cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ZONARIA FARLOWII

Morphological studies in the Dictyotaceae have been confined largely to Dictyota, whose life history has become well known through the work of a number of investigators. Padina has received some critical attention, but the dozen or more other genera have been largely neglected. One of these, Zonaria, is of particular interest because of the peculiarity of certain features of its morphology. For the most part, Zonaria is a tropical genus, its various species being widely distributed. The present investigation is based on Z. Farlowii S. and G., which grows abundantly along the coast of southern California in the vicinity of Laguna Beach. Nearly all of the material used in the present study was collected near Abalone Point, about two miles northwest of the village. A few plants were collected along the coast about midway between San Pedro and Redondo Beach, but the species is much less abundant there. Other Dictyotaceae found at Laguna Beach include Dictyota flabellata (Collins) S. and G., D. Binghamiae J. Ag., and Neurocarpus zonarioides (Farlow) Howe, forms which are also common farther north. Setchell and Gardner (io) give the distribution of Zonaria Farlowii as "Santa Barbara to San Diego." In the region where the material for the present study was collected, Zonaria grows attached to rocks in tidepools. It grows where, at the time of the lowest spring tides, it will still be covered with water. Lack of facilities for gathering plants in deep water or at night restricted collecting to times when the lowest tides came during the hours of daylight. The datum used by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey in reckoning tidal heights along the California coast is mean lower low water (ii). It was found that the best collecting could be done when the height of the water was at or below this level, and that little or no material could be obtained when the water was more than 15 cm. above it. During the months of June, July, August, and September the lowest tides occur at night, and consequently daytime collecting in shallow water was further limited to the period of the year from October to May, inclusive, the most favorable spring tides occurring from October to February, the most favorable neap tides during March, April, and May. Since the facilities of a marine laboratory were not available, daily observations could not be made, or culture work carried on under natural conditions. The location of the writer's headquarters sixty miles from Laguna Beach, 23 239
Metabolic syndrome, hormones, and maintenance of T cells during aging.

Although the phenotype of T-cell senescence has been extensively investigated, few studies have analyzed the factors that promote the generation and maintenance of naive and memory T cells that exist throughout the lifespan of the individuals. Unlike senescent T cells, naive and memory T cells are able to participate in useful immune responses as well as respond to new activation. Hormones such as leptin, ghrelin, insulin-like growth factor 1, IGFBP3, and cytokines, including IL-7, regulate both thymopoiesis and maintenance of naive T cells in the periphery. Although chronic viruses such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) are thought to drive T-cell senescence, other microbes may be important for the maintenance of nonsenescent T cells. Microbiota of the gut can induce metabolic syndrome as well as modulate T-cell development into specific subpopulations of effector cells. Finally, T-cell generation, maintenance, and apoptosis depend upon pathways of energy utilization within the T cells, which parallel those that regulate overall metabolism. Therefore, better understanding of metabolic syndrome, T-cell metabolism, hormones, and microbiota may lead to new insights into the maintenance of proper immune responses in old age.
Augmenting Ada for SIMD Parallel Processing

In order to program SIMD (single instruction stream-multiple data stream) parallel machines used for tasks such as speech and image processing, a language with explicit parallel constructs is often desirable. The language Ada, developed by the Department of Defense, is used here as a basis for such a language. Extensions of Ada, which allow the user to specify such operations as interprocessor communications and activation of processors, are proposed. These features are demonstrated by showing their use in a common speech processing algorithm, the parallel FFT.
Pancreaticogastrostomy and the Whipple procedure: Radiographic appearance and complications

PURPOSE: To evaluate the radiographic appearance of a pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) and its complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-two patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy and PG or pancreaticojejunostomy. Those who underwent PG and were evaluated postoperatively with T-tube cholangiography and upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series constitute the study group (n = 22; 10 men, 12 women; age range, 33-88 years). RESULTS: Twenty-one of the patients had a gastric filling defect radiographically detected. Four patients had clinically apparent delayed gastric emptying and one patient had a clinically apparent pancreatic fistula not detected radiographically. Two patients outside the study group had complications: One had a pancreatic fistula seen only with sinography, and one had a PG leak seen only with repeat UGI series and computed tomography (CT). CONCLUSION: PG caused a gastric filling defect in most patients. Suspected pancreatic fistulas are best confirmed with sinography, and suspected PG leaks ...
Predicting Intentions to Eat a Healthful Diet by College Baseball Players: Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior.

Abstract Objective To assess factors important to college baseball players regarding intention to eat a healthful diet within the Theory of Planned Behavior. Design A survey based on the Theory of Planned Behavior was administered during the 2006 summer league season from 5 of the Northern Division teams of the Coastal Plain League. Participants Male undergraduate college baseball players (mean [standard deviation (SD)] age 20.25 [1.12]). Phenomenon of Interest Prediction of behavioral intention to eat a healthful diet. Analysis Regression analysis was used to assess how well the variables of the Theory of Planned Behavior predicted behavioral intention to eat a healthful diet. Results Attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control variables accounted for 72% of the variance in behavioral intention to eat a healthful diet. Attitude had the greatest influence on intention (β = .383, P P P Conclusions and Implications University athletic administration must emphasize providing access to healthful food, especially during the season, both at home and while traveling to games.
Hydrogen-ion activity and precipitation of bovine serum albumin and β-lactoglobulin with salmine

Abstract Almost quantitative precipitation of both reactants occurs if mixtures of salmine with bovine albumin, or lactoglobulin, are adjusted to specific pH's, called the optimal pH's. The quantities of albumin and lactoglobulin which, at a given pH, form with a given amount of salmine mixtures from which both reactants are completely precipitated bear equal numbers of net (negative) charges. When mixtures with molar ratios of less than 1.00 are adjusted to falling pH's, all below optimal, all the protein is precipitated along with diminishing amounts of salmine. On reaching the optimal pH for a molar ratio of 1.00, also called the transitional pH, a trace of protein appears in the supernatants of such mixtures, the quantity increasing as the pH is further lowered. At any pH below optimal such mixtures produce precipitates in which the reactants are present in the same proportion as they are in a mixture having that pH as its optimal.
Régression d'une paraparésie secondaire après réparation aortique thoracique endovasculaire secondaire pour anévrysme de l'aorte thoracique rompu

La reparation aortique endovasculaire thoracique (TEVAR) est une option chirurgicale importante pour le traitement en urgence des anevrysmes rompus de l'aorte thoracique, mais elle est associee a un risque d'ischemie medullaire (SCI). Bien que les facteurs de risque de survenue d’une SCI aient ete bien decrits, l'efficacite de l’augmentation de la pression de perfusion de la moelle epiniere reste incompletement comprise. Nous rapportons le traitement reussi d’une paraparesie de debut retarde apres reprise de TEVAR pour rupture aortique thoracique descendante aigue avec utilisation combinee de l'augmentation de la pression arterielle et du drainage du liquide cephalo-rachidien. Les manifestations, la pathophysiologie, et la gestion clinique de SCI apres TEVAR sont passees en revue.
Inferior mirages: an improved model.

A quantitative model of the inferior mirage is presented, based on a realistic temperature profile in the convective boundary layer, using Monin–Obukhov similarity theory. The top of the inverted image is determined by the logarithmic part of the profile; the bottom is the apparent horizon, which depends on optical obstruction by roughness elements. These effects of surface roughness are included in the model, which is illustrated with a simulation. The vertical magnification varies throughout the mirage, becoming infinite at Minnaert’s ill-named “vanishing line”—which makes green flashes apparent to the naked eye.
Dipole-dipole interactions in the vibrational spectra of β - quinol clathrates

Etude d'un syteme ou l'interaction dipole-dipole entre molecules piegees dns un solide conduit a des sous-niveaux dans le spectre de vibration
Nonlinear dynamics and health monitoring of 6-DOF breathing cracked Jeffcott rotor

Jeffcott rotor is employed to study the nonlinear vibration characteristics of breathing cracked rotor system and explore the possibility of further damage identification. This paper is an extension work of prior study based on 4 degree-of-freedom Jeffcott rotor system. With consideration of disk tilting and gyroscopic effect, 6-dof EOM is derived and the crack model is established using SERR (strain energy release rate) in facture mechanics. Same as the prior work, the damaged stiffness matrix is updated by computing the instant crack closure line through Zero Stress Intensity Factor method. The breathing crack area is taken as a variable to analyze the breathing behavior in terms of eccentricity phase and shaft speed. Furthermore, the coupled vibration among lateral, torsional and longitudinal d.o.f is studied under torsional/axial excitation. The final part demonstrates the possibility of using vibration signal of damaged system for the crack diagnosis and health monitoring.
THE DEEP ECLIPTIC SURVEY: A SEARCH FOR KUIPER BELT OBJECTS AND CENTAURS. I. DESCRIPTION OF METHODS AND INITIAL RESULTS

We report here initial results of the Deep Ecliptic Survey, an ongoing new search for Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) and Centaurs using the 8K × 8K Mosaic CCD array on the 4 m Mayall Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory. Within the interval covered in this paper, useful observations were obtained during seven nights in 1998 October and November, 1999 April, and 2000 February. We used a novel technique to efficiently find and determine positions of moving objects. Sixty-nine KBOs and Centaurs with apparent magnitudes between 20.6 and approximately the 24th magnitude were discovered. Nine or 10 of the newly discovered KBOs appear to be in the 3 : 2 mean motion resonance with Neptune, and four appear to be scattered-disk objects. Three objects were found that may be in the 4 : 3 resonance. Sixty-two of the objects reported here have been observed on at least one additional night and have received designations. Our own follow-up astrometry was done primarily with the WIYN 3.5 m telescope in queue-scheduled mode and with the Steward Observatory 90 inch (2.3 m) telescope. Others, using a variety of telescopes, recovered a significant number of our objects. Although not a primary objective of the survey, positions of all main-belt asteroids, Trojan asteroids, and nearby fast-moving asteroids seen in our data also have been determined, and most have been reported to the Minor Planet Center. Through simulations and analysis of the existing KBO database, we have investigated the uncertainty to be expected in various KBO orbital parameters as a function of the extent of the astrometric coverage. The results indicate that the heliocentric distance of an object and the inclination of its orbit can be narrowly constrained with observations from a single apparition. Accurate determination of semimajor axis and eccentricity, on the other hand, requires astrometric data extending over additional apparitions. Based on the observed distribution of orbital inclinations in our sample, we have estimated the true distribution of orbital inclinations in the Kuiper belt and find it to be similar to that of the short-period comets. This result is consistent with the commonly held belief that the Kuiper belt is the source region of the short-period comets.
Overview of extreme ultraviolet lithography

Extreme UV lithography offers the possibility of printing CDs of 100 nm and smaller with a reduction tool. Because of the wavelength used, the optics have to be all-reflecting. The tool depends on multilayer coatings for the mirrors. A laser-produced plasma is being developed as a granular source. The mask also has to be reflecting. Top surface imaging resist will be used. The work here described is being performed in a National Program set up by the U.S. Department of Energy.
Preparation of monolayers of Re and Pt on metal substrates using a pulsed metal plasma deposition source

Platinum and rhenium monolayers and multilayers on Re(0001) and Pt(111) surfaces have been produced in ultrahigh vacuum using a pulsed metal vapor vacuum arc plasma gun technique. This new technique allows controlled deposition of the metals in a high vacuum environment without excessive heating. Auger electron spectroscopy results show that the growth of the metal thin film can be fabricated with the accuracy of one tenth of a monolayer.
Kinetic and spectroscopic studies of hemin acquisition in the hemophore HasAp from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The extreme limitation of free iron has driven various pathogens to acquire iron from the host in the form of heme. Specifically, several Gram-negative pathogens secrete a heme binding protein known as HasA to scavenge heme from the extracellular environment and to transfer it to the receptor protein HasR for import into the bacterial cell. Structures of heme-bound and apo-HasA homologues show that the heme iron(III) ligands, His32 and Tyr75, reside on loops extending from the core of the protein and that a significant conformational change must occur at the His32 loop upon heme binding. Here, we investigate the kinetics of heme acquisition by HasA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (HasAp). The rate of heme acquisition from human met-hemoglobin (met-Hb) closely matches that of heme dissociation which suggests a passive mode of heme uptake from this source. The binding of free hemin is characterized by an initial rapid phase forming an intermediate before further conversion to the final complex. Analysis of this...
Design methodology for the IBM POWER7 microprocessor

The IBM POWER7® microprocessor, which is the next-generation IBM POWER® processor, leverages IBM's 45-nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process with embedded dynamic random access memory to achieve industry-leading performance. To deliver this complex 567-mm2 die, the IBM design team made significant innovations in chip design methodology. This paper describes the most critical methodology innovations specific to POWER7 design, which were in modularity, timing closure, and design efficiency.
Body dissatisfaction and weight-related teasing: A model of cognitive vulnerability to depression among women

Although a number of studies have linked body dissatisfaction to depressive symptoms, few have done so within the framework of a vulnerability-stress model. We hypothesized that women's levels of body dissatisfaction would interact with recent experiences of vulnerability-congruent negative life events (i.e., weight-related teasing) to predict prospective changes in depressive symptoms. Consistent with these hypotheses, experiences of weight-related teasing were more strongly related to depressive symptom increases among women with high, compared to low, levels of body dissatisfaction. These results support the hypothesis that body dissatisfaction moderates the impact of weight-related teasing on depressive symptom changes.
Mapping Environment-Specific Quantitative Trait Loci

Environment-specific quantitative trait loci (QTL) refer to QTL that express differently in different environments, a phenomenon called QTL-by-environment (Q × E) interaction. Q × E interaction is a difficult problem extended from traditional QTL mapping. The mixture model maximum-likelihood method is commonly adopted for interval mapping of QTL, but the method is not optimal in handling QTL interacting with environments. We partitioned QTL effects into main and interaction effects. The main effects are represented by the means of QTL effects in all environments and the interaction effects are represented by the variances of the QTL effects across environments. We used the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) implemented Bayesian method to estimate both the main and the interaction effects. The residual error covariance matrix was modeled using the factor analytic covariance structure. A simulation study showed that the factor analytic structure is robust and can handle other structures as special cases. The method was also applied to Q × E interaction mapping for the yield trait of barley. Eight markers showed significant main effects and 18 markers showed significant Q × E interaction. The 18 interacting markers were distributed across all seven chromosomes of the entire genome. Only 1 marker had both the main and the Q × E interaction effects. Each of the other markers had either a main effect or a Q × E interaction effect but not both.
Energy- and crystal momentum-resolved study of laser-induced femtosecond magnetism

When a femtosecond (fs) laser pulse strikes a ferromagnet, it demagnetizes the sample within a few hundred fs but its underlying mechanism has remained elusive for over a decade. Here a possible microscopic picture is revealed through an energy- and crystal momentum-resolved first-principles investigation, first by locating the optimal excitation-energy window for the maximal magnetization change and then mapping out every magnetic contribution from each crystal momentum $\mathbf{k}$ point along the high-symmetry lines within the Brillouin zone. We find that not all the $\mathbf{k}$ points contribute evenly, where a few momentum $\mathbf{k}$ points show a much stronger magnetic-moment change than others. In ferromagnetic nickel, less than 50% of the $\mathbf{k}$ points contribute over 90% of the magnetization change. By closely examining the transition-matrix elements and spin-moment change associated with those $\mathbf{k}$ points, we further find the reduction in the dynamical magnetic moment is directly connected with these transition-moments and spin-moment changes between band states.
Enhancement of spontaneous and stimulated emission of a rhodamine 6G dye by an Ag aggregate

We have demonstrated that by adding the solution of aggregated silver nanoparticles to the solution of rhodamine 6G dye, one can enhance the efficiency of spontaneous and stimulated emission. We attribute an increase of the spontaneous emission intensity of dye to the increase of the absorption efficiency caused by the field enhancements in metallic nanostructures associated with surface plasmons. The enhancement of the stimulated emission of dye, which has the same nature as the enhancement of absorption, was observed in the pump-probe and laser experiments.
Structure of the RuBisCO chaperone RbcX from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803.

In some cyanobacteria, the genes for the large and small subunits of the enzyme RuBisCO are separated on the bacterial chromosome by the insertion of a gene coding for a protein designated RbcX, which acts as a chaperone for RuBisCO. A recent structural study [Saschenbrecker et al. (2007), Cell, 129, 1189–1200] has shed light on the mechanism by which RbcX assists RuBisCO assembly. Here, the crystal structure of RbcX from another cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, is reported, revealing an unusually long protruding C-terminal helix, as well as a bound polyethylene glycol molecule in the protein substrate-binding site.
Culturally Responsive Positive Behavior Supports: Considerations for Practice

Classrooms are not culturally neutral terrains, but rather are constructed around sets of norms, values, and expected behaviors that are culturally bound. Low tolerance levels and expectations are an indication of the incongruence between the education strategies utilized by teachers and the cultural and linguistic differences of students that are served in an educational system in which they are required to perform based on standards that are not similar to their own. Combining Positive Behavior Intervention Supports (PBIS) with cultural and linguistic variables will help to enhance positive behavior of culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students. This paper describes Culturally Responsive Positive Behavior Intervention Supports (CRPBIS) as a system that specifically acknowledges the presence of CLD students and the need for them to find relevant connections among themselves and with the behavioral goals and objectives that schools ask them to perform. Suggestions are offered that support the infusion of culturally responsive practices throughout the implementation of PBIS.
Bacterial antisense RNAs: How many are there and what are they doing?

Antisense RNAs encoded on the DNA strand opposite another gene have the potential to form extensive base-pairing interactions with the corresponding sense RNA. Unlike other smaller regulatory RNAs in bacteria, antisense RNAs range in size from tens to thousands of nucleotides. The numbers of antisense RNAs reported for different bacteria vary extensively, but hundreds have been suggested in some species. If all of these reported antisense RNAs are expressed at levels sufficient to regulate the genes encoded opposite them, antisense RNAs could significantly impact gene expression in bacteria. Here, we review the evidence for these RNA regulators and describe what is known about the functions and mechanisms of action for some of these RNAs. Important considerations for future research as well as potential applications are also discussed.
Neonatal Retropharyngeal Cellulitis Due to Group B Streptococcus

Two neonates who presented with histories of poor feeding, irritability and noisy breathing had group B streptococcal (GBS) bacteremia and retropharyngeal cellulitis. One infant also had submandibular cellulitis. Retropharyngeal cellulitis has not been recognized as a manifestation of GBS disease. Evaluation of the upper airway should be part of the workup of any sick infant with noisy breathing and/or grunting. Retropharyngeal tissue enlargement may be an early indicator of GBS disease.
Template-Based Growth of Various Oxide Nanorods by Sol–Gel Electrophoresis

The ability to form oxide nanorods is of great interest in a number of areas. In this paper, we report the template-based growth of nanorods of several oxide ceramics, formed by means of a combination of sol–gel processing and electrophoretic deposition. Both single metal oxides (TiO2, SiO2) and complex oxides (BaTiO3, Sr2Nb2O7, and Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3) have been grown by this method. Uniformly sized nanorods of about 125–200 nm in diameter and 10 μm in length were grown over large areas with near unidirectional alignment. Desired stoichiometric chemical composition and crystal structure of the oxide nanorods was readily achieved by an appropriate procedure of sol preparation, with a heat treatment (700 °C for 15 min) for crystallization and densification.
The recombinant BGH controversy in the United States: Toward a new consumption politics of food?

The history of the controversy overrecombinant bovine growth hormone (rBGH) is exploredin terms of the issue of the potential robustness ofa consumption-driven ``new'' politics of food andagriculture. It is noted that while the dominanthistorical traditions in the social sciences haveserved to discount the autonomous role that consumersand consumption play in modern societies, there hasbeen growing interest in consumption within foodstudies as well as other bodies of scholarship such aspostmodernism, social constructivism, socialcapital/social distinction, and environmentalsociology. A review of the shifting pattern ofdiscourses during the rBGH controversy shows thatconsumption-driven claims and politics played atangible, but relatively minor role. Even so, it issuggested that the rBGH experience along with paralleltrends in food politics (e.g., anti-pesticidecampaigns such as the ``Alar scare,'' agribusinessattempts to intimidate opponents through fooddisparagement laws, conditions-of-productionprovisions of the World Trade Organization agreement)could make the consumption/consumer dimension of foodpolitics more important in the future.
THE DEATH PENALTY MEETS SOCIAL SCIENCE: Deterrence and Jury Behavior Under New Scrutiny

▪ Abstract Social science has long played a role in examining the efficacy and fairness of the death penalty. Empirical studies of the deterrent effect of capital punishment were cited by the Supreme Court in its landmark cases in the 1970s; most notable was the 1975 Isaac Ehrlich study, which used multivariate regression analysis and purported to show a significant marginal deterrent effect over life imprisonment, but which was soon roundly criticized for methodological flaws. Decades later, new econometric studies have emerged, using panel data techniques, that report striking findings of marginal deterrence, even up to 18 lives saved per execution. Yet the cycle of debate continues, as these new studies face criticism for omitting key potential variables and for the potential distorting effect of one anomalously high-executing state (Texas). Meanwhile, other empiricists, relying mainly on survey questionnaires, have taken a fresh look at the human dynamics of death penalty trials, especially the attitu...
Different routes of bacterial infection induce long-lived T H 1 memory cells and short-lived T H 17 cells

We used a sensitive method based on tetramers of peptide and major histocompatibility complex II (pMHCII) to determine whether CD4(+) memory T cells resemble the T helper type 1 (T(H)1) and interleukin 17 (IL-17)-producing T helper (T(H)17) subsets described in vitro. Intravenous or intranasal infection with Listeria monocytogenes induced pMHCII-specific CD4(+) naive T cells to proliferate and produce effector cells, about 10% of which resembled T(H)1 or T(H)17 cells, respectively. T(H)1 cells were also present among the memory cells that survived 3 months after infection, whereas T(H)17 cells disappeared. The short lifespan of T(H)17 cells was associated with small amounts of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, the IL-15 receptor and the receptor CD27, and little homeostatic proliferation. These results suggest that T(H)1 cells induced by intravenous infection are more efficient at entering the memory pool than are T(H)17 cells induced by intranasal infection.
MIA: An Effective and Robust Microarray Image Analysis System with Unstructured Information Management Architecture

The proposed microarray image analysis (MIA) system is designed to analyze microarray slide images in a fully automatic manner. This system identifies and rectifies tilted slides, discovers block boundaries, generates gridlines, recognizes spots, and finally extracts the accurate spot intensity values from the two image channels (red and green) in a microarray slide. The red-to-green intensity ratio of a spot represents the gene expression level in the specimen. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed system. Further, the MIA system is tightly integrated with the component-based Unstructured Information Management Architecture (UIMA) which is an open source platform for the analysis of unstructured data (e.g. images) and is developed by IBM. With UIMA, we can easily apply various analysis algorithms on data by simply plugging analysis components into the system. Further, the analysis results at each analyzing step are attached to the data object as its annotations. The major contribution of this paper is that we design a microarray image analysis system which provides users a convenient manner to automatically analyze slide images and acquire accurate gene expression data from microarray slides. Also, the proposed MIA system, which is based on UIMA, provides a flexible, scalable, and extensible environment for users to perform various analysis tasks on microarray slide images.
Frequency and Significance of Cardiac Arrhythmias in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease

Ambulatory electrocardiograms obtained in 69 patients enrolled in the nocturnal oxygen therapy trial group were examined for frequency and significance of arrhythmias in patients with stable chronic obstructive lung disease. Ventricular premature beats occurred in 83 percent, ventricular bigeminy in 68 percent, paired ventricular premature beats in 61 percent, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in 22 percent of the patients. Supraventricular tachycardia occurred in 69 percent. Repetitive ventricular arrhythmia occurred in 64 percent of the patients, and was significantly more frequent in men and in patients with edema or elevated Pco 2 . Ventricular premature beats greater or equal to 25 per hour occurred in 35 percent of the patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that a history of coronary heart disease, increased sinus heart rate and decreased maximum work load (measured by maximal treadmill exercise test)—but not arrhythmias—were predictors of death.
ENHANCING THE ECONOMICS OF COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITES VIA ORBITAL RECONFIGURATIONS AND STAGED DEPLOYMENT

The “traditional” way of designing constellations of communications satellites is to optimize the design for a specified global capacity. This approach is based on a forecast of the expected number of users and their activity level, both of which are highly uncertain. This can lead to economic failure if the actual demand is significantly smaller than the one predicted. This paper presents an alternative flexible approach. The idea is to deploy the constellation progressively, starting with a smaller, more aordable capacity that can be increased in stages as necessary by launching additional satellites and reconfiguring the existing constellation in orbit. It is shown how to find the best reconfigurable constellations within a given design space. The approach, in eect, provides system designers and managers with real options that enable them to match the system evolution path to the actual unfolding demand scenario. A case study demonstrates significant economic benefits of the proposed approach, when applied to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations of communications satellites. In the process, life cycle cost and capacity are traded against each other for a given fixed per-channel performance requirement. The benefits of the real options approach demonstrably increase, with greater levels of demand uncertainty. A generalized framework is proposed for large capacity systems facing high demand uncertainty.
ASSOCIATION OF PERITONEAL DIALYSIS CLINIC SIZE WITH CLINICAL OUTCOMES

ObjectiveVery few studies have addressed the relationship between number of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients treated at a clinic (PD clinic size) and clinical outcomes. In a national prospective c...
Estimating radiated emissions from printed circuit boards and cables inside EMC chambers

This paper presents a new approach to modelling radiated emissions from electronic systems inside EMC compliance chambers. The proposed approach exploits the fact that manufacturers prefer reusing circuits/layouts in new products with minor geometrical modifications to the existing designs. The available data from previous EMC testing, therefore, may contain certain features/patterns that may be extracted and employed to predict EMC performance of similar products. Motivated by this observation, the proposed method develops accurate models for radiated emissions inside the EMC testing environment. Specifically, radiated emissions from various geometrical configurations of a PCB-cable structure are employed to develop artificial neural network models. These developed models are tested to predict radiated emissions from a given PCB-cable structure configuration. Results show that very accurate estimates of the radiated emissions can be made using the developed models without requiring the time-consuming simulations and expensive prototype testing in the compliance chambers.
Transmission of Hepatitis B by an Oral Surgeon

An outbreak of hepatitis B in southeastern Connecticut was traced to an oral surgeon. In a serosurvey of his 754 noninstitutionalized patients, 511 (68%) participated. The rates of seropositivity for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or antibody to HBsAg by year of oral surgery were 4.8% in 1977, 7.4% in 1978, and 14.8% in 1979. The transmission of hepatitis B, as measured by seropositivity, occurred between November 1978 and August 1979; the peak transmission was in February (31.2% seropositivity). Seropositivity was strongly correlated with the extent of surgical trauma (P less than 0.0001). HBsAg subtyping revealed that the oral surgeon and all four subtypable patients demonstrated both d and y reactivity, as did the patient from whom it was most likely the oral surgeon acquired his infection: a mentally retarded patient who had 24 extraction in March 1978. This study demonstrates that the transmission of hepatitis B between dental practitioners and their patients frequently results in subclinical infections.
Genomic analysis of estrogen cascade reveals histone variant H2A.Z associated with breast cancer progression

We demonstrate an integrated approach to the study of a transcriptional regulatory cascade involved in the progression of breast cancer and we identify a protein associated with disease progression. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and genome tiling arrays, whole genome mapping of transcription factor-binding sites was combined with gene expression profiling to identify genes involved in the proliferative response to estrogen (E2). Using RNA interference, selected ERα and c-MYC gene targets were knocked down to identify mediators of E2-stimulated cell proliferation. Tissue microarray screening revealed that high expression of an epigenetic factor, the E2-inducible histone variant H2A.Z, is significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and decreased breast cancer survival. Detection of H2A.Z levels independently increased the prognostic power of biomarkers currently in clinical use. This integrated approach has accelerated the identification of a molecule linked to breast cancer progression, has implications for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, and can be applied to a wide range of cancers.
Asp433 in the closing gate of ASIC1 determines stability of the open state without changing properties of the selectivity filter or Ca2+ block.

A constriction formed by the crossing of the second transmembrane domains of ASIC1, residues G432 to G436, forms the narrowest segment of the pore in the crystal structure of chicken ASIC1, presumably in the desensitized state, suggesting that it constitutes the “desensitization gate” and the “selectivity filter.” Residues Gly-432 and Asp-433 occlude the pore, preventing the passage of ions from the extracellular side. Here, we examined the role of Asp-433 and Gly-432 in channel kinetics, ion selectivity, conductance, and Ca2+ block in lamprey ASIC1 that is a channel with little intrinsic desensitization in the pH range of maximal activity, pH 7.0. The results show that the duration of open times depends on residue 433, with Asp supporting the longest openings followed by Glu, Gln, or Asn, whereas other residues keep the channel closed. This is consistent with residue Asp-433 forming the pore’s closing gate and the properties of the side chain either stabilizing (hydrophobic amino acids) or destabilizing (Asp) the gate. The data also show residue 432 influencing the duration of openings, but here only Gly and Ala support long openings, whereas all other residues keep channels closed. The negative charge of Asp-433 was not required for block of the open pore by Ca2+ or for determining ion selectivity and unitary conductance. We conclude that the conserved residue Asp-433 forms the closing gate of the pore and thereby determines the duration of individual openings while desensitization, defined as the permanent closure of all or a fraction of channels by the continual presence of H+, modulates the on or off position of the closing gate. The latter effect depends on less conserved regions of the channel, such as TM1 and the extracellular domain. The constriction made by Asp-433 and Gly-432 does not select for ions in the open conformation, implying that the closing gate and selectivity filter are separate structural elements in the ion pathway of ASIC1. The results also predict a significantly different conformation of TM2 in the open state that relieves the constriction made by TM2, allowing the passage of ions unimpeded by the side chain of Asp-433.
A Cooperative Scheme for Dynamic Window Resizing in P2P Live Streaming

Due to their widespread popularity, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) live streaming systems have become a great challenge for Internet Service Providers (ISPs) as they consume huge amount of Internet bandwidth. By observing that different users may watch a channel with different window sizes, we propose a cooperative scheme called Partial Participation Scheme (PPS) in which different peers request a video stream at different rates based on their window sizes, and a subset of peers viewing the video stream using a small window work as helpers to forward extra data to help other peers using a large window. By reducing streaming rate received by small-window peers, the total amount of consumed bandwidth decreases without sacrificing users' satisfaction. PPS includes peer cooperative bandwidth allocation algorithms and neighbor maintenance mechanisms to achieve short resizing delay when a peer changes its window between different sizes. We evaluate the performance of PPS via a comprehensive set of metrics generated from extensive simulations. Our simulation results show that PPS greatly reduces the bandwidth consumption, achieves short resizing delay, and maintains high and stable streaming quality.
A Roadmap to 100G Ethernet at the enterprise data center

Ethernet networks operating at (100+100) Gb/s per link are showing enough technical and market viability that intense development on technical specifications and component technologies is under way. However, the route to 100 Gb/s Ethernet products is still not completely clear because the market and applications for 100 Gb/s links are quite different than for 1 Gb/s and even 10 Gb/s links. This article attempts to provide a roadmap for adoption of 100 Gb/s Ethernet in enterprise data centers, outlining the features that will affect the schedule, as well as the capabilities of Ethernet gear as it is developed. The major opportunities for 100 Gb/s Ethernet appear to be primarily oriented toward server, rather than desktop/client, applications, and toward interconnecting various types of high- performance computing gear for technical and business analytic computing, as well as for media-oriented and web applications in content development and delivery. These applications will place requirements on the timeline and technical definition of networking gear operating at 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s.
The Use of a Low-Profile Cystostomy Tube to Relieve Urethral Obstruction in a Dog

A 10-year-old, spayed female Dalmatian was diagnosed with granulomatous urethritis causing urethral obstruction. Due to the extensive involvement of the urethra, a urethrostomy was not possible. A commercially available, silicone, low-profile gastrostomy tube was placed as a prepubic cystostomy tube to achieve urinary diversion. This tube is easy to use, has a one-way valve, and lies flush with the skin margin, thereby decreasing the likelihood of inadvertent removal. This tube should be considered to achieve long-term urinary diversion when urethral involvement is extensive.
Effect of Aggregate, Cement, and Mineral Admixtures on the Microstructure of the Transition Zone

This paper contains a review of the results from the studies at the University of California at Berkeley on various factors influencing the microstructure of the transition zone in concrete. Two types of aggregate, two different cement, and three mineral admixtures were investigated. Using cement paste-polished aggregate composite specimens cured up to three years, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and microhardness testing techniques were used for characterization of the transition zone. Compared to the transition zone between a quartz aggregate and an ASTM Type I portland cement, transition zones with smaller and less preferentially oriented crystals of calcium hydroxide were obtained when using a Type K expansive cement, or limestone aggregate, or mineral additives, such as condensed silica fume, granulated blast-furnace slag, and fly ash.
Social Networks and New Product Choice

To successfully market new products in a social network it is essential to identify influential individuals whose product recommendations influence the consumption choices of their peers. In this study, we use spatial econometric methods to determine how individuals revise their preferences for product attributes when exposed to product recommendations from peers, and how different individuals who vary in their degree of network connectedness exert influence on the product choices of others. We find evidence that consumers look to others for guidance from peers in their preference for subjective, taste‐specific parameters, but tend not to respond to peer price choices. Our spatial methods allow us to empirically determine the influence exerted by individual members on the consumption choices of other members of the social network. We find that connected members of the social network are not always the most influential in revising the consumption choices of others. Our estimates reveal that network proximity explains only 8.8% of influence.
Data Analytics Methods for Wind Energy Applications

In the wind industry, it is important to assess a turbine systems response under different wind profiles. For instance, a wind-to-power relationship is crucial for wind power forecast, and a wind-to-stress relationship is important for selecting critical design parameters meeting the reliability requirement. Given the complexity involved in a turbine system, it is impossible to write a neat, analytical expression to underlie the above-mentioned relationships. Almost invariably does the wind industry resort to data driven methods for a solution, namely that wind data and the corresponding turbine response data (bending moments or power outputs) are used together to fit empirically the functional relationship of interest. This paper presents a couple of nonparametric data analytic methods relevant to wind energy applications with real life example for demonstration.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Probing wave packet motion of D2+ with sub-femtosecond resolution

Ionization of D2 simultaneously forms both nuclear and electronic wavepacket. Within the first optical period following ionization the electron can re-collide. We use inelastic scattering to follow both electron and nuclear motion with 1fs precision.
Evaluation of Furrow Diking and Early-Season Insecticide Applications on Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Bollworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and Cotton Yield in the Texas Rolling Plains

Boll weevil, Antoninus grandees Bohemian, and boll worm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), damage and yield were compared in conventional dry land, furrow-diked dryland and irrigated cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., production systems from 1983 to 1986. Boll weevil damage to squares was statistically similar in conventional dryland and furrow-diked dryland cotton during the overwintered generation during July. However, damage to squares and bolls was significantly higher in furrow-diked cotton during the first weevil generation in August compared with conventional dryland cotton. A combined analysis of variance indicated that damage was highest in irrigated cotton in both generations from 1984 to 1986. Bollworm damage was significantly higher in irrigated cotton, but there were no significant differences between furrow-diked and conventional dryland cotton. Yields were statistically similar in conventional dry land and furrow-diked dryland cotton, but significantly higher yields were obtained in irrigated cotton. The lack of significant yield increases in furrow-diked cotton compared with conventional dry land cotton was probably the result of increased weevil damage in the diked cotton. Three subplots within each of the three water management treatments consisted of untreated cotton and two schedules of insecticide application. Two applications of azinphosmethyl at 281 g (AI)/ha were applied at or a few days after first one-third-grown square stage to suppress overwintered weevils. These early-season applications suppressed damage caused by overwintered weevils in three of four years, but they had less effect on damage caused by first-generation weevils. Bollworm damage was higher in sprayed plots in only one of the four years. Yield increases were not obtained in plots receiving early-season insecticide applications compared with untreated plots. Reasons for failure of insecticide applications to increase yield are discussed. Early-season insecticide applications for boll weevil control do not appear to offer an effective means to increase yield in conventional dry land, furrow-diked dryland, or irrigated cotton in the Texas Rolling Plains.
Effects of Pre-Trial Strychnine on Maze Learning:

The effects of pre-trial administration of strychnine sulphate on maze learning were assessed for both massed and distributed practice. Analysis of trials to criterion and errors to criterion confirmed strychnine's facilitation of learning under massed practice but showed no such facilitating effect under distributed practice.
OCT Angiography Methods in Imaging of the Human Choroid

OCT angiography methods: speckle variance, amplitude decorrelation and phase variance will be compared in imaging of the human choroid. Application of split spectrum and volume averaging techniques will be demonstrated with swept source OCT data.
Oversizing Riprap for Protection of Uranium Mill Tailings

This paper presents a methodology for determining the magnitude of oversizing required for marginal quality riprap. Riprap is often used to protect earth cut and fill structures from erosion. Erosion protection of uranium mill tailings embankments, caps, and drainage diversion channels presents a unique challenge. These structures require long-term, maintenance-free protection in locations where good quality riprap is seldom available. Appropriate oversizing of marginal quality rock will allow mill licensees to meet Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) requirements by using locally available rock at many sites where the use of more durable rock would lead to unreasonable transportation costs. NRC regulations require that riprap used for erosion protection meet design size specifications without periodic maintenance for performance periods ranging from 200 to 1,000 yr in accordance with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards (CFR, 1988). Weathering processes that reduce the size of marginal quality rock over long periods of time can be mitigated by appropriate oversizing.