cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oral DNA vaccination promotes mucosal and systemic immune responses to HIV envelope glycoprotein.

In this report, we described induction of HIV envelope (env)-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses by oral vaccination of BALB/c mice with env-encoded plasmid DNA encapsulated in poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) microparticles. We demonstrated that intragastric administration of the encapsulated plasmid DNA resulted in transduced expression of the env glycoprotein in the intestinal epithelium. Mice immunized orally exhibited env-specific type 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in spleen and the inductive (Peyer's patches) and effector (lamina propria) mucosal tissues of gut. Oral administration of PLG-encapsulated plasmid DNA encoding gp160 also induced env-specific serum antibodies, and an increased level of IgA directed to gp160 was detected in fecal washes of the immunized mice. In contrast, intramuscular (i.m.) administration of naked or PLG-encapsulated DNA vaccine induced only systemic cellular and humoral responses to the env glycoprotein. Using an HIV env-expressing recombinant vaccinia viral intrarectal murine challenge system, we observed higher resistance to mucosal viral transmission in mice immunized orally than in animals injected i.m. with PLG-encapsulated plasmid DNA encoding gp160. Results of these studies demonstrate the feasibility of using orally delivered PLG microparticles containing plasmid DNA-encoded HIV gp160 for induction of env-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses and protection against recombinant HIV env vaccinia virus challenge.
Effect of thymosin on lymphocytes from patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and endocrinopathies.

Abstract The capacity of thymosin to correct lesions of the cellular immune system in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMCC) and endocrinopathies was studied by evaluating the effect of this hormone on the in vitro responses of lymphocytes to candida antigens. The lymphocyte reactivity of two patients with endocrinopathies and CMCC was compared to a patient with endocrinopathies but no CMCC, to a child with a prenatally irradiated thymus who had hypothyroidism and in vitro lymphocyte reactivity to Candida albicans similar to that of patients with CMCC, and to four healthy adults, two of which were candida skin test positive and two candida skin test negative. Except for generalized skin test anergy (over 7 to 12 yr) and minimal in vitro lymphocyte responses to candida antigens, the immunologic evaluation of the four study individuals was normal. The depressed candida responsiveness was not due to a detectable serum suppressor factor. The presence of 50, 250, or 500 μg of thymosin alone in the culture medium did not stimulate the lymphocytes from any of the eight persons to increase thymidine incorporation. When cultured in the presence of thymosin, the responses of lymphocytes to candida antigens from the two patients without CMCC became comparable to the candida responsiveness of lymphocytes from persons skin test positive to candida antigens. In contrast, thymosin did not significantly alter lymphocyte responses to candida antigens of the CMCC patients. The failure of thymosin to alter in vitro lymphocyte responses to candida in the two CMCC patients suggests that CMCC may not be associated with an absence of thymosin and that this hormone may not be an effective form of therapy for patients with CMCC and associated endocrinopathies.
Characterization of mechanosensitive splanchnic nerve afferent fibers innervating the rat stomach

Splanchnic nerve fibers innervating the stomach were studied in anesthetized rats; 997 fibers in the T9 or T10 dorsal roots were identified by electrical stimulation of the splanchnic nerve. Thirty...
Laminar convection of a radiating gas in a vertical channel

An exact solution is obtained for the problem of fully-developed, radiating, laminar convective flow in a vertical heated channel. The effect of radiation is to decrease the temperature difference between the gas and the wall, thereby reducing the influence of natural convection. Thus, the reduction in velocity occurring in a heated upflow is less for a radiating gas. Graphs are presented for the dimensionless velocity and temperature profiles and for the volume and heat fluxes.
Information Capacity of a Beam of Light

The chief emphasis of the paper is given to the calculation of the information capacity of a beam of light for on-off signal modulation. A preliminary and approximate calculation in Sec. 2 is based on Gaussian modulation. On-off modulation permits an exact calculation of the information capacity; the calculation is based on the Poisson statistics of nondegenerate ensembles of Bose entities.Most of the results are given in terms of the information capacity per transmitted photon, measured in bits per photon, and called the information efficiency It. When there is no ambient light, and when the probability p that the gate is open is equal to one-half, the maximum possible information efficiency is just one bit per transmitted photon; when, however, the probability p of an open gate is less than one-half, the information efficiency It may be higher, with the upper bound log2(1/p).The calculation of the information efficiency in Sec. 3 supposes that no light reaches the receiver except that from the gated source. In Sec. 4 ambient light also is permitted to reach the receiver; extensive numerical results were obtained with a high-speed digital computer and are presented in tables and graphs.The term light is used throughout the paper instead of radiation, in order to emphasize that the results hold only for nondegenerate beams of radiation. The output of laser oscillators is therefore excluded.
Exhibiting Patriotism: Creating and Contesting Interpretations of American Historic Sites Teresa Bergman. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, 2013.

Exhibiting Patriotism: Creating and Contesting Interpretations of American Historic Sites Teresa Bergman. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, 2013.Teresa's Bergman's initial monograph builds upon years of research and work in the field of documentary films and filmmaking. Exhibiting Patriotism examines twentieth-century representations of patriotism, nationalism, and citizenship in five public history sites across the United States-including the USS Arizona Memorial, the California State Railroad Museum, the Alamo, the Lincoln Memorial, and Mount Rushmore. From these, Bergman suggests that increased sensitivity to visitors' experiences and reactions to interpretive materials-what she terms a "visitor-centric" approach -offers a strategy for including multicultural perspectives that will "add complexity and accuracy to US narratives of liberation and triumphalism" (184).In this critical examination of historic-site interpretation, Bergman uses her training in American Studies and Communications to thoughtfully weave together research from government agencies (including the National Park Service), the records of particular sites and local historical societies, newspapers, interviews, and, of course, the sites' orientation films and other interpretive exhibits. Her aim is to uncover the ways in which visitor responses to each site helped to shape changing museological interpretations of the sites' history and meaning. As such, Bergman's book contributes to an established literature on public memory that includes the work of Kirk Savage, Mike Wallace, and others.Each of the five chapters demonstrates how visitors' reactions and/or changing top-down objectives helped to revise the site's interpretive materials, in a process where visitors came to "share" historical authority over the site's public meanings. For example, at the USS Arizona memorial in Hawaii, the site's original orientation film depicted Japanese-American residents as a potential threat to domestic security. The local Japanese-American community complained about these negative representations in the late 1990s, causing a public debate that pushed the NPS to revise the film to more accurately reflect the wartime patriotism and support offered by the community in Hawaii. Similar community reactions to the narrow interpretations of minority involvement in the building and operation of the California railroads and the colonial history of the Alamo pushed a revision of the sites' interpretive exhibits and orientation films to reflect a more inclusive historical approach. Viewer responses also pushed the addition of an exhibit in the 1990s on the use and meanings of the Lincoln memorial for various civil rights activists (including African Americans, gay rights groups, women, and others)-yet protests from right-wing conservatives in the early 2000s launched critiques that moved through Congress and the White House before landing directives for the exhiHe bit's revision among NPS personnel. …
Autologous Hamstring Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Failure Using the Anteromedial Portal Technique With Suspensory Femoral Fixation: A Case Series of 7 Patients.

Background:The anteromedial portal technique for drilling of the femoral tunnel during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been advocated by many surgeons as allowing improved acces...
Bridging the application and DBMS profiling divide for database application developers

In today's world, tools for profiling and tuning application code remain disconnected from the profiling and tuning tools for relational DBMSs. This makes it challenging for developers of database applications to profile, tune and debug their applications, for example, identifying application code that causes deadlocks in the server. We have developed an infrastructure that simultaneously captures both the application context as well as the database context, thereby enabling a rich class of tuning, profiling and debugging tasks that is not possible today. We have built a tool using this infrastructure that enables developers to seamlessly profile, tune and debug ADO.NET applications over Microsoft SQL Server by taking advantage of information across the application and database contexts. We describe and evaluate several tasks that can be accomplished using this tool.
Do Student Perceptions of Surgeons Change during Medical School? A Longitudinal Analysis during a 4-Year Curriculum

Background Student recruiting is a top priority for surgical educators. Efforts have focused on improving the junior clerkship, but earlier interventions might prove to be more effective. This study was performed to determine students' perceptions of surgeons across all 4 years, with special emphasis on the effect of the 3 rd -year clerkship. Study Design During 2004 to 2007, medical students at all levels were surveyed with 21 statements about surgeons' behavior, lifestyle issues, and potential as role models. Subjects responded anonymously using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly agree). Surveys were administered annually to medical student year 1 (MS1), MS2, and MS4, and before and after the clerkship to MS3. Data were analyzed using chi-square contingency table analyses. Results Three-thousand and sixty surveys were analyzed (MS1, n=833; MS2, n=670; MS3, n=1,193; and MS4, n=364). Responses among MS1 and MS2 confirm that students enter medical school with negative impressions of surgeons. The surgical clerkship had a positive impact, but this effect was lost by senior year. Changes in perceptions were statistically significant for 20 of 21 statements. This is underscored by the fact that the proportion of students applying to general surgery from our medical school remains essentially unchanged (2004, 5.3%; 2005, 7.4%; 2006, 10%; 2007, 7.4%; and 2008, 6%). Conclusions These data suggest that the junior surgery clerkship has a favorable but transient impact on the negative perceptions that medical students have about surgeons. Perceptions return to negative values within 1 year of the clerkship. Recruiting efforts should be focused on earlier interaction with students rather than concentrating on a 2- to 3-month rotation in the junior year.
Photosystem I Electron Transfer Reactions–Components and Kinetics

All oxygenic photosynthetic organisms contain a membrane protein complex, known as Photosystem I, that catalyzes a light-induced transfer of electrons from reduced plastocyanin to ferredoxin. This complex contains several bound electron carriers that are involved in the initial charge separation and stabilization. These carriers include the reaction center chlorophyll, P700, which undergoes oxidation in the light, and a number of compounds that serve as electron carriers in what is now believed to be a sequence of electron transfer events: a monomeric chlorophyll a molecule is the initial electron acceptor, a phylloquinone molecule is the second electron acceptor and a series of bound iron-sulfur clusters then function as terminal electron acceptors. The properties of these electron carriers and recent evidence supporting their proposed roles are described and an attempt is made to present a unified picture of our understanding of the role of these individual components. The kinetic sequence of the electron transfer events is then considered in detail. After the discussion of these bound electron carriers, the reduction of ferredoxin by the Photosystem I complex is described and the role of this soluble electron carrier in catalyzing a cyclic transfer of electrons around Photosystem I is considered.
A method for discovery and analysis of temporal patterns in complex event data

Pattern analysis techniques currently common within geography tend to focus either on characterizing patterns of spatial and/or temporal recurrence of a single event type e.g., incidence of flu cases or on comparing sequences of a limited number of event types where relationships between events are already represented in the data e.g., movement patterns. The availability of large amounts of multivariate spatiotemporal data, however, requires new methods for pattern analysis. Here, we present a technique for finding associations among many different event types where the associations among these varying event types are not explicitly represented in the data or known in advance. This pattern discovery method, known as T-pattern analysis, was first developed within the field of psychology for the purpose of finding patterns in personal interactions. We have adapted and extended the T-pattern method to take the unique characteristics of geographic data into account and implemented it within a geovisualization toolkit for an integrated computational-geovisual environment we call STempo. To demonstrate how T-pattern analysis can be employed in geographic research for discovering patterns in complex spatiotemporal data, we describe a case study featuring events from news reports about Yemen during the Arab Spring of 2011–2012. Using supplementary data from the Global Database of Events, Language, and Tone, we briefly summarize and reference a separate validation study, then evaluate the scalability of the T-pattern approach. We conclude with ideas for further extensions of the T-pattern technique to increase its utility for spatiotemporal analysis.
Are Academics Irrelevant? Roles for Scholars in Participatory Research.

Interest in participatory research has exploded over the past decade. Academics seem to follow three approaches in participatory research: the initiator, the consultant, and the collaborator. After discussing the approaches, this article argues that doing the research is not a goal in itself but only a means. Participatory research is actually part of a larger community change project that is dependent on four roles: “animator,” community organizer, popular educator, and participatory researcher. Determining how the academic will fit in the project (as initiator, consultant, or collaborator) requires addressing three questions: What is the project trying to do? What are the academic's skills? and How much participation does the community need or want? The answers to these questions will vary according to how organized the community is.
Use of group decision support systems as an appropriation process

Adaptive structuration theory is offered as a theoretical foundation for research on group decision support systems. Building on the theories of structuration advanced by several European social theorists, the theory of adaptive structuration attempts to explain how technology affects group and organizational processes and resultant outcomes. Rather than viewing technology as a direct, causal influence on human behavior, this theory holds that it is the active use of technology by people which determines observable outcomes. >
Immunopathogenetic Mechanisms in Renal Disease

This review deals with various immunopathogenetic mechanisms of renal diseases. Although immune-complex nephritis was long thought to be the result of deposition of circulating immune complexes, recent studies have revealed the importance of in situ formation. In experimental Heymann nephritis, an antigen (gp 330) has been localized on glomerular epithelial cells, and antibodies reactive with gp 330 have been eluted from glomeruli; deposits appear to result from shedding of complexes from the podocyte surface into the basement membrane. In human disease, it seems likely that mesangial and subendothelial deposits most often result from deposition of circulating immune complexes; whereas subepithelial deposits are formed mainly in situ. Cell-mediated Immune mechanisms are capable of producing glomerular injury, as shown in experimental models. In humans, Wegener's granulomatosis and idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis may involve such mechanisms. In certain forms of experimental and human tubulointerstitial nephritis, cell-mediated immunity also seems to play an important role.
How can we say to neonatal intensive care unit parents amid crisis, "you are not alone"?

Perhaps the greatest challenge for clinicians in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is decision-making for the critically ill, or dying, newborn with his/her family. Although we strive to engage in shared decision-making, issues of human values, prognostic uncertainty, and plurality may impede good communication. Our sympathy may be at work in our trying to understand the complexities of circumstances that a particular family operates in. Empathy, however, requires that we be able to act as if we were the other person. More than simply seeing or understanding, it requires our knowing—in essence, putting ourselves in their position and (vicariously) experiencing their dilemma. Short of having experienced similar circumstances ourselves, many of us might feel that simply saying the words, “You are not alone” … Reprint requests to (B.S.C.) Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, A-0126, Medical Center North, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2370. E-mail: brian.carter{at}mcmail.vanderbilt.edu
PS2-39: Key Challenges and Decisions in the Development of HMO Death Data

BackgroundThe mortality status of an HMO?s members, whether a person is alive or dead, is critically important to health care research. The uses of mortality status include determination of causes of death, death rates, and for selection of study cohorts. Unlike other clinical activity and health statuses, mortality status cannot be determined solely with a health plan?s internal data, even for well-defined populations, because health plan members often die outside of the plan?s care delivery and claims payment systems. For such members, determination of mortality status and date of death requires linkage of health plan data to external sources of mortality data, such as state death certificate or federal Social Security data. This person-level statistical linkage is a complex, multi-step process that involves many decisions, assumptions, and choosing of priorities. Even when death data from internal systems is available, internal data sources can disagree, likewise requiring complex decisions to determine a member?s ?true? mortality status.MethodsThis presentation highlights key challenges and decisions points in the development of death data logic at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC).ResultsKey decisions in KPNC?s death data logic include: handling internal membership data with conflicting personal identifiers, e.g., multiple Social Security Numbers associated with a single Medical Record Number; ranking, grading, and selecting from multiple matches between internal and external data; finding members with multiple MRNs; using utilization contact dates and membership activity dates to evaluate death records, judging reliability of internal health plan data, setting thresholds and criteria for confidence scoring, selecting between multiple possible dates of death, chart validation of final death data.ConclusionsThe development of death data logic at KPNC is a complex process that requires intricate decisions, careful analysis, and a higher degree of discretionary judgment than is typical of building other data areas. The quality of final results depends upon validation and iterative improvements to the process.
Mechanisms of haploinsufficiency revealed by genome-wide profiling in yeast.

Haploinsufficiency is defined as a dominant phenotype in diploid organisms that are heterozygous for a loss-of-function allele. Despite its relevance to human disease, neither the extent of haploinsufficiency nor its precise molecular mechanisms are well understood. We used the complete set of Saccharomyces cerevisiae heterozygous deletion strains to survey the genome for haploinsufficiency via fitness profiling in rich (YPD) and minimal media to identify all genes that confer a haploinsufficient growth defect. This assay revealed that ∼3% of all ∼5900 genes tested are haploinsufficient for growth in YPD. This class of genes is functionally enriched for metabolic processes carried out by molecular complexes such as the ribosome. Much of the haploinsufficiency in YPD is alleviated by slowing the growth rate of each strain in minimal media, suggesting that certain gene products are rate limiting for growth only in YPD. Overall, our results suggest that the primary mechanism of haploinsufficiency in yeast is due to insufficient protein production. We discuss the relevance of our findings in yeast to human haploinsufficiency disorders.
Bone-anchored hearing aid abutment skin overgrowth reduction with clobetasol.

Objectives The bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) osseointegrated cochlear stimulator can treat hearing loss in a variety of clinical situations. Occasionally skin/scar overgrowth may cover the abutment. This overgrowth interferes with affixing the BAHA to the abutment. Surgical scar revision/excision has been used to treat this problem. Clobetasol (0.05%), a steroid gel, can reduce skin overgrowth. Experience with skin overgrowth and the efficacy of clobetasol to treat this problem was reviewed. Subjects and Methods The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent BAHA abutment implantation from January 2003 through December 2006. Results Eighty-eight patients (2 patients received bilateral BAHAs) were reviewed. Twenty (22%) of 90 sites developed overgrowth. Thirteen of 20 sites were treated with clobetasol. The overgrowth resolved in 11 (85%) of 13 sites after treatment. Patients with incomplete skin graft survival were significantly more likely to develop skin overgrowth (P = 0.0017). Conclusion Clobetasol is an effective treatment for abutment skin/scar overgrowth. Clobetasol allows patients to resume BAHA use and obviates the need for scar revision.
Expecting the Unexpected: Cultural Components of Arab Governance

The development of democracy in the Arab world does not always pay sufficient attention to the cultural foundations of Arab political and social life. Concepts of the person, time, memory, and relationship need to be considered as vital elements of the political cultures of these countries. Against that background, it may be possible to suggest elements of constitutional and legal organization that are more in keeping with Arab cultural orientations, rather than supposing that the imposition of Western constitutional forms will necessarily suit local needs in the Middle East.
Identification of Estrogen Receptor Dimer Selective Ligands Reveals Growth-Inhibitory Effects on Cells That Co-Express ERα and ERβ

Estrogens play essential roles in the progression of mammary and prostatic diseases. The transcriptional effects of estrogens are transduced by two estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ, which elicit opposing roles in regulating proliferation: ERα is proliferative while ERβ is anti-proliferative. Exogenous expression of ERβ in ERα-positive cancer cell lines inhibits cell proliferation in response to estrogen and reduces xenografted tumor growth in vivo, suggesting that ERβ might oppose ERα's proliferative effects via formation of ERα/β heterodimers. Despite biochemical and cellular evidence of ERα/β heterodimer formation in cells co-expressing both receptors, the biological roles of the ERα/β heterodimer remain to be elucidated. Here we report the identification of two phytoestrogens that selectively activate ERα/β heterodimers at specific concentrations using a cell-based, two-step high throughput small molecule screen for ER transcriptional activity and ER dimer selectivity. Using ERα/β heterodimer-selective ligands at defined concentrations, we demonstrate that ERα/β heterodimers are growth inhibitory in breast and prostate cells which co-express the two ER isoforms. Furthermore, using Automated Quantitative Analysis (AQUA) to examine nuclear expression of ERα and ERβ in human breast tissue microarrays, we demonstrate that ERα and ERβ are co-expressed in the same cells in breast tumors. The co-expression of ERα and ERβ in the same cells supports the possibility of ERα/β heterodimer formation at physio- and pathological conditions, further suggesting that targeting ERα/β heterodimers might be a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of cancers which co-express ERα and ERβ.
A Retrofit Network Intrusion Detection System for MODBUS RTU and ASCII Industrial Control Systems

MODBUS RTU/ASCII Snort is software to retrofit serial based industrial control systems to add Snort intrusion detection and intrusion prevention capabilities. This article discusses the need for such a system by describing 4 classes of intrusion vulnerabilities (denial of service, command injection, response injection, and system reconnaissance) which can be exploited on MODBUS RTU/ASCII industrial control systems. The article provides details on how Snort rules can detect and prevent such intrusions. Finally, the article describes the MODBUS RTU/ASCII Snort implementation, provides details on placement of a MODBUS RTU/ASCII Snort host within a control system to maximize intrusion detection and prevention capabilities, and discusses the system's validation.
A comparison between a retrograde interference screw, suture button, and combined fixation on the tibial side in an all-inside anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a biomechanical study in a porcine model.

BackgroundEffective soft tissue graft fixation to the tibial tunnel in all-inside anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions has been reported to be a problem and may lead to retrograde pullout at ultimate load testing.HypothesisA combined retrograde bioabsorbable screw and cortical-cancellous suture button suspension apparatus would gain stiffness from the button and strength from the screw, thus providing for a larger pullout ultimate load, yield load, and stiffness when compared with either fixation alone in an all-inside anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.Study DesignControlled laboratory study.MethodsEighteen porcine tibias (average bone mineral density of 1.46, measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan) and 18 bovine extensor tendon allografts were divided into 3 groups retrograde bioabsorbable screw fixation, cortical-cancellous suture button suspension apparatus fixation, and combined fixation in the tibia, with 6 specimens per group. They were biomechanically tested with cyclic (50...
High-speed GaAs heterojunction bipolar phototransistor grown by molecular beam epitaxy

A novel heterojunction phototransistor (HPT) structure is proposed using two base regions such that the emitter-base depletion region is located in the wide-gap material. Very small area HPTs have been fabricated on semi-insulating substrates. Maximum current gain is s = 300. The response time, with rise time as short as 250 ps and FWHM = 320 ps, has been obtained using a picosecond pulse dye laser.
EPILOGUE: Skepticism Versus Fallibilism for Achieving Reliable Science and Wise Policy Decisions

The many chapters in this volume summarize what glaciers are telling us about how Earth’s climate is changing. To use a very simple analogy, the observed changes in Earth’s glaciers are functioning in the same manner that small caged birds functioned when carried by coal miners into their dangerous underground workplaces. The observed distress of the birds provided a message, if it was properly understood, that indicated phenomena that could cause problems for the miners. In contrast to the mining example, however, the message provided by Earth’s glaciers is complex, and, as documented in this book, it needs to be understood scientifically in terms of the many interacting controls on glacier advances and retreats.
Dynamic analysis of the blood-brain barrier disruption in experimental stroke using time domain in vivo fluorescence imaging.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption following cerebral ischemia can be exploited to deliver imaging agents and therapeutics into the brain. The aim of this study was (a) to establish novel in ...
Defensive Tactics in Tender Offers - Does Anything Go?

Companies that may be targets of hostile take-overs have adopted an array of strategies to keep their independence. They often argue that such tactics are in the best interest of their shareholders. This assertion however is questionable and the article explores whether the law should condone them.
Organic Phosphorus Nutrition of Some Aquatic Hyphomycetes

(1991). Organic Phosphorus Nutrition of Some Aquatic Hyphomycetes. Mycologia: Vol. 83, No. 5, pp. 665-668.
Some Elementary Aspects of Topology

(1938). Some Elementary Aspects of Topology. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 88-92.
Effects of Dietary Antibiotic Treatment on Yield of Commercial Broilers

Abstract Two studies were conducted in which chickens of a commercial broiler strain were fed nutritionally adequate diets fortified with either 27.5 ppm of bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) or 11 ppm virgmiamycin for a 49-day feeding period. At the conclusion of the study, samples of birds were processed in a pilot processing facility to determine possible effects of the antibiotics on carcass yield or weight of various parts of the carcass in comparison with yields of birds fed an unsupplemented diet. Little or no change in overall dressing percentage or in weight of various carcass parts was elicited by dietary antibiotic supplementation. Weight and percentage of small intestine were reduced by antibiotic supplementation.
Comparative Studies on Neoseiulus fallacis and Metaseiulus occidentalis for Azinphosmethyl Toxicity and Effects of Prey and Pollen on Growth

Two species of phytoseiid mites, Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) and Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt), were subjected to toxicological and feeding tests. Results of toxicological tests showed that resistant and susceptible strains of M. occidentalis exhibited a greater degree of resistance to azinphosmethyl than the respective strains of N. fallacis. Feeding tests showed that immature N. fallacis grew faster to the adult than M. occidentalis when fed eggs of either the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, or the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch). Survival from larval to adult stage was similar for the two phytoseiid species when fed eggs of the twospotted spider mite. However, survival of M. occidentalis fed eggs of the European red mite was only 42.9% as compared with 74.3% for N. fallacis. Survival of M. occidentalis was increased to 80.0% when fed all developmental stages of the European red mite. Results of feeding-preference tests showed that the immature phytoseiids preferred eggs of the twospotted spider mite over European red mite eggs, but the adult phytoseiids preferred adult European red mites over adult twospotted spider mites. Growth and survival of N. fallacis fed pollen from the trumpet creeper vine, Campsis radicans Seem or tulip popular, Liriodendron tulipifera L., for the parent generation were similar to those obtained when fed twospotted spider mite eggs.
Innovating the Developing Mode of Labs,Developing Innovation-oriented Talents

This paper introduced that Cec and Chengdu Leetro aotumation co. ltd established a motion-controllling innovating lab. In the same time,author put forward a new mode of developing labs.
Determination of 5 ions in dialysis water by ion chromatography

Objective:To develop a method for simultaneous determination of 5 ions in dialysis water by ion chromatography.Methods: 5 ions were separated by METROSEP A SUPP 4-250 Separation colunm with METROSEP A SUPP 4/5 Guard column and eluent containing 1.8 mmol/L NaCO3 and 1.7 mmol/L NaHCO3 as mobile phase.The flow rate was 1.1 ml/min.Results: Linear curve was obtained in the range of 0.01 mg/L～10.00 mg/L with a correlation coefficient more than 0.999.Condusion: The method enables rapid,accurate and sensitive analysis for the national dialysis water industry standards,the European pharmacopoeia and AAMI.
Assessing the Accuracy of Classwide Direct Observation Methods: Two Analyses Using Simulated and Naturalistic Data.

ABSTRACT: Two studies investigated the accuracy of eight different interval-based group observation methods that are commonly used to assess the effects of classwide interventions. In Study 1, a Microsoft Visual Basic program was created to simulate a large set of observational data. Binary data were randomly generated at the student level to represent 30-min observations using a 15-s momentary time sampling procedure for 5,000 students distributed evenly across 200 classrooms. Additionally, five classroom types were generated to determine if the base rate of behavior affected the accuracy of each method. Each of the eight observation methods were applied to the simulated data and compared to a criterion to determine their accuracy in estimating rates of classroom behavior. A two-way ANOVA identified a significant main effect for observation method, F(3.40, 663.07) = 15,824.22, p < .001, and a significant interaction between coding method and classroom composition, F(13.60, 663.07) = 40.04, p < .001. In S...
A Brand Loyalty and Attachment-Based Bayesian Brand Choice Model

We investigated how brand attributes, familiarity and consideration, and residuals of prior marketing mix exposures on individuals influence the intention to purchase. We employed a Bayesian view point to make probability statements about the parameters and express uncertainty in a probability or distribution statement. We used a behavioral data set of US auto industry. Nine thousand six hundred seventy-five observations were used in the analysis. Prior literature neglected to take into account the customer-brand relationship variables which may explain unobserved customer heterogeneity. Our brand choice model builds on a set of behavioral variables and focuses on the brand dimensions. Within a Bayesian framework, we proposed a new brand choice model which accounts for the customer-brand relationship. Our mixed model showed familiarity and brand loyalty vary by segment; brand loyalty is the most important predictor of purchase intention for each segment. Besides, our mixed model indicated fixed effect of the interaction between familiarity and attachment to be a significant predictor of purchase intention. We showed that consideration positively and brand attachment negatively are associated with purchase intention. Our results regarding negative effect of brand attachment on purchase intention suggest further investigation of possible moderating factors of the relationship between brand attachment and purchase intention.
DOXYCYCLINE-LOADED COAXIAL NANOFIBRE COATING OF TITANIUM IMPLANTS ENHANCES OSSEOINTEGRATION AND INHIBITS STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS INFECTION

Few studies have been reported focusing on developing implant surface nanofiber (NF) coating to prevent infection and enhance osseointegration by local drug release. In this study, coaxial doxycycline (Doxy)-doped polycaprolactone/polyvinyl alcohol (PCL/PVA) NFs were directly deposited on the titanium (Ti) implant surface during electrospinning. The bonding strength of Doxy-doped NF coating on Ti implants was confirmed by a stand single-pass scratch test. The improved implant osseointegration by PCL/PVA NF coatings in vivo was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, histomorphometry and micro computed tomography at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after implantation. The bone contact surface (%) changes of NF coating group (80%) is significantly higher than that of no NF group (< 5%, p<0.05). Finally, we demonstrated that Doxy-doped NF coating effectively inhibited bacterial infection and enhanced osseointegration in an infected ( Staphylococcus aureus ) tibia implantation rat model. Doxy released from NF coating inhibited bacterial growth up to 8 weeks in vivo. The maximal push-in force of Doxy-NF coating (38 N) is much higher than that of NF coating group (6.5 N) 8 weeks after implantation (p<0.05), which was further confirmed by quantitative histological analysis and micro computed tomography. These findings indicate that coaxial PCL/PVA NF coating doped with Doxy and/or other drugs have great potential in enhancing implant osseointegration and preventing infection.
Haptic feedback of membrane puncture with an MR-compatible instrumented needle and electroactive polymer display

We present results of experiments with a haptic feedback device that imparts tangential deformations to the fingertips for displaying changes in force experienced by an MR-compatible optically-instrumented biopsy needle. The display is actuated using multiple layers of MR-compatible electroactive polymers stretched in a plastic frame. Users can use the device to sense events such as membrane puncture, as the needle is driven through a tissue phantom, with 98.9% reliability.
Cultural Survival, Tribal Sovereignty and River Restoration on the Central Northwest Coast, North America

The Elwha River system on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington state (USA) is a storied land. For the Klallam (Coast Salish) people who claim it as their homeland, it is a place filled with narratives about culture, place, and the past. Even so, they have not been able to access many of their sacred sites for several generations because of the development of two hydroelectric dams on the Elwha River. In 1992 the U.S. Congress passed the Elwha River Ecosystem and Fisheries Restoration Act. This legislation brings together tribal, federal, and regional partners in an effort to restore the Elwha River through dam removal, which will allow the river’s salmon and steelhead populations to access pristine spawning ground in the upper reaches of the river, rehabilitate salmon habitat, and replenish beaches starved by the loss of the sediment now trapped behind the dams. For the last two decades, the Elwha Klallam and the U.S. National Park Service have been intergovernmental partners in the effort to implement this act.
Interpreting Action Research Arm Test Assessment Scores to Plan Treatment

Rasch keyforms can help interpret clinical assessment scores. The Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) is a commonly used assessment, yet no keyform currently exists. The aim is to provide a keyform for the ARAT and demonstrate how a clinician can use the keyform to design optimally challenging rehabilitation sessions. Secondary analysis of ARAT data ( n = 122) using confirmatory factor and Rasch analyses were used to examine the measurement properties and generate a keyform. The item standardized factor loadings were >0.40 (range = 0.82-0.96) and R2 values were >.60 (range = .65-.96). All items exhibited adequate infit statistics with point measure correlations >.60 (range = .72-.97). Person reliability was .98, and person separation was 7.07. Item-difficulty measures ranged from -2.78 logits to 2.64 logits. The ARAT has strong measurement properties, and a keyform was provided. We showed how the keyform can be utilized by clinicians to interpret scores, set goals, and plan treatment.
Gasto público en América Latina: tendencias y aspectos clave de política

En este articulo se examinan las tendencias del gasto publico en America Latina desde mediados de la decada de 1990 hasta el ano 2006. Tambien se analizan aspectos clave de politica, como la naturaleza ciclica del gasto, la inversion publica, el empleo publico y el gasto social. Se concluye que el gasto primario como porcentaje del producto interno bruto ha tendido a aumentar en los ultimos 10 anos, impulsado por el incremento del gasto corriente, sobre todo del gasto social. El gasto real ha seguido variando en forma prociclica. Se constata que es posible mejorar considerablemente la eficiencia de la inversion publica, el empleo publico y el gasto social
NSTX Plasma Start-Up Using Transient Coaxial Helicity Injection

Future toroidal magnetic confinement fusion plasma devices such as the Component Test Facility (CTF) require non-inductive toroidal current drive. A new method of non-inductive startup, referred to as transient coaxial helicity injection (Transient CHI), has been developed on the Helicity Injected Torus (HIT-II) experiment and the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). In this method, plasma current is produced by discharging a capacitor bank between coaxial electrodes in the presence of toroidal and poloidal magnetic fields chosen such that the plasma rapidly expands into the chamber. When the injected current is rapidly decreased, magnetic reconnection occurs near the injection electrodes with the toroidal plasma current forming closed flux surfaces. In NSTX, transient CHI has demonstrated closed-flux current generation of up to 160 kA, without the use of a central solenoid. Detailed experimental measurements made on NSTX include fast time-scale visible imaging of the entire process.
THE HUGHES PROBLEM AND GENERALIZATIONS

Publisher Summary Hogan and Kappe proved that if G = 1 or G i /G i+1 is cyclic for i = 2, …, c (where c is the class of G), then G satisfies the Hughes conjecture, which was proved for all finite groups that are not p-groups. The metabelian result of Hogan and Kappe can be improved in numerous ways. To prove that groups possessing a subgroup of maximal class satisfy the Hughes conjecture, two special cases are presented in this chapter. If G is 2-generated and contains a normal subgroup of maximal class, then G satisfies the Hughes conjecture. Also, if G contains a subgroup L of maximal class with |G:L| p , then G satisfies the Hughes conjecture.
Audiologic findings in achondroplasia.

Achondroplasia, the autosomal dominant form of skeletal dysplasia that is characterized by short stature, short limbs, a variety of cranio-facial anomalies including a shortened cranial base, frontal bossing of the skull and many midfacial anomalies, is also often characterized by otologic and audiologic disorders as well. A high incidence of otitis media has already been reported by Gorlin (3) and Cohen (1). In 1981, Glass (2) studied a series of patients with skeletal dysplasias, twenty-eight of whom had achondroplasia and ten of whom had other skeletal dysplasias. The objective of this study was to determine whether or not there was a higher incidence of skeletal dysplasia. In addition, the characteristics of hearing loss in those patients with achondroplasia were studied. Glass and his colleagues found a variety of types of hearing loss in their sample, which ranged in age from twenty months to sixty-three years.
The Compact Nonthermal Radio Source at the Galactic Center: An Update

We review the current observational status of Sgr A*, the compact nonthermal radio source at the galactic center. Sgr A* is a unique radio source at a unique location of the Galaxy. It is unlike any compact radio source associated with known stellar objects, but it is similar to extragalactic nuclear compact radio sources. The positional offset between Sgr A* and IRS16 places little constraint on the nature of the underlying energy source, since IRS16 need not be the core of the central star cluster. Sgr A* is still the best candidate for marking the location of a massive collapsed object.
How to Do Multiphysics

This chapter is intended to give out a general but definite answer to the question: “How to do multiphysics?” First, the essential sequential components of the implementation of multiphysics will be introduced: identifying a multiphysical process/system, developing a mathematical description of this process/system, discretizing this mathematical model into an algebraic system, and solving this algebraic equation system and postprocessing the data to obtain information of interest. Emphasis will be placed on both the abstraction of a multiphysical problem from a complex phenomenon with physical and mathematical languages, which is critical to the success of multiphysics analysis. This requires describing or modeling the system to be analyzed, including geometry, materials, and dominant physical mechanisms, using mathematical languages (function, tensor, differential equation) as computational domain, boundary conditions, auxiliary equations, and governing equations. Finally, the discretization, solution, and postprocessing using computers will be explained. The understanding underneath the above introduction is that multiphysics can be viewed as an art of physics, mathematics, applications, and numerical analysis.
Historical perspectives on prevention paradox: When the population moves as a whole

Rose's Strategy of Preventive Medicine is critical reading for students and teachers in public health as well as practitioners of family and preventive medicine. In his classic, Geoffrey Rose outlines the prevention paradox that led to a discussion of two main preventive approaches to a disease, the individual- and population-based. This commentary briefly provides historical perspectives and viewpoints on the message of fundamental importance that when the population moves as a whole, the relative differences are the characteristics not of individuals but of populations. The "population as a whole" has been adopted in the lexicon of public health, enriched by Hippocrates' treatise on air, water, and places; Durkheim's collective consciousness; Pickering's continuous unimodal distribution; and Keys' charts of contrasting distributions. These readings should provide the public health professionals with a critical understanding of prevention paradox when they tend to focus only on the expression of the root cause above ground but fail to at the roots beneath the ground.