cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Time-course proteomics dataset monitoring HeLa cells subjected to DTT induced endoplasmic reticulum stress.

The data described here provide an analysis of the dynamic response of HeLa cell proteome to dithiothreitol (DTT) inducing stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). During ER stress, accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins in the lumen of the ER initiates the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), resulting in a large-scale redistribution of proteins. We used label-free mass spectrometry to monitor the proteomic changes of HeLa cells during a 30-h time course, monitoring eight time points (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 8, 16, 24, and 30 h). The data are associated with the research article “Differential dynamics of the mammalian mRNA and protein expression response to misfolding stress” [1], which discusses a core dataset of 1237 proteins. Here, we present the extended dataset of 2131 proteins. The raw mass spectrometry data and the analysis results have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org) via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PRIDE: PXD002039.
Machine learning-based mobile threat monitoring and detection

Mobile device security must keep up with the increasing demand of mobile users. Smartphones are every day becoming connected to more devices and services, interacting with the growing Internet of things. Every new service, and connection, creates a new pathway for intrusion and data theft. Each intrusion can yield further opportunities for breaches of corporate and enterprise infrastructure, and significant cost. In our study, we propose a mobile security platform that combines our developed security web server, analysis module, and Android OS application, with the Google Cloud Messaging service for queued and targeted device messaging. In the cloud, the developed LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) server sends, receives, and stores data from a connected device via the corresponding Android OS application. The data consists of system information for device identification, and application data to be distributed to the analysis module for malicious content to be extracted and identified. The analysis module, utilizing the Weka software, performs both static and dynamic analyses to detect Android malware, simultaneously providing rapid and intuitive security with predictive capabilities. The server additionally provides device status visualization and manual security operations.
Heat Sealing and Repair

The melt fabrication of fluorinated ionomers is typically done in the precursor form but the finished product in the hydrogen ion form has enough melt flow to permit heat sealing and repair. Impulse heating is used for heat sealing because at the required temperatures, the ionomers undergo slow thermal degradation. Ionomers in the tetra alkyl ammonium form have a much lower melting point than ionomers containing inorganic cations. The tetra butyl ammonium form is particularly easy to heat seal. Quiver in Milan, Italy offers a complete system for membrane repair, including equipment to check large sheets of membranes for leaks, automated patching equipment, and patches made of Nafion ® attached to a Kapton ® release sheet. This chapter pictorially depicts the steps of the repair procedure. For the repair of membranes with a cathode side barrier layer, the anode side of the patch is sealed against the anode side of the membrane to be repaired.
Korsgaard and Non-Sentient Life

Christine Korsgaard argues for the moral status of animals and our obligations to them. She grounds this obligation on the notion that we share a common identity, our animal nature, with them and that animal pain represents a public reason that binds us; nevertheless, her distinctive attempt to enlist Kantian arguments to account for our obligations to animals has a startling implication that she fails to adequately consider: that we have direct duties to plants as well.
The First Year: Development of Preservice Teacher Beliefs About Teaching and Learning During Year One of an MA TESOL Program

i Acknowledgments ii List of Tables iv List of Figures v Chapter 1:Introduction 1 Chapter 2: Review of the Literature 2.1: The Nature of Preservice Teacher Beliefs 4 2.2: How Preservice Teachers Construct Knowledge 8 2.3: Recent Studies in Preservice Teacher Training 10 2.4: Summary and Research Questions 13 Chapter 3: Methodology 3.1: Setting 16 3.2: Participants 25 3.3: Data Sources and Collection 26 3.4: Data Analysis 28 3.5: Researcher Role and Reliability 30 Chapter 4: Results and Discussion 4.1: Results 4.1a: Rebecca 32 4.1b: Lisa 39 4.1c: Jesus 46 4.1d: Doris 50 4.2: Discussion 57 4.3: Summary 69 Chapter 5: Implications and Conclusion 5.1: Summary of Findings 72 5.2: Implications and Suggestions 78 5.3: Limitations and Areas for Further Research 87 5.4: Conclusion 89 References 90 Appendices A: Sample Interview Questions 96 B: Program Requirements for MA TESOL 98 B: Program Requirements for Teaching Portfolio 100 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Overview of Program Curriculum 19
Demystifying the Survival of North Korea

North Korea still exists. The majority of researchers today tend to attribute the nation’s surprising resilience to the total social control the regime exerts. There are telltale signs, however, th...
Mortality under plausible interventions on antiretroviral treatment and depression in HIV-infected women: an application of the parametric g-formula.

Abstract Purpose Among HIV-infected persons, antiretroviral therapy (ART) and depression are strongly associated with mortality. We estimated reductions in 5-year mortality in Women's Interagency HIV Study participants under plausible hypothetical increases in ART initiation and reductions in depression (CES-D score≥16). Methods We followed 885 ART-naive Women's Interagency HIV Study participants for 5 years from their first study visit after April 1998 to death or censoring. We used the parametric extended g-formula to estimate cumulative mortality under the natural course (NC) and alternative exposure distributions. Results Baseline prevalence of depression was 52% and 62% initiated ART by 5 years. Compared with mortality under NC (13.2%), immediate ART and elimination of 36% or 67% of depressive episodes were associated with risk differences (RDs) of −5.2% (95% CI: −7.7%, −2.6%) and −5.7 (95% CI: −8.7, −2.7). Compared with immediate ART and NC for depression, additionally eliminating 67% of the depressive episodes was associated with RD = −1.6 (95% CI: −3.9, 0.8). Compared with 5-year mortality under NC for ART and elimination of 67% of depression, also initiating ART immediately was associated with RD = -2.6 (95% CI: -5.0, -0.3). Conclusions Increasing ART initiation and reducing depression were associated with moderate reductions in 5-year mortality among HIV-infected women.
Next-Generation Mobile Services

What might comic book heroes, crowdsensing, and Internet computing have in common? In this column, they share the possibility of futuristic techniques for mobile devices.
SGXElide: enabling enclave code secrecy via self-modification

Intel SGX provides a secure enclave in which code and data are hidden from the outside world, including privileged code such as the OS or hypervisor. However, by default, enclave code prior to initialization can be disassembled and therefore no secrets can be embedded in the binary. This is a problem for developers wishing to protect code secrets. This paper introduces SGXElide, a nearly-transparent framework that enables enclave code confidentiality. The key idea is to treat program code as data and dynamically restore secrets after an enclave is initialized. SGXElide can be integrated into any enclave, providing a mechanism to securely decrypt or deliver the secret code with the assistance of a developer-controlled trusted remote party. We have implemented SGXElide atop a recently released version of the Linux SGX SDK, and our evaluation with a number of programs shows that SGXElide can be used to protect the code secrecy of practical applications with no overhead after enclave initialization.
Review of Solar Silicon Recycling

Photovoltaic (PV) modules are becoming an ever increasingly larger part of our energy portfolio. As more and more PV modules are installed and come on-line, management of end-of-life (EOL) modules becomes an important issue. Currently, management of overburden EOL PV modules is not an issue, but is anticipated to be by 2030. Recovery and recycling of valuable metals in PV modules presents several environmental and economic advantages. In this brief review, we will describe processes for refurbishing and recycling of PV silicon. These processes involve some combination of mechanical, thermal, and chemical processing, all of which all have their oPV) modules have become wn respective challenges. Also, projections of PV module material streams are also highlighted.
Cost-Benefit and Fiscal Impact Analysis of Ohio Historic Preservation Tax Credit (OHPTC)

The federal government and over thirty states nationwide offer a tax credit in lieu of certain expenditures incurred as part of historic rehabilitation projects. Several economic impact studies have shown the positive effect of the credit on job creation, property values, and environmental friendly behavior in Louisville, KY (Gilderbloom, Hanka & Ambrosius, 2009) and in the state of Maryland (Frizzell & Mitchell, 2002). Most of the studies of historic preservation credits are, however, nonempirical and evaluate only the economic impact of the credit. The societal benefit-cost analysis conducted in this manuscript is the first study of its kind of the Ohio Historic Preservation Tax Credit (OHPTC) program. In addition, this study provides an OHPTC fiscal impact analysis (benefit-cost analysis from the government perspective).The data for the analysis come from the county auditors’ offices, and multiple proprietary sources, including administrative estimates provided by the agencies managing the OHPTC program, and online survey of the developers. The sensitivity analysis accounts for the differences in discount rates and other factors. The study finds that the overall societal benefits will outweigh overall societal costs by 2023. From the fiscal perspective, the program begins to pay for itself in 2025, but the overall program costs will remain higher than overall benefits during the considered study period (until 2030).
An unproclaimed empire: the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the viewpoint of comparative historical sociology of empires

Updated from an earlier Lithuanian version and translated by Albina Strunga, this book seems meant for historians interested in broad worldwide tendencies yet also well versed in Lithuanian-Rutheni...
Marital Status and Return to Work After Living Kidney Donation.

Purpose:Living kidney donation is safe and effective, but patients in need of a transplant continue to outnumber donors. Disincentives to living donation include lost income, risk of job loss, peri...
Natural Language Interface to a Library Database

For many software systems (e.g., computer aided design and computer aided software engineering tools), high-resolution graphical windowing interfaces are the appropriate user interface technology. However, for systems like a library database, inexpensive “dumb” terminals that accept natural language (NL) commands and that respond in natural language provide a much more usable interaction for those who care most about getting their data management tasks done quickly. Clearly, natural language processing systems augmented by reliable speech recognition systems will, in the near future, provide the most natural possible man-machine interface for low-bandwidth interactions.
PLASMA DOPAMINE METABOLITES: USEFUL INDICES OF CENTRAL DOPAMINE METABOLISM?

Experimental manipulations which cause significant changes in brain levels of dopamine (DA) metabolites such as electrical stimulation or electrothermic lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway, intraventricular treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine or administration of antipsychotic drugs result in parallel changes in plasma levels of these metabolites. Destruction of central DA neurons attenuates the antipsychotic drug-induced increase in plasma DA metabolites. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that a significant proportion of the DA metabolites in rat plasma originates from: the central nervous system and that changes in the concentration of these metabolites in brain are reflected by parallel changes in plasma. Studies in non-human primates with haloperidol have yielded similar findings except that changes were found primarily in homovanillic acid (HVA), the major DA metabolite in this species. A positive correlation was obtained between CSF and plasma levels of HVA in this species.
Development of sleep spindle bursts during the first year of life

Sleep spindles, as defined in the international electroencephalography (EEG) glossary, are distinguished from spindle bursts seen in the EEGs of premature infants. Classical sleep spindles do not occur in prematures. They first appear clearly in the EEG during slow wave sleep from the 4th week postterm (44 weeks conceptional age) and are normally present in all infants' EEGs by 9 weeks postterm. During the first year of life they may be of high voltage relative to their appearance in older children and adults and are commonly characterized by variable degrees of interhemispheric asymmetry and asynchrony. Individual differences are great. Some features of clinical significance are discussed.
On the origin of excess heavy xenon in primitive chondrites

Abstract In heating experiments, xenon was studied in separated matrix and chondrule samples of the Mokoia carbonaceous chondrite and the Chainpur unequilibrated ordinary chondrite. Larger isotopic anomalies in the heavy xenon were found than have previously been seen in carbonaceous chondrites. Pu244 spontaneous fission decay in situ is an unlikely source for the excess heavy xenon. A “carrier” hypothesis is suggested as an alternative source.
Political Parties and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows Among Developing Countries

This article focuses on the nature of party systems to explain variations in foreign direct investment inflows within developing democracies. We hypothesize a positive relationship between the effe...
Bile Duct Development and the Notch Signaling Pathway

Intrahepatic bile duct development is a sophisticated process that begins with a simple, perivenular arrangement of hepatoblasts and ends with an intricate, arborizing, hierarchical network of ducts that navigate the liver parenchyma, contributing to liver health and disease not only via drainage of bile but via direct and indirect interactions with surrounding cells. Development of the intrahepatic bile ducts depends upon cell specification and subsequent morphogenesis, both involving intercellular signaling through the Notch pathway. Alteration of this pathway by mutations in critical Notch ligands and/or Notch receptors disrupts normal intrahepatic bile duct formation and leads to the hepatobiliary phenotype seen in Alagille syndrome. More complete insight into the complexities of intrahepatic bile duct development and the signaling pathways involved (Notch and others) is a requisite preamble to defining cellular and molecular therapies with the potential of attenuating, or reversing, biliary injury in Alagille syndrome and other cholangiopathies.
Microscale Spatial Distribution of Phragmites australis (Common Reed) Invasion into Spartina patens (Salt Hay)-dominated Communities in Brackish Tidal Marsh

Over the last century, Phragmites australis (common reed) has been expanding rapidly from the marsh–upland boundary into Spartina patens (salt hay)-dominated high marsh communities of the eastern US coast. Whereas direct and indirect human disturbances and changes in hydrology or salinity are likely to influence rates of spread at the landscape scale, the susceptibility of specific plant communities to invasion also influence rates of Phragmites expansion at the local scale. I measured microscale (0.25 m2) spatial patterns of culms (emerging buds and mature stems) in October 1993 at both expanding and stable boundaries of Phragmites populations within a S. patens-dominant matrix. In both expanding and stable plots, Phragmites culms were observed more frequently than expected on hummocks that were created by S. patens tussock-forming root structure. Culm density within a plot was correlated with the percent hummock cover within a plot. Further, Phragmites culms, particularly mature stems, were concentrated along the perimeter of the hummocks. Because the culms were not evenly distributed between hummocks and hollows, I suggest that invasion rates of Phragmites are limited in S. patens communities by microscale differences in hummock availability. The pattern of emergence suggests that expanding rhizomes of Phragmites encounter both competition with S. patens roots on the hummocks and physiological stressors (salinity, anoxia, sulfide concentrations) in the hollows.
Wander 2D: a flexible pavement design framework for autonomous and connected trucks

ABSTRACTThe lateral position of truck loading is a random phenomenon for human-driven trucks because they do not follow a straight path as they travel. Therefore, this variable has been called as w...
Treatment Discontinuation within 3 Years of Levothyroxine Initiation among Children Diagnosed with Congenital Hypothyroidism.

Objectives To measure the rates of thyroid gland imaging and levothyroxine (L-T4) discontinuation and to assess whether discontinuation was monitored with thyroid-stimulating hormone testing in subjects with congenital hypothyroidism. Study design This is a retrospective analysis of claims data from the IBM MarketScan Databases for children born between 2010 and 2016 and continuously enrolled in a noncapitated employer-sponsored private health insurance plan or in Medicaid for ≥36 months from the date of the first filled L-T4 prescription. Results There were 263 privately insured and 241 Medicaid-enrolled children who met the inclusion criteria. More privately insured than Medicaid-enrolled children had imaging between the first filled prescription and 180 days after the last filled prescription (24.3% vs 12.9%; P = .001). By 36 months, 35.7% discontinued L-T4, with no difference by insurance status (P = .48). Among those who discontinued, 29.1% of privately insured children and 47.7% of Medicaid-enrolled children had no claims for thyroid-stimulating hormone testing within the next 180 days (P = .01). Conclusions Nearly one-third of children with suspected congenital hypothyroidism discontinued L-T4 by 3 years and fewer Medicaid-enrolled than privately insured children received timely follow-up thyroid-stimulating hormone testing. Future studies are indicated to understand the quality of care and developmental outcomes for children with congenital hypothyroidism and barriers to guideline adherence in evaluating for transient congenital hypothyroidism.
Abstract TMP64: CT Perfusion Imaging in Telestroke Can Assist With Decision Making Without Delaying IV Alteplase

Introduction: Perfusion based imaging aids in patient selection for endovascular therapy (EVT). Appropriate selection of patients for EVT is an important component of telestroke programs. Thus, tel...
Sleep duration is associated with auditory radiation microstructure

Although hearing has been shown to interact with sleep, the underlying mechanisms for the interaction remain largely unclear. In the absence of knowledge about the neural pathways that are associat...
On the pharmacological evaluation of bisphosphonates in humans

Abstract One of the key parameters for a successful treatment with any drug is the use of an optimal dose regimen. Bisphosphonates (BPs) have been in clinical use for over five decades and during this period clinical pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) evaluations have been instrumental for the identification of optimal dose regimens in patients. Ideal clinical PK and PD studies help drug developers explain variability in responses and enable the identification of a dose regimen with an optimal effect. PK and PD studies of the unique and rather complex pharmacological properties of BPs also help determine to a significant extent ideal dosing for these drugs. Clinical PK and PD evaluations of BPs preferably use study designs and assays that enable the assessment of both short- (days) and long-term (years) presence and effect of these drugs in patients. BPs are mainly used for metabolic bone diseases because they inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and the best way to quantify their effects in humans is therefore by measuring biochemical markers of bone resorption in serum and urine. In these very same samples BP concentrations can also be measured. Short-term serum and urine data after both intravenous (IV) and oral administration enable the assessment of oral bioavailability as well as the amount of BP delivered to the skeleton. Longer-term data provide information on the anti-resorptive effect as well as the elimination of the BP from the skeleton. Using PK-PD models to mathematically link the anti-resorptive action of the BPs to the amount of BP at the skeleton provides a mechanism-based explanation of the pattern of bone resorption during treatment. These models have been used successfully during the clinical development of BPs. Newer versions of such models, which include systems pharmacology and disease progression models, are more comprehensive and include additional PD parameters such as BMD and fracture risk. Clinical PK and PD studies of BPs have been useful for the identification of optimal dose regimens for metabolic bone diseases. These analyses will also continue to be important for newer research directions, such as BP use in the delivery of other drugs to the bone to better treat bone metastases and bone infections, as well as the potential benefit of BPs at non-skeletal targets for the prevention and treatments of soft tissue cancers, various fibroses, and other cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and reduction in mortality and extension of lifespan.
Reduced Mammography Screening for Breast Cancer among Women with Visual Impairment.

Purpose Timely mammography to screen for breast cancer in accordance with the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations can reduce morbidity and mortality substantially. This study assessed whether the odds of undergoing screening mammography are similar for women with and without visual impairment (VI). Design Retrospective, longitudinal cohort study. Participants Women aged 65 to 72 years enrolled in fee-for-service Medicare from January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2015. Methods Patients with no vision loss (NVL), partial vision loss (PVL), and severe vision loss (SVL) were matched 1:1:1 based on age, race, time in Medicare, urbanicity of residence, and overall health. Women with pre-existing breast cancer were excluded. Multivariable conditional logistic regression modeling compared the odds of undergoing screening mammography within a 2-year follow-up period among the 3 groups. Main Outcomes Measures Proportion of participants undergoing mammography and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of undergoing mammography within 2 years of follow-up. Results A total of 1044 patients were matched (348 in each group). The mean ± standard deviation age at the index date was 69.0 ± 1.5 years for all 3 groups. The proportion of women undergoing 1 mammography screening or more within the 2-year follow-up was 69.0% (n = 240), 56.9% (n = 198), and 56.0% (n = 195) for the NVL, PVL, and SVL groups, respectively (P = 0.0005). The mean ± standard deviation number of mammography screenings undergone per patient during the 5-year period (3-year look-back plus 2-year follow-up) was 3.1 ± 2.0, 2.5 ± 2.0, and 2.3 ± 2.1 for the NVL, PVL, and SVL groups, respectively (P Conclusions Women with VI were significantly less likely to undergo mammography screening for breast cancer than women without VI. Clinicians should look for ways to help ensure that patients with VI undergo mammography and other preventive screenings as recommended by the USPSTF.
Healthcare satisfaction among the older adults with Alzheimer’s disease or dementia

The study seeks to examine how older adults in the United States with either Alzheimer’s disease or dementia rate the importance of attributes associated with healthcare seeking and utilization (e.g., affordability, type of facility, and accessibility). Using conjoint and cluster analyses, the purpose of this study is assessed using data from the 2014 Health and Retirement Study. Findings revealed that satisfaction pertaining to these attributes slightly differed across clusters. This suggests that it is important to ensure that healthcare services are affordable and accessible, and the preferences of older adults are taken into consideration when making treatment or other relevant programmatic recommendations.
Time-Resolved Characterization of Taylor Impact Testing

A methodology is presented for characterizing the Taylor impact response of materials using high-speed digital image correlation. The motivation of this work is to understand material failure during high-rate loading and extract high-fidelity, quantitative data which captures the deformation history. Taylor impact experiments were chosen because they are a well-established means of assessing material behavior at high strains and strain rates. They are also particularly useful for exercising computational models. Digital image correlation was then identified as a promising technique to provide time-resolved, full-field characterization of the multi-axial failure behavior. This study shows the high-rate response of copper using symmetrical Taylor impact at several impact velocities. The utility and challenges associated with performing stereo digital image correlation with ultra-high-speed cameras and conducting Taylor impact studies are also discussed. The approach has implications for determining the susceptibility of materials to different failure modes and can provide a robust validation of computational models. One of the key features of interest will be the direct comparison between the experiments and the computational models.
Screen-printed Water-soluble Resistors for Wearable Electronics: An Analysis of the Fabrication Process

Screen-printing of functional materials is a well-established process in the printed electronics industry. Recent advancements of flexible electronics demand screen-printing of a wide range of functional materials on flexible and stretchable polymeric substrates. The printability, quality of the printed structures, and their reliability during storage and usage are determined by the key fabrication process parameters such as the material properties, printing parameters, curing conditions, and environmental factors. Therefore, proper analysis of distinctive fabrication processes is crucial for problem-solving and process improvements in order to ensure optimum outcomes. In the present study, a low-cost, disposable, multilayer Sweat Rate Electrode (SRE) was fabricated on a flexible and highly stretchable Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) substrate by screen-printing, using a Silver-filled conductive ink and a water-based Carbon-filled conductive ink. Exposure to low humidity and high temperature adversely affected the fabrication process and the robustness of the SRE. These challenges were overcome by better control of environmental conditions in the printing atmosphere and proper selection of the materials, printing parameters, curing conditions, and fabrication process flow. We demonstrate the fabrication of a defect-free, robust SRE on TPU substrate.
Biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder: opportunities for magnetoencephalography (MEG)

This paper reviews a candidate biomarker for ASD, the M50 auditory evoked response component, detected by magnetoencephalography (MEG) and presents a position on the roles and opportunities for such a biomarker, as well as converging evidence from allied imaging techniques (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI and spectroscopy, MRS). Data is presented on prolonged M50 latencies in ASD as well as extension to include children with ASD with significant language and cognitive impairments in whom M50 latency delays are exacerbated. Modeling of the M50 latency by consideration of the properties of auditory pathway white matter is shown to be successful in typical development but challenged by heterogeneity in ASD; this, however, is capitalized upon to identify a distinct subpopulation of children with ASD whose M50 latencies lie well outside the range of values predictable from the typically developing model. Interestingly, this subpopulation is characterized by low levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Following from this, we discuss a potential use of the M50 latency in indicating "target engagement" acutely with administration of a GABA-B agonist, potentially distinguishing "responders" from "non-responders" with the implication of optimizing inclusion for clinical trials of such agents. Implications for future application, including potential evaluation of infants with genetic risk factors, are discussed. As such, the broad scope of potential of a representative candidate biological marker, the M50 latency, is introduced along with potential future applications.This paper outlines a strategy for understanding brain dysfunction in individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). It is proposed that a multimodal approach (collection of brain structure, chemistry, and neuronal functional data) will identify IDD subpopulations who share a common disease pathway, and thus identify individuals with IDD who might ultimately benefit from specific treatments. After briefly demonstrating the need and potential for scope, examples from studies examining brain function and structure in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) illustrate how measures of brain neuronal function (from magnetoencephalography, MEG), brain structure (from magnetic resonance imaging, MRI, especially diffusion MRI), and brain chemistry (MR spectroscopy) can help us better understand the heterogeneity in ASD and form the basis of multivariate biological markers (biomarkers) useable to define clinical subpopulations. Similar approaches can be applied to understand brain dysfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in general. In large part, this paper represents our endeavors as part of the CHOP/Penn NICHD-funded intellectual and developmental disabilities research center (IDDRC) over the past decade.
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation after failed autologous transplant for lymphoma using TLI and anti-thymocyte globulin conditioning.

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation after failed autologous transplant for lymphoma using TLI and anti-thymocyte globulin conditioning
A Comparative Perspective on Unjust Dismissal Laws

This book chapter is based on a larger project with Samuel Estreicher in which we examine in detail the unjust dismissals regimes of numerous countries. The study of these laws goes beyond the text of the relevant statues and cases, as it uses input from foreign employment law practioners and available data — particularly claimants’ success rates and average remedies — in an attempt to observe how the laws actually operate in practice.The conclusion drawn from this study challenges the common “American exceptionalism” premise that argues that adopting a just cause rule would place the U.S. in the same company as the rest of the world. It is true that most countries provide employees with more protection against unjust dismissals than the U.S. But even on paper, the protections in many of the surveyed countries are often weaker than the typical American view of just cause protection assumes. Moreover, the actual practice in these countries frequently reveals even less protection, particularly when remedies are taken into account. These considerations make American dismissal law, although certainly weaker, appear less than exceptional. In addition, the variances in unjust dismissal regimes suggest that many economic studies of employment protection fail to account for the full range of differences that exist among countries. For instance, a study on the effect of employment regulation on a country’s or firms’ economic performance should not rely solely on the laws as they are written because similar looking laws may have substantially different effects due to their available remedies or other operational disparities. Thus, studies should do more to account for these differences or, where appropriate data are unavailable, at least acknowledge that limitation.
Engineered Microenvironments to Investigate Cellular Behavior

Numerous in vivo morphogenetic processes such as angiogenesis occur within a three-dimensional context, where both soluble growth factor-mediated and insoluble adhesive signals modulate cellular behaviors such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Using microfabrication approaches to engineer the multidimensional cellular microenvironment, we are examining how these adhesive and growth factor cues interact and synergize to regulate dynamic cell signaling, gene expression, cell proliferation, and migration. Here, we demonstrate a novel microfabricated platform to culture cells within three- dimensional collagen gels that enables the spatial organization of single cells and multicellular aggregates. Our results suggest that in addition to the matrix environment, the spatiotemporal dynamics of a stimulus signal can influence intracellular signaling and subsequent cell behavior. These systems enable fundamental insights into how cells integrate mechanochemical signals from their environment in order to coordinate downstream functions.
NHLBI state of the science symposium in therapeutic apheresis: Knowledge gaps and research opportunities in the area of hematology-oncology

The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) hosted a two-day state of the science symposium on therapeutic apheresis in Bethesda, MD on November 28th-29th, 2012. The purpose of the symposium was multifaceted, and included the following aims: (a) To discuss this state of research and key scientific questions in apheresis medicine; (b) To identify gaps in knowledge for relevant cardiovascular diseases, hematological and oncological diseases, infectious diseases and sepsis, renal diseases, and neurological diseases where there may be strong therapeutic rationale for the application of apheresis treatments; (c) To explore ways of coordinating therapeutic apheresis with other medical disciplines and treatment modalities; (d) To identify and prioritize the most important research questions to be answered in apheresis medicine; and (e) To offer NHLBI suggestions on how a structured research approach can be applied to the therapeutic apheresis research agenda in future years. The following document summarizes three such key proposals presented at the meeting for evaluating apheresis therapy for the treatment of pain in sickle cell disease, heparin induced thrombocytopenia, and leukostasis from acute myeloid leukemia. The challenges and limitations regarding apheresis therapy for each disease are discussed, and avenues for future investigation for each disease are outlined.
Constitutionalism – A Skeptical View

This paper examines the ideology that goes by the name of "constitutionalism." The first part of the paper considers the significance of "written constitutions" The second part of the paper casts a skeptical eye at conceptions of constitutionalisim that emphasize "limited" government. Once "limited government" is contrasted carefully with "restrained government" (restraints upon specific actions by government) and with "controlled government" (e.g. insistence upon democratic control), we see that the association of constitutionalism with general limitations on the scope of government ought to make it a much more controversial ideal than the general anodyne acceptance of the term "constitutionalism" might lead us to expect. Finally, the anti-democratic implications of constitutionalism are explored. The paper argues that, by insisting on limited government, constitutionalism downplays the important role that constitutions have to perform in the modern world in establishing and securing specifically democratic authority.
Clinical and cytogenetic variations of gonadal dysgenesis in 3 patients.

Abstract The clinical and cytogenetic heterogeneity of gonadal dysgenesis is illustrated by three patients who have a partially deleted X chromosome in some or all of their cells. Their variable findings emphasize the need for extensive evaluations in patients with gonadal dysgenesis to accurately define the syndrome in each patient. Comparisons with similar patients from the literature are made. Chromosome-phenotype correlations and special problems of sex chromosome abnormalities are discussed.
Equilibria of SiF4 with SiO2, Be2SiO4, and BeO in Molten Li2BeF4

Equilibrium partial pressures of SiF4 were measured for the reactions 2SiO2(c)+2BeF2(d)⇋SiF4(g)+Be2SiO4(c) (log PsiF4(mm) = [8.790 - 7620/T] ±0.06(500°–640°C)) and Be2SiO4(c) +2BeF2(d)⇋SiF4(g) +4BeO(c)(log PsiF4(mm) = [9.530–9400/T] ±0.04 (700°–780°C)), wherein BeF2 was present in solution with LiF as molten Li2BeF4. The solubility of SiF4 was low (∼0.04 mol kg-1 atm-1) in the melt. The results for the first equilibrium were combined with available thermochemical data to calculate improved ΔHf and ΔGf values for phenacite (–497.57 ±2.2 and –470.22±2.2 kcal, respectively, at 298°K). The few measurements above 700°C for the second equilibrium are consistent with the temperature of the subsolidus decomposition of phenacite to BeO and SiO2 and with the heat of this decomposition as determined by Holm and Kleppa. Below 700°C, the pressures of SiF4 generated showed an increasing positive deviation from the expression given for the equilibrium involving Be2SiO4 and BeO. This deviation might have been caused by the formation of an unidentified phase below 700°C which replaced the BeO; it more likely resulted from a metastable equilibrium involving BeO and SiO2.
Chromatin dynamics rule the genome

A report on the FASEB Summer Research Conference 'Chromatin and Transcription', Snowmass, USA, 9-14 July 2005.
Actin' Up with Rac1

The elegant architecture of photoreceptor cells in the retina is dependent on organization of the actin cytoskeleton during eye development. But what drives this organization? In an equally elegant Perspective, Colley explains new findings in fruit flies (Chang and Ready) that point to the photopigment rhodopsin and its signaling molecule the Rho GTPase Drac1 as the orchestrators of actin organization and the consequent assembly of the sensory membrane in the photoreceptor cell.
An FPGA Architecture for the Recovery of WPA/WPA2 Keys

Wi-Fi protected access (WPA) has provided serious improvements over the now deprecated wired equivalent privacy (WEP) protocol. WPA, however, still has some flaws that allow an attacker to obtain the passphrase. One of these flaws is exposed when the access point (AP) is operating in the WPA personal mode. This is the most common mode, as it is the quickest and easiest to configure. This vulnerability requires the attacker to capture the traffic from the four-way handshake between the AP and client, and then have enough compute time to reverse the passphrase. Increasing the rate at which passphrases can be reversed reduces the amount of time required to construct a repository of service set identifiers (SSIDs) and passphrases, which can increase the chances an attack is successful, or, alternatively, reduce the difficulty of auditing a wireless network for security purposes. This work focuses on creating an field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based architecture to accelerate the generation of a WPA/WPA2 pairwise master key (PMK) lookup table (LUT) for the recovery of the passphrase, with special emphasis on the secure hash algorithm-1 (SHA-1) implementation. PMK generation relies heavily on SHA-1 hashing and, as this work shows, an optimized SHA-1 implementation can achieve up to a 40 × speedup over an unoptimized implementation when generating PMKs.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci from the Dungeness crab Cancer magister

AbstractThe Dungeness crab, Cancer magister , is the focus of one of the most intensely harvestedfisheries in North America. Given its economic importance, there is considerable interestin assessing the degree and spatial pattern of genetic structure in C. magister . To that end,we developed a series of 17 hypervariable microsatellite loci. Six of these 17 loci could beamplified in a single multiplex PCR reaction. Using dye-labelled primers all six loci can becoamplified and scored simultaneously on an automated sequencer. The ability to multi-plex multiple loci greatly increases the ease and speed of genotyping for this species. Keywords : Brachyura, Cancer magister , Dungeness crab, microsatellite, multiplex PCR Received 30 August 2003; revision received 10 October 2003; accepted 10 October 2003 Dungeness crabs are one of the most intensely harvestedfisheries in North America, and harvest can vary dram-atically (Higgins et al . 1997). Given its economic importance,there is considerable interest in the genetic structure of
A Multivariate Extension of Friedman's χ r 2-Test with Random Covariates

Abstract This article investigates a nonparametric procedure for testing for no treatment differences in multivariate two-way layouts with random covariates. The method is an extension of the Friedman χ r 2-test. Permutation and asymptotic permutation distributions are given and various asymptotic relative efficiency results are presented. An example illustrates the method.
Optical microcavities clad by transparent conductive oxides

Transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films are proposed as electrode materials for direct current injection optical microcavity devices. Four types of planar indium-tin-oxide (ITO) clad optical microcavities -1-D photonic crystal nanobeam, 2-D photonic crystal slab, 3-D photonic crystal and microdisk are designed and analyzed both by perturbation theory and 3D finite difference time domain (FDTD) analysis. The quality (Q) factors of cavities obtained by perturbation theory in which imaginary part of the dielectric constant of ITO is introduced as a perturbation agree with those obtained from FDTD method. Microcavities analyzed in this work still preserve high Q-factor in the presence of metal clad and would provide an excellent heat sink and efficient carrier injection for electrically-driven continuous-wave, room-temperature microlasers.
Larval fish catches in the lower Milk River, Montana in relation to timing and magnitude of spring discharge

Larval fishes were sampled in the Milk River, Missouri River drainage, Montana from May to August 2002, 2003 and 2004 to describe temporal spawning distribution in relation to spring discharge. Total larval catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) in 2002 (28.9 fish/100 m3) was an estimated 29 times greater than in 2003 (0.99 fish/100 m3) and 16 times greater than in 2004 (1.78 fish/100 m3). In 2003 and 2004 more than one third of the total catch occurred before 12 June whereas in 2002, only 5% of the total catch occurred before 12 June. Marked differences in larval species composition were also observed between years, suggesting that a later peak in discharge may benefit some species and an earlier peak others. In 2002, when flows peaked later (at 77 m3 s−1), common carp Cyprinus carpio represented 37% of the total larval catch. Common carp were proportionally less abundant in 2003 (7.2%) and 2004 (1.4%) than in 2002. In 2004, when flows peaked (at 163 m3 s−1) 32 days earlier than in 2002 but only 15 days earlier than in 2003 (at 73 m3 s−1), shorthead redhorse Moxostoma macrolepidotum and suckers Catostomus sp. were the numerically dominant taxa. These results indicate that the timing, not necessarily the magnitude, of peak spring discharge may influence spawning success in the lower Milk River, as indicated by larval fish catches. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volatile defect formation and polysilicon residue elimination

In the manufacture of integrated circuit device, it is necessary to maintain an ultra clean wafer surface in order to obtain high quality device. NH4OH-H2O2(APM), HCL- H2O2(HPM), and H2SO4-H2O2(SPM) are efficient in removing organic or metallic impurities, but these cleaning processes will leave the surface of wafers in a hydrophilic state due to the oxidizing nature of peroxide (H2O2). There are at least two problems associated with this fact. If the surface of the wafer is an un-densified tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) film, this film will absorb moisture hydrogen from the ambient or the wet cleaning process. Also, the hydrophilic surface could retain some impurities from the cleaning chemicals. The moisture and impurities will be converted into volatile defect and act as a mask during the subsequent polysilicon etching process and the polysilicon residue is resulted.
Value analysis planning with goal programming

This paper presents a model to support planning decisions in the engineering methodology referred to as value analysis. A goal programming model incorporating elements of critical path method and concurrent engineering is proposed as a means to augment the planning of value analysis projects. The modeling approach builds and extends prior goal programming research by uniquely incorporating both timing and cost information to ease modeling complexity and reveal scheduling resource tradeoffs. An illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the modeling approach informational efficacy.
The Effects of Reciprocal Imitation on Teacher-Student Relationships and Student Learning Outcomes.

Neuroscientific and developmental psychological research in imitation has yielded important insights into building teacher–student relationships and enhancing students' learning. This study investigated the effects of reciprocal imitation on teacher–student relationships and students' learning outcomes in one-on-one teacher–student interactions. In a within-subjects design, participants learned eight English vocabulary words under two conditions: one condition paired with teacher's imitative behaviors and the other with teacher's random behaviors. Students' self-rating surveys and quiz scores on new words were assessed. When the teacher imitated the students' behaviors in interactions, the students reported significantly higher perceptions of rapport, more confidence in and satisfaction with learning outcomes, and had significantly higher quiz scores. Results had important implications for teachers in using imitation as an effective teaching tool to build teacher–student relationships and enhance students' learning.
The Accuracy of Principals' Judgments of Teacher Performance

AbstractThis is a study of the accuracy of principals’ judgments of teacher performance as predictors of teacher effectiveness. For each of 46 elementary school principals, correlations were obtained between judgments of effectiveness of teachers in three roles and gains of students in their classes in arithmetic and reading. The mean accuracy of judgments of teacher effectiveness in helping students acquire fundamental knowledge was .20, and there were no significant differences in the accuracy of judgments made by different principals. There was evidence the judgments of teachers of grades 3 and 5 were more accurate than judgments of teachers of grades 2, 4, and 6. Possible explanations of the low accuracy of the judgments are discussed.