cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Absence of Corneal Toxicity With Low-Level Topical Anesthesia

By means of an osmotic pump we infused 0.3% proparacaine solution continuously into the central stroma of a rabbit cornea. An area of anesthesia about 6 mm in diameter was maintained for several days. The epithelium remained unaffected and healed normally where it was scraped away in the anesthetic area. Similarly, the repeated instillation into the rabbit's eye of 0.05% proparacaine eyedrops at ten-minute intervals throughout the day resulted in continual anesthesia without signs of epithelial dystrophy. It seems that the toxic level of proparacaine is above that required for anesthesia.
Crisis‐intervention training with paraprofessionals

Effects of brief crisis-intervention training with paraprofessionals were examined by randomly assigning 41 dormitory resident assistants to one of two conditions. Participants in the first received four hours of training in knowledge and skills associated with three crisis-intervention roles: helper, behavior-change agent, and referral source; those in the second served as untrained controls. All then completed an assessment battery including knowledge tests, role-played interviews, and postinterview questionnaires. Results showed trained resident assistants scored significantly higher than did those untrained on substantive knowledge, interviewing skills, recall of interview content, correctness of clinical judgments and referral suggestions, and overall crisis-intervention competence. Participant evaluations of the workshop indicated high satisfaction with content, process, and trainers.
On the structure of oscillatory boundary layers

An empirical analysis is performed on the most detailed, recent measurements of turbulent oscillatory boundary layer flow. The measurements show that throughout elevations where the flow can be considered horizontally uniform, one deficit model is sufficient for describing the fundamental mode. Some general properties of the non dimensional velocity deficit D1(z) appear with striking consistency. First of all the identity ln ¦D1¦ ≡ Arg D1, which is a theoretical result for smooth laminar flow, seems to hold with great accuracy for a large range of turbulent flow conditions as well. This is of principal theoretical interest because all previous analytical eddy viscosity models as well as numerical mixing length models predict a consistent and fairly large difference between Arg D1 and ln ¦D1¦. If the identity between ln ¦D1¦ and Arg D1 extends all the way to the bed, it means that the bed shear stress leads the free stream velocity by 45 degrees. It is also found that the structure of smooth turbulent oscillatory flows as measured by Kalkanis (1964) corresponds to a sharp maximum in the normalized energy dissipation rate.
Ras signaling modulates activity of the ecdysone receptor EcR during cell migration in the Drosophila ovary.

Ecdysone Receptor (EcR) mediates effects of the hormone ecdysone during larval molts, pupal metamorphosis, and adult female oogenesis. In the ovary, egg chamber formation requires interactions between the somatic follicle cell (FC) epithelium and the germ line nurse cell/oocyte cyst. Previous work has shown EcR is required in the germ line for egg chamber maturation, and here we examine EcR requirements in the FC at late stages of oogenesis. EcR protein is ubiquitous in the FC but its activity is restricted, visualized by activity of the “ligand sensor” hs-GAL4-EcR ligand binding domain fusion and EcRE-lacZ reporter gene expression. GAL4-EcR is activated in the FC by an ecdysone agonist and repressed by tissue-specific Ras GTPase signals. To determine the significance of restricted sites of EcR activity in the FC, we used targeted misexpression of the dominant negative EcR (EcR-DN) molecules EcR F645A and EcR W650A . EcR-DN expression at stage 10 reduced EcRE-lacZ expression in the nurse cell FC and resulted in abnormal FC migrations, including aberrant centripetal migration and dorsal appendage tube formation, leading to the formation of cup-shaped eggs with shortened, branched dorsal appendages at stage 14. Clones of FC expressing EcR-DN displayed cell-autonomous increases in DE-cadherin expression and abnormal epithelial junction formation. EcR-DN expression caused thin eggshell phenotypes that correlated with both reduced levels of chorion gene expression and reduction in chorion gene amplification. Our results indicate that tissue-specific modulation of EcR activity by the Ras signaling pathway refines temporal ecdysone signals that regulate FC differentiation and cadherin-mediated epithelial cell shape changes. Developmental Dynamics 236:1213‐1226, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Subclinical infection of the silicone breast implant surface as a possible cause of capsular contracture.

In order to reexamine the possible association between bacterial presence and capsular contracture, 55 silicone devices (mammary implants or tissue expanders) were cultured at the time of their removal from 40 patients. Special culture techniques were used in an attempt to recover bacteria adhering to the smooth-surfaced implant and encased in glycocalyx biofilm. Bacteria were detected on 56% (15 of 27) of implants surrounded by contracted capsules and on 18% (5 of 28) of those without capsular contracture (p < 0.05). Only three implants tested positive using routine plating techniques. The predominant isolate was Staphylococcus epidermidis. The concept that capsular contracture is associated with subclinical infection of silicone implants is supported by this study. With changes in the microbiological technique, bacterial recovery and growth occurs at a frequency greater than previously thought.
The relationship superiority effect is moderated by the relationship context

Abstract Previous research has identified the perceived superiority effect, defined as the tendency to regard one's own relationship as better than other people's relationships, as a cognitive maintenance mechanism that supports commitment to close relationships. The present research was designed to test the hypothesis that the perceived superiority effect is moderated by the relationship context — that is, to whom one's relationship is being compared. Two different measures based on a spontaneous thought-listing procedure demonstrated that the perceived superiority effect is significantly stronger when comparing one's own relationship to the relationships of people in general than to the relationships of close friends. Correlational analyses suggested that this difference may reflect people's tendency to experience close friends' outcomes as personal outcomes.
Global precipitation mission: microwave rainfall retrievals and error models

The planned Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) consists of a core satellite carrying a state-of-the-art dual frequency precipitation radar and a passive microwave radiometer. In addition, the GPM concept uses a constellation of satellites carrying passive microwave radiometers in order to achieve three hourly rainfall sampling. This constellation consists of radiometers on operational satellites such as the current SSM/I series, as well as some that are planned specifically as part of the GPM mission. As such, GPM is both a satellite "mission", as well as a concept designed to combine the many international assets into a coherent framework. In order to achieve this conceptual benefit, however, it is imperative that we develop algorithms and error models that allow a coherent description of rainfall to emerge from wide ranging sets of sensor capabilities. This paper will discuss work being performed to develop such a framework for the algorithms.
Survey of computer-supported collaboration in support of business processes

Business process via collaboration can benefit from the Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) community. The purpose of this paper is to provide a survey of CSCW research to examine the current IT-based collaboration techniques capable of supporting business processes. The CSCW field is categorised by the issues tackled by researchers. Each category is analysed based on past approaches and present achievements; trends for future research and development are then predicted. Finally, we discuss how CSCW research can facilitate distributed business process integration and management.
mLearning: Anytime, anywhere learning transcending the boundaries of the educational box

In the age of our mobile learning, an impending onus is placed on educational institutions to embrace this technological innovation that is widely accepted, used, and available globally. The clear societal value of mobile technology as a productivity tool for engagement, creation, and collaboration has generated a new need for education to revisit existing instructional paradigms constrained by physical walls and time. Mobile learning (mLearning) creates a venue to promote a culture of participation where learners and leaders alike can engage in combined efforts with multiplicative outcomes of greater success. This article explores the factors that national, state, and local educational organizations must understand in order to make steps toward successful integration of mLearning technology. Characteristics necessary for effective and efficient use of mLearning strategies for educators are also examined.
“Poly-unsaturated posets: the Greene-Kleitman theorem is best possible

Let C = {Ci} be a partition of a partially ordered set into chains; C is k-saturated if ΣCi ϵ C min{k, |Ci|} equals the size of the largest union of k antichains. Greene and Kleitman proved that for any poset P and any integer k, P has a chain partition that is both k and k + 1-saturated. We prove that this is best possible in a strong sense, by exhibiting a poset of each height n ⩾ 3 in which no partition is k-saturated for any two nonconsecutive values of k ⩽ n. Furthermore, by showing that these posets are 2-dimensional, we obtain a poset of each width n ⩾ 4 that has the same property for antichain partitions.
Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions for IV Insertion Pain

INSERTION OF AN IV CATHETER is a commonly performed and painful procedure. The use of cognitive-behavioral interventions (CBIs) may decrease pain by diverting the patient's attention to stimuli other than pain. THIS RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED TRIAL examined the effect of three CBIs--music, kaleidoscope, and guided imagery--on IV insertion pain in 324 patients. NO STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT differences in IV insertion pain were found among the treatment and control groups or between choosing versus being assigned a CBI. Insertion attempts were more difficult in women, and insertion difficulty was correlated with pain intensity and pain distress. Pain intensity was related to insertion site and catheter gauge.
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 and cholesterol trafficking.

Purpose of reviewTwo hallmarks of cardiovascular disease are the presence of sterol-laden macrophages in the artery wall and reduced plasma HDL levels. A cell membrane protein named ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mediates secretion of excess cholesterol from cells into the HDL metabolic
Ion damage to the specimen in the SEM studied by the EBIC technique

This paper reports ion damage to Si and GaAs diodes during examination in the SEM as revealed by the electron beam induced conductivity (EBIC) technique. Also reported here is the emission of energetic negative ions having a mass-to-charge ratio of 32 from the lanthanum hexaboride electron gun. It is believed that these ions are (O2)−, although the possibility that they might be S− cannot be ruled out. These ions give rise to damaged regions of the specimen which are circular in shape and which have a diameter related to that of the beam-limiting aperture in the SEM final lens. It is presumed that this problem can be avoided, if necessary, by the use of an ion trap at some point in the electron column.
Effectiveness of Anterior Linear Ablation in Left Atria for Atrial Fibrillation in Swine AF Model

Methods: We created a swine AF model using 3 weeks monensin administration to create atrial inflammation. At terminal surgery, an electrophysiological study was performed with the EnSite array system, and echocardiography was used to evaluate changes in cardiac function. Blood samples and cardiac tissues were assessed in 9 monensin-treated swine. In those with inducible AF, we created a linear ablation line in the anterior left atrium (LA) and evaluated the impact of linear ablation on episodes of paroxysmal AF. Results: Monensin created an AF substrate characterized by increased atrial but not ventricular fibrosis in swine. Monensin did not cause consistent changes in cardiac function, or plasma D-dimer or CRP levels. Electro-physiological study showed transverse conduction disturbances at the LA roof and anterior LA. In contrast, vertical conduction of LA during AF was almost simultaneous and no conduction disturbance was observed. Based on this observation, we created a linear ablation line at the roof of LA as well as at the anterior LA to LA appendage in 2 swine. AF was easily induced before, but not inducible after ablation. Conclusion: In this model, transverse conduction disturbance in the roof and anterior LA were critical for AF maintenance. Linear ablation that blocked transverse conduction in LA was very effective in preventing AF.
Low energy cross sections for 11B(p, 3α)☆

Abstract The cross section for the 11 B(p, 3α) reaction has been measured for lab bombarding energies from 35.4 keV to 1500 keV. The astrophysical S -factor is calculated for this range of energies and an empirical fit to S is presented. The reaction rate 〈σν〉 is calculated for temperatures up to T = 500 keV/ k = 5.5 × 10 9 K. For the resonance at 163 keV [ 12 C ∗ (16.11 MeV)], the resonance cross section and width were measured to be σ R = 54 ± 6 mb and Γ c.m. = 5.2 ± 0.5 keV , differing somewhat from values reported in previous studies. The measured cross sections from the present work lead to the values of 〈σν〉 which are somewhat lower than those quoted previously, offering a less optimistic prospect for 11 B+p as an advanced fusion fuel than previously envisioned.
Performance of two load-limiting subfloor concepts in full-scale general aviation airplane crash tests

Three six-place, low wing, twin-engine general aviation airplane test specimens were crash tested at the langley Impact Dynamics research Facility under controlled free-flight conditions. One structurally unmodified airplane was the baseline airplane specimen for the test series. The other airplanes were structurally modified to incorporate load-limiting (energy-absorbing) subfloor concepts into the structure for full scale crash test evaluation and comparison to the unmodified airplane test results. Typically, the lowest floor accelerations and anthropomorphic dummy occupant responses, and the least seat crushing of standard and load-limiting seats, occurred in the modified load-limiting subfloor airplanes wherein the greatest structural crushing of the subfloor took place. The better performing of the two load-limiting subfloor concepts reduced the peak airplane floor accelerations at the pilot and four seat/occupant locations to -25 to -30 g's as compared to approximately -50 to -55 g's acceleration magnitude for the unmodified airplane structure.
Cytotoxic effect of radiolabeled C5a on U937 cells in vitro

We studied whether the receptor (R) for C5a could be exploited to deliver the radiolabeled ligand into U937 cells. A doseresponse for uptake of 125I-C5a was demonstrated. Incorporation of [3H]leucine by unstimulated or γ-INF-stimulated U937 cells treated with 125I-C5a, was significantly lower compared with cells treated with 125I alone. Trypan blue exclusion experiments indicated that γ-INF stimulated cells incubated with 125I-C5a were less viable than cells exposed to 125I or C5a alone. The results suggest that 125I-C5a is internalized into myeloid cells via C5a-R and is more cytotoxic in vitro than the radiolabel alone, but only at/above a specific activity of 4 μCi/μg.
La ficción progresiva de Leonardo Valencia, o el autor somos todos

A partir del siglo XX han sido numerosos los ataques a la imagen del autor como ser extraordinario y autoridad del texto literario, que tuvo su consolidacion durante el Romanticismo. Entre las reacciones a esta nocion de autor encontramos los ensayos de W.K. Wimsatt y Monroe Beardsley, Roland Barthes y Michel Foucault. El escritor ecuatoriano Leonardo Valencia continua con la reflexion sobre la figura del autor moderno, enmarcada en el ambito del posmodernismo, donde hay un cuestionamiento a las ideas de totalidad, centro y autoridad. En su novela El libro flotante de Caytran Dolphin (2006), hay una desacralizacion del autor que queda confirmada con la nocion de una autoria colectiva, es decir, ante la posibilidad que tienen los lectores de participar en la creacion de la obra, la cual se traslada del soporte fisico al electronico. En resumen, en este trabajo veremos como Valencia plantea una vision menos jerarquizada de las nociones de autor, texto y lector.
Measuring Decision-Making Capacity in Cognitively Impaired Individuals

Cognitive and functional losses are only part of the spectrum of disability experienced by persons with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. They also experience losses in the ability to make decisions, known as decision-making capacity. Researchers have made substantial progress in developing a model of capacity assessment that rests upon the concept of the 4 decision-making abilities: understanding, appreciation, choice and reasoning. Empirical research has increased our understanding of the effects of late-life cognitive impairment on a person’s ability to make decisions. This review examines studies of the capacity to consent to treatment, research and the management of everyday functional abilities. The results illustrate the clinical phenotype of the patient who retains the capacity to consent. They also suggest that measures of capacity can improve how researchers measure the benefits of cognitive enhancements and stage dementia.
Development of a thyroid hormone receptor targeting conjugate.

Molecular conjugates of hormone receptor−ligands with molecular probes or functional domains are finding diverse applications in chemical biology. Whereas many examples of hormone conjugates that target steroid hormone receptors have been reported, practical ligand conjugates that target the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor (TRβ) are lacking. TR-targeting conjugate scaffolds based on the ligands GC-1 and NH-2 and the natural ligand triiodothyronine (T3) were synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in cellular assays. Whereas the T3 or GC-1 based conjugates did not bind TRβ with high affinity, the NH-2 inspired fluorescein-conjugate JZ01 showed low nanomolar affinity for TRβ and could be used as a nonradiometric probe for ligand binding. A related analogue JZ07 was a potent TR antagonist that is 13-fold selective for TRβ over TRα. JZ01 localizes in the nuclei of TRβ expressing cells and may serve as a prototype for other TR-targeting conjugates.
Architecture for a Successful Computer‐Integrated Manufacturing Program in a 4‐year College or University

Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) has over the past decade become a key component in revitalizing U.S. manufacturing industry. To support much of this CIM activity, colleges and universities have started CIM-related courses and programs. A major problem that these schools have had is in determining the structure of their “CIM” program. This paper will discuss the major factors to be considered in developing the overall architecture for a CIM Program in a 4-year institution, detailing goals and objectives, participants and leadership roles, and the major components for a successful CIM Program. Curriculum issues are not discussed, as any specific curriculum will vary depending upon the degree program.
AMALGAMATION OF NONSTANDARD MODELS OF ARITHMETIC

Any two models of arithmetic can be jointly embedded in a third with any prescribed isomorphic submodels as intersection and any prescribed relative ordering of the skies above the intersection. Corollaries include some known and some new theorems about ultrafilters on the natural numbers, for example that every ultrafilter with the "4 to 3" weak Ramsey partition property is a P-point. We also give examples showing that ultrafilters with the "5 to 4" partition property need not be P-points and that the main theorem cannot be improved to allow a prescribed ordering of lower skies. Let A and B be two elementarily equivalent models. We consider models M having (isomorphic copies of) A and B as elementary submodels, and we ask about the possible relative positions of A and B inside M. "Relative position" is a vague expression; it refers, at least, to the way A and B intersect in M, but if, for example, the models are ordered then we are also interested in the order relation in M between members of A and members of B. Although we prove one theorem in this general model-theoretic context, our main concern is with models of arithmetic, i.e. elementary extensions of the standard model, which consists of the set N of natural numbers together with all relations and functions on N. We show that, for any two such models, any reasonable intersection and any reasonable ordering of elements above the intersection actually occur in some joint extension of the two models. ("Reasonable" is another vague expression; its meaning here will be explained below.) We describe some situations in which the intersection of two models, or the intersection and the relative ordering, completely determine the joint extension generated by the two models. By applying these results to ultrapowers of the standard model of arithmetic, we obtain several results about ultrafilters on N. We find situations in which the fiber product of two ultrafilters over a third is again an ultrafilter, and we clarify the connection between P-points and partition properties.
Effect of iron on productivity and size distribution of Antarctic phytoplankton

In shipboard experiments, addition of Fe to samples from Antarctic shelf waters or from deep waters close to the shelf break did not have any detectable effect on phytoplankton populations. Fe addition to pelagic waters, however, increased Chl a concentrations by a factor of 4-7 times during l-2 weeks of incubation and also resulted in a shift from a nanoplankton-dominated population to one dominated by microplankton. If these shipboard experimental results are extrapolated to in situ results following enrichment of Antarctic pelagic waters with Fe, there may be some mitigation of the greenhouse effect caused by elevated CO, concentrations in the atmosphere. Not only would the rate of primary production increase, but also the percentage of primary production that is exported to deep water might be increased because of Fe favoring the growth of microplankton.
Iron regulation and erythropoiesis

Purpose of review The peptide hormone hepcidin regulates iron metabolism in response to erythropoietic demand, iron stores and inflammation. Major advances have been made in understanding the regulation of hepcidin production, and consequently the availability of iron for erythropoiesis. Recent findings It is becoming clear that the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway plays a major role in setting the baseline hepcidin level and, with the assistance of BMP2/4 and hemochromatosis-related proteins hemojuvelin, HFE and transferrin receptor 2, also regulates hepcidin expression in response to iron. Regulation of hepcidin in anemias has now been linked to increased erythropoietic activity and is likely mediated by factor(s) secreted by erythroid precursors. GDF-15 was identified as a candidate for one of the erythroid factors suppressing hepcidin. Tissue hypoxia may also directly contribute to hepcidin suppression in anemias. Regulation of hepcidin by inflammation may include multiple cytokines and the Toll-like receptors pathways. Although it has not yet been shown that increased hepcidin is indispensible for the development of anemia of inflammation, transgenic overexpression of hepcidin was sufficient to replicate its key features. Summary Regulation of hepcidin and iron availability for erythropoiesis has revealed unexpected pathways and much complexity. The renaissance of the study of iron regulation continues to reward researchers with interesting biology and potential therapeutic targets.
c-Src Activation Mediates Erlotinib Resistance in Head and Neck Cancer by Stimulating c-Met

Purpose: Strategies to inhibit the EGF receptor (EGFR) using the tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib have been associated with limited clinical efficacy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Co-activation of alternative kinases may contribute to erlotinib resistance. Experimental Design: We generated HNSCC cells expressing dominant-active c-Src (DA-Src) to determine the contribution of c-Src activation to erlotinib response. Results: Expression of DA-Src conferred resistance to erlotinib in vitro and in vivo compared with vector-transfected control cells. Phospho-Met was strongly upregulated by DA-Src, and DA-Src cells did not produce hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Knockdown of c-Met enhanced sensitivity to erlotinib in DA-Src cells in vitro , as did combining a c-Met or c-Src inhibitor with erlotinib. Inhibiting EGFR resulted in minimal reduction of phospho-Met in DA-Src cells, whereas complete phospho-Met inhibition was achieved by inhibiting c-Src. A c-Met inhibitor significantly sensitized DA-Src tumors to erlotinib in vivo , resulting in reduced Ki67 labeling and increased apoptosis. In parental cells, knockdown of endogenous c-Src enhanced sensitivity to erlotinib, whereas treatment with HGF to directly induce phospho-Met resulted in erlotinib resistance. The level of endogenous phospho-c-Src in HNSCC cell lines was also significantly correlated with erlotinib resistance. Conclusions: Ligand-independent activation of c-Met contributes specifically to erlotinib resistance, not cetuximab resistance, in HNSCC with activated c-Src, where c-Met activation is more dependent on c-Src than on EGFR, providing an alternate survival pathway. Addition of a c-Met or c-Src inhibitor to erlotinib may increase efficacy of EGFR inhibition in patients with activated c-Src. Clin Cancer Res; 19(2); 380–92. ©2012 AACR .
Temporal stability of WISC-III subtest composite: strengths and weaknesses.

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Third Edition (D. Wechsler, 1991; WISC–III) is often used to identify subtest-based cognitive strengths and weaknesses that are subsequently used to generate interventions. Given that intelligence is presumed to be an enduring trait, cognitive strengths and weaknesses identified via subtest analysis should also be stable over time. This was evaluated with 579 students who were twice tested with the WISC–III. Based on 66 subtest composites, 6 or 7 interpretable cognitive strengths and weaknesses were found on each WISC–III administration. However, subtestbased strengths and weaknesses replicated across test–retest occasions at chance levels ( Mdn .02). Because subtest-based cognitive strengths and weaknesses are unreliable, recommendations based on them will also be unreliable.
SODIUM CHLORIDE AND SELECTIVE DIFFUSION IN LIVING ORGANISMS.

1. It is shown that NaCl acts like CaCl2 or LaCl3 in preventing the diffusion of strong acids through the membrane of the egg of Fundulus with this difference only that a M/8 solution of NaCl acts like a M/1,000 solution of CaCl2 and like a M/30,000 solution of LaCl3. 2. It is shown that these salts inhibit the diffusion of non-dissociated weak acid through the membrane of the Fundulus egg but slightly if at all. 3. Both NaCl and CaCl2 accelerate the diffusion of dissociated strong alkali through the egg membrane of Fundulus and CaCl2 is more efficient in this respect than NaCl. 4. It is shown that in moderate concentrations NaCl accelerates the rate of diffusion of KCl through the membrane of the egg of Fundulus while CaCl2 does not.
Fast similarity search in the presence of longitudinal scaling in time series databases

The problem of finding patterns of interest in time series databases (query by content) is an important one, with applications in virtually every field of science. A variety of approaches have been suggested. These approaches are robust to noise, offset translation, and amplitude scaling to varying degrees. However, they are all extremely sensitive to scaling in the time axis (longitudinal scaling). We present a method for similarity search that is robust to scaling in the time axis, in addition to noise, offset translation, and amplitude scaling. The method has been tested on medical, financial, space telemetry and artificial data. Furthermore the method is exceptionally fast, with the predicted 2 to 4 orders of magnitude speedup actually observed. The method uses a piecewise linear representation of the original data. We also introduce a new algorithm which both decides the optimal number of linear segments to use, and produces the actual linear representation.
False-belief understanding in 2.5-year-olds: evidence from violation-of-expectation change-of-location and unexpected-contents tasks

Until recently, it was generally assumed that the ability to attribute false beliefs did not emerge until about 4 years of age. However, recent reports using spontaneous- as opposed to elicited-response tasks have suggested that this ability may be present much earlier. To date, researchers have employed two kinds of spontaneous-response false-belief tasks: violation-of-expectation tasks have been used with infants in the second year of life, and anticipatory-looking tasks have been used with toddlers in the third year of life. In the present research, 2.5-year-old toddlers were tested in violation-of-expectation tasks involving a changeof-location situation (Experiment 1) and an unexpected-contents situation (Experiment 2). Results were positive in both situations, providing the first demonstrations of false-belief understanding in toddlers using violation-of-expectation tasks and, as such, pointing to a consistent and continuous picture of early false-belief understanding.
Children's Drawings as an Assessment of Cognitive Style

(1983). Children's Drawings as an Assessment of Cognitive Style. Educational Research: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 74-75.
Diphallus and associated anomalies with balanced autosomal chromosomal translocation

We report a sporadic case of complete diphallus with multiple other anomalies in a premature newborn. Chromosomal analysis at the 500 band level showed an apparently balanced reciprocal translocation 46,XY, t(1;14)(p36.3;q24.3). The mother has a normal karyotype, but the father was not available for chromosomal analysis. The significance of this balanced chromosomal rearrangement and the possibility that the chromosomal breakpoints contribute to deregulation of mesodermal development is discussed.
Advances in Genetic Testing and Applications in Newborn Medicine

Because genetic conditions can alter the health of neonates, it is important for neonatologists to become familiar with the indications for testing and major issues in the interpretation of results. The two primary molecular cytogenetic techniques are fluorescence in situ hybridization and array comparative genomic hybridization, which allow detection of deletions, duplications, and rearrangements of small regions within the chromosome. Direct mutation analysis of DNA can be targeted to a specific variant known to be associated with disease. Epigenetic factors can affect gene expression without altering the genotype. For example, genomic imprinting (differential expression of a gene) causes several genetic disorders. Most molecular genetic testing performed in the newborn nursery is for purposes of diagnosis. Important differences in analytic validity, clinical validity, and clinical utility distinguish genetic testing from more traditional laboratory testing, and the implications of these differences must be considered when ordering such tests.
Plasma and milk urea nitrogen in relation to pregnancy rate in lactating dairy cattle.

The objectives of this study were to relate concentrations of plasma (PUN) and milk (MUN) urea nitrogen to pregnancy rate in dairy cows and compare various methods of analysis and preparation of milk for measuring MUN. In two experiments, blood or milk samples were collected on the day of AI from Holstein cows (n = 160 and n = 155, respectively). Three methods of MUN analysis were compared. Two laboratory chemical procedures yielded similar results, whereas a quick dipstick method overestimated chemical analyses. Before and after milking strip samples had MUN concentrations equivalent to those in composite milk. Concentrations of PUN or MUN greater than 19 mg/dL were associated with decreased (P 19 mg/dL were associated with approximately a 20 percentage point decrease in pregnancy rate after AI in lactating dairy cattle.
Intelligent media agents in interactive television systems

Future interactive television applications are the upcoming front-end to interactive radio, television, video rental, home shopping, multimedia communication, and information retrieval. The challenge of an interactive television system is not that the medium is digital, nor the ability of browsing media resources, nor reception of multiple kinds of media. Users do not need more information than today. The colleague is to provide information which corresponds to users' interests and needs. This paper describes the vision of a multimedia iTV system whose appearance is personally adapted for each user. The concept personal iTV systems is presented by explaining the task of personalization and the technical fundamentals of intelligent assistance.
Detection of EBV gene expression in Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease

EBV DNA has been detected by Southern blot hybridization in 20-25% of Hodgkin's disease tumor specimens and localized to the Reed-Sternberg cells by in situ hybridization. In the present investigation we used a 3H-labelled EBER I anti-sense RNA for in situ hybridization of archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded Hodgkin's disease specimens previously shown by Southern Blot hybridization to be EBV-positive. In 6 of 8 specimens neoplastic cells showed an intense signal in virtually all of the tumor cells. The background lymphocytes, eosinophils, plasma cells and histiocytes did not demonstrate significant hybridization. In each case hybridization tended to spare the nucleoli. Hybridization was detected in specimens with histologies of mixed cellularity and nodular sclerosis. The intensity of signal relative to background is better than that in previous studies utilizing 35S-labelled large internal repeat probes for EBV in Reed-Sternberg cells. The exposure time is one week in contrast to the 4-5 weeks reported by others for detection of EBV in Hodgkin's disease. Both increased relative intensity and shorter exposure requirements may be attributed to the very high number of EBER transcripts in the target cells. The demonstration that EBER I is expressed is consistent with a role for EBV in growth regulation of Reed-Sternberg cells and suggests that the virus is not merely a silent passenger in Hodgkin's disease.
Downwardly Mobile for Conscience’s Sake: Voluntary Simplicity from Thoreau to Lily Bart

In broadest terms, this essay is about a counterculture of self-imposed moral and economic limits, or rather cultures (plural), running through and against mainstream American liberalism from the early colonial era down to the present, at some points more strongly than others. At rare moments, it's shown signs of becoming a dominant culture, or at least a dominant cultural imaginary: at certain points in Puritan and Quaker history, in the cult of republican virtue during the early national period, and most especially in such religiocentric communitarian movements as those of the Shakers and the Amishor, for that matter, as Puritanism and Quakerism once were. All these sects, of course, were transplanted from abroad, not native born. What I am attempting to describe is not a propensity unique to the US. Tolstoy, Gandhi, and Albert Schweitzer might all be worthier prototype cases than any I'll be examining here. But the formation arguably has special pertinence to US culture, which is stereotypically a culture of capitalism, of consumption, of plenty, and of individual upward mobility, relative to most of the rest of the world. Under such conditions the mere existence of countercultures of restraint take on a special interest. As David Shi writes in the best history of national simplicity ethics to date, the myth of the simple life "has, in a sense, served as the nation's conscience, reminding Americans of what the founders had hoped they would be and [so] providing a vivifying counterpoint to the excesses of materialist individualism" (278).
Vapor Phase Growth of Bismuth Telluride Nanoplatelets on Flexible Polyimide Films

We report the growth of bismuth telluride, Bi2Te3, nanoplatelets on flexible polyimide films (Kapton films), using a chemical vapor transport process. Hexagonal, triangular, and ribbon-shaped nanoplatelets can be routinely synthesized on Kapton films. We developed a dry transfer technique to transfer these as-grown nanoplatelets from the Kapton films onto SiO2(300 nm)/Si substrates for atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterization. The thickness of the as-grown nanoplatelets is 10‐100 nm, and thinner than those grown on glass and silicon susbtrates. We further suggest the possible growth mechanism based on our AFM obervations.
Truths yet Unborn? Oral Tradition as a Casualty of Culture Contact

This essay treats the effects of acculturation on oral historical materials. Rather than addressing it as a matter of ‘contamination’, that is, as a question of extraneous data entering and distorting ‘pristine’ traditions, it is considered here to be a facet of the larger question of cultural assimilation – a case of the old and familiar constantly confronting and responding to the new and strange. Seen in this way, oral data continuously adopt and adapt whatever new, relevant and interesting materials come their way in not very different – though decidedly less visible – ways from those that written data have always done. This argument is illustrated by examples from various times and places, largely situations where missionaries, newly literate members, or colonial officials, perceptibly influenced the historical views of societies on their way to becoming literate. In fact this phenomenon seems widespread enough to justify advancing a model that can be tested against specific cases. For our purposes, this model begins with the first meeting of oral and literate cultures, although we can fairly assume that an infinity of similar but unrecorded meetings of oral cultures also resulted in change. After this initial impetus, the constraints of colonial rule, the exigencies of independence, and the aims of modern academic oral historiography each contributed in some measure to this process of ongoing change. As a result, historians, whether primarily interested in the reliability of oral data, or in the process and effects of changes in them, must look to a wider range of sources than has been customary.
The Residual GEM technique and its application to the southwestern Japan/East Sea

Abstract The standard gravest empirical mode (GEM) technique for utilizing hydrography in concert with integral ocean measurements performs poorly in the southwestern Japan/East Sea (JES) because of a spatially variable seasonal signal and a shallow thermocline. This paper presents a new method that combines the U.S. Navy's Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) static climatology (which implicitly contains the mean seasonal signal) with historical hydrography to construct a “residual GEM” from which profiles of such parameters as temperature (T) and specific volume anomaly (δ) can be estimated from measurements of an integral quantity such as geopotential height or acoustic echo time (τ). This is called the residual GEM technique. In a further refinement, sea surface temperature (SST) measurements are included in the profile determinations. In the southwestern JES, profiles determined by the standard GEM technique capture 70% of the T variance and 64% of the δ variance, while the residual GEM tec...
Abnormal transcranial Doppler cerebral blood flow velocity and blood pressure profiles in children with syndromic craniosynostosis and papilledema

Abstract Objective Children with syndromic craniosynostosis are at risk of intracranial hypertension. This study aims to examine patient profiles of transcranial Doppler (TCD) cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) and systemic blood pressure (BP) in subjects with and without papilledema at the time of surgery, and subsequent effect of cranial vault expansion. Methods Prospective study of patients treated at a national referral center. Patients underwent TCD of the middle cerebral artery 1 day before and 3 weeks after surgery. Measurements included mean CBFv, peak systolic velocity, and end diastolic velocity; age-corrected resistive index (RI) was calculated. Systemic BP was recorded. Papilledema was used to indicate intracranial hypertension. Results Twelve patients (mean age 3.1 years, range 0.4–9.5) underwent TCD; 6 subjects had papilledema. Pre-operatively, patients with papilledema, in comparison to those without, had higher TCD values, RI, and BP (all p = 0.04); post-operatively, the distinction regarding BP remained (p = 0.04). There is a significant effect of time following vault surgery with a decrease in RI (p Conclusion Patients with syndromic craniosynostosis who have papilledema have a different TCD profile with raised BP. Vault surgery results in increased CBFv and decrease in RI, however the associated systemic BP response to intracranial hypertension remained at short-term follow-up.
Acp, Inc. (B)

This case can be used with the A case (UVA-QA-0430) to extend the "first-cut" decision analysis into issues of risk management and consideration of options to stop the project.
Multidirectional slowness vector for computing angle gathers from reverse time migration

ABSTRACTAngle gathers are important for true-amplitude migration, migration velocity analysis, and angle-dependent inversion. Among existing methods, calculating the t-x direction vector is efficient, but it can give only one direction per grid point and fails to give multiple directions for overlapping wavefields associated with multipaths and reflections. The slowness vectors (SVs) in t-x and ω-k can be connected by Fourier transforms (FTs); the forward FT from t-x to ω-k decomposes the wavefields into different vector components, and the inverse FT sums these components into a unique direction. Therefore, the SV has multiple directions in ω-k, but it has only one direction in t-x. Based on this relation, we have separated the computation of propagation direction into two steps: First, we used the forward FT, k/ω binning, and several inverse FTs to separate the wavefields into vector subsets with different approximate propagation angles, which contained much less wave overlapping; then, we computed t-x ...
Consequence Management and a Model Program

Abstract Chapter 13 explores in detail the Biohazard Detection System that was built for the US Postal System (USPS) in the wake of the Amerithrax incident. This autonomous detection system was needed to protect postal workers and ensure the safety and integrity of the US mail. The commercial sector worked quickly and efficiently to build the solution that the USPS needed. Autonomous detection systems are built from impressive and intricate technologies. These systems enable us to monitor the environment for a potential attack from a bioterrorist. The biohazard hazard detection system is a perfect example of a model system. It is intended to take advantage of exposure surveillance compared with disease surveillance, which reduces the time for detecting a bioterrorist attack, thereby reducing the risk of disease through postexposure prophylaxis. Consequence management and concept of operation are also important components to well thought-out programs aimed at taking advantage of these systems to the fullest extent possible.
Widespread Intracoronary Cardiopoietic Cell Infusion Treating at the Time of Myocardial Reperfusion to Prevent Rather Than Reverse Established Left Ventricular Dysfunction Moves Us Closer to Practical Clinical Translation

The acute management of ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction is now primarily focused on rapid restoration of myocardial perfusion to reduce myocardial infarct size, improve systolic function, and attenuate long-term postinfarction left ventricular (LV) remodeling. Indeed, in the contemporary reperfusion era, LV systolic function is now relatively preserved with postinfarction ejection fractions averaging 50%. As a result, postinfarction heart failure after primary coronary intervention now develops in fewer than ≈5% of patients and most have only New York Heart Association functional class I or II symptoms.1 In addition to early reperfusion, blockade of the neurohormonal axis with pharmacological therapies including angiotensin inhibition, β-blockers, aldosterone antagonists, and now neprilysin inhibitors have significantly improved prognosis. These therapies further limit postinfarction remodeling and variably increase LV systolic function, resulting in improved functional capacity and increased survival. Yet, despite these significant therapeutic successes, a minority of patients go on to develop progressive LV dysfunction as well as recurrent myocardial infarction. This has motivated approaches to regenerate the myocytes and myocardium lost using cardiac cell therapies, which has become the focus of considerable preclinical and clinical investigation during the last 15 years. Although much research has focused on directly injecting cells into the myocardium, intra-arterially infused cardiopoietic stem cell therapies delivered at the time of myocardial reperfusion are emerging as promising candidates to improve LV dysfunction.2,3 Article, see p 1091 The feasibility of global intracoronary cell infusion without interrupting coronary flow was initially demonstrated over 10 years ago by Dawn et al.4 They showed that 1 million intra-arterially administered cKit+/lin− cardiac stem cells (CSCs) delivered to the entire heart could attenuate LV remodeling in rats after ischemia and reperfusion. Not only was systolic function improved but EGFP labeled CSCs produced increased adult appearing myocytes in as little as 35 …
P.15.3 Effects of ZASP mutations on Z-disc proteins associated with myofibrillar myopathy in skeletal muscle

Myofibrillar myopathies (MFM) are caused by mutations in at least 6 Z-disc associated proteins, including ZASP, myotilin, desmin, BAG3, αβ-crystallin, and filamin C. MFM are characterized by early and prominent disruption of the Z-disc with focal dissolution of myofibrils and ectopic accumulation of myofibrillar proteins. Similar morphological changes in skeletal muscle in MFM suggest a shared cellular and molecular disease mechanism. ZASP interacts with myotilin, and knock down of ZASP in mice results in alterations in the amounts of other MFM gene products. We hypothesize that ZASP associations with other MFM gene products play a role in the disease mechanism in zaspopathy. To examine the effects of ZASP mutations on the other MFM gene products in skeletal muscle, WT and mutant (A147T and A165V) ZASP-GFP proteins were expressed by electroporation in the tibialis anterior muscles of opposite limbs in wild type mice (n = 18). Muscle tissues were harvested at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the electroporation. The amount and distribution of MFM gene products, F-actin, and α-actinin-2 were examined in the electroporated mouse muscle fibers and in skeletal muscle fibers of patients with zaspopathy. Wild type and mutant ZASP interactions with other MFM gene products were examined by co-IP and pulldown assays. Preliminary data suggests that wild type and mutant ZASP associate with myotilin, desmin, and BAG3. The effects of ZASP mutations on the other MFM gene products and the effects of the other MFM gene defects on ZASP will provide insight into shared disease mechanisms in this group of degenerative myopathies.