cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical Detection of MYC-driven Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease. A small subset of DLBCLs has translocations involving the MYC locus and an additional group has a molecular signature resembling Burkitt lymphoma (mBL). Presently, identification of such cases by morphology is unreliable and relies on cytogenetic or complex molecular methods such as gene transcriptional profiling. Herein, we describe an immunohistochemical (IHC) method for identifying DLBCLs with increased MYC protein expression. We tested 77 cases of DLBCL and identified 15 cases with high MYC protein expression (nuclear staining in >50% of tumor cells). All MYC translocation positive cases had increased MYC protein expression by this IHC assay. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of the DLBCL transcriptional profiles revealed that tumors with increased MYC protein expression (regardless of underlying MYC translocation status) had coordinate upregulation of MYC target genes, providing molecular confirmation of the IHC results. We then generated a molecular classifier derived from the MYC IHC results in our cases and employed it to successfully classify mBLs from two previously reported independent case series, providing additional confirmation that the MYC IHC results identify clinically important subsets of DLBCLs. Lastly, we found that DLBCLs with high MYC protein expression had inferior overall survival when treated with R-CHOP. In conclusion, the IHC method described herein can be used to readily identify the biologically and clinically distinct cases of MYC-driven DLBCL, which represent a clinically significant subset of DLBCL cases due to their inferior overall survival.
Pipelined Parallel FFT Architectures via Folding Transformation

This paper presents a novel approach to develop parallel pipelined architectures for the fast Fourier transform (FFT). A formal procedure for designing FFT architectures using folding transformation and register minimization techniques is proposed. Novel parallel-pipelined architectures for the computation of complex and real valued fast Fourier transform are derived. For complex valued Fourier transform (CFFT), the proposed architecture takes advantage of under utilized hardware in the serial architecture to derive L-parallel architectures without increasing the hardware complexity by a factor of L. The operating frequency of the proposed architecture can be decreased which in turn reduces the power consumption. Further, this paper presents new parallel-pipelined architectures for the computation of real-valued fast Fourier transform (RFFT). The proposed architectures exploit redundancy in the computation of FFT samples to reduce the hardware complexity. A comparison is drawn between the proposed designs and the previous architectures. The power consumption can be reduced up to 37% and 50% in 2-parallel CFFT and RFFT architectures, respectively. The output samples are obtained in a scrambled order in the proposed architectures. Circuits to reorder these scrambled output sequences to a desired order are presented.
Piezoelectric detection of optoacoustic spectra at cryogenic temperatures: neodymium hydroxide below 10 K

The first piezoelectric detector for pulsed dye laser-excited optoacoustic spectroscopy of powders at cryogenic temperatures is reported. High-resolution f-f spectra of neodymium hydroxide below 10 K are presented to demonstrate its utility. Spectral simplification due to depopulation of upper Stark components of the ground state as well as significant line narrowing is observed relative to the room-temperature spectra.
Wavelets in Temporal and Spatial Processing of Biomedical Images

▪ Abstract We review some of the most recent advances in the area of wavelet applications in medical imaging. We first review key concepts in the processing of medical images with wavelet transforms and multiscale analysis, including time-frequency tiling, overcomplete representations, higher dimensional bases, symmetry, boundary effects, translational invariance, orientation selectivity, and best-basis selection. We next describe some applications in magnetic resonance imaging, including activation detection and denoising of functional magnetic resonance imaging and encoding schemes. We then present an overview in the area of ultrasound, including computational anatomy with three-dimensional cardiac ultrasound. Next, wavelets in tomography are reviewed, including their relationship to the radon transform and applications in position emission tomography imaging. Finally, wavelet applications in digital mammography are reviewed, including computer-assisted diagnostic systems that support the detection and ...
SOME CONDITIONS FOR THE EQUIVALENCE OF WEAK AND STRONG F-REGULARITY

ABSTRACT We show that all forms of F-regularity are equivalent for rings in which a sufficiently large symbolic power of an anti-canonical ideal has small enough analytic spread. We also show that if R is weakly F-regular and has a two-generated anti-canonical ideal then R is strongly F-regular. Both of these results then have implications for the existence of test elements.
Prognostic factors for alveolar regeneration: bone formation at teeth and titanium implants.

Objectives: There is a limited understanding of the effect of defect characteristics on alveolar bone healing. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of alveolar bone width and space provision on bone regeneration at teeth and titanium implants, and to test the hypothesis that the regenerative potentials at teeth and implants are not significantly different. Methods: Critical size, 5–6-mm, supra-alveolar, periodontal defects were surgically created in 10 young adult dogs. Similarly, critical size, 5-mm, supra-alveolar, peri-implant defects were created in four dogs. A space-providing expanded polytetrafluoroethylene device was implanted for guided tissue regeneration/guided bone regeneration. The animals were euthanized at 8 weeks postsurgery. Histometric analysis assessed alveolar bone regeneration (height) relative to space provision by the device and the width of the alveolar crest at the base of the defect. Statistical analysis used the linear mixed models. Results: A significant correlation was found between bone width and wound area (r=0.55892, p<0.0001). Generally, bone width and wound area had statistically significant effects on the extent of bone regeneration (p<0.0005 and p<0.0001, respectively). Bone regeneration was linearly correlated with the bone width at periodontal (p<0.001) and implant (p=0.04) sites, and with the wound area at periodontal (p<0.0001) and implant (p=0.03) sites. The relationships of bone regeneration with these two variables were not significantly different between teeth and implants (bone width: p=0.83; wound area: p=0.09). When adjusted for wound area, bone regeneration was significantly greater at periodontal than at implant sites (p=0.047). Conclusions: The horizontal dimension of the alveolar bone influences space provision. Space provision and horizontal dimension of the alveolar bone appear to be important determinants of bone regeneration at teeth and implants. The extent of alveolar bone formation at implant sites is limited compared with that at periodontal sites.
Putting a Face to MHC Restriction

It is now an immunological fact that small peptides bound to polymorphic MHC molecules are the antigenic ligands recognized by αβ TCRs. All of protective immunity is built from and fueled by these interactions, as are the chronic diseases of autoimmunity and hypersensitivity that afflict affluent
METHANE AND CARBON DIOXIDE DYNAMICS IN WETLAND MESOCOSMS: EFFECTS OF HYDROLOGY AND SOILS

Methane and carbon dioxide fluxes in created and restored wetlands, and the influence of hydrology and soils on these fluxes, have not been extensively documented. Minimizing methane fluxes while maximizing productivity is a relevant goal for wetland restoration and creation projects. In this study we used replicated wetland mesocosms to investigate relationships between contrasting hydrologic and soil conditions, and methane and carbon dioxide fluxes in emergent marsh systems. Hydrologic treatments consisted of an intermittent flooding regime vs. continuously inundated conditions, and soil treatments utilized hydric vs. non-hydric soils. Diurnal patterns of methane flux were examined to shed light on the relationship between emergent macrophytes and methane emissions for comparison with vegetation–methane relationships reported from natural wetlands. Microbially available organic carbon content was significantly greater in hydric soils than non-hydric soils, despite similar organic matter contents in the...
Application of Reconfigurable Computing to a High Performance Front-End Radar Signal Processor

Many radar sensor systems demand high performance front-end signal processing. The high processing throughput is driven by the fast analog-to-digital conversion sampling rate, the large number of sensor channels, and stringent requirements on the filter design leading to a large number of filter taps. The computational demands range from tens to hundreds of billion operations per second (GOPS). Fortunately, this processing is very regular, highly parallel, and well suited to VLSI hardware. We recently fielded a system consisting of 100 GOPS designed using custom VLSI chips. The system can adapt to different filter coefficients as a function of changes in the transmitted radar pulse. Although the computation is performed on custom VLSI chips, there are important reasons to attempt to solve this problem using adaptive computing devices. As feature size shrinks and field programmable gate arrays become more capable, the same filtering operation will be feasible using reconfigurable electronics. In this paper we describe the hardware architecture of this high performance radar signal processor, technology trends in reconfigurable computing, and present an alternate implementation using emerging reconfigurable technologies. We investigate the suitability of a Xilinx Virtex chip (XCV1000) to this application. Results of simulating and implementing the application on the Xilinx chip is also discussed.
Oxidizer Selection for the ISTAR Program (Liquid Oxygen versus Hydrogen Peroxide)

This paper discusses a study of two alternate oxidizers, liquid oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, for use in a rocket based combined cycle (RBCC) demonstrator vehicle. The flight vehicle is baselined as an airlaunched self-powered Mach 0.7 to 7 demonstration of an RBCC engine through all or its air breathing propulsion modes. Selection of an alternate oxidizer has the potential to lower overall vehicle size, system complexity/ cost and ultimately the total program risk. This trade study examined the oxidizer selection effects upon the overall vehicle performance, safety and operations. After consideration of all the technical and programmatic details available at this time, 90% hydrogen peroxide was selected over liquid oxygen for use in this program.
A fuzzy logic-based intelligent controller for contact management data integration

The paper is concerned with the problem of intelligent control in the selection of data, models, and processing alternatives for contact management data integration in an undersea environment. A fuzzy-logic based system, developed for automating this selection process under uncertainty, is presented. This involves the application of a network of fuzzy inference systems and a knowledge-based decision algorithm, and is implemented as a process controller. The process controller is designed to provide decision support within a hierarchical data processing framework. Two fuzzy inference systems are detailed for inferring information essential to data integration which includes system observability and contact kinematics. In addition, a novel technique for handling uncertainty in the input data to a fuzzy inference system is summarized. Experimental results, using simulated data, are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this concept. Recommendations for future research are also included.
Gender‐specific Research on Mental Illness in the Emergency Department: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

Mental illness is a growing, and largely unaddressed, problem for the population and for emergency department (ED) patients in particular. Extensive literature outlines sex and gender differences in mental illness' epidemiology and risk and protective factors. Few studies, however, examined sex and gender differences in screening, diagnosis, and management of mental illness in the ED setting. Our consensus group used the nominal group technique to outline major gaps in knowledge and research priorities for these areas, including the influence of violence and other risk factors on the course of mental illness for ED patients. Our consensus group urges the pursuit of this research in general and conscious use of a gender lens when conducting, analyzing, and authoring future ED-based investigations of mental illness.
Metastatic Renal Cancer Treated with Interleukin-2 and Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells: A Phase II Clinical Trial

STUDY OBJECTIVE To confirm the antitumor efficacy of treatment with interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells in patients with metastatic renal cancer. DESIGN Nonrandomized, phase II clinical trial. SETTING Tertiary care units in university medical centers. PATIENTS Consecutive trial of 35 patients with metastatic or unresectable renal cell cancer who have bidimensionally measurable disease, performance status 0 or 1, and normal function of all vital organs. Thirty-two patients completed interleukin-2 priming and received at least one lymphokine-activated killer cell infusion. Three patients were removed from the study and did not receive infusion of cells secondary to rapid tumor progression or toxicity. INTERVENTIONS Patients initially received recombinant interleukin-2, 100,000 units/kg body weight every 8 hours, on days 1 to 5 in a priming phase to stimulate lymphokine-activated killer cell precursors and effector activity in vivo. Leukapheresis was done on days 8 to 12 and lymphocytes were cultured in vitro with interleukin-2 for 3 to 4 days to amplify lymphokine-activated killer cell activity. Finally, interleukin-2, 100,000 units/kg every 8 hours, was infused with cultured cells on days 12 to 16. All doses of interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells were administered in intensive care units. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The mean number of doses of interleukin-2 administered during the priming phase was 12.9 +/- 0.4; the mean number of lymphokine-activated killer cells reinfused was 7.0 +/- 0.6 X 10(10); and the mean number of interleukin-2 doses administered during the last phase was 10.2 +/- 0.6. The overall objective response rate was 16%; two patients had complete responses and three patients had partial responses with greater than 50% reduction of all measurable tumor. The complete responders remain disease-free at 12 and 9 months. Two partial responders have not had tumor regrowth at 16 and 15 months. The third partial responder relapsed at 4 months. Toxicity was severe but generally of short duration and manageable. There were no treatment-related deaths. Hypotension, weight gain, anemia, and elevations of serum creatinine levels and liver enzymes were common. Two patients required intubation; one patient had a myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS This phase II study confirms the antitumor activity of interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cell therapy in patients with metastatic or unresectable renal cell cancer. Response rates, especially complete remission rates, are comparable or better than rates achieved with other forms of therapy.
Exact and approximate maximum-likelihood parameter estimation for quasi-synchronous CDMA signals

In order to construct the optimal decorrelator for a quasi-synchronous (QS) code-division multiple-access receiver, it is necessary to estimate the user delays. However, in a QS system, it is shown that delay estimation is equivalent to estimating a parameter vector which is related linearly to the received signal. An exact maximum-likelihood (ML) solution using alternating maximization is first developed for joint estimation of the user delay vectors and amplitudes. Suboptimal recursive least squares (RLS) and least mean square algorithms are then presented which approximate the true ML solution. It is shown that the optimal decorrelator and demodulated symbols are also generated by the RLS algorithm. Simulation and analytical results are presented for the bit-error rate performance of the adaptive receiver, and the average squared error of the estimated delay vectors is compared with the Cramer-Rao bound.
Unraveling Communications Among Family Members

A role-based perspective is developed, including roles occurring in reciprocal pairs such as father-daughter, manager-subordinate, spouse-spouse, stockholder-employee. A conceptual model of role-to-role communications is outlined and the communication process among family members as role performers is discussed. Suggestions for enhancing family communications are noted.
Social Theory and Feminist Theory: The Need for Dialogue

Two developments in social theory, one somewhat older than the other, are raising a similar set of concerns. One, the older, is the critique of positivism as a model for social understanding, and in its most exemplary form provides the underpinnings for the trenchant criticism that has come out of the Frankfurt School. The second, the mole recent, comes out of Women's Studies and, like the critical theory of Jurgen Habermas and his predecessors, speaks to the need to understand human beings based on methods other than empiricism. I should like to propose the joining in dialogue of the two, for while I see them as having much in common, I recognize a carefully considered set of arguments coming out of the Frankfurt School, arguments which could enhance the very understanding of the world of women that feminist scholarship has as its objective. After explicating some key arguments out of Alfred Schutz, the paper indicates where the Frankfurt School parts ways with the phenomenological tradition. Of particular import is Habermas' “emancipatory interest.” Certain recent writings in feminist theory are looked at for the kind of attack they make on scientism and for the rationale behind their call for a turn to the phenomenological or hermeneutic method. The paper then raises concerns about (1) the importance of understanding the historical debates on positivism; (2) the danger of conflating intuition and hermeneutics; and (3) the suggestions that women may occupy a privileged standpoint from which to interpret the social world.
Generalized file system dependencies

Reliable storage systems depend in part on "write-before" relationships where some changes to stable storage are delayed until other changes commit. A journaled file system, for example, must commit a journal transaction before applying that transaction's changes, and soft updates and other consistency enforcement mechanisms have similar constraints, implemented in each case in system-dependent ways. We present a general abstraction, the patch, that makes write-before relationships explicit and file system agnostic. A patch-based file system implementation expresses dependencies among writes, leaving lower system layers to determine write orders that satisfy those dependencies. Storage system modules can examine and modify the dependency structure, and generalized file system dependencies are naturally exportable to user level. Our patch-based storage system, Feather stitch, includes several important optimizations that reduce patch overheads by orders of magnitude. Our ext2 prototype runs in the Linux kernel and supports a synchronous writes, soft updates-like dependencies, and journaling. It outperforms similarly reliable ext2 and ext3 configurations on some, but not all, benchmarks. It also supports unusual configurations, such as correct dependency enforcement within a loopback file system, and lets applications define consistency requirements without micromanaging how those requirements are satisfied.
Inter-Observer Variation in Identifying Mammals from Their Tracks at Enclosed Track Plate Stations

Abstract Enclosed track plate stations are a common method to detect mammalian carnivores. Studies rely on these data to make inferences about geographic range, population status and detectability. Despite their popularity, there has been no effort to document inter-observer variation in identifying the species that leave their tracks. Four previous field crew leaders identified the tracks of carnivores and non-carnivores on 105 track sheets from enclosed track plate stations that were used in field studies in California. Because the identity of the species was unknown, we evaluated the consistency in identifications among the 4 observers. The observers were in agreement on the identity of tracks on 73.3% of the track sheets. Considering only the putative carnivore tracks, the agreement was higher (86.8%) and was higher still (95.4%) when the lowest quality carnivore tracks were excluded. American martens (Martes americana) and fishers (M. pennanti) are important species from a conservation perspective, a...
Postcoloniality and Religiosity in Modern China The Disenchantments of Sovereignty

In the long 20th century, modern China experienced perhaps the world’s most radical and systematic secularization process and the decimation of traditional religious and ritual cultures. This artic...
Semiparametric inferences for association with semi‐competing risks data

In many biomedical studies, it is of interest to assess dependence between bivariate failure time data. We focus here on a special type of such data, referred to as semi-competing risks data. In this article, we develop methods for making inferences regarding dependence of semi-competing risks data across strata of a discrete covariate Z. A class of rank statistics for testing constancy of association across strata are proposed; its asymptotic properties are also derived. We develop a novel re-sampling-based technique for calculating the variances of the proposed test statistics. In addition, we develop methods for combining test statistics for assessing marginal effects of Z on the dependent censoring variable as well as its effects on association. The finite-sample properties of the proposed methodology are assessed using simulation studies, and they are applied to data from a leukaemia transplantation study.
Research and Practice of Student Retention: What Next?:

After reviewing the state of student retention research and practice, past and present, the author looks to the future and identifies three areas of research and practice that call for further exploration. These concern issues of institutional action, program implementation, and the continuing challenge of promoting the success of low-income students.
Low-Cost Pyrometric Temperature Measurement in Concentrated Sunlight With Emissivity Determination

A method for correcting pyrometric temperature measurements of high temperature objects with unknown emissivity is presented. The method also estimates surface emissivity a the pyrometer wavelengths. It is particularly useful for correcting errors due to reflected light in solar heating applications. The method requires two or more narrow band pyrometers and can be applied to low-cost commercial instruments. The method analyzes the temperature measurements of multiple pyrometers operating at different wavelengths across a range of sample temperatures to solve for the surface emissivities that minimize the differences in temperature measurements. The temperature measurements are corrected using the new emissivities values. Simulated temperature data with both random noise and systematic errors is used to assess the robustness of the analysis method. When applied to temperature data from a solar furnace, it is shown to significantly decrease the difference in the temperature measurements of two single-color pyrometers. This method provides a potential low cost solution for pyrometric temperature measurement of solar-heated objects.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Striatal Dopamine, Externalizing Proneness, and Substance Abuse Effects on Wanting and Learning During Reward-Based Decision Making

We examined whether striatal dopamine moderates the impact of externalizing proneness (disinhibition) on reward-based decision-making. Participants completed disinhibition and substance abuse subscales of the brief form Externalizing Spectrum Inventory, and then performed a delay discounting task to assess preference for immediate rewards along with a dynamic decision-making task that assessed long-term reward learning (i.e., inclination to choose larger delayed versus smaller immediate rewards). Striatal tonic dopamine levels were operationalized using spontaneous eyeblink rate. Regression analyses revealed that high disinhibition predicted greater delay discounting among participants with lower levels of striatal dopamine only, while substance abuse was associated with poorer long-term learning among individuals with lower levels of striatal dopamine, but better long-term learning in those with higher levels of striatal dopamine. These results suggest that disinhibition is more strongly associated with the wanting component of reward-based decision-making, whereas substance abuse behavior is associated more with learning of long-term action-reward contingencies.
Common Enzymological Experiments Allow Free Energy Profile Determination

The determination of a complete set of rate constants [free energy profiles (FEPs)] for a complex kinetic mechanism is challenging. Enzymologists have devised a variety of informative steady-state kinetic experiments (e.g., Michaelis-Menten kinetics, viscosity dependence of kinetic parameters, kinetic isotope effects, etc.) that each provide distinct information regarding a particular kinetic system. A simple method for combining steady-state experiments in a single analysis is presented here, which allows microscopic rate constants and intrinsic kinetic isotope effects to be determined. It is first shown that Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters (kcat and Km values), kinetic isotope efffets, solvent viscosity effects, and intermediate partitioning measurements are sufficient to define the rate constants for a reversible uni-uni mechanism with an intermediate, EZ, between the ES and EP complexes. Global optimization provides the framework for combining the independent experimental measurements, and the search for rate constants is performed using algorithms implemented in the biochemical software COPASI. This method is applied to the determination of FEPs for both alanine racemase and triosephosphate isomerase. The FEPs obtained from global optimization agree with those in the literature, with important exceptions. The method opens the door to routine and large-scale determination of FEPs for enzymes.
Environment-Controlled Dislocation Migration and Superplasticity in Monolayer MoS2.

The two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC, of generic formula MX2) monolayer displays the “triple-decker” structure with the chemical bond organization much more complex than in well-studied monatomic layers of graphene or boron nitride. Accordingly, the makeup of the dislocations in TMDC permits chemical variability, depending sensitively on the equilibrium with the environment. In particular, first-principles calculations show that dislocations state can be switched to highly mobile, profoundly changing the lattice relaxation and leading to superplastic behavior. With 2D MoS2 as an example, we construct full map for dislocation dynamics, at different chemical potentials, for both the M- and X-oriented dislocations. Depending on the structure of the migrating dislocation, two different dynamic mechanisms are revealed: either the direct rebonding (RB) mechanism where only a single metal atom shifts slightly, or generalized Stone–Wales (SWg) rotation in which several atoms undergo sig...
Vascular waterfall phenomenon in the bovine.

SummaryIn 32 hemodynamic studies on 26 unanesthetized normal calves (average weight 103 kg) lying restrained on their side abdominal inferior vena cava (IVC) and right atrial (RA) pressures obtained by catheter withdrawal under fluoroscopy were 15 ± 0.9 and 2 ± 0.5 mm Hg, respectively. The change in pressure occurred at the level of the diaphragm. Positive and negative variations in RA pressure corresponding to the respiratory cycle were not observed in the IVC pressure recorded below the diaphragm. In 5 calves IVC pressure was 2 ± 1.7 mm Hg standing and 16 ± 1.5 mm Hg while restrained on their side. In 17 calves with Brisket disease (BD) restrained on their side RA pressure was 36 ± 2.0 mm Hg without an IVC to RA gradient. The data suggest that significant narrowing of the IVC occurs at the level of the diaphragm in normal calves lying on their side presumably related to the effect of the weight of the abdominal contents on the IVC transmural pressure. The absence of an ICV to RA pressure gradient in cal...
Formal causation and the explanation of intentionality in descartes

Etude de la conception de la causation formelle developpee par Descartes contre la theorie scolastique des especes. Definissant la cause comme premisse de l'explication, Descartes substitue a l'explication des formes substantielles et des especes intentionnelles l'explication de la formation des idees concernant la perception des sens
Incidence of Hand-foot-and-mouth Disease and Control Measures Analysis in Huairou District of Beijing City during 2007—2008

[Objective]To understand the incidence of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD),to evaluate the effect of control measures,and provide evidence for developing related control measures and strategies.[Methods] All HFMD cases in Huairou District during 2007-2008 were analyzed,through the address confirmation in National Disease Surveillance Information and Report Management System.[Results]The peak of incidence appeared in 5-8 months and children under 7 years had the highest incidence,especially for children who were in nursery school or dispersedly resident. As a result of implementing a series of prevention and control measures,the incidence of HFMD in 2008 (103 cases) decreased more significantly than that in 2007(477 cases).[Conclusion]"Strong leadership,close cooperation,relying on science,group guard and control,decisive disposal" are effective measures to deal with infectious diseases.
The Spectra Analysis of Ili Coal Tar

The composition and related structure parameters of coal tar from Ili area coal in Xinjiang was studied by NMR spectra and IR spectrum,and related structure parameters were calculated,and hence the coalification degree and hydrocarbon generation capacity of crude were evaluated by these data.The result showed that the average rate of aromatic carbon was 0.66,carbon number N=1.70,replace index(σ) was 0.48,condensation index(Q) was 0.56 with condensation aromatic nuclear connected alkyl-side chain more and chain length was relatively short.Five IR parameters of spectrum was chosen to process the spectra with vector normalization and integral by using OPUS software.The parameters obtained from NMR and IR spectrum indicated that the crude coal was metamorphic grade for medium,its type belongs to vitrinite mainly by humic coal and functional groups of containing Oxygen mainly existed in the form of aryl ethers.According to Hydrocarbon generation mechanism,the gas potentiality of coal tar was more than oil.Its gas potential carbon was mainly methyl units.Thus,Ili area coal is optimal to be utilized as raw material to coal gas.
Rat calcium-sensing receptor is regulated by vitamin D but not by calcium.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion is regulated by extracellular calcium acting through a cell surface calcium receptor (CaR). We have examined the potential regulation of the CaR in the parathyro...
CHARMM Molecular Dynamics of the Blood Group Glycolipids in Popc Lipid Bilayer

Abstract:The Blood group is known to contain essential glycolipids present mainly in the saliva and blood cells of the human body. The glycolipids simulated in this research are categorized under three groups: ABO, Lewis, and P1PK Antigens. Although the exact physiological functions of the blood group antigens remain unknown, the molecular dynamics of these certain glycolipids in a system can be simulated and observed in hope to gain more insight on overall knowledge of blood group antigens. Using CHARMM, a biomolecular simulation program, along with the CHARMM-GUI membrane builder, various glycolipids of the blood group were built into a system of a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) lipid bilayer. Only glycolipids with an 18:0 18:1 ceramide tail were used and every system was characterized by a 64 POPC per leaflet bilayer excluding that of p’-antigen (3’-LM1), which used 72 POPC per leaflet. In order to prepare each system for simulation, the systems were built through a strict procedure. With seven formulaic steps, the system building is complete, and various properties of these systems can then be observed. A series of five steps is required to complete the system construction, while step six and seven deals with the addition and removing of force constants in the system. Useful applications include use of analysis scripts to calculate the root mean square distance of the sugar portion of each glycolipid and its tilt angle by observing the position of the terminal atom on each glycolipid branch with respect to the z-axis.
Redefining the Defensive Line: Critical Components of the Innate Immune System

The human body harbors over a trillion microorganisms; the innate immune system is charged with a tremendous task: to recognize “the needle in the haystack” or, in other words, to sense the pathogen in this milieu. In this viewpoint, three recent discoveries in the field of innate immunity are discussed, highlighting how in each case multiple disciplines worked together to expand the elements of the innate immune system.
What if Prometheus had steatosis? Potential use of FGF19 to promote regeneration of the fatty liver

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the excess accumulation of triglycerides in the liver, can lead to liver-associated morbidity and mortality1 and is associated with extrahepatic disorders such as diabetes, obesity and increased cardiovascular risk. NAFLD is becoming extremely prevalent, estimated to affect 30%–45% of the population in the USA.2 ,3 Given this high prevalence, the impact of NAFLD has become important in other aspects of medical care; one such aspect is liver surgery. Patients with steatosis who undergo major hepatic resection are at an increased risk for perioperative complications and mortality,4 and the regeneration of the liver postresection is slower in the obese and those with NAFLD.5 ,6 Furthermore, in liver transplantation, steatotic grafts show decreased graft survival and function.7 Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and its mouse ortholog Fgf15 are peptide hormones with myriad metabolic functions. Driven by luminal bile acid content and farnesoid X receptor, FGF15/19 is expressed in, and secreted from, the terminal ileum and closes the eneterohepatic feedback loop by acting on the liver to decrease hepatic bile acid synthesis. In addition, FGF15/19 regulates hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism, and affects energy expenditure and food …
The classical nature of distinctive CMML monocytes.

In this issue of Blood, Talati et al use multiparameter flow cytometry to immunophenotypically characterize peripheral blood cells of patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) as being comprised of a quantitatively increased subset of the disease9s hallmark cells, the classical monocytes.1 This finding provides an additive marker for establishing the diagnosis of this disorder as being a myeloid clonal hemopathy with a spectrum of abnormal proliferative and differentiative clinical features.
Stress Effect on Ultrasonic Wave Propagation Through the Solid-Solid and Liquid-Solid Plane Interface

Ultrasonic wave propagation in prestressed materials has been studied extensively in the last 40 years. Most of this work was concentrated on the effect of stress on the velocities of different types of ultrasonic waves in homogeneous materials. Actually stresses affect not only wave velocities but also the boundary conditions at the interface. Many practical applications of ultrasonic stress characterization involve wave propagation through the interface between fluid and solid or two solids. In immersion measurements one needs to consider the effect of stress on wave propagation from fluid to solid. This leads to change in propagation direction and energy redistribution. Also additional modes could be excited leading to stress-induced birefringence. These are all important phenomena which require rigorous quantitative description since the stress effect in general is very small. Another important problem is ultrasonic characterization of residual stresses in composite materials [1]. It involves wave propagation through an interface between layers with different properties and stress levels.
Nanostructural evolution and behavior of H and Li in ion-implanted γ-LiAlO2

Abstract In-situ He + ion irradiation is performed under a helium ion microscope to study nanostructural evolution in polycrystalline γ-LiAlO 2 pellets. Various locations within a grain, across grain boundaries and at a cavity are selected. The results exhibit He bubble formation, grain-boundary cracking, nanoparticle agglomeration, increasing surface brightness with dose, and material loss from the surface. Similar brightening effects at grain boundaries are also observed under a scanning electron microscope. Li diffusion and loss from polycrystalline γ-LiAlO 2 is faster than its monocrystalline counterpart during H 2 + ion implantation at elevated temperatures. There is also more significant H diffusion and release from polycrystalline pellets during thermal annealing of 300 K implanted samples. Grain boundaries and cavities could provide a faster pathway for H and Li diffusion. H release is slightly faster from the 573 K implanted monocrystalline γ-LiAlO 2 during annealing at 773 K. Metal hydrides could be formed preferentially along the grain boundaries to immobilize hydrogen.
El borde del caos: Una visión no lineal de la técnica psicoanalítica

El borde del caos: una vision no lineal de la tecnica psicoanalitica. El campo de la dinamica no lineal (de la teoria del caos) brinda posibilidades de expandir conceptos del proceso psicoanalitico que tienen implicancias tecnicas. Este trabajo describe como los conceptos de “borde del caos”, emergencia, atractor y oscilador acoplado pueden ayudar a dar forma a la teoria analitica, dando lugar asi a una manera de hacer psicoanalisis mas libre y, a la vez, mas solidamente basada en una comprension ampliada de las modalidades de funcionamiento del psicoanalisis que algunas de las recomendaciones tecnicas actuales. Ejemplos tomados de un analisis prolongado de un paciente con un trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo muestran este enfoque en accion.
The Older Technical Professional: Managing for Long-Term Technical Vitality

(1975). The Older Technical Professional: Managing for Long-Term Technical Vitality. Research Management: Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 15-19.
Deep Tissue Multi-Wavelength Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging

We demonstrate the potential of spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) with tissue compression to image lesions located deep beneath tissue surface, and present a new multi-wavelength SFDI prototype capable of monitoring hemodynamic changes.
Comparison of Two Lidocaine Administration Techniques on Perceived Pain From Bedside Procedures: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background Lidocaine is used to alleviate procedural pain but paradoxically increases pain during injection. Pain perception can be modulated by non-noxious stimuli such as temperature or touch according to the gate control theory of pain. We postulated that lidocaine dripped onto the skin prior to injection would cool or add the sensation of touch at the skin surface to reduce pain perception from the procedure. Methods A randomized clinical trial of patients referred to the procedure service from February 2011 through March 2015 was conducted. All patients received 1% subcutaneous lidocaine injection. Patients randomized to the intervention group had approximately 1 to 2 ml of lidocaine squirted onto the skin surface prior to subcutaneous lidocaine injection. Patients were blinded to the details of the intervention and were surveyed by a blinded investigator to document the primary outcome (severity of pain from the procedure) using a visual analog scale. Results A total of 481 patients provided consent and were randomized to treatment. There was a significant improvement in the primary outcome of procedural pain (control, 16.6 ± 24.8 mm vs 12.2 ± 19.4 mm; P = .03) with the intervention group as assessed by using the visual analog scale score. Pain scores were primarily improved for peripherally inserted central catheters (control, 18.8 ± 25.6 mm vs 12.2 ± 18.2 mm; P = .02) upon subgroup analysis. Conclusions Bedside procedures are exceedingly common. Data regarding the severity of procedural pain and strategies to mitigate it are important for the informed consent process and patient satisfaction. Overall, pain reported from common bedside procedures is low, but pain can be further reduced with the addition of lidocaine onto the skin surface to modulate pain perception. Trial Registry ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT01330134; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
Validation of contrast-enhanced time-resolved magnetic resonance angiography in pre-ablation planning in patients with atrial fibrillation: comparison with traditional technique.

Bolus timing is critical to optimal magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) acquisitions but can be challenging in some patients. Our purpose was to evaluate whether contrast-enhanced time-resolved magnetic resonance angiography (TR-MRA), a dynamic multiphase sequence that does not rely on bolus timing, is a viable alternative method to conventional 3D fast-long angle shot contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA). Coronal subtracted conventional CE-MRA images in 50 consecutive patients presenting for pre-atrial fibrillation ablation pulmonary venous (PV) mapping were compared with 50 TR-MRA images performed in 50 subsequent patients. The TR-MRA protocol was modified to optimize spatial resolution with slightly reduced temporal resolution (6.1 s scan time). Three experienced readers evaluated each scan’s image quality and relative left atrial (LA) opacification based on a 4-point scale and diagnostic PV visualization in a binary fashion. Additionally, LA signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and PV dimensions were measured for both techniques. TR-MRA had significantly higher overall image quality (3.10 ± 0.69 vs. 2.42 ± 0.69, p < 0.0001), and LA opacification scores (3.33 ± 0.70 vs. 2.15 ± 1.13, p < 0.0001) compared to CE-MRA. The proportion of diagnostically visualized pulmonary veins was 137/150 (91%) in the CE-MRA group vs. 147/150 (98%) with TR-MRA (p = 0.010). Both SNR and CNR were higher with TR-MRA vs. CE-MRA (277.9 ± 48.9 vs. 106.8 ± 41, p = 0.002 and 100.3 ± 41.7 vs. 70.7 ± 48.0, p = 0.002, respectively). Inter-reader variance of individual PV measurements for each of the MR techniques ranged between 0.62 and 1.47 mm and the ICC for vein measurements was higher with TR-MRA (range: 0.62–0.81) compared to CE-MRA (range: 0.47–0.64). TR-MRA, modified to maximize spatial resolution, offers an alternative method for performing high quality MRA examinations in patients with AF. TR-MRA offers greater overall image quality, PV visualization, and similarly reproducible PV measurements compared to traditional CE-MRA, without the challenges of proper bolus timing.
The anti-test-ban coalition

(1977). The anti-test-ban coalition. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 51-54.
GPU Acceleration of Nonlinear Modeling by the Discontinuous Galerkin Time-Domain Method

A discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) algorithm is formulated and implemented to model the third-order instantaneous nonlinear effect on electromagnetic fields due the field-dependent medium permittivity. The nonlinear DGTD computation is accelerated using graphics processing units (GPUs). Two nonlinear examples are presented to show the different Kerr effects observed through the third-order nonlinearity. With the acceleration using MPI + GPU under a large cluster environment, the solution times for nonlinear simulations are significantly reduced.
ETS transcription factors induce a unique UV damage signature that drives recurrent mutagenesis in melanoma

Recurrent mutations are frequently associated with transcription factor (TF) binding sites (TFBS) in melanoma, but the mechanism driving mutagenesis at TFBS is unclear. Here, we use a method called CPD-seq to map the distribution of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) across the human genome at single nucleotide resolution. Our results indicate that CPD lesions are elevated at active TFBS, an effect that is primarily due to E26 transformation-specific (ETS) TFs. We show that ETS TFs induce a unique signature of CPD hotspots that are highly correlated with recurrent mutations in melanomas, despite high repair activity at these sites. ETS1 protein renders its DNA binding targets extremely susceptible to UV damage in vitro, due to binding-induced perturbations in the DNA structure that favor CPD formation. These findings define a mechanism responsible for recurrent mutations in melanoma and reveal that DNA binding by ETS TFs is inherently mutagenic in UV-exposed cells.
A Similarity-Based Analysis Tool for Porting OpenMP Applications

Exascale computers are expected to exhibit an unprecedented level of complexity, thereby posing significant challenges for porting applications to these new systems. One of the ways to support this transition is to create tools that allow their users to benefit from prior successful porting experiences. The key to such an approach is the manner in which we define source code similarity, and whether similar codes can be ported in the same way to a given system. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on the notion of similarity that uses static and dynamic code features to check if two serial subroutines can be ported with the same OpenMP strategy. Our approach creates an annotated family distance tree based on the syntactic structure of subroutines, where subroutines that belong to the same syntactic family and share the similar code features have a greater potential to be optimized in the same way. We describe the design and implementation of a tool, based upon a compiler and performance tool, that is used to gather the data to build this porting planning tree. We then validate our approach by analyzing the similarity in subroutines of the serial version of the NAS benchmarks and comparing how they were ported in the OpenMP version of the suite.
Orthodox Act V. Kelvin’s Absolute Temperatures. Clausius’ Second Paper: Irreversibility and Oracling

In 1852 Kelvin1 had presented his ideas on irreversible processes, which he claimed to be “necessary consequences” of his “axiom” about “inanimate material agency” (above, §9B).
An Account of Opinion Implicatures.

While previous sentiment analysis research has concentrated on the interpretation of explicitly stated opinions and attitudes, this work initiates the computational study of a type of opinion implicature (i.e., opinion-oriented inference) in text. This paper described a rule-based framework for representing and analyzing opinion implicatures which we hope will contribute to deeper automatic interpretation of subjective language. In the course of understanding implicatures, the system recognizes implicit sentiments (and beliefs) toward various events and entities in the sentence, often attributed to different sources (holders) and of mixed polarities; thus, it produces a richer interpretation than is typical in opinion analysis.