cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hacking Diversity: The Politics of Inclusion in Open Technology Cultures

” Hacking Diversity : The Politics of Inclusion in Open Technology Cultures ” is a study of the efforts of open technology communities to “hack” the issues around the lack of diversity that pervades not only their volunteer communities, but also their related disciplines at large. Open technology communities are loosely organized, volunteer, online groups, focused on development and distribution of open or free software and hardware. Examples include The Document Foundation (home of LibreOffice), Drupal Association, Linux Foundation, and Mozilla Foundation. The author of this book is Christina Dunbar-Hester, a sociologist by training, who peers into this world not only as a female, but also as a nontech professional and thus is an outsider in this field. Her conclusion is that the hacking approaches that these communities have tried to adapt, in an effort to address the problems around diversity, are not really effective. Why? Because diversity issues stem from cultural issues. The underlying unequal distribution of social power that accompanies those allowed to “play” in these open technology spaces cannot be fixed by adding more individuals from diverse groups. The lack of diversity is a consequence of the unequal cultural distribution of social power. Focusing on representation—making these open technology spaces more diverse—is not a mechanism that can be used to fix these pervasive and entrenched cultural issues. It is the root problems themselves that need to be hacked, not the lack of representation.
The History and Development of the Program for Cooperative Cataloging

Libraries, which take seriously the responsibility to facilitate discovery and delivery of information resources for their patrons, have historically found cataloging costly and cumbersome. In the ...
Ion-gated carbon molecular sieve gas separation membranes

Abstract Membrane technology lies at the heart of many industrial gas separation processes and applications. Molecular sieving membranes that break the Robeson limit are desirable for energy-efficient gas separation. Herein, we report a facile strategy of directly integrating ionic liquids (ILs) into porous membranes. Particularly, the ILs form an ultra-thin layer on the carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes rather than penetrating into the pores, acting as a smart gate for gas entry to boost the selectivity. The hybrid membrane exhibits CO2 permeability >600 barrer and enhanced CO2/N2 selectivity >50, which surpasses the Robeson limit and shows potential in CO2/N2 separation process. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm the gating effect of the IL layer of molecular thickness. This work demonstrates a universal strategy to improve CMS membrane performance by creating an IL-membrane interface and tuning the ion-pore interaction.
Identification of Nonradiative Decay Pathways in Cy3.

Photoexcited fluorescent markers are extensively used in spectroscopy, imaging, and analysis of biological systems. The performance of fluorescent markers depends on high levels of emission, which ...
Open Source Software and Global Entrepreneurship

Does more activity in open source lead to more entrepreneurial activity and, if so, how much, and in what direction? This study measures how participation on the GitHub open source platform affects the founding of new ventures globally. We estimate these effects using cross-country variation in new venture foundings and open source participation. The study finds that a 1 percent increase in GitHub commits (code contributions) from people residing in a given country generates a 0.1-0.5 percent increase in the number of technology ventures founded within that country, a 0.6 percent increase in the number of new financing deals, a 0.97 percent increase in financing value, a 0.3 percent increase in the number of technology acquisitions, and a 0.1-0.5 percent increase in the number of global and mission-oriented ventures. The analysis develops an approach to identification based on various instrumental variables and shows that these associations can support causal inferences. We conclude that OSS contributes to different rates of entrepreneurship around the world and therefore can act as a policy lever to improve economic development and can also indicate promising investment opportunities.
Strange Warmings and other Close (Althusserian) Encounters: John Wesley’s Change of Heart at Aldersgate

John Wesley’s famous account of his heart being “strangely warmed” is often considered a conversion. However, his change is less about identity as a Christian, and is more about manner of being. Wesley’s change is best understood as an affective encounter. It is affective in being about bodily experience and initially pre-rational. However, that affective moment was possible due to previous encounters and intentional designs that prepared the possibilities for affective experiences. It is an encounter, following Louis Althusser’s theorization of the term, as a moment of change that might not have happened. Chance is taken seriously with the encounter, and combined with intentional design. Wesley might not have interacted with the Moravian sect in ways that set him up for his affective experience; rhetorical studies can use the encounter and affect to consider probability and chance more, and to think about rhetoric as the design of possible encounters.
Trace diagrams, signed graph colorings, and matrix minors

Trace diagrams are structured graphs with edges labeled by matrices. Each diagram has an interpretation as a particular multilinear function. We provide a rigorous combinatorial definition of these diagrams using a notion of signed graph coloring, and prove that they may be efficiently represented in terms of matrix minors. Using this viewpoint, we provide new proofs of several standard determinant formulas and a new generalization of the Jacobi determinant theorem.
Genealogy and Identity: The Genealogical Evidence for the Appropriation of Early East Greek Mythology by the Mainland Greek City-States in the Archaic Period

This dissertation is the result of extensive research into Greek mythological genealogy. Overall, it endeavors to demonstrate that in spite of the attention lavished on Greek mythology and the problem of myth as a historical source, there is an approach to this body of evidence based strictly on genealogical patterning that has not been adequately investigated to date. The genealogical approach gives chronological precedence to patterns first manifest in the Homeric poems, which by comparison with later mythic material delineate the outline of a genealogical template that initially emerged in Aiolic East Greece. This stands to reason on a number of counts, prominently, for example, because it explains the importance of Troy as the appointed target of a legendary Greek conquest in the east (Troy was located in Aiolic East Greek territory), and also because East Greek Asia Minor was the first point of contact between Dark Age Greek culture and Near Eastern metropoleis that deployed genealogy as a structural medium in the canonization of cultural pre-history. Inasmuch as the later Greek mythic corpus readily divides into clusters of stories associated with major mainland Greek city-states, I determined in view of the Homeric evidence, that these state genealogies in general relied on the use of recurrent manipulative techniques designed to supplant the early Aiolic structure, while at the same time retaining the most famous legends amidst a largely restructured genealogical framework. Tracing these patterns further, it turned out to be possible to distinguish and correlate post-Homeric genealogical emendations with political developments on the Greek mainland, where unified opposition to a legendary framework conceived and promoted initially in East Greece led to tangible ideological changes, detectable since they altered but did not destroy all vestiges of the inherited tradition. This hypothesis demands quite detailed exposition because it cannot comfortably coexist with the leading approach to Greek mythogenesis. According to that view, separate regional mythic cycles were rather awkwardly fused together before the emergence of pan-Hellenic self-consciousness in the early Archaic Period. Still, the opposite view, this thesis argues, in which a meaningful whole was incrementally split up into an assortment of disjointed parts is the simpler, more logical explanation for the development of Greek mythic tradition, and is, moreover, capable of comprehending random segments of Greek mythological testimony. What follows, therefore, is a blow-by-blow account of the most pivotal evidence to this effect on the mythical and the historical side, reinforced in conclusion with a case study of a single major genealogical line that was largely preserved in its original form, as verified by its coverage in the Homeric poems and in surviving texts by seven later Greek authors: Bakchylides, Pindar Herodotos, Diodoros, Strabo, Apollodoros, and Pausanias
Reasons for Data-Prompted Site Visits: Field Staff Findings and Review Committee Decisions.

Background A major component of the ACGME's Next Accreditation System (NAS) is the annual review of key performance indicators by each review committee (RC) for all programs under its oversight. The RC may request a site visit that is data-prompted for either a full review of all common and specialty-specific program requirements or a focused review of specific concerns for programs identified as underperforming. Objective The aims of this study were to: (1) identify the reasons that RCs requested data-prompted site visits; (2) describe the findings by accreditation field representatives as reflected in their site visit reports; and (3) summarize the accreditation decisions of RCs that followed the data-prompted site visits (DPSVs). Methods RC letters to programs informing them of a DPSV, site visit reports, and RC letters with accreditation decisions were reviewed for all programs having DPSVs from 2015 to 2020. Results DPSVs were performed in 312 programs, including 59 hospital-based, 122 medical-based, and 131 surgery-based programs; 214 programs had a single DPSV, and 98 programs had repeat DPSV. The most frequent reason that RCs requested a DPSV was noncompliance on the annual ACGME Resident/Fellow Survey. Notification of a DPSV prompted a change in program director in 7% of programs in the single DPSVs group and 57% of programs in the repeat DPSVs group. Surgery-based programs in the single and repeat DPSVs groups were more likely to receive an unfavorable accreditation status. The majority of programs in the single DPSVs group (78%) and repeat DPSVs group (70%) had a status of continued accreditation as of March 2020. Conclusions Noncompliance on the Resident/Fellow survey was the most frequent reason that RCs requested a DPSV. The majority of programs in the single and repeat DPSV groups achieved a favorable accreditation status.
A Generalized Lottery Ticket Hypothesis.

We introduce a generalization to the lottery ticket hypothesis in which the notion of "sparsity" is relaxed by choosing an arbitrary basis in the space of parameters. We present evidence that the original results reported for the canonical basis continue to hold in this broader setting. We describe how structured pruning methods, including pruning units or factorizing fully-connected layers into products of low-rank matrices, can be cast as particular instances of this "generalized" lottery ticket hypothesis. The investigations reported here are preliminary and are provided to encourage further research along this direction.
OPEN REDUCTION OF MEDIAL EPICONDYLE FRACTURES IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: SUPINE VERSUS PRONE POSITION:

Background:Operative treatment of medial epicondyle (ME) fractures can be performed in either supine or prone position. In the supine position, visualization and fixation of the fracture is difficu...
Limits of Real Functions

The principal aim of this chapter is to give a short introduction to the limit inferior and limit superior and (thereby) the limit for functions. Many (arithmetic and analytic) properties of these functional limits can be derived by establishing their link with sequential limits. In our largely classical approach, continuity and differentiability of real functions are also introduced and treated here as special limits (stopping short of fully developed advanced differential calculus) mainly because the derivative as a limit is an indispensable tool for later developments. For future purposes, we also give quick proofs of the Extreme Values Theorem, the Intermediate Value Theorem, and the Fermat Principle.
On Investors' Ownership and Voting Decisions: Evidence from Mutual Funds

Investors are supposed to have greater incentive to vote responsibly when they hold large number of shares in a firm. However, using mutual fund voting records, we find that when funds hold more shares, they become more likely to vote for management, even when proposals may be damaging to shareholders. This phenomenon is particularly strong when the proposals concern director election and management compensation. After rejecting several alternative explanations, we propose that this apparently contradictory behavior is consistent with funds' optimal monitoring strategies. Funds with substantial ownership stakes will vote strategically for management to facilitate their private monitoring activities. Consistent with this hypothesis, further evidence suggests that the presence of funds with substantial ownership reduce potentially detrimental management-sponsored proposals.
Large Law Firm Lateral Hire Conflicts Checking: Professional Duty Meets Actual Practice

Lateral lawyer movement between private law firms has become an accepted practice. More than one-half of the lawyers who became partners at AM LAW 100 firms began their professional careers at another firm. Yet, lateral lawyers carry potential risks to their new firms in the form of conflicts of interests that may prevent the firm from representing one of its existing clients. To identify and quantify this risk, firms require that laterals disclose information that enables the firm to conflicts check the lateral. While conflicts checking of laterals is accepted practice by firms, it raises a question whether laterals in complying with firm reporting requirements are disclosing confidential client information. While no court has ruled on this point, it has been the subject of numerous ethics opinions and several recent academic papers. The opinions and papers have, however, looked at the process in the abstract. This paper reports on a study of the lateral hire conflicts checking practices of 22 AM LAW 100 and AM LAW 200 firms. The study examined how information was obtained from laterals, how it was processed by firms, and how potential conflicts were addressed by the lateral and the firm.The study concludes that disclosures associated with lateral hiring are minimal and raise no realistic prospect of harm to an affected client.
Regulation of D-fructose 1-phosphate kinase by potassium ion.

Purified Aerobacter aerogenes d -fructose 1-phosphate kinase (ATP: d -fructose 1-phosphate 6-phosphotransferase), an enzyme which does not exhibit cooperative kinetics, was activated by K+, Rb+, and NH+4, inhibited by Li+, and not significantly affected by Na+ or Cs+. The enzyme exhibited some activity when assayed in tetramethylammonium-glycylclycine buffer even in the absence of other monovalent cations, suggesting that the requirement for monovalent cations is not absolute. K+ increased the reaction velocity about 4-fold in the presence of excess ATP and d -fructose-1-P, and about 10-fold when both substrates were present at concentrations near their Km values (0.3 m m ). K+ also exerted a much greater activating effect under conditions of inhibiting ATP levels than when Mg++ was present at a sufficiently high level to prevent inhibition by ATP. The K a for K+ (about 3 m m ) was not affected by the Mg++ or ATP concentration, but was increased by decreased levels of d -fructose-1-P. K+ decreased the Km values for both ATP and d -fructose-1-P. These kinetics are consistent with Michaelis-Menten theory and suggest a simple model in which the enzyme exists in two active forms, one form predominating in the presence of K+ and the other predominating in its absence.
Entangling Alliances: Nato's Security Policy and the Entrenchment of State Secrecy

In Central and Eastern Europe, the rapid diffusion of right-to-information laws has been matched by an equally quick spread of state secrets laws. CEE countries are adopting these laws to meet requirements for accession to NATO. NATO refuses to disclose its security of information (SOI) requirements, but the policy, crafted in the early years of the Cold War, appears to be very conservative. It is the foundation of a thickening web of intergovernmental SOI agreements. Such agreements impose significant constraints on the domestic transparency policies of many governments, and pose substantial challenges for advocates of increased transparency. Archival records show that many NATO members were concerned about the impact that NATO requirements would have on domestic policy. It is time for the debate over such SOI rules to be democratized. A first step would be public release of NATO's SOI requirements.
Syndrome des antiphospholipides associé à la polychondrite atrophiante : à propos d’un cas

Introduction La polychondrite atrophiante (PCA) est une connectivite rare, caracterisee par l’inflammation recidivante des cartilages de l’oreille, du nez, du larynx et de l’arbre tracheobronchique, et des manifestations extra-chondritiques souvent inaugurales. Les atteintes cardiovasculaires comportent des valvulopathies, des anevrismes et des stenoses des gros troncs arteriels. Patients et Methodes Les auteurs rapportent un cas de syndrome des antiphospholipides (SAPL) precedant une chondrite auriculaire et le diagnostic de PCA. Cas clinique Patient de 70 ans, hospitalise pour fievre prolongee en aout 2012. Ses antecedents comportent un purpura thrombopenique idiopathique avec splenectomie, une bicuspidie aortique et un anevrisme de l’aorte ascendante a 48 mm. Durant l’hospitalisation, le patient presente des episodes de conjonctivite. La biologie retrouve un syndrome inflammatoire marque. Les bilans infectieux et auto-immuns sont negatifs. Debut 2013, diagnostic de thrombose veineuse profonde du membre inferieur gauche avec presence d’anticorps anticardiolipines (IgG) a 64U GPL/mL (Nl10), controles a plus de 12 semaines a 49U GPL/mL. Il s’agit donc d’un SAPL selon les criteres de Sydney. Plus tard, il presente un purpura avec vascularite a l’histologie. En aout 2013, enfin, il presente une inflammation du pavillon de l’oreille epargnant le lobule. Le diagnostic de PCA est pose au centre de reference de l’hopital Cochin. Discussion Il n’y a pas de preuve dans la litterature de l’association entre anticorps antiphospholipides (aPL) et polychondrite atrophiante. Les taux sont plus eleves chez des patients atteints de lupus erythemateux systemique (LES). Treize autres cas de SAPL associes a une PCA sont decrits. Ils sont volontiers associes a un LES, une dysmyelopoiese ou encore un tableau d’arthrite. La presence d’un SAPL reste exceptionnelle et temoigne de la co-existence d’une autre affection aux manifestations souvent inaugurales.
Planting Date Effects on Fall Forage Production of Oat Cultivars in Wisconsin

Previous research has shown that cereal-grains, such as oat (Avena sativa L.), that undergo stem elongation following late-summer establishment will likely exhibit a 2:1 advantage in forage dry matter (DM) yield before winter compared to other cereals that remain vegetative until spring. Our objectives for this project were to assess the effects of planting date on the fall forage growth of one forage- and three grain-type oat cultivars. Over a 3-yr trial, oat cultivars were planted on three target dates (15 July, 1 August, and 15 August), and subsequently evaluated over five harvest dates (15 September, 1 October, 15 October, 1 November, and 15 November) each year. For the 15 July planting date, a late-maturing forage cultivar (ForagePlus) produced maximum annual yields ranging from 4501 to 8100 kg ha -1 , and these responses were explained generally by linear (P < 0.01) and quadratic (P ≤0.03) effects of time. Accumulation of DM was superior to grain-type cultivars because ForagePlus matured slowly, and was better able to respond to sometimes erratic late-summer precipitation. With a 1 August planting date, maximum forage yields generally were similar to those observed with a mid-July planting date, but peak yield often was delayed by approximately 2 wk. For the 15 August planting date, maximum yields offorage DM were only 42.3,79.9, and 20.5% of those observed following planting dates on 1 August of2007, 2008, and 2009, respectively. Under these circumstances, the late-maturity characteristics of ForagePlus were less advantageous, often resulting in poorer yields throughout early harvest dates compared to grain-type cultivars.
Improving Stability by Rapid Closing of Bus-Tie Switches

RAPID opening of circuit breakers on faulted lines has been recognized for many years as one of the most effective ways of improving power-system stability. Rapid opening followed by rapid reclosing has been used more recently and gives further improvement in stability if the fault is transitory. Rapid closing of normally open breakers offers yet another means of improving stability — a means which has never been put into practice, so far as the author is aware, but which promises to have a field of usefulness.
p53-Dependent anticancer effects of leptomycin B on lung adenocarcinoma.

Purpose Leptomycin B (LMB) and/or its derivatives are considered a novel class of cancer therapeutics through blocking chromosome maintenance region 1, which mediates p53 nuclear export. The objectives of the present study were to first evaluate the cytotoxic effects of LMB on a normal human lung epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) and three human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines with various p53 status (wild type: A549, mutant: NCI-H522, and null: NCI-H358) and then to identify LMB-induced gene expression alterations in human p53 signaling pathway.
Magnetization of Superconducting Nb-25%Zr Wire

The magnetization and critical transport-current densities of samples of superconducting niobium-25% zirconium cold-worked wire have been measured quantitatively up to 40 kOe applied field. All of the magnetization characteristics, as measured by several techniques, and the critical transport currents conform to critical-state concepts provided that the equilibrium magnetization is included in the analysis. The equilibrium magnetization curves could be deduced from the hysteretic measured magnetization data, and the results agree with the theory of Abrikosov for type-II superconductors. The irreversible magnetization-current densities ${J}_{c}(B)$, where B is the local magnetic induction, just equal the critical transport-current densities ${J}_{t}(H)$ in the range 4 to 40 kOe applied field. They are accurately fitted by an empirical critical-state expression of the form ${J}_{c}(B)={a}_{0}\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}\frac{B}{{b}_{o}})+{c}_{o}$ where ${a}_{o}$, ${b}_{o}$, and ${c}_{o}$ are measured constants of the material. The methods used appear to be generally applicable to the study of hysteretic superconducting wire.
Routine large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies in a protein-free culture medium.

Abstract A defined culture medium and cultivation technique are described which allow the long-term production on a large scale of monoclonal antibodies and myeloma proteins without the use of serum, serum proteins, or protein-containing liposomes. The high initial purity of the culture supernatants obtained with protein-free medium facilitates the purification of the monoclonal antibodies, the immunoglobulin (Ig) purity of which is limited only by the genetic homogeneity of the cells. Successful growth of 8 hybridoma and 2 myeloma lines has been achieved. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the levels of Ig production in the protein-free medium were comparable to those achieved with serum-supplemented media and with media supplemented with purified serum proteins. Stability of Ig production during continuous cultivation in the protein-free medium over an extended period was studied for a myeloma and a hybridoma line, both of which produced high levels (50–200 μg/ml) of Ig for periods of 11 and 22 weeks, respectively.
How Nurses Become Leaders: Perceptions and Beliefs About Leadership Development

Creating a professional work environment where nurses can develop the skills and expertise needed to be successful leaders is one strategy that can help ensure successful nursing leaders for the future. Understanding which factors influence leadership development is essential to create such an environment. The author considers what those factors may be and how they interact to facilitate the development of leadership skills and expertise among nurses.
PET-CT findings in large vessel vasculitis presenting as FUO, a case report

There are increasing data demonstrating the role of flourodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computerized tomography fusion ((18)FDG PET-CT) in the diagnosis of large vessel vasculitides, including Takayasu arteritis and giant cell arteritis (Hara et al. 1999; Blockmans et al. 1999; Turlakow et al. 2001]. We report a case of large vessel giant cell arteritis involving the major branches of the aorta as detected on (18)FDG PET-CT. A 56-year-old woman returning to the USA after visiting her native Iraq presented to our rheumatology department with fever of unknown origin (FUO) of 2-month duration, night sweats, and arthralgias. The patient did not have claudication; systolic blood pressure measurements demonstrated a 20-mmHg difference between her arms. Infectious disease, malignancy, and collagen vascular disease workup was unrevealing. Temporal artery and bone marrow biopsies were negative. To exclude FUO of malignancy, (18)FDG PET-CT imaging was performed. The images demonstrated significant (18)FDG uptake (indicating increased metabolic activity) in a circumferential fashion along the aorta and its major braches, including the carotid, subclavian, and common iliac arteries. Contrast-enhanced CT imaging demonstrated wall thickening involving these vessels along with left subclavian vein thrombosis and findings consistent with superficial thrombophlebitis involving the right forearm, wrist, and hand. The combination of laboratory and imaging findings, including the characteristic inflammatory changes involving the large vessel walls as seen on CT, as well as the vessel wall hypermetabolism on FDG PET indicating active inflammation, resulted in the diagnosis of large vessel giant cell arteritis. The patient was treated with high-dose corticosteroids followed by a course of Immuran. Her symptoms resolved and a follow-up FDG PET-CT showed complete resolution of the large vessel hypermetabolism. (18)F-FDG PET-CT can be a useful and noninvasive tool in diagnostic evaluation of FUO by excluding a malignant etiology and providing unexpected information that aids in correct diagnosis.
An empirical estimate of the effects of labormarket distortions on the factor content of U.S. trade

Abstract This study deals with the effects of labor-market distortions on the estimates of human capital used in studying U.S. trade flows. The initial concern was that the levels of human capital attributed to highly concentrated and unionized industries might be erroneously high. This could alter regression estimates not only of the effect of human capital on net exports, but also of other coefficients in the equation. The results of the analysis suggested, however, that when the possibility of distortions is taken into consideration, the signs of the coefficients are unaltered, although some change is evident in their magnitude.
Corresponding states. III. Henry's constants for nonpolar binary mixtures

A Henry's constant correlation is developed from a macroscopic Corresponding states theory for fluid mixtures. The method requires three interaction parameters which are correlated for mixtures of paraffin with nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, or another paraffin. Henry's constants can be calculated by this method to within experimental accuracy (about ± 5%) for the mixtures tested.
Assessment of the aversive effects of peripheral mu opioid receptor agonism in Fischer 344 and Lewis rats.

Abstract The Fischer 344 (F344) and Lewis (LEW) inbred rat strains differ on a host of biochemical, neuroanatomical, immunological and behavioral endpoints. One behavioral difference of interest is their differential reactivity to the aversive effects of morphine as indexed by the conditioned taste aversion preparation (aversions acquired by F344 rats are significantly greater than those acquired by the LEW strain). This differential effect appears to be specific to opioids that work primarily on the mu opioid receptor. Given that morphine works systemically, it is unknown whether these differential effects in F344 and LEW animals are centrally or peripherally mediated. To address this issue, the present study investigated the ability of the peripherally acting mu preferring opioid agonist loperamide to induce differential taste aversions in F344 and LEW animals. Both F344 and LEW animals acquired dose-dependent taste aversions to the loperamide-associated solution with no difference between them. Additionally, control animals initially injected with vehicle during aversion training with loperamide and subsequently conditioned with morphine displayed the typical aversive profile to morphine (F344 > LEW). Although the basis for the present data is unknown, their relation to morphine-induced taste aversions and the role of the interaction of stimulus effects of drugs that produce differential abuse liability were discussed.
New chromogens of the ferroin type—IX 2-pyridyl and pyrazinylhydrazones of some pyridyl, pyrazinyl and pyridazinyl ketones and of isatin and phenylglyoxal

Chromogenic properties of 22 new hydrazones, all ferroin-type compounds, have been evaluated with respect to iron(II), copper(I), cobalt(II) and nickel(II). Some show promise as sensitive reagents for the determination of trace amounts of these metal ions. Stoichiometric ratios were determined for the iron(II) chelates and interpreted to distinguish between syn- and anti-isomers.
Treatment of problem alcohol use in women of childbearing age: results of a brief intervention trial.

Background: Studies suggest that 14% of women age 18 to 40 drink alcohol above recommended limits. Of special concern is the increasing use of alcohol by women during pregnancy. This article reports 48 month follow-up data from a subanalysis of a trial for early alcohol treatment (Project TrEAT) focused on women of childbearing age. Methods: Project TrEAT was conducted in the offices of 64 primary care, community-based physicians from 10 Wisconsin counties. Of 5979 female patients ages 18 to 40 who were screened for problem drinking, 205 were randomized into an experimental group (n = 103) or control group (n = 102). The intervention consisted of two 15 min, physician-delivered counseling visits that included advice, education, and contracting by using a scripted workbook. A total of 174 subjects (85%) completed the 48 month follow-up procedures. Results: No significant differences were found between the experimental and control groups at baseline for alcohol use, age, socioeconomic status, smoking, depression or anxiety, conduct disorder, lifetime drug use, or health care utilization. The trial found a significant treatment effect in reducing both 7 day alcohol use (p = 0.0039) and binge drinking episodes (j~ = 0.0021) over the 48 month follow-up period. Women in the experimental group who became pregnant during the follow-up period had the most dramatic decreases in alcohol use. A logistic regression model based on a 20% or greater reduction in drinking found an odds ratio of 1.93 (confidence interval 1.07-3.46) in the sample exposed to physician intervention. Age, smoking, depression, conduct disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and illicit drug use did not reduce drinking significantly. No significant differences were found in health care utilization and health status between groups. Conclusions: This trial provides the first direct evidence that brief intervention is associated with sustained reductions in alcohol consumption by women of childbearing age. The results have enormous implications for the US. health care system.
COPPER AND BARIUM AS DIETARY DISCRIMINANTS: THE EFFECTS OF DIAGENESIS

In skeletons excavated from Woodland sites, copper and barium levels are found to have been contaminated by influx from the soil environment. Electron microprobe scans for both elements show build-up along the outer surface of femur cross sections. Elemental levels for Cu and Ba are lower in the femur or fibula than in the more porous rib. The distribution of Cu in the immediately surrounding soil is highly anisotropic. These observations indicate that Cu and Ba should not be used for dietary inferences about ancient populations without independent evidence that diagenesis is not important.
Got One Another's Backs: Mother-Teen Relationships in Families Escaping Intimate Partner Violence

This Life Story study gained a comprehensive picture of experiences of young adolescents (ages 12–14) accompanying mothers in emergency domestic violence shelters. A holistic, chronological approach in interviews with an ethnically diverse sample of youth and their mothers (N = 27) yielded insights into perspectives on relationships. This article focuses on the complex thematic finding “interconnected family boundaries,” a central dynamic in mother-youth relationships characterized by emotional closeness, highly cohesive boundaries, and interdependence in problem solving regarding family issues. Participants identified this dynamic as essential for adaptation yet entailing losses. Discussion considers theoretical triangulation and implications for research, intervention, and practitioner education.
Discharge Planning from Home Health Care and Patient Status Post‐Discharge

An exploratory study of 57 elderly patients discharged from home health agencies sought to identify how they and their caregivers were prepared for discharge and how they were managing. Data were collected from the home care records and post-discharge interviews with patients and caregivers. Results indicate little evidence of formal discharge planning. However, home care records appear to underreport what home care staff do. On follow-up, over half of the patients had improvement in their health, two-thirds were independent in activities of daily living, and few patients had need of formal services.
Scanning ion microprobe analysis of composite materials

SUMMARY Applications of scanning ion imaging with high lateral resolution in the microchemical investigation of metal – and ceramic-matrix composites are described. The technique, which combines a scanning ion microprobe with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), is ideally suited to the study of complex, multicomponent composite structures. Most elements can be detected with good sensitivity, enabling the determination of spatial distributions for major and minor elements. Analytical images obtained with this technique reveal unprecedented chemical information about interfacial segregation and interdiffusion phenomena. As examples, the characterization of both ceramic–matrix (Al borate–SiC) and metal–matrix (Ni alloy–Al2O3) composite materials is described.
Organophosphazenes. 24. Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectra of Selected Alkenyl- and Alkynylfluorocyclotriphosphazenes(1).

The valence shell ionization energies of a series of alkenyl- and alkynylfluorocyclotriphosphazenes have been determined using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. In the alkenylphosphazene seri...
Teacher Performance Self-Appraisal for Physical Educators.

How did your annual teacher performance evaluation go this year? Did you learn anything from the evaluation procedure that would make you a more effective physical educator? Or are you still frustr...
Mechanical and vibrational properties of network structures

Abstract We discuss how concepts from rigidity percolation can be used to understand the low frequency excitations and elastic properties of network glasses like Ge x As y Se 1−x-t-y . When the mean coordination 〈r〉 = 2 + 2x + y is low, these materials are soft and their properties are strongly influenced by low frequency phonons. We use a bond depleted diamond lattice to mimic the coordination properties of the glass. We show that a model with only covalent forces is unstable for 〈rm〉 = 2.4 is consistent with recent experimental results involving ultrasonics and inelastic neutron scattering on Ge x se 1−x glasses. The floppy modes, observed in inelastic neutron scattering, disappear as 〈r〉 increases from 2 up to around 2.4.
Using Choice-Weighted Scoring of Multiple-Choice Tests for Determination of Grades in College Courses

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using choice-weighted scores as a basis for assigning grades in college courses. Both empirical and logical weighting procedures were considered. Consistent with previous research, the reliability and validity indices found in this study offer little to recommend either type of choice-weighted scoring over number-right scoring. However, an overwhelming majority of students expressed a preference (via questionnaire) for choice-weighted scoring. The unique potential for choice-weighted scoring to enhance the teaching/testing process is discussed.
User-centered design of quality of life reports for clinical care of patients with prostate cancer.

Primary treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) usually involves prostatectomy or radiation therapy to eradicate the cancer and can result in substantial changes in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for urinary, sexual, and bowel function.1–4 Yet, patients are often unaware of the magnitude of their dysfunctions relative to expected outcomes5 despite consideration of HRQOL assessment with validated instruments as a quality performance measure.6,7 Unfortunately, clinical implementation of survey assessment is onerous, which results in limited availability of HRQOL data for PCa patient counseling, either before treatment to aid decision making or after treatment to track HRQOL convalescence. Integration of HRQOL measurement into clinical care has potential to empower patients with improved understanding of their HRQOL detriments, leading to more informative discussions with their providers and greater self-efficacy for their PCa care.8 We sought to address deficiencies in PCa care that limit discussion of the HRQOL impacts of treatment. We address these deficiencies through the user-centered design of an HRQOL measurement and presentation system informed by input from patients and providers. Herein, we report on the initial user-centered design, in which we identified patient-centered element of an HRQOL dashboard and assessed comprehension and preferences of prototype dashboards for inclusion in the system. Although HRQOL assessment tools that target clinician users have established effectiveness in clinical care for other conditions,9–11 research is limited on the design of meaningful presentations of HRQOL data that engage patients and providers as collaborative system users. User-centered design is an informatics framework that incorporates target users directly in software development.12 Soliciting input from target users during iterative prototyping cycles results in technology that is more readily adopted by end users.13 Through user-centered design of graphic reports of PCa HRQOL or “dashboards,” we can generate important design concepts that can enhance the clinical care of PCa survivors.
Ventricular aneurysmectomy for the treatment of recurrent ventricular tachyarrhythmia

Abstract Resection of a left ventricular aneurysm led to termination of lifethreatening paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia in 2 patients. Preoperative cardiac catheterization and cineangiocardiography are essential for visualization of the aneurysm and mural thrombus. Our living patient has survived over 58 months after aneurysmectomy without recurrence of tachyarrhythmias and is receiving no medication. It is suggested that aneurysmectomy, preferably on an elective basis, may be indicated in the management of recurrent tachyarrhythmias even in the absence of congestive heart failure and systemic embolization.
Airway obstruction in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is the failure of the autonomic system to control adequate ventilation while asleep with preserved ventilatory response while awake. We report a case of a patient with CCHS who presented with intrathoracic and extrathoracic airway obstruction after tracheostomy tube decannulation and phrenic nerve pacer placement. Nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG) revealed hypoxia, hypercapnia and obstructive sleep apnoea, which required bilevel positive airway pressure titration. Airway endoscopy demonstrated tracheomalacia and paretic true vocal cords in the paramedian position during diaphragmatic pacing. Laryngeal electromyography demonstrated muscular electrical impulses that correlated with diaphragmatic pacer settings. Thus, we surmise that the patient's upper and lower airway obstruction was secondary to diaphragmatic pacer activity. Thorough airway evaluation, including NPSG and endoscopy, may help identify the side effects of diaphragmatic pacing, such as airway obstruction, in patients with CCHS.
An enzymic method for the quantitative determination of glycogen

Abstract A convenient enzymic method has been developed for the quantitative determination of glycogen. Using this method, we have obtained consistent, reproducible results for glycogen solutions in the concentration range of 6 to 18 μg glycogen/ml of test solution. The enzyme mixture has been shown to effect 92–96% conversion of glycogen to glucose, and shows little species differentiation between rabbit liver and human liver glycogen.
Overexpression of P-glycoprotein and alterations in topoisomerase II in P388 mouse leukemia cells selected in vivo for resistance to mitoxantrone.

Abstract The overexpression of P-glycoprotein (PGP) and alterations in DNA topoisomerase II (TOPO II) were evaluated in mouse leukemia P388 cells selected in vivo for mitoxantrone (MTT) resistance (P388/MTT) and compared to doxorubicin (DOX) resistant (P388/DOX) or vincristine (VCR) resistant (P388/VCR) models. Among a panel of TOPO II inhibitors which included etoposide (VP-16), DOX, MTT and 4'-[(9-acridinyl)-amino]methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA), the relative resistance compared to parental sensitive P388/S cells was: P388/DOX > P388/MTT > P388/VCR. All the resistant sublines exhibited minimal cell kill ( 100-fold the ic 50 for P388/ S cells. In a soft-agar colony-forming assay, the modulation of cytotoxicity in P388/MTT cells by the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine following a 3-hr drug treatment demonstrated a marked potentiation in cell kill with MTT, VP-16, DOX and m-AMSA but not VCR. Immunoblotting data revealed that while PGP was not detectable in P388/S cells, the overexpression of PGP was apparent in P388/MTT cells and the relative expression between the resistant sublines was: P388/DOX > P388/MTT > P388/ VCR. Although the amount and DNA cleavage activity of TOPO II in nuclear extracts from P388/ VCR cells were comparable to those in P388/S cells, they were markedly lower in both P388/DOX and P388/MTT cells. However, decatenation activity of TOPO II in nuclear extracts was comparable between the sensitive (P388/S) and resistant sublines (P388/MTT, P388/DOX, and P388/VCR). Results from the present study demonstrated that P388 cells selected for resistance to mitoxantrone exhibit changes in TOPO II and overexpression of PGP similar to P388/DOX cells, while vincristine resistant cells only overexpress PGP. Since therapeutic strategies are primarily designed to interfere with PGP-mediated drug efflux, the choice of agents for modulating resistance in tumors which overexpress PGP versus tumors which overexpress PGP with altered TOPO II could be different.
Mechanism of puromycin activation of tadpole liver glycogen synthetase.

Abstract Tadpole liver glycogen synthetase (EC 2.4.1.11), which is completely glucose 6-phosphate dependent, is activated by insulin. Puromycin mimics the hormone and activates the enzyme to a similar degree. The antibiotic initiates a series of events which appears to result in the release of insulin. Inhibition of cyclic phosphodiesterase by puromycin raises hepatic cyclic AMP to a level which stimulates phosphorylase b kinase. The increased glycogenolysis, depletion of liver glycogen and hyperglycemia which result would lead to the release of insulin. By using alloxan-treated and pancreatectomized tadpoles we have shown that the puromycin activation of glycogen synthetase is contigent on functional β-cells in the pancrease to produce insulin.
Postpartum depression syndrome as a defense to criminal behavior

Though history records that women have suffered from PPD for centuries, little attention is directed to this serious malady in today's medical and legal communities. Medical research indicates that PPD is the result of the physical stress of pregnancy and childbirth, the social stress of the mothering role, or a combination of both. There are four phases of PPD: maternity blues, postnatal exhaustion, postnatal depression and puerperal psychosis. Victims of puerperal psychosis manifest bizarre behaviors — including the murder of their own children. Approximately 18 cases in the United States have involved the use of PPD as a defense to murder. British medical and legal authorities recognize PPD as a serious women's health issue, and as a viable insanity defense. Legal experts in the United States believe that the PPD defense will be used more frequently in this country. A review of the basic principles of the insanity defense supports the admission of this defense in legal proceedings.