cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Framework for Efficient Fingerprint Identification Using a Minutiae Tree

Given the existence of large fingerprint databases, including distributed systems, the development of algorithms for performing fast searches in them has become the important topic for biometric researchers. In this paper, we propose a new indexing method for fingerprint templates consisting of a set of minutia points. In contrast to previously presented methods, our algorithm is tree-based and well addresses the efficiency needs of complex (possibly distributed) systems. One large index tree is constructed and the enrolled templates are represented by the leaves of the tree. The branches in the index tree correspond to different local configurations of minutia points. Searching the index tree entails extracting local minutia neighborhoods of the test fingerprint and matching them against tree nodes. Therefore, the search time does not depend on the number of enrolled fingerprint templates, but only on the index tree configuration. This framework can be adapted for different tree-building parameters (feature sets, indexing levels, bin boundaries) according to user requirements and different enrollment and searching techniques can be applied to improve accuracy. We conduct a number of the experiments on Fingerprint Verification Competition databases, as well as the databases of synthetically generated fingerprint templates. The experiments confirm the ability of the proposed algorithm to find correct matches in the database and the minimum search time requirements.
On general linear block code decoding using the sum-product iterative decoder

The sum-product iterative decoder, conventionally used for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, hold promise as a decoder for general linear block code decoding. However, the promise is only partly fulfilled because, as we show experimentally, the decoder performance degrades rapidly as a function of parity check matrix weight. Even in the case of decoder failure, however, we demonstrate that there is information present in the decoder output probabilities that can still help with the decoding problem.
Tumor-targeting drug delivery of chemotherapeutic agents*

Despite the significant progress in the development of cancer detection, prevention, surgery, and therapy, there is still no common cure for this disease. In addition, the long- standing problem of chemotherapy is the lack of tumor-specific treatments. Traditional chemotherapy relies on the premise that rapidly proliferating cancer cells are more likely to be killed by a cytotoxic agent. In reality, however, cytotoxic agents have very little or no specificity, which leads to systemic toxicity, causing undesirable severe side effects. Therefore, various "molecularly targeted cancer therapies" have been developed for use in specific cancers, including tumor-targeting drug delivery systems (TTDDS). In general, a TTDDS consists of a tumor recognition moiety and a cytotoxic "warhead" connected through a "smart" linker to form a conjugate. When a multi-functionalized nanomaterial is used as the vehicle, a "Trojan horse" approach becomes possible for mass delivery of cytotoxic war- heads to maximize the efficacy. This account presents the progress in the molecular approaches to the design and development of novel drug delivery systems for tumor-target- ing chemotherapy in our laboratory.
Motion planning of a bipedal miniature crawling robot in hybrid configuration space

This paper describes the motion planning of a bipedal crawling robot with an under-actuated mechanism and multiple locomotion modes. A hybrid configuration space is proposed to incorporate the continuous configuration space with discrete motion status space imposed by the kinematic constraints. Under the hybrid configuration space framework, a motion planning method is developed which consists of a global planner and a local planner to generate a collision-free path and a feasible motion sequence to travel along the path. A cost function is defined based on the motion status information to guide the search for an optimal path. Simulation and experimental results have verified the theoretical development.
MORTGAGE LENDING TO MINORITIES: WHERE'S THE BIAS?

This paper examines mortgage lending and concludes that studies based on data created by the Boston Fed should be reevaluated. A detailed examination of these data indicates that irregularities in these data, when combined with the most commonly used research methodology, appear to have biased previous research toward a finding of discrimination against minority applicants. When the most severe data irregularities are eliminated, evidence to support a hypothesis of discrimination disappears. The currently fashionable "flexible' underwriting standards of mortgage lenders may have the unintended consequences of increasing defaults for the 'beneficiaries' of these policies.
Design solutions for 3D integration and signal integrity

Design robustness is increasingly challenging in large-scale system integration. This session presents solutions to 3D integration, ESD, and on-chip interconnect.
Keeping up with the Joneses: The Role of Envy, Relationship Conflict, and Job Performance in Social Undermining

In this study, we draw on concepts within the abusive supervision literature, the moral exclusion literature, and the broader unethical behavior literature to develop and test a model that explains...
Characterization of collector optic material samples before and after exposure in laser produced plasma and discharge produced plasma extreme ultraviolet sources

The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UIUC and several national laboratories are collaborating on an effort to character- ize Xe plasma source exposure effects on extreme ultraviolet EUV col- lector optics. A series of mirror samples provided by SEMATECH were exposed for 10 million shots in an Xtreme Technologies XTS 13-35 com- mercial EUV discharge produced plasma DPP source at UIUC and 500,000 shots at the high-power TRW laser produced plasma LPP source at Sandia National Laboratory, Livermore SNLL. Results for both pre- and post-exposure material characterization are presented for samples exposed in both facilities. Surface analysis performed at the Center for Microanalysis of Materials at UIUC investigates mirror degra- dation mechanisms by measuring changes in surface roughness, tex- ture, and grain sizes as well as analysis of implantation of energetic ions, Xe diffusion, and mixing of multilayers. Materials characterization on samples removed after varying exposure times in the XTS source iden- tify the onset of different degradation mechanisms within each sample over 1 million to 10 million shots. Results for DPP-exposed samples for 10 million shots in the XCEED Xtreme Commercial EUV Emission Di- agnostic experiment show that samples are eroded and that the surface is roughened with little change to the texture. Atomic force microscopy AFM results show an increase in roughness by a factor of 2 to 6 times, with two exceptions. This is confirmed by x-ray reflectivity XRR data, which shows similar roughening characteristics and also confirms the smoothening of two samples. Scanning electron microscopy SEM pic- tures showed that erosion is from 5 to 54 nm, depending on the sample material and angle of incidence for debris ions. Finally, microanalysis of the exposed samples indicates that electrode material is implanted at varying depths in the samples. The erosion mechanism is explored using a spherical energy sector analyzer ESA to measure fast ion species and their energy spectra. Energy spectra for ions derived from various chamber sources are measured as a function of the argon flow rate and angle from the centerline of the pinch. Results show creation of high- energy ions up to E=13 keV. Species noted include ions of Xe, Ar a buffer gas, and various materials from the electrodes and debris tool. The bulk of fast ion ejection from the pinch includes Xe + , which maxi- mizes at 8 keV, followed by Xe 2+ , which maximizes at 5 keV. Data from samples analysis and ESA measurements combined indicate mechanism and effect for debris-optic interactions and detail the effec- tiveness of the current debris mitigation schemes. © 2006 Society of Photo- Optical Instrumentation Engineers. DOI: 10.1117/1.2243082
A model for conduction in polycrystalline silicon&#8212;Part II: Comparison of theory and experiment

In the preceding paper [1], a new phenomenological model for the electrical conduction in polycrystalline silicon was developed. Electrical conduction in polycrystalline silicon was shown to be controlled by dopant segregation, carrier trapping, and carrier tunneling through the grain boundaries. In this paper, the theoretical model is compared to experiment. The electrical behavior of polycrystalline silicon is shown to be influenced by the properties of the grain boundaries. In arsenic and phosphorus-doped polycrystalline-silicon films the grain boundaries are best modeled by rectangular barriers with a height of 0.66 eV and an approximate width of 7 A. The width of the grain-boundary barriers and the density of carrier trapping states are found to be weak functions of the dopant species and sample processing. The resistivity is found to be a strong function of dopant concentration, dopant species, and processing history at low and intermediate dopant concentrations, and the model can be used to predict this behavior.
Newly Revealed Diversity of Green Microalgae from Wilderness Areas of Joshua Tree National Park (JTNP)

ABSTRACT. Documentation of the biodiversity of eukaryotic algae from desert systems is sparse. Our objective was to characterize microalgae from soil samples collected throughout Joshua Tree National Park, California, USA. Morphological, life-cycle, and DNA sequence data were collected for 100 microalgal isolates distributed over 18 sites in Joshua Tree National Park. Phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rDNA data separated the green algae into 15 major clades—10 in the class Chlorophyceae and 5 in the class Trebouxiophyceae—containing 2 or more lineages plus 9 lineages represented by a single isolate. Five isolates belonging to the class Xanthophyceae and 2 isolates belonging to Eustigmatophyceae were also identified. Some green algal isolates could be placed with confidence in known genera including Bracteacoccus, Chlorosarcinopsis, Myrmecia, Neochlorosarcina, Scenedesmus, and Stichococcus, whereas several green isolates could not be assigned to known genera based on morphological or molecular data. Both mo...
Forum: Leisure and the Structure of our Life Worlds*

Leisure research among the elderly has not kept pace with its significance in their lives. While the centrality of work is often discussed, a comparable role for leisure is seldom acknowledged. Through a blending of life-course and structural-level perspectives this paper discusses the need for conceptual innovation in leisure research. A broader perspective on the nature of leisure, its structure and the emerging need to address leisure as a form of consumption is advocated. Recognition of the identity-affirming nature of leisure and consumption will greatly enhance the focus of leisure research.
The latest cosmeceutical approaches for anti-aging

Summary Background Cosmeceuticals provide a new therapeutic frontier for anti-aging in dermatology. The most dramatic signs of cutaneous aging include the lack of skin surface regularity, the formation of rhagades, and the increased presence of dyspigmentation. Background The objective of this review is to illustrate how these three needs of maturing skin can be met by novel ingredients incorporated into carefully constructed formulations designed to deliver scientifically measurable and visibly noticeable improvement. Conclusion Skin surface irregularity can be improved through increased skin turnover facilitated by topical niacinamide, while the appearance of fine lines can be diminished through the application of moisturizers containing engineered peptides and over-the-counter retinoids, such as retinyl propionate. Finally, skin pigmentation can become more regular with the topical application of N-acetyl glucosamine and ultraviolet A photoprotective ingredients. Furthermore, combining cosmeceutical ingredients in a moisturizing vehicle can magnify benefits and profoundly improve skin appearance.
Localism and the Environment

Localism, understood here as a movement to regain sovereignty over the local economy in an era of globalization, offers an alternative economic development strategy to that of the high-tech, export-oriented manufacturing cluster. Instead, localism advocates call attention to the benefits of import-replacing strategies that strengthen locally owned businesses, farms, and nonprofit organizations, as well as local government agencies. Primary examples of localism include the ‘buy local movement’ supported by independent retailers and banks, community-controlled energy, and local food and agricultural networks. Localism may generate environmental benefits due to decreased transportation and increased awareness of the environmental effects of production when located near consumers, but the connection between localism and environmental dividends is variable and tenuous.
Paintings from the Reign of Victoria: The Royal Holloway Collection, Yale Center for British Art, New Haven, Connecticut, 7 May – 26 July, 2009

This review considers the exhibition Paintings from the Reign of Victoria: The Royal Holloway Collection, shown at the Yale Center for British Art, New Haven, Connecticut, from 7 May to 26 July, 2009. It includes discussion of key works from the Holloway collection, including William Powell Frith's The Railway Station (1862) and Edwin Landseer's Man Proposes, God Disposes (1864), and interviews with visitors to the exhibition.
Evolving chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. More than 50% of patients undergo surgery, but even after a curative resection, 60% of patients relapse locally or with distant metastases. Despite the fact that many advances have occurred in the management of gastric cancer, it continues to carry a poor prognosis, amplifying the importance of palliative chemotherapy. When compared with best supportive care alone, combination chemotherapy yields a significant advantage in the management of advanced gastric cancer. However, no single regimen has emerged or been accepted as clearly superior over another. Numerous phase II studies have demonstrated promising results with newer agents including irinotecan, docetaxel, capecitabine, S-1, and oxaliplatin. Recently reported phase III results with these agents now demonstrate positive developments in the treatment options for patients with advanced gastric cancer.
The structural basis of αβ T-lineage immune recognition: TCR docking topologies, mechanotransduction, and co-receptor function

Self versus non-self discrimination is at the core of T-lymphocyte recognition. To this end, αβ T-cell receptors (TCRs) ligate 'foreign' peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I or class II molecules (pMHC) arrayed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Since the discovery of TCRs approximately 30 years ago, considerable structural and functional data have detailed the molecular basis of their extraordinary ligand specificity and sensitivity in mediating adaptive T-cell immunity. This review focuses on the structural biology of the Fab-like TCRαβ clonotypic heterodimer and its unique features in conjunction with those of the associated CD3eγ and CD3eδ heterodimeric molecules, which, along with CD3ζζ homodimer, comprise the TCR complex in a stoichiometry of 1:1:1:1. The basis of optimized TCRαβ docking geometry on the pMHC linked to TCR mechanotransduction and required for T-cell signaling as well as CD4 and CD8 co-receptor function is detailed. A model of the TCR ectodomain complex including its connecting peptides suggests how force generated during T-cell immune surveillance and at the immunological synapse results in dynamic TCR quaternary change involving its heterodimeric components. Potential insights from the structural biology relevant to immunity and immunosuppression are revealed.
Reducing power with dynamic critical path information

Recent research has shown that dynamic information regarding instruction criticality can be used to increase microprocessor performance. Critical path information can also be used in processors to achieve a better balance of power and performance. This paper uses the output of a dynamic critical path predictor to decrease the power consumption of key portions of the processor without incurring a corresponding decrease in performance. The optimizations include effective use of functional units with different power and latency characteristics and decreased issue logic power.
PLANNING DIFFUSE POLLUTION CONTROL: AN ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK

ABSTRACT: Determination of an optimal nonpoint pollution control strategy demands information relating to (1) costs of pollutant reduction, (2) transport of pollutants, (3) water quality impact of pollutants, and (4) the economic impact of water quality changes. This paper briefly reviews the literature in each of these areas and suggests an analytical framework useful in the development of an optimal nonpoint pollutant control strategy.
Traumatic brain injury-induced sleep disorders

Sleep disturbances are frequently identified following traumatic brain injury, affecting 30%-70% of persons, and often occur after mild head injury. Insomnia, fatigue, and sleepiness are the most frequent sleep complaints after traumatic brain injury. Sleep apnea, narcolepsy, periodic limb movement disorder, and parasomnias may also occur after a head injury. In addition, depression, anxiety, and pain are common brain injury comorbidities with significant influence on sleep quality. Two types of traumatic brain injury that may negatively impact sleep are acceleration/deceleration injuries causing generalized brain damage and contact injuries causing focal brain damage. Polysomnography, multiple sleep latency testing, and/or actigraphy may be utilized to diagnose sleep disorders after a head injury. Depending on the disorder, treatment may include the use of medications, positive airway pressure, and/or behavioral modifications. Unfortunately, the treatment of sleep disorders associated with traumatic brain injury may not improve neuropsychological function or sleepiness.
Nonlinear model predictive control: issues and applications

The nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) algorithm is a powerful control technique with many open issues for research. This chapter highlights a few of these issues through a series of process and biosystems case studies. Control using nonlinear models can be further complicated when working with distributed parameter systems. An emulsion polymerisation process is presented to study these challenges. Efficient solution techniques for NMPC problems are necessary when solution time or constraints are important. A fed-batch bioreactor is used to examine a computationally efficient NMPC algorithm based on differential flatness. For systems where incomplete information is available, the estimation analogue of NMPC, nonlinear moving horizon estimation, can be incorporated into the algorithm. This is demonstrated on the Van der Vusse reactor using multiple linear models. In the absence of a fundamental process description, nonlinear input-output models can be used to characterise the process. As an example, an analytical solution to the 2-norm NMPC problem for SISO systems modelled by Volterra-Laguerre systems is implemented on a continuous bioreactor. Paths for future research are also identified.
Comfortable with a Carcinogen? The Problems with Polyurethane Foam and How Regulations May Be Blocking the Performance Fiber Alternative

Polyurethane foam is the world’s most popular cushioning product for a wide variety of applications. Although it has many properties that are desirable, there are also serious problems associated with foam’s ubiquity. Polyurethane foam is highly flammable, and therefore flame retardants must be added to the material to lessen its potential danger. While these additives do slightly reduce the fire hazard that foam presents, they pose a number of health and environmental problems. Also, polyurethane foam is greatly limited in its potential recyclability.Since polyurethane foam is subject to a great deal of regulation, the very same regulations that are intended to limit foam’s negative consequences actually may work to block entrance into the market by competitive healthier and more sustainable products. In effect these regulations may exacerbate the negative consequences they are formed to protect.In this paper we address the drawbacks of polyurethane and briefly analyze an alternative polyester-based material known as “Performance Fiber.” Performance Fiber meets many of the cushioning standards that could formerly only be met by foam, while also being fire resistant, hypo-allergenic, and highly recyclable. Performance Fiber faces regulation-related challenges outside the normal scope of entrepreneurial competition in coming to market.
Model of pathogen transmission between livestock and white-tailed deer in fragmented agricultural and forest landscapes

The study summarizes the current knowledge on infection and recovery of white-tailed deer and cattle, and integrates this knowledge into the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) via a new add-on module SIR (Susceptible - Infected - Recovered) for predicting pathogen transmission between livestock and deer. New processes modeled by the SWAT-SIR model include: (a) seasonal changes in deer population and habitat; (b) resource selection and seasonal changes in foliage consumption by deer; (c) ingestion of pathogens with water, foliage and via grooming soiled hide by deer and grazing cattle; (d) infection and recovery of deer and co-grazing cattle; (e) pathogen shedding by infected animals; (f) survival of pathogens in manure; (g) kinetic release of pathogens from applied manure and fecal material. The model output is linked with ARC-GIS to allow spatial and temporal analysis of pathogen distribution across the watershed for specific land use, weather and management scenarios. We developed an add-on module for SWAT model to predict pathogen transport.The module simulated pathogen transmission between livestock and white-tailed deer.The transmission occurs via pathogen ingestion with water, foliage and grooming.The model output allows spatial and temporal analysis of pathogen distributions.
Polyarteritis nodosa presenting as profuse gastrointestinal bleeding

A 70-year-old man presented with acute onset of profuse bleeding per rectum. An urgent colonoscopy showed blood throughout the colon and distal ileum but failed to localise the source. Subsequent visceral arteriography revealed pseudoaneurysms of the branches of the superior mesenteric artery and left gastric artery. The bleeding stopped spontaneously and the aetiology of the bleeding was later found out to be secondary to polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). The presence of profuse gastrointestinal bleeding as the sole manifestation at presentation in PAN is under-reported. Early diagnosis of PAN in patients with haemodynamically significant bleeding is necessary as prompt initiation of immunosuppressive therapy helps prevent relapses. With this case report, we highlight one of the unusual presentations of PAN and the favourable response to immunosuppression with pulsed dose steroids.
Rapid in vivo measurement of β-amyloid reveals biphasic clearance kinetics in an Alzheimer’s mouse model

Findings from genetic, animal model, and human studies support the observation that accumulation of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide in the brain plays a central role in the pathogenic cascade of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Human studies suggest that one key factor leading to accumulation is a defect in brain Aβ clearance. We have developed a novel microimmunoelectrode (MIE) to study the kinetics of Aβ clearance using an electrochemical approach. This is the first study using MIEs in vivo to measure rapid changes in Aβ levels in the brains of living mice. Extracellular, interstitial fluid (ISF) Aβ levels were measured in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Baseline levels of Aβ40 in the ISF are relatively stable and begin to decline within minutes of blocking Aβ production with a γ-secretase inhibitor. Pretreatment with a P-glycoprotein inhibitor, which blocks blood-brain barrier transport of Aβ, resulted in significant prolongation of Aβ40 half-life, but only in the latter phase of Aβ clearance from the ISF.
Distributed Cable Sensors for Structural Damage Detection: Implementation Issues

A new concept for the design of coaxial cables was recently proposed and developed by the research team by introducing the change in topology of the cable structure when the cable is subjected to strain effects. In this study, three implementation issues are discussed to further advance the emerging technology towards its commercialization and implementation for crack monitoring and detection of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. They include plasma sprayed coating of a coaxial cable sensor, correlation between the reflection coefficient and the width of a crack, and interference of steel reinforcing bars with the electromagnetic field used for timedomain reflectometry measurements. Test results have shown that the sprayed coating can significantly enhance the uniformity of coaxial cable sensors and thus the quality of measured data. With controlled cracking tests, the peak reflection coefficient was found linearly related to the width of a crack. Furthermore, the interference by the adjacent steel bars is negligible even when a coaxial sensor is nearly in contact with a reinforcing bar.
The Luteinized Unruptured Follicle Syndrome and Endometriosis

The identity of luteal structures was evaluated laparoscopically in 199 women. All had evidence of ovulation as judged by dated endometrial biopsies and/or elevated levels of plasma progesterone or urinary pregnanediol. Luteal structures were identified in 159 cases. The stigma was present in 32%, absent in 38%, and questionable in 30% of the latter. No significant differences in the distribution of these findings were observed between patients with endometriosis and patients with male or tubal causes of infertility. However, in patients with clinically diagnosed ovulatory dysfunction, stigmata were observed significantly less frequently. The frequency of stigmata was not related to the varying severity of endometriosis. The earliest time in the menstrual cycle when the stigma was identified was on the day of the basal body temperature (BBT) dip prior to its rise and when the endometrium was late-proliferative. The latest was 11 days after the BBT dip and on day 26 according to endometrial histology. Uncertainty as to the presence of the stigma was frequent. The stigma was present in 33% of women with endometriosis. In some, a corpus luteum with the stigma and endometriosis were present on the same ovary. The hypothesis postulated by some investigators that the luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF) syndrome may be the cause of infertility in women with endometriosis does not appear to be accurate. However, endocrine factors probably play a role in the origin of LUF.
Quartz Tuning Fork Pressure Gauge for High-Pressure Liquid Helium

We have measured the quality factor Q and the frequency f of a 32-kHz quartz tuning fork immersed in liquid $$^4$$ He between 0.9 and 3.0 K, over pressures ranging from the saturated vapor pressure to $$\approx $$ 25 atm. At constant pressure, as a function of temperature, the quality factor and frequency have strong features related to the temperature dependence of the superfluid fraction. At constant temperature, Q depends on the superfluid fraction, while the frequency is a smooth function of pressure. The behavior is explained using a simple hydrodynamic model. The liquid helium viscosity is obtained from measured values of Q, and together with tabulated values of the helium density as a function of pressure and temperature, the frequency shift can be parameterized as a function of temperature and pressure. The observed sensitivity is $$\approx $$ 7.8 Hz/atm. The quartz tuning fork provides a compact low power method of measuring the pressure in the bulk liquid.
Relapse Prevention with Hispanic and Other Racial/Ethnic Populations: Can Cultural Resilience Promote Relapse Prevention?

Publisher Summary This chapter presents several fundamental concepts and approaches for designing and conducting culturally relevant relapse prevention interventions with Hispanic and other racial/ethnic clients in treatment for the abuse of illegal drugs. Effective drug abuse treatment must recognize the deeper influences of psychological, psychiatric, legal, familial, and other factors on recovery from drug abuse and dependence. Among bilingual/bicultural Hispanics and among low-acculturated Hispanics, cultural modules may be added to a standard treatment program to make that program culturally relevant. Structural Ecosystems Theory has been introduced within a multisystemic Ecodevelopmental Model to aid in understanding risk and protective factors that are relevant to the life experiences of racial/ethnic people. In the treatment of adult cocaine and heroin-addicted clients, one goal of relapse prevention is to teach skills for recognizing, avoiding, and exerting control over events that produce relapse. Acculturative stress is the stress associated with the process of acculturative change, particularly among Hispanic immigrants. The ego development, ethnic identity, and resilience are also elaborated.
A Rare Central Nervous System Fungal Infection Resulting from Brown Heroin Use.

Abstract Background Fungal nervous system infection can be a difficult diagnosis to make, due to the fact that there are no specific manifestations of the disease and laboratory confirmation is difficult to confirm. Case Report We report a young male who presented to our emergency department with a variety of unilateral visual field complaints. While he initially denied recent IV drug abuse, his physical examination was highly suggestive of a fungal infection known to result from brown heroin use. He was ultimately diagnosed with meningitis, ventriculitis, and endogenous endophthalmitis believed to result from a Candida species. The response to treatment with vitrectomy and broad-spectrum antimicrobials gave support to the presumed diagnosis. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? We provide a rarely described report of a possible complication from the use of IV brown heroin that led to a central nervous system infection involving vision loss by fungal infection.
On distributed power control in full duplex wireless networks

Abstract In this paper, we first consider the problem of distributed power control in a Full Duplex (FD) wireless network consisting of multiple pairs of nodes, within which each node needs to communicate with its corresponding node. We aim to find the optimal transmition power for the FD transmitters such that the network-wide capacity is maximized. Based on the high Signal-to-Interference-Plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) approximation and a more general approximation method for logarithm functions, we develop effective distributed power control algorithms with the dual decomposition approach. We also extend the work to the general FD network scenario, which can be decomposed into subproblems of isolated nodes, paths, and cycles. The corresponding power control problem is then be solved with the distributed algorithm. The proposed algorithms are validated with simulation studies.
A Higher Prevalence of HIT Antibodies in Patients May Be Due to Contaminated Heparin

During the period of November 2007-January 2008, an increased prevalence of adverse reactions to heparin in hemodialysis patients was noted. These adverse events were attributed to the presence of purposeful contaminant, namely oversulfated chondroitin sulfate (OSCS). The OSCS exhibited a molecular profile similar to heparin (14–16 KDA) and was a weaker anticoagulant (30–40 USP U/mg), however when mixed with heparin it produced super-additive anticoagulant effects. Similar to heparin, the OSCS also produced HIT antibody mediated aggregation of platelets and serotonin release. The contaminated heparin was reportedly used in dialysis globally during the period March 2007–May 2008. Since dialysis patients have been exposed to contaminated heparin, the OSCS may have triggered the generation of anti-heparin platelet factor 4 antibodies (HIT abs). Earlier analysis of dialysis patients plasma obtained in 2006 and 2007, consistently showed a very low prevalence of HIT abs in these patients (5 %). To test the hypothesis that maintenance hemodialysis patients exposed to potentially contaminated heparin may have a greater prevalence of HIT abs, blood from 80 patients on maintenance hemodialysis for the past several weeks, was drawn in June 2008. Plasma samples were analyzed for the presence of HIT abs using a commercially available ELISA kit from GTI (Brookfield, WI). While there was no change in the platelet count, the prevalence of HIT abs in these patients was markedly higher 15/78 (19.2%). Subtyping of the antibody also showed a higher prevalence of IgG subtype in contrast to the previously determined abs which were mainly IgA and IgM. The OSCS was also found to strongly complex with platelet factor 4 and initiate heparin induced platelet aggregation responses. These observations suggest that OSCS contaminant in recalled heparin is capable of triggering a differential immunogenic response in comparison to contaminant free heparin. Regardless of the increased generation of HIT abs no reports on any adverse events and/or thrombocytopenia were apparent from the site where the blood samples were drawn.
Distrustful, Conventional, Entitled, and Dysregulated: PID-5 Personality Facets Predict Hostile Masculinity and Sexual Violence in Community Men.

Psychopathy and narcissism are known predictors of sexual violence, but they are broad personality constructs with limited utility in intervention and prevention efforts. The Personality Inventory ...
A general code to simulate the effect of indirect lightning on overhead lines using EMTP-type programs

In this work, a general code is obtained to facilitate the simulation of the electromagnetic transient response of a transmission line excited by a nearby lightning stroke using EMTP-type programs, namely ATP (Alternative Transients Program) and PSCAD (Power Systems Computer Aided Design). Initially, a frequency domain model of a field-excited (illuminated) line is implemented using Taylor's formulation. Based on this model and on the application of the numerical inversion of the Laplace transform, a general code is developed in MATLAB to obtain terminal current sources representing incident field excitation, which are used as external sources for ATP and PSCAD. This code makes the computation of the effect of indirect lightning easier for the user, since a deep knowledge of the modeling approach behind this computation is not required. Several application examples are included to demonstrate the accuracy and versatility of the code.
The Structure of Real Semi-Simple Lie Groups

In order to formulate and prove the deeper results in the representation theory of semi-simple Lie groups, it is necessary to have at hand detailed information on the structure of these groups. The purpose of this chapter is to set down the salient facts.
Automatic Detection of Irrelevant Comments in an Electronic Meeting

Groups exchanging ideas in electronic meetings often generate irrelevant or off-topic comments that can detract from the conversation. Here, we describe a system that seeks to identify this immaterial text using previously identified keywords. Results of an experiment with the system show that group members believe meetings do have irrelevant comments that waste time, but participants often enjoy them. The system achieved an F measure of 42.3% for recall and precision, and further research is necessary to determine if this is sufficient or what can be done to improve this score.
Turbulent current drive mechanisms

Mechanisms through which plasma microturbulence can drive a mean electron plasma current are derived. The efficiency through which these turbulent contributions can drive deviations from neoclassical predictions of the electron current profile is computed by employing a linearized Coulomb collision operator. It is found that a non-diffusive contribution to the electron momentum flux as well as an anomalous electron-ion momentum exchange term provide the most efficient means through which turbulence can modify the mean electron current for the cases considered. Such turbulent contributions appear as an effective EMF within Ohm's law and hence provide an ideal means for driving deviations from neoclassical predictions.
Efficiency of geometric designs of flexible solar panels: mathematical simulation

The purpose of this study is to analyze various surfaces of flexible solar panels and compare them to the traditional at panels mathematically. We evaluated the efficiency based on the integral formulas that involve flux. We performed calculations for flat panels with different positions, a cylindrical panel, conical panels with various opening angles and segments of a spherical panel. Our results indicate that the best efficiency per unit area belongs to particular segments of spherically-shaped panels. In addition, we calculated the optimal opening angle of a cone-shaped panel that maximizes the annual accumulation of the sun radiation per unit area. The considered shapes are presented below with a suggestion for connections of the cells.
Trends in point-of-sale tobacco marketing around college campuses: Opportunities for enhanced tobacco control efforts.

ABSTRACTObjective: Colleges have implemented policies to limit tobacco use on-campus; however, the off-campus environment is often overlooked in tobacco control efforts. We assessed availability, marketing, and promotion of cigarettes, snus, and traditional smokeless tobacco (SLT) in a sample of communities surrounding 11 college campuses in North Carolina and Virginia. Participants: Between January-March of 2011, 2012 and 2013, 481 tobacco-selling retailers, including convenience stores, pharmacies and supermarkets, located near campuses were assessed. Methods: Trained observers completed annual point-of-sale assessments. Results: The percentage of stores selling (81.4% to 58.6%; p < .0001) and advertising snus (80.1% to 53.11%; p < .0001) significantly decreased over time. Convenience stores increased promotions of cigarettes (65.4% to 72.8%; p = 0.04) and SLT (3.1% to 23.3%; p = 0.02). Conclusions: Off-campus environments have abundant tobacco availability and marketing. Colleges should collaborate wit...
Electric grid power flow model camouflage against topology leaking attacks

The power flow model for DC power grids has been used theoretically to launch false data injection attacks (FDIAs) against state estimation. We recognize FDIAs are just one possible attack using the power flow model and that the grid topology information within the model implies its discovery may also facilitate topology-based attacks. We show attackers can derive the power flow model, and thus the topology also. Indeed, with incomplete data, attackers can accurately reconstruct regions of the model, or topology, all that is necessary to launch an attack. We also illustrate how to cause such attackers to derive instead a convincing fake model by camouflaging the real model. Consequently, no sensitive information will leak, so attacks based on this fake model will be ineffective, rather alerting grid administrators to the attacker's efforts. Using five test cases included in the MATLAB power flow analysis tool MATPOWER, ranging from 9 to 300 buses, an average 67.0% of the topology may be derived with a 69.1% model accuracy. Lastly, we find reconstructions of small portions of the model sufficient for performing FDIAs with 75% success, and that camouflage prevents 93% of them in all but the 9-bus case.
Business social media analytics: Characterization and conceptual framework

Abstract A substantial portion of internet usage today involves social media applications. Aside from personal use, given the vast amount of content stored, and rapid diffusion of information, in social media, businesses have begun exploiting social media for competitive advantage. Its popularity has led to the recognition of Social Media Analytics (SMA) as a distinct, albeit formative, sub-field within the Analytics field. Against this backdrop, we examine available characterizations of SMA that collectively identify various considerations of interest. However, their diversity suggests the need for adopting a concise, unifying SMA definition. We present a definition that subsumes salient aspects of existing characterizations and incorporates novel features of interest to Business SMA. Further, we examine available conceptual frameworks for Business SMA and advance a framework that comprehensively models the Business SMA phenomenon. We also conduct a survey of recently published SMA research in the premier, academic Management Information Systems journals and use some of the surveyed papers to validate our framework.
Tobacco Product Regulation and Tobacco Industry Interference

China’s Tobacco Monopoly Law grants the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration (STMA)/China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC) power to devise and enact any and all regulations related to tobacco products. Rather than strengthening regulations on the contents of tobacco products, STMA/CNTC has instead launched the “low tar, low harm” campaign, despite the mountain of scientific evidence debunking the claim. As its profits swelled, STMA’s chief scientist was rewarded with a prestigious academic title, causing strong public outcry. STMA/CNTC’s other efforts in countering tobacco control measures include its forcing the partial adoption of the Guidelines on Articles 9 and 10 of FCTC, thwarting attempts to regulate its use of additives such as Chinese herbal medicines designed to enhance the attractiveness and palatability of tobacco products. STMA/CNTC does not disclose to the public the contents and emissions of its tobacco products that are harmful to health, and its aggressive campaign of misinformation has caused widespread misperception among the public. Aside from traditional tobacco products, STMA has also been eying for novel products such as e-cigarettes, which are mass-produced in China but remain to be regulated. STMA has done little towards tobacco control and spent more energy maximizing the tobacco industry’s profits. In compliance with FCTC Article 5.3, other relevant government agencies, instead of STMA, should be given the authority to regulate tobacco products in China. The international tobacco control community should also be vigilant against interference from the Chinese tobacco industry.
Stochastic Characterization of Aquifer Heterogeneity from Drill Log Data

Near surface groundwater contamination is a widespread problem. The potential for contamination of deep aquifers in contaminated areas depends on the vertical hydraulic gradient, as well as the extent and location of interconnection between the upper and lower aquifers. In alluvial sedimentary environments, the geologic units are typically weakly connected lenses or layers of high or low conductivity with variable size, geometry, and orientation. Drill logs provide qualitative local information on such aquifer heterogeneities. A binary (high or low conductivity) indicator function is used to describe the aquifer system. A nonparametric statistical methodology for assessing the probability that a particular location in the aquifer has high or low conductivity using drill log information is developed. The stochastic behavior of the sedimentary process in the vertical is of particular interest. Example applications using data from Lake Bonneville deposits in Salt Lake County, Utah are presented.
Regulation of spleen white pulp structure and function by lymphotoxin.

The secondary lymphoid tissues are thought to provide sites for efficient interactions between the cells of the immune system, permitting rare antigen-specific B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes to interact with each other and with antigen non-specific dendritic cells to interact and generate a properly regulated immune response. Few experiments, however, directly test the role of the secondary lymphoid organs in the immune response.
Enhanced co-registration methods to improve intracranial electrode contact localization.

Author(s): Hinds, Walter A; Misra, Amrit; Sperling, Michael R; Sharan, Ashwini; Tracy, Joseph I; Moxon, Karen A | Abstract: BackgroundElectrode contact locations are important when planning tailored brain surgeries to identify pathological tissue targeted for resection and conversely avoid eloquent tissue. Current methods employ trained experts to use neuroimaging scans that are manually co-registered and localize contacts within ~2 mm. Yet, the state of the art is limited by either the expertise needed for each type of intracranial electrode or the inter-modality co-registration which increases error, reducing accuracy. Patients often have a variety of strips, grids and depths implanted; therefore, it is cumbersome and time-consuming to apply separate localization methods for each type of electrode, requiring expertise across different approaches.New methodTo overcome these limitations, a computational method was developed by separately registering an implant magnetic resonance image (MRI) and implant computed tomography image (CT) to the pre-implant MRI, then calculating an iterative closest point transformation using the contact locations extracted from the signal voids as ground truth.ResultsThe implant MRI is robustly co-registered to the pre-implant MRI with a boundary-based registration algorithm. By extracting and utilizing 'signal voids' (the metal induced artifacts from the implant MRI) as electrode fiducials, the novel method is an all-in-one approach for all types of intracranial electrodes while eliminating inter-modality co-registration errors.Comparison with existing methodsThe distance between each electrode centroid and the brain's surface was measured, for the proposed method as well as the state of the art method using two available software packages, SPM 12 and FSL 4.1. The method presented here achieves the smallest distances to the brain's surface for all strip and grid type electrodes, i.e. contacts designed to rest directly on the brain surface.ConclusionWe use one of the largest reported sample sizes in localization studies to validate this novel method for localizing different kinds of intracranial electrodes including grids, strips and depth electrodes.
Making care better in the pediatric intensive care unit.

The relatively young field of pediatric critical care has seen a shift from an approach with little consideration for the complications and adverse effects resulting from the procedures and medications to a more cautious approach with careful concern for the associated risks. Many senior pediatric intensivists recall a time when nearly every patient had a central venous line and arterial line; and hospital acquired infections, pressure injuries, unplanned extubations, and venous thromboemboli were expected costs of aggressive care. In addition to the morbidity and mortality associated with many of the health care-acquired conditions (HACs) in children, the attributable cost due to these HACs contributes to the unsustainable health care financial crisis. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) often penalize hospitals for HACs, and also are beginning to reimburse in a bundled fashion such that complications become the institution’s burden. In children, payors and patients’ families are often saddling this burden of costs attributable to HACs. The direct attributable costs per event are staggering. Payors, families, patients, and health care teams now demand a circumspect approach to care: do no harm, but how?