cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using national recording systems for the measurement and analysis of immigration to the United States.

This article considers the kinds of data required to increase scientific knowledge about US immigration and in light of those requirements assesses the principal currently available data sets and makes recommendations for improving the data environment. Study of US immigration phenomena requires data with 3 properties: 1) that they cover immigrants sponsors and nation-states; 2) that they measure and link the migration-relevant attributes of the immigrants sponsors and nation-states including the visa histories of both immigrants and sponsors; and 3) that they capture the migration-relevant attributes in a longitudinal manner. The 2 principal data sources currently available for studying immigration--the US decennial censuses and the administrative records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service--fall far short of the data requirements dictated by current reasoning and models about the migration process. Current data sources do not permit except under stringent assumptions the estimation of models of such phenomena as earnings language acquisition marital behavior and fertility behavior. The authors propose both a new data-collection effort and a set of enhancements to existing data sources. Perhaps the most efficient way to learn more about immigration would be to design and implement a new data-collection effort with great success. In the meantime proposed enhancements to existing data sources could help fill some gaps in present knowledge.
Effect of electrospray needle voltage on electroosmotic flow in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry

The effect of the electrospray ionization (ESI) needle voltage on the electroosmotic flow (EOF) in capillary electrophoresis (CE)-mass spectrometry (MS) was investigated. The radial electric field that penetrates across the CE capillary wall imposed by the ESI needle voltage modifies the typical EOF. This effect was investigated for buffers commonly used in CE-MS. Variations as high as ±30% were observed.
Examining the Effects of Campus Climate, Ethnic Group Cohesion, and Cross-Cultural Interaction on Filipino American Students' Sense of Belonging in College.

The purpose of this study is to explore how campus climate, ethnic group cohesion and cross cultural interaction influence Filipino American college students' sense of belonging in college. Specifically, we examine the impact of three environmental and behavioral factors on students' sense of belonging: 1) campus racial climate, 2) ethnic group cohesion, and 3) interactions across cultures. A sample of 143 participants was analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques. Findings suggest that campus racial climate, ethnic group cohesion, and cross-cultural interaction all directly influence sense of belonging among Filipino American students. In addition, ethnic group cohesion was indirectly and positively associated with sense of belonging on campus via its direct influence on cross-cultural interactions. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Liability insurance and family day care providers: Three views of the issues

Liability insurance protects the assets of a family day care provider and her family from claims of responsibility for a child's injury or death. Providers who operate without insurance could face devastating financial losses. This article examines the liability insurance market, family day care providers' perceptions of the market, and state regulatory attempts at market intervention. It concludes that insurance coverage is available to providers although many may have difficulty meeting underwriting requirements and some may find the premiums for commercial insurance unaffordable. Providers report that affordability is a much greater problem than availability. States have done relatively little to facilitate either availability or affordability. The article concludes by identifying future opportunities for cooperation between the child care and insurance industries.
Activation of the insulin receptor's kinase domain changes the rate-determining step of substrate phosphorylation.

The insulin receptor and many other protein kinases are activated by relief of intrasteric inhibition that is regulated by reversible phosphorylation. The changes accompanying activation of the insulin receptor's kinase domain were analyzed using steady-state kinetics, viscometric analysis, and equilibrium binding measurements. Peptide phosphorylation catalyzed by the unphosphorylated basal-state kinase is limited by a slow rate of the chemical step, and the activated enzyme is limited by product release rates. Underlying these changes were a 36-fold increase in the rate constant for the chemical step of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction, a 5-fold increase in the affinity for MgATP, and an 8-fold increase in the affinity for peptide substrate. This results in binding of substrates that is 2.2 kcal/mol more favorable and a free energy barrier for transition state formation that is lowered by 2.1 kcal/mol in the activated enzyme. Therefore, the change in conformational free energy inherent in the protein after ...
Influence of motherhood on the implicit academic self-concept of female college students : Distinct effects of subtle exposure to cues and directed thinking

Despite notable steps toward gender equality and significant changes in gender roles, women continue to face tension between academic aspirations and the more traditional role of caregiver. The goal of the present research was to examine how this conflict might be revealed through assessments of associations that cannot be consciously controlled. In two experiments, college women completed implicit association tasks measuring the strength of their academic identification. Experiment 1 (N=55) showed that implicit academic identification was weaker when motherhood cues were present (rather than absent). In Experiment 2 (N=73), implicit academic identification was weaker when participants reflected on their aspirations to become a college graduate rather than aspirations to be a mother. These findings emphasize the malleability of the implicit academic self-concept. More precisely, they document that subtle exposure to cues and more deliberate thought processes produce distinct effects. This research contributes to a better understanding of contextual influences on the academic self-concept of college women and their potential implications for academic performances.
q-Counting n-dimensional lattice paths

Abstract n -dimensional lattice paths are enumerated by generating functions which are Gaussian multinomial coefficients in the case of unrestricted paths. Convolutions for path counts are studied which yield a q -Vandermonde convolution and a determinant of Gaussian multinomial coefficients as the generating function for certain restricted paths.
Clay‐Particle Dispersion by Ultrasons

The dispersion of 1.0% kaolin suspensions in water was studied utilizing ultrasonic vibrational energy. The effect of time of exposure to ultra-sons was examined microscopically and turbidi-metrically by means of a spectrophotometer. Complete deagglomeration and dispersion were accomplished in 10 minutes of exposure to ultra-sons without any apparent deleterious effects on the primary particle size of the kaolin. The effects of two accepted methods of dispersion were compared with the ultrasonic method.
An automated pipeline for discovering gene expression patterns associated with increased cancer survival time

Gene expression profiles quantify the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously, providing a snapshot in time of gene expression in a specific tissue. A gene expression profile can be helpful in understanding the association of genes to the progression of cancer and patient outcomes. However, these complex associations can be difficult to determine using traditional approaches. In this project, we describe an automated pipeline for clustering patients based on differential gene expression that performs survival analysis and identifies genes that are associated with increased survival time. This method greatly reduces the effort required to perform a relatively complex analysis.
Olfactory bulbectomy induces reproductive recrudescence in golden hamsters on short photoperiod.

Abstract Olfactory bulbectomy results in a marked increase in gonadotropin secretion and prevents the reproductive regression associated with short photoperiod when the olfactory bulbectomy is done before exposure to the inhibitory photoperiod. The present study tested whether olfactory bulbectomy would offset the influence of short photoperiod if done after the reproductive system had regressed. Adult golden hamsters Mesocricetus auratus were divided into four groups: early sham (surgery at week -4): early olfactory bulbectomy (surgery at week -4): late sham (surgery at week 14) and late olfactory bulbectomy (surgery at week 14). At t = 0. all golden hamsters were placed in a short photoperiod (L:D 10:14). Early olfactory bulbectomy prevented testicular regression; the late olfactory bulbectomy group recrudesced much earlier than the sham groups. These results indicate that the tonic inhibitory influence of the olfactory bulbs is required for initiation of short photoperiod induced testicular regression and is also essential for the maintenance of the regressed state.
Thoracic lavage in accidental hypothermia with cardiac arrest--report of a case and review of the literature.

Abstract Background: Accidental hypothermia resulting in cardiac arrest poses numerous therapeutic challenges. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) should be used if feasible since it optimally provides both central rewarming and circulatory support. However, this modality may not be available or is contraindicated in certain cases. Thoracic lavage (TL) provides satisfactory heat transfer and may be performed by a variety of physicians. This paper presents the physiological rationale, technique, and role for TL in accidental hypothermia with cardiac arrest. Methods: A patient with hypothermic cardiac arrest, treated by the author using TL, serves as the basis for this report. A search of the English language literature using PubMed ® (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland) was conducted from 1966 to 2003 and 13 additional patients were identified. Demographic information, lavage method, rewarming rate, complications, and neurological outcome were analysed. Results: There were numerous causes for hypothermia, with drug and alcohol intoxication being the most common ( n = 4; 28.6%). Patient age ranged from 8 to 72 years (median = 36 years). Mean core temperature was 24.5 ± 0.60 °C. Most patients were without blood pressure or pulse upon presentation to the Emergency Department and the predominant cardiac rhythm was ventricular fibrillation (VF) ( n = 9; 64.3%). Thoracic lavage was accomplished by thoracotomy in seven patients and tube thoracotomy in the remaining seven. Median rewarming rate was 2.95 °C/h. Median time until sinus rhythm was restored was 120 min. Median length of hospital stay was 2 weeks. Four (28.6%) patients died. Complications were seen in 12 (85.7%) patients. Among survivors, neurological outcome was normal in 8 (80%) while two were left with residual impairments. Conclusions: Patients presenting in cardiac arrest from accidental hypothermia may be rewarmed effectively using TL. Among survivors, normal neurological recovery is seen. Thoracic lavage should be strongly considered for these patients if CPB is not available or contraindicated.
Heuristic Drift Elimination for Personnel Tracking Systems

This paper pertains to the reduction of the effects of measurement errors in rate gyros used for tracking, recording, or monitoring the position of persons walking indoors. In such applications, bias drift and other gyro errors can degrade accuracy within minutes. To overcome this problem we developed the Heuristic Drift Elimination (HDE) method, that effectively corrects bias drift and other slow-changing errors. HDE works by making assumptions about walking in structured, indoor environments. The paper explains the heuristic assumptions and the HDE method, and shows experimental results. In typical applications, HDE maintains near-zero heading errors in walks of unlimited duration.
Two Remarkable Computational Competencies of The Simple Genetic Algorithm

Since the inception of genetic algorithmics the identication of computational eciencies of the simple genetic algorithm (SGA) has been an important goal. In this paper we distinguish between a computational competency of the SGA|an ecient, but narrow computational ability|and a computational prociency of the SGA|a computational ability that is both ecient and broad. Till date, attempts to deduce a computational prociency of the SGA have been unsuccessful. It may, however, be possible to inductively infer a computational prociency of the SGA from a set of related computational competencies that have been deduced. With this in mind we deduce two computational competencies of the SGA. These competencies, when considered together, point toward a remarkable computational prociency of the SGA. This prociency is pertinent to a general problem that is closely related to a well-known statistical problem at the cutting edge of computational genetics.
Measurement bias of fluid velocity in molecular simulations

In molecular simulations of fluid flow, the measurement of mean fluid velocity is considered to be a straightforward computation, yet there is some ambiguity in its definition. We show that in systems far from equilibrium, such as those with large temperature or velocity gradients, two commonly used definitions give slightly different results. Specifically, a bias can arise when computing the mean fluid velocity by measuring the mean particle velocity in a cell and averaging this mean over samples. We show that this bias comes from the correlation of momentum and density fluctuations in non-equilibrium fluids, obtain an analytical expression for predicting it, and discuss what system characteristics (e.g., number of particles per cell, temperature gradients) reduce or magnify the error. The bias has a physical origin so although we demonstrate it by direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) computations, the same effect will be observed with other particle-based simulation methods, such as molecular dynamics and lattice gases.
Mindfulness and emotion regulation in older and young adults.

Objectives: Research shows that dispositional mindfulness is associated with metrics of overall well-being, with enhanced emotion regulation potentially underlying these salutary effects. However, the role of regulation strategy use remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined age-variant associations between dispositional mindfulness, emotion regulation strategies, and emotion dysregulation.Method: Self-report data were collected from 50 older and 50 young adults on mindfulness, emotion dysregulation, and recent strategy use. For the current study, we examined if cognitive reappraisal, experiential suppression, and thought avoidance use mediated the association between mindfulness and emotion dysregulation.Results: Thought avoidance, but not reappraisal or suppression strategies, partially mediated the association between mindfulness and emotion dysregulation. Age group moderated the observed mediation, such that for young adults, lower mindfulness was associated with greater use of thought avoi...
A new name in thrombosis, ADAMTS13

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rapidly fatal illness, first described by Moschowitz in 1924 (1), that is characterized by anemia, a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia), and microvascular thrombosis. The anemia is caused by hemolysis and is associated with sharply pointed red cell fragments, termed schistocytes, that look as though they might have been sliced with a knife. The thrombocytopenia is caused by platelet deposition in thrombi, which leads to tissue damage that can produce renal failure, stroke, myocardial infarction, and acute respiratory distress. TTP often attacks otherwise healthy adults, with a preference for females of childbearing age. Without treatment the mortality rate exceeds 90%, but plasma exchange therapy has reduced the death rate to approximately 25% (2, 3).
Multipoint Quantitative-Trait Linkage Analysis in General Pedigrees

Multipoint linkage analysis of quantitative-trait loci (QTLs) has previously been restricted to sibships and small pedigrees. In this article, we show how variance-component linkage methods can be used in pedigrees of arbitrary size and complexity, and we develop a general framework for multipoint identity-by-descent (IBD) probability calculations. We extend the sib-pair multipoint mapping approach of Fulker et al. to general relative pairs. This multipoint IBD method uses the proportion of alleles shared identical by descent at genotyped loci to estimate IBD sharing at arbitrary points along a chromosome for each relative pair. We have derived correlations in IBD sharing as a function of chromosomal distance for relative pairs in general pedigrees and provide a simple framework whereby these correlations can be easily obtained for any relative pair related by a single line of descent or by multiple independent lines of descent. Once calculated, the multipoint relative-pair IBDs can be utilized in variance-component linkage analysis, which considers the likelihood of the entire pedigree jointly. Examples are given that use simulated data, demonstrating both the accuracy of QTL localization and the increase in power provided by multipoint analysis with 5-, 10-, and 20-cM marker maps. The general pedigree variance component and IBD estimation methods have been implemented in the SOLAR (Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines) computer package.
Multiplicity and Dialogue in Social Psychology: An Essay in Metatheorizing

L'A. etudie les aspects metatheoriques et methodologiques qui expliquent la multiplicite des psychologies sociales, au-dela de leurs contextes institutionnels, academiques ou historiques. La recherche metatheorique permet de depasser le clivage entre l'aspect sociologique et l'aspect psychologique de la discipline
The role of surface‐active carbohydrates in the formation of transparent exopolymer particles by bubble adsorption of seawater

Experiments were performed to examine the role of surface-active polysaccharides in the formation of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) by bubble adsorption in seawater. Filtered (1 .O pm, 0.45 pm) and ultrafiltered (0.1 pm, 100 kDa, and 10 kDa) seawater samples were bubbled in a glass foam tower. The neutral sugar composition, concentration of TEP, and concentration of surface-active carbohydrates in generated foam samples were determined. Three different surface seawater samples (Monterey Bay, California; Shannon Point, Anacortes, Washington; and East Sound, Orcas Island, Washington) were used in the experiments. Significant concentrations of pre-existing and new TEP were extracted into foam by bubble adsorption. Newly generated TEP accounted for 28-52% of the TEP collected in the foam samples by bubbling l.O-pm-filtered samples. Neutral sugar composition analyses of foam samples derived as a function of bubbling time indicated that two types of surface-active carbohydrates were extracted by bubble adsorption: highly surface-active carbohydrates, which were extracted initially, and less surfaceactive carbohydrates. As in our previous mesocosm study (Mopper et al. 1995), highly surface-active polysaccharides were enriched in deoxysugars (fucose and rhamnose), whereas the less surface-active polysaccharides and residual (bubble-stripped) water were glucose rich. In addition, the highly surface-active fraction was strongly enriched in covalently bound sulfate. The concentrations of TEP and surface-active carbohydrates that were extracted into the foam both decreased sharply with decreasing filter size used to filter samples prior to bubbling, in agreement with theoretical considerations. The results of this study suggest that bubble adsorption of sulfate-rich surface-active carbohydrates is an important pathway for the formation of TEP in surface waters, especially during algal blooms.
Global amphibian declines: sorting the hypotheses

Reports of malformed amphibians and global amphibian declines have led to public concern, particularly because amphibians are thought to be indicator species of overall envi- ronmental health. The topic also draws scientific attention because there is no obvious, simple answer to the question of what is causing amphi- bian declines? Complex interactions of several anthropogenic factors are probably at work, and understanding amphibian declines may thus serve as a model for understanding species declines in general. While we have fewer answers than we would like, there are six leading hypotheses that we sort into two classes. For class I hypotheses, alien species, over-exploitation and land use change, we have a good understanding of the ecological mechanisms underlying declines; these causes have affected amphibian populations negatively for more than a century. However, the question remains as to whether the magnitude of these negative effects increased in the 1980s, as scientists began to notice a global decline of amphibians. Further, remedies for these problems are not simple. For class II hypotheses, global change (including UV radiation and global climate change), contaminants and emerging infectious diseases we have a poor, but improving under- standing of how each might cause declines. Class II factors involve complex and subtle mechanistic underpinnings, with probable interactions among multiple ecological and evolutionary variables. They may also interact with class I hypotheses. Suspected mechanisms associated with class II hypotheses are relatively recent, dating from at least the middle of the 20th century. Did these causes act independently or in concert with pre- existing negative forces of class I hypotheses to increase the rate of amphibian declines to a level that drew global attention? We need more studies that connect the suspected mechanisms underlying both classes of hypotheses with quantitative changes in amphibian population sizes and species numbers. An important step forward in this task is clari- fying the hypotheses and conditions under which the various causes operate alone or together.
A simple model for quartz resonator low level drive sensitivity

The nature of the observed phenomenon of starting resistance is reviewed, along with the accompanying experimental evidence of high drive level altering and sometimes curing the malady. A simple phenomenological model is proposed, and it is shown that this model predicts all of the observed properties of starting resistance with the exception of high drive curing. Mechanisms for this case which are consistent with the model are suggested. Device changes due to high drive which would account for the observed characteristics and fit within the assumptions of the model are discussed. >
Structure of the Keap1:Nrf2 interface provides mechanistic insight into Nrf2 signaling

Keap1 is a BTB-Kelch substrate adaptor protein that regulates steady-state levels of Nrf2, a bZIP transcription factor, in response to oxidative stress. We have determined the structure of the Kelch domain of Keap1 bound to a 16-mer peptide from Nrf2 containing a highly conserved DxETGE motif. The Nrf2 peptide contains two short antiparallel β-strands connected by two overlapping type I β-turns stabilized by the aspartate and threonine residues. The β-turn region fits into a binding pocket on the top face of the Kelch domain and the glutamate residues form multiple hydrogen bonds with highly conserved residues in Keap1. Mutagenesis experiments confirmed the role of individual amino acids for binding of Nrf2 to Keap1 and for Keap1-mediated repression of Nrf2-dependent gene expression. Our results provide a detailed picture of how a BTB-Kelch substrate adaptor protein binds to its cognate substrate and will enable the rational design of novel chemopreventive agents.
Wounds like flowers opening: a discussion of Hysteria for trombone and four-channel tape

In this paper I discuss Hysteria, a work for trombone and four-channel tape. Abbie Conant, an internationally reco gnised trombonist, commissioned and performed Hysteria as part of her ‘Wired Goddess’ project. I chose five lines of poetry from John Campion's Tongue Stones: ‘matter/mater/meter/muthos’, ‘bowl of regeneration/quickener of wombs’, ‘follow the mysteries of your feet’, ‘Let dark ages be crucibles’ and ‘wounds like flowers opening’. With this text I created an implex of sonic images relating the body, fertility, menses and violence. The first line is particularly important and shapes the first two-thirds of the piece. The musical material complements the text and uses periodicity to suggest the body's heartbeat and breath. The heartbeat serves as a cantus firmus, occurring every five seconds, and pedal tones form the primary material for the trombone part and connect to the idea of breath. The punctuating gunshots occurring in the first half imply violence, and the dark red lighting suggests blood. The tape and trombone intertwine in a sonic world evoking the womb and regeneration. The four-channel tape heightens the sense of immersion that connected to the piece's resonance and dream-like atmosphere. The web of these associations constitutes an artistic reflection on the sensibility and experience of the feminine in a patriarchal society.
Priming White identity elicits stereotype boost for biracial Black-White individuals

Psychological threat experienced by students of negatively stereotyped groups impairs test performance. However, stereotype boost can also occur if a positively stereotyped identity is made salient. Biracial individuals, whose racial identities may be associated with both negative and positive testing abilities, have not been examined in this context. Sixty-four biracial Black-White individuals wrote about either their Black or White identity or a neutral topic and completed a verbal Graduate Record Examination (GRE) examination described as diagnostic of their abilities. White-primed participants performed significantly better than both Black-primed and control participants. Thus, biracial Black-White individuals experience stereotype boost only when their White identity is made salient.
Hedgehog Pathway Agonism: Therapeutic Potential and Small‐Molecule Development

The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is a developmental signaling pathway that plays multiple roles during embryonic development and in adult tissues. Constitutive Hh signaling has been linked to the development and progression of several forms of cancer, and the application of small-molecule pathway inhibitors as anticancer chemotherapeutics is well studied and clearly defined. Activation of the Hh pathway as a therapeutic strategy for a variety of degenerative or ischemic disorders has also been proposed; however, the development of small-molecule Hh agonists has received less attention. The goal of this review is to highlight the recent evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of Hh pathway activators and to provide a comprehensive overview of small-molecule pathway agonists.
Land-use change and greenhouse gas emissions from corn and cellulosic ethanol

The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that may accompany land-use change (LUC) from increased biofuel feedstock production are a source of debate in the discussion of drawbacks and advantages of biofuels. Estimates of LUC GHG emissions focus mainly on corn ethanol and vary widely. Increasing the understanding of LUC GHG impacts associated with both corn and cellulosic ethanol will inform the on-going debate concerning their magnitudes and sources of variability. In our study, we estimate LUC GHG emissions for ethanol from four feedstocks: corn, corn stover, switchgrass, and miscanthus. We use new computable general equilibrium (CGE) results for worldwide LUC. U.S. domestic carbon emission factors are from state-level modelling with a surrogate CENTURY model and U.S. Forest Service data. This paper investigates the effect of several key domestic lands carbon content modelling parameters on LUC GHG emissions. International carbon emission factors are from the Woods Hole Research Center. LUC GHG emissions are calculated from these LUCs and carbon content data with Argonne National Laboratory’s Carbon Calculator for Land Use Change from Biofuels Production (CCLUB) model. Our results indicate that miscanthus and corn ethanol have the lowest (−10 g CO2e/MJ) and highest (7.6 g CO2e/MJ) LUC GHG emissions under base case modelling assumptions. The results for corn ethanol are lower than corresponding results from previous studies. Switchgrass ethanol base case results (2.8 g CO2e/MJ) were the most influenced by assumptions regarding converted forestlands and the fate of carbon in harvested wood products. They are greater than miscanthus LUC GHG emissions because switchgrass is a lower-yielding crop. Finally, LUC GHG emissions for corn stover are essentially negligible and insensitive to changes in model assumptions. This research provides new insight into the influence of key carbon content modelling variables on LUC GHG emissions associated with the four bioethanol pathways we examined. Our results indicate that LUC GHG emissions may have a smaller contribution to the overall biofuel life cycle than previously thought. Additionally, they highlight the need for future advances in LUC GHG emissions estimation including improvements to CGE models and aboveground and belowground carbon content data.
Processor array self-reconfiguration by neural networks

The authors introduce a novel type of neural network which can be intelligently employed for controlling the reconfiguration circuits within a VLSI/WSI chip. In this implementation, the neural network is interconnected and programmed such that it can readily execute a maximum matching algorithm in order to assign fault-free spare elements to faulty components. This approach has been compared with the traditional reconfiguration algorithms, and by intensive simulation it is shown that the proposed neural net approach provides superior quality performance (i.e., higher survivability rates). It is also shown that the intrinsic fault-tolerant nature of neural networks maintains a degradable reconfiguration control even in the presence of faulty neural network components. The speed of neural networks provides an added advantage for online reconfiguration, where the chip can be quickly repaired by itself, thus reducing the system down-time. >
Effect of dietary triacylglycerol fatty acid positional distribution on plasma lipid classes and their fatty acid composition in preterm infants

Seven premature infants were each fed, for 1 wk in a crossover design. The beta formula contained triacylglycerols resembling the stereoisomeric structure of human milk fat (25.4% by wt 16:0, 76.1% of which is at the sn-2 position), whereas in the alpha formula 87.3% of total 16:0 (25.7% by wt was at the sn-1,3 positions. Plasma lipids and their fatty acid compositions were determined at the end of each 1 wk study period. Infants fed with the beta formula had higher percentages of palmitic acid in plasma sterol esters, triacylglycerols, and free fatty acids, and lower linoleic acid in triacylglycerols than with the alpha formula. Premature infants fed formulas with triacylglycerols 16:0 predominantly in the sn-2 rather than the sn-1,3 positions had alterations in their plasma fatty acids consistent with enhanced absorption of 16:0 from the sn-2 compared with the sn-1,3 positions.
Properties and Potential Applications of Nonwoven Crepe Fabrics

Nonwoven fabrice to which a convoluted, crepe-like structure has been imparted possess certain properties that suggest interesting potential areas of application. Such fabric structures may find acceptance as replacements for more expensive woven fabrics because of the capability of controlling drape and stretch characteristics to desirable levels. Possible end-use areas discussed are apparel fabrics, elastic inserts in disposable garments, and bags for air-particulate filtra tion. Physical principles governing drape and stretch properties are theoretically considered, and predicted values are found to agree well with experimental measurements on laboratory-made samples. These samples showed ex cellent permanency of structure and good wrinkle recovery. Air-particulate filtration performance of nonwoven crepe fabrics was evaluated. Improvements over flat fabrics in efficiency at equal material thickness, reduction in drag at equal material weight, high dust-holding capacity, and ease of cleaning were observed.
Plug-in electric drive vehicles: Experiences in research and education

This paper briefly describes the research and educational activities related to a current NSF CAREER grant titled ldquoVehicle Fleet as a Distributed Energy Storage System for the Power Gridrdquo. The PI, Dr. Ferdowsi, is an assistant professor at the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of the Missouri University of Science and Technology (MST).
Application and desktop sharing

Application and desktop sharing allows sharing any application with one or more people over the Internet. The participants receive the screen-view of the shared application from the server. Their mouse and keyboard events are delivered and regenerated at the server. Application and desktop sharing enables collaborative work, software tutoring and e-learning over the Internet. We have developed an application and desktop sharing platform called ADS which is efficient, reliable, operating system independent, scales well, supports all applications and features true application sharing.
A geometrical analysis of the Lyapunov operator

Abstract In this paper, the Lyapunov operator corresponding to a stable system is described in terms of its mapping of the set of positive definite matrices. This set and its image are shown to have geometrical descriptions which simplify the analysis. This geometrical approach also yields a method for finding the ‘best’ Lyapunov function of the quadratic type for a system with a variable parameter
Comparative Demography of Three Hawaiian Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) at Alternating Temperatures

Reproductive and population parameters of melon flies, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett, oriental fruit flies, B. dorsalis Hendel, and Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), were measured in environmental chambers maintained at temperatures of (maximum:minimum) 24:13, 24:24, 29:18, and 35:24 ± 1°C. Alternating temperature regimes more realistically approached the variation found in nature and produced higher parameters than an optimal constant temperature (24°C). Intra- and interspecific comparisons were done with 4 separate generations of wild fruit flies reared on a common natural host. All species attained their highest intrinsic rates of population increase at 29:18 or 35:24°C; C. capitata exhibited the highest intrinsic rates of increase at all temperature regimes. All species attained maximum net reproductive rates at 29:18°C, in the order C. capitata > B. dorsalis > B. cucurbitae. The 35:24°C regime caused reductions in net reproductive rates of all species, with B. dorsalis affected most strongly. Male longevity was greater than that of females for all species in all temperature regimes. Two distinctly different life history patterns were evident: (1) early reproduction, short life span, and a high intrinsic rate of increase (C. capitata), and (2) later onset of reproduction, longer life span, and a lower intrinsic rate of increase (B. cucurbitae).
An Annotation Framework for Dense Event Ordering

Today’s event ordering research is heavily dependent on annotated corpora. Current corpora influence shared evaluations and drive algorithm development. Partly due to this dependence, most research focuses on partial orderings of a document’s events. For instance, the TempEval competitions and the TimeBank only annotate small portions of the event graph, focusing on the most salient events or on specific types of event pairs (e.g., only events in the same sentence). Deeper temporal reasoners struggle with this sparsity because the entire temporal picture is not represented. This paper proposes a new annotation process with a mechanism to force annotators to label connected graphs. It generates 10 times more relations per document than the TimeBank, and our TimeBank-Dense corpus is larger than all current corpora. We hope this process and its dense corpus encourages research on new global models with deeper reasoning.
Middle Jurassic landscape evolution of southwest Laurentia using detrital zircon geochronology

The Middle Jurassic Wanakah Formation in western Colorado is a poorly understood unit in terms of depositional environment and absolute age of deposition; however, a refined interpretation of the provenance has important implications for understanding the landscape evolution of southwestern Laurentia during Mesozoic rifting of the supercontinent Pangea and the opening of the Gulf of Mexico. This study presents the first U/Pb age dating of detrital zircons from the Middle to Late Jurassic Entrada Sandstone, Wanakah Formation, and Tidwell and Salt Wash Members of the Morrison Formation. Detrital zircon geochronology results show a marked increase in ca. 523 Ma grains (compared to most Mesozoic sediments on the Colorado Plateau) that begins abruptly in the Wanakah Formation and continues into the basal Marker Bed A of the Tidwell Member of the Morrison Formation. U/Pb ages and petrography suggest that the Wanakah Formation was sourced, in large part, from the McClure Mountain syenite on the southwestern flank of the Ancestral Front Range. This abrupt change in provenance occurred due to stream capture and drainage reorganization that input a large amount of water into the basin and caused a shift in depositional environment from the eolian Entrada Sandstone to the hypersaline lake environments of the Wanakah Formation and the Tidwell Member. Additionally, stratigraphic, petrological, and detrital zircon analyses suggest that the contact between the Wanakah Formation and the Tidwell Member of the Morrison Formation is conformable, and the previously interpreted J-5 unconformity is likely not present in western Colorado. The stream capture and drainage reorganization that created the lake system recorded in the Wanakah Formation and the Tidwell Member likely evolved into the major fluvial system that deposited the Salt Wash Member of the Morrison Formation. The evolution of paleodrainages and provenance are important to understand because they help to constrain landscape evolution across southwestern Laurentia, and these insights can help to illuminate the influence of tectonic and sediment controls on depositional environment.
Photothermal Deoxygenation of Graphite Oxide with Laser Excitation in Solution and Graphene-Aided Increase in Water Temperature

We report the development of a facile laser reduction method for the synthesis of laser converted graphene (LCG) from graphite oxide (GO). The method provides a solution processable synthesis of individual graphene sheets in water under ambient conditions without the use of any chemical reducing agent. We also report on the high performance of GO and LCG for the efficient conversion of the laser radiation into usable heat, particularly for heating water for a variety of potential thermal, thermochemical, and thermomechanical applications.
Optimization-Based Path Planning for Separation Assurance on Small Unmanned Aircraft

This paper presents a time-based path planning optimizer for separation assurance for unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Given Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) as a sensor, intruder information such as position, velocity, and identification information is available at ranges on the order of 50 nautical miles. Such long-range intruder detection facilitates path planning for separation assurance, but also poses computational challenges. The time-based path optimizer presented in this paper provides a path-planning method that takes advantage of long-range ADS-B information and addresses the associated challenges. It is capable of long-range path planning and, due to the convex formulation, is computationally efficient enough to run successively for increased robustness. The ultimate result of this research is a convex, time-based path planner that is suitable for a detectand-avoid solution on small UAS in the National Airspace System.
Enterprises' Marketing Strategy Transformation: From Quantity Marketing to Overall Quality Marketing

China's entering the WTO is both an opportunity and a challenge to chinese enterprises.To meet hard market competition,enterprise should set up more scientific marketing concepts and adopts more advanced marketing strategies and management means.The paper points out that the enforcement of overall quality marketing can help enterprises win the competition,with a comparison with quantity marketing.
Renal gene therapy.

Until now there is no renal gene therapy available for clinical use, however, gene therapy for several experimental renal diseases has been tested with promising results. The kidney is a well-differentiated organ with a variety of specialized compartments, i.e., vascular, glomerular, tubular, and interstitial. Many physiological factors such as cell turnover rate, blood flow, and urine flow, as well as anatomical factors such as glomerular basement membrane and nephron segment arrangement, may affect the specificity and efficacy of gene therapy in the kidney. On the other hand, the kidney has a major advantage over other solid organs, since it is accessible by many routes, including intrarenal artery infusion, retrograde delivery through the urinary tract, direct injection into renal parenchyma, and perfusion into the donor graft prior to transplantation (1). This chapter reviews nonviral gene transfer in the different compartments of the kidney (for review of viral vectormediated renal gene transfer, see refs. 2-5), and in skeletal muscle, for renal gene therapy, and potential applications and safety concerns for renal gene therapy.
Interconnected foams of helical carbon nanofibers grown with ultrahigh yield for high capacity sodium ion battery anodes

Abstract Here we demonstrate the growth of three-dimensional foams of defect-containing helical carbon nanofibers for application in efficient sodium ion battery anodes. Using pretreated Ni nanowire templates, over 3500% growth yield is observed for helical CNF foam materials, which can be directly incorporated into a sodium-ion battery anode. Our work demonstrates that the tortuous bends in helical CNFs provide a balance of nanodomains and defect sites that are responsible for high performance sodium storage. This includes sodium storage capacity exceeding 280 mAh/g at moderate rates of 100 mA/g with stable cycling performance over 200 cycles. Raman spectroscopic analysis during sodiation sheds insight into storage behavior of this material that confirms defect and nanopore mediated storage over the formation of an ordered intercalation compound. This work presents an intersection between the large-scale controlled growth science of carbon nanostructures and carbon materials optimized for efficient sodium storage applications.
Hematopoiesis on cellulose ester membranes. XI. Induction of new bone and a hematopoietic microenvironment by matrix factors secreted by marrow stromal cells

Cellulose ester membranes (CEM) were coated with stromal cells from bone marrow (BM) or bone and implanted intraperitoneally (IP) in CAF1 mice for intervals of 1 to 6 months. Previous studies indicated that matrix factors [glycoproteins (GPs), proteoglycans (PGs), and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)] were secreted by the regenerating stromal cells and adsorbed by the CEM. After 1 to 6 months, the CEMs were removed, scraped free of adherent cells, and irradiated in vitro with 40 Gy. The scraped and irradiated CEMs were then reimplanted IP or subcutaneously (SC) for periods of 1 to 6 months in secondary syngeneic murine hosts. They were then removed for histologic study. CEMs reimplanted in SC sites developed bone and hematopoiesis as early as 1 month after implantation. Maximum hematopoiesis and bone formation was observed after 3 months. CEMs coated during the initial implantation with bone-derived stromal cells contained more bone and hematopoietic cells than did CEMs coated with marrow-derived stromal cells after SC implementation. Neither the CEMs coated with bone stromal cells nor those coated with marrow stromal cells developed new bone or trilineal hematopoiesis after being implanted IP. A few CEMs contained small foci of granulopoiesis only. We conclude that noncellular matrix substances deposited on CEMs by bone, and to a lesser degree by marrow cells, can induce prestromal cells in the SC tissues to produce a microenvironment suitable for trilineal hematopoiesis.
Nitroprusside, Nitroglycerin, and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Sodium nitroprusside causes cyanide poisoning at currently recommended infusion rates. Serum thiocyanate concentrations are of no value in detecting cyanide poisoning caused by nitroprusside. Methemoglobinemia in those patients receiving intravenous nitroglycerin may seriously impair oxygen delivery and is not always accompanied by cyanosis in anemic patients. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are responsible for a plethora of adverse effects, including renal insufficiency, hypotension, angioedema, cough, and increased insulin sensitivity.
Diagnostic considerations in breast disorders of children and adolescents.

SUMMARY A review of the medical literature on breast disorders in children and adolescents leads to a number of conclusions. Though females may develop breast masses early in life, the risk of malignancy is extremely low. Therefore, most breast masses in the young can be managed conservatively without surgery. Breast masses in young girls may represent thelarche or tumors of adjacent structures, but are unlikely to be malignant. The most common form of bilateral breast enlargement in prepubertal girls is premature thelarche, a benign, transient, and incomplete form of precocious puberty. Fibroadenoma is the most common cause of breast mass in female adolescents. In the rare case in which a breast mass in this population is malignant, it is more likely to be a noncarcinomatous or metastatic cancer. Because of the low risk of malignancy and the relatively different composition of the adolescent as compared to the adult breast, mammography is not recommended for routine screening or routine imaging of breast masses in adolescents. The role of breast self-examination should be further studied.