cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of CYP2D6 Pharmacogenomic Status on Pain Control Among Opioid Treated Oncology Patients.

BACKGROUND Several opioids have pharmacogenomic associations impacting analgesic efficacy. However, germline pharmacogenomic testing is not routinely incorporated into supportive oncology. We hypothesized that CYP2D6 profiling would correlate with opioid prescribing and hospitalizations. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed 61,572 adult oncology patients from 2012 to 2018 for opioid exposures. CYP2D6 metabolizer phenotype (ultra-rapid [UM], normal metabolizer [NM], intermediate [IM], or poor [PM]), the latter two of which may cause inefficacy of codeine, tramadol, and standard-dose hydrocodone, was determined for patients genotyped for reasons unrelated to pain. The primary endpoint was number of opioid medications received during longitudinal care (IM/PMs vs. NMs). Secondary endpoint was likelihood of pain-related hospital encounters. RESULTS Most patients with cancer (n = 34,675, 56%) received multiple opioids (average 2.8 ± 1.6/patient). Hydrocodone was most commonly prescribed (62%), followed by tramadol, oxycodone, and codeine. In the CYP2D6 genotyped cohort (n = 105), IM/PMs received a similar number of opioids (3.4 ± 1.4) as NMs (3.3 ± 1.9). However, IM/PMs were significantly more likely to experience pain-related hospital encounters compared with NMs, independent of other variables (odds ratio [OR] = 5.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-23.6; p = .03). IM/PMs were also more likely to be treated with later-line opioids that do not require CYP2D6 metabolism, such as morphine and hydromorphone (OR = 3.3; 95% CI, 1.1-9.8; p = .03). CONCLUSION CYP2D6 genotype may identify patients with cancer at increased risk for inadequate analgesia when treated with typical first-line opioids like codeine, tramadol, or standard-dose hydrocodone. Palliative care considerations are an integral part of optimal oncology care, and these findings justify prospective evaluation of preemptive genotyping as a strategy to improve oncology pain management. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Genomic variation in metabolic enzymes can predispose individuals to inefficacy when receiving opioid pain medications. Patients with intermediate and/or poor CYP2D6 metabolizer status do not adequately convert codeine, tramadol, and hydrocodone into active compounds, with resulting increased risk of inadequate analgesia. This study showed that patients with cancer frequently receive CYP2D6-dependent opioids. However, patients with CYP2D6 intermediate and poor metabolizer status had increased numbers of pain-related hospitalizations and more frequently required the potent non-CYP2D6 opioids morphine and hydromorphone. This may reflect inadequate initial analgesia with the common "first-line" CYP2D6-metabolized opioids. Preemptive genotyping to guide opioid prescribing during cancer care may improve pain-related patient outcomes.
Membrane Technology for Microfabricated Conductimetric Biosensors

This chapter elaborates membrane technology for microfabricated conductimetric biosensors. Microfabricated conductimetric biosensors are being developed in which the sensing layer is a pH-sensitive hydrogel, coupled to an enzymatic reaction which yields a pH change. The hydrogels are synthetic polymers which swell in water to an extent controlled by the pH. The water content of the gel, in turn, affects the electrical conductivity, making these materials suitable for use as conductimetric sensing layers. The sensing layer must be relatively thin to achieve adequate response time. It is found that to obtain specificity with a conductimetric sensor, a differential approach is preferred, in which the response of a sensor is compared to an identical sensor lacking such as the enzyme in the active device. A process has been developed for photolithographically, patterning pH-responsive hydrogels with thicknesses on the order of 10 μm, over a 3 inch diameter silicon wafer. A second process has been developed for selectively immobilizing enzyme within the patterned hydrogels, with a spatial resolution of better than 25 μm.
Implicit state observation and control with recurrent neural networks for the bioreactor benchmark problem

We (1993) have recently demonstrated the successful application of dynamic gradient methods to the training of neural network controllers for the bioreactor benchmark, an example of a difficult, nonlinear dynamical process control problem. In this paper, we show that recurrent neural networks can be trained as process controllers for a more difficult version of this benchmark problem in which measurements for only one of the two states are available.
Identification of a Journal: Studies in French Cinema

_Studies in French Cinema_ Volume 1 Number 1 Bristol: Intellect Press, 2001 ISSN 1471-5880 64 pp.
Robotics education for engineering and computer science students in the University of Michigan-Dearborn

The course objectives, contents, laboratory facilities, student projects, and experience gained in teaching are described for an industrial robotics course, a three-credit junior-level undergraduate elective course. The course objectives are directed towards introducing students to the basics of industrial robots with the following emphasis: the historical development of industrial robots and their impact on automation and the factory of the future; the fundamental technology of robots, including robot configurations, drive systems, control systems and precision of motion; types of end effectors and selection criteria based on applications; robot sensors and their role and usage in automated robot work cells; robot programming i.e., leadthrough and textual programming methods; design of robot work cells, and introduction to basic applications of robots in industry. >
Noise and Emergent Features in Integrated Displays

Process displays with the same perceptual resolution do the same job of conveying a process state to an operator. It is primarily the ability to convey relations and constraints that distinguishes good displays from poor ones. Object displays solve this problem by shifting monitoring to a situation unconstrainted by the system's architecture, allowing the integration of parameters as features of a geometric object. In doing so, however, object displays sacrifice the ability to provide a context giving meaning to these relations. The emergent features approach does not rely on any particular form of representation, but identifies the discriminations among process states which must be made to perform a task then searches for some representation which makes these discriminations perceptually salient. A series of experiments (Wickens 1986, Carswell – Wickens 1987, Sanderson et al. 1989) have compared a triangle object display with conventional bar chart displays with disparate results. The present experiment ...
Demographic Change and the Demand for Food: Discussion

Salathe's and Sexauer's papers report substantial effects of demographic changes on food consumption in recent years even though some of the unexplained residuals are fairly large. Explanations of 50%-70% of actual changes for some of Salathe's categories and 22.3% in Sexauer's analysis are impressive. Although the latter type of comparisons are very natural, they can be misleading when various factors influencing quantities and expenditures for food have offsetting effects. In such circumstances, it is conceivable that observed changes in average consumption or expenditures per capita, or per household, actually can be less than some of the individual components. Hence, a more meaningful comparison might be made by noting the relative magnitude of individual components as in the case of Sexauer's analysis where the effect of demographic shifts was approximately the same size as the aggregate income effect regardless of which set of marginal propensities to consume was used.1 Similarly, comparison of the magnitudes of various factors analyzed by Salathe may be more meaningful than comparisons to observed changes in per capita consumption. In addition to empirical estimation of the extent to which changes in various population characteristics affect average food consumption or expenditures, the papers raise some interesting methodological issues. The studies complement each other by illustrating how an identical conceptual relationship can be implemented in different ways with different types of data to examine similar questions. The basic relationship underlying each of the studies is that national average consumption
Model predictive HVAC control with online occupancy model

Abstract This paper presents an occupancy-predicting control algorithm for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in buildings. It incorporates the building's thermal properties, local weather predictions, and a self-tuning stochastic occupancy model to reduce energy consumption while maintaining occupant comfort. Contrasting with existing approaches, the occupancy model requires no manual training and adapts to changes in occupancy patterns during operation. A prediction-weighted cost function provides conditioning of thermal zones before occupancy begins and reduces system output before occupancy ends. Simulation results with real-world occupancy data demonstrate the algorithm's effectiveness.
11B NMR in YNi2B2C superconductor

Abstract A powder sample of the new superconductor YNi 2 B 2 C with T c = 15.5 K has been investigated by 11 B NMR. The 11 B ( I = 3 2 ) NMR spectrum, Knight Shift, K, and relaxation rate, T 1 −1 , in both the normal and the superconducting states are reported.
Assortative fertilization in Drosophila

The concept of gametic isolation has its origins in the 1937 edition of T. Dobzhansky's Genetics and the Origin of Species. Involving either positive assortative fertilization (as opposed to self-incompatibility) or negative assortative fertilization, it occurs after mating but prior to fertilization. Gametic isolation is generally subsumed under either prezygotic or postmating isolation and thus has not been the subject of extensive investigation. Examples of assortative fertilization in Drosophila are reviewed and compared with those of other organisms. Potential mechanisms leading to assortative fertilization are discussed, as are their evolutionary implications.
The Police and Public Opinion in Britain

This article examines opinion about the police in Britain. Surveys of opinion about the police have become integral to the assessment of agency performance there. Central government policy calls for the development of a "customer orientation" among police forces, and national and local surveys could play a significant role in monitoring this shift toward greater police accountability to the public. Surveys in Britain have documented dramatic shifts in public satisfaction with policing and detailed data on specific sources of discontent about their performance. They have also examined popular assessments of what the police should be focusing their attention on, as a guide to setting police priorities. This article reviews these trends and the implications of the findings for policing.
Dorsal–ventral patterning: a view from the top

The generation of dorsal interneurons in the spinal cord is dependent upon specific signaling pathways and the subsequent establishment of progenitor domains mediated by cross-repressive interactions of different groups of transcription factors. These events lead to the implementation of specific differentiation programs that direct the development of distinct dorsal interneuron subtypes. Recent studies have taken advantage of complementary gain and loss-of-function studies in the chick and mouse to clarify the in vivo roles of transforming growth factor beta signaling, basic helix-loop-helix and homeodomain transcription factors in dorsal interneuron development. The challenge now lies in identifying the precise molecular mechanisms involved and applying these insights to understanding how more ventrally located dorsal interneurons are specified.
Pharyngeal perforation masquerading as esophageal atresia

We present a case of pharyngeal perforation from a nasogastric tube mistakenly diagnosed as esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula in a full term infant female. The correct diagnosis was identified with rigid bronchoscopy and esophagoscopy immediately prior to the planned thoracotomy which was aborted. After one week of oral restriction and antibiotics, the healed perforation did not demonstrate leakage on a contrasted pharyngoesophagogram and bottle feeds were initiated. The infant was discharged to home on day of life 13 without any further complications.
Characteristic Permitting Coexistence Among Parasitoids of a Sawafly in Quebec

–Six poarasitoid species (Hymenoptera: 5 Ichneumonidae, 1 Eulophidae) coexist on cocoon populations of the Swaine jack pine sawfly, Neodiprion swainei Midd. in Quebec. Their distribution between plant communities was related to host availability except for Gelis urbanus (Brues) which has alternative hosts. Pleolophus basizonus (Grav.) was dominant at high host densities, tending to displace Pleolophus indistinctus (Prov.) which was dominant at low host densities. Mastrus aciclatus (Prov.) occupied dry open sites at high host densities, where other species were less numerous. The highest species diversity of cocoon parasitoids occurred at the ecotone around jack pine stands and at moderate host densities in increasing host populations. Furthermore, parasitoids attacking larvae were well represented in moderately dense host populations. As the host density increased, P. basizonus became so dominant that it reduced species diversity, particularly among the parasitoids attacking the host larvae. Species diversity can be predicted from the proportion of P. basizonus present. This parasitoid acts as an organizer species within the parasitoid complex because of its superior coimpetitive ability. Parasitoids of larvae have a conservative strategy for host exploitation that appears adapted for utilizing low host populations. In contrast, the parasitoids attacking cocoons gain dominance only when host—finding is easy in high host populations.
Some estimates of total tension and their applications

In this note, we give two best possible estimates of the total tension for a smooth map. Such estimates are established in terms of order of the map. Applications of such estimates to isometric immersions and to spectral geometry are given by applying an inequality obtained in [3].
A Cloud Service for Adaptive Digital Music Streaming

In this paper we present an adaptive digital music streaming cloud service based on the {\it Amazon Web Services}; the players are applications running on mobile devices connected to the Internet via cellular or via wireless networks. Adaptive streaming means that the data rate is determined dynamically function of the available network bandwidth, as well as power reserves of the mobile device. The service applies lossy compression to high quality audio files stored on the cloud to lower the data rate at a level determined by the resources available. We analyze the results of experiments with real-time data conversion for adaptation to the bandwidth available to mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets.
CORNEA, Scepticism and Evil

The Principle of Credulity: ‘It is basic to human knowledge of the world that we believe things are as they seem to be in the absence of positive evidence to the contrary’‘Swinburne 1996: 133]. This underlies the Evidential Problem of Evil, which goes roughly like this: ‘There appears to be a lot of suffering, both animal and human, that does not result in an equal or greater utility. So there's probably some pointless suffering. As God's existence precludes pointless suffering, theism is implausible.’ CORNEA is the principle that observation O raises hypothesis H's probability only if O is more probable given H than it is given not-H. Theists sometimes maintain that apparently pointless suffering is just as likely given theism as atheism (I support this claim by appealing to a Lewisian account of the relevant counterfactuals). Given CORNEA, therefore, what we see of suffering does not make theism unlikely. I maintain that a consequence of so deploying CORNEA is that CORNEA and the Principle of Credulity ...
Study of serum insulin in atherosclerotic patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (types III and IV hyperlipoproteinemia)

Abstract Sixteen atherosclerotic patients with Type III and IV hyperlipoproteinemia who were minimally complicated by insulin-influencing factors of overweight, hyperglycemia, grossly abnormal dietary habit, marked hypertriglyceridemia, and secondary chylomicronemia were studied to determine the relationship between insulin and endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. After their hypertriglyceridemia was stabilized by a 60 per cent carbohydrate hydrate diet, they were given oral sucrose and starch tests. During each test, blood glucose, serum immuno-reactive-insulin (IRI), and insulin-like-activity (ILA) were measured at intervals for four hours. Although the mean blood glucose levels of these patients, taken at regular intervals after meals, were not significantly different from those of the normolipemic controls, their mean basal serum IRI and ILA levels and their IRI and ILA responses to oral test meals were found to be markedly elevated above the corresponding values of the healthy normolipemic subjects. The hyperlipidemia (hyperlipoproteinemia) and serum ILA elevations responded promptly to simple-carbohydrate restrictive low calorie diet, while the IRI levels were slowly lowered towards normal.
Trophic Dynamics of a Nebraska Black Crappie and White Crappie Population

Abstract Diet variations of black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) and white crappie (Pomoxis annularis) were investigated at Hayes Center State Lake, a turbid 20-hectare state lake in southwest Nebraska. Zooplankton and insects accounted for most of the diet of all black crappie and of white crappie less than 200 mm long. The daily ration of planktophagic crappie declined to 1.3% as both species approached a length of 200 mm. Black crappie longer than 200 mm did not convert to fish and the daily ration declined to 0.8%. The dietary shift of white crappie to fish significantly increased the average volume of food as the daily ration increased to 1.6 and 2.9% at 200-249 and ≳ 250 mm, respectively. Crappie growth and survivorship were affected by the nature of the food. White crappie were 2.4 times more numerous and grew faster with improved survival at Age IV compared to the less dense black crappie population. Mortality rates of black crappie related positively to their size and water temperature during t...
Distribution of sodium and potassium in ox lenses.

The antero-posterior distribution of sodium and potassium was determined in normal and refrigerated ox lenses. Both sodium and potassium concentration gradients were demonstrated; sodium more concentrated posteriorly and potassium more concentrated anteriorly. These gradients were virtually abolished in cooled lenses. The results are considered to provide evidence in favor of both the “pump-leak concept” and the extracellular distribution of sodium in the lens.
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)—α—Induced Interleukin-8 in Human Blood Cultures Discriminates Neutralization by the p55 and p75 TNF Soluble Receptors

The dose-dependent increase in mortality in patients with sepsis who are treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) p75 soluble receptor Fc conjugate (p75-Fc) remains unexplained. In this study, neutralization of TNF-alpha-induced interleukin (IL)-8 by p75-Fc in whole human blood exhibited a U-shaped inhibition curve, whereas the TNF-soluble p55 receptor, linked to polyethylene glycol (p55-PEG), exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition. Native soluble p75 increased TNF-alpha-induced IL-8, versus a 61% reduction by native p55. Spontaneous IL-8 production was increased by p75-Fc or native p75 but not by p55-PEG or native p55. Unexpectedly, TNF-alpha-stimulated IL-1 receptor antagonist was suppressed by p75-Fc but not by p55-PEG. Studies of binding to TNF trimer revealed that p75-Fc has an affinity 40-fold lower than that of p55-PEG and a faster off rate. Native and p75-Fc pass TNF-alpha to membrane receptors more readily than does native or p55-PEG, which may partly explain the increased mortality in patients with sepsis who are treated with p75-Fc.
Multi-modal in-person interaction monitoring using smartphone and on-body sensors

Various sensing systems have been exploited to monitor in-person interactions, one of the most important indicators of mental health. However, existing solutions either require deploying in-situ infrastructure or fail to provide detailed information about a person's involvement during interactions. In this paper, we use smartphones and on-body sensors to monitor in-person interactions without relying on any in-situ infrastructure. By using state-of-art smartphones and on-body sensors, we implement a multi-modal system that collects a battery of features to better monitor in-person interactions. In addition, unlike existing work that monitors interactions only based on data collected from one person, we emphasize that in-person interactions intrinsically involve multiple participants, and thus we aggregate information from nearby people to identify more interaction details. Evaluation shows our solution accurately detects various in-person interactions and provides insights absent in existing systems.
Extension Of The Dynamic Range Of Active Laser Range Finders

Active range finders based on triangulation have proven to be very useful when dense depth maps are required. A number of range finders utilize linear or bidimensional arrays of photodetectors (photodiodes or MOS-type) to provide depth information. A practical limitation of these sensors is their relatively low saturation level. Once the saturation exposure has been reached, the accuracy drops. Many applications require a 3-D sensor with a dynamic range in excess of 100 000:1. Most sensor arrays with position evaluation circuitry have a combined dynamic range of 100:1-1 000:1. Consequently, these 3-D sensors will have limited usefulness in these applications. Some practical considerations in this field are presented and the results are given which were obtained from a system, designed in-house, that controls the laser source in such a way that the saturation exposure on the sensor array is never exceeded. These preliminary results have demonstrated an increase of the dynamic range of the sensor by a minimum factor of 100. The maximum throughput rate is typically 100 000 depth measurements per second and can be as low as 300 per second.
Observations on the pseudostatic analysis of embankments and slopes with arbitrary seismic force inclination

Abstract A simple method for evaluating the seismic stability of embankments and slopes has been developed by modifying the generalized procedure of slices proposed by Janbu. A pseudostatic analysis is carried out. The seismic force is represented through its horizontal and vertical components, acting on the centre of gravity of the soil mass. Defining a nominal state of plastic equilibrium, the safety factor of the slope for a given value of the seismic force is obtained through an iterative procedure that converges very rapidly. Moreover, by assuming a seismic force of intensity varying from zero value (static condition) up to a limit value, depending on the seismicity of the area, one can obtain the “influence lines” of the horizontal and vertical acceleration. Finally, a directional parametric analysis has been carried out considering a seismic force of a given intensity, acting in a direction varying from 0° to 360° with respect to the vertical axis through the gravity centre of the slope. By means of this procedure it is possible to locate a “critical zone” for the slope, i.e., that one within which any seismic force can cause the failure of the slope. Moreover, it appears that it is incorrect to consider only the horizontal acceleration in the stability analyses of slopes under earthquake loading conditions, as the most dangerous direction is usually different from the horizontal one.
Comprehensive methodology for the design and assessment of crossbar memory array with nonlinear and asymmetric selector devices

Technology and design tradeoffs are important for crossbar memory array optimization. A comprehensive model is presented in this paper to assess array functionality with different nonlinear and asymmetric selector parameters, bias schemes, and array designs. Array Vdd should be maximized within power and efficiency constraints. Partial bias schemes can be chosen based on selector types and design targets. Different dependence of array selectivity and power efficiency on selector parameters presents technology tradeoffs. Impact of line resistance, contact resistance, and memory variability is analyzed. Parallel access and self-selecting design may improve array performance.
Potentiation of immunosuppressive effects of cyclosporin A by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

Both cyclosporin A (CsA) and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D3) inhibit T-cell functions. Because CsA has a dose-related systemic toxicity, there is a need for approaches by which the dosage of CsA could be reduced while maintaining the required immunosuppression. Therefore, we examined for any potentiating effect of vitamin D3 on CsA-induced suppression of T cell functions in vitro. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin in the presence or absence of various concentrations of CsA (1.6-13.2 micrograms/ml) or vitamin D3 (10(-10)-10(-7) M) or both together and [3H]thymidine incorporation (TdR), interleukin 2 (IL-2) production, IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) expression, and the response to exogenous recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) on TdR were measured. IL-2 production was measured on CTLL cell line and IL-2R expression with anti-Tac monoclonal antibody using FACScan. There was a dose-dependent inhibition of TdR, IL-2 production, and IL-2R expression by CsA. Vitamin D3 inhibited TdR and IL-2 production in a dose-dependent manner but had no significant (P greater than 0.1) effect on IL-2R expression. Recombinant IL-2 had no effect on CsA-induced inhibition of TdR, whereas rIL-2 completely reversed the vitamin D3-induced inhibition of TdR. A significantly (P less than 0.05) increased inhibition of TdR and IL-2 production was observed when two agents were used together as compared to expected inhibition by the addition of each agent separately. A consistent synergism was observed between all concentrations of CsA used and vitamin D3 (10(-8) and 10(-7) M). This study shows that the potentiation of immunosuppressive effects of CsA by vitamin D3 could be used as an approach to reduce the dosage of CsA in clinical use without compromising immunosuppression, thus preventing or minimizing the dose-related toxic effects of CsA.
Integrated Optoelectronic Receivers for Intra-Chip Communication

We demonstrate benefits of optical interconnect at intra-chip distances within electronic systems. We show describe how to achieve benefits of optical signaling at even very short distances and include a discussion of implementation strategy.
Hexamethonium, a forgotten drug in relation to "new" concepts in the management of heart failure.

As indicated in a recent review1 of the drug treatment of chronic heart failure and in current symposia on the subject, cardiologists are reversing their opinion on the effects of adrenergic stimulation of the heart. They have discovered that long-term sympathetic inhibition, rather than being harmful, may be beneficial in the failing heart.2, 3 The discussions do not to mention the beneficial effects in chronic heart failure of inhibition of the entire sympathetic nervous system, including alpha and beta fibers, using ganglion blocking agents (principally hexamethonium). Investigations into this subject were carried out in the early 1950s. Admittedly, hexamethonium suffered from numerous and disturbing side effects secondary to parasympathetic as well as to sympathetic blockade, making the drug impractical for routine clinical use. However, the demonstration of dramatic improvement with hexamethonium in patients with congestive heart failure provided new insights into the hemodynamics and treatment of this condition. Most of the treated patients had severe hypertension complicated by congestive heart failure. Improvement in the signs and symptoms of heart failure were noted by a number of observers.4-7 Improvement was seen in clinical signs including orthopnea, dyspnea, decrease of heart rate, and clearing of pulmonary congestion. Hemodynamic studies in supine patients indicated an increase in cardiac output and a decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure accompanying the fall in systemic blood pressure.8 By contrast, cardiac output decreased in patients without failure. The improvement was not limited to the congestive heart failure associated with hypertension, but also
A medical image archive solution in the cloud

Growing long-term cost of managing an onsite medical imaging archive has been a subject which the health care industry struggles with. Based on the current trend, it is estimated that over 1 billion diagnostic imaging procedures will be performed in the United States during year 2014, generating about 100 Petabytes of data. The high volume of medical images is leading to scalability and maintenance issues with healthcare providers' onsite picture archiving and communication system (PACS) and network. Cloud computing promises lower cost, high scalability, availability and disaster recoverability which can be a natural solution some of the problems we faced for long-term medical image archive. A prototype system was implemented to study such as solution on one of the industry leading cloud computing platform, Microsoft Windows Azure. It includes a Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) server which handles standard store/query/retrieve requests; a DICOM image indexer that parses the metadata and store them in a SQL Azure database; and a web UI for searching and viewing archived images based on patient and image attributes. The comprehensive tools and functionality of Windows Azure made it an ideal platform to develop and deploy this kind of service oriented applications.
Spontaneous magnetization of the O(3) ferromagnet at low temperatures

We investigate the low-temperature behavior of ferromagnets with a spontaneously broken symmetry $\mathrm{O}(3)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{O}(2).$ The analysis is performed within the perspective of nonrelativistic effective Lagrangians, where the dynamics of the system is formulated in terms of Goldstone bosons. Unlike in a Lorentz-invariant framework (chiral perturbation theory), where loop graphs are suppressed by two powers of momentum, loops involving ferromagnetic spin waves are suppressed by three momentum powers. The leading coefficients of the low-temperature expansion for the partition function are calculated up to order ${p}^{10}.$ In agreement with Dyson's pioneering microscopic analysis of the cubic ferromagnet, we find that, in the spontaneous magnetization, the magnon-magnon interaction starts manifesting itself only at order ${T}^{4}.$ The striking difference with respect to the low-temperature properties of the O(3) antiferromagnet is discussed from a unified point of view, relying on the effective Lagrangian technique.
Age-adjusted nonparametric detection of differential DNA methylation with case-control designs

DNA methylation profiles differ among disease types and, therefore, can be used in disease diagnosis. In addition, large-scale whole genome DNA methylation data offer tremendous potential in understanding the role of DNA methylation in normal development and function. However, due to the unique feature of the methylation data, powerful and robust statistical methods are very limited in this area. In this paper, we proposed and examined a new statistical method to detect differentially methylated loci for case control designs that is fully nonparametric and does not depend on any assumption for the underlying distribution of the data. Moreover, the proposed method adjusts for the age effect that has been shown to be highly correlated with DNA methylation profiles. Using simulation studies and a real data application, we have demonstrated the advantages of our method over existing commonly used methods. Compared to existing methods, our method improved the detection power for differentially methylated loci for case control designs and controlled the type I error well. Its applications are not limited to methylation data; it can be extended to many other case-control studies.
Residency education in for-profit general hospitals ☆

Abstract In May, 1983, when the new University of Louisville teaching hospital was opened under the auspices of Humana Corporation, it became the first university hospital operated by a for-profit corporation. We describe the agreement that launched this venture and summarize the experiences of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences with Humana, Inc., during the past 3 years. We review our impressions of both the positive and negative effects that the for-profit managing style has had thus far on the teaching programs of the Department. Based on our experiences, there are financial and other benefits, but we think that there are also potential dangers for the future of psychiatric education inherent in the administration of a teaching hospital by a for-profit corporation. The “atmosphere of business” that pervades the climate of opinion in the United States in the 1980s and is merely epitomized by the increasing role of enterpreneurial groups in medicine can be antithetical to principles of psychiatry and has implications for psychiatric education in the future. Awareness of these developments is a task for psychiatric education and, when it is possible, comparative studies of residents and their programs in nonprofit and for-profit hospitals should be conducted.
On the infinite graphs that possess a group of primitive automorphisms

Resume La primitivite de l'action du groupe d'automorphismes A ( Г ) d'un graphe infini et localement fini Г sur son ensemble de sommets impose diverses conditions sur certains parametres et sur la structure generale de Г . On examine des relations entre la primitivite de A ( Г ) et la connectivite, le nombre de classes terminales, la planarite, et la croissance de Г .
Cytotoxicity of mitomycin C on clonogenic human carcinoma cells is not enhanced by hypoxia.

The bioreductive alkylating agent mitomycin C (mitomycin) has been shown to have greater activity under hypoxic than oxic conditions on murine cell lines such as the EMT-6 fibrosarcoma cell line. Solid tumors are known to contain hypoxic cells and are relatively resistant to ionizing radiation and some chemotherapeutic agents. We tested the cytotoxicity of mitomycin against fresh biopsies of human carcinomas under both hypoxic and oxic conditions in the human tumor clonogenic assay (HTCA). Additionally, we examined the metabolism of mitomycin by sonicates of the murine EMT-6 cells and the human WiDR colon carcinoma cells. We confirmed that under our clonogenic assay conditions the EMT-6 cell line was more sensitive to mitomycin under hypoxic than oxic conditions. Additionally, we established that EMT-6 cells also metabolize mitomycin at a more rapid rate under hypoxic than oxic conditions. However, these effects of hypoxia on mitomycin activity were not demonstrable for the human WiDR colon cancer cell line. In addition to these findings, the cytoxicity of mitomycin was either unchanged or reduced under hypoxic conditions for ten fresh human tumors tested for mitomycin sensitivity in HTCA. Based on these observations, we conclude that the potentiating effect of hypoxia on mitomycin metabolism and biological activity may be peculiar to the murine EMT-6 and S-180 cell lines and that mitomycin C is not likely to have differential efficacy against hypoxic human carcinoma cells.
A Self-Report Measure of Touching Behavior

Abstract A review of the literature shows that touching is an important part of social behavior and that a valid self-report measure of touching behavior is needed. This article describes the development and initial validation of such a measure. Three studies using American subjects provided evidence that the scale has good internal consistency. The studies also produced evidence of its validity: Scale scores were correlated with (a) two global self-ratings of touching behavior, (b) reported ratings of amount of family touching during childhood, (c) scores on a measure of attitude toward touching, and (d) peer ratings of touching behavior.
Effects of gender and gonadectomy on responses to chronic benzodiazepine receptor agonist exposure in rats

Gonadal steroid hormones or their derivatives have been shown to modulate the GABA receptor complex and GABA-mediated responses in a manner similar to the benzodiazepines. The present study examines if hormonal status modulates the development of tolerance and/or the neural adaptations in GABAA receptors associated with chronic benzodiazepine exposure. Anticonvulsant effects of diazepam were compared in groups of male, female, orchidectomized, and ovariectomized rats following acute (3 day) and chronic (3 week) exposure to diazepam-filled silastic implants. Results indicated that hormonal status did not significantly modify either the neural levels of drug resulting from the diazepam implants or the diazepam-induced increases in bicuculline seizure thresholds following acute (3 day) exposure. Unlike males and gonad-intact females, ovariectomized rats continued to display elevated seizure threshold values due to the diazepam released from the implants even after chronic diazepam exposure. This suggests that the tolerance to benzodiazepine actions observed in male and intact female rats was prevented by ovariectomy. Analysis of the anticonvulsant effects of additional challenge doses of diazepam in chronic diazepam-treated rats paradoxically suggested that benzodiazepine tolerance developed in all hormone groups. The discrepancies between these two tests of anticonvulsant tolerance may be related to the divergent neural GABAA receptor adaptations seen between hormone groups. Ovariectomized rats displayed a reduction in GABA IC50 values for [3H]bicuculline-thiocyanate binding in cortex following chronic diazepam exposure that was not observed in males or intact females. These results suggest that the diminution of ovarian steroid hormones may modulate the neural GABAergic changes associated with the development of tolerance to benzodiazepine actions during chronic agonist exposure.
EFFECTS OF TOCOPHEROLS AND β‐CAROTENE ON BEEF PATTIES OXIDATION

The effect of a tocopherol mixture (mainly composed of γ and O isomers) and β-carotene on lipid oxidation in cooked beef patties was studied. Ground beef was mixed with each or both compounds at designated concentrations. After mixing, cooking and storing at 4 ° 1C for 0, 2 and 5 days, the 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and hexanal peak areas were determined. The results slowed that β-carotene had no antioxidant activity in this system. The tocopherol mixture at 200 ppm level slowed down the lipid oxidation by 56.7% for 2 days and 61% for 5 days of storage in cooked meat at 4 ° 1C, respectively.
Critical energy of superconducting composites

Abstract The stability of superconducting composites is studied in one-dimensional geometry and critical quench energies are calculated by solving for the steady state temperature profile which gives the minimum energy. The present calculations give lower values for the critical energy than previous estimates. The calculations are shown to be applicable to both direct cooled and impregnated conductors. Critical energies are also calculated including the effect of temperature dependence of conductor properties.
The effects of the stimulus setting and of variability in delayed reinforcement on children's visual orientation and speed of lever movement☆

Abstract Sixty-four second-grade children performed a task that required them to move a lever in response to a tone. The reward was a marble which, upon completion of the response, fell into a box set directly above the lever. Half the S s were reinforced on a constant 16-second delay schedule, the remaining S s on a variable delay schedule consisting of an equal number of 4- and 28-second delay trials (mean delay = 16 seconds). Half the S s in each delay group performed in a “stimulus-rich” setting, designed to encourage visual orientation away from the reward-box (nonorientation), and half in a “stimulus-poor” setting, designed not to encourage non-orientation. The analysis of the scores for nonorientation during the delay periods revealed significantly longer nonorientation times for Group 16-rich than for any of the other groups. The experimental conditions, however, did not affect performance of the lever-moving response. The results are discussed in terms of their relevance for a competing response analysis of delayed reinforcement.
On classical scalar field theories and the relativistic kepler problem

Abstract Two versions of classical relativistic field theory corresponding to massless scalar exchange are compared. It is found that they lead to identical field equations but different equations of motion. The motion of one particle bound by the field of another, infinitely massive particle, i.e., the Kepler problem, is examined. In one case the path is an ellipse precessing through an angle equal to minus one-sixth the value predicted by general relativity. In the other case the path is an ellipse which does not precess. The relativistic Kepler problem in the latter case is identical to that formulated by Fronsdal, who started from an approximation to the Bethe-Salpeter equation.
Supported Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogels for Facilitated Transport of Histidine

A membrane was prepared to facilitate the transport of histidine by impregnating a microfiltration membrane with a chemically activated, polymer hydrogel. The rate of histidine diffusion through the membrane was measured with time; mass transfer coefficients and effective diffusion coefficients were determined for intermediate stages of sequential modification. Both supported and nonsupported hydrogel transport properties were compared and evaluated. Results indicated that the supported membrane was mechanically stable as compared to the unsupported membrane, and more significantly, that the addition of divalent copper facilitated the transport of histidine.
Managing a Group of Multiple Projects: Do Culture and Leader’s Competencies Matter?

In the literature, team culture has been suggested as one of the factors contributing to the success of a project. In essence, a project manager should create a culture emphasizing teamwork, communication, and knowledge sharing. Such a culture will lead to team effectiveness, which will eventually contribute to the project success. A question arises whether or not this notion is relevant in practices, especially in a multiple-project management setting where one project manager leads multiple, simultaneous projects (a management of a group of multiple projects—MGMP). To answer this question, the main objective of this study is to empirically explore the relevance of team culture in MGMP. The result of this study reveals a surprising finding that team culture does not contribute to the success of a project in MGMP. Other factors provide more significant contribution to project success.
Avian cochlear hair cell regeneration: stereological analyses of damage and recovery from a single high dose of gentamicin

Abstract Hair cell regeneration after acoustic trauma has been conclusively documented in birds. Previous studies of aminoglycoside ototoxicity have typically used 5–10 day courses of drug to damage the cochlea and trigger regeneration. This long-term lesion prevented analysis of the early events of regeneration. We set out to determine how much damage would occur and how recovery would proceed after a single high-dose injection of the aminoglycoside gentamicin. White Leghorn chicks were given a single high dose of gentamicin (100 mg/kg). Three post-injection survival groups with age-matched controls were studied: short-term (3–5 days), intermediate-term (2 weeks) and long-term (5 weeks). After sacrifice, cochleae were dissected and processed for scanning electron microscopy. Using stereological techniques, a quantitative analysis of cochlear hair cell counts along the proximal 50% of the cochlea was performed from scanning electron micrographs on 4–7 chicks from each group. Variable degrees of damage were seen 3–5 days after the drug injection. All hair cells were lost from the proximal 20% of the cochlea in all chicks. This complete hair cell loss could extend to 50% of the cochlea. Immature appearing hair cells could be first identified by their immature stereocilia at 3 days. Immature appearing hair cells were present in greatest number in regions which had been denuded of native hair cells and in regions where partial loss occurred. Interestingly, immature appearing hair cells also occasionally appeared in adjacent areas in which there was no apparent loss of native hair cells. Two-week survivors showed an elevation in hair cell number compared to controls in regions which had sustained damage and immediately adjacent regions. This elevation implies that an overproduction of hair cells might occur as part of the regeneration response. By 5 weeks after damage hair cell numbers approximated controls.
Distribution of intermediate polymers in the fibrinogen-fibrin conversion.

Abstract The effect of pH and hexamethylene glycol (HMG) on the initial course of the thrombin-fibrinogen reaction has been studied by means of flow birefringence, supplemented by sedimentation velocity measurements. As the polymerization proceeds the distribution of intermediate polymers depends on the pH, there being a significant number of relatively long particles before the gel point between pH 6 and 10 and shorter ones outside of this range. These polymers persist for long periods of time beyond the gel point but are probably ultimately bound into the gel network. Hexamethylene glycol appears to have a dissociating effect on the intermediate polymers. There appear to be many rapidly reversible equilibria between thrombin-activated fibrinogen and intermediate polymers of this activated material. However, not all these equilibria lead to the formation of stable intermediates, the range of stable intermediates depending on the pH. This phenomenon is thought to arise from the same electrostatic effects suggested by Shulman and Ferry (18) to explain the dependence of clotting time on pH in similar systems.