cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of blade-tip shape on the doctoring step in gravure printing processes

A fundamental limit to the gravure printing process is in the doctoring step, in which a residual film defines the lower bound on allowable feature size. The resolution of finer features requires thin residual films, but these thin films increase the likelihood of wearing the doctor blades. A computational model was used to study the effect of blade-tip shape on residual film thickness while also minimizing the likelihood of wear. The blade-tip shape is altered by varying the bevel angles and the predicted film thickness is computed under various wiping speeds, configurations, and applied forces. In all cases studied, a slower wiping speed resulted in a thinner residual film, which is due to the doctoring step being governed by elastohydrodynamic lubrication. In some cases, a reversal of the wiping configuration created a thinner film, but it had no impact on the likelihood of wearing. Higher applied force leads to thinner residual film but the blade shape can have a more significant influence, indicating that lubrication forces dominate at this scale. Lastly, the likelihood of blade wear was predicted to vary within a small range for a fixed blade-tip shape over all conditions studied, which suggests that tip shape is the primary factor to consider when minimizing blade wear.
Urinary Lithiasis in Children Due to Idiopathic Hypercalciuria (Report of Two Cases)

The incidence of urolithiasis in infants and children varies from one part of the world to another. It seems that Mediterranian countries have a higher incidence than other countriesi.1
CERES NetSec: hands-on network security tutorials

The current workforce cybersecurity skills gap has reached a critical level. Rapidly increasing the number of personnel well-trained in cybersecurity will require a multi-pronged and concerted effort by most nations. A best-practice in cybersecurity education is the use of hands-on exercises. We have successfully used a hands-on tutorial-style approach to teaching cybersecurity skills. Preparing these hands-on tutorials requires significant time and resources. In this article, we describe eight free hands-on Network Security tutorials. The tutorials are: Encryption with OpenSSL, Firewall Management, Network Firewalls, NMap and NetCat, Wireshark, Vulnerability Scanning, and Virtual Networks. Instructors may freely use and modify these tutorials to teach network security skills. All tutorials are freely available at: https://github.com/CEREStutorials/NetSec.
Evolutionary Significance of Whole-Genome Duplication

Whole-genome duplication (WGD) appears to be a widespread phenomenon, occurring in diverse taxa including many of the model organisms used in molecular, cellular, and developmental biology. It is therefore essential to understand the potential evolutionary consequences for individual duplicated genes, as well as for the lineage as a whole. For example, duplicate genes may undergo pseudogenization or may be maintained due to neofunctionalization, subfunctionalization, or selection for increased dosage or dosage balance. Duplicates created via WGD are maintained at higher rates than single-gene duplicates, perhaps due to dosage-balance constraints. Duplicate-gene maintenance may lead to heterodimerization of an existing homodimer or to the divergence of an entire duplicated network or pathway. Allopolyploids and autopolyploids are likely to undergo different evolutionary pressures due to increased divergence between allopolyploid paralogs and an increased prevalence of multivalent formation at meiosis in autopolyploids. Perhaps most importantly, duplicate-gene loss following a WGD may significantly increase the rate of reproductive isolation between geographically isolated subpopulations and may therefore temporarily increase the speciation rate within polyploid lineages.
Prolonged antepartum hospitalization: no time for rest.

To characterize sleep patterns among pregnant women undergoing prolonged antepartum hospitalization. We conducted a prospective cohort study of women undergoing prolonged antepartum hospitalization after 20 weeks’ gestation. Women were recruited to wear an Actigraph, complete a sleep log for 7 consecutive days, and complete a sleep survey at the end of the study period. Actigraphy was used to determine rest and sleep intervals, sleep onset latency, and wake time after sleep onset. A total of 40 participants were recruited, and 28 had ≥ 5 nights of data for a total of 177 nights of antepartum sleep data. Mean gestational age was 30 weeks. Median sleep duration was 7.05 h ± 1.71 h. In all, 43.5% of women had an average sleep duration of <7 h per night. In all, 28.2% of the study nights had a bedtime between midnight and 5 am. Going to bed between midnight and 5 am was significantly associated with sleep durations of <7 h (70.7 vs. 32.5%, p < .001). Participants reported an average of 2.4 awakenings per night due to hospital-related events. Prolonged antepartum hospitalization has a negative impact on sleep duration and quality.
Extrusion machine and line

The single-screw and multi-screw types have their differences (Fig. 2.1, Table 2.1). Each has its benefits, depending on the plastic being processed and the products to be fabricated. At times their benefits can overlap, so that either type could be used. In this case, the type to be used would depend on cost factors, such as cost to produce a quality product, cost of equipment, and cost of maintenance.
Strain Analysis of the Proximal Femur After Total Hip Replacement

Strain analysis of human cadaver femora after cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) has demonstrated a reduction in stress transfer along the proximal femur. The principal objective of this study was to determine the effect of the cementless application of a pressfit, porous-coated prosthesis on the strain experienced by the proximal femur. Using the photoelastic coating technique (PECT), five human cadaver specimens were subjected to strain analysis before and after cementless arthroplasty with a PCA total hip prosthesis. After total hip replacement, the strain magnitudes were reduced for all points along the medial border when the femur was subjected to loading conditions. A reduction of the level of strain experienced by the calcar ranged from 34.7 to 43.7% under loads ranging from 750 to 2000 N-a considerably smaller reduction than that reported by previous investigators. The region of the greater trochanter was the only area of the lateral surface to demonstrate an increase in strain magnitude after THA; the other, more distal points laterally experienced a reduced level of strain. Increases in strain magnitude, although not statistically significant, were detected along the anterior aspect of the femora. Significant decreases in strain were observed at the two more distal points posteriorly, with no significant change proximally. As this investigation is an evaluation only of the immediate effect of the design of the prosthesis in achieving a press fit, and the specimens are without the benefit of bony ingrowth, additional studies are necessary to determine the effect of biologic ingrowth on the distribution of strain within the proximal femur.
Arnav: Site specific error models to identify variants in RNA

Summary: We present Arnav (Analysis of RNA variants) a lightweight and easy-to-use statistical method for detecting mutations from RNA sequencing data. Site-specific error models allow Arnav to call variants with high specificity when the true variant allele fraction is unknown. We show the utility of Arnav by identifying variants using RNA sequencing data from the GTEx project. Availability and Implementation: Arnav is implemented in C++ and is distributed under the GPL license at https://github.com/gatoravi/arnav Contact: aramu@wustl.edu
Teaching Public Sector Quality Management: An Experiential Approach

Quality management, a private sector innovation that governments have adopted on a limited basis to operate more efficiently and to combat growing cutbacks and privatization, can be taught effectiv...
The Language of Stones

ABSTRACTThis article examines works by the American-born, Paris-based artist Sheila Hicks and her sense of the universal communicability of thread. Hicks bridges cultures and resists simple identif...
The Nobel Prize in Economics Turns 50

The first Sveriges Riksbank Prizes in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel were awarded in 1969, 50 years ago. In this essay, we provide the historical origins of this sixth “Nobel” field, b...
Series with Inverse Function Terms.

Sergei Ovchinnikov (sergei@sfsu.edu) is a Professor of Mathematics at San Francisco State University. He received his Ph.D. in Mathematics from Moscow University in 1971. After having held various research and teaching positions in the former Soviet Union, Sergei immigrated to the United States in 1980. He was a Research Associate at the Computer Science Department, UC Berkeley, from June 1980 until September 1981 when he joined the Mathematics Department of SFSU. Sergei has been pursuing research in functional analysis and mathematical social sciences since 1966. His current research interests are in the area of applied discrete mathematics.
Antral follicle assessment as a tool for predicting outcome in IVF--is it a better predictor than age and FSH?

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine if baseline antral follicle assessment may serve as additional information in predicting in vitro fertilization outcome. Methods: Prospective, descriptive preliminary study of in vitro fertilization outcome. From July 1998 to July 1999, 224 patients underwent antral follicle assessment (follicle 2–6 mm in diameter) on baseline of the planned, stimulated in vitro fertilization cycle. The outcomes were analyzed with respect to antral follicle assessment (≤6 or >6), basal cycle day 3 follicle stimulated harmone (≤10 or >10 IU/L) and maternal age (≤35 or >35 years). Results: The clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the group with baseline antral follicle >6 compared to that in the group with antral follicle ≥6 (51% vs. 19%, respectively). Controlling for patient age, and basal follicle stimulated harmone, the pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the group with antral follicle >6 compared to that in the group with antral follicle ≤6. The cancellation rate was significantly increased with advancing maternal age, elevated basal follicle stimulated harmone levels, and baseline antral follicle ≤6. The cancellation rate was significantly higher in the group with antral follicle ≤6 compared to that in the group with antral follicle ≥6 (33% vs. 1%, respectively). Conclusions: In vitro fertilization outcome is strongly correlated with both maternal ages, basal cycle, day 3 follicle, stimulated harmone, and antral follicle assessment. Antral follicle assessment was a better predictor of in vitro fertilization outcome than were age or follicle stimulated harmone. Antral follicle assessment may provide a marker for ovarian age that is distinct from chronological age or hormonal markers.
Early pubertal timing predicts onset and recurrence of depressive episodes in boys and girls.

Background Recurrent depressive episodes during adolescence result in significant impairment and increased risk for subsequent adverse outcomes throughout the life span. Evidence suggests that early pubertal timing predicts the onset of depressive episodes (particularly for girls); however, it is not known if pubertal timing prospectively predicts recurrent depressive episodes in youth. Methods At baseline, 603 youth (56% female, at baseline: Mage = 12.09, SD = 2.35) reported on their pubertal development. Youth and their parents completed a semistructured diagnostic interview to assess depressive episodes at baseline and then evaluated for onset repeatedly every 6 months for a period of 36 months. Results Controlling for past history of depression, Cox proportional hazards models examined whether earlier pubertal timing predicted (a) days to first depressive episode from baseline and (b) days to a second (recurrent) depressive episode from the end of the first episode. Early pubertal timing predicted the onset of the first depressive episode after baseline (b = .19, Wald = 5.36, p = .02, HR = 1.21), as well as a recurrent episode during course of study follow-up episode (b = .32, Wald = 6.16, p = .01, HR = 1.38). Conclusions Findings reinforce the importance of considering the impact of early pubertal timing on depression risk. Investigation on how pubertal timing interacts with other risk factors to predict depression recurrence is needed.
Social Class and Social Work in the Age of Trump

Social class has many meanings and components – economic, social, political, one’s sense of identity, and how class intersects with other social identities – so it is difficult to define it briefly...
Simple contents and good readability: Improving health literacy for LEP populations.

Abstract Accessing and receiving quality healthcare in an unfamiliar health system is a significant challenge for many new immigrants and refugees. This study aims to provide a three-phase model to develop a web-based health information website that helps populations with limited English proficiency (LEP) increase health literacy and improve healthcare service access. Method: First, we conducted a needs assessment from community leaders and service providers. Second, we developed contents from credible sources and tested each item using multiple readability tests. Last, we revised each item to lower the readability and retest its readability. Results: The average reading level for the original 99 topics was assessed at 10.84 (SD= 3.26). After revisions, we were able to lower the readability to 8.56 (SD= 2.96), which was around two grade levels lower, on average. Conclusion: the main purpose for building an English based health information website was to assist the population with LEP. By using simple English with lower readability, it will ease the translation process. This study demonstrates a process to develop suitable contents for populations in need. In the future, incorporating visual aid and other multimedia will be beneficial in user engagement and knowledge retention.
Hidden in plain sight: psychological barriers to participation in lung cancer screening.

Lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) became an official recommendation in the US in 2013 in response to the scientific evidence supported by the US-based National Lung Screening Trial.1 In the years following the US implementation of lung cancer screening with LDCT, scientific evidence from subsequent international trials has supported the mortality reduction benefit of LDCT screening2 3 and is now recommended in Croatia, some regions of China and Korea, and is currently under review by the UK’s National Screening Committee. Despite the implementation of lung cancer screening, uptake remains low among screening-eligible individuals.4 Low uptake has conventionally been linked to, and supported by, evidence regarding lack of awareness, low knowledge levels and misinformation.5 6 However, as we consider the aetiology of suboptimal levels of lung cancer screening uptake and potential solutions, there are psychological consequences of lung cancer screening that are an important consideration as a potential barrier for patients who are weighing the option to screen, or not, for lung cancer.7–9 Multiple studies have supported an increase in anxiety, depression and cancer worry among individuals who undergo lung cancer screening.7–9 Cancer …
Public Health Employees’ Perceptions about the Impact of Emerging Public Health Trends on Their Day-to-Day Work: Effects of Organizational Climate and Culture

Objective: The purpose of this research was to assess the workforce characteristics associated with public health employees’ perceived impact of emerging trends in public health on their day-to-day work. Methods: Multinomial logistic regression was performed to analyze data from the 2017 PH WINS, a cross-sectional survey utilizing a nationally representative sample of the United States public health workforce. Results: More than 55% of the public health workforce perceived that their day-to-day work was impacted by the emerging public health trends. Workplace environment was significantly associated with the perception of their day-to-day work being impacted by emerging public health trends such as quality improvement (QI) (AOR = 1.04, p < 0.001), and evidence-based public health practice (EBPH) (AOR = 1.04, p < 0.001). Race, ethnicity, and educational status were also positively associated with the perceived impact of the emerging public health trends. Conclusions: The organizational culture of a public health agency influences the engagement of the workforce and their perception of the meaningfulness of their work. As practitioners shift into chief health strategists, it will be imperative for them to have training in public health foundations and tools in order to efficiently serve their communities.
Diethylene glycol and its metabolites induce cell death in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells in vitro.

Abstract Diethylene glycol (DEG) intoxication results in metabolic acidosis, renal and hepatic dysfunction, and late-stage neurotoxicity. Though the renal and hepatic toxicity of DEG and its metabolites 2-hydroxyethoxyacetic acid (2-HEAA) and diglycolic acid (DGA) have been well characterized, the resultant neurotoxicity has not. SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were incubated with all 3 compounds at increasing concentrations for 24, 48, or 120 h. At all 3 time points, 50 mmol/L DGA and 100 mmol/L DEG showed significant Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining with additional concentrations showing similar staining patterns at 24 h (100 mmol/L DGA) and 48 h (50 mmol/L DEG, 100 mmol/L DGA). Only the 200 mmol/L 2-HEAA concentration induced SH-SY5Y cell death. Interestingly at 24 and 48 h, 100 mmol/L DEG induced significant increases in apoptotic cell death markers, which progressed to necrosis at 120 h. Similar to DEG, 50 mmol/L DGA induced significant increases in SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis and necrosis markers at both 24 and 48 h. As expected, high DGA concentrations (100 mmol/L) at 120 h induced significant SH-SY5Y cell necrosis with no apoptosis detected. However, at 120 h lower DGA concentrations (20 mmol/L) significantly increased oligonucleosome formation alone and in combination with 2-HEAA or DEG. Taken together, these results indicate that DGA and DEG at threshold concentrations induce neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells.
Cardio-Oncology Health Disparities: Social Determinants of Health and Care for Black Breast Cancer Survivors

Background Black women experience higher rates of cardiotoxicity and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related comorbidities than White women. These racial and ethnic disparities are primarily from the earlier onset of CVD risk factors, social determinants of health (SDOH), and cardiotoxicity screening and surveillance disparities. Objectives This article discusses the role of SDOH in cardio-oncology and strategies to prevent and detect adverse cardiovascular outcomes among Black breast cancer survivors. Methods Preliminary case study findings are presented, including treatment exposures to cardiotoxicity and SDOH in cardio-oncology influencing health outcomes in Black breast cancer survivors. Findings Nurses can address SDOH and racial disparities in cardio-oncology by being mindful of Black breast cancer survivors' increased burden of CVD risk factors, evaluating barriers to receive preventive care and cardio-oncology rehabilitation, practicing cultural humility, and adhering to evidence-based guidelines for behavioral risk management for Black breast cancer survivors.
Personalized Matching and Analysis of Cortical Folding Patterns via Patch-Based Intrinsic Brain Mapping.

The temporal cortex is one of the earliest regions with tau pathology and associated gray matter atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Surface mapping has conventionally been widely used to provide one-to-one correspondences and hence the detection of thickness changes in the cortical ribbon. The presence of very different topography of the sulcal and gyral folds across subjects, however, makes it challenging to have meaningful sulcus-to-sulcus and gyrus-to-gyrus matching. This is critical for the quantification of thickness changes because sulcal and gyral areas have different thickness profiles. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for personalized and localized cortical folding pattern analysis to address this challenge. Given a pair of source and target patches, intrinsic surface mapping based on Riemannian metric optimization on surfaces (RMOS) is first employed to compute the fine-grained maps. Afterwards, we design an edge-distortion based pattern matching method to detect locally well-matched folding patterns between temporal cortical patches. A patch-based similarity measure is then defined to establish a personalized atlas set for each individual source patch. Finally, a personalized z-score map is computed for normality assessment in disease groups and the detection of atrophy with respect to the normal controls. The proposed framework is validated on a large-scale dataset from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework for personalized analysis and increased power in the detection of atrophy in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Battling the Bear: Ukraine’s Approach to National Cyber and Information Security

Ukraine has faced substantial challenges across multiple fronts its successful 2014 Revolution of Dignity. Among the greatest challenges Ukraine has faced is the establishment of a national cybersecurity infrastructure capable of withstanding cyberattacks and information operations against military and civilian infrastructures. Ukraine’s experience is counterintuitive to the constant refrain in cyberspace regarding asymmetric advantage. Ukraine has struggled with the help of European and NATO allies to forge multiple organizational structures capable to facilitating national information and cyber defense. This work offers detailed analysis on the construction of national information resilience and cyber capabilities by a medium sized state under duress and coercion from an adversary state by leveraging interviews with and documents from Ukrainian ministers, General Staffs, Security Service personnel, soldiers, journalists, civilians and academics conducted over two years. The result is analysis that informs the underlying notions about small to medium state defenses in relation to well-resourced adversaries.
Powering an E-Ink Display from Soil Bacteria

This demo showcases the power delivery potential of soil-based microbial fuel cells. We build a prototype energy harvesting setup for a soil microbial fuel cell, measure the amount of power that we can harvest, and use that energy to drive an e-ink display. Microbial fuel cells are highly sensitive to environmental conditions, especially soil moisture. In near-optimal, super moist conditions our cell provides approximately 100 mW of power at around 500 mV, which is ample power over time to power our system several times a day. In sum, we find that the confluence of ever lower-power electronics and new understanding of microbial fuel cell design means that "soil-powered sensors" are now feasible. There remains, however, significant future work to make these systems reliable and maximally performant. This demo is a working copy of the system presented at LP-IoT'21 [6].
New dynamic way for triangular resonators

The triangular microstrip resonator with steps in width is a way to simulate the triangular resonator form by triangular discrete elements, and the analysis is conducted using the transverse transmission line (TTL) method in the Fourier transform domain (FTD), in conjunction with the moment method. Numerical results of the resonance frequency are presented in graphics in 2D and 3D with the use of the FORTRAN Power Station and MATLAB languages.
Statehood and the Third Geneva Convention

Statehood, in the formal legal sense, and the related concept of sovereignty, have come under increasing pressure, even erosion, in recent years. Globalization has raised questions about the ability of states to regulate activity within their borders. Ethnic or factional strife has led to the collapse of state authority. Colonial efforts to impose a nation-state structure on non-Western parts of the world appear to have failed to take root. While perhaps not consistent everywhere, the decline of the nation-state as the primary unit of governance is particularly acute in areas of the world that have posed the most difficult challenges to the international community of late. Erosion of the state has led to two types of problems. First, the disappearance of state authority in a territory has occurred alongside significant human rights disasters. Second, failure of state authority can pose a direct threat to other nations. A territory without any effective government can become a safe haven for terrorists, transnational crime, and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Throughout, the international community seems generally to have clung to the fiction of statehood - despite these many cases in which it has permitted ostensible state sovereignty to be gravely abridged - because it has an interest in maintaining the nation-state as the organizing unit of international relations. The community of nations seems to have grasped that the conditions of good global governance depend on the existence of states capable of controlling their territories, policing their populations, and discharging their international obligations. In other words, states still remain the most effective means so far to control or prevent conduct that threatens international order, global welfare, and the security of other states. Accordingly, even when military, financial or judicial interventions in the domestic affairs of a malfunctioning state seem to derogate from the principle of sovereignty, they may, on a closer view, be upholding it and advancing the broader interests behind the nation-state as an organizing principle in international affairs and law. This paper examines these issues issues through the lens of the Bush Administration's legal views on the status of al Qaeda terrorists and Taliban fighters under the Geneva Convention (Third) Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, placing that decision within the context of these broader changes in the international system.
American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP)

The American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP) is a national-in-scope, nonprofit credentialing organization that has been awarding board certification in professional psychology specialties for 65 years. This entry provides a description of the organization's development, current membership, and importance as the gold standard for board certification in 14 professional psychology specialties currently under the ABPP organizational umbrella. Keywords: clinical neuropsychology; counseling psychology; ethics in psychology; psychotherapies; behavior therapy; board certification; professional competencies; professional psychology
Cytotoxic effects of normal sera on lymphoid cells: I. Antibody-independent killing of heterologous thymocytes by guinea pig, rabbit, and human sera: Role of the alternative pathway of complement activation

Abstract The mechanisms whereby normal sera may cause the death of xenogeneic lymphoid cells in vitro have been reviewed in this study using guinea pig, rabbit and human sera as the source of activity and rat and mouse thymocytes as target cells. In all of the combinations analyzed the cytotoxic reactions were found to be mediated by complement (C) as evidenced by sensitivity of the sera towards either heat inactivation (56 °C, 30 min) or treatment with cobra venom factor or sodium ethylenediaminotetraacetate (EDTA). C activity was provided via the alternative pathway in every instance: (i) both C4-deficient guinea pig serum and C2-deficient human serum displayed cytotoxicity on the target cells; (ii) sera from all three sources were active in the absence of free Ca 2+ , which is required to activate C via the classical pathway; and (iii) GPS incubated at 50 °C for 20 min to destroy the activity of factor B of the alternative pathway lacked significant cytotoxic activity while still able to lyse sensitized sheep red blood cells, a reaction proceeding via the C142 pathway. Two independent lines of evidence appeared to exclude the possible role of antibodies in nonspecific serum cytotoxicity. First, the cytotoxic capacities and the titers of guinea pig and rabbit sera were not significantly affected after absorption with target cells in the presence of EDTA, i.e., in the absence of free divalent cations, a condition which does not interfere with antigen antibody binding. By contrast, the activity was eliminated when absorption was performed in the absence of chelating agents or in the presence of a selective Ca 2+ chelator, sodium ethyleneglycoltetraacetate, plus excess Mg 2+ These observations also highlight the Mg 2+ -dependence of the removal of activity by absorption. Second, γ-globulins isolated from a highly cytotoxic guinea pig serum were not toxic for rat thymocytes when tested in the presence of rat C. These results suggest that conventional antibodies, whether of “natural” origin or otherwise, are unlikely to play a role in serum-produced nonspecific cytotoxicity. Furthermore, and since incubation of human serum with rat or mouse thymocytes produced conversion of factor B, “absorption” of cytotoxic activity would seem to be more likely a consequence of the consumption of C activity via the C3 shunt than of the removal of any antibodies.
Polymorphic malicious executable scanner by API sequence analysis

The proliferation of malware (viruses, Trojans, and other malicious code) in recent years has presented a serious threat to enterprises, organizations, and individuals. Polymorphic (or variant versions of) computer viruses are more complex and difficult than their original versions to detect, often requiring antivirus companies to spend much time to create the routines needed to catch them. In this paper, we propose a new approach for detecting polymorphic malware in the Windows platform. Our approach rests on an analysis based on the Windows API calling sequence that reflects the behavior of a piece of particular code. The analysis is carried out directly on the PE (portable executable) code. It is achieved in two major steps: construct the API calling sequences for both the known virus and the suspicious code, and perform a similarity measurement between the two sequences after a sequence realignment operation is done. Favorable experimental results are obtained and presented.
Integration of Simian Virus 40 Deoxyribonucleic Acid into the Deoxyribonucleic Acid of Permissive Monkey Kidney Cells

Integration of simian virus 40 (SV40) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into cellular DNA occurred when permissive African green monkey kidney (CV-1) cells were infected at a low multiplicity of SV40 in the presence of cytosine arabinoside.
Environmental pollution and leaf cuticular variation in kudzu (Pueraria lobata Willd.).

Four populations of kudzu ( Pueraria lobata Willd.) were studied in rural, relatively unpolluted areas and in habitats characterized by heavy industrial pollution in north-west Tennessee, U.S.A. Leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, flower size and pod size showed a decrease in growth in heavily polluted areas. Trichome frequency and length on the leaf surfaces increased with an increase in environmental pollution while the stomatal frequency values showed a slight decrease in polluted habitats. The length of the largest and the smallest stornata and the number of undulations in the epidermal cells in kudzu plant populations were not affected by environmental pollution. Subsidiary cell complex consisting of two cells also remained the same in all the plant populations sampled in polluted and relatively unpolluted habitats.
Effect of Yttrium and Erbium Ions on Epitaxial Phase Transformations in Alumina

The effect of low concentrations of Y, Er, and Cr solutes on the amorphous-to-γ transformation and on the γ-to-α transformation in aluminum oxide has been studied in situ by time-resolved reflectivity. The activation energies of the two transformations with these dopants are the same as in undoped alumina, being 4.1 ± 0.1 and 5.2 ± eV, respectively. Although not affecting the activation energies, Y, Er, and Cr do affect the transformation kinetics. Y and Cr ions decrease the γ-to-α transformation velocity and, over the limited range studied, do so in proportion to their concentration. Concentrations of Er as low as ∼6 ppm retard the γ-to-α transformation and concentrations of 32 ppm essentially stop the transformation occurring within the times and temperatures accessible within the present experiment, thereby preventing quantification of the effect of Er on the α-phase transformation. Erbium also retards the amorphous-to-γ transformation relative to undoped alumina whereas yttrium and chromium accelerate it.
Insect Defoliation as a Predisposing Agent to a Bark Beede Outbreak in Eastern Montana

Most of the economically important genera of North American Scolytidae commonly infest trees weakened by a variety of agents including drought, natural disasters, diseases, or old age, and are therefore considered secondary insects (Rudinsky 1962). Outbreaks of defoliating insects have occasionally weakened trees to the point they have become susceptible to secondary bark beetle invasion. For example, secondary bark beetles killed 16.7% of the ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa Laws.) defoliated by the pine butterfly, Neophasia menapia Felder & Felder, in central Idaho (Evenden 1940). Similarly, defoliation of white fir, Abies concolor (Lindl.), by the Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata McDunnough, in California was followed by infestations of the fir engraver, Scolytus ventralis LeConte, and a roundheaded borer, Tetropium abietis Fall (Wickman 1963). Unfortunately, the intensity of defoliation associated with such bark beetle outbreaks has seldom been documented and as a result we lack information on the degree of defoliation likely to render trees susceptible to bark beetle attack.
Differentiation of Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme from Radiation Necrosis after External Beam Radiation Therapy with Dynamic Susceptibility-weighted Contrast-enhanced Perfusion MR Imaging

In this study, we showed that quantitative measurement of hemodynamic values derived from T2*-weighted dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast material–enhanced MR imaging results can be used to distinguish recurrent glioblastoma multiforme from external beam radiation therapy–induced necrosis.
The context of experience

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the social and cultural aspects of the context that frames service exchange to better understand how value and experience are evaluated. Design/methodology/approach – The authors apply a conceptual approach to develop and propose a framework for deepening the understanding of the context of market-related experiences. The authors integrate two growing streams of research – consumer culture theory and service-dominant logic – that focus on phenomenological and experiential views on value and extend the context of experience with a culturally rich, service-ecosystems view of markets. Findings – The authors broaden the context of experience by applying a service-ecosystems perspective and identify four social and cultural factors that influence experience from this extended context – sign systems and service ecosystems; multiplicity of structure and institutions; value-in-cultural-context; and co-construction of context. Based on this, the authors point towar...
Synthesis of protein and RNA for initiation and growth of the protonema during germination of bracken fern spore.

Abstract Cycloheximide inhibited initiation and elongation of the protonemal cell during germination of the spores of bracken fern. Incorporation of 14C-leucine into protein was also profoundly affected by the drug. Concentration of actinomycin D sufficient to inhibit incorporation of 3Huridine into heavy RNA fractions of spores did not prevent initiation of the protonema, but inhibited its subsequent elongation. Protein synthesis during initiation and growth of protonema was not appreciably sensitive to actinomycin D. As in the case of rhizoid initiation, protein synthesis necessary for initiation of protonema during germination appears to involve preformed messenger RNA.
Solution 13C NMR Characterization of Nylon 66: Quantitation of Cis Amide Conformers, Acid and Amine End Groups, and Cyclic Unimers

Using a 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol/deuteriochloroform solvent mixture (TFE/CDCl3), well-resolved solution 13C NMR spectra of nylon 66 samples were obtained that showed several low-intensity peaks not seen in other, more acidic solvents. These low-intensity peaks were correlated to the methylene carbons near cis amide conformers, acid and amine end groups, and within cyclic oligomers. On the basis of relative peak intensities, the quantitative contents of these components for a typical sample of nylon 66 were determined to be 1.1 mol % cis amide conformers, 1.0 mol % acid end groups, and 0.5 mol % amine end groups. A number-average molecular weight of 30 177 g/mol was calculated from end group concentrations, which is a typical value for commercial nylon 66 samples. The chemical shift values of methylene carbons contained in end groups and in cyclic oligomers were found to be pH sensitive and therefore dependent on the relative concentrations of acid and amine end groups present in each sample. Understanding t...
Human foetal palatal corticoid receptors and teratogens for cleft palate

CLEFT secondary palate can be induced experimentally in various mammalian species by the administration of glucocorticoids to pregnant animals1–4. The well known differences in susceptibility to cortisone-induced cleft palate in inbred strains of mice have been explained in terms of genetic differences in foetal facial mesenchymal glucocorticoid receptor levels5,6. The quantity of one protein in particular, with an isoelectric point (pI) of approximately 7.0, seems to be correlated rather closely with the susceptibility of various strains to cortisone-induced cleft palate6. It has also been shown that much of the difference in cleft palate susceptibility between C57BL/10 (B10) and A/J mice can be accounted for by H–2-linked genes7,8, and that there is H–2-linked variation in the level of cortisol-binding proteins obtained from the cytosol fraction of foetal palatal tissue6. As corticoids form a specific cytoplasmic cortisol receptor complex in target tissues which interacts with the genome resulting in activation or depression of transcription9,10, a product of a gene in or near the H–2 locus seems to be the glucocorticoid receptor, the level of which has to be raised for cleft palate to occur. As a first step to determine whether such a mechanism may operate in humans, we have examined whether human palatal mesenchymal cells, obtained in cultures from foetuses shortly after the critical period of secondary palatal closure, contain glucocorticoid receptors. We show here that these cells have specific glucocorticoid receptor proteins with high affinity for dexamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide, and that dexamethasone is displaced from its binding sites only by drugs which produce cleft palate in sensitive mouse strains. Thus, the human foetus contains an active glucocorticoid receptor mechanism immediately after the critical period of palatal organogenesis, which may be involved in palatal clefting.
Manifold covers of 3-orbifolds with geometric pieces

Abstract It is conjectured that any compact 3-orbifold containing no bad 2-suborbifolds is built from pieces whose interiors admit geometric structures. We prove that any 3-orbifold having such geometric pieces has a finite orbifold covering space which is a manifold. As applications, we extend some results of Hempel and Waldhausen for 3-manifolds to the orbifold setting.
Passive Subharmonic Generation Using Memoryless Nonlinear Circuits

A passive subharmonic generation and frequency downconversion method using a memoryless nonlinear circuit coupled to a linear passive resonator is presented. The frequency downconverter can be used to transfer the energy from a high-frequency signal to a lower frequency without requiring any dc power supply. In the synchronous mode, the passive downconverter acts as a self-powered frequency divider. The characteristics of the self-powered frequency downconverter have been studied analytically, and design tradeoffs have been shown for the specific case of a cross-coupled differential pair nonlinearity. As an example, a low-frequency prototype is implemented with discrete components. Analytical results and design procedures are verified in discrete and integrated prototypes.
Preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of crystalline EcoRI endonuclease.

Abstract EcoRI endonuclease crystallizes in space group C2 with unit cell parameters a = 209 A , b = 129 A , c = 50 A and β = 98.4 ° . Four 29,000 molecular weight subunits per asymmetric unit would give a reasonable Vm value of 2.87 A3/dalton. EcoRI endonuclease is the first protein which recognizes a specific sequence of bases in DNA to be crystallized in a form suitable for high resolution structure analysis.
The Effect of Radiation Induced Disorder on La 0.7 Ca 0.3 MnO 3–δ Thin Films

The effects of disorder on the transport and magnetic properties of pulsed laser deposited La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 thin films were studied. Ion irradiation with 10 MeV I and 6 MeV Si ions was used to produce controlled levels of defects ranging from 0.006 to 0.024 displacements per atom. The peak resistance temperature of the I-irradiated films decreased from 264K for the undamaged film to OK for the 0.016 dpa film. The magnetic ordering temperature decreased from 270K (undamaged) to 130K (0.011 dpa), and remained nearly constant at 130K for higher damage levels. This demonstrates a decoupling of the magnetic and metal-insulator transitions. A characteristic relationship between the peak resistance temperature and activation energy of resistance with the form Tp = 285(1-△ρ/115)0.13, was observed for all films. This characteristic relationship indicates that the range of resistivity and magnetoresistivity values for observed La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 can be explained in terms of disorder-limited polaron hopping.
Who's on board? Child welfare worker reports of buy-in and readiness for organizational change

Abstract This study views the extent to which staff buy-in for an organizational innovation in child welfare (CW) relates to implementation progress. The study occurs during implementation of a statewide practice model that was supported with technical assistance from the Mountains and Plains Child Welfare Implementation Center (MPCWIC) and framed around the National Implementation Research Network model. Mixed methods were used to address three study questions: (1) what is the level and nature of buy-in related to the innovation? (2) does buy-in vary according to staff characteristics, and (3) what is the relationship between buy-in, local level agency readiness, and implementation status one year after project start? Survey data were collected from 568 CW staff in 13 local county agencies and 12 implementation specialists assigned as coaches. Focus groups and interviews were conducted with 52 staff in four agencies. Bivariate chi-square analyses and multivariate regression using a cumulative logit model showed that buy-in was related to gender and agency tenure. Implementation progress was higher among smaller agencies, and agencies with lower levels of job stress. Qualitative themes centered on staff inclusivity in project design, communication, and supervisor support. Findings highlight the need to adapt implementation strategies in urban and rural locales, and to attend strongly to staff selection, supervision, and inclusion during implementation. Addressing job stress may help bolster implementation.
Effect of chlorinated hydrocarbons on the fluorescence emission spectra of 1,3-bis-(1-pyrene)propane in solutions and poly(vinyl alcohol) films

This paper reports on our investigation of 1,3-bis-(1-pyrene)propane (bpp) as a potential probe for chlorinated hydrocarbons. Changes in the emission spectra of bpp in methanol solutions, upon addition of methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride, are described. Dramatic changes in the emission spectrum were noted for CCl4, compared to the other additives. These effects are explained by the preferential solvation of bpp by CCl4 and the formation of an excited-state complex (exciplex), leading to quenching of the excimer emission and, ultimately, the monomer emission. When solutions of bpp in the neat chlorinated hydrocarbons were exposed over time to 350-nm light, changes in the emission spectrum were noted for all solvents. Changes in both the excitation and emission spectra of bpp in CCl4 are related to exciplex formation, leading to irreversible formation of photochemical products. Poly(vinyl alcohol) films containing bpp were exposed to CH2Cl2, CHCl3, or CCl4 vapors, and trends consistent with the solution study were observed. A rapid decrease in bpp excimer emission, upon exposure to CCl4 vapors, was observed. The effects of CCl4 in air and argon atmospheres on the bpp/PVA films were also investigated, with oxygen quenching limiting the ability of this system to detect low concentrations of CCl4.
Ultrasonic phonon behavior near the pressure-induced cubic-to-orthorhombic transformation in PbF2

Abstract Measurements have been made of the transit times τ of pulses of 30 MHz longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves in PbF2 at room temperature using hydrostatic pressures up to where the irreversible cubic-to-orthorthombic transformation occurs (near 4 kbar). Above 3 kbar 1/τ no longer increased linearly with pressure and exhibited some time dependence at fixed pressures before echo disappearance. The elastic stiffness moduli showed no significant softening before the transformation began. Length, mass density, and X-ray measurements on samples after they had been returned to 1 bar confirmed that milky white regions in them were orthorhombic but filled with defects.