cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
N -acetyl-4-aminophenol and musculoskeletal adaptations to resistance exercise training

N-acetyl-4-aminophenol (ACET) may impair musculoskeletal adaptations to progressive resistance exercise training (PRT) by inhibiting exercise-induced muscle protein synthesis and bone formation. To test the hypothesis that ACET would diminish training-induced increases in fat-free mass (FFM) and osteogenesis, untrained men (n = 26) aged ≥50 years participated in 16 weeks of high-intensity PRT and bone-loading exercises and were randomly assigned to take ACET (1,000 mg/day) or placebo (PLAC) 2 h before each exercise session. Total body FFM was measured by DXA at baseline and week 16. Serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and C-terminal crosslinks of type-I collagen (CTX) were measured at baseline and week 16. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were performed at baseline and weeks 3 and 16 for prostanoid, anabolic, and catabolic gene expression by RT-PCR. In exercise-compliant men (ACET, n = 10; PLAC, n = 7), the increase in FFM was not different between groups (p = 0.91). The changes in serum BAP and CTX were not different between groups (p > 0.7). There were no significant changes in any of the target genes at week 3. After 16 weeks of PRT, the mRNA expressions of the anabolic marker p70S6K (p = 0.003) and catabolic marker muscle-atrophy F-box (MAFbx) (p = 0.03) were significantly reduced as compared to baseline in ACET. The mRNA expression of the prostanoids were unchanged (all p ≥ 0.40) in both groups. The administration of ACET (1,000 mg) prior to each exercise session did not impair PRT-induced increases in FFM or significantly alter bone formation markers in middle aged and older men.
Comparison of Atrial Leads: Importance of Polarity and Fixation Mechanism

To compare the influence of polarity and fixation mechanism on atrial leads, we evaluated acute implantation and 12-month follow-up results in 211 patients, 138 male and 73 female, aged 63 ± 14 years, implanted with DDD (210) and AAI (1) pacemakers. Eighty patients had bipolar (B) active fixation (AF) leads (CPI-4266), 71 had unipolar (U) AF (Medtronic-6957J), 36 had B passive fixation (PF) (Medtronic-4512), and 26 had U PF (Medtronic-4511) leads. Acutely, capture thresholds were higher in the AF than the PF group (BAF: 1.0 ± 0.5 V; UAF: 0.9 ± 0.4 V; BPF: 0.6 ± 0.2 V; UPF: 0.5 ± 0.1V - P < 0.001). The BPF lead acute sensing threshold was superior to the AF leads (P wave sensing for BPF: 3.2 ± 1.5 mV; BAF: 2.2 ± 1.2 mV; UAF: 2.2 ± 1.1 mV - P < 0.003). In both AF and PF groups, lead polarity did not affect pacing and sensing thresholds. The difference in acute capture thresholds between AF and PF leads was abolished prior to discharge, and at subsequent follow-up over 12 months, no difference in chronic thresholds was observed. During the follow-up period, the chronic sensing thresholds of BAF leads were superior to the others. There was no significant difference in the complication rates of the four leads. Thus, all four leads proved satisfactory in clinical practice. No major impact of polarity and fixation mechanism was detected.
Partitioning of 14C-oxalate excretion in rats during a persistent oxalate challenge

This study was done to resolve published discrepancies in oxalate excretion between humans and rats and to characterize oxalate partitioning in rats during persistent severe hyperoxaluria, such as that seen in many bariatric patients. Osmotic minipumps dispensing 360 micromole/day KOx + 3.9 +/- 0.14 microCi/day (14)C-oxalate were implanted subcutaneously. All excreta were collected. Rats were killed on day 13 and carcasses were dissected, ground, dissolved in HCl, and subjected to scintillation counting, and 92.1 +/- 3.9% of total oxalate administered was recovered. This was partitioned among the skin complex (38.2 +/- 7.7%), carcass complex (24.5 +/- 5.9%), and excreta (29.5 +/- 1.9%). The distribution of oxalate in the skin and carcass complexes led us to infer that only 29.5 +/- 1.9% of the administered oxalate entered the circulation. Of the circulated oxalate, 98.4 +/- 0.4% was excreted (total urine 78.9 +/- 1.7%; raw feces 21.0 +/- 1.7%). Thus, most oxalate that does enter the circulation is promptly excreted in rats, as in humans. Consequently, even after a large, persistent oxalate challenge, very little oxalate had accumulated in the internal organs, muscle, and skeleton. Unlike humans, however, rats excrete a significant fraction of oxalate in the feces.
Secondary flux enhancement in two-carrier facilitated transport

Abstract Mass transfer enhancement by carrier transport is analyzed for two independent carrier species in parallel. Additional secondary enhancement or depression is shown to occur with magnitude comparable to the initial carrier enhancement. Agreement between analysis and experimental data is quite good. Under proper conditions the total flux enhancement with two carrier species in parallel can exceed the linear combination of independent enhancements expected from the two carriers. This secondary enhancement may be comparable in magnitude to the initial enhancement in a single-carrier system. Total flux enhancement may also be depressed under some conditions. The additional enhancement or depression appears to be a kinetic phenomenon rather than an equilibrium effect. Separation processes may benefit from this secondary enhancement with two carriers, and of course care should be taken to avoid conditions which lead to depression of the carrier enhancement.
Active site structure of bacteriorhodopsin and mechanism of action.

Pressure experiments with freeze-dried bacteriorhodopsin indicate that water is an essential part of the chromophore. This observation is combined with already known information on (a) the pH dependence of proton pumping, (b) the secondary protein-chromophore interaction with lysine-40, and (c) the proton transfer in the initial photochemical step to give a detailed structure of the active site and a mechanism for proton pumping which is consistent with the bacteriorhodopsin polypeptide sequence.
Robo3 isoforms have distinct roles during zebrafish development.

Abstract Roundabout (Robo) receptors and their secreted ligand Slits have been shown to function in a number of developmental events both inside and outside of the nervous system. We previously cloned zebrafish robo orthologs to gain a better understanding of Robo function in vertebrates. Further characterization of one of these orthologs, robo3 , has unveiled the presence of two distinct isoforms, robo3 variant 1 ( robo3var1 ) and robo3 variant 2 ( robo3var2 ). These two isoforms differ only in their 5′-ends with robo3var1 , but not robo3var2 , containing a canonical signal sequence. Despite this difference, both forms accumulate on the cell surface. Both isoforms are contributed maternally and exhibit unique and dynamic gene expression patterns during development. Functional analysis of robo3 isoforms using an antisense gene knockdown strategy suggests that Robo3var1 functions in motor axon pathfinding, whereas Robo3var2 appears to function in dorsoventral cell fate specification. This study reveals a novel function for Robo receptors in specifying ventral cell fates during vertebrate development.
Expectations about the long-term consequences of recurring defensive interpersonal behavior

Abstract We investigated individuals’ expectations about the long-term impact of recurring defensive behavior on relationships. Specifically, we presented interpersonal vignettes to 96 participants who described their expectations about how the relationships would turn out. Consistent with predictions based on the theory of interpersonal defense (Westerman, 1998, 2005; Westerman & Prieto, 2006; Westerman & Steen, in press), as a group, participants anticipated that, over the long term, defensive behavior would (a) avert clear-cut instances of feared outcomes, (b) thwart the realization of wished-for outcomes, (c) promote positive outcomes related to, but distinct from wished-for outcomes, and (d) promote negative outcomes related to, but distinct from feared consequences (in a form of self-fulfilling prophesy). In support of a hypothesis regarding individual differences, self-reports of defensiveness were associated with less appreciation for the long-term costs of interpersonal defense. In the discussion, we consider alternative models for explaining this relationship between defensiveness and individuals’ expectations downplaying costs.
Detection of a chemical warfare agent simulant in various aerosol matrixes by ion mobility time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

For the first time, a traditional radioactive nickel (63Ni) β emission ionization source for ion mobility spectrometry was employed with an atmospheric pressure ion mobility orthogonal reflector time-of-flight mass spectrometer (IM(tof)MS) to detect a chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulant from aerosol samples. Aerosol-phase sampling employed a quartz cyclonic chamber for sample introduction. The simulant reference material, which closely mimicked the characteristic chemical structure of CWAs as defined and described by Schedule 1, 2, or 3 of the Chemical Warfare Convention treaty verification, was used in this study. An overall elevation in arbitrary signal intensity of ∼1.0 orders of magnitude was obtained by the progressive increase of the thermal AP-IMS temperature from 75 to 275 °C. A mixture of one G-type nerve simulant (dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP)) in four (water, kerosene, gasoline, diesel) matrixes was found in each case (AP-IMS temperature 75−275 °C) to be clearly resolved in less than 2.20...
Subaortic obstruction in complex congenital heart disease: Management by proximal pulmonary artery to ascending aorta end to side anastomosis

Six patients with univentricular heart and one patient with d-transposition of the great arteries had transection of the main pulmonary artery with an end to side anastomosis of the main pulmonary artery to the ascending aorta to relieve subaortic obstruction. Two operations were performed as a palliative procedure within the first 6 months of life and five were performed as part of a definitive repair (four modified Fontan procedures and one repair of transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect). There was one surgical death (14%) occurring 1 day postoperatively from low cardiac output. The remaining six patients are doing well 1 to 19 months postoperatively (mean 11.4 months). The proximal pulmonary artery to ascending aorta end to side anastomosis is an effective means of bypassing subaortic obstruction associated with complex congenital heart disease.
The last shall be the first and the first shall be last

We have not paid much attention to the precautionary pink slipping that has been going on the last few years. Most teachers so notified were hired back in the fall. But each year it has become more difficult to justify full staffing at the preceding year's level. Actually, we knew about the impending decline in school enrollment fully five years before it become evident at the kindergarten level. Even with these data we have observed only a feeble preparation for coping with manifestations of the problem. This article argues that we are moving blithefully toward teacher retrenchment, accepting the criterion that last hired should be first fired-or, the "last shall be first and the first shall be last" (Matt. 20:16). It is a blitheful movement because we seemingly have been unable or unwilling to examine the utility of the labor model for a reduction in force among teachers. Schwab depicts the generic condition when he writes, "The trouble with what one holds uncritically is that the moment somebody else questions it, one is thrown into a panic."' Declining enrollments and concomitant fiscal cutbacks have made no promise of a position for the coming year a practical reality for many teachers. Decrying the facts.is an exercise in futility. While there are more females of child bearing age than ever before, they are bearing fewer children. Rather than bemoaning the need for retrenchment, I believe we should look closely at how we effect a reduction in force. From a purely fiscal standpoint I see an irony in our necessity to lay off large numbers of teachers when we apply the policy of last hired first fired. Recently employed teachers rank usually in the first steps of the salary schedule. To exact any significant dollar savings, a school or district must lay off large numbers. High seniority, high salaried teachers remain relatively untouched. The more imperative problem reaches well beyond fiscal implications. Apparently our principal concern ought to result in devising a means of teacher retrenchment with the least deleterious effect on the quality of schooling.
Surgical Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Lymphedema in Breast Cancer Patients

The evidence available for risk reduction of lymphedema after breast cancer treatment is sparse and inconsistent. It is limited by confounding factors such as axillary disease burden, number of lymph nodes harvested, and radiation treatment. However, there are several strategies for prevention and risk reduction prior to the onset of lymphedema. Techniques such as sentinel lymph node biopsy, axillary reverse mapping, lymphatic anastomosis, and lymphovenular anastomosis are aimed at preventing or minimizing the disruption of lymphatic flow from the upper extremity. Few surgical procedures, such as the historical Charles procedure, as well as newer techniques including distal lymphaticovenular anastomosis, lymph node transfer, suction-assisted protein lipectomy, and low-level laser therapy exist. Nonsurgical treatments include complete decongestive therapy, pneumatic compression, Kinesio tape, and exercise. These have varying degrees of effectiveness but have limitations in patient compliance or availability of certified therapists.
Recombinant rabbit muscle casein kinase I α is inhibited by heparin and activated by polylysine

The casein kinase I (CKI) family consists of widely distributed monomeric Ser/Thr protein kinases that have a preference for acidic substrates. Four mammalian isoforms are known. A full length cDNA encoding the CKIα isoform was cloned from a rabbit skeletal muscle cDNA library and was utilized to construct a bacterial expression vector. Active CKIα was expressed in Escherichia coli as a polypeptide of Mr 36,000. The protein kinase phosphorylated casein, phosvitin and a specific peptide substrate (D4). The enzyme was inhibited by the isoquinolinesulfonamide CKI-7, half-maximally at 70 μM. Heparin inhibited phosphorylation of the D4 peptide or phosvitin by CKIα. Polylysine activated when the D4 peptide was the substrate but had no effect on phosvitin phosphorylation. It is becoming clear that the individual CKI isoforms have different kinetic properties and hence could have quite distinct cellular functions.
The next generation: New chemotherapy agents for the 1990s

HE USE OF cytotoxic agents to treat cancer began in the early 1940s with the use of nitrogen mustard for Hodgkin’s disease and other lymphomas. Since then, tremendous advances in cancer chemotherapy have occurred, leading to the cure of many patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Hodgkin’s disease, testicular cancer, and other solid tumors. t Over 40 agents excluding hormones have undergone clinical trials and have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the governmental agency charged with reviewing drug applications to ensure safety and rights of patients. This progress in cancer chemotherapy would not have been possible without patients who were willing to participate in clinical trials. However, less than 15% of all cancer patients participate in such trials.’ Patient involvement in clinical trials is not restricted to comprehensive cancer centers or university medical centers. Many community-based physicians participate in the trials of national cooperative study groups such as Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) or in clinical trials of university medical centers. Therefore, nurses in every setting in which cancer patients are treated need to be knowledgeable of new chemotherapeutic agents. Nurses are often instrumental in enlisting patients into clinical trials, particularly in explaining the trial to the patient and dispelling any misconceptions or fears. The nurse assures that the patient’s consent to receive an investigational treatment is truly an informed one-that the patient understands the risks and benefits of the proposed treatment and has accepted the treatment freely without coercion or inducement. The nurse also often administers the treatment and is responsible for monitoring, identifying, and recording side effects and toxicities. This article will discuss several promising new chemotherapeutic agents that are either undergoing clinical trials or have recently been approved by the FDA. The process of preclinical drug development and clinical trials for new antineoplastic agents will be reviewed. Finally, the important role that nurses play in this process will be examined.
Analysis of Cu–Ni diffusion in a spherical geometry for excess vacancy production

Abstract Darken’s equations are formulated for a spherical geometry and used to examine excess vacancy formation for a Cu–Ni binary system. A subsequent numerical analysis is performed to solve for the excess (above the local thermodynamic equilibrium) vacancies. The results indicate a propensity for pore formation due to the presence of supersaturated vacancies.
Improving Weight-Length Relationships in Fish to Provide More Accurate Bioindicators of Ecosystem Condition

Bioindicators are effective tools for evaluating ecosystem condition. Weight-length models are essential to using fish as bioindicators, providing expected weights for healthy fish of given lengths. The traditional model, W ( L ) = aL b , is widely used and fits many fish taxa but is error-prone and has undesirably large uncertainties.This study evaluated a proposed improvement, replacing with scaling parameter L 1 : W ( L ) = 1000( L / L 1 ) b . The primary hypothesis was that the proposed model would have lower mean parameter uncertainties than the traditional model and smaller uncertainties in most data sets, yielding more accurate bioindicators. The models were compared for 160 data sets including 94 taxa containing 14,102data points. Each set was fit to the traditional model and the proposed improvement with appropriate regression techniques. The improved model yielded lower uncertainties for L 1 but similar uncertainties to the traditional model for b . Lower L 1 uncertainties provide more sensitive bioindicators. The secondary hypothesis was supported: L 1 shows promise as a new bioindicator because its value increases when fish are stressed by suboptimal conditions including the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, oyster reef destruction, and overpopulation of invasive species. L 1 is sensitive, accurate, and valuable in conjunction with condition factor to assess environmental well-being.
Matching in an Undisturbed Natural Human Environment

Data from the Oregon Youth Study, consisting of the verbal behavior of 210 adolescent boys determined to be at risk for delinquency (targets) and 210 of their friends (peers), were analyzed for their conformance to the complete family of matching theory equations in light of recent findings from the basic science, and using recently developed analytic techniques. Equations of the classic and modern theories of matching were fitted as ensembles to rates and time allocations of the boys' rule-break and normative talk obtained from conversations between pairs of boys. The verbal behavior of each boy in a conversation was presumed to be reinforced by positive social responses from the other boy. Consistent with recent findings from the basic science, the boys' verbal behavior was accurately described by the modern but not the classic theory of matching. These findings also add support to the assertion that basic principles and processes that are known to govern behavior in laboratory experiments also govern human social behavior in undisturbed natural environments.
Selective-solvation-induced intramolecular electron transfer: time resolution via pulsed accelerated flow spectrophotometry

Despite extensive theoretical interest, relatively few experimental reports exist concerning nonphotochemical intramolecular electron-transfer (ET) kinetics, at least for chemically reversible (i.e., thermodynamically well-defined) redox systems. Nevertheless, the few that do exist have yielded important insights concerning donor-acceptor electronic coupling and solvent reorganization, especially over longer distances. We wish to report here an experiment which adds in an unusual way to the limited list of both chemical systems and chemical methodologies for inducing intramolecular ET. Our approach is based on the ability of added solvent to influence redox potentials, and therefore oxidation-state distributions, in selected asymmetric mixed-valence systems. 13 refs., 1 fig.
Radial effects in moving bed coal gasifiers

Abstract Radial effects in moving bed coal gasifiers are analyzed with a two-dimensional reactor model that predicts the spatial distribution of carbon conversi gas composition, and temperature. Wall cooling has little effect on the overall performance of pressurized dry-ash Lurgi and slagging gasifiers operati at full load, except under nearly adiabatic conditions, but it does affect carbon deposition and, in the dry-ash Lurgi, the location of the combustion Cooling and blast temperature effects interact in a complex manner. The effect of wall cooling at low throughputs is to require changes in feed ratios order to maintain proper temperature ranges in dry ash and slagging reactors, and to keep the combustion zone low in the dry-ash Lurgi.
Wechsler Picture Arrangement and Comprehension Scores as Measures of Social Maturity

Abstract Eighty fifth-grade girls and boys were administered both the comprehension and picture arrangement subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. These scores were correlated with teacher ratings on both emotional and interpersonal maturity. Since the comprehension and picture arrangement subtests have been characterized as measures of social competence, it was predicted that scores on these subtests would be positively related to maturity ratings. However, significant positive relationships were found only between comprehension scores and emotional and interpersonal maturity for both sexes. The results for the picture arrangement subtest were not significant.
Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Poly(ethylene glycol)-Variant Biomaterials

This study evaluated the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), on tyrosine-derived polycarbonates copolymerized with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to determine their potential as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications. The addition of PEG in the backbone of polycarbonates has been shown to alter mechanical properties, degradation rates, degree of protein adsorption, and subsequent cell adhesion and motility in mature cell phenotypes. Its effect on MSC behavior is unknown. MSC morphology, motility, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated on polycarbonates containing 0-5% PEG over a 14 day culture. MSCs on polycarbonates containing 0% or 3% PEG content upregulated the expression of osteogenic markers as demonstrated by alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin expression although at different stages in the 14 day culture. Cells on polycarbonates containing no PEG were characterized as having early onset of cell spreading and osteogenic differentiation. Cells on 3% PEG surfaces were delayed in cell spreading and osteogenic differentiation, but had the highest motility as compared with cells on substrates containing no PEG and substrates containing 5% PEG at early time points. Throughout the culture, cells on polycarbonates containing 5% PEG had the lowest levels of osteogenic markers, displayed poor cell-substrate adhesion, and established cell-cell aggregates. Thus, designing substrates with minute variations in PEG may serve as a tool to guide MSC adhesion and motility accompanying osteogenic differentiation, and may be beneficial for abundant bone tissue formation in vivo.
A Search for Atomic Hydrogen and Molecular Gas Absorption in High-Velocity Clouds

We have searched for H I, CO, and HCO+ in absorption along 16 lines of sight toward high-velocity clouds (HVCs). Of these, seven lines of sight are toward true HVCs, two are toward the Magellanic Stream, six are toward the outer arm complex, and one is toward a probable Galactic cloud. We detected absorption along two lines of sight toward the outer arm complex, at TS = 38 and 147 K, respectively. The detections are consistent with normal disk H I absorption. The nondetections suggest that HVCs are weak H I absorbers and that they contain primarily warm H I, with a surface filling fraction of cold (~50 K) gas of less than 7%. In one case, we obtained a 3 σ lower limit to the spin temperature of 180-320 K. Upper limits for CO and HCO+ emission along seven lines of sight are the most sensitive probes of molecular emission yet toward HVCs. The best upper limits imply N(CO) < 5.5 × 1014 and N(H2) < 5.5 × 1018 cm-2, assuming solar abundances and in one case a molecular gas fraction less than 17% at the 3 σ level. Averaging the CO nondetections to test for broader, low-level absorption implies N(CO) < 4.8 × 1014 cm-2.
Authigenic Feldspars And Cherts Resulting From Dolomitization Of Illitic Limestones: A Hypothesis

ABSTRACT The Lower Cambrian "Fucoid Beds" of northwest Scotland are distinguished by an exceptionally high content of potash feldspar. In an attempt to explain the origin of potash, comprising as much as 10 percent of the dolomitic siltstones, a probable relationship between the feldspars and certain authigenic minerals within the succession has emerged. Various petrologic features of the rocks discredit a primary origin for the potash and suggest a post-depositional enrichment mechanism. It is hypothesized that the presence of illite in limestones overlying the "Fucoid Beds" favored dolomitization which, in turn, displaced potassium from the illite to be reprecipitated in the argillaceous "Fucoid Beds" as orthoclase. Dolomitization of illite would also displace excess silica which could simultaneously account for the cherts of the Durness Carbonates (Cambro-Ordovician). The hypothesis proposes only an internal redistribution of compositional ingredients contained within the original sediments to partly or wholly explain the authigenic processes of dolomitization, feldspathization, and silicification within these rocks.
Texture of cooked potatoes: The effect of ions and ph on the compressive strength of cooked potatoes

It was shown from experiments on disks cooked in solutions of calcium chloride and calcium acetate, and in buffered solutions of calcium chloride at various pHs (sodium concentration constant) and from experiments where the ratios of disks to calcium chloride were varied, that the effect of calcium in increasing the compressive strength of the disks was small compared to the effect of reduced pH. The interaction of sodium and calcium was investigated at pH 6 (≈ the pH of cooked potato tissue). The effect of sodium in reducing compressive strength of the disks outweighed the effect of calcium in increasing compressive strength. Sodium and potassium chloride had a similar effect on loss of compressive strength on cooking. Increased compressive strength due to pH or the presence of calcium was overcome by extending the length of cooking. It is suggested that transelimination, ion exchange and hydrogen bond breakage may be more important factors than the chelation of calcium by naturally occurring phytin, in the breakdown of pectic substances and loss of intercellular adhesion during normal cooking of toes.
Periorbital versus orbital cellulitis.

Caring for patients with periorbital or orbital cellulitis is hampered by a lack of understanding of the meaning of these diagnostic terms both within and across medical specialties. Understanding the pathogenesis of these very different disorders helps in the understanding of other associated featu
A Fiber-Optic Carbon Dioxide Sensor for Fermentation Monitoring

We have developed a fiber-optic chemical sensor for determining dissolved carbon dioxide and assessed its performance for the on-line monitoring of fermentation. The sensor operates on the Severinghaus pCO2 electrode principle; it consists of a pH sensitive dye (hydroxypyrenetrisulfonic acid, HPTS) in an HCO3− buffer solution entrapped in an expanded PTFE support held at the distal end of an optical fiber by a gas permeable membrane. CO2 crossing the membrane produces a pH change in the indicator solution. This change is related to the external CO2 concentration by the Henderson-Hasselbach equation. The sensor has a reversible working dissolved CO2 dynamic range of 0–0.25 atm. The sensor can be auto-claved without affecting its calibration. Results are presented for the on-line determination of CO2 production in beer fermentation.
NEUROLEPTANALGESICS. 1. EFFECT OF DROPERIDOL, FENTANYL, INNOVAR, BENZQUINAMIDE, AND PENTAZOCINE ON THE DURATION OF THIOPENTAL-INDUCED SLEEP IN DOGS.

A standardized crossover experiment was employed to determine the effect of combining some new neuroleptic and analgesic drugs with thiopental on the duration of thiopental-induced sleep in dogs. The dose selected for each of the drugs was within the therapeutic effective dose range of their primary action, and was unlikely to produce severe cardiorespiratory depression. Droperidol prolonged thiopental-induced sleep and delayed full recovery by more than twice the time for thiopental alone. Fentanyl and pentazocine had approximately the same effect, causing a 50 per cent to 75 per cent delay in recovery. The effect with Innovar was less than that of droperidol, but was much more than that with fentanyl, indicating a dominant action of droperidol in the mixture with respect to the hypnotic effect. Benzquinamide had virtually no effect on the duration of thiopental-induced sleep.
A lower-variance randomized algorithm for approximate string matching

Several randomized algorithms make use of convolution to estimate the score vector of matches between a text string of length N and a pattern string of length M, i.e., the vector obtained when the pattern is slid along the text, and the number of matches is counted for each position. These algorithms run in deterministic time O(kNlogM), and find an unbiased estimator of the scores whose variance is (M-c)^2/k where c is the actual score; here k is an adjustable parameter that provides a tradeoff between computation time and lower variance. This paper provides an algorithm that also runs in deterministic time O(kNlogM) but achieves a lower variance of min(M/k,M-c)(M-c)/k. For all score values c that are less than M-(M/k), our variance is essentially a factor of k smaller than in previous work, and for M-(M/k)
The effect of interface on the transverse properties of composites

Abstract The effect of interface bond strength on the transverse behavior of elastic-plastic composite materials is studied. A finite element model employing special interface elements is developed for this study. The interface element allows modeling of either perfect bonding or debonding based on the interfacial stress state. The results of this study provide detailed information regarding the failure mechanisms and the ultimate strength of fiber-reinforced materials. Numerical examples are presented for a Kevlar/epoxy composite system. Failure envelopes for the composite under biaxial loading are obtained for various interface bond strengths. The numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Quasi-supersymmetric G3 unification from intersecting D6-branes on Type IIA orientifolds

Abstract We construct three quasi-supersymmetric G 3 GUT models with S 3 symmetry and gauge coupling unification from intersecting D6-branes on Type IIA orientifolds. The Standard Model fermions and Higgs doublets can be embedded into the bifundamental representations in these models, and there is no any other unnecessary massless representation. Especially in Model I with gauge group U (4) 3 , we just have three-family SM fermions and three pairs of Higgs particles. The G 3 gauge symmetry in these models can be broken down to the Standard Model gauge symmetry by introducing light open string states. And 1 TeV scale supersymmetry breaking soft masses imply the reasonable intermediate string scale.
Value confrontations between psychotherapists and adolescent patients.

Book reviewed in this article: Drug use, dissent, and changes in social behaviors and career directions among adolescents during the past decade have spawned a new mode of expression of adolescent emotional problems, often difficult for the psychotherapist to fit into his concepts of the traditional working alliance and goals of treatment. This paper explores differences in values and styles of life between therapists and their patients that can complicate the treatment process, and proposes modifications in treatment technique that may be useful with certain adolescent patients.
Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance in egg yolk lecithin: Field dependent line widths and phosphate group mobility

Abstract Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31PNMR) studies in aqueous dispersions of egg yolk lecithin show that the 31PNMR line broadens in an increasing magnetic field at the rate of 17.5 ± 1.7 ppm. A chemical shift anisotropy of the lipid phosphate group is proposed to account for the field dependent line width. The 31P line width, extrapolated to vanishing external magnetic field is 200 ± 120 Hz. Phosphate head group mobility, estimated from the extrapolated zero-field datum is compared with that determined from recently measured lipid diffusion constants. The results of these separate experiments are compatible.
Patients' understanding of medical risks: implications for genetic counseling.

Objective: To assess patients’ ability to compare magnitudes of Down syndrome risk at maternal ages of 35 and 40 years, expressed as rates or as proportions. Methods: We used a self-administered, anonymous questionnaire that posed the same comparison in two different formats: 2.6 versus 8.9 per 1000 women (rates) and one in 384 versus one in 112 women (proportions). The study setting included several university-affiliated obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinics in San Francisco, California. A total of 633 women, whose primary languages were English, Spanish, or Chinese, participated. The main outcome measure was correct identification of the larger of two risks. Results: Women were more successful with rates (463 of 633 respondents, 73%) than with proportions (353 of 633 respondents, 56%). A paired analysis, in which each woman served as her own control, found risk assessment to be significantly better with rates than with proportions (P < .001). Women with little formal education had difficulty understanding risks framed either way. Conclusion: The traditional use of proportions to express risk in genetic counseling lacks scientific basis. Rates were easier to understand than proportions, regardless of respondents’ age, language, and education.
Lyt phenotype analysis of the effector cells responsible for evoking lymphocyte-induced angiogenesis (LIA).

Abstract Lymphocyte-induced angiogenesis (LIA) is a vascular response observed when allogeneic or semiallogeneic immunocompetent lymphocytes are inoculated intradermally into immunosuppressed or irradiated host mice. The reported experiments were carried out to characterize the effector cell population(s) responsible for causing LIA. Lyt 1.2, Lyt 2.2, and monoclonal Thy 1.2 antisera were used for negative selection with complement (C′) to investigate the ability of selected subsets of lymphocytes to evoke angiogenesis. Treatment of C57BL/6 spleen cells with either anti-Lyt 1.2 or anti-Thy 1.2 and C′ resulted in an almost complete abrogation of the LIA reaction. In contrast, depletion of Lyt 2+ cells, under conditions which fully abrogated their ability to generate cell-mediated cytotoxicity in allogeneic mixed leukocyte cultures, resulted only in a partial (45%) reduction in the induced vascular response. Synergistic interaction between cell preparations treated separately with either anti-Lyt 1.2 or anti-Lyt 2.2 serum was not observed. We conclude that (i) Lyt 1 + 2−T lymphocytes can induce a significant LIA reaction; (ii) lymphocytes resistant to negative selection with anti-Lyt-1.2 serum are incapable of inducing such a reaction; and (iii) Lyt 1 + 2+ cells directly or indirectly play an additional role in generating a maximal LIA response.
Optimal duration of endurance performance on the cycle ergometer in relation to maximal oxygen intake.

The problem was to determine the optimal duration of endurance performance on the bicycle ergometer using max [Vdot]o2 as the criterion of validity. Max [Vdot]o2 was measured in 50 male college students using the, step-increment method (the initial resistance was 2·5 at 60 rpm on a bicycle ergometer, and was increased by 0·5 kg each two minutes until the subject would no longer turn.the ergometer, or when the rate fell to 40 to 50 rev/min).,In contrast, the endurance performance test was of the ‘ steady- pace ’ type in which all of the subjects began pedalling at the same initial rate of 69. pedal rpm at a work rate of 1656 kgm/min for 12 minutes. Although the rate of pedalling (and thus the Work rate) declined as fatigue developed, the friction load remained constant at124 kg throughout the test. There were 12 endurance scores for each individual, endurance being measured as the cumulated work done up to a particular minute. The 12 scores ranged from no decrement in the case of a few subjects with comple...
Antidromic nerve stimulation in monkey does not sensitize unmyelinated nociceptors to heat

Spread of sensitization of nociceptors has been proposed as the mechanism for the secondary hyperalgesia in the region that surrounds a cutaneous injury. One possibility, tested in this study, is that antidromically propagated action potentials in nociceptors result in the release of substances at their cutaneous arborization which sensitize adjacent nociceptors. Using standard teased-fiber techniques, we recorded from single C-fiber nociceptive afferents innervating hairy skin in the monkey. Heat testing was performed before and after electrical stimulation of the parent nerve at strengths sufficient to activate C-fibers. The heat thresholds and total response to the heat sequences were not changed by the electrical stimulation. We conclude that antidromic stimulation of C-fibers in the monkey does not sensitize C-fiber nociceptors to heat stimuli.
Delineation of gilvocarcin, jadomycin, and landomycin pathways through combinatorial biosynthetic enzymology

The exact sequence of events in biosyntheses of natural products is essential not only to understand and learn from nature's strategies and tricks to assemble complex natural products, but also for yield optimization of desired natural products, and for pathway engineering and muta-synthetic preparation of analogues of bioactive natural products. Biosyntheses of natural products were classically studied applying in vivo experiments, usually by combining incorporation experiments with stable-isotope labeled precursors with cross-feeding experiments of putative intermediates. Later genetic studies were dominant, which consist of gene cluster determination and analysis of gene inactivation experiments. From such studies various biosynthetic pathways were proposed, to a large extent just through in silico analyses of the biosynthetic gene clusters after DNA sequencing. Investigations of the complex biosyntheses of the angucycline group anticancer drugs landomycin, jadomycin and gilvocarcin revealed that in vivo and in silico studies were insufficient to delineate the true biosynthetic sequence of events. Neither was it possible to unambiguously assign enzyme activities, especially where multiple functional enzymes were involved. However, many of the intriguing ambiguities could be solved after in vitro reconstitution of major segments of these pathways, and subsequent systematic variations of the used enzyme mixtures. This method has been recently termed ‘combinatorial biosynthetic enzymology’.
Azotemia in Cancer Patients During Inpatient Rehabilitation

This paper presents a study of the relationship between prerenal azotemia and rehabilitation outcomes of cancer patients. A retrospective chart review of 70 patients who underwent inpatient rehabilitation in a tertiary cancer center was undertaken. Eight patients with creatinine values >1.5 were excluded. The remaining 62 patients were divided into 2 groups according to the blood urea nitrogen/creatinine (BUN/Cr) ratio: 27 (44%) in the prerenal azotemia group (BUN/Cr > or = 20) and 35 (56%) in the non-azotemic group (BUN/Cr < 20). Age, gender, <10 g/dL of hemoglobin, co-morbidity (diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension), discharge destiny and median rehabilitation length of stay were not significantly different in these 2 groups. Prerenal azotemia was present in a significant number of cancer patients, but it did not impact the length of rehabilitation stay or discharge destiny.
Opportunities for Inquiry Science in Montessori Classrooms: Learning from a Culture of Interest, Communication, and Explanation

Although classroom inquiry is the primary pedagogy of science education, it has often been difficult to implement within conventional classroom cultures. This study turned to the alternatively structured Montessori learning environment to better understand the ways in which it fosters the essential elements of classroom inquiry, as defined by prominent policy documents. Specifically, we examined the opportunities present in Montessori classrooms for students to develop an interest in the natural world, generate explanations in science, and communicate about science. Using ethnographic research methods in four Montessori classrooms at the primary and elementary levels, this research captured a range of scientific learning opportunities. The study found that the Montessori learning environment provided opportunities for students to develop enduring interests in scientific topics and communicate about science in various ways. The data also indicated that explanation was largely teacher-driven in the Montessori classroom culture. This study offers lessons for both conventional and Montessori classrooms and suggests further research that bridges educational contexts.
Design and fabrication of an active gravity balanced planar mechanism using auxiliary parallelograms

This paper describes the design of an active gravity balanced planar mechanism, where auxiliary parallelograms are used to physically locate the center of mass of the mechanism. A sliding carriage positions a counterweight directly above the center of mass of the mechanism in order to make the system gravity balanced. The sliding carriage uses joint encoder data from the mechanism to compute the location of the center of mass. Experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
p90-RSK and Akt may promote rapid phosphorylation/inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 in chemoattractant-stimulated neutrophils.

Stimulation of neutrophils with the chemoattractant fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP) triggers phosphorylation/inactivation of the α- and β-isoforms of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) with phosphorylation of the α-isoform predominating. These reactions were monitored with a phosphospecific antibody that only recognized the α- or β-isoforms of GSK-3 when these proteins were phosphorylated on serine residues 21 and 9, respectively. Inhibitor studies indicated that phosphorylation of GSK-3α may be catalyzed by the combined action of p90-RSK and Akt and may represent a new strategy by which G protein-coupled receptors inactivate GSK-3. Inactivation of GSK-3 may be one of the mechanisms that delay apoptosis in fMLP-stimulated neutrophils.
Intrathecal morphine during thoracotomy, part 1: Effect on intraoperative enflurane requirements

The ability of intrathecal morphine to reduce the anesthetic requirements during thoracotomy was investigated. Twenty-four patients scheduled for thoracic surgery were studied. Anesthesia was induced with thiamylal sodium, 4 mg/kg, fentanyl, 100 micrograms, and 100 mg of succinylcholine. Prior to skin incision, 12 patients received intrathecal injection of 12 micrograms/kg of preservative-free morphine sulfate (ITM), while the remaining 12 patients served as controls. The ITM was given undiluted at the L3-4 or L4-5 level. Anesthesia was maintained solely with enflurane, titrated to keep mean arterial pressure within 15% of the preoperative values. Vecuronium was given as required for relaxation. No additional narcotics were administered. Throughout the procedure, end-tidal (ET) enflurane concentration was recorded at 15-minute intervals from the mass spectrometer (Perkin Elmer). The intraoperative mean ET concentration of enflurane was significantly reduced in the ITM group beginning 1 hour after the injection (1.19 +/- .45% in the control group versus 0.73 +/- 0.08% in the ITM group). The enflurane requirements, expressed as percent end-tidal enflurane/hour, were significantly less in the ITM group for the duration of the procedure (0.8 +/- .17 v 1.08 +/- .22, respectively). In conclusion, when administered prior to skin incision for post-thoracotomy pain control, intrathecal morphine reduces intraoperative enflurane requirements.
Production of He + Ions by Mutual Collisions between Metastable Helium Atoms

The time dependence of the ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ ion density has been studied during the decay period of plasmas produced in helium and helium containing 5 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$% neon. The results show that during the early afterglow period the time dependence of the ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ density is determined by the ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ loss processes, while during the late afterglow period this time dependence may be governed by ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ production due to mutual collisions between triplet metastable helium atoms. The experimental conditions for observing the influence of the ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ production process on its decay rate are discussed.
A study of the aerothermal entry environment

Turbulent flow-field solutions are presented for the forebody of a probe entering a nominal Jupiter atmosphere. A two-layer eddy viscosity model is used throughout the study. The solutions that include coupled ablation injection are significant in that they are the first flow-field solutions for a 45-deg spherically blunted cone, the forebody configuration for the Galileo probe. The sphere-cone solutions that include coupled ablation injection show that the radiative heating on much of the conical portion of the probe often exceeds the radiative heating predicted for the corresponding no-injection solution. Turbulence produces a marked decrease in the effectiveness of the ablation products to absorb radiation because of the way in which turbulence alters the structure and composition of the flow. Selected laminar and turbulent solutions are presented for a hyperboloid that demonstrate the effect of turbulence and probe configuration on surface heating and ablative mass loss. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the heating to variations in the turbulence model is presented for the sphere-cone configuration.