cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The application of maximum entropy processing to the deconvolution of coupling patterns in NMR

Abstract The deconvolution of J -coupling patterns in NMR by iterative maximum entropy processing is demonstrated. Both the in-phase and the antiphase coupling patterns are considered. The deconvolution of the coupling pattern, either for one value of the coupling constant (1D J deconvolution) or for a range of coupling constants (2D J deconvolution) is shown. It is demonstrated that the method can be used for improving the signal-to-noise ratio for known coupling patterns by removing the coupling structure, as well as for extracting coupling constants from an unknown spectrum. Examples are shown both in 1D NMR and in slicewise processing of 2D spectra.
The Role of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Patients With Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma

The term epigenetics refers to modifications in gene activity that occur without directly affecting the DNA sequence, and irregularities in cellular epigenetics have been implicated in the development of a number of malignancies. As such, there is considerable interest in the anticancer effects of agents that can modify cellular epigenetics. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors represent a class of anticancer agents that have shown promise in the treatment of both solid and hematologic malignancies. Although there are a number of HDAC inhibitors in advanced stages of clinical development, vorinostat, and more recently, romidepsin, are currently the only HDAC inhibitors approved for use. Vorinostat was approved in the United States in 2006 for the treatment of cutaneous manifestations of T-cell lymphoma in patients with progressive, persistent, or recurrent disease on or following 2 systemic therapies. Romidepsin was approved in the United States in 2009 for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) in patients who have received ≥ 1 prior systemic therapy. This review aims to assess the clinical progress that vorinostat and other HDAC inhibitors have made in symptom relief and treatment of patients with CTCL and to provide practical advice for the management of associated toxicities.
Identification and analysis of parasite surface antigens and parasite-induced antigens on host cells

Abstract In this review a rational approach is presented toward the analysis of parasite surface antigens as they are relevant to problems of vaccination and strain variation. Techniques are described for the identification of surface proteins by radiochemical and immunological methods and the subsequent purification of these molecules. Examples are given where purified parasite surface antigens have been analyzed by radioimmunoassay and by other protein structural techniques to determine whether the antigens vary between different parasite isolates.
Rehydration of desiccated intertidal brown algae: Release of dissolved organic carbon and water uptake

The release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jol. and Fucus vesiculusus L. during rehydration was investigated after desiccation under experimental conditions. During 30 min of rehydration of plants which had lost up to 70% of their water, A. nodosum released about 2 to 10 mg C/100 g dry weight, while F. vesiculosus released 10 to 50 times more. When dried to water losses exceeding 70%, plants of both species yielded similar amounts of DOC, approximating 2 g C/100 g dry weight. Considerable variance in the amounts of DOC released by individual plant of both species was observed over the whole range of water losses tested. Among the DOC released, the portion of carbohydrate-C was O to 5% with A. nodosum but 2 to 47% with F. vesiculosus. This difference was most pronounced when less than 100 mg C/100 g dry weight were released. A. nodosum regained a smaller percentage of its original weight than F. vesiculosus after 30 min of rehydration when more than 30% of fresh weight were lost during desiccation. Curves were obtained which enable the estimation of water losses in naturally desiccated specimens within 30 min.
Simulating non-Kolomogorov Phase Screens

A method for simulating turbulence-corrupted phase screens for the case of non-Kolmogorov power law and finite inner and outer scales is presented. The sub-harmonic approach of Lane [1] is used. Simulated structure functions are compared to theoretical values where possible with excellent agreement.
Value Implications of The Functional Theory of Deviance

Theories of deviance are often evaluated in terms of their presumably inherent ideological potential. The functional theory of deviance is a case in point. It has been evaluated as inherently conservative, particularly by the “critical criminologists.” We argue that such a characterization is superficial and misleading. We examine the theory and conclude that it is not inherently ideological and that indeed its value implications are more radical than is generally thought to be the case.
Light scattering by randomly oriented cubes and parallelepipeds.

In this paper, the geometric ray tracing theory for the scattering of light by hexagonal cylinders to cubes and parallelepipeds has been modified. Effects of the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index and aspect ratio of the particle on the scattering phase function and the degree of linear polarization are investigated. Causes of the physical features in the scattering polarization patterns are identified in terms of the scattering contribution due to geometric reflections and refractions. The single-scattering phase function and polarization data presented in this paper should be of some use for the interpretation of observed scattering and polarization data from planetary atmospheres and for the physical understanding of the transfer of radiation in an atmosphere containing nonspherical particles.
Coordinated strategy for automatic voltage control of wind farm

An AVC strategy coordinating the wind farm substation central compensation devices and doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) is proposed to solve the voltage and reactive power issue caused by large scale wind farm integration. The first goal of this strategy is to bind the voltage of the point of interconnection of wind farm to the reference value given by the higher level control, and the second goal is to give priority to the reactive power output of DFIGs to ensure the dynamic compensation devices could have enough reactive power reserves and meanwhile equipoise voltage reserves among all the controlled DFIGs. The strategy is based on the real time monitoring and control platform, and the interior point filter algorithm is used to solve such a multi-objective optimization model. The simulation results of a wind farm in North China validate the proposed model and strategy.
Pool boiling of drag-reducing polymer solutions

The effect of drag-reducing polymeric additives on the critical heat flux and minimum film boiling temperature in subcooled pool boiling of water has been experimentally examined. Three water-soluble polymers, viz. a polyethylene oxide (Aldrich No. 18946-4), a polyacrylamide (Separan AP-30), and a galactomannan polysaccharide (Galactasol-211) have been examined at concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 wppm.
Early Effect of Epinephrine on Aqueous Formation in the Normal Human Eye

Abstract: Epinephrine hydrochloride (1% base) and an identically formulated placebo were instilled as a single dose into the right/left pairs (random assignment) of four groups of eight young normal subjects at various times of the day. Beginning at the same time of day, each subject of each group underwent determination of the rate of aqueous formation (flow) using ionto phoretically applied fluorescein as a dye tracer. In group A, the drug was instilled one hour after the beginning of the seven-hour flow measurement; in group B, two hours before; in group C, 12 hours before; and in group D, 24 hours before the flow study had begun. There was no statistically significant ( P
Fibulin-1 is required for bone formation and Bmp-2-mediated induction of Osterix

The extracellular matrix protein Fibulin-1 (Fbln1) has been shown to be involved in numerous processes including cardiovascular and lung development. Here we have examined the role of Fbln1 in bone formation. Alizarin red staining of skulls from Fbln1-deficient mice showed reduced mineralization of both membranous and endochondral bones. MicroCT (μCT) analysis of the calvarial bones (i.e., frontal, parietal and interparietal bones collectively) indicated that bone volume in Fbln1 nulls at neonatal stage P0 were reduced by 22% (p=0.015). Similarly, Fbln1 null frontal bones showed a 16% (p=0.035) decrease in bone volume, with a reduction in the interfrontal bone, and a discontinuity in the leading edge of the frontal bone. To determine whether Fbln1 played a role in osteoblast differentiation during bone formation, qPCR was used to measure the effects of Fbln1 deficiency on the expression of Osterix (Osx), a transcription factor essential for osteoblast differentiation. This analysis demonstrated that Osx mRNA was significantly reduced in Fbln1-deficient calvarial bones at developmental stages E16.5 (p=0.049) and E17.5 (p=0.022). Furthermore, the ability of Bmp-2 to induce Osx expression was significantly diminished in Fbln1-deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts. Together, these findings indicate that Fbln1 is a new positive modulator of the formation of membranous bone and endochondral bone in the skull, acting as a positive regulator of Bmp signaling.
Screening for celiac disease in family members : Is follow-up testing necessary?

Celiac disease is a genetically determined intolerance to gluten that results in villous atrophy in the small intestine. Because celiac disease occurs in families, relatives of affected individuals are tested for the disease. However, there are no evidence-based guidelines for when, or how often, to test relatives. Our goal was to determine if one-time screening of relatives is sufficient. Of 171 family members with an initially negative endomysial antibody who were tested on more than one occasion, 6 (3.5%) were positive on repeat testing. The average time to seroconversion was 1.7±1.2 years (range, 6 months–3 years 2 months). Only one of the seroconverters had diarrhea; the remainder were asymptomatic. None of the patients had a change in symptoms between testing. We conclude that one-time testing for celiac disease among families with affected members is insufficient. Repeat testing should occur irrespective of the presence of symptoms.
A Parametric Moving Target Detector for Distributed MIMO Radar in Non-Homogeneous Environment

This paper considers moving target detection (MTD) with distributed multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radars in non-homogeneous environments, where the received disturbance signal (clutter and noise) exhibits non-homogeneity in not only power but also covariance structure from one transmit-receive (TX-RX) antenna pair to another as well as across different test cells. To address this problem, we introduce a parametric approach by employing a set of distinctive auto-regressive (AR) models, one for each TX-RX pair, to model the non-homogeneous disturbance signals. We develop a parametric generalized likelihood ratio test (PGLRT), referred to as the MIMO-PGLRT detector, for MTD in distributed MIMO radars. The MIMO-PGLRT detector, which consists of local adaptive subspace detection, non-coherent combining using local decision variables, and a global threshold comparison, is shown to asymptotically achieve constant false alarm rate (CFAR). We also investigate the target velocity estimation problem, an integral part of MTD, and develop its maximum likelihood estimator. The Cramer-Rao bound, in both the exact and asymptotic forms, respectively, is examined to shed additional light to the problem. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Age-associated changes in human T cell phenotype and function

We used a limiting dilution method to estimate the proportion of T lymphocytes that could respond to PHA by producing IL- 2, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy adult donors ranging in age from 18 to 81 years. The donors were selected using the guidelines of the SENIEUR protocol to exclude samples from donors not in optimal health. The frequency of PHA responsive, IL- 2 producing T cells was found to decline with age, even though there was no corresponding change in the proportions of cells expressing the CD3 or CD4 determinants. There was, however, a statistically significant increase in the proportion of CD4 and CD8 cells expressing the CD45R0 determinant, thought to be a marker for memory T cells, and a corresponding decline in cells expressing the CD45RA marker found on naive peripheral T cells. The decline in the proportion of mitogen- reactive T cells in older donors, although statistically significant, was smaller than that seen in studies of aging mice, probably because the assay conditions for human T cell function are preferentially stimulatory for memory T cells, which accumulate in old age. (Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 6: 25- 34, 1994)
Nutrient Content of Special Fed Veal Ribeyes

The nutrient content of special fed veal (SFV) was analyzed and compared to previously reported values for veal and beef. Ribeyes of SFV from 8 different U.S. producers were analyzed for moisture, total fat, protein, cholesterol, folacin, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, B6, B12, vitamin A, pantothenic acid, 16 amino acids and 8 minerals. Special fed veal was found to be similar in nutrient content to reported values for beef and veal with one exception; the Fe content of SFV was 14–25% of reported values for beef.
Mechanisms of Adhesion in Geckos

SYNOPSIS. The extraordinary adhesive capabilities of geckos have challenged explanation for millennia, since Aristotle first recorded his observations. We have discovered many of the secrets of gecko adhesion, yet the millions of dry, adhesive setae on the toes of geckos continue to generate puzzling new questions and valuable answers. Each epidermally-derived, keratinous seta ends in hundreds of 200 nm spatular tips, permitting intimate contact with rough and smooth surfaces alike. Prior studies suggested that adhesive force in gecko setae was directly proportional to the water droplet contact angle ( u) , an indicator of the free surface energy of a substrate. In contrast, new theory suggests that adhesion energy between a gecko seta and a surface (WGS) is in fact proportional to , and only for u . 608. A reanalysis of prior ˇ(1 1 cosu) data, in combination with our recent study, support the van der Waals hypothesis of gecko adhesion, and contradict surface hydrophobicity as a predictor of adhesion force. Previously, we and our collaborators measured the force production of a single seta. Initial efforts to attach a seta failed because of improper 3D orientation. However, by simulating the dynamics of gecko limbs during climbing (based on force plate data) we discovered that, in single setae, a small normal preload, combined with a 5 mm displacement yielded a very large adhesive force of 200 microNewton (mN), 10 times that predicted by whole-animal measurements. 6.5 million setae of a single tokay gecko attached maximally could generate 130 kg force. This raises the question of how geckos manage to detach their feet in just 15 ms. We discovered that simply increasing the angle that the setal shaft makes with the substrate to 30 8 causes detachment. Understanding how simultaneous attachment and release of millions of setae are controlled will require an approach that integrates levels ranging from molecules to lizards.
Hidden Conditional Random Fields

We present a discriminative latent variable model for classification problems in structured domains where inputs can be represented by a graph of local observations. A hidden-state conditional random field framework learns a set of latent variables conditioned on local features. Observations need not be independent and may overlap in space and time.
Does Household Composition Explain Welfare Regime Poverty Risks for Older Adults and Other Household Members

Objectives. This cross-national study examines the poverty of older adults and their household members and relates the risk of poverty to macrolevel state approaches to welfare as well as to microlevel composition of households. Methods. Data on individuals in households with older adults for 22 countries come from the Luxembourg Income Survey. Robust cluster analysis relates the risk of poverty to the type of state welfare regime; the characteristics of the household head (age, gender, marital status, and education); as well as the household’s numbers of earners, older adults, and children. Results. Persons in households with older adults are signifi cantly less likely to be poor in countries with social democratic and conservative welfare regimes than in Taiwan, an exemplar of limited social welfare programs. Controlling for country differences in household composition increases the differences in poverty risks. Living with fewer children, more older adults, and more earners lowers the risk of poverty, as does having a married and better educated household head.
Analog circuit design based on neural networks

Neural networks have been studied for many years with the hope of achieving human-like performance in such fields as speech and image recognition. A recent resurgence has resulted from VLSI advances, neural network models, and learning algorithms. Neural networks are also very suitable in certain areas such as NP-complete constraint and satisfaction problems, due to the nature of parallel and distributed processing. Neural network models are composed of a mass of fairly simple computational elements and rich interconnections between the elements. Neural networks operate in a parallel and distributed fashion which may resemble biological neural networks. Behaviors of neurons and the strengths of synaptic interconnections are simulated by operational amplifiers and resistors respectively. Several examples are presented, including how to build neural network components based on analog circuits for simulating neural networks and conventional logic circuits. >
Capturing Java naming conventions with first-order Markov models

We analyze naming conventions for classes, interfaces, methods, and fields across 12,151 open-source Java projects. This vocabulary data is then used to train first-order Markov models to classify entity names, as well as to assess adherence to common naming structure. Preliminary results yield an accuracy of 78.34%. Supplementary material may be found at: http://sourcerer.ics.uci.edu/icpc2009/icpc.html.
β-Adrenergic receptor blockade blunts postexercise skeletal muscle mitochondrial protein synthesis rates in humans

β-Adrenergic receptor (AR) signaling is a regulator of skeletal muscle protein synthesis and mitochondrial biogenesis in mice. We hypothesized that β-AR blockade blunts postexercise skeletal muscle...
Toward a Theory of Paradox: A Dynamic equilibrium Model of Organizing

As organizational environments become more global, dynamic, and competitive, contradictory demands intensify. To understand and explain such tensions, academics and practitioners are increasingly adopting a paradox lens. We review the paradox literature, categorizing types and highlighting fundamental debates. We then present a dynamic equilibrium model of organizing, which depicts how cyclical responses to paradoxical tensions enable sustainability—peak performance in the present that enables success in the future. This review and the model provide the foundation of a theory of paradox.
Parameter estimation and investigation of a bolted joint model

Mechanical joints are a primary source of variability in the dynamics of built-up structures. Physical phenomena in the joint are quite complex and therefore too impractical to model at the micro-scale. This motivates the development of lumped parameter joint models with discrete interfaces so that they can be easily implemented in finite element codes. Among the most important considerations in choosing a model for dynamically excited systems is its ability to model energy dissipation. This translates into the need for accurate and reliable methods to measure model parameters and estimate their inherent variability from experiments. The adjusted Iwan model was identified as a promising candidate for representing joint dynamics. Recent research focused on this model has exclusively employed impulse excitation in conjunction with neural networks to identify the model parameters. This paper presents an investigation of an alternative parameter estimation approach for the adjusted Iwan model, which employs data from oscillatory forcing. This approach is shown to produce parameter estimates with precision similar to the impulse excitation method for a range of model parameters.
Analysis and control of floating-body bipolar effects in fully depleted submicrometer SOI MOSFET's

Floating-body effects triggered by impact ionization in fully depleted submicrometer silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFETs are analyzed based on two-dimensional device simulations. The parasitic bipolar junction transistor (BJT) effects are emphasized, but the kink effect and its disappearance in the fully depleted device are first explained physically to provide a basis for the BJT analysis. The results of simulations of the BJT-induced breakdown and latch phenomena are given, and parametric dependences are examined to give physical insight for optimal design. The analysis further relates the DC breakdown and latch mechanisms in the fully depleted submicrometer SOI MOSFET to actual BJT-related problems in an operating SOI CMOS circuit. A comprehensive understanding of the floating-body effects is attained, and a device design to control them utilizing a lightly doped source (LDS) is suggested and shown to be feasible. >
Passive Listening and Intrusion Management in Commodity Wi-Fi Networks

We examine a widely accepted myth about passive listening in wireless networks, and give a detailed description of how to achieve real "passive listening." Then we develop a lightweight intrusion management system called LIMS for commodity Wi-Fi networks. Our system employs novel techniques to increase network resilience to passive and active attacks that could reveal the WEP/WPA-PSK shared key. LIMS has the following nice properties: i) it requires neither specialized hardware nor modification to existing security protocols (e.g, WEP and WPA); ii) the proposed mechanism can be integrated with an access point in a plugin manner; iii) it provides a cost-effective security enhancement to Wi-Fi networks by incorporating free but mature software tools; iv) it has the ability to prevent a certain class of DoS attacks.
Optimization of a WDM optical packet switch with wavelength converters

This paper investigates a wavelength-division-multiplexed optical packet switch with wavelength converters which can shift optical packets to any wavelength of their destined outbound links. Wavelength conversion can reduce packet dropping probability due to wavelength contentions. However, not all the packets need conversion, and hence conversion should be optimized to reduce the number of converters and improve the quality of signals by reducing unnecessary conversion. We derive the maximum number of conversions in a packet switch with l inbound/outbound links and w wavelengths per link and develop a switch control algorithm to minimize the number of wavelength conversions while maintaining the same minimum number of dropped packets. Simulation results show that the packet dropping probability decreases significantly with wavelength conversion and that fewer converters than the maximum number of conversions are needed.
The Longest "Legal" U.S. Same-Sex Couples Reflect on Their Relationships

Vermont was the first U.S. state to create a legal status for same-sex couples (civil unions). Same-sex couples who entered into civil unions during the first year of availability were asked to reflect on their relationship 3 years later. Written essays from 452 members of civil union couples were analyzed via thematic analysis. Most couple members considered the civil union to be highly significant, providing increased benefits and legitimacy. Some couple members did not consider the civil union to be as significant; they mentioned that civil unions were not the same as marriage, did not reflect the longevity of their relationship, or that their family of origin was still unsupportive. Some couple members got involved in political action to legalize their relationship and some had since gotten married in Canada, Massachusetts, or elsewhere. The implications of these findings for understanding minority stress, relationship investment, and future directions are discussed.
Five-year colon surveillance after screening colonoscopy.

Background & Aims: Outcomes of colon surveillance after colorectal cancer screening with colonoscopy are uncertain. We conducted a prospective study to measure incidence of advanced neoplasia in patients within 5.5 years of screening colonoscopy. Methods: Three thousand one hundred twenty-one asymptomatic subjects, age 50 to 75 years, had screening colonoscopy between 1994 and 1997 in the Department of Veterans Affairs. One thousand one hundred seventy-one subjects with neoplasia and 501 neoplasia-free controls were assigned to colonoscopic surveillance over 5 years. Cohorts were defined by baseline findings. Relative risks for advanced neoplasia within 5.5 years were calculated. Advanced neoplasia was defined as tubular adenoma greater than ≥10 mm, adenoma with villous histology, adenoma with high-grade dysplasia, or invasive cancer. Results: Eight hundred ninety-five (76.4%) patients with neoplasia and 298 subjects (59.5%) without neoplasia at baseline had colonoscopy within 5.5 years; 2.4% of patients with no neoplasia had interval advanced neoplasia. The relative risk in patients with baseline neoplasia was 1.92 (95% CI: 0.83–4.42) with 1 or 2 tubular adenomas Conclusions: There is a strong association between results of baseline screening colonoscopy and rate of serious incident lesions during 5.5 years of surveillance. Patients with 1 or 2 tubular adenomas less than 10 mm represent a low-risk group compared with other patients with colon neoplasia.
Group-IV quantum cascase laser operating in the L-valleys

We design a lattice-matched Ge/Ge0.76Si0.19Sn0.05 quantum cascade laser emitting at 49 mum. This particular alloy composition gives a ldquocleanrdquo conduction band offset of 150 meV at L-valleys with all other energy valleys sitting higher in energy.
Quantum circuit complexity

We propose a complexity model of quantum circuits analogous to the standard (acyclic) Boolean circuit model. It is shown that any function computable in polynomial time by a quantum Turing machine has a polynomial-size quantum circuit. This result also enables us to construct a universal quantum computer which can simulate, with a polynomial factor slowdown, a broader class of quantum machines than that considered by E. Bernstein and U. Vazirani (1993), thus answering an open question raised by them. We also develop a theory of quantum communication complexity, and use it as a tool to prove that the majority function does not have a linear-size quantum formula. >
Displacement spike crystallization of amorphous germanium during irradiation

Thin films of metastable amorphous germanium (700 ± 100 A thick), prepared by evaporation on rocksalt, were bombarded with either fast neutrons or monoenergetic Xe+ ions at room temperature. Subsequent examination by bright and dark field transmission electron microscopy revealed that small discrete crystallized regions (ranging up to several hundred A in size) were produced throughout the amorphous matrix by the irradiation. The fast neutron irradiation resulted in a linear increase in the density of crystallized regions with neutron doses ranging from 0 to 5.1 × 1016 n cm−2 and a most probable crystallized region size of 190 A. The monoenergetic Xe+ ion bombardment (covering a range of incident energies) resulted in a most probable crystallized region size very closely equal to the calculated ion range for incident ion energies from 40 to 90 keV. Also, a low (< 40keV) and a high (⩾140keV) Xe+ ion energy cutoff for the production of crystallized regions were observed. Other furnace annealing experiments with similar amorphous films showed that they crystallized completely near 400°C as a result of ordinary homogeneous heating. The results were explained on the basis of “displacement spike crystallization”, where the concentration of kinetic energy in the displacement cascade region was capable of inducing crystallization of the amorphous structure. Experimental evidence was presented which indicated that the crystallization was confined to the displacement cascade region and therefore required the intense atomic agitation characteristic of the early stages of a displacement spike.
Single molecule sensing with carbon nanotube devices

Nanoscale electronic devices like field-effect transistors have long promised to provide sensitive, label-free detection of biomolecules. In particular, single-walled carbon nanotubes have the requisite sensitivity to detect single molecule events and sufficient bandwidth to directly monitor single molecule dynamics in real time. Recent measurements have demonstrated this premise by monitoring the dynamic, single-molecule processivity of three different enzymes: lysozyme, protein Kinase A, and the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I. In each case, recordings resolved detailed trajectories of tens of thousands of individual chemical events and provided excellent statistics for single-molecule events. This electronic technique has a temporal resolution approaching 1 microsecond, which provides a new window for observing brief, intermediate transition states. In addition, the devices are indefinitely stable, so that the same molecule can be observed for minutes and hours. The extended recordings provide new insights into rare events like transitions to chemically-inactive conformations.
An Information-Theoretic Approach to Steganography and Watermarking

A theoretical model for steganography and digital watermarking is presented, which includes a stego encoder, a stego channel and a stego decoder. The first part states the basic steganographic and watermarking problems in terms of mutual information of the involved quantities such as the secret message, the stego message and the modified stego message. General lower bounds on the robustness-related mutual information are derived. In the second part, perfect steganography is considered and some new schemes are presented that achieve perfect secrecy and provide robustness against some attacks. In the last part, the robustness of some simplistic schemes is evaluated by tight lower bounds on the robustness-related mutual information. From these bounds, two criteria for robust embedding are derived.
Archiving Data from New Survey Technologies: Enabling Research with High-precision Data While Preserving Participant Privacy

Abstract Despite the significant effort and expense to collect high-resolution Global Positioning System (GPS) data in travel surveys, privacy concerns often lead to its underutilization. This paper describes development of the Transportation Secure Data Center (TSDC) to address this dilemma of providing data access while preserving privacy. The TSDC operating structure was developed in consultation with an advisory committee and includes: a secure enclave with no external access for backing up and processing raw data, a publicly accessible website for downloading cleansed data, and a secure portal environment through which approved users can work with detailed spatial data using a variety of tools and reference information.
Basing the Pacific: Exceptional Spaces of the Wilkes Exploring Expedition, 1838-1842

During the 1890s, the United States seized colonies in the Pacific as business and political leaders struggled to find a way out of the post-bellum economic crises that were repeatedly shocking American society, crises which were increasingly taking the form of the open class welfare. Between 1881 and 1905 there were more than 37,000 labor strikes in the United States. During the American age of empire, socialism and anti-imperialism were legitimate political discourses and active social movements that offered alternatives to the construction of the Pacific as a militarized American Lake. State intellectuals and captains of industry, working through an emergent mass media, managed to shift the defining question of the period from capital versus labor to a question of the home market versus overseas markets.
Brokering power

Few U.S. industries have been as directly affected by public policy as electric power. From its beginning, the industry that provides us with electric energy has been at the center of shifting public debates over its structure and the form of its ownership. New policies drastically affecting the industry have been adopted in response to serious problems. Those policies, however, either failed to address other problems that became more severe or created new, unintended problems. New policies were then adopted to again restructure the industry, and the cycle repeated itself.
The Influence of Various Levels of Ground Ear Corn and Alfalfa Hay in the Bovine Diet on the Development of the Face Fly

Ground ear corn was fed to an Angus cow in increasing percentages to study the effect of fecal pH, percent fecal moisture, and percent fecal crude protein on larval mortality and pupal weight of the face fly, Musca autumnalis DeGeer. As the percent ground ear corn in the bovine diet increased, the percent mortality of face fly larvae developing in the feces tended to increase, with 100% mortality occurring in the feces after the bovine had consumed 5.448 kg of ground ear corn. Fecal pH fell from 6.92 to 5.58 and percent moisture and percent crude protein varied slightly as the percent ground ear corn in the diet increased.
153. Efficient Expression of mRNA PEG-Peptide Polyplexes in Mouse Liver

The delivery of mRNA has garnered much attention in recent years as genome editing techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9, Zinc Finger endonucleases, and TALEN endonucleases have been developed. The short-term protein expression offered by mRNA is attractive in these situations, where long-term expression could cause unwanted side-effects. mRNA also has the chief advantage of not needing to enter the nucleus to produce protein, a major barrier to successful nonviral DNA delivery. However, mRNA is highly susceptible to degradation by nucleases, and methods must be developed to stabilize it in the bloodstream before it can used effectively in vivo. PEGylated polyacridine peptides1 have been shown to protect plasmid DNA in the bloodstream for up 12 hours through a combination of nuclease protection and scavenger receptor inhibition2, and the protected DNA was shown to remain transfection competent by the delayed hydrodynamic dosing of normal saline. In this study, PEGylated polyacridine peptides were used to form stabilized luciferase mRNA polyplexes. In vitro transcription of a codon optimized mRNA construct containing both a 5’ and 3’ β-globin untranslated regions (UTRs). This mRNA was found to be 2000-fold more efficient at expressing luciferase in mouse liver when delivering a 1 mg dose hydrodynamically compared to mRNA lacking UTRs. The gene transfer efficiency in mouse liver increased an additional 15-fold when HD-dosing 1 mg of UTR-mRNA polyplex. The combined use of UTR-mRNA and PEGylated polyacridine peptide increased the expression efficiency in liver 3500-fold over the only prior report of hydrodynamically delivered mRNA in liver3. PEGylated polyacridine peptide, but not a simple polylysine PEG-peptide lacking acridine groups, was able to protect UTR-mRNA polyplexes from direct serum digestion for up to 30 minutes, demonstrating that a PEGylated polyacridine peptide binds to and stabilizes double stranded regions in native mRNA.
High-throughput protein binding end-points and kinetics in microarrays using label-free OI-RD microscopes

The potential of biomolecular microarrays on glass for high-throughput kinetics assays has not previously been fully exploited. We demonstrate real-time label-free optical detection of antibodies binding to drug-antigen microarrays using oblique-incidence reflectivity difference (OI-RD) microscopes.
Racial/Ethnic Disparity in NICU Quality of Care Delivery

BACKGROUND: Differences in NICU quality of care provided to very low birth weight ( METHODS: Prospective observational analysis of 18 616 very low birth weight infants in 134 California NICUs between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2014. We assessed quality of care via the Baby-MONITOR, a composite indicator consisting of 9 process and outcome measures of quality. For each NICU, we calculated a risk-adjusted composite and individual component quality score for each race and/or ethnicity. We standardized each score to the overall population to compare quality of care between and within NICUs. RESULTS: We found clinically and statistically significant racial and/or ethnic variation in quality of care between NICUs as well as within NICUs. Composite quality scores ranged by 5.26 standard units (range: −2.30 to 2.96). Adjustment of Baby-MONITOR scores by race and/or ethnicity had only minimal effect on comparative assessments of NICU performance. Among subcomponents of the Baby-MONITOR, non-Hispanic white infants scored higher on measures of process compared with African Americans and Hispanics. Compared with whites, African Americans scored higher on measures of outcome; Hispanics scored lower on 7 of the 9 Baby-MONITOR subcomponents. CONCLUSIONS: Significant racial and/or ethnic variation in quality of care exists between and within NICUs. Providing feedback of disparity scores to NICUs could serve as an important starting point for promoting improvement and reducing disparities.
Obstetrical Etiologies of Abdominal Pain

Abdominal pain in the gravid female can have an intrinsic obstetrical cause. The range of pain symptomatology spans from minor aches and discomfort to catastrophic phenomena that can well be life-threatening to the mother and/or her fetus.
Late extrusion of intrastromal corneal ring segments: A report of two cases

Purpose:To report two cases of patients with late extrusion following uneventful implantation of intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) for myopia. Observations:Two patients with previously implanted ICRS for low myopia presented with spontaneous onset of extrusion of their ICRS, one at 7 years post-operatively and the other at 17 and 20 years. Both cases underwent explantation and maintained excellent best-corrected visual acuity. These cases represent the longest reported intervals between implantation of the ICRS and subsequent extrusion. Conclusions and importance:Late extrusion can occur many years following implantation of ICRS, even in eyes without pre-existing thinning or ectasia. The technique for explantation described herein can result in favorable clinical outcomes in such cases. These cases demonstrate the importance of long-term follow up of eyes that have undergone ICRS implantation.
Discussion of 'Does the Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Allowance Signal Firm Creditworthiness?'

This discussion paper provides commentary on "Does the deferred tax asset valuation allowance signal firm creditworthiness?"
Emotional Contagion and Social Judgment

This study examined the influence of another's emotional expressions and individual differences in responsivenes s to afferent feedback on attention, evaluations, and memory. In a mixed design, participants (N = 71) rated pictures following exposure to a "sender" in a neutral mood and then in either a happy or sad mood. Attention, ratings, and recall evidenced a bias characteristic of the sender's mood: Participants spent more time viewing happy and sad pictures following exposure to the happy and sad sender, respectively; ratings by participants exposed to the happy and sad sender were more positive and negative, respectively, and this effect was greater for those more cue-responsive; participants recalled more pictures congruent with the sender's mood and those more cue-responsive exposed to the sad sender exhibited impaired memory characteristic of the effect of sadness on memory. Findings suggest that exposure to even mild emotional expressions can influence cognition and behavior and this effect is greater for those more responsive to cues generated by afferent feedback. It has long been observed that people tend to "catch" the emotions of others and to feel what those around them are feeling (Darwin, 1872/1965; Jung, 1968; Reik, 1948). We may be swept away by a child's laughter, cringe while watching a painfully shy person speak in public, or feel sad after spending time with a depressed person. Although elements of empathy, such as conscious reasoning, imagination, and perspective-taking, aid in understanding how another person is feeling, Hatfield, Cacioppo, and Rapson (1992,1994) have proposed that people may "catch" the emotions of others as a result of afferent feedback generated by elementary motor mimicry of others' expressive behavior (Bavelas, Black, Lemery, & Mullett, 1987)
Quantitative Genetic Analysis of the Maize Leaf Microbiome

The degree to which an organism can affect its associated microbial communities ("microbiome") varies by organism and habitat, and in many cases is unknown. We address this question by analyzing the metabolically active bacteria of the maize phyllosphere across 300 diverse maize lines growing in a common environment. We performed comprehensive heritability analysis for 49 community diversity metrics, 380 bacterial clades (individual operational taxonomic units and higher-level groupings), and 9042 predicted metagenomic functions. We find that only a few few bacterial clades (5) and diversity metrics (2) are significantly heritable, while a much larger number of metabolic functions (200) are. Many of these associations appear to be driven by the amount of Methylobacteria present in each sample, and we find significant enrichment for traits relating to short-chain carbon metabolism, secretion, and nitrotoluene degradation. Genome-wide association analysis identifies a small number of associated loci for these heritable traits, including two loci (on maize chromosomes 7 and 10) that affect a large number of traits even after correcting for correlations among traits. This work is among the most comprehensive analyses of the maize phyllosphere to date. Our results indicate that while most of the maize phyllosphere composition is driven by environmental factors and/or stochastic founder events, a subset of bacterial taxa and metabolic functions is nonetheless significantly impacted by host plant genetics. Additional work will be needed to identify the exact nature of these interactions and what effects they may have on the phenotype of host plants.
“Behold, the Lord’s Whore”? Slavery, Prostitution, and Luke 1:38

In Luke 1:38, Mary acknowledges that she is to bear a son, calling herself the δούλη κυρίου, “the Lord’s slave.” The ambiguity surrounding the “how” of her conception raises numerous sexual questions. Specifically, what might it mean in such an ancient, sexualized context to label oneself a slave? Though Mary submits to God, her master (κύριος), some early hearers of Luke’s story surely would have pictured this submission in conformity to the slave conditions familiar to them. Therefore, the slippery connections between the conditions of the δούλη and the πόρνη (“prostitute”) in the first and second centuries ce become relevant. In other words, it is probable that some would have heard Mary’s submission as δούλη κυρίου as her professing to be the πόρνη κυρίου, “the Lord’s whore.” After arguing the plausibility of this potentially shocking reading, this article turns to the work of theorist Gayle Rubin to consider its implications.
Are Church and State “Mutually Conducive”?

CRANSTON: Any discussion of the relation of democracy and the “kingdom of God” should logically start with Judaism. But because of problems connected with the international establishment of the state of Israel1 and its special ethnic/religious requirements for citizenship,2 the case is too anomalous to be used as a springboard for generalizations. So by default we are left with the somewhat more generalizable problem of the relationship of democracy to Christianity.
Dietary exposure to a binary mixture of polybrominated diphenyl ethers alters innate immunity and disease susceptibility in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).

Abstract Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been used as flame retardants in consumer products and are now found in the aquatic environment. The presence of PBDEs puts the health and survival of aquatic species at risk due to the various toxic effects associated with exposure to these compounds. The effects of a binary dietary mixture of PBDEs on innate immunity and disease susceptibility of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were examined in the present study. Salmon were fed roughly 1:1 mixtures of two environmentally predominant PBDE congeners, BDE-47 and BDE-99. The six resulting whole body total PBDE concentrations ranged from less than the limit of quantification to 184 ng/g, wet weight (ww). The innate immune system was assessed by using two in vitro macrophage function assays. Specifically, assays that examined the ability of head kidney macrophages to: (1) engulf sheep red blood cells (SRBCs); and (2) produce a respiratory burst, as determined by the production of a reactive oxygen species, superoxide anion. Macrophages from salmon fed the BDE-47/99 mixture diets engulfed more SRBCs and produced greater superoxide anion than salmon fed the control diet. An increase in macrophage function was observed in fish with whole body total PBDE concentrations ranging from 2.81 ng/g, ww to 184 ng/g, ww. The mechanism for this increase in macrophage function due to PBDE exposure is currently unknown, but may be due to the ability of PBDEs to act as an endocrine receptor agonist and/or antagonist. Salmon exposed to the BDE-47/99 mixture diets were also challenged with the pathogenic bacteria, Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum to determine disease susceptibility. Kaplan-Meier survival curves of fish exposed to the BDE-47/99 mixture and control diets were significantly different. The Cox proportional hazard risk ratios of disease-induced mortality in juvenile Chinook salmon with whole body concentrations of total PBDEs of 10.9, 36.8, and 184 ng/g, ww were significantly greater than the fish fed the control diet by 1.56, 1.83 and 1.50 times, respectively. Not all concentrations of the binary mixture diets had significant hazard ratios relative to the control diet, due to a non-monotonic concentration response curve. The mixture of PBDE congeners resulted in interactive effects that were generally non-additive and dependent upon the congener concentrations and metric examined. Consequently, predicting the interactive effects in juvenile Chinook salmon exposed to mixtures of PBDE congeners on innate immunity and disease susceptibility cannot be readily determined from the adverse effects of individual PBDE congeners.