cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Charge transfer electronic effects on chemically modified Mo(100) surfaces

Abstract The surface Mo atom oxidation states for a series of chemically modified Mo(100) surfaces have been measured by XPS. The surface adsorbates used were boron, carbon, oxygen and carbon monoxide. For partially oxidized Mo(100) surfaces, a range of oxidation states (1.2 to 4.0) are observed for the coverage range 0.3 to 1.4 ML of oxygen. The results suggest that an atomic oxygen chemisorbed phase exists at coverages below one monolayer. Above one monolayer, a surface oxide layer is formed. Surface modification by near monolayer amounts of boron, oxygen, carbon and a mixed oxy-carbon adlayer showed that the Mo oxidation states are linearly dependent on the adatom electronegativity. Linearity implies a direct relation between the extent of charge transfer from the metal and the modifier electronegativity. The presence of electronically deficient acidic surface sites on chemically modified Mo(100) is demonstrated by the XPS core level shifts.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREFERENCE FOR RED AND LOCUS OF CONTROL

The validity of the assumptions about the color red in the Luscher color theory were examined by correlating preference for red to locus of control and sex. Undergraduates (100 men and 100 women) who scored or = 16 on the Rotter Internal-External Locus of Control Scale were administered the short form of the Luscher Color Test. Consistent with the assumptions by Luscher about the color red, the analysis of variance showed that Internal scorers preferred red significantly more than External scorers, but no sex difference was found.
Development of Scales to Assess Homeownership Consumption and Investment Attitudes

A method to measure homeowners' housing consumption and investment atti tudes was developed. Dimensions in the consumption scale were space, tenure, structure, quality, and neighborhood. The investment scale included tax ben efits, equity, rate of return, leverage, and risk. Personal variables (income, social status, homeownership experience, investment experience, and parents' invest ment experience) were hypothesized to have an effect on overall consumption and investment attitudes. Thirty-five Likert-ranked statements were used for each scale. The data were collected by mail survey from 222 homeowners in Linn County, Oregon. Reliability was determined by item-analysis and Cronbach alpha (Consumption Attitude Scale = 0.71273, Investment Attitude Scale = 0.68323). A positive linear correlation between the two attitude scale mean scores (r= 0.2846, p= 0.001) was found, but the two attitude scales related differently to the personal variables. No significant (p < 0.05) differences in the Homeown ership Consumption Attitude Scale mean scores were explained by the personal variables, while all personal variables except homeownership experience were positively related to Homeownership Investment Attitude Scale mean scores (p < 0.05). In addition, since only seven of the 25 possible dimension pairs between the two scales were positively correlated (p < 0.05), while eight and nine out of ten possible pairs within the investment and consumption scales, respectively, were correlated, the independence of these two attitudes may be theorized. Fur ther work could refine the attitude scale statements and extend the analysis to behavioral intentions, using a wider array of external variables.
Flavor changing Z' couplings at the LHC

Models with a nonuniversal Z{sup '} exhibit in general flavor changing neutral currents at tree-level. When the Z{sup '} couplings favor the third generation, flavor changing transitions of the form Z{sup '}tc and Z{sup '}tu could be large enough to be observable at the LHC. In this paper we explore this possibility using the associated production of a single top-quark with the Z{sup '} and find that integrated luminosities of a few hundred fb{sup -1} are necessary to probe the interesting region of parameter space.
Predicting the Future: How Affect-Related Personality Traits Influence Likelihood Judgments of Future Events:

The authors examine the possibility that personality traits linked to positive and negative affect susceptibilities also influence performance on a mood-sensitive cognitive task: likelihood judgments of possible positive and negative future events. In Study 1, participants (n = 104) filled out personality questionnaires, rated their current mood states, and rated the likelihood that positive and negative future events would occur. Results confirmed the hypothesis that affect-related traits predict likelihood judgments. Moreover, the personality effects were not mediated by current mood states. A second study (n = 81) replicated these personality effects on judgment in the context of manipulated moods (positive, sad, fearful, and neutral). As in Study 1, personality effects on judgment were not mediated by mood states. The authors suggest that the traits of extraversion and neuroticism include stable cognitive structures that can bias judgment in affect-congruent directions.
The Supraclavicular Artery Island Flap (SCAIF) for Head and Neck Reconstruction Surgical Technique and Refinements

ObjectiveWe have found the supraclavicular artery island flap (SCAIF) to be a reliable, first-line tool for the reconstruction of complex head and neck defects. Here, we review our technique of fla...
Detection of primary user's signal in cognitive radio networks: Angle of Arrival based approach

Spectrum sensing is an essential process in cognitive radio networks. The majority of existing sensing approaches aim to detect the existence of a signal on a busy channel without differentiating whether a signal originates from a primary user or not. In this paper, we address this issue and propose to employ an Angle of Arrival (AoA) based sensing approach to effectively distinct a primary user's signal from a secondary user' signal. Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC), a classical AoA algorithm, is selected due to easy implementation and high resolution. Unlike the previous works on AoA based sensing, we thoroughly investigate its sensing performance based on a practical model which captures typical characteristics in cognitive radio networks. Two performance metrics named false alarm probability and miss detection probability are theoretically analyzed. Closed-form analytical expressions are derived for both metrics. Extensive simulations are carried out under various scenarios to evaluate AoA based sensing approach.
Timing-driven placement based on monotone cell ordering constraints

In this paper, we present a new timing-driven placement algorithm, which attempts to minimize zigzags and crisscrosses on the timing-critical paths of a circuit. We observed that most of the paths that cause timing problems in the circuit meander outside the minimum bounding box of the start and end nodes of the path. To limit this undesirable behavior, we impose a physical constraint on the placement problem, i.e., we assign a preferred signal direction to each critical path in the circuit. Starting from an initial placement solution, by using a move-based optimization strategy, these preferred directions force cells to move in a direction that maximizes the monotonic behavior of the timing-critical paths in the new placement solution. To make the direction assignment tractable, we implicitly group all circuit paths into a set of input-output conduits and assign a unique preferred direction to each such conduit. We integrated this idea into a recursive bipartitioning-based placement framework with a min-cut objective function. Experimental results on a set of standard placement benchmarks show that this approach improves the result of a state-of-the-art industrial placement tool for all the benchmark circuits while increasing the wire length by a tolerable amount.
Primal-Dual Affine Scaling Interior Point Methods for Linear Complementarity Problems

A first order affine scaling method and two $m$th order affine scaling methods for solving monotone linear complementarity problems (LCPs) are presented. All three methods produce iterates in a wide neighborhood of the central path. The first order method has $O(nL^2(\lognL^2) (\log\lognL^2))$ iteration complexity. If the LCP admits a strict complementary solution, then both the duality gap and the iteration sequence converge superlinearly with Q-order two. If $m=\Omega(\log(\sqrt{n}L))$, then both higher order methods have $O(\sqrt{n})L$ iteration complexity. The Q-order of convergence of one of the methods is $(m+1)$ for problems that admit a strict complementarity solution, while the Q-order of convergence of the other method is $(m+1)/2$ for general monotone LCPs.
Novel photochemical reactions of enamino ketones

Abstract Irradiation of the conjugated N-aryl enamino ketone (V) yielded the indole (VI) resulting from a novel decomposition of the ylide intermediate.
African American perspectives and informal science educational experiences

This qualitative study examined the perspectives of African American parents as it pertained to informal science education. The following questions guided this study: (1) What are the desires of African American parents/guardians with respect to informal science programs and experiences for their children?; (2) What happens in Jordan Academy, an enrichment program that has successfully recruited African American students?; and (3) What are the African American parents'/guardians' opinions of the program? We inductively and deductively analyzed classroom observations; academy curriculum; photos and videotaped class sessions students' written responses to open-ended items on the program's evaluation; and teachers' and parents' responses to semistructured, audio-recorded interviews. We viewed the analysis results from Boykin's Black cultural ethos (BCE). We further interpreted the study's findings from a critical sociocultural perspective that employed a model synthesized from Cole's cultural-historical framework, Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, and Boykin's triple quandary. Results indicated that most of the African American parents' desires and opinions align with seven of the nine dimensions of Boykin's BCE. The parents' opinions highlight the potential impact of culture on parental choice to enroll their children into an informal science program. The study has important implications for practices within and research on informal science education. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed93: 293–321, 2009
National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) report: Data summary for 2006 through 2008, issued December 2009

This report is a summary of device-associated and procedure-associated module data collected and reported by hospitals participating in the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) from January 2006 through December 2007 as reported to the NHSN by March 24, 2008. This report updates previously published device-associated module data from NHSN and surgical site infection (SSI) rate data from the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system. The NHSN was established in 2005 to integrate and supersede 3 legacy surveillance systems at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): the NNIS system, the Dialysis Surveillance Network (DSN), and the National Surveillance System for Healthcare Workers (NaSH). Similar to the NNIS system, NHSN facilities voluntarily report their health care-associated infection (HAI) surveillance data for aggregation into a single national database for the following purposes:
Observation of a nonlinear mode in a cylindrical Fabry–Perot cavity

We report what is believed to be the first observation of a nonlinear mode in a cylindrical nonlinear Fabry-Perot cavity. The field enhancement from cavity buildup, as well as the large chi((3)) optical nonlinearity that is due to resonantly excited (85)Rb vapor, allows the nonlinear mode to form at low incident optical powers of less than 1 mW. The mode is observed to occur for both self-focusing and self-defocusing nonlinearity.
Manipulation of pathway regulation in Streptomyces globisporus for overproduction of the enediyne antitumor antibiotic C-1027

Manipulation of pathway regulation is an efficient strategy to increase specific secondary metabolite production. In this study, we successfully improved the production of both the enediyne antitumor antibiotic C-1027 and a heptaene, an early metabolite of the C-1027 pathway, by manipulating the three regulatory genes, sgcR1, sgcR2 and sgcR3, within the C-1027 biosynthetic gene cluster. SgcR3 has previously been established as an activator, and we now propose that SgcR1 and SgcR2 are also positive regulators based on their upregulation effects on titer and/or timing of heptaene and C-1027 production in Streptomyces globisporus. Specifically, overexpression of sgcR1 significantly improved the production of heptaene (about fivefold) and C-1027 (two- to threefold) compared with the wild-type strain. However, the titers of heptaene and C-1027 were not increased by overexpressing all the three activators together, underscoring the complexity of C-1027 biosynthetic pathway regulation. The possibility of exploiting the heptaene as a readily identifiable and unique indicator for rapidly detecting enediyne production was also assessed.
Diffusion of walkers with persistent velocities.

We describe some properties for a phenomenological model of superdiffusion based on a generalization of the persistent random walk in one dimension to continuous time. The time spent moving to either increasing or decreasing x is characterized by a fractal-time pausing time density, \ensuremath{\psi}(t)\ensuremath{\sim}${\mathit{T}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}$/${\mathit{t}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}+1}$, with 12. For this system it is shown that asymptotically p(0,t)\ensuremath{\sim}1/${\mathit{t}}^{1/\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}$. The form of the profile is shown to be Gaussian near the peak and to fall off like ${\mathit{tx}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}(1+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}})}$ near the tails, and the survival probability is asymptotically proportional to exp(-Bt/${\mathit{L}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}$). These results are confirmed by numerical calculations based on the method of exact enumeration.
Electrolocation and jamming avoidance in a Hypopygus (Rhamphichthyidae, Gymnotoidei), an electric fish with pulse-type discharges

Hypopygus fires its electric organ in short pulses of less than 1 msec duration, at a variable rate between 60 and 100 Hz. While resting, the animal hovers near electrically detectable objects and follows their motions. This “electromotor” response is exploited to measure performance in electrolocation as a function of object size (Figs. 1, 2).Hypopygus pays particular attention to sensory feedback associated with its own discharges. It briefly raises its rate of discharge in response to sudden changes in feedback. Such changes, for example, are caused by extrinsic pulses which briefly precede or coincide with its own discharges (Figs. 3–5). In addition, electrolocation deteriorates when extrinsic pulses of sufficient intensity continually interfere with its own discharges in this manner, whereas non interfering pulses of comparable intensity have no adverse effect (Fig. 6). By modulating its frequency of discharge the animal avoids long sequences of coincidences between its discharges and trains of extrinsic pulses (Figs. 7,9). By only “listening” to sensations associated with its own discharges,Hypopygus appears to be able to electrolocate in the near presence of conspecifics. It remains unknown how the animal distinguishes feedback from its own discharges against sensations caused by extrinsic pulses.
Simplified esthetic root extrusion techniques

Abstract A modified technique of root extrusion is described. Emphasis is placed on chair-time efficiency, patient comfort, and esthetics during treatment. Case selection and alternative methods of therapy are discussed.
Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase: its purification and application.

Abstract A method is described for the partial purification from calf liver of galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase which catalyzes the reaction: uridine diphosphoglucose + α-galactose-1-phosphate ⇌ uridine diphosphogalactose + α-glucose-1-phosphate. Preparations of the enzyme purified in this manner can be used for the quantitative determination of galactose-1-phosphate; this constitutes the first sensitive and specific assay for this ester.
Cyberbulling and game models (abstract only)

The incidence of cyberbullying has been on the increase as more young people are spending time socializing online. Cyberbullying manifests itself through the sending of embarrassing pictures, mean-spirited text messages, emails and/or postings on social media. Technology has exacerbated the problem by allowing bullying to be accomplished easily and anonymously. The problem of cyberbulling has been brought at the forefront of many colleges and high schools because it is spreading. Indeed, studies show that 39% of social network users have been victims of cyberbulling, compared with 22% of online teens who do not use social networks. Additionally, 88% of teens using social media say they have witness an instance of cyberbulling. Victims of cyberbullying experience negative emotional, physical and social consequences, sometimes leading to the victim's suicide.This module aims at increasing students' awareness of cyberbulling while introducing game theory. Game theory is used to model the bully and the victim and exposes the student to various 2-player models (zero-sum, predator-prey, Nash equilibrium) and strategies that produce the best outcome. This module will be 6 to 9 hours long and will present a definition of cyberbullying, statistics about its prevalence, and research done to prevent and deter cyberbullying. Next, concepts of game theory relevant to modeling a cyberbully and their victim, as 2x2 games, actions, payoffs will be introduced. As regards to learning objectives, it is anticipated that students, who complete this module, will be able to use simulation software to model various game strategies to represent a cyberbullying situation.
Centered but not Caught in the Middle: Stepchildren's Perceptions of Dialectical Contradictions in the Communication of Co-Parents

The researchers adopted a dialectical perspective to study how stepchildren experience and communicatively manage the perception of feeling caught in the middle between their parents who are living in different households. The metaphor of being caught in the middle is powerful for stepchildren and this metaphor animated their discourse. A central contribution of the present study was to understand the alternative to being caught in the middle and what this alternative means to stepchildren. Reflected in the discourse of stepchildren is that to feel not caught in the middle is to feel centered in the family. Stepchildren's desire to be centered in the family was animated by the dialectic of freedom–constraint, which co-existed within the contradictions of openness–closedness and control–restraint. These contradictions are detailed in the analysis, along with advice to parents from the perspective of stepchildren. Implications for the interaction of stepchildren and their parents are discussed.
The Effects of a Self-Monitoring Process on College Students' Learning in an Introductory Statistics Course

Abstract Sixty-nine graduate students enrolled in a statistics class participated in this study, which investigated the effects of self-monitoring on learning and attitudes toward learning. With protocols designed for this study, subjects in a self-monitoring condition recorded frequency and intensity of their learning activities and rated self-efficacy of solving statistical problems. Subjects in an instructor-monitoring condition evaluated the instruction provided in the class. Subjects in a control condition took the course without any research activity. Scores obtained from class examinations and attitude inventories were the dependent variables. As predicted, the self-monitoring group performed better than did the instructor-monitoring and control groups. No attitude difference was found. Implications for teaching graduate-level statistics are discussed, and future research on self-monitoring is suggested.
The interplanetary Internet

Architectural design of the interplanetary internet is now underway and prototype flight testing of some of the candidate protocols is anticipated within a year. This talk will describe the current status of the project.
A novel approach for the structural identification and monitoring of a full-scale 17-story building based on ambient vibration measurements

For reliable and practical application of structural health monitoring approaches in conjunction with dense sensor arrays deployed on 'smart' systems, there is a need to develop and evaluate alternate strategies for efficient problem decomposition to rapidly and accurately determine the occurrence, location and level of small changes in the underlying structural characteristics of a monitored system based on its vibrational signature. Furthermore, there is also a need to quantify the level of uncertainties in the identified system characteristics so as to have a measurable level of confidence in the parameters to be relied on for the detection of genuine changes (damage) in the monitored system. This study presents the results of two time-domain identification techniques applied to a full-scale 17-story building, based on ambient vibration measurements. The Factor building is a steel frame structure located on the UCLA campus. This building was instrumented permanently with a dense array of 72-channel accelerometers, and the acceleration data are being continuously recorded. The first identification method used in this study is the NExT/ERA, which is regarded as a global (or centralized) approach, since it deals with the global dynamic properties of the structure. The second method is a time-domain identification technique for chain-like MDOF systems. Since in this method the identification of each link of the chain is performed independently, it is regarded as a local (or decentralized) identification methodology. For the same reason, this method can be easily adopted for large-scale sensor network architectures in which the centralized approaches are not feasible due to massive storage, power, bandwidth and computational requirements. To have a statistically meaningful results, 50 days of recorded data are considered in this study. The modal parameter and chain identification procedures are performed over time windows of 2 h each and with 50% overlap. Using the NExT/ERA method, 12 dominant modes of the building were identified. It was observed that variations in the frequency estimation are relatively small; the coefficient of variation is about 1–2% for most of the estimated modal frequencies. Chain system identification was successfully implemented using the output-only data acquired from the Factor building. Probability distributions of the estimated coefficients of displacement and velocity terms in the interstory restoring functions (which are the mass-normalized local stiffness and damping values) that were found based on the chain system identification are presented. The variability of the estimated parameters due to temperature fluctuations is investigated. It is shown that there is a strong correlation between the modal frequency variations and the temperature variations in a 24 h period.
Enhancement of adherence to tricyclic antidepressants by computerized supervision

An on-line computer program to enhance drug adherence is described for individuals receiving tricyclic antidepressant treatment for depression. Because supervision is important in increasing adherence, a computer program was designed to provide this service and to intervene in particular adherence problem areas, such as comprehending the prescription, managing side effects, and altering negative cognitions about medications. An evaluation study of the pro-gram is presented.
The growth and survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on minced bison and pieces of bison meat stored at 5 and 10°C.

Abstract This study investigated the growth and survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on minced and whole pieces of bison meat. Growth curves of native microflora, including Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacteriaceae were also generated. A marked E. coli O157:H7 strain was inoculated onto minced and whole pieces of bison meat at an initial level of 1.5 log10 cfu g−1. The inoculated meat was stored at either 5 °C for 28 days or 10 °C for 21 days. Survival, but no growth, of E. coli O157:H7 was observed on both forms of bison meat stored at 5 °C, while significant growth of the organism was observed at 10 °C. E. coli O157:H7 counts on whole pieces were generally higher than counts observed on minced bison meat, and reached their highest population by 14 days, with a total increase of 3.36 log10 cfu g−1 on whole pieces and 2.12 log10 cfu g−1on minced bison meat stored at 10 °C. Under the same storage temperature, Pseudomonas spp. and total counts displayed similar growth patterns on both pieces and minced bison meat, while the Enterobacteriaceae showed a slower growth rate. This study showed that the growth of E. coli O157:H7 on bison meat is similar to that observed in studies of beef.
Effects of N-acetyl glucosamine on platelet aggregation

Abstract N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG) alone did not aggregate platelets but in low concentrations shortened the delay phase of the Staphylococcus aureus induced platelet aggregation in a concentration dependent manner, which suggests that NAG may be one of the components of the S. aureus cell wall responsible for platelet aggregation. NAG, on the other hand, inhibited collagen induced platelet aggregation and the secondary platelet aggregation induced by epinephrine and ADP. This inhibition appears to be due to impurities that occur at higher levels in some NAG lots than in others. NAG has also been shown to decrease the length of time before the release of ATP from platelets when S. aureus is the aggregating agent.
The role of environmental management systems in the Canadian Voluntary Climate and Challenge Registry

This study evaluates the Canadian Voluntary Climate and Challenge Registry (VCR), an important policy in Canada's approach to climate change during the 1990s. First, we relate the set of practices prescribed under the VCR to the well-established Plan-Do-Check-Act framework of environmental management systems (EMSs). We then examine VCR adoption and find that firms with past experience with management systems and firms in provinces with different legal, economic and institutional factors were more likely to adopt VCR. We do not find, however, EMS adopters under the VCR had significantly different GHG releases than non-adopters in the immediate years after the VCR programme ended.
Toe extensor weakness resulting from trivial athletic trauma Report of three unusual cases

Three patients exhibited variable weakness of toe extensors after trivial injuries. The first patient suffered an acute, partial anterior compartment syndrome during a prolonged motorbike ride; the second a traction injury of the deep peroneal nerve while slipping during a racquetball game. The third patient developed a compression injury of the peroneal nerve on the basis of a generalized demyelinating polyneuropathy. The major clues for diagnosis and management came from electromyographic (EMG) examination.
Comment on "When is Hamilton's Principle an Extremum Principle?"

References 1 Smith, D. R. and Smith, C. V., Jr., "When is Hamilton's Principle an Extremum Principle?" AIAA Journal, Vol. 12, Nov. 1974, pp. 1573-76. Hamilton, W. R., "On a General Method in Dynamics," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 124, 1934, pp. 247-308. Hamilton, W. R., "Second Essay on a General Method in Dynamics," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 125, 1835, pp. 95-144. Yourgrau, W. and Mandelstam, S., Variational Principles in Dynamics and Quantum Theory, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1968,3rd. ed. Bailey, C. D., "A New Look at Hamilton's Principle," Foundations of Physics Vol. 5, No. 3, Sept. 1975, pp. 433-451. Bailey, C. D., "Application of Hamilton's Law of Varying Action," AIAA Journal, Vol. 13, to be published. Bailey, C. D., "The Method of Ritz Applied to the Equation of Hamilton," Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 2,1976, to be published. Bailey, C. D., "Exact and Direct Analytical Solutions to Vibrating Systems with Discontinuities," Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 44, No. 1, Jan., 1976, to be published. Bailey, C. D., "Hamilton, Ritz and Elastodynamics," ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, to be published.
Tonsillectomy and breast cancer risk in the Western New York Diet Study.

Objectives Exposures during early life may affect risk of breast cancer. History of tonsillectomy has recently been associated with risk of several cancers, including cancer of the breast.
Neural androgen receptor regulation: Effects of androgen and antiandrogen

Androgens exert profound effects on the organization and function of the central nervous system. These effects are mediated by the androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor. The mechanisms of AR regulation in neural tissue, however, remain to be fully elucidated. Characterizing this process can provide important information regarding receptor function and AR gene regulation in the brain. Previously, it was shown that testosterone (T) up-regulated neural AR in a dose-dependent manner in both male and female mice. In the present study, whether AR was differentially regulated by the natural agonists T and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or the nonsteroidal antagonist flutamide (FLU) was assessed. Males were gonadectomized and AR levels were allowed to decline to baseline 3 days after surgery. Changes in AR protein content produced by the various treatments were measured by semiquantitative Western blot of limbic system extracts. Treatment with T or DHT significantly augmented AR 3 and 7 h after hormone administration, but only DHT sustained this increase for 21 h. This difference also was observed when males were given T plus finasteride (FIN, a 5alpha reductase inhibitor). The findings demonstrate that the two endogenous ligands have differential time course effects on neural AR. The antiandrogen FLU failed to up-regulate AR at doses up to 100 times higher than T or DHT. When administered concomitantly with T or DHT, it effectively inhibited the augmentation of AR normally seen 3 h after androgen treatment. While immunohistochemical studies showed that FLU was able to promote nuclear translocation of AR, Western analysis revealed that FLU, in contrast to T and DHT, failed to maintain the integrity of AR. The results demonstrate that (a) the endogenous androgens T and DHT regulate AR differently, suggesting a potential cellular mechanism that may contribute to the difference in neural target gene sensitivity to these androgens; (b) up-regulation of AR occurs only in the presence of agonists; (c) the mechanism of action of FLU in the brain involves inhibition of AR protein up-regulation normally seen in response to androgen; and (d) FLU promotes AR nuclear translocation but not augmentation of cellular AR populations. These findings demonstrate that in vivo AR regulation in the brain basically parallels mechanisms proposed from results obtained with transfected cells and cell lines.
An investigation into the reliability of planar transistors

This paper describes and interprets high temperature ageing data on several lots of 2N929 n-p-n planar transistors. The history of the tests and results obtained are described, followed by a speculative mechanistic interpretation which supports the conclusion that degradation transistor failure occurs as a result of an adsorption mechanism at the semiconductor-oxide interface.
Global parametrization of feedback systems

For unity-feedback systems with a plant P and controller C, we show that, given a linear or nonlinear stable P, the class of all controllers stabilizing the feedback system is globally parametrized by a stable map Q. We also show how Q is useful in studying the effects of modeling errors on the stability.
Baryons with Ginsparg-Wilson quarks in a staggered sea

We determine the masses and magnetic moments of the octet baryons in chiral perturbation theory formulated for a mixed lattice action of Ginsparg-Wilson valence quarks and staggered sea quarks. Taste-symmetry breaking does not occur at next-to-leading order in the combined lattice spacing and chiral expansion. Expressions derived for masses and magnetic moments are required for addressing lattice artifacts in mixed-action simulations of these observables.
Novel song-stimulated dendritic spine formation and Arc/Arg3.1 expression in zebra finch auditory telencephalon are disrupted by cannabinoid agonism

Abstract Cannabinoids are well-established to alter processes of sensory perception; however neurophysiological mechanisms responsible remain unclear. Arc, an immediate-early gene (IEG) product involved in dendritic spine dynamics and necessary for plasticity changes such as long-term potentiation, is rapidly induced within zebra finch caudal medial nidopallium (NCM) following novel song exposure, a response that habituates after repeated stimuli. Arc appears unique in its rapid postsynaptic dendritic expression following excitatory input. Previously, we found that vocal development-altering cannabinoid treatments are associated with elevated dendritic spine densities in motor-(HVC) and learning-related (Area X) song regions of zebra finch telencephalon. Given Arc's dendritic morphological role, we hypothesized that cannabinoid-altered spine densities may involve Arc-related signaling. To test this, we examined the ability of the cannabinoid agonist WIN55212-2 (WIN) to (1) acutely disrupt song-induced Arc expression, (2) interfere with habituation to auditory stimuli, and (3) alter dendritic spine densities in auditory regions. We found that WIN (3 mg/kg) acutely reduced Arc expression within both NCM and Field L2 in an antagonist-reversible manner. WIN did not alter Arc expression in thalamic auditory relay nucleus ovoidalis (Ov), suggesting that cannabinoid signaling selectively alters responses to auditory stimulation. Novel song stimulation rapidly increased dendritic spine densities within auditory telencephalon, an effect blocked by WIN pretreatments. Taken together, cannabinoid inhibition of both Arc induction and its habituation to repeated stimuli, combined with prevention of rapid increases in dendritic spine densities, implicates cannabinoid signaling in modulation of physiological processes important to auditory responsiveness and memory.
On some misinterpretations of the instantaneous reactive power p-q theory

The main features of the instantaneous reactive power (IRP) p-q theory, considered as a power theory of three-phase systems, are analyzed in this paper using the theory of the currents' physical components (CPC). This analysis shows that the p and q powers are not associated with separate power phenomena, but with multiple phenomena. Moreover, the results of the IRP p-q theory contradict some common interpretations of power phenomena in three-phase circuits. Namely, according to the IRP p-q Theory the instantaneous reactive current can occur even if a load has zero reactive power, Q. Similarly, the instantaneous active current can occur even if a load has zero active power, P. Moreover, these two currents in circuits with a sinusoidal supply voltage can be nonsinusoidal even if there is no source of current distortion in the load. The analysis shows that a pair of values of instantaneous active and reactive p and q powers does not enable us to draw any conclusion with respect to the power properties of three-phase unbalanced loads even in a sinusoidal situation. Thus, the instantaneous reactive power p-q theory does not identify power properties of such loads instantaneously. This conclusion may have an importance for control algorithms of active power filters. The paper reveals the relationship between the p and q powers and the active, reactive and unbalanced powers, P, Q, and D and specifies the required energy storage capability of active power filters operated under sinusoidal unbalanced conditions.
Does Information Really Want to be Free? Indigenous Knowledge Systems and the Question of Openness

The “information wants to be free” meme was born some 20 years ago from the free and open source software development community. In the ensuing decades, information freedom has merged with debates over open access, digital rights management, and intellectual property rights. More recently, as digital heritage has become a common resource, scholars, activists, technologists, and local source communities have generated critiques about the extent of information freedom. This article injects both the histories of collecting and the politics of information circulation in relation to indigenous knowledge into this debate by looking closely at the history of the meme and its cultural and legal underpinnings. This approach allows us to unpack the meme’s normalized assumptions and gauge whether it is applicable across a broad range of materials and cultural variances.
Modeling the functional consequences of single residue replacements in bacteriophage f1 gene V protein

A computational mutagenesis methodology utilizing a four-body, knowledge-based, statistical contact potential is applied toward globally quantifying relative environmental perturbations (residual scores) in bacteriophage f1 gene V protein (GVP) due to single amino acid substitutions. We show that residual scores correlate well with experimentally measured relative changes in protein function upon mutation. Residual scores also distinguish between GVP amino acid positions grouped according to protein structural or functional roles or based on similarities in physicochemical characteristics. For each mutant, the in silico mutagenesis additionally yields local measures of environmental change (EC scores) occurring at every residue position (residual profile) relative to the native protein. Implementation of the random forest (RF) algorithm, utilizing experimental GVP mutants whose feature vector components include EC scores at the mutated position and at six structurally nearest neighbors, correctly classifies mutants based on function with up to 77% cross-validation accuracy while achieving 0.82 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. A control experiment highlights the effectiveness of mutant feature vector signals, and a variety of learning curves are generated to analyze the impact of GVP mutant data set size on performance measures. An optimally trained RF model is subsequently used for inferring function for all the remaining unexplored GVP mutants.
Reconfigurable Asynchronous Logic

Challenges in mapping asynchronous logic to a flexible substrate include developing a balance between circuit-level flexibility, mapping complexity, and logic overhead. We have developed a reconfigurable dataflow architecture that addresses these challenges, and have also created the necessary synthesis flow required to map designs to the architecture. The architecture exploits some of the unique features of asynchronous logic, and attains a performance that significantly exceeds previous asynchronous FPGAs.
Adolescent Masculinity, Homophobia, and Violence Random School Shootings, 1982-2001

Since 1982, there have been 28 cases of random school shootings in American high schools and middle schools. The authors find (a) that the shootings were not a national problem but a series of local problems that occurred in “red states” or counties (places that voted Republican in the 2000 election); (b) that most of the boys who opened fire were mercilessly and routinely teased and bullied and that their violence was retaliatory against the threats to manhood; (c) that White boys in particular might be more likely than African American boys to randomly open fire; and (d) that the specific content of the teasing and bullying is homophobia. A link between adolescent masculinity, homophobia, and violence is proposed. Finally, the authors offer a few possible explanations as to how most boys who are teased and bullied achieve the psychological resilience that enables them to weather adolescence without recourse to random school violence.
Reliability of MRI-derived measurements of human cerebral cortical thickness: the effects of field strength, scanner upgrade and manufacturer.

In vivo MRI-derived measurements of human cerebral cortex thickness are providing novel insights into normal and abnormal neuroanatomy, but little is known about their reliability. We investigated how the reliability of cortical thickness measurements is affected by MRI instrument-related factors, including scanner field strength, manufacturer, upgrade and pulse sequence. Several data processing factors were also studied. Two test–retest data sets were analyzed: 1) 15 healthy older subjects scanned four times at 2-week intervals on three scanners; 2) 5 subjects scanned before and after a major scanner upgrade. Within-scanner variability of global cortical thickness measurements was <0.03 mm, and the point-wise standard deviation of measurement error was approximately 0.12 mm. Variability was 0.15 mm and 0.17 mm in average, respectively, for cross-scanner (Siemens/GE) and cross-field strength (1.5 T/3 T) comparisons. Scanner upgrade did not increase variability nor introduce bias. Measurements across field strength, however, were slightly biased (thicker at 3 T). The number of (single vs. multiple averaged) acquisitions had a negligible effect on reliability, but the use of a different pulse sequence had a larger impact, as did different parameters employed in data processing. Sample size estimates indicate that regional cortical thickness difference of 0.2 mm between two different groups could be identified with as few as 7 subjects per group, and a difference of 0.1 mm could be detected with 26 subjects per group. These results demonstrate that MRI-derived cortical thickness measures are highly reliable when MRI instrument and data processing factors are controlled but that it is important to consider these factors in the design of multi-site or longitudinal studies, such as clinical drug trials.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Ischemic Heart Disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in the adult population in the United States. Imaging is an essential component of the management of CAD, providing both diagnostic and prognostic information. This review provides an overview of the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in the evaluation of ischemia in both acute and chronic settings. The authors compare CMR imaging with other imaging modalities, highlighting the advantages and opportunities of CMR imaging, as well as limitations.
Quercetin sensitizes cells in a tumour-like low pH environment to hyperthermia

Quercetin has been shown to act as a hyperthermia sensitizer by inhibiting the synthesis of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in a variety of tumour cell lines. It is most effective under conditions of low pH. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that quercetin suppresses thermotolerance development in cells adapted to growth at low pH and renders them as responsive as acutely acidified cells to hyperthermia-induced cytotoxicity. Chinese hamster ovarian carcinoma cells (OvCa) were exposed to 42 degrees C hyperthermia and/or quercetin (50-200 mm) at their growth pH of either 7.3 or 6.7 or after acute acidification from 7.3 to 6.7. Thermotolerance development was measured by colony survival. HSP70 synthesis and total protein synthesis were measured by radioactive precursor pulse labelling techniques. Quercetin, in a concentration-dependent manner, reduced the rate of total protein synthesis and increased cytotoxicity equally after acute acidification to pH 6.7 or growth at pH 6.7 at 37 degrees C, and to a greater extent than it did in cells at pH 7.3. At 42 degrees C, 100 mm quercetin inhibited total protein synthesis, HSP70 synthesis and thermotolerance development to a similar extent in cells grown at pH 6.7 or acutely acidified to pH 6.7. In contrast, quercetin reduced but did not completely inhibit HSP70 synthesis and thermotolerance development in cells grown and heated at pH 7.3. These results support the hypothesis that quercetin can specifically reduce thermotolerance development in tumour cells adapted to growth at pHe 6.7 so that they respond similarly to acutely acidified cells. Since many tumours are adapted to growth at low pH and may resist a wide variety of therapeutic modalities, inhibition of thermotolerance expression by quercetin may not only enhance the response to hyperthermia but the response to commonly used therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation.
Power evaluation of disease clustering tests

Background Many different test statistics have been proposed to test for spatial clustering. Some of these statistics have been widely used in various applications. In this paper, we use an existing collection of 1,220,000 simulated benchmark data, generated under 51 different clustering models, to compare the statistical power of several disease clustering tests. These tests are Besag-Newell's R, Cuzick-Edwards' k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), the spatial scan statistic, Tango's Maximized Excess Events Test (MEET), Swartz' entropy test, Whittemore's test, Moran's I and a modification of Moran's I.
A. STRUCTURE INFORMATIONAMORPHOUS SOLID FORMATION AND INTERSTITIAL SOLUTION BEHAVIOR IN METALLIC ALLOY SYSTEMS

Models for the melt ++ amorphous solid transition and for the structure of amorphous solids in metallic systems will be reviewed. Experience suggests that the tendency toward formation of metallic glasses is greatest in systems composed mainly of noble or certain transition metals (A) admixed with smaller amounts of certain metalloidal or electropositive elements (B). Often the formation of the liquid states of these AB alloys is accompanied by heat evolution, excess entropy of mixing or some volume contraction. The effects of composition on alloy glass forming tendency will be discussed in view of these data and in terms of the structural models alluded to. We note also that the occurrence of ultra-fast impurity diffusion is in alloys where a B type element is the crystalline host and an A type element is the impurity. Experience shows quite conclusively that this rapid transport is effected primarily by interstitial type defects, which must, contrary to the empirical atom size ratio rules for solution behavior, be constituted by substantial proportions of the A component. The recent internal friction studies of Turner and associates suggest that in the lead-noble metal systems the defects have off-center interstitial configurations. We suggest that this interstitial solution behavior may stem from the same type of A-B interactions which are responsible for the strong glass forming tendency in alloys where A is the host. These interactions will be discussed in view of current correlations of alloying behavior. Introduction. Alloys formed by composing (A), noble and some transition (those with nearly full d shells) metals, with (B), the more electropositive elements, frequently exhibit unusual glass forming and diffusion behavior. In particular, alloys in which A is the major constituent exhibit strong glass forming tendencies while metals of the B group often are hosts for ultra-fast diffusion of A impurities. These rather different types of behavior actually may stem from similar A-B interactions. In this paper metallic glass formation and ultra-fast diffusion will be surveyed with particular emphasis on their interrelation and the problems which the A-B interactions seem to pose for alloy theory. We begin by reviewing the models for the structure and formation of amorphous