cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relation of adiposity, television and screen time in offspring to their parents

Few studies have examined the relations of adiposity and lifestyle factors in young offspring with their parents as children (parentschild) or at their current age (parentsadult). Therefore, we compared measures of adiposity and lifestyle in parentschild and parentsadult with their offspring. Two generations (one parent and his/her offspring) participated in this study: 234 parents from a previously established cohort and 382 offspring. Parentsadult and offspring underwent measurements for height, weight, waist circumference, % body fat, visceral fat, and lifestyle habits. Participants were classified as normal weight, overweight, obese based on age-specific BMI criteria. Mixed model linear regression analysis evaluated the associations of adiposity and lifestyle factors of parentschild and parentsadult with that of their offspring, adjusting for age, sex, race, and family membership. The prevalence of obesity was greater among offspring mean age 12.3 years compared to their parentschild mean age 12.6 years (18.4% vs 10.1%, p<0.001) even though hours of television (TV) watching were similar between the two generations as children (p=0.80). Sixty percent of parents (as children and adults) and offspring reported more than 2 hours of TV/day. Offspring of parents who were overweight and obese as children had greater BMI (all p<0.001) than offspring of parents who were normal weight as children. For both parentadult and offspring, adiposity was greater with greater total screen time. Identifying high-risk families is important for early intervention of overweight, especially in children.
Moving from the Inside Out Further Explorations of the Family of Origin/Career Development Linkage

This article provides a reaction to the Whiston and Keller’s major contribution on the relationships between family of origin and the career development process. Initially, some of the most noteworthy lessons conveyed in the Whiston and Keller article are highlighted, followed by a description of the next steps in research and theory construction that their article suggests. The use of relational perspectives as an organizing framework for subsequent studies of the linkages between interpersonal relationships and vocational behavior is advocated.A recommendationis made to use the “psychology of working” perspective to include individuals who experience little if any volition in their vocationalchoices in future theoretical, research, andpractice efforts regardingrelationships and work.
LARIAT: Lincoln adaptable real-time information assurance testbed

The Lincoln adaptable real-time information assurance testbed, LARIAT, is an extension of the testbed created for DARPA 1998 and 1999 intrusion detection (ID) evaluations. LARIAT supports real-time, automated and quantitative evaluations of ID systems and other information assurance (IA) technologies. Components of LARIAT generate realistic background user traffic and real network attacks, verify attack success or failure, score ID system performance, and provide a graphical user interface for control and monitoring. Emphasis was placed on making LARIAT easy to adapt, configure and run without requiring a detailed understanding of the underlying complexity. LARIAT is currently being exercised at four sites and is undergoing continued development and refinement.
Model study on extraction of fermentable sugars and nonstructural carbohydrate from sweet sorghum using diffusion process

Abstract Sweet sorghum stores a high concentration of soluble sugars in its stalk and produces grain in the panicle. This grain represents a significant amount of starch. The ethanol industry currently uses sugarcane processing methods for sweet sorghum; however, sweet sorghum differs from sugarcane in that sweet sorghum produces significant quantities of grain which is predominantly starch. The objective of this research was to increase ethanol production from sweet sorghum by fully utilizing all fermentable sugars which include starch in the grain and nonstructural carbohydrates in the stalk. The diffusion process was utilized to extract fermentable sugars and nonstructural carbohydrates from chopped sweet sorghum biomass and grains. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied in order to optimize diffusion conditions and to explore effects of diffusion time, diffusion temperature, ratio of sweet sorghum grain to total biomass on starch-to-sugar efficiency, and total sugar recovery from sweet sorghum. RSM results showed that starch conversion efficiency and sugar recovery efficiency of 96% and 98.5%, respectively, were achieved at an optimized time of 114.9 min, temperature of 95 °C, and 22% grain loading.
Drug Interactions and Adventures in Polypharmacy

The use of two or more drugs simultaneously can be perilous, as shown by the ­following case:
Secondary Shock in the Dog Produced by Total and Partial Aortic Occlusion.

Summary1) A combination of hemorrhagic and partial aortic occlusion produces a controllable degree of hypotensive shock in the dog which closely resembles hemorrhagic shock. 2) The method provides an opportunity to study the effects of differential arterial perfusion of different body segments.
Aeroservoelastic Simulation Considering Control System Component Uncertainty

The development of a computational capability for Monte-Carlo simulations of uncertain aeroservoelastic systems is described. The capability allows selection of uncertain variables at all levels of the modeling in all disciplines involved. In the structural dynamic area material properties as well as local thicknesses, correlated spatially in the structure, can be used to model structural uncertainty in detail, or, at a higher level, uncertainty can be assigned directly to natural frequencies and mode shapes. In the controls area, parameters defining properties of physical elements in actuators or other parts of the control system can be used as uncertain variables, or, at a higher level, state space model matrix perturbations, transfer function frequency response bounds, or other measures of uncertainty modeling developed in the control systems discipline. A number of uncertainty modeling approaches is available for accounting for unsteady aerodynamic uncertainty. The focus of the work described here is the sensitivity to uncertainty of “notchfilter” approach, commonly used to decouple aeroelastic and structural dynamic behavior and stabilize unfavorable aeroservoelastic interactions in cases where such interactions lead to instability. It is shown that attention has to be paid, if notch filters are used in the aeroservoelastic loop, to the variability and uncertainties of the aircraft involved.
Bilateral Information Sharing and Pricing Incentives in a Retail Channel

This chapter evaluates the impact of sharing information on wholesale and retail pricing incentives as well as on the distribution of economic rents. We consider a model in which the manufacturer distributes its product to one or more retailers. Each firm receives a private signal as an estimate of stochastic consumer demand. We show that, in the absence of information sharing, the retailer is able to use the wholesale price to infer the manufacturer’s private signal. This creates a pricing distortion which benefits the retailer. Downward sharing of the manufacturer’s private signal eliminates this distortion. In contrast, when the retailer shares its private signal upstream, the manufacturer is able to set price closer to retailer’s value, thus capturing downstream consumer surplus. In general, the manufacturer benefits from more information sharing at the loss of downstream retailers and consumers. Hence, information sharing arrangements in equilibrium require side payments and/or sufficient cost savings (e.g., reduced inventory costs).
Abstract 1598: Isolation and characterization of circulating melanoma cells by size filtration and fluorescent in situ hybridization

Somatic mutations in BRAF are predictive of the clinical efficacy of BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors for advanced melanoma. Resistance to treatment is observed for most patients despite a high response rate to kinase inhibitors. While repeated tumor biopsy is the gold standard for evaluating genetic changes following treatment, this is not generally feasible. The analysis of circulating melanoma cells (CMCs) has the potential to be a non-invasive means of interrogating the biology underlying response and resistance. Here we report on the isolation, detection, and characterization of CMCs from patients using size filtration followed by immunoflourescence and/or fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses. Blood from a cohort of 20 patients with advanced melanoma was collected in an initial proof of concept experiment. CMCs were identified in 14 out of 20 melanoma blood samples (70%) with a range of 2.5-99 CMCs per 3mL of blood by immunofluorescence (IF) using a cocktail of 4 melanoma specific antibodies (HMB45, MART-1, Tyrosinase and MiTF). Cells that appeared tumor like by microscopy, but that did not stain for CD45 or the cocktail of melanoma specific antibodies were also detected. To further characterize these cells, FISH was performed with a set of 4 melanoma-specific probes (RREB1, MYB, Centromere 6, CCND1). In a cohort of 13 patients with melanoma specimens that had paired blood specimens, CMCs were detected in all 13 specimens ranging from 7.2-76 CMCs per 3mL of blood with more identification by FISH in 10 out 13 samples. Additionally, cells that were double negative by IF were observed to be positive by FISH. CMCs are detectable in the majority of patients with advanced melanoma. Use of IF and FISH can help detect and characterize CMCs. These tools will be useful in characterizing treatment related changes in CMCs. Citation Format: Masahiko Yanagita, Jason J. Luke, Cloud P. Paweletz, Elena Ivanova, Paul T. Kirschmeier, Stephen F. Hodi, Pasi A. Janne. Isolation and characterization of circulating melanoma cells by size filtration and fluorescent in situ hybridization. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1598. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1598
The effect of rapamycin on single ENaC channel activity and phosphorylation in A6 cells

Rapamycin and FK-506 are immunosuppressive drugs that bind a ubiquitous immunophilin, FKBP12, but immunosuppressive mechanisms and side effects appear to be different. Rapamycin binds renal FKBP12 ...
Genomic Imprinting of IGF2 Is Maintained in Infantile Hemangioma despite its High Level of Expression

Hemangioma, the most common tumor of infancy, is characterized by rapid growth and slow regression. Increased mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) has been detected in the proliferating phase by cDNA microarray analysis, but the underlying mechanism causing the increase remains unknown. Here, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry, we show that IGF2 is highly expressed in both proliferating and involuting phase hemangioma, but is not detectable in other vascular lesions such as pyogenic granuloma, venous malformation, lymphatic malformation, or in normal infant skin. Loss of imprinting of the Igf2 gene has been associated with IGF2 overexpression in a variety of childhood tumors. To determine if loss of imprinting and consequent bi-allelic expression might contribute to the increased expression of IGF2, we examined the genomic imprinting status of Igf2 in 48 individual hemangiomas. We determined allele-specific Igf2 expression using reverse transcriptase-PCR combined with analysis of an Apa I-sensitive restriction fragment length polymorphism. Similar to heterozygous normal skin controls, all 15 informative hemangiomas showed uniform mono-allelic expression of Igf2. Therefore, loss of imprinting is not involved in the increased expression of IGF2 in infantile hemangioma.
High-Sensitivity Troponin in the Triage of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure.

Hospitalizations for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) account for the majority of >$30 billion spent on heart failure (HF) annually in the United States [(1)][1]. Moreover, the evaluation of these patients adds nearly 1 million emergency department (ED) evaluations annually, and exacerbates
Secondary malabsorption syndromes of intestinal origin.

Malabsorption syndromes include primary and secondary intestinal syndromes and malabsorption of gastric, pancreatic or hepatic origin.Nontropical sprue is more common than the secondary forms and should be considered before other possible causes for the malabsorptive state.Roentgenographic examination of gastrointestinal tract or biopsy of small intestine or mesenteric lymph nodes may help toward diagnosis.Principal treatment includes dietary correction of deficiency states and replacement of vitamins and minerals.
Synthesis and time resolved infrared analysis of photochemical oxiranyl carbene and diphenyl ketene precursors

Abstract Synthesis of a nonnitrogenous phenanthrene-based precursor of oxiranyl carbene yielded a photochemical source for diphenyl ketene after an in situ intramolecular rearrangement. The initial carbene precursor targeted rearranged from a putative spiro-oxiranyl intermediate to a cyclobutanone. Photolysis of the phenanthrene–cyclobutanone generated an infrared signal centered at 2100 cm −1 consistent with diphenyl ketene formation. Time-resolved infrared spectroscopy followed the reaction progress and measured bimolecular rate constants ( k obs = 9.1 × 10 6 M −1 s −1 ; butyl amine) consistent with diphenyl ketene formation. Quenching experiments combined with Stern–Volmer kinetics suggests a radical pathway is likely involved in the formation of diphenyl ketene from the phenanthrene-based precursor. The generality of the rearrangement is also discussed.
Colorectal cancer screening patient education materials-how effective is online health information?

Patients screened for colorectal cancer (CRC) frequently turn to the Internet to improve their understanding of tests used for detection, including colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, fecal occult blood test (FOBT), and CT colonography. It was of interest to determine the quality and readability levels of online health information. The screening tools were googled, and the top 20 results of each test were analyzed for readability, accessibility, usability, and reliability. The 80 articles excluded scientific literature and blogs. We used ten validated readability scales to measure grade levels, and one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s honestly statistical different (HSD) post hoc analyses to determine any statistically significant differences among the four diagnostic tests. The LIDA tool assessed overall quality by measuring accessibility, usability, and reliability. The 80 articles were written at an 11.7 grade level, with CT colonography articles written at significantly higher levels than FOBT articles, F(3, 75) = 3.07, p = 0.033. LIDA showed moderate percentages in accessibility (83.9 %), usability (73.0 %), and reliability (75.9 %). Online health information about CRC screening tools are written at higher levels than the National Institute of Health (NIH) and American Medical Association (AMA) recommended third to seventh grade levels. More patients could benefit from this modality of information if it were written at a level and quality that would better facilitate understanding.
The Impact of Race and Socioeconomic Status (SES) on Survival in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL): A Population-Based Study from the California Cancer Registry (CCR).

Background: Despite the existence of well-established clinical prognostic indices for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL), the 2 most common subtypes of NHL, significant heterogeneity in survival remains even within prognostic groups. SES has not previously been evaluated as a prognostic factor for NHL, particularly using an unselected patient population. We therefore used the large multiethnic CCR to examine NHL survival according to histology, race/ethnicity and neighborhood SES. Methods: NHL pts were identified from the CCR for the period 1988–97 using standardized ICD-0-3 classifications (morphology codes 9690–99 for FL & 9680–84 for DLBCL). Patients with evidence of HIV/AIDS were excluded. Neighborhood SES was assigned based on the address of residence at diagnosis, according to 1990 US Census Bureau census block group (each block contains about 1500 residents), and is based upon principal components of 7 indicator variables of SES (education level, proportion with blue collar job, proportion unemployed, median household income, proportion below 200% of poverty line, median rent & median home value). Using this index, we assigned each patient into an SES quintile (SES-1 lowest, SES-5 highest) based on the statewide distribution of neighborhood SES. We computed 5-year relative survival ± standard error (SE) with SEER*Stat software using customized race and SES-specific life tables based on US Census Bureau estimates for California residents. Results: Unselected DLBCL pts [n=13,604; comprising 73% non-Hispanic White (W), 4% Black (B), 14% Hispanic (H), 8% Asian/Pacific Islander (A)] & FL pts (n=7372; 82% W, 3% B, 11% H, 4% A) were identified. The overall 5 yr relative survival for DLBCL was 45.5% (SE 0.5) and for FL was 71.1% (SE 0.6); females had a better survival than males for DLBCL [F 48.3% (SE 0.7) vs. M 42.3% (SE 0.6)] but not for FL. Lower SES was associated with inferior survival for both DLBCL & FL (Table 1). Within SES groups there were not significant racial/ethnic differences in survival. However, in DLBCL, B (34%) and H (33%) pts were proportionally more likely to be in SES-1 than W (9%) or A pts (15%), and less likely to be in SES-5 (9% B, 10% H) than W (27%) or A (22%) pts. Similarly, in FL, B (39%) & H (26%) pts were also more likely than W (8%) & A (10%) pts to be in SES-1 and less likely to be in SES-5 (W-29%, A-32%, B-10%, H-11%). Conclusion: SES predicts survival in DLBCL and FL. Race/ethnicity differences in SES distribution are apparent in NHL patients, but when stratified by SES, race/ethnicity does not appear to predict for significant differences in NHL survival.
Celeris: A GPU-accelerated open source software with a Boussinesq-type wave solver for real-time interactive simulation and visualization

Abstract In this paper, we introduce an interactive coastal wave simulation and visualization software, called Celeris. Celeris is an open source software which needs minimum preparation to run on a Windows machine. The software solves the extended Boussinesq equations using a hybrid finite volume–finite difference method and supports moving shoreline boundaries. The simulation and visualization are performed on the GPU using Direct3D libraries, which enables the software to run faster than real-time. Celeris provides a first-of-its-kind interactive modeling platform for coastal wave applications and it supports simultaneous visualization with both photorealistic and colormapped rendering capabilities. We validate our software through comparison with three standard benchmarks for non-breaking and breaking waves. Program summary Program title: Celeris Program Files doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/5djwvf5x5k.1 Licensing provisions : GNU General Public License 3 (GPL) Programming language : C++, HLSL Nature of problem : Boussinesq-type models provide the research-level accuracy needed for modeling wave propagation in coastal zones. However the current models, both commercial and open source, do not provide means for real-time computation , nor provide model interactivity and concurrent visualization. In order to achieve a real-time simulation speed in current parallelized models, dozens to hundreds of CPU cores are needed. Celeris is an interactive software which provides faster than real-time simulation and visualization speed on an average user laptop. The novelty of this software is its interactive environment, which allows the user to modify the model and field parameters as the model is running, and to see the effect of these changes immediately. Solution method : A hybrid finite volume-finite difference scheme is used to solve the extended Boussinesq equations. The solver is parallelized using shader programming with Direct3D libraries. Visualization is also performed with the same libraries.
Otub1 stabilizes MDMX and promotes its proapoptotic function at the mitochondria

// Yingxiao Chen 1 , Yue-Gang Wang 1 , Yuhuang Li 1 , Xiao-Xin Sun 1 , Mu-Shui Dai 1 1 Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, and The OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA Correspondence to: Mu-Shui Dai, email: daim@ohsu.edu Keywords: deubiquitinating enzymes, MDMX, Otub1, p53, apoptosis Received: November 04, 2016 Accepted: December 20, 2016 Published: December 27, 2016 ABSTRACT Otub1 regulates p53 stability and activity via non-canonical inhibition of UbcH5, the MDM2 cognate ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2). However, whether Otub1 regulates MDMX stability and activity is not clear. Here we report that Otub1 also suppresses MDM2-mediated MDMX ubiquitination in cells and in vitro , independently of its deubiquitinating enzyme activity. Consequently, overexpression of Otub1 markedly stabilized MDMX and increased its levels, whereas knockdown of Otub1 reduced the levels of MDMX. Interestingly, MDMX induced by Otub1 can localize to mitochondria in addition to the cytosol, enhance p53 phosphorylation at S46 (p53S46P) and promote mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. Knockdown of MDMX reduced Otub1-induced p53S46P, which was shown to be critical for p53’s mitochondrial function and apoptotic activity. Furthermore, Otub1 promotes UV-irradiation-induced p53S46P and apoptosis, which can be significantly inhibited by MDMX depletion. Together, these results suggest that Otub1 stabilizes MDMX and promotes p53S46P and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, providing an alternative mechanism of Otub1’s role in apoptosis.
The James A. Rand Young Investigator's Award: Administrative Claims vs Surgical Registry: Capturing Outcomes in Total Joint Arthroplasty

Abstract Background Administrative claims in total joint arthroplasty are used for observational studies and payment adjustments under the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CJR) legislation. Claims data have not been validated against prospective surgical outcome registries for primary total hip (THA) or knee arthroplasty (TKA). We hypothesized that significant differences in reported comorbidity and adverse event measures exist between administrative claims and prospective registry data relevant to payment adjudication under the CJR reimbursement model. Methods Comorbidities and outcomes in primary TKA and THA in the United Healthcare and Medicare Standard Analytical File 5% Sample insurance claims datasets (PearlDiver Technologies, Inc) were compared to age-matched cohorts from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) surgical outcomes data from 2007 to 2011 using comparable International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification and Current Procedural Terminology codes at 30, 90, and 360 days from index arthroplasty. Pearson's chi-square test was used for statistical analyses. Results The total study population included 93,953 primary THA and 176,944 TKA patients. Primary TKA and THA patients in insurance claims cohorts had significantly fewer reported comorbidities, higher rates of surgical site infection, pulmonary embolism, wound dehiscence, thromboembolic events, and neurologic deficits, and lower reported rates of revision surgery than ACS-NSQIP cohorts within 30 days of primary TKA and THA. Cumulative incidence of adverse events increased significantly from 30 to 360 days after primary arthroplasty. Conclusion We report significant discordance in the prevalence of patient comorbidities and incidence of adverse events in primary THA and TKA between ACS-NSQIP and the administrative claims data of Medicare and United Healthcare. These disparities have implications for observational outcome studies as well as payment adjudication under the CJR reimbursement model in total joint arthroplasty.
A multi-tone testing technique for production characterization of micro-resonators

This work applies a mixed-signal IC production testing technique to perform high-frequency (>1 GHz) micro-resonator characterization on an industry standard ATE (automated test equipment) with an RF subsystem. The implementation is based on observing the change in magnitude and phase of injected multi-tone signals. This μ-resonator ATE technique is capable of extracting the resonance frequency to single-digit ppm accuracy for real-time process monitoring and device pre-screening. Compared to conventional S-parameter measurements on ATEs, this technique is expected to reduce production testing cost by at least 40%.
Impact of Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Use on Overall Survival Among Patients Undergoing Resection for Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer has higher concentrations of angiotensin II compared with other cancers. This study sought to assess the effect of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) on survival of patients undergoing resection using a large, nationally representative dataset. Patients undergoing pancreatic cancer resection were identified in the Truven Health MarketScan database. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the effect of ARB use on overall survival. A total of 4299 patients were identified, among whom 479 (11.1%) filled a prescription for an ARB. Mean patient age was 54.5 years (SD = 8.6 years); 2187 (51.1%) were female. Exactly 49.4% (n = 2125) of patients had a Charlson comorbidity index >2 at the time of surgery (n = 2125, 49.4%) and 59.6% (n = 2563) underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy. Kaplan–Meier estimates of survival at 1, 2, and 4 years were 62.8% (95% CI: 61.3–64.2%), 38.2% (95% CI: 36.6–39.8%), and 19.0% (95% CI: 17.1–21.0%), respectively. On multivariable analysis, ARB use was associated with a 24% decreased risk of death over the 5-year period in which patients were under observation (HR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67–0.87, p < 0.001). ARB use was associated with improved survival in patients undergoing resection of pancreatic cancer. Further research is required into the differential effect of ARBs in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
The IKG: Co-opted by the New Masters

The Jewish Community of Vienna (IKG) Under Nazi Administration, by Ilana F. Offenberger In this chapter, Offenberger marks the birth of institutionalized cooperation between Jewish victims and their Nazi oppressors with the reopening of the Jewish Community of Vienna under Nazi Administration in May 1938. Offenberger argues that at this point Vienna’s Jews unified to support a system of mass exodus from Austria. Twenty-five-thousand Jews applied for emigration on behalf of themselves (and their families) in the very first days of the community’s reconfiguration and these people were willing to go anywhere, pay any price, and leave everything behind to ensure their safety. Months before the opening of Eichmann’s infamous Zentrallstelle, a fully operational system for mass emigration was underway that required the assistance of foreign aid committees and total cooperation from Vienna’s Jews. This chapter introduces the central role and work of the IKG including its structure, institutions, leaders, employees, volunteers, and members. Offenberger introduces the new “rescue” operation and how it was implemented from the top down requiring complete obedience for success.
Liver specific gene immunotherapies resolve immune suppressive ectopic lymphoid structures of liver metastases and prolong survival.

The ability to generate potent immunotherapies locally and transiently for the treatment of cancers is a promising strategy to improve efficacy and decrease off-target toxicities. Here, we explored an alternative approach for the delivery of immunotherapeutic agents, in which we deliver the pDNA of an engineered PD-L1 trap and/or CXCL12 trap to the nucleus of liver hepatocytes via a lipid calcium phosphate nanoparticle. This strategy greatly increased the concentrations of immunotherapeutic agents in the local tissue, allowing the therapy to inhibit the accumulation of immune suppressive cells and liver metastasis. Furthermore, we find that the lipid calcium phosphate nanoparticles containing the pCXCL12 trap resolved the formation of immune suppressive ectopic lymphoid structures, while the pPD-L1 trap promoted T-cell survival and migration into the liver following vaccination against tumor antigens (>180% increase in survival). This approach showed superior efficacy in the treatment of the liver metastasis compared to free protein immunotherapies. This strategy should be considered as an approach to support liver metastasis therapies as well as for future research interested in manipulating the chemokine/cytokine immune factors within the liver.
“Baby Doll, You Made the World a Little Bit Better by Speaking Out for What You Believe In”: Narratives of Femininity and Political Action in the BeForever Collection

American Girl characters are not in the shadows, but are agentic participants in their own lives, the lives of their families, their communities, and their country. Over the past fifteen years, stories of social action have been fundamental to the American Girl brand but exist beside a discourse of domestic and aesthetic femininity. The BeForever narratives emphasize social action and protagonists who see themselves as change agents. They offer readers models of activism as well as strategies that young readers can use to become involved in their own communities. Yet, simultaneously, the collection of accessories and clothing has become more deeply invested in normative feminine cultures such as beauty culture, food culture, and bedroom culture.
Separable Effects of Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Adaptive Functioning on Amygdala Connectivity During Emotion Processing.

Abstract Background Individuals with a history of maltreatment show altered amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli, atypical frontal regulatory control, and differences in frontolimbic connectivity compared with nonmaltreated controls. However, despite early trauma, many individuals who experience maltreatment show resilience or adaptive functioning in adulthood including positive social, educational, and occupational outcomes. Methods The present study used a psychophysiological interaction model to examine the effect of adult adaptive functioning on group differences between maltreated and nonmaltreated adults in task-based amygdala functional connectivity. The task used was a facial emotion-matching paradigm. Functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were collected from 41 adults with a history of substantiated childhood maltreatment and 39 nonmaltreated adults who were well matched on demographic variables, all of whom had been studied since childhood. Adaptive functioning was measured with a composite score of success on stage-salient developmental tasks. Results Consistent with previous research, we found differences in task-related amygdala functional connectivity between the maltreated and nonmaltreated groups. Effects were seen in the left hippocampus, right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and right thalamus. However, when adult functioning was included in the model, maltreatment-related differences in amygdala connectivity were observed only in the hippocampus. Adult adaptive functioning independently predicted task-related amygdala connectivity in frontal and parietal regions across the entire sample. Conclusions These results suggest that frontolimbic functional connectivity is predicted by positive developmental adaptation in this high-risk population, regardless of maltreatment history, whereas intralimbic connectivity (amygdala and hippocampus) is more specifically associated with maltreatment history.
Emerging Trends in Pregnancy-Loss Memorialization in American Catholicism

Pregnancy loss (miscarriage, stillbirth, and abortion) is an age-old, and typically hidden, part of women's lives, yet only in recent years has it started to receive recognition to match its prevalence. Based on ethnographic research, this article analyzes liturgical and memorial practices developing within American Catholicism to acknowledge and commemorate pregnancy losses. Growing efforts have emerged as parishes, dioceses, and other Catholic organizations across the country have developed rites and memorials that provide formal ways to attend to grief that often accompanies experiences of miscarriage, stillbirth, and abortion. The memorials range from “miscarriage masses” to public monuments to postabortion ministry retreats. This article argues that these memorial practices seek to change how pregnancy-loss experiences are understood or “known” by ritual participants by reframing them within Catholic narratives of forgiveness and healing, thereby transforming situations of isolating loss into stories of grace, community, and shared sorrow.
Biomethanization of citrus waste: Effect of waste characteristics and of storage on treatability and evaluation of limonene degradation

Abstract This study proposes the evaluation of the suitability of mesophilic anaerobic digestion as a simple technology for the treatment of the citrus waste produced by small-medium agro-industrial enterprises involved in the transformation of Citrus fruits. Two different stocks of citrus peel waste were used (i.e., fresh and stored citrus peel waste), to evaluate the influence of waste composition (variability in the type of processed Citrus fruits) and of storage (potentially necessary to operate the anaerobic digester continuously over the whole year due to the seasonality of the production) on anaerobic degradation treatability. A thorough characterization of the two waste types has been performed, showing that the fresh one has a higher solid and organic content, and that, in spite of the similar values of oil fraction amounts, the two stocks are significantly different in the composition of essential oils (43% of limonene and 34% of linalyl acetate in the fresh citrus waste and 20% of limonene and 74% of linalyl acetate in the stored citrus waste). Contrarily to what observed in previous studies, anaerobic digestion was successful and no reactor acidification occurred. No inhibition by limonene and linalyl acetate even at the maximum applied organic load value (i.e., 2.72 gCOD waste /gVS inoculum ) was observed in the treatment of the stored waste, with limonene and linalyl acetate concentrations of 104 mg/l and 385 mg/l, respectively. On the contrary, some inhibition was detected with fresh citrus peel waste when the organic load increased from 2.21 to 2.88 gCOD waste /gVS inoculum , ascribable to limonene at initial concentration higher than 150 mg/l. A good conversion into methane was observed with fresh peel waste, up to 0.33 l C H 4 / g C O D r e m o v e d at the highest organic load, very close to the maximum theoretical value of 0.35 l C H 4 / g C O D r e m o v e d , while a lower efficiency was achieved with stored peel waste, with a reduction down to 0.24 l C H 4 / g C O D r e m o v e d at the highest organic load.
Designing and Optimizing Digital Applications for Medical Emergencies

In this ongoing study, we aim to redesign an existing dynamic digital checklist application (app) for trauma resuscitations in a regional trauma center. The design followed an iterative, user-centered approach. Trauma team physician leaders and research coordinators at the center participated in a survey and usability study to provide feedback for improving the user interface. Proper optimization of the user experience is necessary for future adoption of the digital checklist. This study lays the groundwork for in situ use and evaluation of the checklist by trauma team members.
Aspects of Blood-Brain Barrier in Clinical Brain Imaging

The blood brain barrier (BBB) is usually considered a basic science phenomenon, but it frequently surfaces in clinical medicine. It is of crucial importance in single-photon emission (SPET) tomography and positron emission tomography (PET).
Thermodynamic Properties for R-404A

An 18-coefficient modified Benedict–Webb–Rubin equation of state has been developed for R-404A, a ternary mixture of 44% by mass of pentafluoroethane (R-125), 52% by mass of 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R-143a), and 4% by mass of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). Correlations of bubble point pressures, dew point pressures, saturated liquid densities, and saturated vapor densities are also presented. This equation of state has been developed based on the reported experimental data of PVT properties, saturation properties, and isochoric heat capacities by using least-squares fitting. These correlations are valid in the temperature range from 250 K to the critical temperature. This equation of state is valid at pressures up to 19 MPa, densities to 1300 kg·m−3, and temperatures from 250 to 400 K. The thermodynamic properties except for the saturation pressures are calculated from this equation of state.
SAMHD1 deficient human monocytes autonomously trigger type I interferon

Germline mutations in the human SAMHD1 gene cause the development of Aicardi-Goutieres Syndrome (AGS), with a dominant feature being increased systemic type I interferon(IFN) production. Here we tested the state of type I IFN induction and response to, in SAMHD1 knockout (KO) human monocytic cells. SAMHD1 KO cells exhibited spontaneous transcription and translation of IFN-β and subsequent interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) as compared to parental wild-type cells. This elevation of IFN-β and ISGs was abrogated via inhibition of the TBK1-IRF3 pathway in the SAMHD1 KO cells. In agreement, we found that SAMHD1 KO cells present high levels of phosphorylated TBK1 when compared to control cells. Moreover, addition of blocking antibody against type I IFN also reversed elevation of ISGs. These experiments suggested that SAMHD1 KO cells are persistently auto-stimulating the TBK1-IRF3 pathway, leading to an enhanced production of type I IFN and subsequent self-induction of ISGs.
First-principles calculations and thermodynamic modelling of long periodic stacking ordered (LPSO) phases in Mg-Al-Gd

Abstract In the present work, thermodynamic modelling of four long periodic stacking ordered (LPSO) phases, i.e., 10H, 18R, 14H, and 24R, in the Mg-Al-Gd system was performed using the CALPHAD (calculation of phase diagram) approach with input from the present first-principles calculations and experimental data in the literature. Sublattice models were developed to describe these LPSO phases. Especially, an L12-type clusters in the FCC stacking layers of LPSO phases and the atomic occupancy in the center of L12 cluster were considered based on experimental observations and energetics from first-principles calculations. The calculated phase equilibrium results are in good agreement with experiments about the phase stability of 14H and 18R and the mole fraction of Gd and Al in these LPSO phases. The present modeling provides a new approach to describe the thermodynamic properties of LPSO phases and can be applied to other alloy systems.
The impact of wind generation on wholesale electricity market prices in the midcontinent independent system operator energy market: An empirical investigation

Abstract The Midcontinent Independent System Operator (MISO) is the second largest organized competitive wholesale electricity market in the U.S. Wholesale electricity prices in MISO have decreased over the past several years, as both natural gas prices have fallen, and large amounts of wind generation capacity have been added. Using an empirical econometric approach studying historical hourly real-time electricity prices, load, natural gas prices, and other MISO market data, a series of econometric models are estimated using historical data from 2008 to 2016, to identify the impact of increased wind generation on wholesale electricity prices in MISO. This is the first such empiric study for MISO, the largest wholesale electricity market by geography in the world. Furthermore, this is the first empiric study estimating impacts of wind generation on electricity price that utilizes a comprehensive set of predictor variables to control for many sources of potential bias. The results show a statistically significant impact of wind generation on real-time hourly MISO system prices, ranging from an estimated decrease of $0.14 to $0.34 per mega-watt hour, for each 100 mega-watt hours of additional wind generation. It is observed that the estimated marginal impacts of additional wind generation have declined over time. This is likely attributable to the long-term shifts in the supply and demand dynamics experienced in the MISO energy market, as well as to changes made to the MISO market structure to better accommodate variable generation.
Current and future treatment management strategies for gastroparesis

Introduction: Gastroparesis (GP) is a debilitating condition characterized by delayed gastric emptying (GE) after gastric outlet obstruction has been excluded. GP is a debilitating condition affect...
Theorizing Black Women's Experiences with Institution-Sanctioned Violence: A #BlackLivesMatter Imperative toward Black Liberation on Campus.

Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi are the three Black women and founders of #BlackLivesMatter (BLM). Despite being founded by Black women, public discourses about BLM often foreground...
Capacity of Single-Server Single-Message Private Information Retrieval with Private Coded Side Information

We study the problem of single-server single-message Private Information Retrieval with Private Coded Side Information (PIR-PCSI). In this problem, there is a server that stores a database, and a user who knows a random linear combination of a random subset of messages in the database. The number of messages contributing to the user’s side information is known to the server a priori, whereas the indices and the coefficients of these messages are unknown to the server a priori. The user wants to retrieve a message from the server, while protecting the identities of both the demand message and the side information messages.Depending on whether the demand is part of the coded side information or not, we consider two different models for the problem. For the model in which the demand does not contribute to the side information, we prove a lower bound on the minimum download cost for all (linear and non-linear) PIR schemes; and for the model wherein the demand is one of the messages contributing to the side information, we prove a lower bound for all scalar-linear PIR protocols. In addition, we propose novel PIR protocols that achieve these lower bounds.
Analysis of Aurora B Kinase in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.

Aurora B kinase is one of the key regulators of mitosis and has been reported to be over-expressed in a various malignancies including acute myelogenous leukemia; however, expression of Aurora B in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and its role in lymphoma genesis remain to be fully elucidated. This study explored the levels of Aurora B in seventy four lymph nodes and tumor specimens excised operatively from individuals with various types of NHLs including diffuse large B cell lymphoma (n=22, DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (n=12, FL), Burkitt’s lymphoma (n=10, BL), mantle cell lymphoma (n=4, MCL), mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (n=4, MALT), adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (n=11, ATL), peripheral T-cell lymphoma (n=8, PTCL), and Hodgkin’s lymphoma (n=3, HL). Immunohistochemical examination found that DLBCL (11/22, 50 %) and BL (8/10, 80 %) cells highly (percentage of positive cells, >20 %) expressed Aurora B in their nucleus. On the other hand, FL (11/12, 92 %), MCL (1/4, 25 %), and MALT (1/4, 25 %) cells slightly (percentage of positive cells, 5–20 %) expressed Aurora B and none of them, except for one case of FL, highly expressed this protein kinase, suggesting that expression of Aurora B correlated with histological grade in B cell NHLs ( p =0.0004). We next examined whether Aurora B could be a molecular target for treatment of NHLs utilizing BALM-14, -18, and -27, Daudi, Ramos, and Raji Burkitt’s lymphoma/leukemia cells. Exposure of these cells to AZD1152, a selective inhibitor of Aurora B kinase, potently induced apoptosis in association with activation of caspase 3, as measured by annexin V staining and Western blot analysis, respectively. Moreover, we found that AZD1152 synergistically enhanced the effects of vincristine (VCR), a tubulin depolymerizing agent, to induce growth arrest and apoptosis of these cells. Further experiments found that VCR increased levels of the phosphorylated forms of Aurora B (p-Aurora B) via activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which was blocked in the presence of AZD1152 in BALM-27 cells. Taken together, Aurora B kinase is a promising molecular target for treatment of individuals with aggressive types of NHLs. The combined administration of AZD1152 and the conventional chemotherapeutic agents to patients with NHL warrants further investigation.
Mindfulness, sleep, and post-traumatic stress in long-haul truck drivers.

Background The high stress culture and demands associated with long-haul truck driving place truckers at risk for mental health and sleep disorders, and thereby, increased risk for accidents, injuries, and fatality. Hours-of-service regulations have proven insufficient as a stand-alone intervention to protect the welfare of long-haul truckers, impacting those working in the industry and those sharing our nation's roads. Interventions to increase mindfulness have been used across occupational and personal domains to improve sleep quality, mental health, awareness of the environment, and reaction time. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between sleep, mental health, health care utilization, and mindfulness in long-haul truck drivers in the United States. Methods Participants (N = 140) were recruited to complete a web-based survey. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and regression analysis were used to examine variables of interest. Results Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptomology and daytime sleepiness predicted mental health care utilization in the past year. Mindfulness was inversely correlated with PTSD symptomology, however in the full regression model, mindfulness failed to predict mental health care utilization. Conclusions Occupational health professionals should utilize mindfulness screenings as an adjunctive component to traditional mental health screenings and refer drivers for advanced care as appropriate.