cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract P104: Reactivation of Embryonic Gene Program due to CUG Repeat RNA Expression in Myotonic Dystrophy

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a dominantly inherited disease that affects multiple organ systems. Cardiac involvement, which is characterized by conduction defects and arrhythmias, is the second leading cause of death in DM1 patients. The causative mutation is a CTG expansion in the 39 untranslated region of DMPK gene resulting in aberrant expression of CUG repeat RNA that accumulates into nuclear foci and causes misregulation in alternative splicing. Here we show that heart-specific and inducible expression of CUG repeat RNA in a DM1 mouse model results in global reactivation of embryonic gene expression program in adult heart that is distinct from a general hypertrophic stress response. Using q-PCR TaqMan arrays, we identified 54 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in DM1 mouse hearts one week following induction of CUG repeat RNA. Interestingly, 83% (45/54) of them exhibited a developmental shift in expression towards the embryonic pattern. Because over 90% (41/45) of them were down regulated within 72 hr after induction of repeat RNA and only 2/22 examined decreased in two unrelated mouse models of heart disease, we conclude their reduced expression is specific to DM1 and not simply a general response to cardiac injury. Microarray studies revealed a developmental switch not only in the miRNA expression patterns but also a pervasive shift in mRNA steady state levels of a number of genes to embryonic stage. Intriguingly, we found that loss of MBNL1 or gain of CELF1 activity, two major RNA binding proteins disrupted in DM1, are not driving the miRNA misregulation since their expression is indistinguishable between wild type, MBNL1 knock out and CELF1 over expressing mice. Moreover, comparable decrease in ten out of ten primary miRNA transcripts examined suggests loss of expression is not due to a processing defect. Instead, we discovered that adult-to-embryonic shift in expression of select micro- and messenger RNAs in DM1 heart occurs due to specific inactivation of a Mef2 transcriptional program. We are currently determining causal contributions of this Mef2-miRNA circuitry in the developmental reprogramming of gene expression in DM1 as well as its direct role in cardiac manifestations of this disease.
Abstract 63: A Regulatory Enhancer Variant at the Hypertensive GRAF3 Locus Increases SMC-Selective Expression of GRAF3 by Promoting SRF Binding

We have recently shown that the Rho-specific GAP, GRAF3, is specifically expressed in smooth muscle cells (SMC) in mouse and humans and negatively regulates blood pressure by limiting Rho-dependent SMC contractility. Genome wide association studies identified a hypertension-associated locus within the first intron of the GRAF3 gene (currently defined by SNPs rs633185 and rs604723) and demonstrated that the minor allele was significantly correlated with decreased blood pressure in patients. The aims of the current study were to identify transcription mechanisms that regulate SMC-specific GRAF3 expression and to test the hypothesis that SNPs within the GRAF3 hypertension locus affect blood pressure by altering GRAF3 expression and RhoA activity. Using DNaseI Hypersensitivity of chromatin structure, ChIP-seq approaches for previously implicated transcription factors, and information from sequence/regulatory databases, we identified two regions within the human GRAF3 gene that exhibited strong SMC-selective transcription activity in cultured cells. Importantly, the enhancer at +52 Kb contains SNP rs604723 and mutation of the major C allele to the minor T allele significantly increased enhancer activity from 20- to 40-fold over promoterless. The DNA surrounding the minor T allele conforms to the consensus SRF binding element at 8 out of 10 residues. Gel shift and targeted ChIP assays revealed preferential binding of SRF to the minor allele sequence, and the SRF co-factor, myocardin, significantly transactivated the minor but not the major allele enhancer (p<0.05). Allele-specific quantitative RT PCR on RNA isolated from human aortic SMC heterozygous at rs604723 revealed T allele-specific mRNA expression. Finally, data within the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database indicated that GRAF3 RNA levels in tibial artery samples were 3-fold higher in patients homozygous for the minor T allele compared to patients homozygous for the major C allele (p<1.5e-10). Taken together, our data indicate that the minor T allele at rs604723 upregulates GRAF3 transcription via an SRF-dependent mechanism and provides the first functional link between this SNP and blood pressure regulation.
Open Access, Peer Reviewing and Quality of Research Publications

No abstract available Journal of the University Librarians' Association of Sri Lanka, Vol. 19, Issue 1, October 2015, Page 1-5
Mobile Device Use in Dermatologic Patient Care

Rapidly evolving technology, improved mobile device optics, and the uniquely visual nature of dermatology all promote mobile device use in the clinic. This paper examines how dermatologists use mobile device technology in direct patient care. We discuss mobile applications (apps) for both dermatologists and patients, as well as for integration with the electronic health record. Furthermore, we discuss aspects of teledermatology (including teledermoscopy), both from consults from a primary care provider and in using teledermatology to directly connect to the patient. Finally, we address patient perception of mobile devices in the clinic.
Effect of Interfacial Energetics on Dispersion and Glass Transition Temperature in Polymer Nanocomposites

Developing structure–property relationships between the filler/matrix interface chemistry and the dispersion and interface properties of polymer nanocomposites (PNC) is critical to predicting their bulk mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. In this paper we develop quantitative relationships between interfacial surface energy parameters and the dispersion and Tg shifts of PNCs through systematic experiments on an array of hybrid systems spanning a wide range of interfacial interactions. We use four different matrices of surface energies varying from polar to nonpolar (poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA), and polystyrene (PS)), filled with three monofunctional-silane modifications of colloidal silica nanospheres (octyldimethylmethoxysilane, chloropropyldimethylethoxysilane, and aminopropyldimethylethoxysilane). We hypothesize the ratio of the work of adhesion between filler and polymer to the work of adhesion of filler to filler (WPF/WFF...
Trying to Make Regulation Something More Than Just a Burden: A Review of Excellence Beyond Compliance: Enhancing Animal Welfare Through the Constructive Use of the Animal Welfare Act, edited by James F. Gesualdi

Whenever people have to follow a set of rules, they may see it as a chore, maybe one they resent having to do. Many people would rather focus on their work with nonhuman animals and try to escape b...
From solid state to solution: advancing chemistry of Bi-Bi and Bi-Rh paddlewheel carboxylates.

The first successful high-yield solution synthesis of homobimetallic Bi2(O2CCF3)4 (1), as well as heterobimetallic BiRh(O2CCF3)4 (2) and BiRh(O2CCF2CF3)4 (3), complexes is reported. It is based on one-pot reduction reactions starting from Bi(III) and Rh(II) carboxylates and using Bi metal as a reducing agent. The presence of small amounts of diphenyl ether was found to facilitate this reaction, most probably because of its good solubilizing and π-stabilizing abilities. The latter is illustrated by the isolation and structural characterization of a π-adduct of 1 with diphenyl ether, [Bi2(O2CCF3)4·1/2Ph2O]. Importantly, the new approach expands to solution the chemistry of Bi(II) that was previously limited to the solid state only. The solution procedure developed for the preparation of heterometallic BiRh(O2CCF3)4 is now one step shorter and gives the product in excellent yield compared with the previously reported method based on sublimation-deposition technique. It is also performed on a greater scale (∼...
Prodigiosin. I. Antibiotic Action on Coccidioides immitis in Vitro.

SummaryProdigiosin was fungistatic for Coccidioides immitis in dilutions through 1:500,000. It was fungicidal after 48 hours exposure in dilutions through 1:100,000. Prodigiosin hydrochloride, perchlorate and a water soluble glutamic acid derivative demonstrated similar in vitro effectiveness.
Inhibitory Effect of Sulfamido Compounds upon Development and Growth of Phage-Resistant Bacteria

Summary(1) Sulfanilamide, sulfapyridine and sulfathiazol either completely inhibit or definitely delay the development of phage-resistant staphylococci in broth. (2) Sulfanilamide, sulfapyridine, sulfadiazine, and sulfanilyl-guanidine may delay the secondary growth of S. dysenteriœ (Shiga) and E. coli in broth containing bacteriophage. (3) The phage-resistant bacilli were found to be susceptible to the bacteriostatic action of sulfamido compounds.
Ion Energy Distributions from Laser-Induced Hydrogen Cluster Explosions

Ion energies from laser-induced explosions of hydrogen clusters which are partially stripped of electrons exhibit strong anisotropy and pulse duration dependence interpreted using the cluster model of Breizman et al. [Phys. Plasmas 12, 056706 (2005)].
17β-estradiol protects H_9C_2 cardiomyocytes from H_2O_2-induced injury via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective role of 17β-estradiol(E2) on myocardial cell injury induced by H2O2 and the possible mechanism.METHODS The oxidative stress model of H9C2 was induced by H2O2 and the all model were divided into control group,H2O2 group,E2-treated group and inhibitor group.Myocardial cell viability was detected by MTT assay,as well as Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expressions were investigated by Western Blot analysis.RESULTS Compared with control group,100 μmol· L-1H2O2 significantly decreased the H9C2 viability and pretreatment of E2 almost prevented the oxidative stress injury.Nrf2 protein expression gradually increased from E2-treatment for 2 h with a peak at 6 h compared with H2O2-treated alone for 4 h or 6 h group.Furthermore the change of HO-1 mRNA expression shared a similar trend with that of Nrf2.However,ICI 182,780 almost completely abolished the protective role of E2 which was induced by H2O2 on the oxidative stress injury.CONCLUSION E2 can prevent oxidative stress injury induced by H2O2 and upregulating the Nrf2/HO-1 protein expression may be the core molecular mechanism.
Treatment issues with borderline patients and the psychosomatic focus.

This article deals with intensive analytically oriented psychotherapy with borderline patients. In this form of intervention, regression is considered to be an essential element. The role of a hold...
Middle Eastern Woodland

Relative Time Period: Follows the Early Eastern Woodland tradition, precedes the Late Eastern Woodland tradition.
Single input multiple output (SIMO) optimization for input function estimation: a simulation study

Blood input function (BIF) estimation is required in many applications. A minimally invasive approach based on single input multiple output (SIMO) system optimization was investigated for extraction of BIF from small animal dynamic PET images. In the SIMO based approaches, ROI curves from different regions were considered the output of the SIMO system and the BIF was the input. Parametric estimation was performed to estimate the BIF and the impulse responses. Feng et al. has previously reported the application of this approach on human brain images. The focus of this work was to examine its feasibility for small animal PET images, and in particular, with two regions of interest (ROI) defined in the heart area. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to generate multiple sets of the ROI curves. A weighted least square (WLS) approach was applied for estimation of the parametric input function, the kinetic parameters and the mixing coefficients for the TACs, with 0, 1 and 2 blood samples as constraints to the BIF. It was observed that the SIMO based approach was feasible for BIF estimation even with only one blood sample as constraint. The application of the blood sample constraints further improved the BIF estimation accuracy.
Sepsis alert presentation: Developing a framework to optimize alert design for clinical decision support

The Value Institute at Christiana Care Health System is developing and evaluating a framework to optimize alert design for clinical decision support (CDS) to target sepsis, the most impactful disease process to our system. Our multifaceted approach takes into account technological, organizational, and provider factors that influence how providers interact with alerts throughout the hospitalization process when appropriate clinical care can change the trajectory of a patient with a systemic infection. Effective presentation of the alert, including how and what is displayed, may help providers extract information quickly, offering better cognitive support during busy patient encounters. Our simulated usability evaluation, using real clinical scenarios, investigates how clinicians detect sepsis and respond to CDS based on the way the information is presented visually. Usability testing is designed to better understand the decision-making process analyzing varied designs that utilize various levels of visual ...
The First Assignment

By the end of Agnes Scott College’s spring semester in 1913, its Professor Olivier had been away from practical astronomy for two years.
Diuretic Treatment of the Nephrotic Syndrome

Publisher Summary Nephrotic syndrome is caused by an abnormal increase in the permeability of glomerular capillaries to albumin. Increased glomerular filtration of albumin results in albuminuria, as well as increased renal albumin catabolism. The increase in catabolism develops because a large quantity of filtered albumin is reabsorbed and degraded by proximal tubule cells. Nephrotic syndrome increases renal retention of salt and water that combines with hypoalbuminemia to produce generalized edema. Hypoalbuminemia and/or decreased plasma oncotic pressure also increase hepatic synthesis of albumin, lipoproteins, and cholesterol. Hyperlipidemia and hyperlipoproteinemia develop as a result of the accelerated hepatic synthesis of lipoproteins and cholesterol, abnormalities of lipoprotein metabolism linked to hypoalbuminemia, and possibly, the renal excretion and depletion of poorly defined lipid regulatory factors. In consequence, the hallmarks of nephrotic syndrome include marked albuminuria, usually greater than 3.5 g/day, hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia, and lipiduria. Many renal abnormalities can increase albumin permeability of glomerular capillaries. Primary glomerular processes, which occur independently of any extrarenal systemic disorders, produce the idiopathic nephrotic syndromes. The pathologies include minimal change disease, membranous nephropathy, focal glomerulosclerosis, and various forms of idiopathic proliferative glomerulonephritis. The systemic diseases associated with secondary glomerular disorders producing nephrotic syndrome include diabetes mellitus, collagen vascular diseases, primary and secondary vasculitis, and many bacterial, fungal, rickettsial, viral, and parasitic infections. Nephrotic syndrome can also have an allergic, toxic, or hereditary basis.
Ambidexterity in new ventures: The impact of new product development alliances and transactive memory systems

Abstract Unlike established firms, new ventures often lack the resources and structure necessary to simultaneously pursue exploration and exploitation activities in the process of developing and introducing new products into markets. Thus, it remains unclear whether and how ambidexterity (i.e., simultaneous pursuit of exploration and exploitation activities) can develop in new ventures. This study posits that product development alliances and the transactive memory systems of entrepreneurial teams contribute to new venture ambidexterity. Moreover, we propose that the two mechanisms reinforce one another. Data collected from 148 new Chinese ventures support these hypotheses.
Phase I study of doxorubicin (D) plus anti-insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) antibody cixutumumab (IMC-A12) in advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS).

10028 Background: IGF1R is overexpressed in many STS, but its exact role in the biology of the disease is unclear. Anti-IGF1R antibody cixutumumab (C) has shown acceptable toxicity in a single-agent phase 2 study of STS. Here we performed a dose escalation study of C with D in STS. Methods: Eligible pts had advanced STS, ECOG ≤2, age>16, ≤1 prior chemotherapy, fasting glucose<120 mg/dL and acceptable organ function. C was administered IV over 60 min on D1,8,15 at one of three dose levels and D as a 48 hr infusion on D1 of a 21-day cycle. After 6 cycles of combination rx, pts with SD or better continued on single agent C. The Time-to-Event Continual Reassessment Method (TITE-CRM) was used to estimate the probability of DLT at each dose level and to assign patients to the dose with the estimated probability of DLT closest to but not exceeding 30%. Results: 30 pts with STS were enrolled between 9/08-1/12. Median age was 64 (range 29-80); 17M/13 F, 7 pts received prior chemo. One pt withdrew prior to rx; 5 pt...
Overinterpretation is common in pathological diagnosis of appendix cancer during patient referral for oncologic care.

Author(s): Valasek, Mark A; Thung, Irene; Gollapalle, Esha; Hodkoff, Alexey A; Kelly, Kaitlyn J; Baumgartner, Joel M; Vavinskaya, Vera; Lin, Grace Y; Tipps, Ann P; Hosseini, Mojgan V; Lowy, Andrew M | Abstract: ContextLow-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) and appendiceal adenocarcinoma are known to cause the majority of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP, i.e. mucinous ascites); however, recognition and proper classification of these neoplasms can be difficult despite established diagnostic criteria.ObjectiveTo determine the pathological diagnostic concordance for appendix neoplasia and related lesions during patient referral to an academic medical center specialized in treating patients with PMP.DesignThe anatomic pathology laboratory information system was searched to identify cases over a two-year period containing appendix specimens with mucinous neoplasia evaluated by an outside pathology group and by in-house slide review at a single large academic medical center during patient referral.Results161 cases containing appendix specimens were identified over this period. Forty-six of 161 cases (28.6%) contained appendiceal primary neoplasia or lesions. Of these, the originating pathologist diagnosed 23 cases (50%) as adenocarcinoma and 23 cases (50%) as LAMN; however, the reference pathologist diagnosed 29 cases (63.0%) as LAMN, 13 cases (28.3%) as adenocarcinoma, and 4 cases (8.7%) as ruptured simple mucocele. Importantly, for cases in which the originating pathologist rendered a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, the reference pathologist rendered a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma (56.5%, 13 of 23), LAMN (39.1%, 9 of 23), or simple mucocele (4.3%, 1 of 23). The overall diagnostic concordance rate for these major classifications was 71.7% (33 of 46) with an unweighted observed kappa value of 0.48 (95% CI, 0.27-0.69), consistent with moderate interobserver agreement. All of the observed discordance (28.3%) for major classifications could be attributed to over-interpretation. In addition, the majority of LAMN cases (65.5%) had potential diagnostic deficiencies including over-interpretation as adenocarcinoma and lacking or discordant risk stratification (i.e. documentation of extra-appendiceal neoplastic epithelium).ConclusionsAppendiceal mucinous lesions remain a difficult area for appropriate pathological classification with substantial discordance due to over-interpretation in this study. The findings highlight the critical need for recognition and application of diagnostic criteria regarding these tumors. Recently published consensus guidelines and a checklist provided herein may help facilitate improvement of diagnostic concordance and thereby reduce over-interpretation and potential overtreatment. Further studies are needed to determine the extent of this phenomenon and its potential clinical impact.
On the Nonlinear Control of Underactuated Two-Link Manipulators

Abstract Underactuated two link manipulators provide an excellent environment for investigation of a wide variety of linear and nonlinear control issues. An undcractuated two link manipulator has a control actuator on one link but none on the second link. Mechanized for operation in the vertical plane, the system can be interpreted as an inverted pendulum system for which the pendulum support point is constrained to move on a circle. The mechanization of such a manipulator is simple to realize in hardware, thus affording the opportunity to test control schemes with hardware-in-the-loop. In this paper, the mechanization that is operational in the University of Washington Control Systems Laboratory is described as well as some experiments with alternative control strategies.
Abstract 53: Changes in Physical Activity and Risk of Stroke in the California Teachers Study

Introduction: Leisure time physical activity (LTPA) has been consistently associated with a lower risk of stroke across several populations. Less is known however about how changes over the life-ti...
MRI findings in glutamic acid decarboxylase associated autoimmune epilepsy

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) has been implicated in a number of autoimmune-associated neurologic syndromes, including autoimmune epilepsy. This study categorizes the spectrum of MRI findings in patients with a clinical diagnosis of autoimmune epilepsy and elevated serum GAD65 autoantibodies. An institutional database search identified patients with elevated serum GAD65 antibodies and a clinical diagnosis of autoimmune epilepsy who had undergone brain MRI. Imaging studies were reviewed by three board-certified neuroradiologists and one neuroradiology fellow. Studies were evaluated for cortical/subcortical and hippocampal signal abnormality, cerebellar and cerebral volume loss, mesial temporal sclerosis, and parenchymal/leptomeningeal enhancement. The electronic medical record was reviewed for relevant clinical information and laboratory markers. A study cohort of 19 patients was identified. The majority of patients were female (84%), with a mean age of onset of 27 years. Serum GAD65 titers ranged from 33 to 4415 nmol/L (normal < 0.02 nmol/L). The most common presentation was medically intractable, complex partial seizures with temporal lobe onset. Parenchymal atrophy was the most common imaging finding (47%), with a subset of patients demonstrating cortical/subcortical parenchymal T2 hyperintensity (37%) or abnormal hippocampal signal (26%). No patients demonstrated abnormal parenchymal/leptomeningeal enhancement. The most common MRI finding in GAD65-associated autoimmune epilepsy is disproportionate parenchymal atrophy for age, often associated with abnormal cortical/subcortical T2 hyperintensities. Hippocampal abnormalities are seen in a minority of patients. This constellation of findings in a patient with medically intractable epilepsy should raise the possibility of GAD65 autoimmunity.
STRUCTURE OF MICROBIAL IRON TRANSPORT COMPOUNDS

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on structure of microbial iron transport compounds. The original suggestion that the siderochromes serve as microbial iron transport agents was based on nutritional evidence and on theoretical considerations of the unique ferrichrome structure. In recent years solid evidence has accumulated to substantiate this hypothesis. The constitution of ferrichrome has been established by degradation and by synthesis of the deoxydeferri analogue, by direct synthesis and by its analogy to ferrichrome A. The first siderochrome of the phenolate type, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoylglycine, was discovered as a ferric chloride-positive product in low iron cultures of Bacillus subtilis. Enterobactin forms stubby prisms from dry, absolute enthanol-n-hexane. It is tempting to speculate that the stereochemistry about the metal ion may in part account for the potent biological activity and efficiency of these compounds as metal transfer agents.
Efficient proactive security for sensitive data storage

Fault tolerant and secure distributed data storage systems typically require that only up to a threshold of storage nodes can ever be compromised or fail. In proactively-secure systems, this requirement is modified to hold only in a time interval (also called epoch), resulting in increased security. An attacker or adversary could compromise distinct sets of nodes in any two time intervals. This attack model is also called the mobile adversary model. Proactively-secure systems require all nodes to “refresh” themselves periodically to a clean state to maintain the availability, integrity, and confidentiality properties of the data storage service. This dissertation investigates the design of a proactively-secure distributed data storage system. Data can be stored at storage servers using encoding schemes called secret sharing, or encryption-with-replication. The primary challenge is that the protocols that the servers run periodically to maintain integrity and confidentiality must scale with large amounts of stored data. Determining how much data can be proactively-secured in practical settings is an important objective of this dissertation. The protocol for maintaining the confidentiality of stored data is developed in the context of data storage using secret sharing. We propose a new technique called the GridSharing framework that uses a combination of XOR secret sharing and replication for storing data efficiently. We experimentally show that the algorithm can secure several hundred gigabytes of data. We give distributed protocols run periodically by the servers for maintaining the integrity of replicated data under the mobile adversary model. This protocol is integrated into a document repository to make it proactively-secure. The proactively-secure document repository is implemented and evaluated on the Emulab cluster (http://www.emulab.net). The experimental evaluation shows that several hundred gigabytes of data can be proactively secured. This dissertation also includes work on fault and intrusion detection - a necessary component in any secure system. We give a novel Byzantine-fault detection algorithm for quorum systems, and experimentally evaluate its performance using simulations and by deploying it in the AgileFS distributed file system.
Sialoendoscopy: Review and Nuances of Technique

Sialoendoscopy is a nuanced technique of transluminal management of obstructive and nonneoplastic pathology of the major salivary glands. Techniques have been refined in the last two decades due to advances in optical and endoscopic instrumentation. This minimally invasive technique has both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Obstructive salivary gland disease due to mineralized stones causes the majority of salivary duct-related pathology. Mucus plugs and strictures are the other causes. Submandibular gland sialolithiasis comprises the majority of salivary ductal pathology, with less than ten percent of obstructive symptoms related to parotid gland. The aim of this review is to comprehensively understand the scope of practice, the methodology of management, and the techniques for a successful outcome in sialoendoscopy. Anatomy of the salivary glands and the ductal system is reviewed for a successful outcome. Guidance for patient selection, indications, investigations, and preprocedure preparation for sialoendoscopy are discussed. Algorithms and an instrument checklist are provided in table format in the manuscript for clinical utility. The author simplifies the various systems of sialoendoscopes and the utility of the instruments. The future of transluminal and intraluminal salivary procedures is within the oral and maxillofacial surgical realm with simulators and multidimensional imaging and navigational advances.
Simulation and inversion of harmonic infrasound from open-vent volcanoes using an efficient quasi-1D crater model

Abstract Volcanic activity excites low frequency acoustic waves, termed infrasound, in the atmosphere. Infrasound observations can be used to provide constraints on eruption properties, such as crater geometry and volume flux. At open-vent volcanoes, such as Erebus (Antarctica) and Villarrica (Chile), the infrasound signal is modulated by the crater properties. Eruptive activity at the bottom of the crater, such as unsteady degassing or explosions, can excite the air mass within the crater into resonance leading to infrasound generation with signals possessing clear spectral peaks, termed harmonics. Therefore, the effect of the crater on the infrasound signal, or crater acoustic response, must be accounted for when inverting harmonic infrasound observations for eruption properties at open-vent volcanoes. Here we develop a linearized model of quasi-one-dimensional (1D) wave propagation inside volcanic crater coupled with 3D axisymmetric radiation into the atmosphere from the crater, with waves generated by a volumetric flow rate source at the bottom of the crater. We perform simulations for a range of volcanic crater geometries, temperature profiles, gas compositions, and source descriptions to explore the influence of these properties on the infrasound signal. The observed infrasound signal depends on the flow rate source-time function, but interference of up- and down-going waves within the crater selectively amplifies the signal at the resonant frequencies of the crater. The crater resonance model presented here is verified by comparison with an established three-dimensional (3D) infrasound code and is shown to be appropriate for realistic crater geometries when the crater radius is less than approximately one quarter of the acoustic wavelength. The model presented here is more computationally efficient and can be used to invert infrasound observations for a range of properties, such as crater geometry or volumetric flow rate associated with eruptions. We demonstrate the utility of our efficient modeling framework by inverting harmonic infrasound observations for the crater geometry and position of the lava lake at Villarrica volcano. This technique may be used at other open-vent volcanoes to constrain dynamic crater geometry and provide insights about lava lake motions and infrasound producing eruption sources.
Sibling effects on high school exam taking and performance

Abstract Younger siblings take more advanced high school course end of year exams when their older siblings perform better in those same exams. Using a regression discontinuity and data from millions of siblings who take Advanced Placement (AP) exams, we show that younger siblings with older siblings who marginally “pass” an AP exam are more likely to take at least one AP exam, increase the total number of AP exams, and are more likely to take the same exam as their sibling. The largest impacts are found among sisters, but we do not see differential effects in coursework where females are underrepresented.
Guarantees for the Kronecker Fast Johnson-Lindenstrauss Transform Using a Coherence and Sampling Argument

Abstract In the recent paper [Jin, Kolda & Ward, arXiv:1909.04801 ], it is proved that the Kronecker fast Johnson–Lindenstrauss transform (KFJLT) is, in fact, a Johnson–Lindenstrauss transform, which had previously only been conjectured. In this paper, we provide an alternative proof of this, for when the KFJLT is applied to Kronecker vectors, using a coherence and sampling argument. Our proof yields a different bound on the embedding dimension, which can be combined with the bound in the paper by Jin et al. to get a better bound overall. As a stepping stone to proving our result, we also show that the KFJLT is a subspace embedding for matrices with columns that have Kronecker product structure. Lastly, we compare the KFJLT to four other sketch techniques in numerical experiments on both synthetic and real-world data.
Parental perceptions of culturally-sensitive care and well-child visit quality

Abstract Objectives Incorporating culturally-sensitive care into well-child visits may help address pediatric preventive care disparities faced by racial and ethnic minorities, families with limited English proficiency, and immigrants. We explored parents’ perspectives about the extent to which their children's pediatric care is culturally-sensitive and potential associations between culturally-sensitive care and well-child visit quality. Methods We conducted cross-sectional surveys with parents attending a well-child visit for a child ages 3-48 months. To measure culturally-sensitive care, we created a composite score by averaging 8 subscales from an adapted version of the Clinicians’ Cultural Sensitivity Survey. We assessed well-child visit quality through the Promoting Healthy Development Survey. Multivariate linear regression was used to understand associations between demographic characteristics and parent-reported culturally-sensitive care. We used multivariate logistic regression to examine associations between culturally-sensitive care and well-child visit quality. Results 212 parents (71% of those approached) completed the survey. Parents born abroad, compared with those born in the US, reported significantly higher culturally-sensitive care scores (+0.21; CI: 0.004, 0.43). Haitian parents reported significantly lower culturally-sensitive care scores compared with non-Hispanic white parents (-0.49; CI: -0.89, -0.09). Parent- reported culturally-sensitive care was significantly associated with higher odds of well-child visit quality including receipt of anticipatory guidance (aOR: 2.68; CI: 1.62, 4.62) and overall well-child visit quality (aOR: 2.54; CI: 1.59, 4.22). Conclusion Consistent with prior research of adult patients, this study demonstrates an association between parent-reported culturally-sensitive care and well-child visit quality. Future research should explore best practices to integrating culturally-sensitive care in pediatric preventive healthcare settings.
Police Brutality, Over-Policing, and Mass Incarceration in African American Film:

This article seeks to examine the role of the police in African American film. Looking at the last three decades of filmmaking, five films stand out as important examples for this study: Do the Rig...
An Examination of Ethnic-Racial Identity and U.S. American Identity among Black, Latino, and White Adolescents

In the United States (U.S.), adolescent identity development occurs within a socio-historical context characterized by an ethnic-racial hierarchy, as well as an unequal distribution of power and pr...
Resources and recommendations for engaging children and adolescents in telemental health interventions during COVID-19 and beyond

The article briefs about the resources and recommendations for engaging children and adolescents in telemental health interventions during COVID-19 and beyond Practitioners working with children and adolescents may need to make adjustments when transitioning therapy services to a telehealth format, particularly in the context of COVID-19, which has created massive disruptions to most youths' daily routines In addition to taking sufficient time to orient youths and their families to telehealth services and increasing use of interactive activities during sessions, providers should also allow space for conversations with their clients about the myriad ways in which COVID-19 has impacted them Although it may feel like a detour from planned session content, we encourage providers to be flexible, as allowing time for youths and their families to acclimate to telehealth services and process the impact of COVID-19 will likely contribute to increased engagement in the long term (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Use of pegylated interferon in young patients with polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are rare disorders in young patients, and because of this, standardized treatment recommendations are not available. Pediatric patients are more frequently treated with hydroxyurea than interferon, yet there are no data suggesting this is the best practice. Current treatment guidelines for adults suggest using interferon as upfront therapy in young patients. We reviewed the cases of 13 young patients with polycythemia vera or essential thrombocythemia, who were treated with interferon. Extreme thrombocytosis was well controlled and the medication was tolerated by many. Our work shows the need for prospective studies evaluating interferon in our youngest patients with MPN.
Composite Endpoints in Cardio-Renal Clinical Outcome Trials

Over the last several decades, major adverse clinical outcomes have been studied in the form of composite endpoints in cardiovascular and renal trials. Great utilities and challenges in the use of ...
Fine-grained part-of-speech tagging in Nepali text

Abstract Part-of-speech (POS) tagging is essential in Natural Language Processing (NLP) and text analysis applications. POS-tagging is a well-researched problem, but there have been limited efforts in fine-grained Nepali POS-tagging. Highly inflectional languages like Nepali encodes information like gender, person, number, mood, and aspect within their words. Accurate disambiguation of these inflected word forms is essential in Nepali text analysis. This work shows that neural network models are great at disambiguating fine-grained morphological information encoded by words in Nepali texts. We experiment with three neural network-based architectures: BiLSTM, BiGRU, and BiLSTM-CRF. Our results show that deep-learning based models can capture fine-grained morphological information encoded by Nepali words given a large enough corpus. We trained all the models in this work using two embeddings: pre-trained multi-lingual BERT and randomly initialized Bare embeddings. We found that training a randomly initialized Bare embedding is better than the ones trained using large pre-trained multi-lingual BERT embedding for downstream tasks in Nepali like POS tagging. Among the tested models, the BiLSTM-CRF with the Bare embedding performed the best and achieved a new state-of-the-art F1 score of 98.51% for fine-grained Nepali POS tagging.
The Optimal Timing of Strategic Action – A Real Options Approach

The possibility of a first-mover advantage arises in a variety of strategic choices, including product introductions, business start-ups, and mergers and acquisitions. The strategic management literature reflects ambiguity regarding the likelihood that a first mover can or will capture additional value. This paper uses a real options approach to address the optimal timing of strategic moves. Previous studies have modeled real options using either a perpetual or a European financial option. With these models, a strategic choice could only be made either without respect to a time frame (perpetual) or at a fixed point in time (European option.) Neither case is realistic. Companies typically have strategic options with only a limited time frame due to market factors, but companies may choose to act at any time within that constraint. To reflect this reality, we adapt a method for valuing an American financial option on a dividend paying stock to the real options context. The method presented in this paper proposes a solution for the optimum value for a project that should trigger a strategic choice, and highlights the value lost by not acting optimally. We use simulation results to show that the time frame available to make a strategic choice has an important effect on both the project value for when action should be taken, as well as on the value of waiting to invest at the optimal time. The results presented in this paper help to clarify the ambiguity that is found in the strategic management literature regarding the possibility of obtaining a first-mover advantage. Indeed, a first mover that acts sub-optimally could incur losses or at least not gain any advantage. A first mover that waits to invest at the right time based on the superior information supplied by models based on real options could be better positioned
The configurational effects of board monitoring and the institutional environment on CEO compensation: a country-level fuzzy-set analysis

This study examines the causal complexity of how the effectiveness of board monitoring influences CEO compensation around the world. Previous research drawing from the managerial power theory and ‘increased career risks’ perspective offer alternative arguments for how low and high levels of effective monitoring by boards of directors influence CEO compensation. Adopting a configurational approach using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, we explore the idea that there are multiple causal paths leading to high levels of CEO compensation, such that theoretical logic from both theories may be relevant contingent upon the institutional environment in which the relationship is embedded. Our findings in a sample of 38 countries suggest that high CEO compensation is an outcome of both the presence and absence of effective board monitoring depending upon how it combines with minority investor protections and the cultural dimensions of power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and individualism, as well as the overall stock market value. Specifically, in countries with high levels of effective board monitoring, high CEO compensation will be more likely when the country’s culture is high in uncertainty avoidance, low in power distance and when there are strong protections for minority investors. Whereas in countries with low levels of effective board monitoring, high CEO compensation will be more likely when power distance is high and uncertainty avoidance is low and when there are weak protections for minority investors. Our country-level study highlights the theoretical strengths of employing a configurational approach to explore the complex interrelationships of governance mechanisms and the contexts in which they manifest.
Body and Space in Representing Space in Turkish, Croatian, Austrian, and American Sign Languages

Languages differ from each other in their lexicalization patterns (Pederson et al, 1998) yet are similar, e.g. in event segmentation that constrain linguistic representations of space (Bohnemeyer et al, 2007). Many approaches take location and motion as the basic conceptual structures in natural language (e.g. Jackendoff ,1990). Also, reference frames are considered as the building blocks of spatial language (Levinson, 2003). This paper provides a model that presents evidence from the four unrelated sign languages (TID, HZJ, OGS, and ASL), which use human body and space around to represent spatial relations. Psycholinguistic experimental results from native Deaf TID, HZJ, OGS, ASL signers support the idea that whereas locative relations of objects, their intrinsic properties, and the perspective of the viewer constitute primary information about the spatial relations of the entities, a natural human language may not encode all of this information in its morphology. Using two sets of stimuli to elicit descriptions of object relations (a) on a table-top space with no motion (left vs. right, front vs. back) and (b) with motion (lateral vs. sagittal), we found differences between the presented layout and the linguistic descriptions provided by the signers. First, relationals (left, right) and directionals (to, toward) were not used in the signed descriptions. Second, perspective was linguistically unmarked. Third, the SLs differed from each other in representing relations on a table-top space with/without motion regardless of the 'real world' arrangements. Exact matches were highest in HZJ, lowest in TID, with ASL and OGS in between. These findings are contra the claims that spatial language in SLs are iconic (Emmorey & Herzig, 2003; Talmy, 2006). To account for similarities and differences found in the experimental data, we have developed a model for TID, HZJ, OGS, and ASL spatial language. In our model, Spatial Representation (SR) encodes information about the geometric format of entities and the viewer's point of view. Conceptual Structure (CS), on the other hand, encodes ontological categories, their functions, and filler positions. Linguistic Representation (LR) reflects lexicon, syntax, and information structure. SR, CS, and LR are all linked to each other where the overall representation is made online. This study shows how spatial meaning, linguistic form, and signers' body interact with each other in space in sign languages.
On the KO Characteristic Cycle of a Spin c Manifold

We compute the KO-characteristic numbers of a characteristic submanifold of a Spinc manifold in terms of its K-characteristic numbers. The proof is based on the geometry of the Thom class in K-theory and is simpler than the existing proofs of several previously known special cases.
Wednesday's children : a study of child neglect and abuse

Covering the proceedings of the 2000 International Conference on Hydroinformatics, this volume addresses a variety of technological issues relating to all aspects of water management. It covers data aquisition and management; data mining; decision support; experience with modelling; ecology and water quality; forecasting; genetic algorithms; geographic information systems; Internet; integration of technologies; nonlinear analysis; numerical engines; neural networks; software tools; and uncertainty analysis.
Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District v. Grumet: A Religious Group's Quest For Its Own Public School

The case of Kiryas Joel School District v. Grumet, handed down by the Supreme Court in 1994, involving the quest of a religious group to establish its own public school, attracted national attention. Seemingly, the Supreme Court vindicated the civil libertarian position that creating a public school district in the religiously homogeneous village of Kiryas Joel, established and populated exclusively by members of the Satmar sect of ultra-Orthodox Hasidic Jews, constituted a violation of the principle of separation between church and state embodied in the establishment clause. In fact, the Court's decision did no such thing. Instead, it offered a jumble of opinions, invalidating the New York statute that authorized the establishment of a school district in Kiryas Joel on narrow (and confused) grounds, which permitted the state to renew its authorization of the Kiryas Joel Public School District with the passage of a new statute designed not to single out the Satmar community for special benefit. This essay, part of a book series on landmark law and religion cases intended for students, explores the background to the case as well as its convoluted reasoning. It argues that the contradictions and ambiguities exhibited in the judicial opinions issued in this case reflect unresolved tensions within the Court's jurisprudence concerning Establishment Clause ideals, in particular, a tension between one line of reasoning which frowns upon state support for religious group separatism and another line of reasoning, currently more dominant, which permits, even encourages, group separatism so long as every group as an equal opportunity to engage in separatist practices. The essay situates this tension in the Court's reasoning in the larger split emerging in the culture at large in the 1980s and the 1990s between newly fashionable multiculturalist/communitarian, and older civil libertarian integrationist ideals.