cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tolerance and Rejection: The Vote on Colorado's Amendment Two

Coloradoapos;s 1992 vote on Amendment Two was the first meaningful, broad-based test of attitudes on gay rights within the United States. Analysis of voting results distinguishes places of tolerance from places of rejection. Social differences separating these places reflect typical contrasts between “traditionalists” and “modernizers” found in cultural conflicts at the national level. Places showing support for gay rights are recreational-based mountain communities, urban areas, and university communities. Those showing opposition are rural, agriculturally based communities. Suburban areas produced a more ambivalent vote.
The Physiologic Effect of Contrast Media Used for Angiocardiography

The deaths from angiocardiography at Wisconsin General Hospital were reviewed and found to be two per cent of 249 patients. These 5 deaths are reported briefly. Investigation was carried out to determine the hemodynamic effects of contrast substances on 12 dogs. In general, there was a temporary increase in right atrial and pulmonary arterial pressure followed by a rather marked decrease in systemic arterial pressure and tachycardia. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to shunts within the heart or between the aorta and pulmonary artery.
The Kalman filter: A robust estimator for some classes of linear quadratic problems

In this paper, theoretical justification is established for the common practice of applying the Kalman filter estimator to three classes of linear quadratic problems where the model statistics are not completely known, and hence specification of the filter gains is not optimum. The Kalman filter is shown to be a minimax estimator for one class of problems and to satisfy a saddlepoint condition in the other two classes of problems. Equations for the worst case covariance matrices are given which allow the specifications of the minimax Kalman filter gains and the worst case distributions for the respective classes of problems. Both time-varying and time-invariant systems are treated.
L-shaped array for estimating 2-D directions of wave arrival

An L-shaped array of sensors to improve the estimation accuracy of two-dimensional directions of plane wave arrival is proposed. The Cramer-Rao bounds for several two-dimensional array configuration are shown. An efficient least-squares algorithm based on the L-shaped array is presented to achieve its theoretical limit. >
On countermeasures to traffic analysis attacks

We make three contributions. First, we propose Shannon's perfect secrecy theory as a foundation for developing countermeasures to traffic analysis attacks on information security systems. A system violating the perfect secrecy conditions can leak mission critical information. Second, we suggest statistical pattern recognition as a fundamental technology to test an information system's security. This technology can cover a large category of testing approaches because of statistical pattern recognition's maturity and abundant techniques. Third, researchers have proposed traffic padding as countermeasures to traffic analysis attacks. By applying the proposed information assurance testing framework, we find that constant rate traffic padding does not satisfy Shannon's perfect secrecy conditions because of its implementation mechanism. We design a variant rate traffic padding strategy as an alternative, which is validated by both theoretical analysis and empirical results.
Attenuation of the reflex responses to muscle contraction by the coadministration of antagonists to substance P and somatostatin into the dorsal horn

Objective: The aim was to determine if the coadministration of antagonists to substance P and somatostatin into the L7 dorsal horn blunts the reflex cardiovascular responses to static contraction to a greater extent than each antagonist alone. The possibility that this attenuation is mediated by blunting the contraction evoked increases in sympathetic outflow was also tested. Methods: Using α chloralose anaesthetised cats (n = 8), static contraction and stretch of the triceps surae muscle were performed before and after microinjecting (1 μl) 250 ng of the substance P antagonist, d-Pro2-d-Phe7-d-Trp9-substance P, and the somatostatin antagonist, cyclo(7-amino-heptanoyl-phenylalanyl-d-tryptophyl-lysyl-threonyl-[benzyl]). The muscle was contracted by electrically stimulating the peripheral end of the cut L7, ventral root. Results: Before injecting the antagonists, static muscle contraction increased mean arterial blood pressure by 40(SEM 6) mm Hg, heart rate by 13(2) beats·min−1, and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) by 41(7)%. These changes were blunted by the antagonists since the increases in blood pressure, heart rate, and RSNA were reduced to 21(3) mm Hg, 8(1) beats·min−1, and 23(5)%, respectively. In contrast, antagonist administration did not affect the pressor [33(5) ν 31(5) mm Hg], heart rate [9(2) ν 10(2) beats·min−1], or RSNA [23(4)% ν 25(5)%] responses to muscle stretch. Microinjection of 2% lignocaine into the dorsal horn virtually abolished the reflex changes elicited by muscle stretch. Conclusions: The release of substance P and somatostatin in the spinal cord plays a role in mediating the cardiovascular changes caused by static contraction, but the release of other neurotransmitters/neuromodulators is also involved. The attenuation produced by these antagonists is mediated, at least in part, by reducing sympathetic outflow.
The Early Universe Report of Workshop B2

In the search for explanations of the large scale structure and contents of our universe, questions of origin must inevitably be addressed. What is the origin of the present large scale homogeneity and isotropy of the matter distributions (both of radiation and particles)? What is the origin of near flatness of the large scale spatial geometry? What is the origin of the deviations from exact homogeneity, isotropy and spatial flatness represented by matter condensations such as galaxies and their clusters? What is the origin of the matter content itself — the baryons, the background electromagnetic radiation and the putative backgrounds of neutrinos and gravitons? Following J.A. Wheeler (e.g., 1973) one might even ask for the origin of the laws of physics themselves.
On the development of metapragmatic awareness abroad: two case studies exploring the role of expert-mediation

This paper examines the resulting qualitative transformation of two students' metapragmatic awareness following a semester abroad in southern France – one of whom had access to a concept-based pragmatics instruction programme (expert-mediation), while the other followed a standard semester programme. The larger study from which these cases are drawn was designed to address the many calls for pedagogical interventions to help students to engage in, interpret, and negotiate the complexities that surround them during study abroad. Through a thematic discourse analysis of pre- and post-programme language awareness interviews, both focal students exhibited development and growth in their metapragmatic awareness but each student's development was markedly different in nature. These case studies show that expert-mediation provided one learner with notably more systematic, reliable, and recontextualisable conceptual knowledge (in comparison to her non-expert-mediated counterpart) through which she could interpret...
Estimating Single-Channel Source Separation Masks: Relevance Vector Machine Classifiers vs. Pitch-Based Masking

Audio sources frequently concentrate much of their energy into a relatively small proportion of the available time-frequency cells in a short-time Fourier transform (STFT). This sparsity makes it possible to separate sources, to some degree, simply by selecting STFT cells dominated by the desired source, setting all others to zero (or to an estimate of the obscured target value), and inverting the STFT to a waveform. The problem of source separation then becomes identifying the cells containing good target information. We treat this as a classification problem, and train a Relevance Vector Machine (a probabilistic relative of the Support Vector Machine) to perform this task. We compare the performance of this classifier both against SVMs (it has similar accuracy but is not as efficient as RVMs), and against a traditional Computational Auditory Scene Analysis (CASA) technique based on a noise-robust pitch tracker, which the RVM outperforms significantly. Differences between the RVM- and pitch-tracker-based mask estimation suggest benefits to be obtained by combining both.
A Tale of Two Legacies: Career Narratives of the Black Family Business

The career development of Blacks has been neglected in literature for years. The focus on the Black family business and how this dynamic creates family career legacies, which are perpetuated through generations, adds to this body of literature. In the collection of career stories from members of two Black family businesses, this article sought to understand how Blacks made meaning of the events that influenced their career decisions, constructing these events into their involvement in the business and thereby maintaining their family career legacy. Through narrative analysis, findings indicated family career legacies were created through specific career opportunities available as a result of being Black and a desire to discontinue struggle and career hardships for future generations.
Cyber Attacks on MapReduce Computation Time in a Hadoop Cluster

In this chapter, we addressed the security issue in a Hadoop cluster when some nodes are compromised. We investigated the impact of attacks on the completion time of a MapReduce job when a node is compromised in a Hadoop cluster. We studied three attack methods: (1) blocking all incoming data from the master node except for the special messages that relay the status of the slave node, (2) delaying the delivery of packets that are sent to the master node, and performing an attack such as denial-of-service attack against the master node. To understand the impact of these attacks, we implemented them on different cluster settings that consist of three, six, and nine slave nodes and a single mater node in our testbed. Our data shows these attacks can affect the performance of MapReduce by increasing the computing time of MapReduce jobs.
Disruption of Cell Adhesion and Caspase-Mediated Proteolysis of β- and γ-Catenins and APC Protein in Paclitaxel-Induced Apoptosis

Cell adhesion is important in the regulation of cell proliferation, migration, survival, and apoptosis. The major components of cell adhesion are the cadherin family of proteins, alpha-, beta- and gamma-catenins, and cytoskeletons. In addition, beta-catenin, when associated with adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein, an oncosuppressor, is implicated in the regulation of beta-catenin/APC-related signaling pathways. To examine the correlation between impairment of cell adhesion events and apoptosis, we used human non-small-cell lung cancer H460 and H520 cell lines as models to determine whether paclitaxel-induced apoptosis is associated with disruption of the components of cell adhesion and their functions. Paclitaxel treatment resulted in cells rounding up and losing contact with their neighboring cells, suggesting that the drug does indeed affect cell adhesion and related events. Western blot analysis revealed that paclitaxel caused a time- and concentration-dependent cleavage of beta-catenin, gamma-catenin, and APC protein, but not alpha-catenin or E-cadherin. These cleavages of beta-catenin and gamma-catenin were apoptosis-dependent, not mitosis-dependent. Paclitaxel treatment led to the proteolysis and activation of caspase-3 and -7, but not caspase-1. Furthermore, paclitaxel-induced apoptosis and cleavage of beta-catenin and gamma-catenin were inhibited by the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK and partially inhibited by the caspase-3 inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK but were not affected by the caspase-1 inhibitor AC-YVAD-CMK. Although the pan-caspase inhibitor blocked the cleavage of beta-catenin as well as DNA fragmentation, it did not affect paclitaxel-induced M-phase arrest and only partially prevented cell-growth inhibition. Biochemical studies revealed that cleaved beta-catenin was detected only in the Triton X-100 insoluble fraction, suggesting that it might localize in nuclear and/or membrane structures. Interestingly, the paclitaxel-induced beta-catenin fragment lost its ability to bind to E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, or APC protein and to serve as a substrate for tyrosine kinase. All our data demonstrate that the caspase-mediated cleavage of beta-catenin, gamma-catenin, and APC protein might contribute to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis.
Determination of cadmium in seafood by microwave digestion and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Objective:To establish a microwave digestion-graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of cadmium in seafood.Methods: Sample was pretreated by microwave digestion.Cadmium was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with ZEEMA deducting background noise using ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium nitrate as the mixture modified reagents.Results: The calibration curve was linear from 0.4 μg/L~1.6 μg/L with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.999,RSD was between 4.3%~7.0%.The laver(GBW10023)and shrimp(GBW08572) reference materials were determined by the developed method.The result shows that the relative errors were 1.8% and 4.3%,respectively.Conclusion: This method is simple,sensitive,accurate and suitable for the determination of cadmium in seafood.
Excretion of unconjugated bilirubin in the bile of Gunn rats.

Conjugation is a generally accepted prerequisite for biliary excretion of bilirubin, but small amounts of unconjugated bilirubin regularly are identifiable in bile. This unconjugated pigment fraction usually is present in the bile together with much larger amounts of conjugated bilirubin suggesting a relationship in excretion between these two pigment types. Data are presented which suggest that the biliary excretion of unconjugated bilirubin is enhanced approximately 30-fold by the concomitant forced excretion of conjugated pigment in Gunn rats. Complex formation between the two pigment types (“bilirubin monoglucuronide”) is postulated to explain this phenomenon.
The Effects of Online Negative Word-of-Mouth: An Empirical Study

Previous studies on the effects of word-of-mouth (WOM) have rarely distinguished the effect of creating and reading WOM messages. This paper investigates how posting and viewing online negative word-of-mouth (NWOM) affect customers’ subsequent purchase behaviors. We also identify different types of negative emotions expressed in NWOM and examine their impact. Using a dataset that combines customers’ posting and viewing activities on the firm’s online forum and their purchase and redemption histories, we find the interaction effect between posting and redeeming to be positive, and viewing to be negative. Regarding emotions, anger has a negative effect, while concern has a positive effect. We propose an explanation for these findings, and discuss their implications and applications.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Tetrapodal NO44– Ligand and Its Transition Metal Complexes

We present the synthesis and characterization of alkali metal salts of the new tetraanionic, tetrapodal ligand 2,2′-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(2-methylmalonate) (A4[PY(CO2)4], A = Li+, Na+, K+, and Cs+), via deprotection of the neutral tetrapodal ligand tetraethyl 2,2′-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(2-methylmalonate) (PY(CO2Et)4). The [PY(CO2)4]4– ligand is composed of an axial pyridine and four equatorial carboxylate groups and must be kept at or below 0 °C to prevent decomposition. Exposing it to a number of divalent first-row transition metals cleanly forms complexes to give the series K2[(PY(CO2)4)M(H2O)] (M = Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+). The metal complexes were comprehensively characterized via single-crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H NMR and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Crystal structures reveal that [PY(CO2)4]4– coordinates in a pentadentate fashion to allow for a nearly ideal octahedral coordination geometry upon binding an exogenous water ligand. Additionally, depending on the natur...
Chevys, ADDYs, and Fink’s: Oh My! The Creation of Award Winning Advertising Within an Educational Context

Providing an educational experience that scholars value, students appreciate, and practitioners respect is a consistent goal of modern academia, especially those in the applied disciplines like marketing. In this study, the authors provide a template for designing and teaching an advanced undergraduate advertising course employing Fink’s (2003) taxonomy of significant learning with experiential projects and an example of a current application of the taxonomy. The authors discuss the application of the taxonomy in the context of student conceptualization and participation in a campaign designed for a regional group of four Chevrolet dealers in Oklahoma and Texas. Students were tasked with incorporating the automobile group’s brand with social responsibility while also staying within the clients’ budget of $5000. In addition to educating the students and fulfilling the client’s needs, the efforts resulted in the students winning an ADDY, a respected advertising award, and thus increasing the perceived value of these students to potential employers.
Role of NF-κB, PI3K, MAPK/ERK 1/2, and p38 in Erythropoietin Production by Bone Marrow Nuclears under Conditions of Immobilization Stress

The involvement of the studied signal cascades in the regulation of erythropoietin production by bone marrow nuclears under conditions of immobilization stress depends on the type of the hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment cells and the period of blood system reaction to stress exposure. Secretory activity of monocytes is regulated mainly by PI3K improving cell resistance to disturbances. The functional role of signal cascades involved in the production of erythropoietin by T cells is determined by the stage of the common adaptation syndrome.
Uso de cuararizantes en la atención del parto

The author's experience with the use of "curare" in pregnant women in labor in the course of 30 years is presented. The author indicates that the advantage of using curare during induction of anesthesia is that you can easily manage a poor light anesthesia inhalation in a well-sedated patient, being able to make any obstetric surgical procedure, including the implementation of mid-forceps, under conditions optimal.
Enterprise Risk Management and the Risk Management Process

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the implications of enterprise risk management (ERM) for the risk management process. From my perspective, ERM does not change the major steps in the traditional risk management process; instead, ERM encourages organizations to take a broader perspective and carry out a deeper analysis in each of the steps in the risk management process. More specifically, I argue that an ERM approach (1) places more emphasis on value creation as an objective of risk management, (2) emphasizes the identification of all major risks facing an organization, regardless of how they are categorized, (3) seeks to assess the aggregate risk facing the organization, and (4) considers a larger and more innovative set of methods/contracts to treat risk.
In situ measurement of light polarization with ellipticity-induced nonlinear magneto-optical rotation

A precise, accurate, and relatively straightforward in situ method to measure and control the ellipticity of light resonantly interacting with an atomic vapor is described. The technique can be used to minimize vector light shifts. The method involves measurement of ellipticity-induced resonances in the magnetic-field dependence of nonlinear magneto-optical rotation of frequency-modulated light. The light propagation direction is orthogonal to the applied magnetic field $\mathbf{B}$ and the major axis of the light polarization ellipse is along $\mathbf{B}$. When the light modulation frequency matches the Larmor frequency, elliptically polarized light produces a precessing atomic spin orientation transverse to $\mathbf{B}$ via synchronous optical pumping. The precessing spin orientation causes optical rotation oscillating at the Larmor frequency by modulating the atomic vapor's circular birefringence. Based on this technique's precision, in situ nature (which avoids systematic errors arising from optical interfaces) and independent control of the most important systematic errors, it is shown that the accuracy of light ellipticity measurements achievable with this technique can exceed that of existing methods by orders of magnitude.
High efficiency tapered free-electron lasers with a prebunched electron beam

In this paper we analyze the high gain, high efficiency tapered free-electron laser amplifier with a prebunched electron beam. Simple scaling laws are derived for the peak output power and extraction efficiency and verified using 1D simulations. These studies provide useful analytical expressions which highlight the benefits resulting from fine control of the initial conditions of the system, namely the initial electron beam bunching and input seed radiation. When time-dependent effects are included, the sideband instability is known to limit the radiation amplification due to particle detrapping. We discuss two different approaches to mitigate the sideband growth via 1-D time dependent simulations. We find that a more aggressive taper enabled by strong prebunching and a modulation of the resonance condition are both effective methods for suppressing the sideband instability growth rate.
Identification of Uncultured Bacterial Species from Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and CANDIDATUS Saccharibacteria as Candidate Cellulose Utilizers from the Rumen of Beef Cows.

The ability of ruminants to utilize cellulosic biomass is a result of the metabolic activities of symbiotic microbial communities that reside in the rumen. To gain further insight into this complex microbial ecosystem, a selection-based batch culturing approach was used to identify candidate cellulose-utilizing bacterial consortia. Prior to culturing with cellulose, rumen contents sampled from three beef cows maintained on a forage diet shared 252 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), accounting for 41.6–50.0% of bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences in their respective samples. Despite this high level of overlap, only one OTU was enriched in cellulose-supplemented cultures from all rumen samples. Otherwise, each set of replicate cellulose supplemented cultures originating from a sampled rumen environment was found to have a distinct bacterial composition. Two of the seven most enriched OTUs were closely matched to well-established rumen cellulose utilizers (Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes), while the others did not show high nucleotide sequence identity to currently defined bacterial species. The latter were affiliated to Prevotella (1 OTU), Ruminococcaceae (3 OTUs), and the candidate phylum Saccharibacteria (1 OTU), respectively. While further investigations will be necessary to elucidate the metabolic function(s) of each enriched OTU, these results together further support cellulose utilization as a ruminal metabolic trait shared across vast phylogenetic distances, and that the rumen is an environment conducive to the selection of a broad range of microbial adaptations for the digestion of plant structural polysaccharides.
War: Anthropological Aspects

In defining war, this article explores the origin and historical development of armed aggression from the earliest human societies to the present. The fact that war is a relatively recent invention in the span of human existence, arising with complex societies, suggests war is neither a biological imperative nor integral to the human condition. The many forms war takes, from tribal conflict through conventional militaries to guerrilla warfare are investigated in order to understand the nature and culture of war. The twentieth century has been the bloodiest in history, and this piece examines the relationships between violence, society, and the exercise of power that help explain this. The changing philosophies and practices of war over time and society show war to be a complex constellation of economic, cultural, and existential, as well as political factors. The various theoretical approaches to war, from those characterizing premodern societies and the rise of the modern state to the present are discussed. In concluding, the future of war, and the new directions theory might take in best understanding war in the upcoming millennium, are considered.
Endotoxemia of cirrhosis: an observation not substantiated.

Abstract Physiologic similarities between cirrhotic and septic patients have implicated systemic endotoxemia as a possible mediator of the hemodynamic, neurologic, and hematologic complications observed in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. The recently reported high prevalence of endotoxin in ascites, as well as in portal and systemic plasma, has further incriminated endotoxin of gut origin as the responsible agent. Limulus amebocyte lysate tests were performed upon peripheral plasma of 38 cirrhotic patients; portal plasma and ascites were assayed in 14 and 11 of these patients, respectively. No endotoxin was detectable. We believe that the ubiquity of endotoxin, with the attendant opportunities for specimen contamination, is the most likely explanation for the recently reported high prevalence of endotoxin in the plasma and ascites of cirrhotic patients.
Variants of Normal and Common Benign Conditions

Fundamental to diagnosing oral pathologic conditions is the ability to recognize the spectrum of clinical findings that represents variation of normal within the population. The range of such variation is wide and findings can be very subtle or notably prominent. Some are purely developmental, while others have a clear inflammatory or traumatic etiology. This chapter describes the most commonly encountered variations of normal and benign conditions encountered in the oral cavity, with specific guidelines for diagnosis and management, when clinically indicated.
Modeling Reactive Multiphase Flow and Transport of Concentrated Solutions

AbstractA Pitzer ion-interaction model for concentrated aqueous solutions was added to the reactive multiphase flow and transport code TOUGHREACT. The model is described and verified against published experimental data and the geochemical code EQ3/6. The model is used to simulate water-rock-gas interactions caused by boiling and evaporation within and around nuclear waste emplacement tunnels at the proposed high-level waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The coupled thermal, hydrological, and chemical processes considered consist of water and air/vapor flow, evaporation, boiling, condensation, solute and gas transport, formation of highly concentrated brines, precipitation of deliquescent salts, generation of acid gases, and vapor-pressure lowering caused by the high salinity of the concentrated brine.
Abstract A60: AURKA interaction with MEK1/2 complex and its role in promoting breast cancer cell metastasis

Background: Aurora-A (AURKA) belongs to the family of serine-threonine kinases that are crucial for cell cycle control. In particular, AURKA controls centrosome function, mitotic spindle formation, and proper chromosome segregation. In contrast to the well-defined function of AURKA in normal cells, the role of AURKA in malignant transformation and cancer progression is still under investigation. Here, we report that AURKA directly interacts with MEK1/2 kinase and induces chemotaxis of breast cancer cells. Results: We demonstrated that overexpression of AURKA in luminal ER+ MCF-7 cells (MCF-7AURKA) resulted in over 10-fold increase in the number of cells displaying chemotactic response upon stimulation with growth factors when compared to parental MCF-7 cells. Both AURKA inhibitor MLN8237 and MEK1/2 inhibitor PD0325901 reduced migratory properties of MCF-7AURKA cells. In contrast, treatment with the pan RAF inhibitor TAK-632 did not affect chemotactic response of MCF-7AURKA cells. We demonstrated colocalization of AURKA and MEK1/2 immunofluorescence signals in MCF-7AURKA and triple-negative BT549 cells. In situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) revealed the presence of AURKA-MEK1/2 complexes in MCF-7AURKA and BT549 cells, and the notion that AURKA and MEK1/2 formed cellular complexes was confirmed with co-immunoprecipitation experiments. In vitro kinase assays with recombinant AURKA and MEK1 proteins showed that AURKA kinase could directly phosphorylate MEK1. Incubation of MCF-7AURKA and BT549 cells with the AURKA-specific inhibitors MLN8237 or MK8745 resulted in over a 2-fold increase in the level of pERK1/2 compared to the untreated controls. Treatment with the pan RAF inhibitor TAK-632 did not diminish MLN8237-induced pERK1/2, whereas treatment with the MEK1/2 specific inhibitor PD0325901 completely abrogated MLN8237-induced activation of ERK1/2. Conclusions: Our data present a novel AURKA-MEK1/2 interaction that contributes to the increased chemotaxis of breast cancer cells. The results suggest that AURKA negatively regulates MEK1 through a novel, direct phosphorylation event, possibly leading to constitutive activation of MEK2 and increased chemotaxis. The combined treatment of AURKA and MEK1/2 inhibitors represents a new therapeutic approach to decrease metastatic potential of breast cancer cells and delay tumor progression. The in-depth analysis of the AURKA-MEK1/2 complexes as well as in vivo studies testing the efficacy of combining AURKA and MEK1/2 inhibitors on patient-derived xenografts are currently in progress. Citation Format: Malgorzata Gil, Archana Chidambaram, Thaer Khoury, Kazuaki Takabe, Igor Puzanov, Irwin H. Gelman, Antonino B. D’Assoro, Evanthia Galanis, Mateusz Opyrchal. AURKA interaction with MEK1/2 complex and its role in promoting breast cancer cell metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Breast Cancer Research; 2017 Oct 7-10; Hollywood, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2018;16(8_Suppl):Abstract nr A60.
Food-First Approach to Enhance the Regulation of Post-exercise Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis and Remodeling.

Protein recommendations are provided on a daily basis as defined by the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) at 0.80 g protein/kg/day. However, meal-based, as opposed to daily, dietary protein recommendations are likely more informative given the role of the daily protein distribution pattern in modulating the post-exercise muscle protein synthetic response. Current protein meal recommendations to plateau post-exercise muscle protein synthesis rates are based on the ingestion of isolated protein sources, and not protein-rich whole foods. It is generally more common to eat whole food sources of dietary protein within a normal eating pattern to meet dietary protein requirements. Yet, there is a need to define how dietary protein action on muscle protein synthesis rates can be modulated by other nutrients within a food matrix to achieve protein requirements for optimal muscle adaptations. Recent developments suggest that the identification of an “optimal” protein source should likely consider the characteristics of the protein and the food matrix in which it is consumed. This review aims to discuss recent concepts related to protein quality, and the potential interactive effects of the food matrix, to achieve optimal protein requirements and elicit a robust postprandial muscle protein synthetic response with an emphasis on the post-exercise recovery window.
Characterization of Rotating Detonation Engine Injector Response Using Laser-Induced Fluorescence

Rotating detonation engine (RDE) fuel injector response was characterized in a lab-scale linear testing platform. The experimental design consists of a linear extrusion of an RDE cross section and ...
Cadaveric Dissection in Relation to Problem-Based Learning Case Sequencing: A Report of Medical Student Musculoskeletal Examination Performances and Self-Confidence

Mercer University School of Medicine utilizes a problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum for educating medical students in the basic clinical sciences. In 2014, an adjustment was piloted that enabled PBL cases to align with their corresponding cadaver dissection that reviewed the content of anatomy contained in the PBL cases. Faculty had the option of giving PBL cases in sequence with the cadaveric dissection schedule (sequential group) or maintaining PBL cases out of sequence with dissections (traditional group). During this adjustment, students' academic performances were compared. Students' perception of their own preparedness for cadaveric dissection, their perceived utility of the cadaver dissections, and free-response comments were solicited via an online survey. There were no statistically significant differences when comparing student mean examination score values between the sequential and traditional groups on both multidisciplinary examinations (79.39 ± 7.63 vs. 79.88 ± 7.31, P = 0.738) and gross anatomy questions alone (78.15 ± 10.31 vs. 79.98 ± 9.31, P = 0.314). A statistically significant difference was found between the sequential group's and traditional group's (63% vs. 29%; P = 0.005) self-perceived preparedness for cadaveric dissections in the 2017 class. Analysis of free-response comments found that students in the traditional group believed their performance in PBL group, participation in PBL group and examination performance was adversely affected when compared to students with the sequential schedule. This study provides evidence that cadaveric dissections scheduled in sequence with PBL cases can lead to increased student self-confidence with learning anatomy but may not lead to improved examination scores.
Amoris Laetitia a Turning Point: Cohabitation Revisited:

Cohabitation is an ever-increasing phenomenon in our human experience and human experience is a long-established source of knowledge for Catholic moral reflection and judgment. In this essay, inspi...
Does Public Opinion Constrain Presidential Unilateralism

Whether presidential unilateralism is normatively advantageous or parlous for American democracy may depend on the extent to which a check remains on its exercise and abuse. Because the formal institutional constraints on unilateral action are weak, an emerging literature argues that the most important checks on unilateralism may be political, with public opinion playing a pivotal role. However, existing scholarship offers little systematic evidence that public opinion constrains unilateral action. To fill this gap, we use vector autoregression with Granger-causality tests to examine the relationship between presidential approval and executive orders. Contra past speculation that presidents increasingly issue executive orders as a last resort when their stock of political capital is low, we find that rising approval ratings increase the frequency of major unilateral action. Low approval ratings, by contrast, limit the exercise of unilateral power.
Adult Congenital Heart Disease: Current Early Expectations After Cardiac Transplantation.

Background Early mortality has plagued the otherwise good outcomes of heart transplantation in patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD), but perioperative care is improving. This study sought to identify risk factors for 1-year mortality currently and examine the results of patients without those risk factors compared with patients who did not have ACHD (nACHD). Methods The United Network of Organ Sharing database was searched for all adult (>17 years of age) heart transplant recipients from 2000 to 2018. They were divided into an early era and a late era. A multivariate analysis identified risk factors for 1-year mortality in the late era. Patients without these risk factors were compared with the nACHD group by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results A total of 495 patients with ACHD were identified from 2000 to 2008, and 666 were identified from 2009 to 2018. The recent era had better 1-year survival (P Conclusions Patients with ACHD had better early and long-term outcomes in the recent era. When only 1 of 3 pretransplant risk factors for early mortality was present, patients had survival equal to that of nACHD patients and perhaps better long-term survival.
Printed paper-based (bio)sensors: Design, fabrication and applications

Abstract The development and implementation of paper-based sensing devices rely on the ability to mass-produce these platforms at a low cost and in large quantities. This chapter describes the most commonly used printing methods to fabricate paper-based sensors and biosensors with embedded chemical and biological recognition elements and physical transducers. Methods to produce consumer-ready prototypes that are easy-to-use, affordable and accessible are described with examples of applications in the clinical, food and environmental monitoring fields.
Subclinical Chronic Kidney Injury is Common in Adolescent and Young Adult Patients with Fontan Circulation: Results of a Urinary Biomarker Study

Background: Surgical palliation of single ventricle congenital heart disease (CHD) is associated with peri-operative risk of acute kidney injury. While overt chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adolescent and young adult patients with Fontan circulation is rare, the presence of subclinical chronic kidney injury in this population has not been investigated. Methods: Single-center prospective cohort study of patients with Fontan circulation (Fontan) and biventricular CHD (control) scheduled for elective cardiac catheterization. Urine and blood samples were …
Normative Measurements of the Craniocervical Junction on Imaging

The craniocervical junction extends from the basiocciput to the second cervical interspace. This chapter reviews the normative measurements of the craniovertebral junction. In particular, the various lines and angles for quantitatively describing the craniovertebral junction that can be obtained on imaging are illustrated. Examples of how these measurements can be used to characterize congenital and acquired abnormalities are also depicted. The focus of this chapter is on computed tomography (CT), but many of the measurements can be adapted to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), particularly T1-weighted images. However, normal values reported for craniocervical relationships on CT can be significantly different from the accepted ranges of normal on plain radiographs.
On the role of (and threat to) natural history museums in mammal conservation: an African small mammal perspective

The global environment is faced with growing threats from anthropogenic disturbance, propelling the Earth into a 6th mass extinction. For the world's mammals, this is reflected in the fact that 25% of species are threatened with some risk of extinction. During this time of species loss and environmental alteration, the world's natural history museums (NHMs) are uniquely poised to provide novel insight into many aspects of conservation. This review seeks to provide evidence of the importance of NHMs to mammal conservation, how arguments against continued collecting of physical voucher specimens is counterproductive to these efforts, and to identify additional threats to collecting with a particular focus on small mammals across Africa. NHMs contribute unique data for assessing mammal species conservation status through the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) Red List of Threatened species. However, NHMs' contributions to mammal conservation go well beyond supporting the IUCN Red List, with studies addressing topics such as human impacts, climate change, genetic diversity, disease, physiology, and biodiversity education. Increasing and diverse challenges, both domestic and international, highlight the growing threats facing NHMs, especially in regards to the issue of lethally sampling individuals for the purpose of creating voucher specimens. Such arguments are counterproductive to conservation efforts and tend to reflect the moral opposition of individual researchers than a true threat to conservation. The need for continued collecting of holistic specimens of all taxa across space and time could not be more urgent, especially for underexplored biodiversity hotspots facing extreme threats such as the Afrotropics.
AAAPT Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Thoracic Surgery Pain.

Abstract Patients undergoing thoracic surgery experience particular challenges for acute pain management. Availability of standardized diagnostic criteria for identification of acute pain after thoracotomy and video assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) would provide a foundation for evidence-based management and facilitate future research. The Analgesic, Anesthetic, and Addiction Clinical Trial Translations, Innovations, Opportunities, and Networks (ACTTION) public-private partnership with the United States Food and Drug Administration, the American Pain Society (APS), and the American Academy of Pain Medicine (AAPM) formed the ACTTION-APS-AAPM Pain Taxonomy (AAAPT) initiative to address absence of acute pain diagnostic criteria. A multidisciplinary working group of pain experts was invited to develop diagnostic criteria for acute thoracotomy and VATS pain. The working group used available studies and expert opinion to characterize acute pain after thoracotomy and VATS using the 5-dimension taxonomical structure proposed by AAAPT (i.e., core diagnostic criteria, common features, modulating factors, impact/functional consequences, and putative mechanisms). The resulting diagnostic criteria will serve as the starting point for subsequent empirically validated criteria. Perspective Item This article characterizes acute pain after thoracotomy and VATS using the 5-dimension taxonomical structure proposed by AAAPT (ie, core diagnostic criteria, common features, modulating factors, impact and/or functional consequences, and putative mechanisms).
Menuju Gereja Apostolik Transformatif

Peter Wagner, as an expert on church growth, stated that the Apostolic church is a church that is experiencing rapid growth. This claim is made because many Apostolic churches have been built around the world. The church continued the spirit of the apostles at the time of the early church's birth. However, it is important to conduct an in-depth study regarding the realization in the field; whether a thriving Apostolic church is carrying out God's mission or the personal ambition of a charismatic church leader. This study analyzes how the church which is said to be an Apostolic church runs its organization so that it experiences significant growth. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The researcher tries to explore the phenomena and data obtained through respondents about the transformative apostolic church that was developed in the ministry of the Indonesian Bethel Church of Gatot Subroto. In conclusion, GBI Gatot Subroto is a transformative apostolic church, because of several things, such as a visionary church, senior pastors or mentor pastors as apostolic leaders, divine authority and the work of the Holy Spirit have an impact, the church as a center for leadership training and discipleship across generations implements apostolic ministry followed by other gifts/services, prioritizing mission, and focusing on the Kingdom of God. Abstrak Peter Wagner, sebagai salah satu ahli pertumbuhan gereja, menyatakan bahwa gereja Apostolik adalah gereja yang mengalami pertumbuhan secara pesat. Klaim ini disampaikan karena banyak-nya terbangun gereja-gereja beraliran Apostolik di seluruh dunia. Gereja tersebut melanjutkan semangat para rasul pada masa lahirnya gereja mula-mula. Namun, penting untuk dilakukan kajian mendalam terkait realisasi di lapangan; apakah gereja Apostolik yang berkembang menja-lankan misi Allah atau ambisi pribadi dari pemimpin gereja yang berkharismatik. Penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana gereja yang dikatakan sebagai gereja Apostolik menjalankan organisa-sinya, sehingga mengalami pertumbuhan yang signifikan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Peneliti berusaha mengeksplorasi fenomena dan data-data yang diperoleh melalui responden tentang gereja apostolik transformatif yang dikembangkan dalam pelayanan Gereja Bethel Indonesia Gatot Subroto. Kesimpu-lannya, GBI Gatot Subroto adalah gereja apostolik transformatif, karena beberapa hal, seperti: gereja yang visioner, gembala senior atau gembala pembina sebagai pemimpin kerasulan, otoritas Ilahi dan pekerjaan Roh Kudus berdampak, gereja sebagai pusat pelatihan kepemimpinan dan pemuridan lintas generasi, menerap-kan jawatan rasuli diikuti karunia-karunia/jawatan lainnya, memprioritaskan misi, dan berfokus pada Kerajaan Allah.
Epigenetic reprogramming ameliorates type 1 diabetes by decreasing the generation of Th1 and Th17 subsets and restoring self-tolerance in CD4+ T cells

The histone modifier Trichostatin A (TSA) ameliorated diabetes and repressed IFN-{gamma} and IL-17A expression in prediabetic female NOD mice. Purified CD4+ cells could be polarized ex vivo into Th1 and Th17 subsets, which comparably transferred diabetes into NOD.scid mice. Polarized Th1 cells were devoid of IL-17A-producing cells and did not transdifferentiate into Th17 cells in an immunodeficient environment. However, Th17 cells had contaminant Th1 cells, which expressed IFN-{gamma} upon adoptive transfer into lymphopenic recipients. Notably, TSA treatment abrogated the transfer of diabetes by CD4+ T-cells cultured under Th1 or Th17 polarizing conditions accompanied by the absence of Ifng and Il17a expression in NOD.scid recipients. Significantly, the histone modifier restored the ability of CD4+ but not CD8+ T-cells to undergo CD3-mediated apoptosis ex vivo in a caspase-dependent manner. Thus, the histone modifier afforded protection against autoimmune diabetes by negative regulation of signature lymphokines and restitution of self-tolerance in CD4+ T cells.
Bottlenecks: A New Theory of Equal Opportunity - Preface to the Chinese Edition

This preface to the Chinese edition of Bottlenecks: A New Theory of Equal Opportunity briefly introduces the concept of a bottleneck and the machinery of the theory, and discusses a number of applications particularly relevant to Chinese society, including questions about educational testing, the household registration system, and the nation's political elite.
Design of dielectric resonator antenna array excited by waveguide probes

Waveguide-fed phased antenna arrays are typically used in high frequency applications. The paper proposes a design procedure for probe-fed dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) arrays using equivalent circuit modeling for the feeding network, to exploit the features of circuit simulators in the array synthesis problem. From the desired specifications of the radiation pattern, the adopted synthesis technique is used to determine the relative feeding currents of the DRA array elements. Then using optimization, the equivalent circuit parameters are determined and are subsequently interpreted as physical dimensions and positions of the probes. The results obtained assuming that the DRAs are isolated are compared to those obtained taking into consideration the external mutual coupling, showing that the radiation pattern and the scattering parameters are not significantly affected by the external coupling.
Modified Two-Phase System for Partition of Bacillus macerans Spores

An aqueous two-phase system made with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000 and potassium phosphate gives much higher recovery of Bacillus macerans spores in the upper phase (PEG rich) than does a similar system utilizing PEG 4000. The upper phase completely rejects vegetative cells, which collect at the interface. The system may be useful in purifying spores of other species. Scanning electron micrographs of B. macerans spores cleaned in this system show no obvious attached sporangial fragments. The micrographs show that the ridged coat may form polygonal structures at the poles, as previously observed in Bacillus polymyxa spores.