cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Elliptic Envelope Based Detection of Stealthy False Data Injection Attacks in Smart Grid Control Systems

State estimation is an important process in power transmission systems. Stealthy false data injection attacks (SF-DIA) against state estimation may cause electricity theft, minor disturbances or even outages. Accurate and precise detection of these attacks are very important to prevent or minimize damages. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised learning based scheme to detect SFDIA on the state estimation. The scheme uses random forest classifier for dimensionality reduction and elliptic envelope for detecting these attacks as anomalies. We compare the performance of the elliptic envelope method with four other unsupervised methods. All five models are trained and then tested with a dataset from a simulated IEEE 14-bus system. The results demonstrate that the elliptic envelope based approach provides the best detection rate and least false alarm rate among these five unsupervised methods.
Informational Rigidities and the Stickiness of Temporary Sales

We use unique price data to study how retailers react to underlying cost changes. Temporary sales account for 95% of price changes in our data. Simple models would, therefore, suggest that temporary sales play a central role in price responses to cost shocks. We find, however, that, in response to a wholesale cost increase, the entire increase in retail prices comes through regular price increases. Sales actually respond temporarily in the opposite direction from regular prices, as though to conceal the price hike. Additional evidence from responses to commodity cost and local unemployment shocks, as well as broader evidence from BLS data reinforces these findings. We present institutional evidence that sales are complex contingent contracts, determined substantially in advance. We show theoretically that these institutional practices leave little money “on the table”: in a price-discrimination model of sales, dynamically adjusting the size of sales yields only a tiny increase in profits.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
Role of standard and soft tissue chest radiography images in COVID-19 diagnosis using deep learning

In this study, we aim to investigate the role of standard and soft tissue chest radiography (CXR) images in the task of COVID-19 diagnosis at patient presentation using deep learning. The dataset consisted of the initial CXR exams of 6687 patients after their reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, 1040 (15.6%) of whom tested positive and 5647 (84.4%) of whom tested negative for COVID-19. Each CXR exam contained a standard image and a soft tissue image obtained either from dual-energy acquisition or postprocessing technology. A curriculum learning technique was employed to train the model on a sequence of gradually more specific and complex tasks by first fine-tuning a model optimized for natural images on a previously established CXR dataset to diagnose a broad spectrum of pathologies, then refining the model on another established dataset to detect pneumonia, and finally fine-tuning the model again on the COVID-19 dataset collected for this study. In the last phase of training, the COVID-19 positive/negative classification was performed on 1) the standard images, 2) the soft tissue images, and 3) the two combined via feature fusion. The classification performances were evaluated on a held-out test set of 1338 cases with the same disease prevalence as training and validation sets using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The three classification schemes with different inputs overall yielded AUC values of 0.76 [0.72, 0.80], 0.76 [0.73, 0.80], and 0.76 [0.72, 0.79]. When compared using the DeLong test, the three schemes yielded equivalent performances with an equivalence margin of ∆AUC = 0.05 was chosen prima facie. The value of the inclusion of soft tissue images will continue to be investigated in the segmentation and feature extraction of COVID-19 involvement, which may contribute to improving the performance of COVID-19 early diagnosis.
There is no such thing as a global consumer: Consumer Behavior & Culture: Consequence for Globing Marketing and Advertising, 3rd ed., edited by Markeke de Mooij, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., 2019, 451 pp., $60.00 (paperback), ISBN: 9781-5-44318-150-5

In this textbook, author Markeke de Mooij, a notable analyst in cross-cultural behavior, exposes myths that she suggests have been perpetuated by past marketing researchers when targeting consumers...
Fundamentals of Continuous Helicoid Auger Flighting Rolling—Deformation Mechanics, Kinematics, and Applications

An auger flighting is a helical-shaped circular product used to transfer bulk materials in broad applications. Continuous auger flightings are formed from straight steel strips by a specialty rolling mill. Because of the geometry and configuration of auger flightings, the rolling process is more complex than the ordinary longitudinal rolling. However, there is little published literature on the theoretical features of auger flighting rolling. In this article, the fundamental kinematics and mechanics of auger flighting rolling are mathematically developed. From these mathematical models, the contact area, rolling force, and torque are calculated and the affecting factors are evaluated. The slip characteristics between the strip and forming rolls and the effects of roll offset are studied. The article also provides design considerations, primarily for the main roll shafts and required rolling mill power. Finally, the application results are compared to the actual rolling readings and satisfactory agreement is obtained.
Overview and Future Challenges on III-V Integration Technologies in Silicon Photonics Platform

An overview of the work done at Intel Corporation on III-V integration with silicon photonics will be given, and future areas of development discussed.
Survey: A survey of state vectors

The theory of Turing machines, which is basic to proving the various limitations of computers, is quite well known. The theory of finite state automata, the basic hardware models such as Moore machines, Mealy machines, and their generalizations, are similarly well known. Our purpose here is to survey basic work done between 1958 and 1975 on still another mathematical model for computer science, the state vector model. In this model there are many variables, each with its own current value, rather than a single state; this makes the model closer to what happens in a real computer.
A new approach to the inverse Sturm-Liouville problem

Studying various inverse problems we usually have to consider two operators: one of them plays the role of an unperturbed the other the role of the perturbed operator. In view of this, it is natural to study the expansion of an arbitrary function in series or integrals of products of special solutions of two equations.
A Multi-modality Framework for Energy Efficient Tracking in Large Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper considers the problem of tracking real-world objects in a large scale area using distributed wireless sensor networks. Due to the limited power supply of wireless sensors, prediction based tracking mechanisms have been commonly used to conserve the energy consumption of the tracking algorithm. On the other hand in order to preserve the quality of tracking (QoS), appropriate recovery approaches have to be incorporated into the tracking algorithm since the prediction may fail due to network topology changes, blind areas, the uncertainty and unpredictability of real-world objects' motion, etc. In this paper, a multi-modality tracking framework is proposed and an n-step prediction tracking algorithm is evaluated in the framework. The proposed framework is suitable for the tracking system in which sensors are randomly deployed. This paper exhibits how the network of multi-modality wireless sensors can reduce the power consumption of the tracking and preserve the quality of tracking as well.
Defects in Prodigiosin Formation by L-Forms of Serratia marcescens

An L-form of Serratia marcescens has previously been shown incapable of producing the red pigment, prodigiosin, characteristic of the parent bacteria. Mutants of S. marcesens, unable to form one or the other of the two prodigiosin precursors, 4-methoxy-2,2′-bipyrrole-5-carboxaldehyde or 2-methyl-3-n-amylpyrrole, were used to test the nature of the L-form defect. The L-forms failed to form sufficient amounts of either precursor to be detected by the appropriate mutant, and, when furnished the precursors, failed to couple them to form prodigiosin.
Estimating eruption temperature from thermal emission spectra of lava fountain activity in the Erta'Ale (Ethiopia) volcano lava lake: Implications for observing Io's volcanoes

[1] We have analysed high-spatial-resolution and high-temporal-resolution temperature measurements of the active lava lake at Erta'Ale volcano, Ethiopia, to derive requirements for measuring eruption temperatures at Io's volcanoes. Lava lakes are particularly attractive targets because they are persistent in activity and large, often with ongoing lava fountain activity that exposes lava at near-eruption temperature. Using infrared thermography, we find that extracting useful temperature estimates from remote-sensing data requires (a) high spatial resolution to isolate lava fountains from adjacent cooler lava and (b) rapid acquisition of multi-color data. Because existing spacecraft data of Io's volcanoes do not meet these criteria, it is particularly important to design future instruments so that they will be able to collect such data. Near-simultaneous data at more than two relatively short wavelengths (shorter than 1 μm) are needed to constrain eruption temperatures. Resolving parts of the lava lake or fountains that are near the eruption temperature is also essential, and we provide a rough estimate of the required image scale.
"Lo-Fi to Hi-Fi": A New Metadata Approach in the Third World with the eGranary Digital Library

Digital information can bridge age-old gaps in access to information in traditionally underserved areas of the world. However, for those unfamiliar with abundant e-resources, their early exposure to the digital world can be like "drinking from a fire hose." For these audiences, abundant metadata and findability, along with easy-to-use interfaces, are key to their early success and adoption. To hasten the creation of metadata and user interfaces, the authors are experimenting with "crowd cataloging." This report documents their work and Maron's Lo-Fi to Hi-Fi metadata pyramid model guiding a developing metadata initiative being pursued with the eGranary Digital Library, the technology used by Widernet in a global effort to ameliorate information poverty. The Lo-Fi to Hi-Fi model, with principles adapted from technical design processes, aligns with research that has shown that community-based librarians are better poised to identify culturally congruent resources, but many require significant training in metadata concepts and skills. The model has students crowdsource "lo-fi" terms, which domain experts and information professionals can curate and cull in "hi-fi" to enhance findability of resources within the eGranary while simultaneously honing their own computer, information and metadata literacies. Though the focus here is on Africa, the findings and practices can be universalized to eGranaries around the globe, if successful.
Origin of chemical shift of manganese in lithium battery electrode materials—a comparison of hard and soft X-ray techniques

Abstract L-edge X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy and K β emission spectroscopy were applied to monitor ex situ chemical valence changes of manganese in battery electrode materials as they appear during electrode processing and battery operation. We found that significant chemical shifts of the spectra occur already during electrode fabrication, prior to any electrochemical treatment. Employment of these two different techniques allows for the qualitative separation of contributions originating from the surface and from the bulk of the electrode particles.
Increased insulin secretion associated with increased caloric intake in mild noninsulin-dependent diabetics.

The effect of increasing caloric intake on blood glucose regulation was investigated in nine mild, adult-onset diabetic patients treated by diet with or without oral hriypoglycemic agents. During the initial week of hospitalization, patients received their previously prescribed diet and oral hypoglycemic agents. Blood sugar and plasma insulin was determined before each meal, and 24-h glycosuria was quantitated. The diet was then increased by 500 cal/day each week until the basal calories doubled or the patient could not consume the additional food. The percentage distribution among carbohydrate, protein, and fat and feedings during the day were kept constant. In four of the patients, no significant increase in blood glucose was observed despite the doubling of caloric intake. In an additional four patients, only one of the four blood glucose determinations was significantly increased as a consequence of the increased calories. The plasma insulin values in six of these patients demonstrated significant inc...
Turbulent exchange of mass and momentum with a boundary

Visual observations by Fage and Townend of the behavior of a turbulent-flow strean near a boundary and experimental data by Lin, Moulton, and Putnam of concentratiol profiles near a boundary contradict the commonly held concept of the “laminar sublayer.” A model developed by Higbie and Danckwerts which is consistent with the visual obser vations of Page and Townend is used to describe the exchange of mass and heat between a turbulent fluid and a solid surface. It is postulated that masses of fluid are contiuously moving to and from the wall. The exchange process then depends on the average contact time of these fluid masses with the wall. The agreement of the concentration profile predicted on the basis of the proposed model with experimental mass transfer data where the exchange process is rate controlling lends support to the usefulness of the model. No equivalent data are available for velocity profiles. Velocity data represent a condition where the transport process within the fluid is playing an important role; however, in the immediate vicinity of the wall the proposed model might serve as a rough approximation of the profile. Such an approximation is made in this paper, and the agreement obtained is much better than should be expected.
Effects of Prostaglandin E1 Ethanol and TSH on the Adenylate Cyclase Activity of Beef Thyroid Plasma Membranes and Cyclic AMP Content of Dog Thyroid Slices

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in beef thyroid homogenates and isolated plasma membranes in a dose dependent manner. Effects were significant with, 1.4 × 10−7M PGE, and maximal with 1.4 × 10−5M PGE1. Larger doses (1.4 × 10−3M PGE1)had no effect on homogenates but caused a further stimulation of membrane adenylate cyclase. However, this was due to the ethanol used to dissolve the PGE1. The ethanol induced stimulation was linear over the concentration range 0.25% (v/v) t o 5%. Five percent ethanol stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in rat liver and kidney plasma membranes but not in homogenates of these tissues or of beef thyroid. Ethanol (1%) did not affect cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) levels in dog thyroid slices. It is suggested that ethanol can activate adenylate cyclase as a result of membrane perturbation. Neither aspirin (100 μg/ml), or indomethacin (10 μg/ml), blocked the effect of TSH on cyclic AMP levels or l−14C-glucose oxidation in dog thyro...
Calcium uptake mechanisms affected by some convulsant and anticonvulsant drugs

An anticonvulsant (phenytoin) and a convulsant barbiturate (5-(2-cyclohexylidene ethyl)-5-ethyl-barbituric acid) (CHEB) reduced depolarization-coupled 45Ca uptake by synaptosomes from rat brain. CHEB reduced uptake to the level of undepolarized control samples. Phenobarbital failed to affect synaptosomal 45Ca uptake. Phenobarbital inhibited mitochondrial 45Ca uptake by 38%. CHEB was even more effective, lowering mitochondrial 45Ca uptake nearly to the levels induced by the mitochondrial inhibitors KCN, ruthenium red and dinitrophenol. Phenytoin, phenobarbital and CHEB did not affect ATP-dependent 45Ca uptake by the endoplasmic reticulum in lysed synaptosomes. In view of the effect of CHEB, a known convulsant, in limiting Ca uptake by depolarized synaptosomes, an effect which was greater than either that of phenytoin or phenobarbital, an identification of such a mechanism with anticonvulsant or sedative properties may be oversimplified.
Effects of degree of interpersonal similarity on physical distance and self‐reported attraction: A comparison of uniqueness and reinforcement theory predictions

The apparently divergent similarity-attraction findings of the reinforcement theory and uniqueness theory researchers were investigated by exposing male (N = 45) and female (N = 45) subjects to conditions of slight, moderate, or high similarity relative to one comparison other. Similarity was manipulated by means of a bogus personality and attitude inventory. For the self-report measures, results consistent with reinforcement theory were obtained in that greater self-reported attraction to the partner was linearly related to increased similarity. Additionally, interpersonal distance was curvilinearly related to similarity. This distancing pattern reflected the fact that moderate similarity subjects positioned themselves relatively closer to the other person's chair than the slight or high similarity subjects. The physical distance results support the uniqueness theory notion that high similarity may have some aversive properties. The discrepancy between the physical distance and self-report results is discussed in terms of an implicit causal theory that subjects may have about interpersonal similarity (i.e., greater similarity is good).
Middle level thinking: the cultural mission of business schools

Purpose – Business education should be seen as a form of professional education which assists the student to acquire the virtue of practical wisdom. This article seeks to discuss the issues.Design/methodology/approach – A middle level thinking (MLT) approach is taken to engage business education and practice that seeks to fashion explicit and vibrant ties between broad ethical principles and the concrete decisions, policies, and processes which shape how an organization operates.Findings – The financial crisis of 2008 and past business scandals are symptoms of a broader cultural crisis. Universities and their business schools have contributed to this cultural crisis by providing students with an overly compartmentalized and specialized form of education. Business education must be re‐envisioned as professional education which prepares students to engage in a form of middle level thinking (MLT). For this kind of thinking to become sustainable within a university context, it must draw upon the university's ...
Restricted heterogeneity in T-cell antigen receptor V beta gene usage in the lymph nodes and arthritic joints of mice

Abstract We have used PCR to study the expression of T-cell antigen receptor beta RNA containing particular variable region (V) elements from transcripts directly in the cells isolated from joints and lymph nodes of B10.Q mice (H-2q) immunized with chicken type II collagen. Our data show that the T cells present in arthritic joints expressed only a few V beta transcripts--V beta 2, -6, -7, -8.2, -9, -10, and -15. V beta 6 and -8.2 were expressed predominantly (six out of seven animals) while others were expressed at a relatively low level in different animals. In lymph node cells, transcripts for V beta 6, -8.2, and -9 were detected in four out of seven animals. The data indicate that in collagen-induced arthritis there is a restrictive usage of TCR V beta elements and that V beta 6 and -8.2 are probably used preferentially.
Isolation of the inner acrosomal nuclear membrane complex from rabbit spermatozoa

Rabbit spermatozoa were passed through a Bio-Glas 2500 (BG) column to yield pure cytoplasmic droplets and consequently the droplet-free spermatozoa. Rapid decondensation of sperm nuclei was achieved by 1 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) and 1.5 M NaCl. This treatment caused removal of the plasma and the outer acrosomal membranes. The viscosity of decondensed nuclei was reduced by pancreatic DNase. Further elution of the suspension from BG column yielded a membrane complex. On the basis of electron microscopic observations and the enzyme analysis, these membranes appeared to be the inner acrosomal-nuclear membrane complex (IANC). The IANC was also prepared from isolated sperm head by DTT-NaCl and Dnasetreatment and low-speed centrifugation.
Cadmium-enriched cigarette smoke-induced cytological and biochemical alterations in rat lungs.

Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were exposed daily for 52 wk in a nose‐only exposure system to smoke from the University of Kentucky 2R1 reference cigarettes (SM) or from cigarettes made of cadmium‐enriched tobacco (Cd‐SM). At sacrifice, the animals were evaluated by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for inflammatory cell response in the lungs, and the cells so obtained were analyzed for phagocytosis of particles (latex and IgG‐coated SRBCs) and for their ability to release oxidants upon phagocytic challenge. Additionally, lung tissues were analyzed for Cd levels and lung homogenate fractions were assayed for aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) as well as total and selenium‐dependent glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activities. BAL cell counts showed a significant influx of inflammatory cells into the lungs of the Cd‐SM group but not the SM group. The proportion of neutrophils in the BAL cells of the Cd‐SM group was elevated to 40 ± 9%, compared with less than 2% in the SM group. Phagocytosis of both types of particles...
Influence of high density lipoprotein on esterified cholesterol stores in macrophages and hepatoma cells.

The ability of high density lipoproteins (HDL) to induce the clearance of cholesteryl esters from cultured cells has been explored. Studies using the J774 mouse macrophage cell line showed that these cells are not stimulated to clear esterified cholesterol upon exposure to HDL. This was observed over a wide range of HDL concentrations (10 to 1000 micrograms/ml HDL protein), and the lack of stimulation was not influenced by a number of factors relating to the preparation of the HDL, such as HDL subfraction, varying extents of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase modification, or heparin-Sepharose chromatography to remove particles containing apo E. Neither the method of loading the cells with esterified cholesterol nor the physical state of the lipid droplets affected the inability of HDL to elicit esterified cholesterol clearance. In the presence of the acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor, Sandoz 58-035, where a high level of intracellular free cholesterol was generated, efflux of only a small fraction of the excess free cholesterol to HDL was observed. J774 cells were able to clear esterified cholesterol efficiently in the presence of cholesterol-free apolipoprotein HDL/phospholipid particles, indicating that the cells have the capacity to clear esterified cholesterol. Fu5AH hepatoma cells and P388.D1 mouse macrophage cells also failed to clear esterified cholesterol in response to HDL. In contrast, mouse peritoneal macrophages cleared esterified cholesterol efficiently to HDL, indicating that there are fundamental differences between mouse peritoneal macrophages and the other cells types studied in regard to cholesterol metabolism as influenced by HDL.
The Landlord-Tenant Relation in a Low-Income Area

This paper examines a dimension of the housing conditions of the urban poor that has been largely ignored—namely, the nature of the relationship between landlords and tenants. By its very nature, a conflict of interest exists within this relationship. But various strategies initiated primarily by landlords minimize overt conflict. If the landlord is not immediately dependent on a given tenant, the relationship tends to be marked by impersonality and consequent disinterest in the housing situation. When owners are less independent of their tenants, personalization of the relationship occasions non-economic reliance of the tenant upon the landlord. In attempting to prevent or minimize conflict, the conditions that underlie conflict of interests are not relieved. Such efforts tend, rather, to contribute to the situation that we find problematic.
A perspective on wellness: A physician's prescription for enhanced patient care

With the beginning of the 21st century, medicine has seen the expansion of clinical interventions that could not have been predicted. Physicians trained in allopathic medicine embrace integrative medicine, prospective medicine, holistic medicine, and various permutations on comprehensive medicine. Recommendation for promoting wellness is often ignored. Wellness prescription complements every physician's practice irrespective of specialty. It requires physician to incorporate wellness strategy as a primary intervention. A prescription for wellness should include promotion of physical activity, healthy nutrition practices, management of stress, enhancements of individual relationships and recognizing awareness between mind, body, and spiritual components.
Diffusivity of oxygen in a non-Newtonian saline solution

Abstract The mass transport of oxygen to a rotating disc has been measured in a non-Newtonian saline solution using electrochemical polarization techniques. The diffusivity has been obtained from a comparison of the experimental results with the theoretical expression for the mass flux of Hansford and Litt. Results are presented for Polyox WSR301 concentrations varying from 0 to 10 000 parts per million by weight.
Extralunar sources for carbon on the moon.

Contrary to previous assumptions, the solar wind may not be the only source of lunar carbon, possibly contributing as little as 50 ppm carbon to the lunar surface fines. Because of uncertainties about the true composition of the solar wind, it is impossible to be definite in any calculation. Meteorites and comets, previously assumed to be negligible contributors, might account for 5–10 ppm carbon via a cycle of carbon through the lunar atmosphere. Carbon isotope ratio measurements have the potential of greatly clarifying the situation, but key data are missing.
Thoracic manipulation versus mobilization in patients with mechanical neck pain: a systematic review

AbstractObjectives:Thoracic manipulation is widely used in physical therapy and has been shown to be effective at addressing mechanical neck pain. However, thoracic mobilization may produce similar effects. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the current literature regarding the effectiveness of thoracic manipulation versus mobilization in patients with mechanical neck pain.Methods:ProQuest, NCBI-PubMed, APTA's Hooked on Evidence, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus were searched to identify relevant studies. Fourteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale and the GRADE approach.Results:The literature as assessed by the PEDro scale was fair and the GRADE method showed overall quality ranging from very low to moderate quality. The 14 included studies showed positive outcomes on cervical pain levels, range of motion, and/or disability with the use of thoracic manipulation or mobilization. There was a paucity of lite...
Penicillin-Aminoglycoside Synergy in Experimental Streptococcus viridans Endocarditis

In vitro synergism has been described for many strains of Streptococcus viridans with penicillin and streptomycin; however, the in vivo correlation of this phenomenon is lacking. Rabbits with catheter-induced aortic valve endocarditis caused by S. viridans (MIC, 0.06 [tg/ml) were treated with penicillin, penicillin plus streptomycin, and penicillin plus gentamicin. The bacteria were eradicated from the cardiac vegetations in approximately one-half of the time with the penicillinaminoglycoside combinations (three to four days) than was required with penicillin alone (seven to 10 days), as determined by titrations of viable bacteria from vegetations and relapse after discontinuation of therapy.
Morse Decompositions for delay-differential equations

Abstract The attractor for the scalar delay-differential equation x ˙ ( t ) = − f ( x ( t ) , x ( t − 1 ) ) is shown to possess a Morse Decomposition, under the hypothesis of a negative feedback condition in the delay term. Using this decomposition, we prove results on the asymptotic rate of oscillation of solutions of the initial value problem. Existence of both slowly and rapidly oscillating periodic solutions is also proved.
Adhesive polymer-dispersed liquid crystal films

An adhesive polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) film with low cohesive strength is formed by the solvent- and polymerization-induced phase separation of PlatSil Gel-10 and nematic liquid crystal 4-n-pentyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl (5CB). We find that the director configuration of the dispersed 5CB droplets is sensitive to the nature of the surface in contact with the adhesive PDLC film. When the adhesive PDLC film is placed on a rubbed polyimide film, the dispersed 5CB droplets show a parallel configuration. While on 3M Scotch tape, the dispersed 5CB droplets switch to a vertical configuration. The cohesive mechanical failure of the adhesive PDLC film allows us to repeatedly print a thin PDLC film into structural and orientational patterns on substrates.
Physical and Functional Association of a Trimethyl H3K4 Demethylase and Ring6a/MBLR, a Polycomb-like Protein

Histone methylation is a posttranslational modification regulating chromatin structure and gene regulation. BHC110/LSD1 was the first histone demethylase described to reverse dimethyl histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4). Here we show that JARID1d, a JmjC-domain-containing protein, specifically demethylates trimethyl H3K4. Detailed mapping analysis revealed that besides the JmjC domain, the BRIGHT and zinc-finger-like C(5)HC(2) domains are required for maximum catalytic activity. Importantly, isolation of native JARID1d complexes from human cells revealed the association of the demethylase with a polycomb-like protein Ring6a/MBLR. Ring6a/MBLR not only directly interacts with JARID1d but also regulates its enzymatic activity. We show that JARID1d and Ring6a occupy human Engrailed 2 gene and regulate its expression and H3K4 methylation levels. Depletion of JARID1d enhanced recruitment of the chromatin remodeling complex, NURF, and the basal transcription machinery near the transcriptional start site, revealing a role for JARID1d in regulation of transcriptional initiation through H3K4 demethylation.
Nesting habitat of Belding’s Savannah sparrows in coastal salt marshes

Although the Belding’s Savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis beldingl) is listed as endangered in California, little is known about the factors that affect its abundance and distribution. Numbers of breeding pairs, nesting territory sizes, and vegetation characteristics were measured at fourteen study plots in two southern California coastal wetlands, Tijuana Estuary and Los Penasquitos Lagoon. Sparrows nested in middle salt marsh habitat in areas of dense pickleweed (Salicornia virginica) or saltgrass (Distichlis spicata). No nesting territories were found in transitional upland or low marsh habitat. Territory sizes were highly variable and significantly larger at Tijuana Estuary. Territory size may be related to nest site availability and water levels at time of establishment. More research is needed on the effects of habitat quality on reproductive success and territory size.
Deficits in response inhibition and attention in rats rendered mentally retarded by early subcortical brain damage

Young rats with lesions to either the globus pallidus, substantia nigra, median raphe, or pontine reticular formation have previously been reported to be deficient in learning a wide variety of laboratory tasks. In the current study, weanling rats subjected to one of these lesions were rested for three weeks, then examined for acquisition and extinction of a water-motivated straight alley task, and finally tested on luminous flux discriminations of increasing difficulty. All brain-damaged groups were slower than the controls in extinguishing the alley task and only the median raphe group failed to show an impairment on the discrimination problems. These results and others suggest that the foregoing lesions produce deficits in inhibitory and attentional processes. The possibility is discussed that young rats bearing these lesions might serve as a model for the investigation of the neurobiological and cognitive disturbances underlying certain classes of mental retardation in children.
Wormhole initiation and propagation of emulsified acid in carbonate cores using computerized tomography

Abstract Emulsified acids are widely used for stimulating carbonate reservoirs. This study examines alternate ways to evaluate the performance of emulsified acids by using a non-destructive visual-based technique. Using advanced image processing software and techniques, it was possible to examine the dissolution patterns created by emulsified acids at different operating conditions. Computerized Tomography (CT) was successful in monitoring wormhole initiation and growth inside carbonate core plugs during the injection of emulsified acid. The emulsified acid systems used were successful in creating a barrier for the acid allowing its slow release away from the injection face. The reaction appeared to take place simultaneously at different places inside the core resulting in channels, which later joined together to form a continuous wormhole between the inlet and outlet ends of the core plug. The presence of natural channels (vugs, stylolites, etc.) and higher concentrations of calcite may help faster wormhole initiation. Injection rate appeared to be the most important factor affecting emulsified acid performance in terms of wormhole initiation and growth (faster injection caused faster wormhole initiation and consequently, its growth). Animations based on CT-scanner generated data and created using advanced three-dimensional (3-D) image processing packages proved to be extremely useful in observing the changes taking place inside the cores during emulsified acid injection. The methodology developed for conducting the test and evaluating the image data can be applied to other tests involving visual-based evaluation of laboratory treatments.
FURTHER STUDIES ON ARTIFICIAL PARTHENOCARPY

IN THIS study on induced parthenocarpy the writer has had two objects in mind: to test out new compounds and to obtain further information on the mechanism of fruit development. The following new compounds have been used: 9,10-di-n-propyl-9,10dihydroxy 9,10 dihydro-1 ,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene and its potassium salt; 9-phenanthrylacetic acid and its potassium salt; theelin (oestrone); methyleholanthrene; Skatol; crude oestrin from pregnancy urine; 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene; N-methyl-pyrrole-2,5-dipropionic acid; pyrrole-%-acetic acid; pyrrole-om-carboxylie acid; and the potassium indole acetate. These compounds were chosen for various reasons. Some were chosen because they have shown oestrogenic properties, others because of carcenogenic activities, others because they have been reported to cause growth in plants, while still others were chosen because it was thought there might be a correlation betwveen inolecular structure and effectiveness in stimulating fruit development. The first four compounds were synthesized by Prof. Bachmann, and the pyrrole compounds were made by Mr. Safir, under the direction of Prof. Blicke, all of the Chemistry Department at the University of Michigan. The potassium indole acetate was made from indole acetic acid bought from Eastman Kodak Company. At the time the potassium indole acetate was made and used in experiments with tobacco, there was no published record of it having been used as a growth hormone, but since then Avery, Burkholder, and Creighton (1937) and also Zimmerman and Hitchcock (1937) have published on its groxvth activity. It should, however, be remembered that salts have previously been supplied to plants in buffered growth substance solutions, and in 1935 Thimann used the sodium salts of indole-, indene-, and cumaryl-acetic acids. The pyrrole compounds have not been used heretofore as growthpromoting substances. Their synthesis is exceedingly difficult. In examining the structure of the compounds that have been found to be active, it occurred to the writer that the pyrrole group might be the active radiele in the indole compounds. Pyrrole acetic, -propionic, and -butyric acids were not available
Analysis of Organic matter from cloud particles

Organic matter collected from filtration of two separate cloud events was analysed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Particles collected from different size filters were separated by color and each type of particle gave rise to a characteristic spectrum. The major constituents were identified as complex proteins and cellulose. Additionally, some degraded material (likely protein) and an unidentified orange-brown material were present. Finally some trace components were identified as wax, oil, silicon oil, polyvinyl chloride, calcium carbonate, clay, sand and polyethylene.
Introduction: papers from the National Institutes of Health State-of-the-Science Conference on Improving End-of-Life Care

A 1997 Institute of Medicine report cited growing public concern about the quality of care in the U.S. health care system for persons at the end of life. The National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), the lead Institute at the National Institutes of Health for end-of-life research, has conducted a number of public forums to gather information and to assist in identifying research priorities. The complexity of biomedical research requires new methods of discovery, and scientists must use a broad approach and explore new models of team science. In December 2004, NINR and the NIH Office of Medical Applications of Research, along with many co-sponsors, held an interdisciplinary State-of-the-Science Conference on Improving End-of-Life Care. The conference panel identified many gaps in our current state of knowledge and provided suggestions for future research directions. This supplement presents papers from a distinguished group of scientists with a wide range of backgrounds who participated in this state-of-the-science conference.
Variations in the recovery of carbon-14 in colored samples treated with peroxide.

Abstract Treatment of colored samples with peroxide resulted in a loss of carbon-14. The proportion of counts lost varied in different biological samples even though the tracer was the same. Treatment of different amino acids with peroxide resulted in wide variations in their destruction. The results showed that the routine use of peroxide to decolorize samples may have serious drawbacks.
Electron-Electron Scattering in the High-Temperature Thermal Resistivity of the Noble Metals

Recently reported values for the Lorenz function of the noble metals show, at high temperatures, deviations from the expected standard value. These deviations can be satisfactorily explained, both in magnitude and temperature variation, in terms of normal electron-electron scattering.
Distributed and adaptive power-aware scheduling of wireless sensor networks

In this paper, we propose a power-aware sleep scheduling scheme for a randomly deployed wireless sensor network comprising of sensors with varying footprints, akin to those of RF- or radar-based sensors. For this scheme, we first relate the performance of a sensor to its available power and then extend this relationship to the performance of the entire network. Then, to compensate for the effects of decrease in available power, we propose probabilistic scheduling controllers that maintain a desired probability of event detection. The key novelty in this work as compared to our previous work is that the proposed scheduling controller does not make any assumptions about the power decay model, which makes it suitable for practical implementation. Moreover, the proposed controller can also take care of increase in available power which is possible in practical systems with energy harvesting technologies. In addition to maintaining desired event detection probability, the proposed scheme is completely decentralized since it requires neither any global information nor any local communication for computing the control parameter at any time.
"Ta daaaa": Presenting Pig Iron Theatre Company

If the recent attention given to Pig Iron Theatre Company is any indication, 2010 may be the year of the pig. Although the group's founders met 20 years ago, it was their 2003 show James Joyce Is Dead and So Is Paris: The Lucia Joyce Cabaret and the 2010 production of Chekhov Lizardbrain that landed the Philadelphia group in the New York theatre scene. Pig Iron's abiding investment in adaptation's possibilities and continued commitment to physically intricate performance is now being passed on through their latest venture: a training program in physical theatre.
Predictors of Retention and Passing the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses

Using Seidman’s retention formula as a theoretical foundation, this study investigated historical data from a Bachelor of Science (BSN) nursing program to determine whether the admission variables of the preprogram grade point averages (GPA), American College Testing (ACT) scores, anatomy and physiology course grades, and/or the Health Education System Inc. (HESI) Exit Exam scores could predict completing the nursing program, as well as passing the NCLEX-RN. A significant relationship (p < 0.01) was identified between the preprogram GPA, ACT scores, anatomy grades, and the HESI Exit Exam scores with the completion of the BSN program and passing the NCLEX-RN.
Differential responsiveness to agents which stimulate cAMP production in normal versus neoplastic mouse lung epithelial cells.

Abstract We examined the responsiveness of normal and neoplastic lung cells to agents which stimulate cAMP production. While their basal cAMP levels were similar, spontaneous in vitro transformant E9 cells and tumor-derived PCC4 cells produced much less cAMP in response to 1 μM isoproterenol compared to non-tumorigenic C10 cells derived from normal mouse lung epithelium. Iodocyanopindolol binding studies indicated that both neoplastic lines contained fewer β-adrenergic receptors than normal C10 cells. When receptors were bypassed via treatment with 10 pM cholera toxin, the pattern of cAMP-responsiveness was reversed; both neoplastic cell lines produced more cAMP than C10 cells. Direct stimulation of adenylate cyclase with 100 μM forskolin greatly increased cAMP concentrations in all three cell lines. These anomalies at both the receptor and G-protein levels in neoplastic lung epithelial cells may contribute to their deregulated growth.
Insulin levels, hunger, and food intake: An example of feedback loops in body weight regulation.

The paper reviews studies considering whether hyperinsulinemia, and its resultant effects on adipose tissue mass, can alter perceived hunger, taste, and food consumption. It also describes work addressing the reciprocal question of whether cues associated with food can affect insulin response. Specifically, four general categories of studies are presented. First, studies considering the causes and physiological consequences of chronic hyperinsulinemia are reviewed. Second, work investigating environmental and cognitive influences on insulin secretion are described. These show that high acute levels of insulin can be produced by simply seeing and thinking about food and that individuals showing this response show a greater tendency toward weight gain in a food-abundant environment. Third, studies are covered in which direct manipulations of insulin level, controlling for blood glucose, are performed. These experiments show that elevations in insulin produce increased hunger, heightened perceived pleasantness of sweet taste, and increased food intake. Finally, a study is described that considers how different insulin levels, produced by the type of food ingested, may affect subsequent food intake. Together, these studies show that "overeating" is caused by a complex feedback system of environmental, behavioral, and biological factors.
Formation of chloropyromorphite in a lead-contaminated soil amended with hydroxyapatite.

To confirm conversion of soil Pb to pyromorphite [Pb{sub 5}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}Cl], a Pb contaminated soil collected adjacent to a historical smelter was reacted with hydroxyapatite in slurries of soil and hydroxyapatite separated by a dialysis membrane and incubated. A crystalline precipitate formed on the dialysis membrane in the slurry systems was identified as chloropyromorphite. Soluble species measured in the soil slurry indicated that dissolution of solid-phase soil Pb was the rate-limiting step for pyromorphite formation. Additionally samples reacted with hydroxyapatite were incubated at field-capacity moisture content. The sequential chemical extraction used to identify species in the field-moist soil incubation experiment showed that hydroxyapatite treatment reduced the first four fractions of extractable Pb and correspondingly increased the recalcitrant extraction residue fraction by 35% of total Pb at 0 d incubation and by 45% after 240 d incubation. the increase in the extraction residue fraction in the 240 d incubation as compared to the 0 d incubation implies that the reaction occurs in the soil but the increase in the hydroxyapatite amended 0 d incubated soil as compared to the control soil illustrates the chemical extraction procedure caused changes in the extractability. Thus, the chemical extraction procedure cannot easily be utilized to confirm changes occurring in the soil as a result of incubation. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy indicated that the 240 d incubated hydroxyapatite treatment caused a change in the average, local molecular bonding environment of soil Pb. Low-temperature EXAFS spectra (chi data and radial structure functions - RSFs) showed a high degree of similarity between the chemical extraction residue and synthetic pyromorphite. Thus, confirming that the change of soil Pb to pyromorphite is possible by simple amendments of hydroxyapatite to soil.
Pressurized, nonlinear membranes with proportional stresses

Abstract The geometrically exact, axisymmetric equations for some general nonlinearly elastic membranes are examined in the case of constant internal pressure. Particular attention is paid to the scenario wherein the hoop stress is proportional to the meridional stress.