cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A simulation approach for medical manufacturing process improvement

ABC Medical Manufacturing is a medical product development, assembly, and packaging company that has a paper-based method to track jobs through their assembly process. The paperwork often has errors, which can delay manufacturing steps and shipment, and cause the company to lose time and money. The project team conducted an in-depth analysis of the company's production process to look for areas of improvement. Through statistical analyses of data provided by the company, the team established error categorization, location, and probability of occurrence. To address this situation, the project team diagrammed the company's manufacturing floor and created a list of issues within each step of the manufacturing process as well as potential solutions to these problems. The team created a simulation of the manufacturing process and used this tool to analyze potential process changes to decrease the number of employee hours wasted in order to fix discrepancies. The simulation was created using probabilities based on assumptions that the management team and project team worked through together. The simulation helped visually represent what jobs create the most errors, how many errors occur per month, and how much money the company loses on time spent correcting the errors. Implementing a total quality management (TQM) system would conservatively reduce error counts by 71.3%. Implementing a start quantity to ABC's electronic system would conservatively reduce mean hours wasted from 22.60 to 21.73 hours per month and mean salary lost from $519.82 to $499.80 per month. Using insights from the simulation, the project team then coordinated with management to decide whether error counts or hours wasted and salary lost were more important to address. Currently, ABC is considering implementing a TQM system in order to decrease the number of errors each month.
The influence of fatigue on human performance: Meta-analysis of sleep deprivation effect on performance measures

This paper proposes a method for using meta-analysis to evaluate sleep deprivation effects on performance measures, e.g. reaction time and accuracy, to assess the quantitative relationship between fatigue and performance. The meta-analysis of twenty-six studies reports that the average person in a non-sleep-deprived (control) condition performs 93% better than individuals in the sleep deprived (test) condition.
Trust-aware Privacy-Preserving Recommender System

Recommender systems have achieved great success in providing product recommendations for online shopping. With recommender systems, customers can find their interested merchandise in a timely manner. It not only facilitates customers' purchases, but also promotes sales. While recommender systems can predict customers' preferences accurately, they suffer from privacy leakage in many aspects.In this paper, we study an attack model in centralized recommender systems and present a privacy-preserving recommendation framework to neutralize such attack. In this model, an attacker holds some of the real customers' ratings and attempts to obtain their private preferences. The proposed framework is based on the weighted nonnegative matrix tri-factorization technique. It utilizes customers' trustworthiness to filter out unrelated ratings so that their privacy can be preserved. We performed experiments on two different datasets with respect to recommendation precision and privacy preservation level. The results demonstrate that our recommender system can distinguish between real customers and attackers to a great extent without compromising the prediction accuracy.
The Impact of P2Y-Mediated Activation on Release of Angiogenic Proteins by Platelets from Healthy Individuals.

Abstract The storage and release by platelets of the pro-angiogenic protein, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the anti-angiogenic protein, endostatin may influence not only wound healing but also tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. The intra-platelet mechanisms and platelet activators that control angiogenic protein release are incompletely elucidated. Previous work demonstrated that the proteinase-activated receptors (PARs), PAR-1 and PAR-4 differentially impact platelet release of these angiogenic proteins (Ma et al., PNAS 102:216). We determined the influence of the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptors, P2Y1 and P2Y12 on platelet release of VEGF and endostatin. Minimally altered whole blood from healthy volunteers was incubated with ADP alone [12.5 μM] or in combination with a reversible P2Y1 antagonist [MRS2179 (1.25 mM)] or a reversible P2Y12 antagonist [cangrelor (1mM)]. VEGF and endostatin release was measured with the use of an ELISA assay. ADP-induced activation of platelets increased the concentration of VEGF released by an average of 19.7 +/− 14 ng/mL (p= 0.019) but did not change the concentration of endostatin. Inhibition of the P2Y12 receptor prevented the ADP mediated release of VEGF and decreased VEGF release by 27.9 +/− 14 ng/ml (p=0.005) whereas inhibition of the P2Y1 receptor did not significantly reduce the release of VEGF (p=0.3, mean decrease 14.3 +/− 30 ng/ml) relative to ADP stimulated control. In summary, ADP-induced activation of platelets leads to the release of VEGF but not endostatin. Release of VEGF is attenuated by a P2Y12 but not a P2Y1 receptor antagonist. Accordingly, activation of platelets by ADP appears to be pro-angiogenic and inhibition by a P2Y12 antagonist should attenuate this effect.
The Legitimation Crisis of Fordism: Ideological and Cultural Contradictions

This chapter probes salient ideological and cultural aspects of regulated capitalism. Presented through reviews of the ideas of Antonio Gramsci, Talcott Parsons, and Daniel Bell, these characteristics mandated the creation of a new will-formation that allowed the submission of the working class to the requirements of Fordist production. Additionally, the structuralist critique of Fordist cultural arrangements and Jurgen Habermas theory of the crisis of regulated capitalism are presented. The chapter continues by illustrating the contradictions of regulated capitalism will-formation. Following Habermas theory, it is argued that the culture and ideology of Fordism were incompatible with the requirements of capitalism and could not be upheld through state intervention. The state was unable to maintain mass loyalty while promoting the conditions necessary for the expansion of the economy.
Agriculture flood mapping with Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) data: A case of 2016 Louisiana flood

Agriculture is one of the most affected sectors by the flood. Spaceborn remote sensing is widely used for flood mapping and monitoring in recent decades. Some applications such as flood crop loss assessment require data with fine temporal resolution to monitor short-lived flood. MODIS is providing remote sensing data with 1–2 days temporal resolution which has frequently been used for flood mapping for a large area. However, incapability to penetrate through the cloud hindered the application of optical remote sensing in flood mapping in many cases. Thus, radar remote sensing especially synthetic aperture radar (SAR) already shows the capability for the flood mapping in cloud condition. However, monitoring of short-lived flood is not possible using freely available SAR data because of the long revisit capacity of these SAR systems. Therefore, microwave remote sensing with fine temporal resolution might be helpful for flood inundation mapping. Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) is a microwave remote sensing initiative which is providing 3-hourly soil moisture data. Therefore, this study tries to map agriculture flood based on SMAP soil moisture data and soil physical properties. Soil moisture above the filed capacity might be the indication of soil inundation. Moreover, It has been observed that there is an increment in soil moisture during the flood. Therefore, this approach considered three conditions to map the flooded pixel: a minimum of 0.05 increment in soil moisture, a soil moisture threshold 0.40 (moisture above the field capacity) and the 72 consecutive hours. To avoid the random increment in soil moisture a 3-day moving window is applied to the time series data. The flood map extracted from SMAP data is validated with FEMA declared inundated crop land. The overall accuracy is 60% and about 32% of commission error. The over estimation of the flood by SMAP data due to the coarse spatial resolution (9km) of SMAP data.
Relationship Between Institutional Standardized Letter of Evaluation Global Assessment Ranking Practices, Interviewing Practices, and Medical Student Outcomes.

Background Emergency medicine (EM) program directors rely largely on the standardized letter of evaluation (SLOE) to help determine which applicants to interview in the face of an increasing number of applications. To further characterize the SLOE's role in the EM application process, particularly the global assessment (GA) ranking and its effect on interviewing practices and medical student outcomes, the leaders of EM programs were surveyed regarding their experiences in both generating and utilizing the SLOE. Methods Individuals on the Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors (CORD) and Clerkship Directors in Emergency Medicine (CDEM) Academy listservs were anonymously surveyed from March 21-30, 2015, with 18 questions in multiple-choice and fill-in-the-blank formats. Results There were 99 respondents. Only 39 respondents (39%) reported adhering strictly to SLOE guidelines by evenly placing their students into thirds (top, middle, lower) on the SLOE GA. Most respondents interviewed individuals ranked in the lower third. Programs adhering strictly to ranking guidelines were more likely to interview students in the lower third than those adhering loosely or not at all. There was no relationship between a program's self-reported adherence to the SLOE ranking guidelines and the number of unmatched students in EM during the 2014 and 2015 academic years. Conclusion Many SLOE writers do not strictly adhere to CORD's SLOE writing guidelines when using the GA ranking, due to the fear of adversely impacting an applicant's ability to successfully match into EM. This calls into question the validity of the SLOE as it is currently used. However, this study suggests that adhering to recommended SLOE ranking guidelines is unlikely to substantially increase the risk that students will fail to match. If more evaluators were to adhere to the guidelines, the SLOE could become the valid evaluation instrument that graduate medical education has long been pursuing.
Undermining ribosomal RNA transcription in both the nucleolus and mitochondrion: an offbeat approach to target MYC-driven cancer

The MYC transcription factor coordinates, via different RNA polymerases, the transcription of both ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein genes necessary for nucleolar as well as mitochondrial ribogenesis. In this study we tested if MYC-coordination of rRNA transcription in the nucleolus and in the mitochondrion drives (cancer) cell proliferation. Here we show that the anti-proliferative effect of CX-5461, a Pol I inhibitor of rRNA transcription, in ovarian (cancer) cell contexts characterized by MYC overexpression is enhanced either by 2'-C-Methyl Adenosine (2'-C-MeA), a ribonucleoside that inhibits POLRMT mitochondrial rRNA (mt-rRNA) transcription and doxycycline, a tetracycline known to affect mitochondrial translation. Thus, hindering not only mt-rRNA transcription, but also mitoribosome function in MYC-overexpressing ovarian (cancer) cells, potentiates the antiproliferative effect of CX-5461. Targeting MYC-regulated rRNA transcription and ribogenesis in both the nucleolus and mitochondrion seems to be a novel approach worth of consideration for treating MYC-driven cancer.
Competitive Balance in the NBA Playoffs

The uncertainty-of-outcome hypothesis suggests that, subject to a rooting-interest constraint, fans prefer competitive sporting events with uncertain outcomes. In a logical extension of that prefer...
Packaging for Citrus Juices

Packaging is usually referred to as the container holding a specific product. It is more accurate to refer to a packaging system, since many components are used together to make a package able to meet the needs of a product. A packaging system must meet four specific objectives:• to protect the product• to extend product shelf life• to communicate the product to the customer• to be convenient to the customerA packaging system has many components and several levels of packaging. For example, a packaging system must include a shipping container where inside packaging units are found, which usually group a certain amount of individual packages. Only the retail size of a packaging system will be addressed for the purpose of this article.Paper published with permission.Compilation Copyright © 2018 ASME
Use of the pylorus for preventing ileostomy complications. An experimental canine study.

PURPOSE: Conventional ileostomy, as it is well known, presents with persistent watery diarrhea, among other complications. The present-day modified methods of conventional ileostomy cannot effectively prevent these unpleasant consequences. The purpose of this study was to try to use the sphincter mechanism of the pylorus in ileostomy in dogs experimentally to prevent the above symptoms. METHOD: Following a highly selective vagotomy, the antrum with the pylorous and a 3-cm segment of the duodenum were separated from the gastrointestinal tract along with its vasculature and innervation, and the distal duodenal end was closed. Then, the terminal loop of ileum (before an ileostomy was performed) was dissected, and the distal segment was anastomosed with the proximal end of duodenum; the proximal segment of this loop was anastomosed with the stump of the antrum. The gastrointestinal continuity was established by anastomosis of the gastric stump to the first loop of the jejunum. RESULTS: After the procedure, the sphincter mechanism of the pylorus was preserved, and bowel movements became solid and infrequent, so a colostomy bag could be applied consistently. CONCLUSIONS: Similarity of anatomy and physiology of the alimentary tract in dogs and humans favors possible application of this procedure to humans, with better results than with conventional ileostomy.
The Design of Hyperbolic Paraboloids

The usual name for this type of surface, the saddle, comes from its similarity with that of conventional saddles for horseback riding. This type of hyperbolic paraboloid forms one continuous surface, which distinguishes it from other such applications that are attained by combining different parts of hyperbolic paraboloids. The saddle-type hyperbolic paraboloid structure has no joint lines marking the connections of different parts and has a unified flow without lines of discontinuity. This structure is a portion of a larger surface form. Its perimeter is constituted of straight lines that in space are skewed but if projected on a horizontal plan would generate a square.
Assumptions, Shortcomings, and Future Research

CYCLOPS’ approach makes several assumptions and its current implementation has several shortcomings. In the future, a list of issues will have to be tackled, among them are: Hierarchical approach. CYCLOPS views designs as consistent labeling problems. The representation is flat and and all at one level of detail, making it very difficult to tackle large problems. If a landscape problem which required locating a hundred houses on a large landscape, the combinatorial explosion could grind any computer down to a halt. On the other hand, if we divided the hundred houses into clusters and grouped clusters into neighborhoods, we could design at different levels of abstraction. One of the biggest challenges in developing a hierarchical algorithm for Consistent Labeling Optimization Problems is to find some way of assuring non-dominance of generated solutions; a non-dominated solution at one level of abstraction is not guaranteed to remain non-dominated at lower levels of abstraction.
Collaborative Public Health Surveillance Strategies to Address Local Health Needs

IntroductionThis presentation will review the current strategies being used by health care delivery systems across the US to incorporate via linkage, publicly available data assets. The discussion will focus on lessons learned with a specific emphasis of collaborations between health systems to address the opioid crisis. Objectives and ApproachTo review ongoing strategies to incorporate local, publicly available data assets to clinical data assets that health systems have for purposes of collaborations with public health surveillance. The emphasis of the discussion presented will be in the data strategies that local health departments and health care delivery systems have used to address the opioid crisis in the US. This presentation will propose strategies to be explored and bring forth concerns about data fairness, accountability and transparency when collaborations for public health surveillance are in place. ResultsThe presentation will discuss the experiences learned in specific regions in the United States. The main results will center around assessing the effectiveness of current strategies to share and analyze data across health care delivery systems and local agencies and government partners. The lessons learned of what works and what hasn't will be discussed in light of the ongoing epidemic of opioid use and drug overdose deaths in the United States. Finally the presentation will present strategies that could be explored for collaborative public health surveillance that address issues and concers of fairness, accountability and transparency. Conclusion/ImplicationsThe implications of this report and presentation is that ongoing data linkage and sharing strategies have been -for the most part- insufficient to enable delivery systems and local public health departments and government address rising epidemiological concerns. The proposed strategies complement what is being done and advance data-driven public health
How many lymph nodes are enough?-defining the extent of lymph node dissection in stage I-III gastric cancer using the National Cancer Database.

Background: Surgical resection with lymph node dissection is the primary therapeutic modality for gastric cancer. National Cancer Database (NCDB) was used to determine the extent of lymph nodes (LNs) dissection for gastric cancer. Methods: The NCDB was queried from 2004–2013 for patients with margin-negative, invasive resected gastric cancer. The optimal number of LNs dissected was determined using a univariate χ 2 cut-point analysis. Multiple sensitivity analyses were utilized to decrease bias. Results: A total of 17,851 patients were included. For all patients, the optimal number of LNs needed to be examined was 20+ nodes. When correcting for stage migration ( 10% positive dissected LNs (P<0.05). Conclusions: The extent of dissected lymph nodes of 20 or greater lymph nodes was associated with superior survival. Extended LN dissection is to be considered especially in patients with clinical lymphadenopathy.
Democratic Education: A Matter of Institutional Conscience and Skills:

Educating for democracy has captured the imagination of many people in higher education, but is it occurring on campus? If not, why not? What steps can we take to move democratic values education b...
Ambient air pollution and children’s cognitive outcomes

Ambient air pollution remains a serious public health concern, with growing literature linking higher concentrations to adverse health effects among children. Preliminary biological, epidemiological, and econometric studies suggest that ambient air pollutants may exhibit neurotoxic effects which are crucial to examine during childhood while the central nervous system is still developing. This study uses rich longitudinal data on a national sample of children in the U.S. to examine the relationship between exposure to ambient air pollution and children’s cognitive outcomes. Our results suggest that annual and cumulative measures of air pollution during third grade were significantly associated with lower math test scores. These associations may not be due to short-term effects, but may be partially explained by increased school absences throughout the year. Examining child characteristics provide further insight into the role of exposure differences, biological differences, and vulnerability to effects. Results also suggest that time spent exercising outdoors may increase exposure and the impact of ozone on test scores is not only through exacerbation of asthma symptoms, but potentially through other decreased health, increased fatigue, or a direct neurodegenerative effect.
Crystal structure of human mitochondrial trifunctional protein, a fatty acid β-oxidation metabolon.

Membrane-bound mitochondrial trifunctional protein (TFP) catalyzes β-oxidation of long chain fatty acyl-CoAs, employing 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECH), 3-hydroxyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD), and 3-ketothiolase (KT) activities consecutively. Inherited deficiency of TFP is a recessive genetic disease, manifesting in hypoketotic hypoglycemia, cardiomyopathy, and sudden death. We have determined the crystal structure of human TFP at 3.6-A resolution. The biological unit of the protein is α2β2. The overall structure of the heterotetramer is the same as that observed by cryo-EM methods. The two β-subunits make a tightly bound homodimer at the center, and two α-subunits are bound to each side of the β2 dimer, creating an arc, which binds on its concave side to the mitochondrial innermembrane. The catalytic residues in all three active sites are arranged similarly to those of the corresponding, soluble monofunctional enzymes. A structure-based, substrate channeling pathway from the ECH active site to the HAD and KT sites is proposed. The passage from the ECH site to the HAD site is similar to those found in the two bacterial TFPs. However, the passage from the HAD site to the KT site is unique in that the acyl-CoA intermediate can be transferred between the two sites by passing along the mitochondrial inner membrane using the hydrophobic nature of the acyl chain. The 3′-AMP-PPi moiety is guided by the positively charged residues located along the “ceiling” of the channel, suggesting that membrane integrity is an essential part of the channel and is required for the activity of the enzyme.
Utility of a novel simulator paradigm in the assessment of driving ability in individuals with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

This study aimed to evaluate the utility of a novel, more cost-effective driving simulator, Assetto Corsa (AC), in detecting differences in driving performance between individuals with and without ADHD. Driving simulators are a useful means of assessing driving performance in those with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, they are frequently expensive and thus unavailable to many researchers. A total of 87 participants (16 with ADHD, 71 without) completed an AC driving simulator task. They also completed computerized measures of attention and executive functioning and a questionnaire assessing self-reported driving behaviors and anger, ADHD and related symptoms, and mind wandering. Relative to those without ADHD, participants with ADHD reached higher average ground speeds and more greatly utilized the throttle. They also applied higher maximum pressure to the throttle and brake pedals. Within the full sample, greater mind wandering was associated with average and maximum throttle pressure and maximum ground speed. Findings confirm prior works indicative of a deleterious effect of ADHD diagnosis on simulator performance and may be attributed to a combination of impulsivity and mind wandering.
Maximizing Top-down Constraints for Unification-based Systems

A left-corner parsing algorithm with top-down filtering has been reported to show very efficient performance for unification-based systems. However, due to the nontermination of parsing with left-recursive grammars, top-down constraints must be weakened. In this paper, a general method of maximizing top-down constraints is proposed. The method provides a procedure to dynamically compute *restrictor*, a minimum set of features involved in an infinite loop for every propagation path; thus top-down constraints are maximally propagated.
Effect of red blood cell storage duration on major postoperative complications in cardiac surgery: A randomized trial.

Abstract Background Although observational studies suggest an association between transfusion of older red blood cell (RBC) units and increased postoperative risk, randomized trials have not supported this. The objective of this randomized trial was to test the effect of RBC storage age on outcomes after cardiac surgery. Methods From July 2007 to May 2016, 3835 adults undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, cardiac valve procedures, or ascending aorta repair, either alone or in combination, were randomized to transfusion of RBCs stored for ≤14 days (younger units) or for ≥20 days (older units) intraoperatively and throughout the postoperative hospitalization. According to protocol, 2448 patients were excluded because they did not receive RBC transfusions. Among the remaining 1387 modified intent-to-treat patients, 701 were randomized to receive younger RBC units (median age, 11 days) and the remaining 686 to receive older units (median age, 25 days). The primary endpoint was composite morbidity and mortality, analyzed using a generalized estimating equation (GEE) model. The trial was discontinued midway owing to enrollment constraints. Results A total of 5470 RBC units were transfused, including 2783 in the younger RBC storage group and 2687 in the older RBC storage group. The GEE average relative-effect odds ratio was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50-1.19; P = .083) for the composite morbidity and mortality endpoint. In-hospital mortality was lower for the younger RBC storage group (2.1% [n = 15] vs 3.4% [n = 23]), as was occurrence of other adverse events except for atrial fibrillation, although all CIs crossed 1.0. Conclusions This clinical trial, which was stopped at its midpoint owing to enrollment constraints, supports neither the efficacy nor the futility of transfusing either younger or older RBC units. The effects of transfusing RBCs after even more prolonged storage (35-42 days) remains untested.
Characteristics of swimming shelled Antarctic pteropods ( Limacina helicina antarctica ) at intermediate Reynolds number regime

Shelled Antarctic pteropods (aquatic snails nicknamed ``sea butterflies'') swim with a pair of parapodia (or ``wings'') in a high efficiency propulsion regime when the Reynolds number based on the flapping exceeds 35.
TCR Dependent Metabolic Programming Regulates Autocrine IL-4 Production Resulting in Self-Tuning of the CD8+ T Cell Activation Setpoint.

The ability of T cells to sense and respond to environmental cues by altering their functional capabilities is critical for a safe and optimally protective immune response. One of the important properties that contributes to this goal is the activation set-point of the T cell. Here we report a new pathway through which TCR transgenic OT-I CD8+ T cells can self-tune their activation threshold. We find that in the presence of a strong TCR engagement event there is a shift in the metabolic programming of the cell where both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation are significantly increased. This diverges from the switch to a predominantly glycolytic profile that would be predicted following naive T cell activation. Our data suggest this altered metabolic program results in the production of autocrine IL-4. Both metabolic pathways are required for this cytokine to be made. IL-4 signaling in the activated OT-I CD8+ T cell results in modulation of the sensitivity of the cell, establishing a higher activation setpoint that is maintained over time. Together these data demonstrate a novel mechanism for the regulation of IL-4 production in CD8+ T cells. Further, they reveal a new pathway for the self-tuning of peptide sensitivity. Finally, these studies uncover an unexpected role for oxidative phosphorylation in regulating differentiation in these cells.
Analyzing and Improving Generative Adversarial Training for Generative Modeling and Out-of-Distribution Detection

Generative adversarial training (GAT) is a recently introduced adversarial defense method. Previous works have focused on empirical evaluations of its application to training robust predictive models. In this paper we focus on theoretical understanding of the GAT method and extending its application to generative modeling and out-of-distribution detection. We analyze the optimal solutions of the maximin formulation employed by the GAT objective, and make a comparative analysis of the minimax formulation employed by GANs. We use theoretical analysis and 2D simulations to understand the convergence property of the training algorithm. Based on these results, we develop an unconstrained GAT algorithm, and conduct comprehensive evaluations of the algorithm's application to image generation and adversarial out-of-distribution detection. Our results suggest that generative adversarial training is a promising new direction for the above applications.
Enhancement of photoluminescence of molecular emitters in a planar plasmonic nanocavity

Plasmonic nanoparticles can be used to engineer radiation decay of a dipole in close proximity to the surface of the particle. In this talk I will review our recent theoretical and experimental results on the enhancement and quenching of radiation from a dipole in close proximity to a silver or gold nanoparticle of a few different sizes. We apply the theory of radiation decay engineering to explain our recent experimental results of enhancement of exciton emission in a composite semiconductor thin film decorated with gold nanoparticles.
Voice through the lens: Personal experience of those on methadone.

With the rise of opioid deaths and methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) being the "gold standard," evidence lacks the quality of life for those on Methadone. Objective This study aimed to develop educational materials for communities and clinics about MMT and abstinence, utilizing the PhotoVoice technique to represent the voice of those on Methadone treatment (MMT) and abstinence for recovery from opioid use disorder (OUD). Participants shared firsthand experiences of life on Methadone and abstinence, resulting in a short video clip and a poster. Design Participants were recruited following meetings of Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous. An introduction letter was handed out, and questions were answered. After COVID-19 Pandemic, further communications were delivered through Email. Five participants on Methadone and four who were abstinent were recruited. Participants were 18 years and over, male and female, were on MMT or abstinent for 6 months or more. Results Common themes among participants were extracted and discussed with the participants and a short video clip and a poster were developed. Conclusion Further study in MMT from the patient's perspective need to be explored. The PhotoVoice project revealed personal barriers, while on Methadone, that impede a full and rich life spiritually, mentally, and physically.
Collection management for youth: equity, inclusion, and learning: 2nd ed., by Sandra Hughes-Hassell, Chicago, ALA Editions, 2020, 184pp., $116.50 (soft cover), ISBN: 978-0-8389-4750-0

Most would agree that a modern collection development policy needs to address issues of diversity. Hughes-Hassell takes this further and has created a fully formed description of what this should l...
Long-term Follow Up of Ileal Ureteral Replacement for Complex Ureteral Strictures: Single Institution Study.

Abstract Objective To report our 16-year experience with ileal ureter interposition for complex ureteral stricture. Ureteral reconstruction continues to evolve to include less invasive techniques to successfully manage ureteral stricture. However, long, complex, obliterative and especially radiated ureteral strictures are not amenable to less invasive techniques and may require Ileal ureter interposition. Materials and Methods Retrospective review of a single institution's ureteral reconstruction database was performed. Demographics, operative details, success rate, complication rate, and length of follow-up were noted. Unilateral replacements utilized ileal ureteral interposition. Success rate was defined as no need for further open intervention. Results Between 2003 and 2019, 188 ureteral reconstructions were performed, of which 46 required ileal ureter interposition. Of these 46 patients, 10 required bilateral reconstruction. Average age was 53 years, 26 (57%) were female. The average stricture length was 9.1 cm (2-20 cm). Stricture etiology included iatrogenic causes (n = 24, 52%), radiation causes (n = 12; 26%), vascular disease (n = 3; 7%), and idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (n = 3; 7%). Forty-three surgeries were performed by open abdominal approach; 3 were performed robotically. The average length of operation was 412 minutes, blood loss 417 mL and LOS was 10 days. At mean follow up of 4.4 years (1-16 years), overall success rate was 83%, with 17% (n = 8) patients requiring subsequent major surgery (5 successful ureteral revision, 3 nephrectomy) and 11 (24%) patients experiencing a major complication. Conclusion In our long-term follow up of over 4 years, ileal ureteral interposition remains a successful option for complex ureteral strictures in properly selected patients.
Computational analysis of alternative polyadenylation from standard RNA-seq and single-cell RNA-seq data.

Abstract Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a major mechanism of post-transcriptional regulation in various cellular processes including cell proliferation and differentiation. Since conventional APA profiling methods have not been widely adopted, global APA studies are very limited. In this chapter, we summarize current computational methods for analyzing APA in standard RNA-seq and scRNA-seq data and describe two state-of-the-art bioinformatic algorithms DaPars and scDaPars in detail. The bioinformatic pipelines for both DaPars and scDaPars are presented and the application of both algorithms are highlighted.
Spherical discrete element model for estimating the hydraulic conductivity and pore clogging of pervious concrete

Abstract Pervious concrete pavements have received increasing interest for stormwater management, especially with record-breaking extreme weather events, including floods. To efficiently direct stormwater, pervious concrete design should provide sufficient hydraulic conductivity that can be maintained over its service life. To study the impact of mixture parameters (aggregate gradation, aggregate-to-paste ratio, and porosity) on hydraulic conductivity and extent of clogging, an approximate model of pervious concrete as sphere packing was generated by the Discrete element method (DEM). The DEM was used in a Pore-scale finite volume (PFV) model to predict the hydraulic properties of pervious concrete. The model was validated with hydraulic conductivity results of seventy pervious concrete cylinders and then used to simulate the clogging of voids with sediments. At a sediment load rate of 0.1 kg/m2 with 0.25–1 mm particle size, the hydraulic conductivity of sphere packings at initial porosity of 20 and 30 % dropped by 66 and 56 %, respectively. The simulations showed that, at the same porosity, larger pore volume (formed by using larger aggregate size) results in a significant drop in permeability due to sediments accumulation.
837 Preliminary insights into the impact of tumor microbiome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous set of distinct malignancies. Recognized prognostic factors rely on clinical and biological features, consisting mainly of stage, site of disease, performance status, comorbidities, smoking history and human papilloma virus (HPV) status. However, patients clustered by these parameters still differ in their clinical behavior and therapy response. The impact of the tumor microbiome on human disease has been explored and discussed extensively. Evaluating the tumor microbiome is a promising new approach that could be used as a prognostic and predictive tool in HNSCC, with the potential for improved treatment options and better clinical outcomes. Methods We utilized The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to obtain RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data to identify microbes in HNSCC samples. We utilized ExoTIC, ”Exogenous sequences in Tumors and Immune cells,” a tool recently developed by Spakowicz et al. ExoTIC takes raw RNAseq reads and carefully aligns them to both human and non-human reference genomes to identify low-abundance microbes. We performed Cox proportional hazards regression to identify the microbes associated with overall survival (OS), controlling for age, stage, and smoking status. Results We evaluated 498 RNAseq samples from TCGA (table 1). ExoTIC identified 5838 microbes including bacteria, viruses and fungi, of which 330 were statistically associated with OS. Interestingly, 20% (n=100) of samples had HPV virus which was significantly associated with improved OS (HR 0.59, CI 0.4–0.9, p Conclusions We found the presence of certain microbes in tumor biopsies statistically correlated with OS in HNSCC patients. This supports further study into the presence and correlation of specific microbes with tumor subsite and outcomes. Assessing individual characteristics of a HNSCC subtype with its particular microenvironment (e.g., microbes) can lead to personalized treatment insights and improved outcomes. Our future research will validate and correlate the microbial profile of HNSCC subtypes with clinical outcomes retrospectively and prospectively.
Oxytocin modulates fMRI responses to facial expression in macaques

Increasing evidence has shown that oxytocin (OT), a mammalian hormone, modifies the way social stimuli are perceived and the way they affect behavior. Thus, OT may serve as a treatment for psychiatric disorders, many of which are characterized by dysfunctional social behavior. To explore the neural mechanisms mediating the effects of OT in macaque monkeys, we investigated whether OT would modulate functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses in face-responsive regions (faces vs. blank screen) evoked by the perception of various facial expressions (neutral, fearful, aggressive, and appeasing). In the placebo condition, we found significantly increased activation for emotional (mainly fearful and appeasing) faces compared with neutral faces across the face-responsive regions. OT selectively, and differentially, altered fMRI responses to emotional expressions, significantly reducing responses to both fearful and aggressive faces in face-responsive regions while leaving responses to appeasing as well as neutral faces unchanged. We also found that OT administration selectively reduced functional coupling between the amygdala and areas in the occipital and inferior temporal cortex during the viewing of fearful and aggressive faces, but not during the viewing of neutral or appeasing faces. Taken together, our results indicate homologies between monkeys and humans in the neural circuits mediating the effects of OT. Thus, the monkey may be an ideal animal model to explore the development of OT-based pharmacological strategies for treating patients with dysfunctional social behavior.
The Sociologies of Knowledge, Science, and Intellectuals: Distinctive Traditions and Overlapping Perspectives

This article reviews sociological approaches to the production, evaluation, and diffusion of knowledge in the arena of scholarly production – the sciences, social sciences, and humanities. At first glance, sociological approaches to scholarly knowledge production seem to congeal around the hard sciences, on the one hand, and philosophy, on the other. I eschew this polarization and construct an analytic frame of reference for analyzing the sociological dimensions of scholarly production more generally. This article maps successive phases of sociological approaches to scholarly production, by overlaying and distinguishing among theories in the sociology of knowledge, sociology of science, and sociology of intellectuals. I analyze classical theorists’ emphases on class analysis and the social function of intellectuals; mid-century adaptations of functionalism, social structure theory, and institutional theory to analyze intellectual and academic life; critical and reflexive theories, including feminist critiques of science and knowledge; recent emphases on how social movement politics and social networks influence intellectual change; theories of the university as a professional arena and a field of culture production; and studies of knowledge-making practices in group research situations. In addition to arguing for more theoretical and methodological precision in analyses of scholarly and scientific knowledge-making, I conclude with cautionary tales and future prospects for sociological studies of modern academic life.
Compiler-integrated program mutation

A method for integrating support for program mutation into a compiler is presented. The method is both efficient and sufficiently powerful to support program mutation software testing. Moreover, existing research suggests that this approach appears to be essential for the cost-effective application of program mutation to testing large commercial software systems. It is believed that a compiler-integrated approach will provide a significant increase in the efficiency of several existing testing tools and allow program mutation to be effectively used to test commercial software systems. >
Unified Aerosol Microphysics for NWP

Abstract : The long-term goal of this research is to develop a practical predictive capability for visibility and weather effects of aerosol particles over any region of the world for timely use in planning and executing DOD operations and activities. Specifically, the goal is to develop a COAMPS that is capable of simulating the full range of interactions between aerosol particles, clouds, and radiative transfer while remaining flexible, extensible and operationally practical. The fundamental predicted variables are the concentrations of those aerosol species that are responsible for degradation of Electro- Optical (EO) propagation or that modify cloud behavior and lifetime. The primary objective for this project is to design and implement a flexible and extensible mechanism into COAMPS that allows new scalar variables to be added and accessed with less effort, thus enabling new development of more complex cloud-aerosol interactions. The work on this project has been divided into two phases, an investigation phase followed by an implementation phase. Because upgrading scalar variable handling is a major change to a model s infrastructure, we decided to focus significant effort in the investigation phase to refine the requirements and evaluate a number of software designs. Another objective is the development of an aerosol microphysics library and emission inventories for use by COAMPS and other models. The final objective is a version of COAMPS configured to forecast the major aerosol species, yet suitable for operational use. The proposed capabilities will provide numerous opportunities to study and solve problems of interest to the Navy and DOD, as well as the climate community.
Temperament and Human Development

Temperament refers to early-appearing dispositions upon which personality is based, and research on temperament offers an important place to begin in the study of human development. Rather than seeing individual differences solely as the result of socialization, temperament research identifies basic dispositions toward affect, arousal, and attention that will be further shaped by experience in development. In this article, temperament is defined, a brief history is presented, current research is reviewed, and directions for the future are outlined.
Therapeutic plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin as primary therapy for D alloimmunization in pregnancy precludes the need for intrauterine transfusion.

Background Maternal D alloimmunization detected in early gestation requires aggressive intervention to prevent severe fetal anemia. An intrauterine transfusion (IUT) is indicated to prevent fetal death once severe fetal anemia has been detected, but is not without risk. Protocols combining therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) have been described, but they usually bridge to IUT. Study Design and Methods We describe a 27-year-old G4, P0-1-2-0 Caucasian female with a history of ruptured ectopic pregnancy presented at 12 weeks' gestation with a very high anti-D titer (2048). TPE was performed on that week and twice more in the following week, with a fourth final exchange during Week 14. A loading dose of IVIG (2 g/kg) was administered over 2 days after the third TPE and then 1 g/kg per week until Week 28 (total, 14 doses). Results The antibody titer decreased to 256 by the beginning of 15 weeks' gestation and remained stable at that level for the remainder of the pregnancy. Doppler ultrasonographic measurements of the fetal middle cerebral artery peak flow velocity performed throughout gestation showed no evidence of fetal anemia. A healthy male infant was delivered at 37 weeks' gestation with mild immune-mediated hemolysis. The infant underwent successful treatment with an IVIG dose of 750 mg/kg and a red blood cell exchange. Conclusion Our unique TPE-IVIG protocol was successful at preventing the onset of severe fetal anemia in a patient with high titer anti-D. Since IUT may be fatal, our approach offers a safer and less-invasive treatment regime that can adequately sustain a fetus until term.
Pharmaceutical Quality Assessment of Generic Lamotrigine Immediate Release (IR) Tablets (P4.269)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pharmaceutical quality of approved generic lamotrigine Immediate Release (IR) tablets. BACKGROUND: FDA has noted some concerns about interchangeability of generic lamotrigine IR tablet with its reference listed drug (RLD). FDA is sponsoring studies to confirm generic lamotrigine bioequivalence to its RLD in patients with epilepsy, and also exploring active surveillance tools to monitor post-market drug quality. Process capability analysis is a powerful tool to evaluate the variability of drug product quality attribute in relation to its specification. The process capability index (Cpk) and process performance index (Ppk) can be a quantitative metric to assess the performance of manufacturing process. DESIGN/METHODS: Tablet assay, impurity, and in vitro dissolution data of lamotrigine 100 mg tablet were extracted from the New and Abbreviated New Drug Application annual reports, and analyzed. The Ppk and the lower bound 95% confidence interval of Ppk (Ppk-CL) for product assay and dissolution were calculated using Minitab ® 16 for batches ranged between 10 and 18 based on data availability. A process with Ppk above 1.33 and 2.00 is generally considered as a capable and excellent process, respectively. RESULTS: All examined brand and generic batches met current USP quality standards. Excellent chemical stability was demonstrated for all the products, thus process capability analysis focused on assay and in-vitro dissolution. For the tablet assay, the Ppk of generics ranged from 1.22 to 5.54 with the RLD near the center of this range. For the tablet dissolution, the Ppk of RLD was 3.80 and those of generics ranged between 1.36 and 9.94. Due to the limited sample size, the analysis is preliminary and further data collection and assessment are necessary. CONCLUSIONS: Post approval quality data indicated that all approved generic lamotrigine IR tablets are well within the FDA quality requirements, and comparable to RLD. Process capability indices can provide quantitative metrics to rank order manufacturing process performance and help FDA focus its surveillance efforts. Study Supported by: FDA Disclosure: Dr. Wu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Peng has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jiang has nothing to disclose.