cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design and fabrication of integrated solenoid inductors with magnetic cores

Integrated solenoid inductors with magnetic core were designed and fabricated. An inductance above 70 nH was achieved while keeping the coil resistance below 1 Omega and the device area below 1 mm2. The inductance of the magnetic inductor was more than 30 times that of the air core inductor of the identical geometry, and the inductance density reached above 200 nH/mm2. Comparison with the planar spiral inductor shows that the solenoid inductor is significantly more efficient when the magnetic core is used. Our results indicate that integrated magnetic inductors suitable for mobile power conversion and RF system-on-chip circuits can be reliably designed and fabricated.
Popularity among same-sex and cross-sex peers: a process-oriented examination of links to aggressive behaviors and depressive affect.

Popularity has been linked to heightened aggression and fewer depressive symptoms. The current study extends this literature by examining the unique contributions of same-sex and cross-sex popularity to children's development, as well as potential mediating processes. Third- and 4th-graders (212 boys, 250 girls) provided data at 3 time points over 2 school years. Data included peer-reported popularity, social exclusion, friendships, peer victimization, and aggression and self-reported social self-esteem and depressive affect. Same-sex and cross-sex popularity independently contributed to the prediction of aggression and depressive affect. Popularity was associated with heightened aggression through reduced social exclusion and was indirectly related to lower levels of depressive affect through increased friendships. For boys only, same-sex popularity was further associated with dampened depressive affect through reduced social exclusion and peer victimization and increased social self-esteem. FINDINGS are discussed in light of the potential tradeoffs associated with popularity in preadolescence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
Performance tradeoffs in read-optimized databases

Database systems have traditionally optimized performance for write-intensive workloads. Recently, there has been renewed interest in architectures that optimize read performance by using column-oriented data representation and light-weight compression. This previous work has shown that under certain broad classes of workloads, column-based systems can outperform row-based systems. Previous work, however, has not characterized the precise conditions under which a particular query workload can be expected to perform better on a column-oriented database.In this paper we first identify the distinctive components of a read-optimized DBMS and describe our implementation of a high-performance query engine that can operate on both row and column-oriented data. We then use our prototype to perform an in-depth analysis of the tradeoffs between column and row-oriented architectures. We explore these tradeoffs in terms of disk bandwidth, CPU cache latency, and CPU cycles. We show that for most database workloads, a carefully designed column system can outperform a carefully designed row system, sometimes by an order of magnitude. We also present an analytical model to predict whether a given workload on a particular hardware configuration is likely to perform better on a row or column-based system.
A multi-mode combustion diagram for spark assisted compression ignition

The potential utility of spark discharges to assist low temperature, compression ignited engines has resulted in a number of experimental studies. These show mixed results; sometimes spark is effective at controlling heat release timing, sometimes it only stabilizes combustion, and sometimes it has no effect at all. In order to help understand the spark assisted process we propose a multi-mode combustion diagram to delineate the regimes of spark ignition, flame propagation, compression ignition, knocking combustion and spark-assisted combustion, in terms of unburned and burned gas temperatures near top dead center. An analysis of existing experimental data suggests that the effectiveness of spark assist is best at higher and middle loads and decreases as load is reduced.
Between Structure and Agency: Livelihoods and Adaptation in Ghana's Central Region

This article examines adaptation decision-making through a diversified livelihoods strategy that distributes risk across market and subsistence production in Ghana's Central Region. Specifically, it asks how this strategy, which is an adaptation to a relatively recent convergence of economic and environmental uncertainty in this context, is accepted and reproduced by society at large, even as this adaptation results in unevenly distributed benefits and costs. An examination of the case in question suggests that the persistence of this adaptation has little to do with its material outcomes. This adaptation persists because, despite its unequal and less-than-optimal material outcomes, it is rooted in the ability of men to link this adaptation to existing gender roles, thereby legitimizing the adaptation and the gendered roles it relies upon. This finding calls into question the very idea of a successful adaptation, and suggests that much more attention must be paid to the persistence of particular adaptations if we are to understand existing adaptations and build upon them to enhance local capacities for managing economic and environmental change.
Optimizing pipelines for power and performance

During the concept phase and definition of next generation high-end processors, power and performance will need to be weighted appropriately to deliver competitive cost/performance. It is not enough to adopt a CPI-centric view alone in early-stage definition studies. One of the fundamental issues confronting the architect at this stage is the choice of pipeline depth and target frequency. In this paper we present an optimization methodology that starts with an analytical power-performance model to derive optimal pipeline depth for a superscalar processor. The results are validated and further refined using detailed simulation based analysis. As part of the power-modeling methodology, we have developed equations that model the variation of energy as a function of pipeline depth. Our results using a set of SPEC2000 applications show that when both power and performance are considered for optimization, the optimal clock period is around 18 FO4. We also provide a detailed sensitivity analysis of the optimal pipeline depth against key assumptions of these energy models.
Metabolic engineering of oilseed crops to produce high levels of novel acetyl glyceride oils with reduced viscosity, freezing point and calorific value.

Summary Seed oils have proved recalcitrant to modification for the production of industrially useful lipids. Here, we demonstrate the successful metabolic engineering and subsequent field production of an oilseed crop with the highest accumulation of unusual oil achieved so far in transgenic plants. Previously, expression of the Euonymus alatus diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (EaDAcT) gene in wild-type Arabidopsis seeds resulted in the accumulation of 45 mol% of unusual 3-acetyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerols (acetyl-TAGs) in the seed oil (Durrett et al., 2010 PNAS 107:9464). Expression of EaDAcT in dgat1 mutants compromised in their ability to synthesize regular triacylglycerols increased acetyl-TAGs to 65 mol%. Camelina and soybean transformed with the EaDAcT gene accumulate acetyl-triacylglycerols (acetyl-TAGs) at up to 70 mol% of seed oil. A similar strategy of coexpression of EaDAcT together with RNAi suppression of DGAT1 increased acetyl-TAG levels to up to 85 mol% in field-grown transgenic Camelina. Additionally, total moles of triacylglycerol (TAG) per seed increased 20%. Analysis of the acetyl-TAG fraction revealed a twofold reduction in very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA), consistent with their displacement from the sn-3 position by acetate. Seed germination remained high, and seedlings were able to metabolize the stored acetyl-TAGs as rapidly as regular triacylglycerols. Viscosity, freezing point and caloric content of the Camelina acetyl-TAG oils were reduced, enabling use of this oil in several nonfood and food applications.
Exergaming for Health: A Community-Based Pediatric Weight Management Program Using Active Video Gaming

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of a multifaceted, community-based weight intervention program for children using exergaming technology (activity-promoting video gaming). Design and Methods. This is a prospective observational pilot study. Forty-eight children, between the ages of 8 and 16 years, who are overweight or obese, enrolled in Exergaming for Health, a multidisciplinary weight management program, which used active video gaming. Primary outcome measures were change in body mass index (BMI) z scores. Results. Most children (n = 40, 83%) completed the program and participated in outcome evaluations. The average BMI change was −0.48 kg/m2 (SD = 0.93), P < .002 (BMI z-score change was −0.072, SD = 0.14, P < .0001). The average Global Self-Worth score improved, screen time and soda intake reduced, and exercise hours per week increased. Conclusions. The Exergaming for Health program may be an effective weight management intervention that is feasible with high participation rates. A l...
Weighted Bayesian Network for Visual Tracking

Bayesian network has been shown to be very successful for many computer vision applications, most of which are solved using the generative approaches. We propose a novel weighted Bayesian network which relaxes the conditional independent assumption in traditional Bayesian network by assigning weights to the estimations of conditional probabilities. In the weighted Bayesian network, the hidden variables are estimated generatively as in the traditional graphical models, and the weights of conditional probabilities are adjusted discriminatively from, the training samples. The combined generative/discriminative approach in a loop preserves the advantage of generative model to perform unsupervised learning and handle missing data while improve the model flexibility and performance by the discriminative learning of probability estimation weights. Our experiments show a number of real-time examples in visual tracking where the performances are significantly improved with the weighted Bayesian networks
Plk1 Phosphorylation of Orc2 and Hbo1 Contributes to Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer

Although gemcitabine is the standard chemotherapeutic drug for treatment of pancreatic cancer, almost all patients eventually develop resistance to this agent. Previous studies identified Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) as the mediator of gemcitabine resistance, but the molecular mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that Plk1 phosphorylation of Orc2 and Hbo1 mediates the resistance to gemcitabine. We show that the level of Plk1 expression positively correlates with gemcitabine resistance in both pancreatic cancer cells and xenograft tumors. Overexpression of Plk1 increases the gemcitabine resistance, whereas inhibition of Plk1 sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine treatment. To validate our findings, we show that inhibition of Plk1 sensitizes tumors to gemcitabine treatment in a mouse xenograft study. Mechanistically, we find that Plk1 phosphorylation of Orc2 maintains DNA replication upon gemcitabine treatment. Furthermore, Plk1 phosphorylation of Hbo1 transcriptionally increases cFos expression, and consequently elevates its target Multi-drug resistant 1 (MDR1), which was previously reported to confer chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Knock-down of cFos or MDR1 sensitizes gemcitabine-resistant cells to gemcitabine treatment. Finally, pancreatic cancer cells expressing Plk1-unphosphorylatable mutants of Orc2 or Hbo1 are more sensitive to gemcitabine than cells expressing wild-type Orc2 or Hbo1. In short, our study provides a mechanism for Plk1-mediated gemcitabine resistance, suggesting that Plk1 is a promising target for treatment of gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer.
Design Quality Analytics of Traceability Enablement in Service-Oriented Solution Design Environment

This paper provides an artifact-pattern-matchingframework and mathematical model to analyze thedynamic behaviors of the SOA solution design in modeldrivenfashion and provide recommendations for optimalsolution pattern enablement for solution artifacts. Theartifact-pattern-matching system can be dynamicallytuned based on the practitioners’ final selections of therecommendations. Specifically, we propose a set ofSolution patterns to guide SOA solution architectsthrough the process of consuming and configuring SOAartifacts for composing SOA solutions. The resultingmulti-dimensional cascading flagging method is alsopresented in this paper. As an example, impact analysispatterns are used as solution patterns to supporttraceability enablement. We present some futuredirections of leveraging reinforcement learningalgorithms to enrich the design quality analytics of SOAsolution.
Test Accommodations for Postsecondary Students: The Quandary Resulting From the ADA's Disability Definition.

Legal wrangling precipitated by the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) has resulted in courts adopting a narrow view of disability. This narrow categorical disability definition is in conflict with current mental health and educational practice that presumes an inclusive view of disability. Test accommodations for licensing exams based on learning impairments provide an example of the conflict generated by legal versus mental health views of disability. Mental health practitioners often support test accommodation requests for students who do not meet the ADA’s strict threshold for disability determination. Mental health practitioners must understand the ADA definition of disability, and test organizations need to examine goals and alter standard practice in a manner that is fair and equitable independent of learning impairments. A recent Supreme Court decision ruled that professional golfer Casey Martin should be allowed to ride a cart in tournaments (PGA Tour, Inc. v. Martin, 2001). In his case, brought under the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA), it was successfully argued that Martin has a disability in walking that is covered by the ADA and that the professional golfers’ tour organizers have an obligation to provide this reasonable accommodation. The flurry of opinion articles expressing polarized views concerning the merits of this decision ranged from viewing it as atrocious to admirable (Feinstein, 2001; Leo, 2001; Rohrer, 2001). This decision did not lead to the downfall of professional sports, as suggested by some detractors, nor did it level the playing field for untold numbers of disabled individuals who merely needed some reasonable accommodation to succeed at this level. In fact, it may not be sufficient to help Casey Martin reach his goal of success at the professional tour level. The criticism of this decision highlights significant underlying conflict surrounding the various views of disability, how best to accommodate the disabled, and the role of the ADA in this process. Lost in the hyperbole of criticism surrounding the Martin (2001) decision was the fact that many legal scholars are expressing significant concern that the courts are taking an extremely narrow view of disability as defined by the ADA (Anderson, 2000; Burgdorf, 1997; Friedland, 1999; Lanctot, 1997; Locke, 1997; Mayerson, 1997). In less publicized decisions, the Supreme Court ruled that one is not disabled under this law if mitigating measures effectively remedy the problem (Albertsons, Inc. v. Kirkingburg, 1999; Murphy v. United Parcel Service,
Type-2 Fuzzy Sets and Systems: a Retrospective

This article provides a high-level retrospective of type-2 fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic systems. It explains how type-2 fuzzy sets can be used to model membership function uncertainties, and how by doing this smoother performance can be obtained than by using type-1 fuzzy sets. It also summarizes the notation that should be used for type-2 fuzzy sets, describes four important mathematical representations for these fuzzy sets, explains the differences between type-1 and type-2 fuzzy logic systems and which of the four representations is most useful when designing an optimal type-2 fuzzy logic system, provides a very useful strategy for optimal designs of fuzzy logic systems – one that guarantees performance improvement as one goes from a type-1 fuzzy logic system to a type-2 fuzzy logic system design – , and describes four methods for simplifying the designs of type-2 fuzzy logic systems. Finally, it explains why type-2 fuzzy sets can capture two kinds of linguistic uncertainties simultaneously (the uncertainty of an individual and the uncertainties of a group about a word), whereas type-1 fuzzy sets cannot, and that such type-2 fuzzy set word models are what should be used to implement Zadeh’s Computing With Words paradigm.
ZnO Nanowires for Gas and Bio-Chemical Sensing

There has been significant recent interest in the use of surface-functionalized thin film and nanowire ZnO for sensing of gases, heavy metals, UV photons and biological molecules. For the detection of gases such as hydrogen, the ZnO is typically coated with a catalyst metal such as Pd or Pt to increase the detection sensitivity at room temperature. Functionalizing the surface with oxides, polymers and nitrides is also useful in enhancing the detection sensitivity for gases and ionic solutions. The use of enzymes or adsorbed antibody layers on the ZnO surface leads to highly specific detection of a broad range of antigens of interest in the medical and homeland security fields. We give examples of recent work showing sensitive detection of glucose and lactic acid and the integration of the sensors with wireless data transmission systems to achieve robust, portable sensors.
Reordering Model for Forest-to-String Machine Translation

In this paper, we present a novel extension of a forest-to-string machine translation system with a reordering model. We predict reordering probabilities for every pair of source words with a model using features observed from the input parse forest. Our approach naturally deals with the ambiguity present in the input parse forest, but, at the same time, takes into account only the parts of the input forest used by the current translation hypothesis. The method provides improvement from 0.6 up to 1.0 point measured by (Ter − Bleu)/2 metric.
Calcium metabolism in tissues affected by calcium salts and ultra violet light.

Experiments have been carried out to determine whether excessive doses of calcium salts administered daily to rabbits over a considerable period could affect the calcium content of the tissues, and also as to the effect of daily exposure to ultra violet radiation with and without the ingestion of calcium salts.Six animals were given a daily dose of 1.08 grams calcium lactate for 34 days, five received 0.5 grams calcium chloride for 40 days and six served as controls and were maintained for 35 days under the same living conditions as were the experimental animals.In a second series eight rabbits were given calcium lactate for 31 days, eight calcium chloride for 38 days, and seven were used as controls. All of this latter group of animals received daily exposure for 30 minutes to the light of a Cooper-Hewitt mercury tungsten arc.Calcium determinations made on the tissues and blood of these animals, indicated that there was no increase produced in the calcium content of the tissues by the administration of c...
Subboundary characterization and creep deformation in investment cast Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr

Subgrain boundaries (subboundaries) in a creep deformed investment cast Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr specimen were characterized. A multi-stress drop test was performed at temperature 765 C and stresses from 276 MPa to 103 MPa. The stress exponent n = 7. Subboundaries were observed both in equiaxed {gamma} grains and within {gamma} laths in lamellar grains. Dislocations within the subboundaries are characterized to be ordinary 1/2{l_angle}110] dislocations. Subboundaries are found to occur on many crystallographic planes and no preferred crystallographic planes are found for subboundary formation in the crept TiAl specimen. Misorientations across the subboundaries are less than 1{degree}. Analysis of subboundary formation mode indicates that the creep deformation in TiAl is pure metal type.
Device Thrombosis During Destination Therapy

Abstract Background Device thrombosis remains a complication of long-term mechanical circulatory support with HeartMate II. Materials and Methods Retrospective analysis of patients who underwent destination therapy (DT) with HeartMate II from January 2010-December 2013 at Tulane University Medical Center. Results Eighteen HeartMate II were implanted for DT. Survival rates were 72.2% at 1 year and 37% at 2 years. Device thrombosis in 7 of the 18 patients (39%) accounted for the low survival rate at 2 years. Known risk factors for device thrombosis were equally present in patients with and without device thrombosis. In contrast to patients without device thrombosis, all patients with device thrombosis had a pre-existing systemic inflammatory condition. Conclusions Patients with pre-existing systemic inflammatory conditions are at risk of device thrombosis during DT.
A Serological Investigation on the Immune Effect in Neonates after Recombinant Yeast Hepatitis B Vaccination

Objective To understand the immune effect and immune persistence of recombinant yeast hepatitis B vaccine which has been widely used in neonates.Methods Children aged from 1 and 6 years(born between 2005 and 2011) were selected by using the methods of cross-sectional study and stratified random sampling.Microparticles chemiluminescence analysis was applied in quantitative determination of HBsAg and Anti-HBs.Results The anti-HBs levels of 967 children who received primary immunization decreased with time.The positive rate decreased from 98.06% in the first year to 57.50% in the sixth years(P 0.01),the serum effective protection rate from 95.15% to 37.50%(P 0.01),and geometric mean titer(GMT) from 95.61 mIU / mL(95% CI 69.45 ~ 131.61 mIU / mL) to 3.17 mIU / mL(95% CI 1.20 ~ 8.36 mIU/mL)(P 0.01) in the same period.Dramatically decline was found in the 0 ~ 2 years,and no significant differences were found in the comparisons of the Anti-HBs titer in the 3 ~ 6 years.And anti-HBs GMT was under effective protection level(10 mIU/mL) after 3 years.25.15% of the children's anti-HBs was lower than 1 mIU/mL.Although antibodies decreased with time after primary immunization,the HBsAg positive rate of all children was only 0.34%.The positive rate,the effective protection rate and GMT of one dose booster group were remarkably higher than the primary immunization group,and GMT of the booster group was as 9.93 times as that of primary group.In the booster group,there were no significantly differences of positive rate(P 0.05) and effective protection rate(P 0.05) within 3 years.Conclusion The positive rate,effective protection rate and GMT of recombinant yeast hepatitis B vaccine have remarkably declined after 6 years,but the immune memory is well.So there is no necessity for large-scale booster immunization within 6 years.
Epidemic Characteristics of Injuries among Residents of Hongkou District

[Objective]To provide support of policy decision for building safe communities by analyzing occurrence,epidemiological characteristics, and disease burden of injuries among the residents of Hongkou district in Shanghai.[Methods]A total of 25153 residents from 10400 families were chosen using two-stage simple random sampling and each resident was interviewed to report retrospectively on injuries occurred from June 1, 2010 to May 31, 2011.The main contents included gender,date of birth, education level, occupation, cause of injury, time and place of injury occurrence, activity when injury occurred,injured body part, and type of injury.[Results]The crude incidence rate of injury was 3.10%, and 95% confidence interval was2.79%-3.21%; the standardized incidence rate was 2.50%. The person-time incidence rate of injury was 3.30%; the standardized person-time incidence rate was 2.64%. Top three causes of injury were fall, traffic accident, and burn. Most of injuries occurred at home, streets, and public areas. The major types of injury were superficial injury, dislocation/sprain/strain, and fracture. The average treatment cost for each case was RMB 3047 Yuan.The incidence rate of injury increased with age(1.45% for 1-14 years of age,1.54% for 15-44 years of age, 3.18% for 45-65 years of age, and 6.48% for 65 and over years of age). There were gender differences in incidence rate of injury, 2.33% for males and 3.82% for females. The incidence rate was decreased as the education level rising,4.47% for illiteracy, 4.59% for primary school, 4.38% for junior middle school, 3.27% for high/technical secondary school, 1.89%for college, and 1.57% for university. The incidence rate of injury was also related with the marital status, 1.30% for unmarried group, 3.15% for married group, and 7.35% for divorced/widowed group.[Conclusion]To build safe communities and to reduce the injury incidence due to fall and traffic accident, injury prevention interventions that focus on specific groups(women, the seniors,low level of education, divorced/living alone persons) and specific locations(home, streets, and public areas) should be carried out.
Structure and chemistry of passivated SiC/SiO2 interfaces

Here, we report on the chemistry and structure of 4H-SiC/SiO2 interfaces passivated either by nitric oxide annealing or Ba deposition. Using aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy, we find that Ba and N remain localized at SiC/SiO2 interface after processing. Further, we find that the passivating species can introduce significant changes to the near-interface atomic structure of SiC. Specifically, we quantify significant strain for nitric oxide annealed sample where Si dangling bonds are capped by N. In contrast, strain is not observed at the interface of the Ba treated samples. Finally, we place these results in the context of field effect mobility.
Lung cancer in 'Never-smokers': molecular factors trump risk factors.

While they represent a minority of patients with lung cancer, more than 20,000 people in the United States who never smoked cigarettes are diagnosed with lung cancer each year.[1] This makes lung cancer in “never-smokers” one of the 10 most common cancers—more common than ovarian cancer. In this issue of ONCOLOGY, Subramanian and Govindan give an overview of emerging data about lung cancer in never-smokers.[2] The data outlined in this review provide support for the hypothesis that we can define this collection of diseases affecting never-smokers not by the absence of a common risk factor (smoking) but by each tumor’s molecular features.
Local Electronic Structure Around a Single Impurity in Superconductors

In this chapter, I am going to discuss the local electronic structure around a single impurity. Both the nonmagnetic and magnetic impurity scattering in conventional s-wave and unconventional d-wave superconductors will be considered. The local electron density of states and the existence of impurity bound or virtual bound states will be explored. The possible realization of Majorana zero-energy modes is discussed for the case of electrons coupled to a spin chain in an s-wave superconductor. These results have a direct relevance to the STM measurements. The results will also be compared with the T-matrix method.
Quality of Cold Plasma Treated Plant Foods

Abstract A considerable volume of research has reported the successful inactivation of human pathogens in plant foods using cold plasma technology. When considering novel decontamination technologies, it is important that the effects of such treatments on the physicochemical quality of plant foods are carefully evaluated. This chapter critically analyzes the effects of cold plasma on the physical and chemical quality of plant foods, and where available, provides mechanistic insights. The quality parameters discussed include: color, firmness, microstructure, pH, respiration rate, enzymes, starch, pigments, ascorbic acid, volatile constituents, and organoleptic aspects.
The Synthesis of Some Potentiallly Blood Compatible Heparin-like Polymeric Biomaterials

When artificial polymeric implants are used in the human body, one of the most important factors is the blood compatibility. The polymeric biomaterials reported here were prepared by the cycloaddition reaction of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) to unsaturated polymers, such as polybutadiene or polyisoprene, to give a poly(N-chlorosulfonyl beta-lactam) structure which could then be hydrolyzed to give a polyanionic polymer that contains sulfamate and carboxylate groups. Previous researchers have shown that this type of material can be used as an artificial anti-coagulant with activities fairly similar to those of bovine plasma, but somewhat lower than heparin. These polymeric compounds have many of the same functional groups that are found in heparin, and might be expected to behave in a manner similar to heparinized polymers. Unfortunately, most of the previously reported research on these heparinoids has involved water soluble polyelectrolytes which would not be useful as a potential blood vessel prosthesis. Our research has concentrated upon the use of partially reacted, insoluble polymeric systems, and lightly crosslinked polymers which might retain much of the anticoagulant properties found in the polyelectrolytes, but might also be usable as replacement blood vessels.
Racial/ethnic subgroup differences in outcomes and acceptability of an Internet-delivered intervention for substance use disorders.

The Therapeutic Education System (TES), an Internet version of the Community Reinforcement Approach plus prize-based motivational incentives, is one of few empirically supported technology-based interventions. To date, however, there has not been a study exploring differences in substance use outcomes or acceptability of TES among racial/ethnic subgroups. This study uses data from a multisite (N = 10) effectiveness study of TES to explore whether race/ethnicity subgroups (White [n = 267], Black/African American [n = 112], and Hispanic/Latino [n = 55])moderate the effect of TES. Generalized linear mixed models were used to test whether abstinence, retention, social functioning, coping, craving, or acceptability differed by racial/ethnic subgroup. Findings demonstrated that race/ethnicity did not moderate the effect of TES versus TAU on abstinence, retention, social functioning, or craving. A three-way interaction (treatment, race/ethnicity, and abstinence status at study entry) showed that TES was associated with greater coping scores among nonabstinent White participants (p = .008) and among abstinent Black participants (p < .001). Acceptability of the TES intervention, although high overall, was significantly different by race/ethnicity subgroup with White participants reporting lower acceptability of TES compared to Black (p = .006) and Hispanic/Latino (p = .008) participants. TES appears to be a good candidate treatment among a diverse population of treatment-seeking individuals with substance use disorders.
Breaking the age barrier: Epilepsy surgery in septuagenarians.

Abstract Resective epilepsy surgery (RES) has traditionally been offered to young patients (
iGlarLixi: A Fixed-Ratio Combination of Insulin Glargine 100 U/mL and Lixisenatide for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective To review the safety and efficacy of iGlarLixi, a titratable fixed-ratio combination of insulin glargine 100 U/mL (iGlar) and lixisenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist. Data sources A literature search of MEDLINE for all English-language primary articles through June 2016, using the terms LixiLan, iGlarLixi and insulin glargine and lixisenatide, and a search of abstracts presented at the 2016 Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association were performed. Study selection and data extraction All studies assessing the efficacy and/or safety of iGlarLixi were evaluated. Data synthesis iGlarLixi has been approved in the United States for glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled with basal insulin ( Conclusions iGlarLixi is a titratable fixed-ratio combination that shows improved efficacy and comparable or improved safety outcomes relative to its separate constituents, offering an alternative approach to intensification of therapy in T2D.
Educação superior no Brasil: a resistência da filantropia para garantir o acesso universal à universidade

The experience report recovers the struggle for the maintenance of Philanthropy in Brazil, through a Pension Reform, which guarantees access to more than 600 thousand students of Basic Education and Higher Education, totally free, in public community education institutions. The aim is to make the reader aware of the need to build a policy of cooperation between state public and private public Higher Education Institutions (HEI) as a strategy for the access and permanence of impoverished young people in higher education. This is the story of the experiences of the authors and their partner institutions in the fight for the maintenance of Philanthropy as a device to guarantee the access and permanence of more young people in higher education. The report is accompanied by documentary data and field journal of researchers in their actions with society, government, and educational entities. As Learning evidences: the lack of knowledge of the government, parliamentarians, and society on the subject; The reductionism of the concept of what is public; The resistance of associations and people for philanthropic reasons and a political mobilization of philanthropic entities in the sensitization of parliamentarians for a new concept of public service. It is concluded by resistance and vigilancein the maintenance of several devices to guarantee philanthropy as a form of access to Higher Education, especially the poor young people.
Children's anxiety symptoms and salivary immunoglobulin A: A mutual regulatory system?

Anxiety can impact the immune system resulting in negative health outcomes. Salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is a first line of defense against foreign antigens, with lowered levels indicative of weakened mucosal immunity. Little is known about how anxiety symptoms affect the diurnal rhythm of sIgA secretion, or the longitudinal transactional sequence between the two in children and adolescents. The goals of the two studies were to: (i) explore the concurrent associations between self-reported anxiety symptoms and diurnal variations of sIgA across the day using repeated daily samples of sIgA; and (ii) examine transactional relations between children's anxiety and aggregated total amount of sIgA levels across successive periods from middle childhood (Wave 1; ages 9-12) to early adolescence (Wave 2; ages 12-15), and from early to mid- adolescence (Wave 3; ages 15-18). Concurrent results showed a steeper (positive) rise in diurnal slope of sIgA from awakening to 5 hr post-awakening in children with higher anxiety. Longitudinally, higher levels of total anxiety, and specifically, worries at Wave 1 significantly predicted lower cumulative daily levels of sIgA 3 years later at Wave 2. Lowered sIgA levels at Wave 2 in turn predicted higher anxiety at Wave 3, illustrating a "vicious cycle" feedback loop. These findings broaden our understanding of the developmental links between anxiety symptoms, the immune system, and health.
Application of Synthetic Polymeric Scaffolds in Breast Cancer 3D Tissue Cultures and Animal Tumor Models

Preparation of three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds from synthetic polymers is a challenge to most laboratories conducting biomedical research. Here, we present a handy and cost-effective method to fabricate polymeric hydrogel and porous scaffolds using poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) or polycaprolactone (PCL). Breast cancer cells grown on 3D polymeric scaffolds exhibited distinct survival, morphology, and proliferation compared to those on 2D polymeric surfaces. Mammary epithelial cells cultured on PLGA- or PCL-coated slides expressed extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and their receptors. Estrogen receptor- (ER-) positive T47D breast cancer cells are less sensitive to 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-HT) treatment when cultured on the 3D porous scaffolds than in 2D cultures. Finally, cancer cell-laden polymeric scaffolds support consistent tumor formation in animals and biomarker expression as seen in human native tumors. Our data suggest that the porous synthetic polymer scaffolds satisfy the basic requirements for 3D tissue cultures both in vitro and in vivo. The scaffolding technology has appealing potentials to be applied in anticancer drug screening for a better control of the progression of human cancers.
Granular Preemergence Applied Herbicides Influence Annual Bedding Plant Growth

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of preemergence applied herbicides on annual bedding plants. In experiment 1, five preemergence applied herbicides were evaluated for c...
Plastic ingestion by Tristram's Storm-petrel (Oceanodroma tristrami) chicks from French frigate shoals, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.

This study provides the first quantification of plastic ingestion in the Tristram's Storm-petrel (Oceanodroma tristrami) in over 20 years. We found 100% plastic incidence in 57 chicks collected opportunistically over four breeding seasons (2007, 2010, 2011, 2012), with the mass of ingested plastic per individual ranging from 0.1 to 2.8 g (≤3.3% adult mass). While plastic occurred in every bird we examined, the proventriculus contained significantly more plastic, more fragments, and larger fragments than the gizzard. Most of the ingested plastic (97.5% by mass) consisted of fragments, ranging in length from 0.4 to 11.6 mm and ranging in surface area from 0.07 to 45.21 mm2. While fragments were ubiquitous, occurring in every proventriculus and gizzard we analyzed, Tristram's Storm-petrels also ingested foam, line and sheets. Digital analysis of 1425 ingested plastic fragments documented a wide range of colors, involving shades of white, yellow, orange, red, blue, green, and black.
A Conceptual Framework for Instilling a Global Mindset in Business Students

This article proposes a conceptual framework for instilling and fostering a global mindset among students of business in general and international business in particular. Students learning to becom...
Automatic abstracting of textual material

In what follows, we want to describe a system for the automatic abstracting of textual material. In designing the system, major theoretical questions have arisen not unlike those that arise in dealing with any natural language system. In addition, we want to describe some proposed revisions which have important theoretical implications and which should lead to significant improvements in the capabilities of the present system.
Human interleukin-34-derived macrophages have increased resistance to HIV-1 infection

The establishment of latent HIV-1 reservoirs in terminally differentiated cells represents a major impediment to the success of antiretroviral therapies. Notably, macrophages (Mϕs) are susceptible to HIV-1 infection and recent evidence suggests that they may be involved in long-term HIV-1 persistence. While the extensive functional heterogeneity seen across the Mϕ cell lineage parallels the spectrum of HIV-1 susceptibility reported across these cell subsets, the facets of Mϕ HIV-1 resistance and susceptibility remain to be fully defined. Notably, the differentiation of most Mϕ subsets depends on signaling through the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR), which in addition to M-CSF, is now known to bind the unrelated interleukin-34 (IL-34) cytokine. The biological need for two M-CSFR ligands awaits full elucidation. Here, we report that Mϕs differentiated from human peripheral blood monocytes with IL-34 are substantially more resistant to HIV-1 infection than M-CSF-derived Mϕs. Moreover, while both Mϕ subsets express comparable surface protein levels of the HIV-1 receptor and co-receptor, CD4 and CCR5 respectively, the IL-34-Mϕs express significantly greater levels of pertinent restriction factor genes, potentially accounting for their greater resistance to HIV-1 infection than that observed in M-CSF-Mϕs. Together, our findings underline previously unexplored differentiation pathways resulting in HIV-1-susceptible and resistant Mϕ subsets and pave the way for further research that may overcome one of the last major hurdles in developing more successful antiretroviral therapy.
Congestive heart failure in older adults diagnosed with follicular lymphoma: A population‐based study

Background To the authors' knowledge, there is limited information regarding the long-term risk of congestive heart failure (CHF) among patients with follicular lymphoma, a prevalent non-Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosis among those aged >65 years, especially within the context of therapeutic exposures and preexisting comorbidities. Methods Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare data from 1999 through 2013, the authors identified 6109 patients with follicular lymphoma who were diagnosed at age ≥66 years between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2011, and a frequency-matched Medicare noncancer sample. Subdistribution hazards models assessed risks associated with new-onset CHF through December 31, 2013. Propensity score-matched models examined CHF risk in patients receiving anthracyclines when compared with matched noncancer controls. Results When compared with matched controls, patients with follicular lymphoma receiving anthracyclines at ages 66 to 75 years had a 1.7-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.4-fold to 2.1-fold) higher risk of new-onset CHF; patients diagnosed at age >75 years did not differ from noncancer controls with regard to CHF risk. Preexisting hypertension was associated with a 1.7-fold and 1.35-fold, respectively, increased hazard of CHF for each age group, independent of anthracycline exposure. Preexisting diabetes was associated with 1.5-fold increased hazard of CHF only in those patients aged 66 to 75 years. Patients with new-onset CHF had a 18% lower 10-year survival compared with those without CHF. Conclusions Patients with follicular lymphoma who were exposed to anthracyclines between the ages of 66 years and 75 years were found to be at an increased risk of new-onset CHF; preexisting hypertension and diabetes appeared to increase this risk. The findings of the current study support and inform the risk-based follow-up of vulnerable populations.
A Deep-learning Method for Detruncation of Attenuation Maps

In hybrid imaging, such as with SPECT/CT, the use of CT-derived attenuation maps has the potential to improve image quality. However, the benefits of attenuation correction can be reduced when the patient CT (e.g. obese) is truncated. We investigate the use of Deep Learning to complete truncated regions within cone-beam CT-derived attenuation maps for attenuation correction in cardiac perfusion SPECT. Our technique is based on inpainting, which attempts to reconstruct missing parts of an image using a special type of Convolutional Neural Networks called a context encoder to learn the size and shape of the patient’s body. For training, we used 1,169 non-truncated low-dose conebeam CTs acquired with a SPECT/CT clinical imaging system from an existing cardiac perfusion study under an IRB approved protocol. Using our method, we were able to construct contours for the truncated images and fill them in with appropriate voxel values. Our method can be advantageous over other de-truncation methods due to being image-based and not requiring specialized reconstruction methods. We also show that utilizing the detruncated CTs for attenuation correction is beneficial in improving the photon counts in cardiac perfusion studies.
Select but diverse countries are reducing both climate vulnerability and CO2 emissions

Mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and adaptation to climate risk are two essential ingredients of climate change policy. Both are needed and co-benefits may exist. Yet, mitigation and adaptation are not usually pursued together. Part of remedying this shortcoming is understanding the relationship between GHG emissions and climate vulnerability reduction and recognizing when and where they trend together. Here, we compare changes in fossil fuel CO2 emissions per capita and in climate vulnerability scores over the past two decades in 179 countries. We use climate vulnerability scores from the well-established ND-GAIN Country Index, a composite metric constructed from thirty-six indicators covering three components of vulnerability (exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity). We find that 69% of the countries decreased climate vulnerability, while increasing their per capita fossil fuel CO2 emissions. These countries are successfully reducing climate vulnerability but are increasing their GHG emissions and thus failing in mitigation efforts. In contrast, 23% of the countries have been successful in simultaneously reducing per capita CO2 emissions and climate vulnerability. Furthermore, in highly vulnerable countries, increasing CO2 emissions are not correlated with decreasing climate vulnerability. These findings underscore that climate vulnerability reduction may be due only partly to economic development. This finding also changes our prevailing view that increases in CO2 emissions are associated with vulnerability reduction. Finally, examining mitigation and climate-vulnerability reduction by sector, we show that a majority of countries are able to reduce vulnerability in ecosystem services. Those countries and sectors with positive trends provide examples for others to follow, as solutions at the mitigation-climate vulnerability reduction interface are essential for sustainable economic development.
Controlling excitation avalanches in driven Rydberg gases

Recent experiments with strongly interacting, driven Rydberg ensembles have introduced a promising setup for the study of self-organized criticality (SOC) in cold atom systems. Based on this setup, we theoretically propose a control mechanism for the paradigmatic avalanche dynamics of SOC in the form of a time-dependent drive amplitude. This gives access to a variety of avalanche dominated, self-organization scenarios, prominently including self-organized criticality, as well as sub- and supercritical dynamics. We analyze the dependence of the dynamics on external scales and spatial dimensionality. It demonstrates the potential of driven Rydberg systems as a playground for the exploration of an extended SOC phenomenology and their relation to other common scenarios of SOC, such as, e.g., in neural networks and on graphs.
Postemergence Applied Herbicides for Use On Ornamental Grasses

Abstract Postemergence-applied, grass-active herbicides registered for use in the landscape were applied over-the-top of four ornamental grass species to evaluate tolerance in 1990 and 1991. All he...
Applications of Energetic Distributions of Oxygen Surface Complexes to Carbon and Char Reactivity and Characterization

Recently, in our laboratory, we have been concerned with the determination of probability density functions of desorption activation energies of oxygen surface complexes from oxidized carbons and chars via temperature programmed desorption/mass spectrometry (TPD/MS), and their potential applications. Here we present our results on: (1) identification of controlling phenomena and deconvolution and interpretation of resultant TPD spectra; (2) a technique to transform desorption rate data into energetic distributions, and their application to carbon and char diagnostics and characterization; and (3) application of energetic distributions to the a priori prediction of char reactivity.