cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic studies on the interaction of some ureas and salts with micellar triton-X-100 in aqueous solutions

Abstract We have determined the enthalpies of solution in the micellar state (Δ H s ) for Triton-X-100 in 1 m aqueous solutions of urea, 1,3-dimethyl urea, tetramethyl urea, sodium chloride and calcium chloride at 298.15 K and 308.15 K. These results were used to evaluate the heat capacities of solution (Δ C p ,s ) for Triton-X-100 micelles in these solvent systems. It has been observed that Δ C p ,s values of micellar Triton-X-100 decreases drastically upon transfer from water to these solutions but is positive in all cases. Thus, the heat capacities of transfer of Triton-X-100 micelles (Δ C p ,tr ) are negative in all the systems studied. A comparison of the effect of non-electrolytes (ureas) and electrolytes (salts) on the micelle has been presented. The results have been discussed in terms of the relative water-structure-disrupting tendencies of the ureas and the salts.
Thalidomide up-regulates prostate-specific antigen secretion from LNCaP cells.

Thalidomide has been shown to have species- and metabolic-dependent antiangiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo, suggesting its potential in treating human angiogenesis-dependent pathologies such as solid tumors. Based on promising preclinical studies, thalidomide has entered phase II clinical trials for prostate, brain, breast cancer, and Kaposi's sarcoma. However, the antiangiogenic mechanism of action is largely unresolved, as are its effects on tumor-associated gene expression, cytokine secretion, etc. We have investigated the effects of thalidomide on: 1) the secretion of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in a human androgen-dependent prostate cell line; 2) growth and viability of human prostate cells; and 3) differential gene expression profiles of thalidomide-treated vs untreated human prostate cells. A human androgen-dependent prostate carcinoma cell line (LNCaP) and a human androgen-independent prostate carcinoma cell line (PC-3) were incubated with thalidomide 0.6, 6, or 60 μg/mL for 5–6 days. Secreted PSA from LNCaP cells was measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Cell viability studies were conducted in both LNCaP and PC-3 cells using the same thalidomide concentrations. Furthermore, the differential gene expression of thalidomide-treated LNCaP cells was compared to that of untreated control cells using a commercially available human cancer cDNA expression array system. Thalidomide-treated LNCaP cells demonstrated increased PSA/cell levels at all concentrations tested compared to untreated control cells. Thalidomide demonstrated a cytostatic effect in LNCaP cells but had no appreciable effect on PC-3 cell viability compared to untreated control cells. Comparison of cDNA expression arrays hybridized with thalidomide-treated LNCaP cDNA probes suggests that thalidomide may up- or downregulate expression of angiogenesis-related genes, i.e., vitronectin, but these differential effects require further verification. Thalidomide over a range of doses has demonstrated nontoxic, cytostatic activity in LNCaP cells and significant upregulation of LNCaP cell PSA secretion in vitro. Furthermore, preliminary data from cDNA nucleic acid arrays of thalidomide-treated LNCaP cells suggest that thalidomide upregulates a potential angiogenic modulatory protein, the vitronectin precursor, which may eventually link thalidomide's antiangiogenic activity with modulation of angiogenic vascular integrin pathways.
CHRONIC LYMPHATIC LEUKEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH LOCALIZED LYMPHOSARCOMA OF THE TERMINAL ILEUM, CECUM, AND APPENDIX. REPORT OF A CASE.

A case of chronic lymphatic leukemia and localized lymphosarcoma of the terminal ileum, cecum, and appendix is presented. In the light of current thinking the episode of trauma in this case is probably coincidental and has no etiological significance.
Floral isolation between ornithophilous and sphingophilous species of Ipomopsis and Aquilegia.

Abstract The Ipomopsis aggregata group (Polemoniaceae) and Aquilegia formosa-Aquilegia caerulea group (Ranunculaceae) in western North America contain species with ornithophilous flowers and related species with sphingophilous flowers. The ornithophilous and sphingophilous species are sympatric over large areas and remain distinct in some sites where they grow close together. Floral isolation-a combination of mechanical and ethological isolation-plays a significant role in the reproductive isolation. The primary pollinators of the ornithophilous taxa are the common western American species of hummingbirds, and the primary pollinators of the sphingophilous taxa are western hawkmoths. The ornithophilous and sphingophilous flowers are adapted to their respective primary pollinators. A corollary of these specializations is that the differences between the two types of floral mechanisms significantly reduce interspecific pollination. The floral isolation is incomplete. However, it acts not alone but in conjunction with ecological and seasonal isolation, which are also incomplete. The combination of these three incomplete external isolating mechanisms is sufficient to maintain the distinctness of the ornithophilous and sphingophilous species in some areas of sympatric coexistence.
Validated assay for the quantification of anastrozole in human plasma by capillary gas chromatography-63Ni electron capture detection

An assay was developed for the quantification of anastrozole [2,2'-[5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ymethyl)-1,3-phenylene]bis(2-++ +methylpropiononitrile)] in human plasma using liquid-liquid extraction. Anastrozole and an internal standard were chromatographed and detected by gas chromatography with electron capture detection, using a combination temperature-pressure program. The range of the assay is 3 to 100 ng/ml. Anastrozole was quantified by comparing its peak area to that of an internal standard. A cross-validation of this assay was also successfully performed between several laboratories.
The Concept of Totality in Lukács and Adorno

At a conference dedicated to the memory of George Lichtheim, it is a risky undertaking indeed to attempt an analysis of the relationship between Georg Lukacs and the Frankfurt School. For in so doing, one must traverse much of the same ground that Lichtheim crossed with such agility in From Marx to Hegel and elsewhere.1 Rather than try to match the integrative sweep and synthetic power which characterize the essays in that collection, I have set myself the more modest task of focusing on one facet of that relationship which seems central to an understanding of the development of Marxist Humanism in this century. The issue I have chosen is the different uses of the concept of totality in the work of Lukacs and Theodor W. Adorno, who represents the most radical antipode to Lukacs among the first generation of Frankfurt School theorists.2 More specifically, my concern will be with the implicit clash between History and Class Consciousness 3 and Negative Dialectics and the implications of that clash for Marxist theory today.4 Although many of the same questions were treated in the aesthetic writings of both men — Lukacs in fact first used totality in The Theory of the Novel 5 — limitations of space preclude an examination of the implications for Marxist aesthetics.
Prostaglandin E2 depresses antigen-presenting cell function of peritoneal macrophages

Abstract Eicosanoids play a prominent role in trauma. Such mediators of inflammation negatively influence cell-mediated immunity (CMI). There is, however, no information available on the effect of eicosanoids on a critical event in CMI, i.e., antigen-presenting (AP) cell function of macrophages (Mφ), a cellular process responsible for the activation of T and B lymphocytes. The aim of this study, therefore, was to examine the effect of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) and thromboxane B 2 (TXB 2 ) on AP cell function of the peritoneal Mφ. To study this, a T-helper-cell clone, D10.G4.1 was employed. This cell clone proliferates in the presence of Ia k (Class II glycoprotein, MAC product) bearing Mφ and specific antigen (conalbumin A) thus directly reflecting the AP capability of the Mφ. Peritoneal Mφ were harvested from B10.BR mice (H2 k ) and their AP was tested in vitro by incubating varying numbers of Mφ with 2 × 10 4 D10.G4.1 cells/well and conalbumin (400 μg/ml) in the presence and absence of different concentrations of PGE 2 or TXB 2 . Cultures were incubated for 72 hr, pulsed with [ 3 H]-thymidine, and harvested. At concentrations of 10, 30, and 100 n M of PGE 2 , D10.G4.1 proliferations were 38, 35, and 20% of control, respectively ( P 2 added at the above-mentioned concentrations did not suppress the proliferative response of D10. Thus, PGE 2 but not TXB 2 has a potent immunosuppressive effect on AP of peritoneal Mφ. The above results lead us to conclude that the elevated levels of PGE 2 in hemorrhage and trauma could be responsible for perturbations in CMI via depression of AP cell function of the Mφ. In addition, this defective AP process might further increase the susceptibility to sepsis and multiple organ failure following trauma.
Coda wave analysis for distinguishing attenuation due to isotropic scattering from attenuation due to absorption

When the quality factorQ is taken into account in attenuation studies, it is necessary to know the relative losses of wave energy due to scattering and to anelastic absorption. The coda is the most important phenomenon now known which is related to elastic scattering of seismic waves. Utilizing coda, this study presents relationships which give theQ factors of the medium around the recording station and discriminate between attenuations arising from elastic scattering (under the assumption of isotropic scattering) and those arising from anelastic absorption. This work proposes a technique for separately determining the attenuation due to isotropic scattering and that due to absorption from the observed envelope of coda waves.
Repair of fractured connectors in a provisional fixed partial denture.

THE JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY 449 The functions of a provisional fixed partial denture include pulpal protection, maintenance of periodontal health, stabilization of tooth position, maintenance or improvement of occlusal function, and the establishment or continuation of desired esthetic contour.1,2 A fractured connector may lead to the loss or dislodgement of a retainer, which may result in occlusal disharmony, food impaction, esthetic embarrassment, and the violation of all the stated goals. Many proactive techniques have been advocated to counter the potential for connector fracture. These include increasing the dimensions of the connector,2 reinforcing the connector with metal wires or plates,3 and fabricating the connector with heat-polymerized acrylic resin reinforced with cast metal substructures4-6 or with autopolymerizing acrylic resin with cast metal.7 Despite such preventive measures, connectors still break. A common method for the repair of a fractured or missing margin is the brush paint-on technique,8 which is also called the bead-brush technique.2 The surface of the restoration that requires additional material is moistened with monomer, and a paint brush is dipped into the monomer. The wet brush is gently touched to the surface of an aliquot of polymer, “forming a small bead on the [brush] tip.”2 This bead is carried to the surface of the restoration, allowed to set in a moist, “air-free” environment (closed mouth) to reduce porosity, and finished and polished. If used to repair a broken connector (cracked, but no substance missing), this technique will result in overcontour and subsequent esthetic and periodontal compromise. However, the sections can be “readily repaired by cutting retentive sections on each side of the broken area and utilizing the brush technique to paint autopolymerizing acrylic resin to weld the 2 together.”8 This paint-on technique, applied to intracoronal preparations of the adjacent components, assures a repair of the connector that is strong, esthetic, and appropriately contoured. The following is a modification of the slot technique, which incorporates the design features of a Class II preparation. The open proximal boxes and dovetails permit more convenient placement of acrylic resin and may, by virtue of design, provide for a stronger union between the parts. Definitive refinement of the occlusal and axial contours remains uncompromised.
Urinary cytology. The microscopic cystoscope.

The urologist is very well aware that the cystoscope is of extreme value in observing gross macroscopic lesions of the bladder. However, many are not cognizant of the potential practical value of urinary cytology as a microscopic cystoscope for the urinary tract. Urinary cytology is not only of diagnostic value in bladder cancer but also helpful in the detection of early malignant lesions of the ureter and renal pelvis.‘*2
Stochastic modeling of finite-rate chemistry effects in hydrogen-air turbulent jet diffusion flames with helium dilution

Stochastic simulations of turbulent hydrogen-air jet diffusion flames at three different dilution rates with helium are implemented using the ‘one-dimensional turbulence’ (ODT) model. The approach is based on one-dimensional unsteady solution of boundary layer equations to represent molecular processes and a stochastic implementation of turbulent advection. The 1D scalar and streamwise momentum profiles represent radial profiles within the flames; while, the unsteady evolution of the solution is interpreted as a downstream evolution of the radial scalar and streamwise momentum profiles. Multiple realizations of jet simulations are used to compute conditional statistics of major species, NO, and temperature. The ODT computations are implemented with a five-step reduced mechanism for hydrogen combustion and an optically-thin radiation model. Computed conditional statistics of temperature, major and minor species are compared to the experimental data from a set of documented flames at Sandia National Labs. Reasonable qualitative and quantitative agreement between computed and measured statistics is found, including very good predictions of NO mean and RMS profiles. Both computation and experiment exhibit the role of dilution in enhancing finite-rate chemistry effects, which vary as a function of downstream distance and fuel dilution.
The Cinema of George Lucas by Marcus Hearn. New York: Abrams, 2005

Since 1983, several major illustrated biographies have been devoted to the “New American Virgil,” as some pundits have named the multi-millionaire storyteller credited principally with creating the...
Sins of omission--cancer research without informed consent.

Dr. Barron H. Lerner describes a controversy that started in 1963. How did it happen that 22 patients received injections of cancer cells without their knowledge?
Alternative Control Structures for Distillation Columns with Partial Condensers

Partial condensers are used in distillation columns when the distillate product is removed as a vapor stream. This approach is commonly employed when there are very light components in the feed to the column that would require a high column pressure or a low condenser temperature to completely condense these very volatile components. The use of a partial condenser can avoid the use of costly refrigeration in the condenser. Both the pressure and the level in the reflux drum need to be controlled, and several manipulated variables are available: reflux flow, distillate flow, and condenser heat removal. This paper explores three alternative control structures for this type of system, under two different design conditions: (1) a large vapor distillate flow rate (moderate reflux ratio) and (2) a very small vapor distillate flow rate (high reflux ratio). The preferred control structure depends on the control objectives of the entire process. For example, when the distillate goes to a downstream unit and large...
CONSTANT FRACTION TIMING ADAPTER FOR A ZERO-CROSSOVER DISCRIMINATOR.

Abstract A 51 Ω passive adapter may be used to convert a zero-crossover discrimination to constant fraction timing. The time slewing is estimated to be less than 500 psec; the reflection coefficient is ±5% with the major reflection less than 1 nesc in duration.
Comorbidity of Pediatric Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder and Anxiety Disorders: Impact on Symptom Severity and Impairment

This study explored the impact of comorbidity on symptom severity and treatment outcome in a sample of 75 pediatric Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) patients. Forty received cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT). Overall, 56% had a comorbid disorder. Results revealed that youth with comorbid disorders (anxiety or otherwise) endorsed significantly more anxiety symptoms than youth with OCD only. Youth with comorbidities instead of or in addition to anxiety exhibited more severe OCD symptoms than youth with OCD alone or an anxiety-only comorbidity. Youth in the comorbidities instead of or in addition to anxiety group had the poorest CBT response relative to the other groups. These results suggest that relative to those with OCD alone or with an anxiety disorder comorbidity, youth with comorbidities instead of or in addition to anxiety have a differing clinical presentation (e.g., more severe symptoms) and worse psychotherapy outcome.
Exchange Model of Zero-Bias Tunneling Anomalies

Exchange model of zero bias tunneling anomalies, discussing Hamiltonian, interference magnetic scattering and metal junctions
Pedunculated Pericardial Coelomic Cyst Manifesting as a Rolling Intrapleural Mass

A proved case of pedunculated pericardial coelomic cyst, which presented as an intrapleural rolling mass, is reported. Pneumothorax made the cyst with long stalk more visible on films.
Introduction to Information Visualization (InfoVis) techniques for model-based systems engineering

This paper presents insights that conform to numerous system modeling languages/representation standards. The insights are drawn from best practices of Information Visualization as applied to aerospace-based applications.
Induction of Murine Hepatocyte Death by Membrane-Bound CD95 (Fas/APO-1)-Ligand: Characterization of an In Vitro System

Abstract Hepatocytes constitutively express CD95 (also called Fas/APO-1) and are therefore potential targets for CD95-ligand (CD95L)-mediated injury. To study this mechanism of cell death in hepatocytes we developed an in vitro model of liver cell apoptosis using membrane-bound CD95L as the inducing agent. Primary mouse hepatocytes were cocultured with NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, stably transfected with mouse CD95L (FCD95L+). Fibroblasts stably transfected with vector only (FCD95L−) served as controls. Hepatocytes from mice expressing low levels of CD95 (Faslpr mice) served as controls for effects unrelated to CD95. Morphologic and biochemical studies indicate that CD95 is expressed in cultured mouse hepatocytes. Membrane-bound CD95 from transfected fibroblasts destroyed all cocultured hepatocytes within 24 hours in the absence of protein synthesis inhibitors. Characteristic features of apoptosis were observed in dying hepatocytes and occurred in the following sequence: formation of cytoplasmic blebs and nuclear condensation after 3 hours; nuclear fragmentation and DNA strand breaks after 4 hours. These changes were observed only when normal hepatocytes were cocultured with FCD95L+ and were not observed with FCD95L− or in hepatocytes from Faslpr mice. Anti-CD95 antibody (Jo2) evoked similar changes in hepatocytes, although to a much lesser extent. We conclude that coculture of mouse hepatocytes with FCD95L+ is a useful in vitro model for CD95-mediated apoptosis induced by CD95L. The high incidence of apoptosis caused by membrane-bound CD95L differs from the much smaller effects induced by the Jo2 antibody. In view of the high sensitivity of hepatocytes towards CD95L we speculate that CD95L-induced liver damage in vivo may be minimized by restricting exposure of hepatocytes to CD95L. (Hepatology 2000;32:779-785.)
On the conservation of momentum for a sound pulse reflecting from a pressure-release boundary

When a “massless” one-dimensional sound pulse (mass of a sound pulse is defined as an integral of the perturbation of density over the pulse length) reflects from a pressure-release boundary, its momentum changes sign. This obviously violates momentum conservation. However, in contrast to the case of an unbounded medium, calculation of the momentum in a bounded region includes a second-order term as well. Apparently, the second-order correction to the linear solution ensures momentum conservation in this case. The purpose of this Letter is to find a concrete form of this second-order correction. It appears that, as a result of the nonlinear interaction of the pulse with a pressure-release boundary, the latter experiences second-order net shift. This leads to the generation of a massive second-order rarefaction pulse whose momentum is directed opposite to the direction of propagation of the pulse itself. Appearance of this pulse ensures total momentum conservation.
Time-dependent theory of hot electrons using the discrete Boltzmann equation.

The discrete Boltzmann equation may be applied to the time evolution of the electron distribution for spatially homogeneous systems in which optical-phonon scattering is dominant. We describe the time-dependent solution for both pulsed and steady excitation (e.g., via photoexcitation). The results for the latter case may be compared with experimental hot-electron luminescence spectra under steady photoexcitation. The agreement is generally good, but sensitive in detail to the method used to calculate recombination rates.
READING EFFICIENCY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEFT-TO-RIGHT WRITING BY THE ANCIENT GREEKS

Ancient Greeks added vowels to a consonantal language and changed their horizontal writing direction from right-to-left to left-to-right. The idea that the dextral majority in ancient Greece developed left-to-right writing solely because writing efficiency was greater is questioned. Cerebral hemispheric functions that might be involved during fixation pauses in reading suggest that horizontal ancient Greek was read more efficiently from left to right than from right to left, the other direction in which it usually was written. The same considerations suggest that horizontal consonantal scripts are read more efficiently from right to left than from left to right. The importance of boustrophedon, a continuous writing style, in the development of left-to-right writing and aspects of the reciprocity between cerebral hemispheric functioning and writing direction of vocalic scripts are discussed.
Regulation of apoptosis by bcl-2 family proteins and its role in cancer and chemoresistance.

In essentially all tissues that have self-renewal capacity, there exists a delicate balance between cell production by mitogenesis and cell loss due to programmed cell death (PCD), which maintains total cell numbers within physiologically appropriate ranges. Genetic alterations that either dysregula
4.0-4.5-mum lasing of Fe:ZnSe below 180 K, a new mid-infrared laser material.

Lasing of Fe:ZnSe is demonstrated, for the first time to the authors’ knowledge, for temperatures ranging from 15 to 180 K.?The output wavelength of the Fe:ZnSe laser was observed to tune with temperature from 3.98 µm at 15 K to 4.54 µm at 180 K.?With an Er:YAG laser operating at 2.698 µm as the pump source, a maximum energy per pulse of 12 µJ at 130 K was produced. Laser slope efficiencies of 3.2% at 19 K and 8.2% at 150 K were determined for an output coupling of 0.6%. A laser emission linewidth of 0.007 µm at 3.98 µm was measured at 15 K.?Absorption and emission spectra and emission lifetimes for Fe:ZnSe are also discussed.
A comparison of models of a folded plate

Two mathematical models of the junction region between two elastic plates will be compared. One of the models is due to H. Le Dret and was derived in the spirit of the Ciarlet-Destuynder method of asymptotic expansions. The other utilizes a classical Lagrangian formulation and is based on a certain type of geometric modeling. It is shown that in the case of a right-angle folded plate with "simple clamping,'' the two approaches give rise to one and the same model.
Conformational Behavior of the Confined Fg-Repeat Domains in the Nuclear Pore

The nuclear pore complex, NPC, is responsible for selectively conducting transport to/from the nucleus in eukaryotes. While we are entering the sixth decade of the NPC-related research and discovery, the mechanism of selectivity barrier across the pore remains elusive. This is mainly due to the fact that the exact function and mechanics of the main players of the transport process, i.e. the FG-repeats, has proved difficult to capture during transport. FG-repeat domains are natively unfolded and constitute about one third of the NPC mass. They are believed to coat the most inner layer of the pore and directly interact with cargos, thus founding the selectivity barrier. The FG-repeats are confined to the central channel, so the compact architecture of the channel makes the investigation even more challenging. Here we have established a 3D coarse-grained model of the yeast channel with all 11 known FG Nucleoporins (Nups). We extract the exact sequence of the FG Nups disordered domains and implement their length, hydrophobicity, charge, and the native grafting density in the model. Our results show that the FG-motifs are mainly concentrated toward the central part of the channel, while charged residues are predominantly near the wall. Depending on the pore diameter, FG-repeats can either make a channel-filling hydrogel or a thick lubricating layer, consistent with two different models proposed in the field. We also investigated the effect of the channel shape ranging from a perfect cylinder to an hourglass geometry and observed that the bottleneck of the hourglass shape can affect the conformational behavior of the FG-repeats, depending on its aspect ratio.
Cooperative MIMO beamforming performance using measured urban channels

This paper uses coherent measurements from three BS sites to a single MS in a macrocellular environment to study the potential gains achievable with cooperative BS communication. The analysis compares the performance achieved using transmit beamforming with either a sum-power and a per-BS power constraint to that achieved using uninformed cooperative transmitters as well as the best BS-to-MS link. The results demonstrate that under low SNR conditions, transmit beamforming offers notable performance improvements for either power constraint. However, as the SNR increases, only the sum-power constraint can offer significant improvements.
Monte Carlo simulation of realistic transmission breast optical tomography data for optimization of finite element image reconstruction

We use mesh based Monte Carlo simulations to generate a realistic dataset for transmission breast diffuse optical tomography. We use these controlled conditions to test the impact of data degradation on finite element diffusion based image reconstructions.
RECRYSTALLIZATION OF DEFORMED ALPHA-URANIUM SINGLE CRYSTALS

Abstract The orientation relationship between deformed and recrystallized alpha-uranium can be expressed as 27.5° rotations about axes located 70.0° from the s[100], 63.5° from the [010]and 34.0° from the [001]. In deriving this relationship it was necessary to consider the recrystallized grains found upon annealing deformed single crystals as originating from twins as well as from the parent crystal. Comparisons of deformation and recrystallization textures of polycrystalline uranium agree well with the finding.
Polymer characterization by laser desorption with multiphoton ionization of end-group chromophores

We have used a combination of laser desorption, separate multiphoton ionization, and mass spectrometry to characterize films of perfluorinated polyethers. Photoionization is achieved through end group chromophores, which are either present in the polymer or chemically attached. The technique provides parent molecular weight distributions without fragmentation. Examples are given of end group analysis, wavelength dependent spectroscopy, analysis of repeat unit distributions in copolymers, and polymer degradation analysis.
ARAS: asynchronous RISC architecture simulator

In this paper, an asynchronous pipeline instruction simulator, ARAS is presented. With this simulator, one can design selected instruction pipelines and check their performance. Performance measurements of the pipeline configuration are obtained by simulating the execution of benchmark programs on the machine architectures developed. Depending on the simulation results obtained by using ARAS, the pipeline configuration can be altered to improve its performance. Thus, one can explore the design space of asynchronous pipeline architectures.
Studying Mildly Handicapped Children's Adjustment to Mainstreaming A Systemic Approach

This article provides a brief critique of our current research base with regard to the influence of mainstreaming on the social-emotional competence of mildly handicapped (MH) children followed by discussion of a research project on this topic that we believe overcomes the limitations of previous studies. It emphasizes the need for longitudinal analysis, assessment in multiple environments, and the use of multitrait-multimethod methodologies. It underscores the need of special education to produce systemic research that attempts to weave a more complex pattern from the personal, peer, family, and school factors that serve to mold children's personal-social competence.
Outcomes of covered versus bare-metal balloon-expandable stents for aortoiliac occlusive disease

Objective Randomized trials and retrospective data suggest that covered balloon-expandable (CBE) stents have better short-term patency compared with balloon-expandable bare-metal stents (BMSs) in the treatment of iliac artery disease. This study evaluated midterm outcomes of BMSs vs CBE stents placed in the common iliac artery (CIA) for aortoiliac occlusive disease. Methods All endovascular interventions for symptomatic peripheral arterial occlusive disease performed at a single institution from 2006 to 2012 were reviewed. Patients undergoing stent placement in the CIA segment were included in the analysis. Demographic data, TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) classification, stent type, patency, and limb reinterventions were compared. Results For treatment of de novo distal aorta or CIA stenosis, 254 procedures were performed in 162 patients. BMSs were used in 190 arteries; CBE stents were used in 64 arteries. There was no difference in age, gender, or TASC classification between the two groups. Mean follow-up was 22 ± 16 months. Primary patency, assisted patency, and secondary patency were significantly better in the BMS group. CIAs treated with covered stents were more likely at 1 year or longer to require repeated intervention (hazard ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-5.3; P = .009). TASC classification did not predict need for reintervention in either group. Multivariate analysis revealed dual antiplatelet therapy to be the only other factor to affect patency during long-term follow-up. Conclusions In this study, BMSs had significantly better patency compared with CBE stents for treatment of aortoiliac occlusive disease. A randomized trial comparing patency as well as restenosis rates with long-term follow-up is needed to determine if there is any benefit from use of covered stents in the aortoiliac segment.
Iron content of the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus is increased in adolescent multiple sclerosis.

Objective:The objective of this paper is to assess abnormal phase values, indicative of increased iron content, using susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI)-filtered phase of the subcortical deep gray matter (SDGM) in adolescent multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological disorders (OND) patients, and in healthy controls (HC).Methods:Twenty adolescent MS and eight adolescent OND patients and 21 age- and sex-matched HC were scanned on a 3T GE scanner. Mean phase of abnormal phase tissue (MP-APT), MP-APT volume, normal phase tissue volume (NPTV) and normalized volume measurements were obtained for total SDGM, as well as specific structures separately.Results:Significantly increased MP-APT (28.2%, p<.001) and MP-APT volume (82.7%, p<.001), and decreased NPTV (−23.3%, p<.001) and normalized volume (−15.5%, p<.001) in the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus was found in MS patients compared to HC. MP-APT in MS patients was also increased in total SDGM (p=.012) and thalamus (p=.044). Compared to OND patients, MS...
Feasibility of detailed M-mode echocardiographic examination in markedly obese adults: prospective study of 50 patients.

A study that investigated the applicability of M-mode echocardiography in a group of obese adults who were referred to the clinical echocardiographic laboratory is summarized. The M-mode echocardiographic imaging technique, as performed with currently available equipment, permitted visualization of the cardiac anatomy in a majority of the patients. Comparable clinical information may be difficult to obtain by other methods.
A Systems Approach for the Assessment of the Child and His Environment Getting Back to Basics

The advantages and disadvantages of two currently popular models for the assessment of children are discussed, concluding that ability assessment is largely an experimental model, while the task analysis model can most effectively be used during the final phases of assessment. An alternative approach attempts to place the variety of assessment methods now available into perspective. In the alternative model, less efficient assessment methods which require the collection of formative data are used only for those attributes and broad skills previously shown to be in crucial need of improvement by more efficient assessment methods.
Drosophila RISC Component VIG and Its Homolog Vig2 Impact Heterochromatin Formation

Heterochromatin formation plays an important role in gene regulation and the maintenance of genome integrity. Here we present results from a study of the D. melanogaster gene vig, encoding an RNAi complex component and its homolog vig2 (CG11844) that support their involvement in heterochromatin formation and/or maintenance. Protein null mutations vig EP812 and vig2 PL470 act as modifiers of Position Effect Variegation (PEV). VIG and Vig2 are present in polytene chromosomes and partially overlap with HP1. Quantitative immunoblots show depletion of HP1 and HP2 (large isoform) in isolated nuclei from the vig EP812 mutant. The vig2 PL470 mutant strain demonstrates a decreased level of H3K9me2. Pull-down experiments using antibodies specific to HP1 recovered both VIG and Vig2. The association between HP1 and both VIG and Vig2 proteins depends on an RNA component. The above data and the developmental profiles of the two genes suggest that Vig2 may be involved in heterochromatin targeting and establishment early in development, while VIG may have a role in stabilizing HP1/HP2 chromatin binding during later stages.
Behavior modification: its application to the study and treatment of childhood asthma.

In past meetings we have discussed current concepts of the asthmatic child’s adaptation to institutional c5tre.l Stress, psychological and physiological, gives rise to behavioral coping devices which may be utilized by a child with varying degrees of success, depending upon his developmental level and the responses of other key people in his environment. Every stress situation interacts with pre-existing constitutional factors, affects already existing conflict states, and is accompanied by physiologic change. The ensuing strain upon basic physiologic capacities and the precipitation of further psychological conflict at the organ system level produce what we currently designate as a psycho-physiologic disorder. The traditioiial psychotherapeutic milieu approach has centered around the personal, rather than technical, interaction between staff and patient, staff and staff, and even patient and patient. In recent years, I have been convinced that such approaches and their often psycho-dynamic underpinnings are not sufficient to help the individual child significantly. More specifically, they have been much too vague about etiologic concepts. They do not seem to recognize that certain behaviors, both healthy and pathological, are subject to lawful modification by appropriate reinforcing operations, extinction procedures, and the like, which are in no may qualitatively different from other behavior. The more traditional milieu approaches do not enable a line staff member or a parent to know exactly where he stands vis-a-vis behavioral or particular therapeutic goals for a particular patient. In short, we need now more “scientific” options based on behavioristic principles stemming from Pavlov,l Watson,2, and These are available to give us the specific means of
Measurement of absolute minority species concentration and temperature in a flame by the photothermal deflection spectroscopy technique

It is experimentally demonstrated that absolute concentrations of minority species in flames can be measured by the photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PTDS) technique. In addition, the PTDS signal simultaneously yields the flame temperature the measurement point. Absolute concentration profiles of OH have been measured in a flat-flame burner with methane as fuel. The PTDS measurements agree well with those obtained independently by the absorption technique. The flame temperature measurements by PTDS are also in good agreement with those obtained by the Boltzmann distribution among the rotational levels of OH.
On Spin Hamiltonian fits to Mössbauer spectra of high-spin Fe(II) porphyrinate systems

Fits to Mossbauer spectra of high-spin iron(II) porphyrinates have been applied to the Fe(II) model compounds octaethylporphyrin(1,2-dimethylimidazole) and tetra-paramethoxyporphyrin(1,2-dimethylimidazole). Mossbauer spectra have been measured on these compounds at 4.2 K in large applied fields. Spin Hamiltonians were used for fitting both the electronic and nuclear interactions. The fits are done by adjusting the Hamiltonian parameters to simultaneously minimize the total χ2 for three different applied fieldsvIn order to get best fits, the EFG tensor need to be rotated relative to the ZFS tensorvA comparative sensitivity analysis of their Spin Hamiltonian parameters has also been done on the ZFS parameters D, and the EFG asymmetry parameter η. The best fits suggest that both systems definitely have a negative quadrupole splitting, and that largest EFG component is tilted far from the z-axis of the ZFS tensor, which is likely to be near the heme normal.
Toxicity of arsenic, molybdenum and selenium combinations to Ceriodaphnia dubia

Previous research done on the effects of contaminant mixtures has been evaluated primarily by using acute exposures. While this was an important initial step, characterizing the effects of chronic exposures of these mixtures is more environmentally pragmatic. This study examined the sublethal interactive effects of arsenic (As), molybdenum (Mo), and selenium (Se) on Ceriodaphnia dubia using the three-brood static renewal toxicity test. A complete factorial design experiment using four levels (zero, IC12.5, IC25, and IC50 values) of each metal was performed to investigate the binary and tertiary interactions of these metals on C. dubia survival and fecundity. Results indicate three-way interactive effects in survival and fecundity with the strongest effect exhibited by Se. Molybdenum and As in binary combinations appear to be strongly antagonistic in their effects on C. dubia, even at their respective IC50 concentrations. However, generally the addition of Se to As-Mo mixtures significantly reduced survival and reproduction. The IC50 concentrations of either Mo or Se significantly reduced fecundity in all binary and tertiary mixtures. All tertiary metal mixtures, except the combination of the IC12.5 concentrations of each metal, significantly reduced C. dubia fecundity.
Crosstalk nuisance trip testing of photovoltaic DC arc-fault detectors

To improve fire safety in PV systems, Article 690.11 of the 2011 National Electrical Code (NEC) requires photovoltaic (PV) systems above 80 V on or penetrating a building to include a listed arc-fault protection device. Many arc-fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) devices are currently being listed and entering the market. Depending on the manufacturer, AFCIs are being deployed at the module-level, string-level, or array-level. Each arc-fault protection scheme has a different cost and arc-fault isolation capability. Module-level and string-level AFCI devices tout the ability to isolate the fault, identify the failed PV component, and minimize the power loss by selectively de-energizing a portion of the array. However, these benefits are negated if the arcing noise—typically used for arc-fault detection—propagates to parallel, unfaulted strings and cause additional AFCI devices on the PV array to trip. If the arcing signature “crosstalks” from the string with the arc-fault via conduction or RF electromagnetic coupling, the location of the arc-fault cannot be easily determined and safe PV generators will be disconnected. Sandia National Laboratories collaborated with Texas Instruments to perform a series of nuisance trip scenarios with different PV configurations. Experimental results on a 2-string array showed arc detection on the faulted string occurred an average of 19.5 ms before unfaulted string—but in some cases the AFCI on both strings would trip.
Detecting Integrity Attacks on Industrial Control Systems

Industrial control systems monitor and control critical infrastructure assets such as the electric power grid, oil and gas pipelines, transportation systems and water treatment and supply facilities. Attacks that impact the operations of these critical assets could have devastating consequences to society. The complexity and interconnectivity of industrial control systems have introduced vulnerabilities and attack surfaces that previously did not exist. The numerous communications paths and ingress and egress points, technological diversity and strict operating requirements provide myriad opportunities for a motivated adversary. This paper investigates the detection of integrity errors in industrial control systems by correlating state values from field devices. Specifically, it considers a formulation of the classic Byzantine Generals Problem in the context of industrial control systems. The results demonstrate that leveraging physical system properties allows the inference of system states to identify integrity compromises.
The CRISPR revolution and its impact on cancer research

A revolution in cancer research is underway. Spurred by the advent of the CRISPR-Cas9 technology, new methods to probe the mammalian genomes are being developed. By providing simple, flexible, and cost-effective ways to edit and manipulate the genome of somatic cells of adult animals, these new methods present the opportunity to model cancer progression in vivo with an unprecedented degree of sophistication. Here we provide a brief overview of this exciting and fast-moving field.
"Having a Baby Changes Everything" Reflective Functioning in Pregnant Adolescents.

Purpose Reflective functioning (RF), the capacity to envision thoughts, feelings, needs and intentions within the self and others, is thought to be central to sensitive parenting, yet this capacity has been unexamined among pregnant adolescents. We explored how RF was related to the emotional experience of adolescent pregnancy. Design and Methods This qualitative study was guided by interpretive description. Participants were 30 Latina and African-American adolescents (mean age 17.7 + 1.5 years) residing in a low-income urban community. All adolescents were interviewed with the Pregnancy Interview (a 22 question semi-structured interview) in their third trimester of pregnancy. Interview transcripts had been previously coded for levels of RF (1–9 with higher levels denoting higher reflectiveness), and this secondary analysis focused on the teens' experience of pregnancy and their emerging reflective capacities. We used a priori and inductive coding with all interviews and developed patterns and themes. Results These interviews provided an in-depth understanding of the complex adolescent emotional experiences of pregnancy. We identified five themes that create a picture of how the participants reflected upon their pregnancies, unborn babies, emerging parental roles, and complicated relationships with family and partners. Conclusions and Practice Implications Adolescent developmental issues and harsh family and neighborhood environments permeated the teens' experience of pregnancy and limited capacity for RF. Understanding distinctive features of RF in pregnant adolescents may contribute to developing conceptual models and tailored clinical approaches for enhancing parental reflectiveness and sensitivity in these vulnerable young women as they enter into the transition to parenthood.
Irreversible Investment under Uncertainty with Bankruptcy Risk

This paper examines the impact of existing debt on irreversible investment decisions. We confirm that bankruptcy risk discourages investment but find that the impact of debt on firm decisions decreases as uncertainty increases.
Hormonal mechanisms in nervous mechanism of gastric acid secretion in humans.

Conclusions1. The peak of elevation of gastric acidity in the intact stomach following insulin injection occurs significantly later than that of pepsin and mucoprotein, and 30-45 minutes after the maximal fall in blood sugar.2. The acid stimulating effect of insulin is diminishled and of ten abolished following resection of the dis'tal end of the stomach while the pepsin and mucoprotein response are undiminished.3. These observations add further strength to already existing evidence that while vagal stimuli appear to affect directly the glandular cells which secrete pepsin and mucoprotein and may act in part directly on the parietal cells, they also effect an increased elaboration of HC1 in the human stomach by the intermediation of another mechanism that may involve the hormone “gastrin”.