 excited states are lower than the width from ground state by factors ranging from 4 to 7 except that the second excited 2 + state shows a very small width. The usual analyses of long-range alpha intensities to derive excited state lifetimes must be modified, making the lifetime estimates longer by the appropriate hindrance factor.
Direct calculation of relative fishery and survey selectivities

Abstract With large sample sizes, the ratios of the selectivities of two fisheries or surveys at each age or length can be calculated directly (i.e. outside the assessment model) from the age or length compositions of the catches by use of a deterministic equation. These calculated values can serve as a qualitative check on relative selectivity estimates from a model fit.
The value of contrast arthrography in assessing loosening of symptomatic uncemented total hip components

Twenty-five patients with symptomatic uncemented total hip components were studied with contrast arthrography prior to surgical exploration. All but one had uncemented femoral stems and 16 had an uncemented acetabular component. As judged by the findings at surgery, on the femoral side the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of arthrography were 57%, 60%, and 58% respectively. There was a relatively high incidence of both false positives (17%) and false negatives (25%). On the acetabular side sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 29%, 89%, and 62.5%. False negatives were common (31%), while there was only one false positive. The results in this small series show that arthrography has distinct limitations in identifying the fixation status of uncemented total hip components.
A Smoothened-Evc2 Complex Transduces the Hedgehog Signal at Primary Cilia

Vertebrate Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is initiated at primary cilia by the ligand-triggered accumulation of Smoothened (Smo) in the ciliary membrane. The underlying biochemical mechanisms remain unknown. We find that Hh agonists promote the association between Smo and Evc2, a ciliary protein that is defective in two human ciliopathies. The formation of the Smo-Evc2 complex is under strict spatial control, being restricted to a distinct ciliary compartment, the EvC zone. Mutant Evc2 proteins that localize in cilia but are displaced from the EvC zone are dominant inhibitors of Hh signaling. Disabling Evc2 function blocks Hh signaling at a specific step between Smo and the downstream regulators protein kinase A and Suppressor of Fused, preventing activation of the Gli transcription factors. Our data suggest that the Smo-Evc2 signaling complex at the EvC zone is required for Hh signal transmission and elucidate the molecular basis of two human ciliopathies.
THE SUBJECTIVITY OF EFFECTIVE HISTORY AND THE SUPPRESSED HUSSERLIAN ELEMENTS IN GADAMER'S PHILOSOPHICAL HERMENEUTICS

This essay makes two claims. The first, exegetical, point shows that there are Husserlian elements in Gadamer's hermeneutics that are usually overlooked. The second, systematic, claim takes issue with the fact that Gadamer saw himself in alliance with the project of the later Heidegger. It would have been more fruitful had Gadamer aligned himself with Husserl and the Enlightenment tradition. Following Heidegger in his concept of "effective history," Gadamer risks betraying the main tenets of the Enlightenment by shifting the weight from subjectivity to effective history as the "agent" in history. This is not a wholesale dismissal of Gadamer's project, however. The problem in Gadamer's effective history can be remedied by insisting, with Husserl, on the subjective character of effective history. Gadamer was right to criticize Husserl's idea of a transcendental genesis, but went too far in giving up the idea of human subjectivity as the ageni in history.
Nosocomial Pertussis: A Failure of Erythromycin Treatment and Prophylaxis

A variety of antimicrobial agents have been used to treat children with pertussis to decrease the excretion ofBordetella pertussisand we hope prevent transmission of the infection to other children.1-5Erythromycin is considered the drug of choice for Bpertussisinfections by the American See also p 520. Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Disease because of its low toxicity and superior efficacy in eradicating this organism from the nasopharynx when compared with other antimicrobial agents.3-7 We report the failure of seven days of erythromycin therapy to eradicate Bpertussisfrom the pharynx of an infant. A second infant who was exposed to this child also contracted pertussis in spite of prophylactic use of erythromycin. Bacteriologic Methods.—Nasal washing specimens were cultured and examined by direct fluorescent antibody (FA) techniques. Fresh control slides were prepared for each FA examination using stock Bpertussisand Bparapertussiscultures.
SEPARATION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE FRACTIONS FROM SHEEP PITUITARY GLANDS BY USE OF ION EXCHANGE RESINS

The effect of pH on the adsorption of LH and FSH from an aqueous extract of sheep pituitary glands by anion exchange resin XE-59 was studied and it was found that LH is selectively a sorbed at pH 8.5 and 9.0. Assays of these fractions at a dose of 0.5 gm. eq. in intact immatureand hypophysectomized male rats produced ventral prostate weights approximately two and fourfold greater than control values. The FSH contamination in these fractions was low as shown by administration of high doses to intact and hypophysectomized female rats. The LH fractions obtained with anion exchange resin XE-59 were further purified by fractionation on columns of cation exchange resin XE-97. The LH was eluted from the columns in two peaks, the first containing the major part of the activity whereas the second contained only a minor part.The fractions comprising the major peak of activity were combined and assayed in hypophysectomized male rats. The ventral prostates were increased threefold. A similar response was observed wit...
MR angiography using velocity‐selective preparation pulses and segmented gradient‐echo acquisition

We describe a cardiac-gated MR angiographic imaging method that employs velocity-selective preparation (VSP) pulses in conjunction with segmented gradient-echo acquisitioin and subtraction to produce images that, ideally, contain no signal from stationary tissues and display vessels with a signal intensity that is dependent on the velocity of the blood in the vessels. The novel features of this method are a) it acquires several phase-encoding valueslapplication of a single VSP pulse, b) it uses subtraction to eliminate signal that is not sufficiently suppressed by the VSP pulses, and c) it uses VSP pulses that are synchronized with the cardiac cycle so it can be used to produce ghost-free images of pulsatile blood. An advantage of this sequence is that it detects a signal that, after preparation, is relatively unaffected by changes in blood velocity. This leads to a large signal-to-noise ratio for all the phase-encoding values, a reduction of ghosting artifacts, and the ability to visualize blood that is in motion for only a short time during the cardiac cycle. Because the signal is prepared during peak flow, venous signal can be suppressed by making the sequence sensitive to high velocities. An additional advantage of this sequence is that it permits sampling with a short TE because the velocity-encoding gradient can be applied in a preparatory interval. Signal loss that results from dephasing during the longer TE preparation interval can be reduced or eliminated by allowing the dephased spins to flow out of the region of complex flow, and perhaps out of the field-of-view, by introducing a delay between the finish of the VSP pulse and the beginning of data acquisition.
Alkylfurans: Effects of Alkyl Side-Chain Length on Insecticidal Activity

The insecticidal activity of five alkylfurans against the generalist insect herbivore beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, was examined. Two naturally occurring compounds, the avocadofurans 2-(pentadecyl)furan (1) and 2-(heptadecyl)furan (2), previously isolated from specialized avocado idioblast oil cells, and three homologues, 2-(tetradecyl)furan (3), 2-(hexadecyl)furan (4), and 2-(octadecyl)furan (5), were synthesized. Bioassays of alkylfurans 1-5 using a 9-day diet-incorporation initiated with neonates showed that all alkylfurans tested significantly increased S. exigua larval mortality and reduced larval weights, with maximal biological activity detected among the naturally occurring alkylfurans 1 and 2.
Looking beyond States: Openings for international bureaucrats to enter the institutional design process

Surprisingly little research investigates a stark reality: the vast majority of today’s international intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) were crafted not by states alone, but with participation by international bureaucrats working in pre-existing IGOs. What explains this phenomenon? Drawing on international relations scholarship, this article develops predictions involving the capabilities of states, or a matter’s salience to states. The predictions are tested with a new and original dataset that captures, for the first time, variation in the roles that international bureaucrats play in the institutional design arena. Statistical analyses find that states’ need for expertise, as well as the design negotiations’ distance from high-politics, leave openings for international bureaucrats to enter institutional design processes. The findings enhance our understanding of institutional design, principal-agent relationships, non-state actors, and divisions of labor in contemporary global governance.
Nonparametric two-stage estimation of conditional choice probabilities in a binary choice model under uncertainty

Abstract In this paper, estimation of conditional choice probabilities in a binary choice model under uncertainty is considered under weak nonparametric restrictions on expectations and the error distribution. The estimation method follows a two-stage strategy: the first stage estimates expectations using realizations of agents' future, and the second stage estimates conditional choice probabilities using choice data and the expectations estimates. This paper gives conditions under which the two-stage nonparametric kernel estimator is uniformly, strongly consistent and asymptotically normal.
Outcomes of Hemodialysis Patients in a Long-term Care Hospital Setting: A Single-Center Study

Background Long-term care hospitals (LTCHs) provide intermediary care after an acute-care hospitalization and usually furnish care to patients with complex medical problems. Outcomes of hemodialysis patients admitted to LTCHs, which includes patients with either end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring dialysis therapy, are not known. Study Design Observational study. Setting & Participants All consecutive hemodialysis patients admitted to an LTCH. Predictors Demographic characteristics, comorbid and laboratory variables, ESRD, and AKI status during LTCH stay. Outcomes Disposition from LTCHs was classified as discharge to home, nursing home, death in LTCH or hospice care, and re-admission to the hospital. In patients with AKI, renal recovery was defined as discontinuation of dialysis therapy before meeting disposition outcomes. Results 96 of 206 (46.6%) patients had ESRD, whereas 110 of 206 (53.3%) developed AKI requiring dialysis therapy during the acute-care hospitalization. 63 of 206 (31%) were discharged to home, 11 of 206 (5.4%) died or transferred to hospice, 81 of 206 (40%) went to a nursing home, and 49 of 206 (24%) were re-admitted to a hospital; mortality after re-admission was 32%. Older age (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.98), diabetes mellitus (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.23-0.94), number of re-admissions to the hospital (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.18-0.78), aminoglycoside use (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.04-0.64), and duration of hospitalization before LTCH admission (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.99) were associated with lower odds of discharge to home. Of 110 patients with AKI requiring dialysis therapy, 30% (33 patients) discontinued dialysis therapy, whereas 70% were deemed to have ESRD on discharge. Limitations Retrospective observational study. Conclusions Most dialysis patients at LTCHs are either re-admitted to acute-care hospitals or require nursing home placement. Only 30% of patients with AKI recover sufficiently to discontinue dialysis therapy, whereas 70% are deemed to have ESRD.
Breaking down the silos: the integration of energy efficiency, renewable energy, demand response and climate change

This paper explores the feasibility of integrating energy efficiency program evaluation with the emerging need for the evaluation of programs from different “energy cultures” (demand response, renewable energy, and climate change). The paper reviews key features and information needs of the energy cultures and critically reviews the opportunities and challenges associated with integrating these with energy efficiency program evaluation. There is a need to integrate the different policy arenas where energy efficiency, demand response, and climate change programs are developed, and there are positive signs that this integration is starting to occur.
Geometric accounts of consonant-vowel interactions in developing systems

Phenomena associated with consonant-vowel interactions are examined relative to three general models of feature geometry which differ in the planar relationship of consonants and vowels. The data come from reports of developing phonological systems, both normal and disordered. Geometric analyses reveal that consonants and vowels are fully integrated in the earliest stages of development such that the place specification of consonants is primarily derived from the vowel. However, change through development requires modifications either in the principles of place association, the degree of feature specification, or the planar representation of consonants and vowels.
The detection of trace amounts of trans-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 in the presence of cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2. A high performance liquid chromatographic application of kurnakow's test

Abstract Treatment of mixtures of cis and trans Pt(NH3)2Cl2 with thiourea (thu) gave Pt(thu)4Cl2 and trans [Pt(NH3)2(thu)2]Cl2 which were separated and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography using a strong cation exchange column. Several platinum-thiourea compounds have been studied by NMR (1H, 13C, 195Pt), an increase in the coalescence temperature of the NH2 resonances being observed as a result of co-ordination. The NMR data has also been used to show the presence of interactions between the Pt(thu)2+4 and PtCl2−6 ions of [Pt(thu)4][PtCl6] in dimethylsulphoxide solution.
Morphine-induced potentiation in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus involves norepinephrine.

We examined the role of norepinephrine in the morphine-induced potentiation in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in chronically implanted freely moving rats. The population spikes of the field potentials in the dentate gyrus following perforant path stimulation were recorded before and after morphine injection. We found that a single dose of morphine sulfate (5 mg/kg, i.v.) resulted in a long-lasting augmentation in the amplitudes of population spikes. When pretreated with propranolol (5 mg/kg, i.v.), a β-adrenoceptor antagonist, the morphine-induced potentiation was significantly attenuated. These results suggested that an increase in norepinephrine release in the hippocampus contributed to the morphine-induced potentiation.
Strong Magnetic Coupling Between an Electronic Spin Qubit and a Mechanical Resonator

We describe a technique that enables a strong coherent coupling between a single electronic spin qubit associated with a nitrogen-vacancy impurity in diamond and the quantized motion of a magnetized nanomechanical resonator tip. This coupling is achieved via careful preparation of dressed spin states which are highly sensitive to the motion of the resonator but insensitive to perturbations from the nuclear-spin bath. In combination with optical pumping techniques, the coherent exchange between spin and motional excitations enables ground-state cooling and controlled generation of arbitrary quantum superpositions of resonator states. Optical spin readout techniques provide a general measurement toolbox for the resonator with quantum limited precision.
Geology Consortium Project Reports

The second Keck Research Symposium in Geology was held April 13–16 at Colorado College, Colorado Springs. Forty faculty and 65 students from 10 institutions attended to report on Keck-funded intercollegiate research programs of previous summers. Five research projects have been completed, in Bermuda, Colorado, Massachusetts, Montana, and Minnesota. Results were presented at the meeting.
Tuberous sclerosis complex: renal imaging findings.

PURPOSE: To review the renal imaging findings and changes over time in a large series of young patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred thirty-nine renal imaging studies (113 ultrasonographic scans, 15 computed tomographic scans, and 11 magnetic resonance images) were identified in 59 patients with TSC (mean age, 11.4 years; age range, 3 days to 36 years). There were 31 male and 28 female patients. Angiomyolipomas and cysts were identified and characterized according to the following features: number, unilateral versus bilateral, largest diameter, and change over time. In patients whose initial examination results were normal, the age at onset of lesions was noted. The χ2 test was used to determine whether cysts and angiomyolipomas occurred in different subpopulations. RESULTS: Angiomyolipomas were identified in 47 (80%) patients and were too numerous to count in 36 (76%), focal in 38 (81%), and bilateral in 42 (89%). The mean largest diameter was 21 mm. Cysts wer...
Design of a Novel Low Cost Point of Care Tampon (POCkeT) Colposcope for Use in Resource Limited Settings

The image data and support information that is published in the article "Design of a Novel Low Cost Trans-Vaginal Digital Colposcope for use in Resource Limited Settings" are available at: http://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/handle/10161/8357.
Computational Naval Ship Hydrodynamics

The primary purpose of our research efforts is to improve naval design and detection capabilities. Our current research efforts leverage high performance computing (HPC) resources to perform high-resolution numerical simulations with hundreds-of-millions to billions of unknowns to study wave breaking behind a transom stern, wave-impact loading, the generation of spray by high-speed planing craft, air entrainment by plunging breaking waves, forced-motion, and storm seas. This paper focuses on the air entrainment and free-surface turbulence in the flow behind a transom-stern and wave-impact loading on marine platforms. Two codes, Numerical Flow Analysis (NFA) and Boundary Data Immersion Method (BDIM), are used in this study. Both codes are Cartesian-based Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) formulations, and use either Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) (NFA) or conservative Volume-of-Fluid (cVOF) BDIM treatments to track the free-surface interface. The first project area discussed is the flow behind the transom stern. BDIM simulations are used to study the volume of entrained air behind the stern. The application of a Lagrangian bubble-extraction algorithm elucidates the location of air cavities in the wake and the bubble-size distribution for a flow that has over 10 percent void fraction. NFA simulations of the transom-stern flow are validated by comparing the numerical simulations to experiments performed at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD), where good agreement between simulations and experiments is obtained for mean elevations and regions of white water in the wake. The second project area discussed is wave impact loading, a topic driven by recent structural failures of high-speed planing vessels and other advanced vehicles, as well as the devastation caused by Tsunamis impacting low-lying coastal areas. NFA simulations of wave breaking events are compared to the NSWCCD cube impact experiments and the Oregon State University, O.H. Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratories Tsunami experiments, and it is shown that NFA is able to accurately simulate the propagation of waves over long distances after which it also accurately predicts highly-energetic impact events.
Flavor symmetry and the static potential with hypercubic blocking

We introduce a new smearing transformation, the hypercubic (HYP) fat link. The hypercubic fat link mixes gauge links within hypercubes attached to the original link only. Using quenched lattices at $\ensuremath{\beta}=5.7$ and 6.0 we show that HYP fat links improve flavor symmetry by an order of magnitude relative to the thin link staggered action. The static potential measured on HYP smeared lattices agrees with the thin link potential at distances $r/ag~2$ and has greatly reduced statistical errors. These quenched results will be used in forthcoming dynamical simulations of HYP staggered fermions.
View-Invariant Representation and Recognition of Actions

Analysis of human perception of motion shows that information for representing the motion is obtained from the dramatic changes in the speed and direction of the trajectory. In this paper, we present a computational representation of human action to capture these dramatic changes using spatio-temporal curvature of 2-D trajectory. This representation is compact, view-invariant, and is capable of explaining an action in terms of meaningful action units called dynamic instants and intervals. A dynamic instant is an instantaneous entity that occurs for only one frame, and represents an important change in the motion characteristics. An interval represents the time period between two dynamic instants during which the motion characteristics do not change. Starting without a model, we use this representation for recognition and incremental learning of human actions. The proposed method can discover instances of the same action performed by different people from different view points. Experiments on 47 actions performed by 7 individuals in an environment with no constraints shows the robustness of the proposed method.
Ultrastructure of Intraerythrocytic Babesia microti with Emphasis on the Feeding Mechanism

Babesia microti is a highly polymorphic organism. To unravel its fine structure and the function of organelles it was necessary to resort often to serial sections. A single plasma membrane covers the organism. In trophozoites approaching reproduction, segments of double membranes can be found below the plasma membrane. In electron micrographs of poor resolution these segments of double membranes look like pieces of thick membranes and they were often thought to be a thick 2nd membrane. Before the segments of double membranes appear 2 other organelles are formed in older trophozoites: micronemes and rhoptries. There are indications that these structures originate from vesicles of the Golgi apparatus. Large dense bodies of the same structure as the host cytoplasm are not food vacuoles but merely invaginations of host cytoplasm, as found in serial sections and in organisms removed from the host cell. Feeding in Babesia seems to take place by a special organelle composed of tightly coiled double membranes located partly inside and partly outside the parasite. It is assumed that extracellular digestion of host cytoplasm take place through this organelle. The nucleus remains undifferentiated throughout the whole intraerythrocytic stage. It becomes irregular, loboid, but does not divide and remains a single body until the late stage of reproduction when only a small portion, a bud, extends into the forming merozoite.
Control for Energy Dissipation in Structures

Active vibration suppression of a large flexible space structure has been studied extensively in recent years. The studies include reduced-order modeling of structures with associated controller design. The main objectives of active control design are minimizing hardware and real-time computation while achieving efficient and robust control of the structure. Structure modeling and various control techniques are briefly discussed in this paper. Control designs based on state variable feedback are compared with an energy dissipation-based design. The effect of nonlinearities is considered by allowing saturation of the actuator control. The control design is experimentally implemented and compared with the numerical simulation. Critical issues related to experimental implementation are discussed. The energy dissipation control design is shown to be superior to others in light of the above-mentioned objectives.
What's in a number?

the scientific publishing world is being influenced by the Impact Factor (IF) just as the wine industry has been, and continues to be, influenced by a certain Robert Parker. There is little doubt that, just as Parker's personal taste in wine has caused winemakers in droves to change their procedures
Aripiprazole in Anorexia Nervosa and Low-Weight Bulimia Nervosa: Case Reports

Objective: There has been much interest in the use of atypical antipsychotics in anorexia nervosa (AN). However, newer, more weight-neutral medications have not been studied in AN, and there are no reports of the use of antipsychotics in bulimia nervosa (BN). Method: We report on the treatment of eight patients (five with AN and three with BN) with aripiprazole for time periods of four months to more than three years. Results: All individuals had reduced distress around eating, fewer obsessional thoughts about food, weight and body image, significant lessening of eating-disordered behaviors, and gradual weight restoration where appropriate. Depression, generalized anxiety, and cognitive flexibility improved as well.
IL-12 dependent/IFNγ independent expression of CCR5 by myelin-reactive T cells correlates with encephalitogenicity

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease with similarities to multiple sclerosis (MS). It is induced in mice by the transfer of myelin-reactive T cells. Here we demonstrate that IL-12 stimulates myelin-reactive T cells to up-regulate the beta-chemokine receptor, CCR5, in correlation with the acquisition of central nervous system-infiltrating and encephalitogenic properties. These effects of IL-12 are IFN gamma-independent. The CCR5 ligands, RANTES and MIP-1 alpha, are expressed in the spinal cords of mice at EAE onset. Our results suggest that reagents that block CCR5/beta-chemokine interactions and/or antagonize IL-12 might be useful for treatment of autoimmune demyelination.
Country Music, Suicide, and Spuriousness

Les AA. critiquent les analyses de Steven Stack et Jim Gundlach qui s'etaient efforces de montrer que les taux de suicide, aux Etats-Unis, des individus de race blanche en milieu urbain sont proportionnels a la diffusion de la musique country sur les radios emettant dans ces zones. Ils s'efforcent de repondre a Stack et a Gundlach qui ont mis en doute la methode employee pour critiquer leurs resultats. Ils utilisent donc les statistiques de ces derniers mais montrent que le lien entre musique country et suicides des blancs, que les deux sociologues ont cru avoir isole, est illusoire
Center Field Shot: A History of Baseball on Television

Walker, J. R. & Bellamy Jr., R. V. (2008). Center Field Shot: A history of baseball on television. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press. 321 pages. If you think you know a lot about the...
Platelet Alpha-2 Receptors in Normotensive and Hypertensive Pregnancies in Blacks

It is known that hypertension among blacks starts at earlier ages and has a higher mortality rate as compared to other populations. Alpha-2 receptors were compared in the platelets of normotensive (n=19) and hypertensive pregnant black women (n=29). Characterization and identification of alpha-2 receptors were performed by radio receptor assay. Platelet membranes were incubated with various concentrations of [3H]yohimbine as an alpha-2 antagonist. The maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) and dissociation constant (Kd) were determined by Scatchard analysis. The maximum number of binding sites were 331 fM/mg (normotensive n=19), 286 fM/mg (chronic hypertension n=12), and 357 fM/mg (preeclampsia n=17). These values were not statistically significant. Conclusions: alpha-2 platelet receptors are not altered in hypertensive pregnancies.
Humor Production and Perceptions of Psychological Health

Funny people — comedians, class clowns, and pranksters — often seem troubled. But are they? Though an argument can be made either way, we suggest that trying to be funny can cause people to seem psychologically unhealthy regardless of their actual psychological health. We derive our predictions from the benign violation theory of humor, which proposes amusement arises from the perception that something is wrong yet okay. Accordingly, acting non-normatively enhances humor as long as the behavior is not too deviant. We present two studies that ask participants to judge storytellers based on the content of their stories. Although stories featuring taboo topics facilitate humor (up to a point) — humorous stories also create the impression that there is something wrong with the storyteller. Importantly, we find that the same storyteller is more likely to be perceived to be psychologically unhealthy when telling a story intended to be funny than when telling a story intended to be otherwise interesting.
The Brine Flies of the Genus Ephydra in North America (Diptera: Ephydridae)

“Brine flies” or “salt flies” of the genus Ephydra Fallen are often very abundant in coastal salt marshes, salt and alkaline lakes and ponds, and around thermal and mineral springs. From a detailed study of the male genitalia, 16 species of Ephydra are recognized in North America. These are classified in 3 subgenera: Ephydra s. str., with 6 species in the riparia group and 7 species in the glauca group; HALEPHYDRA , new subgenus with 1 species; and Hydropyrus Cresson with 2 species. Characters of the male genitalia of each species are described and illustrated, brief diagnoses are given of external features, and a key is presented for the recognition of all taxa. The known biology and distribution are summarized. Ephydra goedeni , n. sp. is described from hot springs in Oregon and nearby states; E. packardi , new name is proposed for E. halophila Packard (not von Heyden), and E. currani , new name for E. salina Curran (not von Heyden); and the correct application of other specific names is indicated from a study of the respective types.
Genetic and pharmacological evidence implicates cathepsins in Niemann-Pick C cerebellar degeneration

Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC) disease, an autosomal recessive lipid trafficking disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the NPC1 gene, is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration resulting in cognitive impairment, ataxia and early death. Little is known about the cellular pathways leading to neuron loss. Here, we studied the effects of diminishing expression of cystatin B, an endogenous inhibitor of cathepsins B, H and L, on the development of NPC neuropathology. We show that decreased expression of cystatin B in patient fibroblasts enhances cathepsin activity. Deletion of the encoding Cstb gene in Npc1-deficient mice resulted in striking deleterious effects, particularly within the cerebellum where diffuse loss of Purkinje cells was observed in young mice. This severe pathology occurred through cell autonomous mechanisms that triggered Purkinje cell death. Moreover, our analyses demonstrated the mislocalization of lysosomal cathepsins within the cytosol of Npc1-deficient Purkinje cells. We provide evidence that this may be a consequence of damage to lysosomal membranes by reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the leakage of lysosomal contents that culminates in apoptotic cell death. Consistent with this notion, toxicity from ROS was attenuated in an NPC cell model by cystatin B over-expression or pharmacological inhibition of cathepsin B. The observation that Npc1 and Cstb deletion genetically interact to potently enhance the degenerative phenotype of the NPC cerebellum provides strong support for the notion that lysosomal membrane permeabilization contributes to cerebellar degeneration in NPC disease.
A Confused Electrician Uses Smith Normal Form

In this paper we define “confused electrician games,” which generalize “Lights Out,” a game popular in mathematical literature. In addition to “Lights Out,” many more recent computer game puzzles c...