cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rearrangement of the PH-20 protein on the surface of macaque spermatozoa following exposure to anti-PH-20 antibodies or binding to zona pellucida

Capacitated cynomolgus macaque sperm have a surface hyaluronidase (PH-20) that is evenly distributed over the entire head and can be visualized at the ultrastructural level using a secondary antibody labeled with colloidal gold. Exposure of sperm to monospecific, bivalent polyclonal antibodies to PH-20 causes a rapid clustering of PH-20. The predominant morphological consequence of PH-20 redistribution is its aggregation along the lateral edge of the sperm head. Monovalent Fab fragments of the anti-PH-20 antibody bound to the sperm head but did not induce a change in PH-20 distribution. PH-20 aggregation was observed in almost all sperm following treatment with the polyclonal antibody, but only about 20% of the sperm had morphological acrosome reactions, regardless of the time of exposure or the concentration of antibody. There was morphological evidence of swelling of the acrosomal matrix in over 50% of the sperm following exposure to anti-PH-20 antibodies. Anti-PH-20 Fab fragments did not induce the acrosome reaction or acrosomal matrix swelling. Sperm bound to macaque zona pellucida also showed aggregation of the PH-20 protein as soon as 30 sec after sperm-zona interaction. This aggregation was not observed when macaque sperm were bound to hamster zona pellucida. When macaque sperm were surface-labeled with biotin and then incubated with anti-PH-20 antibodies or macaque zona pellucida, there was no evidence of a global surface protein rearrangement, although PH-20 protein was aggregated on the surface of the same sperm cells. An increase in levels of internal sperm Ca ++ was measured in association with the antibody-induced PH-20 aggregation. Fab fragments did not increase Ca ++ levels, but when they were crosslinked with anti-Fab antibody there was a significant Ca ++ increase and induction of acrosome reactions. Anti-PH-20 Fab fragments did not block macaque sperm binding to macaque zona pellucida or the zona-induced acrosome reaction. We conclude that PH-20 on the sperm surface is involved in sperm-zona pellucida interaction and the zona-induced acrosome reaction.
Technique of Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm Repair

Surgical repair of thoracoabdominal aneurysms (TAA) is a formidable task because of the scope of the procedure and the physiologic consequences of interrupting the blood supply to major organs and segmental spinal arteries. In the early days of repair of these aneurysms, mortality rates as high as 30% were reported. The addition of renal failure and paraplegia associated with repair pushed combined morbidity and mortality rates still higher.’ Dr. Stanley Crawford2 of Baylor University in Houston, Texas, reported his first personal series in 1974. He demonstrated that simplifying the surgical technique by use of graft inclusion and simple aortic cross-clamping without assisted circulation could lower the elective mortality rate to the 10% range and reduce overall significant morbidity rates to 25% with a 15% incidence of paraplegia or paraparesis. His vast experience and results set the standard for r e ~ a i r . ~ Dr. Crawford categorized patients by length of aortic replacement (Crawford types I to IV) and demonstrated that the risks of paraplegia and death were related to the amount of aorta being replaced and the clinical presentation (elective, ruptured, acute, or chronic dissection). He reimplanted intercostal arteries but was unable to demonstrate that reimplantation reduced the incidence of paraplegia, and the paraplegia rate remained constant during his career. He also demonstrated that assisted circulation during repair did not alter the paraplegia risk.4 The risk factors for paraplegia as defined by Dr. Crawford remain constant, and we were able to quantitatively model paraplegia risk.’ These efforts show that 95% or more of the
Error-dependent modulation of speech-induced auditory suppression for pitch-shifted voice feedback

The motor-driven predictions about expected sensory feedback (efference copies) have been proposed to play an important role in recognition of sensory consequences of self-produced motor actions. In the auditory system, this effect was suggested to result in suppression of sensory neural responses to self-produced voices that are predicted by the efference copies during vocal production in comparison with passive listening to the playback of the identical self-vocalizations. In the present study, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in response to upward pitch shift stimuli (PSS) with five different magnitudes (0, +50, +100, +200 and +400 cents) at voice onset during active vocal production and passive listening to the playback. Results indicated that the suppression of the N1 component during vocal production was largest for unaltered voice feedback (PSS: 0 cents), became smaller as the magnitude of PSS increased to 200 cents, and was almost completely eliminated in response to 400 cents stimuli. Findings of the present study suggest that the brain utilizes the motor predictions (efference copies) to determine the source of incoming stimuli and maximally suppresses the auditory responses to unaltered feedback of self-vocalizations. The reduction of suppression for 50, 100 and 200 cents and its elimination for 400 cents pitch-shifted voice auditory feedback support the idea that motor-driven suppression of voice feedback leads to distinctly different sensory neural processing of self vs. non-self vocalizations. This characteristic may enable the audio-vocal system to more effectively detect and correct for unexpected errors in the feedback of self-produced voice pitch compared with externally-generated sounds.
Attractive Through-Space S−O Interaction in the DNA-Cleaving Antitumor Antibiotic Leinamycin

We describe here a study on the intramolecular nonbonded 1,5-sulfur−oxygen (S−O) interaction in the antitumor antibiotic leinamycin 1. The results from density-functional theoretical and semiempiri...
Calculation of the magnetic moments nucleons by use of a modified propagator

Previous attempts to used modified propagators in field-theory calculations have been frustrated by the appearance of ghost states in the propagator when one tries to improve on conventional perturbation theory. Recently a method of eliminating these ghosts has been suggested. By following this suggested procedure it is possible to calculate the magnetic moments of nucleons by using a modified nucleon propagator, which should be an improvement on simple perturbation theory without introducing any spurious infinities. This calculation has been performed approximately and yields magnetic moments of +1.2 and −2.3 nuclear magnetons for the proton and neutron, respectively, compared with the experimental values of 1.8 and −1.9. The improvement over perturbation theory is achieved because of a strong damping of the nucleon recoil term.
Automatic modeling of protein backbones in electron-density maps via prediction of Cα coordinates

Most crystallographers today solve protein structures by first building as much of the protein backbone as possible and then modeling the side chains. Automating the determination of backbone coordinates by computer-based interpretation of the electron density would enhance the speed and possibly improve the accuracy of the structure-solution process. In this paper, a new computational procedure called CAPRA is described that predicts coordinates of Cα atoms in density maps and outputs chains of Cα atoms representing the backbone of the protein. The result constitutes a significant step beyond tracing the density, because there is ideally a one-to-one correspondence between atoms predicted in the chains output by CAPRA and Cα atoms in the true structure (refined model). CAPRA is based on pattern-recognition techniques, including extraction of rotation-invariant numeric features to represent patterns in the density and use of a neural network to predict which pseudo-atoms in the trace are closest to true Cα atoms. Experiments with several MAD and MIR electron-density maps of 2.4–2.8 A resolution reveal that CAPRA is capable of building ∼90% of the backbone of a protein molecule, with an r.m.s. error for Cα coordinates of around 0.9 A.
Field evaluation of data link services for general aviation

Data link traffic and weather services have been developed for general aviation: The Traffic Information Service (TIS) displays ground-based traffic information, Graphical Weather Service (GWS) disseminates graphical precipitation maps, and Text Weather Service (TWS) provides surface observations and terminal forecasts. Development of the data link applications has now reached the field evaluation stage. Plans are to equip a limited number of light aircraft with the data link avionics for a six-month period. The services are provided via the Dulles Mode S sensor and a ground transmit/receive station installed in Frederick, MD. Pilot evaluators have access to the services on structured evaluation flights and routine business flights. Evaluators will assess each of the services, the training procedures, and the cockpit interface.
ASYMPTOTIC PROPERTIES OF WEIGHTED M-ESTIMATORS FOR STANDARD STRATIFIED SAMPLES

I provide a systematic treatment of the asymptotic properties of weighted M-estimators under standard stratified sampling. Simple, consistent asymptotic variance matrix estimators are proposed for a broad class of problems. When stratification is based on exogenous variables, I show that the usual, unweighted M-estimator is more efficient than the weighted estimator under a generalized conditional information matrix equality. Hausman tests for the exogeneity of the sampling scheme, including fully robust forms, are derived.
Surgical resection versus ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma ≤ 3 cm: a population-based analysis

Abstract Background Ablation for ≤ 3-cm hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment strategy. The present study sought to examine the outcomes of patients with ≤3 cm HCC after ablation versus resection. Methods Patients treated by ablation or surgical resection for ≤ 3 cm T1 HCC were identified from the National Cancer Database (2002–2011). Survival outcomes were analysed according to propensity score modelling. Results A total of 2804 patients underwent ablation ( n = 1984) or a resection ( n = 820) for solitary HCC ≤ 3 cm. Patients treated with ablation as compared with a resection had a higher frequency in alpha-fetoprotein level (AFP) elevation (46.5% versus 39.1%, P P P P P Conclusion Resection of HCC ≤ 3 cm results in better long-term survival as compared with ablation. Treatment strategies for small solitary HCC should emphasize a resection first approach, with ablation being reserved for patients precluded from surgery.
INTRASPECIFIC RESERVOIRS: COMPLEX LIFE HISTORY AND THE PERSISTENCE OF A LETHAL RANAVIRUS

Virulent parasites cannot persist in small host populations unless the parasite also has a reservoir host. We hypothesize that, in hosts with complex life histories, one stage may act as an intraspecific reservoir for another. In amphibians, for example, larvae often occur at high densities, but these densities are ephemeral and fixed in space, whereas metamorphs are long-lived and vagile but may be very sparse. Parasite persistence is unlikely in either stage alone, but transmission between stages could maintain virulent parasites in seasonally fluctuating amphibian populations. We examined this hypothesis with a lethal ranavirus, Ambystoma tigrinum virus (ATV), that causes recurrent epidemics in larval tiger salamander populations, but which has no reservoir host and degrades quickly in the environment. Although exposure to ATV is generally lethal, larvae and metamorphs maintained sublethal, transmissible infections for >5 mo. Field data corroborate the persistence of ATV between epidemics in sublethally infected metamorphs. Three-quarters of dispersing metamorphs during one epidemic were infected, and apparently healthy metamorphs returning to breed harbored ATV infections. Our results suggest that larval epidemics amplify virus prevalence and sublethally infected metamorphs (re)introduce the virus into uninfected larval populations. Intraspecific reservoirs may explain the persistence of parasites in and declines of small, isolated amphibian populations.
The short life of the Government Public Relations Association in the US, 1949–1958

Abstract The historical literature on US public relations has paid modest attention to the professionalization of the practice in the public sector. This is an historical summary of the Government Public Relations Association, which existed between 1949 and 1958. It attempted to organize a professional association of, largely, public relations officers at the municipal level of government. Its failure to become institutionalized likely reflects the tenuous status of the overt practice of public relations in the US public sector.
Laser-excited fluorescence probes for surface flashover studies of the insulator celcon

We report on the utilization of fluorescence probes for the study of damage to the insulator Celcon under electrical stress and surface flashover. Such probes reveal chemical and structural changes caused by application of voltages that are far lower than the surface flashover voltage. In particular, we describe results observed with the fluorescence probes rhodamine 6G, rhodamine 101, and Eastman Yellow.
Effect of Glass Composition on Mechanical Properties of Interfaces Between Alumina and Silicate Glass

Interfaces between glass and crystalline grains have been examined using a thin-film geometry which allows the use of newly developed experimental methods for micromechanical testing of interfaces. In this approach, continuous films of thicknesses ranging 100–200 nm of anorthite (CaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 ), celsian (BaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 ), and monticellite (CaMgSiO 4 ) are deposited onto single-crystal Al 2 O 3 (α-structure) surfaces of different crystallographic orientations by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD). Mechanical properties such as hardness, stiffness, and reduced Young's modulus were probed with a newly developed high-resolution depth-sensing indentation instrument. Emphasis has been placed on examining how changes in the glass composition will affect the mechanical properties of the single-crystal Al 2 O 3 /silicate-glass interfaces. The indentation data obtained from these experiments correlate directly to the morphology of the deformed regions imaged with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Nanomechanical tests combined with AFM imaging of the deformed regions allow force-displacement measurements and in-situ imaging of the same regions of the specimen before and immediately after indentation. This new technique eliminates the uncertainty of locating the indenter after unloading.
Actors and their Composition

Modern environments for modelling and designing concurrent computational systems increasingly support heterogeneous system models, which are characterised by different coordination mechanisms governing the interaction between concurrent components in different parts or at different levels of the model. These interaction semantics, also called models of computation, pose a major challenge to the definition of the meaning of heterogeneous models, especially if such a definition is to be independent of any specific set of models of computation, ways of describing actors, or notations for describing models. This paper makes three main contributions. (1) It presents a framework for describing the semantics of actors and models of computation. Its central notion is the concept of a model of computation as a program transformation that composes actor descriptions into a description of a composite actor. This framework is entirely independent of any specific syntax for describing actors, or any particular modelling language. (2) It uses this framework to describe properties of actor compositions and models of computation, and to classify and analyse them. (3) Finally, it discusses the implications of this theory for the design of languages for describing actors and models of computation.
Vasopressin receptor mutations and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

Abstract X-linked recessive nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the V2 vasopressin receptor (V2R), the mediator of the antidiuretic effect of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in mammalian kidneys. Upon binding to AVP, the receptor activates the G protein G s , stimulating a phosphorylation cascade that promotes translocation of presynthesized water channels to the apical surface of the principal cells lining the last segments of the nephron. The presence of these channels allows the flow of water from the hypotonic lumen of the nephron into the hypertonic interstitium. More than 100 different mutations have been identified since the receptor gene was characterized—in most cases one per family, although some families bear two and three mutations in the same gene. The frequency of the de novo mutations identified suggests that the DNA at the end of the long arm of the X chromosome is very susceptible to alteration. The mutations are scattered within the coding region, not confined to a particular segment of the receptor protein, and in most cases confined to a single amino acid change that significantly reduces the number of receptors present on the plasma membrane. Some mutations do not affect protein synthesis but significantly reduce the coupling efficiency between the receptor and G protein. Analysis of the biochemical impact of the mutations has provided valuable information about the synthesis and regulation of the receptor.
A COMPARISON OF DEVILED EGGS MADE FROM FRESH EGGS AND COMMERCIALLY PREPARED EGGS

Commercially hard cooked eggs were compared to fresh eggs for use in deviled egg production by determining labor and material cost and consumer acceptance. A sensory panel was used to determine consumer acceptance. Penetrometer tests were also used to evaluate tenderness of the eggs. Eighty-five percent of the panelists selected the deviled eggs made from fresh eggs. Commercially hard cooked eggs took less labor time than fresh eggs; however, the material cost for the fresh eggs was less than that of the commercially hard cooked eggs. Overall the total cost for the fresh eggs was less than for the commercially hard cooked eggs.
Dissociating the Neural Mechanisms of Visual Attention in Change Detection Using Functional MRI

We investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) the neural processes associated with performance of a change-detection task. In this task, two versions of the same picture are presented in alternation, separated by a brief mask interval. Even when the two pictures greatly differ (e.g., as when a building is in different locations), subjects report that identification of the change is difficult and often take 30 or more seconds to identify the change. This phenomenon of "change blindness" provides a powerful and novel paradigm for segregating components of visual attention using fMRI that can otherwise be confounded in short-duration tasks. By using a response-contingent event-related analysis technique, we successfully dissociated brain regions associated with different processing components of a visual change-detection task. Activation in the calcarine cortex was associated with task onset, but did not vary with the duration of visual search. In contrast, the pattern of activation in dorsal and ventral visual areas was temporally associated with the duration of visual search. As such, our results support a distinction between brain regions whose activation is modulated by attentional demands of the visual task (extrastriate cortex) and those that are not affected by it (primary visual cortex). A second network of areas including central sulcus, insular, and inferior frontal cortical areas, along with the thalamus and basal ganglia, showed phasic activation tied to the execution of responses. Finally, parietal and frontal regions showed systematic deactivations during task performance, consistent with previous reports that these regions may be associated with nontask semantic processing. We conclude that detection of change, when transient visual cues are not present, requires activation of extrastriate visual regions and frontal regions responsible for eye movements. These results suggest that studies of change blindness can inform understanding of more general attentional processing.
Large tuning range analog and multi-bit MEMS varactors

This paper presents a variety of analog and multi-bit RF MEMS varactors for use in tunable circuits and filters. Novel use of multiple pull-down electrodes covered with thick dielectrics allow for analog and digital-type control and long-hold down times. An analog varactor with nearly 7:1 usable tuning range and better than 80:1 switching range, a multi-state varactor-switch and a 4 bit capacitor bank are presented.
Estimation of marginal system costs and emissions of changes in generating unit characteristics

A method is presented for estimating the marginal system costs and emissions caused by the changes in the fixed costs, variable cost, emissions or capacity of generating units. Changes in dispatch order are accounted for. The method is based on a second-order Taylor series expansion of unit output as calculated by probabilistic production simulation. An approach is developed to compute the first and second derivatives of expected generation with respect to the capacity of a unit, which are essential components of the Taylor series approximation. An illustrative application is presented. >
Regulated Expression of Rhox8 in the Mouse Ovary: Evidence for the Role of Progesterone and RHOX5 in Granulosa Cells

The gonadotropin surge is the essential trigger to stimulate ovulation and luteinization of ovarian follicles. While the hormone signals from the brain that initiate ovulation are known, the specific targets which regulate this process are not well known. In this study, we assessed the suitability of the Rhox homeobox gene cluster to serve as the master regulators of folliculogenesis. In superovulated (equine chorionic gonadotropin [eCG]/human chorionic gonadotropin [hCG]) mice, the Rhox genes exhibited four distinct windows of peak expression, suggesting that these genes may regulate specific events during the ovulatory cycle. Like many members of the cluster, Rhox8 mRNA and protein were induced by follicle stimulating hormone [FSH]/eCG in granulosa cells. However, Rhox8 displayed unique peak expression at 8 h post-hCG administration, implying it might be the lone member of the cluster regulated by progesterone. Subsequent promoter analysis in granulosa cells revealed relevant homeobox binding and progesterone response elements within Rhox8's 5′-flanking region. In superovulated mice, progesterone receptor (PGR) is recruited to the Rhox8 promoter, as assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. In Rhox5-null mice, Rhox8 mRNA was reduced at 2 h and 4 h post-hCG administration but recovered once the follicles passed the antral stage of development. Conversely, in progesterone receptor knockout mice, Rhox8 exhibited normal stimulation by eCG but failed to reach its peak mRNA level at 8 h post-hCG found in wild-type mice. This suggests a model in which Rhox8 transcription is dependent upon RHOX5 during early folliculogenesis and upon progesterone during the periovulatory window when RHOX5 normally wanes. In support of this model, transfection of RHOX5 and PGR expression plasmids stimulated, whereas dominant negative and mutant constructs inhibited, Rhox8 promoter activity.
Chemical activation of C1-C2 spinal neurons modulates intercostal and phrenic nerve activity in rats

Chemical activation of upper cervical spinal neurons modulates activity of thoracic respiratory interneurons in rats. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of chemical activation ...
Reversible and regionally selective downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB1 receptors in chronic daily cannabis smokers

Chronic cannabis (marijuana, hashish) smoking can result in dependence. Rodent studies show reversible downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB1 (cannabinoid receptor type 1) receptors after chronic exposure to cannabis. However, whether downregulation occurs in humans who chronically smoke cannabis is unknown. Here we show, using positron emission tomography imaging, reversible and regionally selective downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB1 receptors in human subjects who chronically smoke cannabis. Downregulation correlated with years of cannabis smoking and was selective to cortical brain regions. After ~4 weeks of continuously monitored abstinence from cannabis on a secure research unit, CB1 receptor density returned to normal levels. This is the first direct demonstration of cortical cannabinoid CB1 receptor downregulation as a neuroadaptation that may promote cannabis dependence in human brain.
Should women and men be made to give up smoking before being offered IVF

In the past 5 years, over 700,000 IVF cycles have been performed in the USA. The ultimate goal for infertile couples and reproductive endocrinologists is to deliver healthy babies. A body of literature has incriminated tobacco smoke as a risk factor for lower success rates. There are a total of 30 published studies on women and eight for men that have found a significant association between smoking and IVF end points. There are no studies specifically addressing when to stop smoking before pursuing IVF, for how long, the quantity of cigarettes that affect IVF cycles, the effects of passive tobacco smoke, and how long after quitting smoking do fertility levels resume to nonsmoker levels. Currently, there are no formal guidelines in the USA regarding smoking cessation prior to attempting IVF. It would be premature to require women and men to give up smoking before being offered IVF at this time until more research is concluded and professional guidelines are established.
Effects of Aged Fluoride-containing Restorative Materials on Recurrent Root Caries

Accumulated evidence has illustrated that secondary caries is the major reason for the failure of amalgam and resin composite restorations. The purpose of this study was to assess the cariostatic effects of aged fluoride-containing restorative materials on the formation of secondary root caries. Fifty sound human molars were selected and randomly assigned to five material groups: non-fluoride-containing amalgam (NA), fluoride-containing amalgam (FA), non-fluoride-containing composite (NC), fluoride-containing composite (FC), and glass-ionomer cement (GIC). After standardized class V cavity preparations and placement of restorations, teeth within each group were randomly divided into two subgroups, "non-aged" and "aged". The aged subgroup was immersed in an inorganic buffer solution for 2 wks before being thermocycled. After being thermocycled and subjected to four cycles of caries formation in a bacterial model system, the teeth were sectioned. Depths of outer lesions and areas of lesions on the cavity wa...
Fatal Course of Malignant Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of T-Cell Type During Pregnancy with Metastasis to the Fetus

A 38-year-old Asian female with disseminated malignant T-cell lymphoma presented at 27 weeks estimated gestational age with possible pneumonia and preterm labor unresponsive to betamimetic tocolytic therapy. Her postpartum course was complicated by multisystem organ failure and maternal death. Autopsy demonstrated malignant T-cell lymphoma involving the liver, spleen, lung, and uterus. At 2 months of age the infant developed respiratory failure. Open lung biopsy revealed malignant T-cell lymphoma of identical phenotype. Following multiagent chemotherapy the infant entered remission and has remained in remission for the past 3 years.
A Brief Introduction to the Use of Event-Related Potentials in Studies of Perception and Attention

Because of the precise temporal resolution of electrophysiological recordings, the event-related potential (ERP) technique has proven particularly valuable for testing theories of perception and attention. Here, I provide a brief tutorial on the ERP technique for consumers of such research and those considering the use of human electrophysiology in their own work. My discussion begins with the basics regarding what brain activity ERPs measure and why they are well suited to reveal critical aspects of perceptual processing, attentional selection, and cognition, which are unobservable with behavioral methods alone. I then review a number of important methodological issues and often-forgotten facts that should be considered when evaluating or planning ERP experiments.
Misoriented grain boundaries vicinal to the twin in nickel Part I: thermodynamics & temperature-dependent structure

Grain boundary-engineered materials are of immense interest for their corrosion resistance, fracture resistance and microstructural stability. This work contributes to a larger goal of understanding both the structure and thermodynamic properties of grain boundaries vicinal (within ) to the (coherent twin) boundary which is found in grain boundary-engineered materials. The misoriented boundaries vicinal to the twin show structural changes at elevated temperatures. In the case of nickel, this transition temperature is substantially below the melting point and at temperatures commonly reached during processing, making the existence of such boundaries very likely in applications. Thus, the thermodynamic stability of such features is thoroughly investigated in order to predict and fully understand the structure of boundaries vicinal to twins. Low misorientation angle grain boundaries () show distinct disconnections which accommodate misorientation in opposite senses. The two types of disconnection have differ...
What are shaping the ethical bottom line

While most research on digital ethics has focused on professional codes or case studies in manipulation, there has been little formal research on what the readers thinks about what is and what is not visually ethical in a digital age. This study examines what affect young readers' acceptance or rejection of digital alteration of news images. The major finding is that the perceived prevalence of photo alteration, media credibility, and personal Photoshop use and knowledge are the major influencers of "non-professional" standards of acceptance of photo alteration. The study implies the necessity of intervention from scholars, media professionals, and ethical activists to discuss photo alteration and advocate ethical standards for it.
Exact traveling wave solutions to (1+1)-dimensional Camassa-Holm equation

Using trial equation method,we have reduced(1+1)-dimensional Camassa-Holm equation to the elementary integral and obtained its abundant exact traveling wave solutions which includes triangular function solutions and hyperbolic function solutions.
Health-related quality of life in two itinerant samples: carnival and migrant farm worker children

The document Healthy People 2010 sets a national health care agenda that includes reducing health disparities and improving quality of life. This study evaluated health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children aged 2 to 12 years being raised in two itinerant populations: traveling carnival children (n=33) and migrant farm worker children (n=48), and compared their outcomes to each other and to findings in published literature. The study sample utilized cluster sampling from outdoor amusement companies (carnivals) and agricultural farms who agreed for the researcher to enter their premises and speak with their workers. The PedsQL Generic Core Scales, including a child self-report and parent-proxy, measured HRQOL. HRQOL of the itinerant children did not differ from that of a more geographically stable California sample. The carnival children's mean scores were higher than the migrant farm worker children's scores on 7 out of 12 subscales, but the differences were not statistically significant.
Secondary Organ Dysfunction: From Clinical Perspectives to Molecular Mediators

The systemic inflammatory response and progression to secondary organ dysfunction are manifestations of the host's responses to injury. This article outlines the clinical manifestations of this injury-response cascade. The potential roles of cytokines, eicosanoids, platelet-activating factor, nitric oxide, oxygen-free radicals, and the leukocyte-endothelial interaction are explored in some detail. A goal-directed therapy of source control, resuscitation, and metabolic support is reviewed, and new therapies with monoclonal antibodies and immunomodulated nutrition are described. These new therapies hold great potential for finally improving the outcome of this fatal syndrome.
Suspended because of social media? Students knowledge and opinions of university social media policies and practices

In this exploratory study, we examined undergraduates (N=298) knowledge of their universitys social media policies, understanding of free speech and privacy protections, opinions about university monitoring and discipline for personal social media posts, and perceptions of fairness regarding recent cases of student discipline for personal social media use. The results of our study indicate that most undergraduates are highly underinformed as to whether or not their university has a social media policy, particularly if the students are early in their academic careers and do not engage in many online privacy protection behaviors. Most participants were also misinformed as to whether free speech and/or privacy protections will shield them from university discipline. In addition, most participants (78%) were opposed to the idea of universities monitoring students personal social media accounts, though significantly fewer (68%) were opposed to monitoring student athletes social media. Finally, when asked about several recent cases involving student discipline, most participants were generally opposed to a variety of university disciplinary actions regarding students social media posts. We discuss these findings as they relate to the need for better social media policy training for students, as well as the potential impact on students academic and future careers. Almost 70% of students dont know if their university has a social media policy.78% of student are opposed to universities monitoring student social media.Students are more tolerant of student athletes social media being monitored.
Effect of therapeutic targeting of the oncogene EMP2 in triple-negative breast cancer on tumor load.

1052 Background: Understanding tumor induced angiogenesis is a challenging problem with important consequences for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In this study we define a novel function fo...
Structural Equation Analysis of Three Methods for Evaluating Conjoint Measurement Results

This paper applies a structural equation methodology (LISREL) to the evaluation of the results obtained from conjoint measurement. Contrary to previous work, the results indicated that stress, sign, and prediction give consistent evaluations of the results of conjoint measurement. The solution given by the LISREL analysis was criticized; however, following a Spearman factor analysis, the same conclusion was drawn: stress, sign, and prediction appear to be measuring the same construct.
Moral Distress in Scientific Research.

In their target article “A Broader Understanding of Moral Distress,” Campbell, Ulrich, and Grady (2016) argue that the widely accepted definition of moral distress should be broadened to include so...
The benefits of workshopping graduate fellowships: a how-to guide for graduate students and early career scientists

Grant and fellowship proposal writing are key skills for professionals in scientific and research-driven fields, and early exposure and training in proposal writing substantially benefit early career scientists. Here, we present a framework for a student-led workshop for graduate fellowships that is built upon four years of implementation at the University of Washington’s School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences (Seattle, USA). This framework was designed for applicants to the United States National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program (NSF GRFP), but the workshop format is flexible and easily tailored to other fellowships. We describe the primary components of the workshop, the implementation of the workshop, and the major benefits as reported by participants at the University of Washington. The core of the workshop framework is a small group structure that facilitates valuable in-depth interactions among mentors and applicants. The primary outcomes of the workshop include improved writing and communication skills for graduate students and experience with peer review and critical feedback for both applicants and mentors. These outcomes are achieved while maintaining a reasonable time commitment for mentors. The workshop format is sustainable, promotes community-building within and across departments, and facilitates equal access to mentorship and resources for all students.
Searching for software diversity: attaining artificial diversity through program synthesis

A means of attaining richer, more comprehensive forms of software diversity on a mass scale is proposed through leveraging and repurposing a closely related, yet heretofore untapped, line of computer science research---automatic program synthesis. It is argued that the search-based methodologies presently used for obtaining implementations from specifications can be broadened relatively easily to a search for many candidate solutions, potentially diversifying the software monoculture. Small-scale experiments using the Rosette synthesis tool offer preliminary support for this proposed approach. But the possible rewards are not without danger: It is argued that the same approach can power a dangerous new level of sophistication for malware mutation and reactively adaptive software threats.
Potential vorticity patterns in Mediterranean “hurricanes”

The potential vorticity (PV) anomalies due to the intrusion of dry stratospheric air and those generated by the tropospheric diabatic latent heating are qualitatively analyzed for five Mediterranean tropical-like cyclones (also known as Medicanes or TLCs). Model simulations show the presence of an upper level PV streamer in the early stages of the cyclone, located on the left exit of a jet stream, and a middle-low level PV anomaly generated by the convection developing around the low-level vortex. In the mature stage, the upper level PV anomaly around the cyclone evolves differently for each case and appears somehow dependent on the lifetime. Only for the 2006 Medicane, the PV anomalies form an intense PV tower extending continuously from the upper troposphere to the lower stratosphere.
Past, Present, and Future of Drug Safety Assessment

Adverse effects are an expected consequence of drug use, but how to detect them when they are rare or represent only a small increase over background rates remains a formidable problem. It is useful to review the past history of how important adverse effects were discovered so that we can improve our ability to detect them more rapidly.
Embracing heterogeneity: the spatial autoregressive mixture model

Abstract In this paper a mixture distribution model is extended to include spatial dependence of the autoregressive type. The resulting model nests both spatial heterogeneity and spatial dependence as special cases. A data generation process is outlined that incorporates both a finite mixture of normal distributions and spatial dependence. Whether group assignment is completely random by nature or displays some locational “pattern”, the proposed spatial-mix estimation procedure is always able to recover the true parameters. As an illustration, a basic hedonic price model is investigated that includes sub-groups of data with heterogeneous coefficients in addition to spatially clustered elements.
Interphase Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in a Droplet Flow Reactor

We present a technique for the continuous interphase synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles using a droplet flow reactor. Conducting the synthesis reaction inside droplets of controlled volume offers several advantages, such as eliminating temperature and concentration gradients inside the reactor as well as preventing reactor fouling. The synthesis reagents are initially located in separate phases, and reagent addition is accomplished through diffusion from the bulk phase to the droplet phase. In this work, the technique is demonstrated by synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles inside aqueous droplets containing zinc acetate in a bulk stream of sodium hydroxide in 1-octanol. This flow synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles provides more control of the nanoparticle morphology and has a narrow particle size distribution as compared to that of a batch reactor. The size and morphology of the nanoparticles are shown to be easily controlled from 41 to 62 nm by varying zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide concentrat...
What’s Left to Tax? Partisan Reallocation of Trade Taxation in Less Developed Countries:

Trade liberalization has reduced trade tax revenue in most less developed countries (LDCs). The options to replace this tax, which has historically been LDCs’ primary source of tax revenue, are lim...
A structural equation model looking at student’s participatory behavior and their success in Calculus I

Government projections in the USA indicate that the country will need a million more science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) graduates above and beyond those already projected by the year 2022. Of crucial importance to the STEM pipeline is success in Calculus I, without which continuation in a STEM major is not possible. The STEM community at large, and mathematics instructors specifically, need to understand factors that influence and promote success in order to mitigate the alarming attrition trend. Previous work in this area has defined success singularly in terms of grades or persistence; however, these definitions are somewhat limiting and neglect the possible mediating effects of affective constructs like confidence, mindset, and enjoyment on the aforementioned markers of success. Using structural equation modeling, this paper explored the effect of participation on grades in freshman college calculus and investigated whether these effects were mediated by affective variables. Results indicated that participation had no significant direct effect on any of the success components in the final model—a finding that was not only counterintuitive but actually contradicted previous research done on this data. Participation was however highly correlated with two other exogenous variables indicating it would be inappropriate to dismiss it as being unrelated to success. Furthermore, the results suggested a cluster of affective success components and an achievement component with confidence being the intermediary between the two. This paper extends upon previous work with this data set in which the effect of participatory behaviors on success was investigated wherein success was measured singularly with expected course grade and affective components of success were not considered. The limited explanatory power of the model, coupled with the seemingly contradictory results, indicates that participatory behaviors alone might be insufficient to capture the complexity of the success response variable.
Children's appraisals of interparental conflict predict event-related potential components.

ABSTRACTInterparental conflict and neural correlates of children’s emotion processing were examined. Event-related potential (ERP) data were collected from 87 children (9–11 years old) with stimuli depicting interpersonal anger, happiness, and neutrality. Three ERP components were modulated by child-reported measures of conflict, reflecting a progression from early sensory attention to cognitive control to stimulus categorization. Negative conflict predicted larger N1 and N2 amplitudes on happy than on angry trials. Greater self-blame for conflict predicted larger N2 amplitudes across emotions and larger P3 amplitudes on angry than on neutral or happy trials. Results suggest conflict-related experiences shape processing of interpersonal emotion.
Drawn to the Gods: Religion and Humor in The Simpsons, South Park and Family Guy: By David Feltmate. New York, NY: New York University Press, 2017. 304 pp. Paperback. $28.00. ISBN 978-1-4798-9036-1

Feltmate explores the relationship between religion and humor in America through three critically acclaimed and often controversial animated series: The Simpsons, South Park, and Family Guy. He use...
Anemia (Hemoglobin ≤ 13 g/dL) as a Risk Factor for Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Following Coronary Angiography.

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) following coronary angiography is associated with increased mortality. The association between severity of anemia and CI-AKI following coronary angiography is not well-established. In this retrospective study, we aimed at assessing the association of anemia of various severity with the risk of CI-AKI in patients who underwent coronary angiography. We included all patients who underwent coronary angiography with or without percutaneous coronary intervention from January 2012 to December 2016 at a single tertiary care hospital. CI-AKI was defined as ≥0.3 mg/dL increase in creatinine from baseline and anemia was defined as baseline hemoglobin ≤13 g/dL. Patients were stratified into three subgroups—mild (11.1 to 13.0 g/dL), moderate (9.1 to 11.0 g/dL) and severe anemia (7.0 to 9.0 g/dL). Crude and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were calculated using univariate multiple logistic regression analysis. Of 2,055 patients (females = 30.7%, mean age 58.0 ± 12.5 years) who underwent coronary angiography, 293 (14.3%) developed CI-AKI. Presence of anemia was associated with increased risk of developing CI-AKI (AOR = 5.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.8 to 7.3, p
Mutual Interference Effects of Certain Group III-A Ions with Calcium in Flame Spectroscopy

The reduction in emission intensity of calcium due to the presence of BO3 −3, Al+3, Ga+3 and In+3 in the test solutions has been determined. The reverse effect, i.e., the effect of calcium on emissions of Group III-A elements also has been determined. Sample dilution decreased BO3 −3 suppression but increased Al+3 suppression of calcium radiations. Apparently n-butanol forms a compound with the BO3 −3 ion in the evaporating aerosol droplet. This results in an increase in the band emissions owing to an excited state of the boron oxide in the flame, and effects a release of boron suppression of calcium radiations. The presence of methanol (10 to 50% by volume) and sucrose (1%) in the test solution decreases the effect produced by BO3 −3 but increases the effect of aluminum on calcium radiations. Difference in the degree of suppression of the Ca (I) line and CaO bands due to the presence of BO3 −3 or in the test solutions cannot be accounted for on the basis of an intermediate refractory solid phase. The effects of Ga+3 and In+3 on calcium radiations can best be explained in terms of a gas-phase suppression mechanism. In these studies both H2—O2 and C2H2—O2 fuel systems have been used.
Active Cancellation of Self-Interference for Full-Duplex Amplify and Forward Wi-Fi Relay

This letter presents a Wi-Fi compliant self-interference (SI) active cancellation (AC) technique for amplify and forward full-duplex relay (AF-FDR) utilizing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. First, we describe the system model of AF-FDR, where the relay transparently extends the range of the main access point (AP) to reach a station located outside the AP’s radio coverage. We highlight the SI (and its suppression) impact on FDR, due to simultaneous transmission/reception on the same frequency. We then present a novel Wi-Fi compliant estimation technique of the SI channel and its delay parameters, which are later used for AC, achieving SI suppression of up to an additional 35 dB. The proposed AF-FDR system is simulated in a fading channel environment with Doppler frequency of up to 10 Hz. Simulation results show cancellation gains within 1 dB of static channels with an SI training overhead of 1.5%.