cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sectional Connective Tissue Technique Combined with an Emergence Profile Provisional for Gingival Margin Stabilization During Immediate Implant Placement: A Case Report With a 2‐Year Follow‐up

Introduction Little is known regarding maintaining free gingival margin stability after immediate implant placement. Therefore, we present a sequential technique incorporating a sectional connective tissue graft with an emergence tissue provisional to stabilize the free gingival margin position during immediate implant placement in the esthetic zone. Case presentation A 57-year-old male was referred for assessment and treatment of a failing maxillary right central incisor. Clinical examination revealed poor retentive features, recurrent caries, and exposed endodontic material rendering a poor prognosis for the remaining tooth root system. After comprehensive evaluation, as well as understanding important patient case expectations, a decision was made to remove the existing tooth and place an immediate implant with a staged-provisional approach. To maintain the free gingival mid-facial height, a sectional-connective tissue graft technique was used concurrently with a custom emergence profile provisional to stabilize the gingiva immediately post-implant placement. Conclusion Patients undergoing implant replacement of failing anterior maxillary teeth are at risk of esthetic complications. Marginal stability of the facial gingival is an important component of establishing and maintaining the final esthetic outcome. In cases where the initial hard or soft tissue thickness may put the patient at risk, combining soft and hard tissue augmentation with attention to emergence profile provisionalization appears to aid in the initial stability of the buccal free gingival margin. This report details the steps associated with a sectional connective tissue technique combined with emergence profile provisonalization and characterizes the gingival stability up to 2.5 years obtained with this approach.
College Students' Perceptions of Concurrent/Successive Nonverbal Behaviors as Sexual Consent.

In previous studies, researchers had students rate single nonverbal behaviors as signals conveying and inferring sexual consent. In real-life interactions, young people use an array of behaviors oc...
Management of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer During The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Necessary Paradigm Change at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic will consume significant health care resources. Given the concerns for rapidly increasing infection rates in the United States, impending staffing shortages, and the potential for resource reallocation, we rapidly reevaluated our rectal cancer practice policies during this public health emergency. Before the pandemic, we commonly used total neoadjuvant therapy with a strong preference for long-course chemoradiation. In the setting of the ongoing pandemic, we now mandate short-course radiation therapy (SCRT). Despite multiple randomized trials demonstrating no difference in locoregional recurrence, distant recurrence, or overall survival between SCRT and long-course chemoradiation, the adaptation of SCRT in the United States has been low given concerns for less tumor downstaging and increased toxicity. In the setting of the ongoing and likely prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, we feel that these concerns must be reevaluated, because SCRT presents a well-validated alternative that will allow us to meet the needs of a greater number of potentially curable patients at a time when resources are severely and acutely constrained.
Motion analysis of event-based sensors

This work focuses on a methodology to improve spatio-temporal performance in optical imaging systems. We investigate the potential of the optical event-based sensor (EBS) technology to reach spatio-temporal performance limits beyond that of imaging systems employing conventional focal-plane arrays. Specifically, we investigate EBS performance under object/scene/platform motion, where its spatio-temporal performance degrades. We propose a hardware motion compensation sub-system and experimentally demonstrate that the performance of a moving EBS can be recovered through effective reduction of platform motion. This demonstration confirms that the EBS can deliver significantly improved spatio-temporal performance, while under motion.
Limb Undergrowth in Intraneural Perineuriomas: An Under-Recognized Association.

Background Intraneural (IN) perineuriomas are a rare benign hypertrophic nerve tumor, most frequently occurring in young patients. Patients with IN perineurioma have been anecdotally found to have limb undergrowth; however, this has not been systematically evaluated. Methods Archived electronic records from 1990 to 2018 from a single institution were reviewed for pathology or radiology reports documenting a diagnosis of IN perineurioma. This identified 111 patients; 3 patients with IN perineurioma of cranial nerves were excluded. We further reviewed the 108 patients and identified those with a documented limb length discrepancy (LLD) or hand/foot size discrepancy (HFD) and tried to correlate findings with nerve-territory distribution. Results Twenty-seven (25.0%) patients had either LLD or HFD. Nine patients had only an LLD, 6 patients had only an HFD, and 12 patients had both. Patients with undergrowth were significantly younger at diagnosis than patients without (6.14 vs. 22.9 years, respectively). Although there was a trend toward a greater incidence of LLD in lower extremity IN perineuriomas, this was not statistically significant. Patients with proximal IN perineuriomas had a higher incidence of LLD or HFD than patients with distal IN perineuriomas. The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P Conclusions Limb undergrowth occurs in the affected nerve territory and is likely under-reported in patients with IN perineuriomas. Within our series, patients with documented LLD and HFD were likely to be significantly younger at diagnosis than patients without undergrowth.
Investigation of reactivities of bimetallic Cu-Fe oxygen carriers with coal in high temperature in-situ gasification chemical-looping combustion (iG-CLC) and chemical-looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) using a fixed bed reactor

Abstract Bimetallic Fe-Cu oxygen carriers (OCs) with SiO2 as a support are attractive materials for coal chemical-looping combustion (CLC) based on their availability from naturally occurring, low cost materials. The objectives of this study are to investigate reduction reactivities and CO2 conversion efficiency of synthesized Fe-Cu-Si OCs for both in-situ gasification CLC (iG-CLC) and Chemical-Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling (CLOU) at high temperatures (950 to 1100 °C) with varying ratios of OC to coal char (ϕ) using a fixed bed reactor-quadrupole mass spectrometer system. Two Cu-Fe-Si OCs with high iron content (40% Fe2O3 + 20%CuO by wt.) (Fe40Cu20) and high copper content (Fe20Cu40) were prepared using a pressure pelletizing method. Oxygen uncoupling efficiency and rate for the Fe40Cu20 OC were lower than the Fe20Cu40 OC due to their CuFe2O4 and CuO composition difference from XRD analysis. For Fe40Cu20 OC with ϕ = 80 in iG-CLC, the carbon conversion rate increased 37% from 950 °C to 1000 °C but only increased 5.4% from 1000 °C to 1100 °C. As the ratios ϕ dropped (80, 40 and 24), the CO2 conversion efficiencies decreased and the content of metallic Cu in the reduced OC residues increased. So, the optimum ratio ϕ is important to avoid agglomeration caused by Cu at high temperature. The Fe20Cu40 OC with ϕ = 67 in CLOU had higher the carbon conversion rate (dXc/dt = 0.0083 s−1) and CO2 conversion efficiency (Sco2 = 0.96) compared to the Fe40Cu20 OC with ϕ = 80 in iG-CLC (dXc/dt = 0.0037 s−1 and Sco2 = 0.88).
Tackle Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition With Epigenetic Drugs in Cancer.

Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a de-differentiation process in which epithelial cells lose their epithelial properties to acquire mesenchymal features. EMT is essential for embryogenesis and wound healing but is aberrantly activated in pathological conditions like fibrosis and cancer. Tumor-associated EMT contributes to cancer cell initiation, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance and recurrence. This dynamic and reversible event is governed by EMT-transcription factors (EMT-TFs) with epigenetic complexes. In this review, we discuss recent advances regarding the mechanisms that modulate EMT in the context of epigenetic regulation, with emphasis on epigenetic drugs, such as DNA demethylating reagents, inhibitors of histone modifiers and non-coding RNA medication. Therapeutic contributions that improve epigenetic regulation of EMT will translate the clinical manifestation as treating cancer progression more efficiently.
Fatigue-induced stress-softening in cross-linked multi-network elastomers: Effect of damage accumulation

Abstract Cross-linked elastomers are reinforced elastomers with high stretchability and toughness. However, most elastomeric materials lose their toughness due to the accumulation of damage under cyclic loadings during their lifetime. While recent advances in the process and characterization of the multi-network elastomers have led to significant improvements in their properties, our understandings of the accumulated damage mechanisms within the material remain sparse and inconclusive. Here, a physically motivated constitutive model is presented for multi-network elastomers subjected to a high number of cyclic deformations. The model can be particularly used to elucidate the inelastic features, such as permanent damage during the deformation of each cycle. The observed damage may be induced from the chain scission, chain slippage, polymer relaxation, or fatigue detachment of polymer chains. Therefore, irreversible chain detachment and decomposition of the network due to its highly cross-linked structure are explored as the underlying reasons for the nonlinear progressive stress softening phenomenon. The model is validated against the uni-axial tension cyclic experimental tests. The results show that progressive breakage of the chains is responsible for damage accumulation in the material. The model with a few physically motivated material constants is expected to provide a tool to understand the complex nature of constitutive behavior in the multi-network elastomers.
Oral Factors That Impact the Oral Microbiota in Parkinson’s Disease

Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are at increased risk of aspiration pneumonia, their primary cause of death. Their oral microbiota differs from healthy controls, exacerbating this risk. Our goal was to explore if poor oral health, poor oral hygiene, and dysphagia status affect the oral microbiota composition of these patients. In this cross-sectional case-control study, the oral microbiota from hard and soft tissues of patients with PD (n = 30) and age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls (n = 30) was compared using 16S rRNA gene sequencing for bacterial identification. Study participants completed dietary, oral hygiene, drooling, and dysphagia questionnaires, and an oral health screening. Significant differences in soft tissue beta-diversity (p < 0.005) were found, and a higher abundance of opportunistic oral pathogens was detected in patients with PD. Factors that significantly influenced soft tissue beta-diversity and microbiota composition include dysphagia, drooling (both p < 0.05), and salivary pH (p < 0.005). Thus, patients with PD show significant differences in their oral microbiota compared to the controls, which may be due, in part, to dysphagia, drooling, and salivary pH. Understanding factors that alter their oral microbiota could lead to the development of diagnostic and treatment strategies that improve the quality of life and survivability of these patients.
Testimony before the Subcommittees on Higher Education and Workforce Investment (House Committee on Education and Labor) and Economic Opportunity (House Committee on Veterans Affairs) Joint Hearing Protecting Those Who Protect Us: Ensuring the Success of our Student Veterans

This Congressional testimony provides context for Congressional oversight of the Department of Veterans Affairs (“VA”) and Department of Education (“ED”) to ensure the success of student veterans using veterans education benefits. In the 75 years since the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944, now commonly referred to as the GI Bill, was signed into law, millions of veterans have used their veterans education benefits to pursue higher education. However, certain bad actors in the for-profit school sector have targeted student veterans with a variety of predatory behaviors. Frequent abrupt for-profit school closures have added to the challenges veterans encounter when utilizing education benefits at for-profit schools. Student veterans often have more limited options to recover wasted funds at for-profit schools than do their civilian peers. Consumer protection statutes often offer limited redress for veterans and, due to ED’s failure to process veterans’ Borrower Defense to Repayment applications, student veterans are often saddled with large debts on top of wasted benefits. While veterans have faced problems when utilizing GI Bill funds at for-profit schools since almost the inception of the original GI Bill in 1944, VA has failed to adequately monitor and regulate schools seeking to receive GI Bill funds. Through a convoluted oversight process, the VA attempts to outsource oversight to state approving agencies (“SAAs”) created in each state to administer GI Bill benefits. Statutory authority for the SAAs contemplates a cooperative working relationship between the VA and SAAs, but this is often lacking or actively undermined by the VA. The combination of predatory behavior by numerous for-profit schools combined with lax oversight by ED and VA all too often leads to bad educational outcomes for those who have set aside their personal affairs and answered the call of service.
A Review of the Relationship Between Mineral Nutrition and Reproduction in Cattle

This paper considers the effects of abnormal dietary concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, manganese, molybdenum, copper, cobalt, iodine, selenium and zinc on fertility and reproductive performance of cattle.
A Survey of Modeling and Reduction Techniques of Radiated EMI in Power Electronics

Radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) is an important and challenging topic in modern power electronics. To analyze radiated EMI, modeling research is the foundation. Modeling research can reveal fundamental mechanisms including switching noise generation, noise conversion into the radiation excitation, antenna characteristics, and near field couplings’ impact. Radiated EMI models are developed. Based on radiated EMI modeling research, noise reduction techniques are developed, including component improvement, printed circuit board (PCB) layout improvement, high-frequency EMI filters, and shielding. This paper summarizes recent research advances and discusses future radiated EMI challenges and research topics.
Relationships Between Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis

Over the last two decades, an increased recognition of gastrointestinal mucosal eosinophilia has heightened awareness and stimulated discussion regarding a number of often confusing but clinically relevant questions. What constitutes pathological mucosal eosinophilia? What are pathophysiological mechanisms leading to this response? What diseases are characterized by mucosal eosinophilia? What treatments resolve mucosal eosinophilia and its associated symptoms? This chapter will focus on describing the differences between and similarities shared by a narrow group of diseases referred to as eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases or EGIDs. EGIDs are a group of gastrointestinal diseases characterized by a wide range of abdominal symptoms that occur in association with intestinal eosinophilia, when other causes of eosinophilia have been ruled out. Traditional descriptions of these diseases categorized them by histological groupings (mucosal, muscular, serosal) whereas more recent classifications have subdivided EGIDs by the primary organ affected (eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic gastritis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis and eosinophilic colitis).
The LcrG tip chaperone protein of the Yersinia pestis type III secretion system is partially folded

The type III secretion system (T3SS) is essential in the pathogenesis of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague. A small protein, LcrG, functions as a chaperone to the tip protein LcrV, and the LcrG–LcrV interaction is important in regulating protein secretion through the T3SS. The atomic structure of the LcrG family is currently unknown. However, because of its predicted helical propensity, many have suggested that the LcrG family forms a coiled-coil structure. Here, we show by NMR and CD spectroscopy that LcrG lacks a tertiary structure and it consists of three partially folded α-helices spanning residues 7–38, 41–46, and 58–73. NMR titrations of LcrG with LcrV show that the entire length of a truncated LcrG (residues 7–73) is involved in binding to LcrV. However, there is regional variation in how LcrG binds to LcrV. The C-terminal region of a truncated LcrG (residues 52–73) shows tight binding interaction with LcrV while the N-terminal region (residues 7–51) shows weaker interaction with LcrV. This suggests that there are at least two binding events when LcrG binds to LcrV. Biological assays and mutagenesis indicate that the C-terminal region of LcrG (residues 52–73) is important in blocking protein secretion through the T3SS. Our results reveal structural and mechanistic insights into the atomic conformation of LcrG and how it binds to LcrV.
Modules, brains and schemas

A short personal note briefly traces the author's interactions with Hartmut Ehrig. Where Ehrig has devoted much work to an algebraic theory of modules, the author has developed schema theory primarily as a tool for brain theory, but the author's version of schema theory has also been associated with algebraic theory and robotics. Topics presented in the present informal overview of schema theory include the role of schemas in bridging from action-oriented perception to knowledge, the notion of schema instances and their role in cooperative computation, learning in schemas, and ways of linking schemas to the study of the brain.
Effect of natural dissolved organic carbon on phosphate removal by ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate treatment of wetland waters

[1] The use of wetlands for the removal of excess N and P has become widespread. Some sensitive P-limited ecosystems, however, may require additional reductions in the concentration of P entering the system. It has been proposed that the treatment of wetlands through addition of ferric chloride or aluminum sulfate can augment the natural P removal mechanisms. However, high concentrations of natural dissolved organic matter may interfere with the removal of P by metal addition. We evaluated the doses of ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate necessary to reduce total P concentrations below 0.32 μM (10 μg/L) in water from the Northern Everglades, and we determined the effect of various concentrations (21, 38, and 60 mg/L) of natural dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on the removal of PO4 and total P. High concentrations of natural DOC inhibited both the short-term removal of PO4 and the longer-term removal of total P from the water column. Similar results were observed using 15 μM citric acid in an experiment to determine whether citric acid could effectively mimic the inhibition of phosphorus removal associated with natural DOC. Stoichiometry of these experiments indicates that the mechanism of natural DOC interference was not complexation of the metal ions by the DOC; we hypothesize that it could be adsorption to the terminal hydroxyl groups on a polynuclear Fe or Al colloid, effectively blocking the adsorption sites from a phosphate molecule. Also, the ability of citric acid to mimic the inhibitory effects also suggests that the results of the study are broadly applicable to wetland and other waters with high natural organic acid concentrations.
From Self-Discovery to Learning Agility in Senior Executives

In the complex world of the senior executive, one of the single most important predictors of executive success is learning agility. This study explores non-traditional forms of executive leader development based on an integrated theoretical lens that includes learning, executive development and executive coaching theories as they relate to learning agility. In addition, we apply the Competing Values Framework for individual executive development constructs. Using action research, we focus on development options that go beyond traditional leadership training models. The findings confirm learning agility as a key predictor to executive success, and offer further insights that explain how self-discovery learning interventions (such as executive coaching) impact learning agility for senior executives. The work shows how a systemic framework with a defined process/structure and individual customization can develop learning agility in senior level executives.
Legends and Landscape

Reviewed Medium: book Year: 2008 Publisher: University of Iceland Press ISBN: 978-9979-54-806-5 (soft cover).
Non-standard tight closure for affine ℂ-algebras

In this paper, non-standard tight closure is proposed as an alternative for classical tight closure on finitely generated algebras over ℂ. It has the advantage that it admits a functional definition, similar to the characteristic p definition of tight closure, where instead of the characteristic p Frobenius, its ultraproduct, the non-standard Frobenius, is used. This new closure operation cl(⋅) has the same properties as classical tight closure, to wit, (1) if A is regular, then 𝔞=cl(𝔞); (2) if A⊂B is an integral extension of domains, then cl(𝔞 B)∩A⊂cl(𝔞); (3) if A is local and is a system of parameters, then (Colon-Capturing); (4) if 𝔞 is generated by m elements, then cl𝔞 contains the integral closure of 𝔞 m and is contained in the integral closure of 𝔞 (Briancon-Skoda).
The genetic epidemiology of second primary breast cancer

It is well established that women with a family history of breast cancer run a higher risk of breast cancer than do women without a family history. The evidence, however, is less clear regarding a possible association between a family history of breast cancer and risk of second primaries. The purpose of this prospective study was to estimate the risk for second primary breast cancer associated with having a family history of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. A cohort of 4,660 women with a first primary breast cancer diagnosed between 1980 and 1982 were interviewed as part of the Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study, a multi-center population-based case-control study, and followed through eight Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program registries for 4 to 6 years. Of these women, 136 developed a second primary breast cancer in the contralateral breast at least 6 months after diagnosis of the first primary. Cox proportional hazards modeling techniques were used to model the time to onset of second primary breast cancer while adjusting for multiple predictors. The risk of contralateral breast cancer was elevated among cohort members who reported a history of breast cancer in a first-degree relative (multivariable-adjusted rate ratio (RR) = 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22-2.99). Early age at onset (< 46 years) in the relative further increased the risk of developing contralateral breast cancer (sister: multivariable-adjusted RR = 3.36, 95% CI 1.62-6.98; mother: multivariable-adjusted RR = 2.35, 95% CI 1.02-5.43). Bilateral breast cancer in mothers was also associated with more than a two and a half-fold increase in risk (multivariable-adjusted RR = 2.55, 95% CI 1.02-6.35). The association between family history of breast cancer and risk of contralateral breast cancer did not vary substantially according to age at onset of the first primary breast cancer. The age-adjusted rate ratio for development of a second primary breast cancer among women with a first-degree relative with endometrial cancer was 2.13 (95% CI 1.04-4.35), while the corresponding rate ratio among women with a family history of ovarian cancer was 1.69 (95% CI 0.42-6.83). There was little evidence that age at onset among the relatives with endometrial or ovarian cancer affected the risk. Some of these findings have not been previously reported and need replication in future studies.
Guidelines for older-adult-friendly online tutorial for Facebook: content, design, and training principles

This poster reports preliminary findings from a research project, which attempts to suggest guidelines for developing an older-adult-friendly online tutorial for Facebook. An existing online tutorial for Facebook, Facebook 101, was analyzed to provide a more practical discussion. Weaknesses and improvement points of the tutorial were identified based on the literature regarding principles of design and training for older adults (OAs). Moreover, hierarchical task analyses (HTAs) were conducted to re-design lessons (i.e., content of the tutorial) for popular Facebook activities by OAs. This poster includes a demo version of the OA-friendly online tutorial for Facebook by reflecting the findings and experiences from the study. This paper also outlines future research directions.
Understanding health care communication preferences of veteran primary care users.

Abstract Objective To assess veterans’ health communication preferences (in-person, telephone, or electronic) for primary care needs and the impact of computer use on preferences. Methods Structured patient interviews (n = 448). Bivariate analyses examined preferences for primary care by ‘infrequent’ vs. ‘regular’ computer users. Results Only 54% were regular computer users, nearly all of whom had ever used the internet. ‘Telephone’ was preferred for 6 of 10 reasons (general medical questions, medication questions and refills, preventive care reminders, scheduling, and test results); although telephone was preferred by markedly fewer regular computer users. ‘In-person’ was preferred for new/ongoing conditions/symptoms, treatment instructions, and next care steps; these preferences were unaffected by computer use frequency. Among regular computer users, 1/3 preferred ‘electronic’ for preventive reminders (37%), test results (34%), and refills (32%). Conclusion For most primary care needs, telephone communication was preferred, although by a greater proportion of infrequent vs. regular computer users. In-person communication was preferred for reasons that may require an exam or visual instructions. About 1/3 of regular computer users prefer electronic communication for routine needs, e.g., preventive reminders, test results, and refills. Practice implications These findings can be used to plan patient-centered care that is aligned with veterans’ preferred health communication methods.
Bibliometrics of a controversial scientific literature: Polywater research, 1962-1974

This study examines the bibliometrics of the controversial scientific literature of Polywater research, focusing on publication types (books, journal publications, conference proceedings, and technical reports). Publication (P) frequency is used to measure publication “shape' or pattern and output, citations per publication (CPP) for impact, author self-citations (SC) and uncited publications (UP) for their effect on P and CPP. Findings show an epidemic publication pattern, journal publications with the highest P, books with the highest CPP, and insignificant SC and UP. Comparisons to several non-controversial scientific literatures suggest that these findings may be common to other controversial scientific literatures.
Comparative physical-chemical studies of mammalian arginases.

1. 1. Liver arginase (E.C. 3.5.3.1) of various mammalian species (rat, mouse, dog, rabbit, pork, monkey) were partly purified and their isoelectric properties determined by carboxymethyl cellulose column chromatorgraphy and isoelectric focusing. 2. 2. The ureotelic arginase can be divided into mainly two groups; (i) basic and (ii) slightly acidic or neutral proteins. 3. 3. The two groups of arginases showed marked differences in the binding of Mn2+. 4. 4. Only beef liver arginase could be activated by Co2+ and Ni2+, all other mammalian arginases were inhibited by these metal ions. 5. 5. The molecular weights were found to range from 120,000–160,000 daltons. 6. 6. High Michaelis constanta (6–20 mM) were obtained for all arginases studied. 7. 7. Similarities were also found in the pH optima (pH 9·3–10·5) as well as the optimal Mn2+ concentration (40 mM) required to obtain maximal catalytic activity.
“You're a Tough Guy, Mary-and a First-Rate Newspaperman”: Gender and Women Journalists in the 1920S and 1930s

Relying on autobiographies, articles written by the subjects, and oral history, this article analyzes how gender-based polarities affected ten “front-page gals” between 1920 and 1940. It demonstrates how women journalists had to lose their feminine selves to succeed in the male-dominated city room. The women's emphasis on succeeding on individual merit left: them unable to recognize structural discrimination in pay, assignments, and benefits. Nonetheless, their adventurous spirit blazed a trail for future women journalists.
5-Hydroxytryptophan formation and tryptophan metabolism in Chromobacterium violaceum.

Abstract Hydroxylation at the 5-position has been found to be one of the major steps in the metabolism of tryptophan by Chromobacterium violaceum . Evidence has been presented to establish the identity of the isolated 5-hydroxytryptophan. The hydroxylation reaction has been found to be specific with tryptophan. No evidence for the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism could be detected with this organism.
Defining Judaism: Accounting for "Religions" in the Study of Religion

Despite the wide scholarly recognition of and dissatisfaction with the first-order essentialism inherent in the academic study of individual "religions" or "traditions," scholars have been far slower to develop nonessentialist models that take seriously both the plurality of religious communities that all identify as part of the same religion and the characteristics that allow these communities to see themselves as members of a single "religion." This article, building on earlier work by Jacob Neusner and Jonathan Z. Smith, attempts to develop a polythetic model for Judaism that has implications not only for the study and teaching of "Judaism" but more broadly also for how scholars might develop individual "traditions" as useful second-order categories of analysis.
AN INTEGRATED METHODOLOGY FOR CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT: AN APPROACH FOR CULTURAL CHANGE AT BOEING

Faced with the challenge of maintaining technical superiority without losing ground in their cost reduction efforts, American manufacturers realize that competitively priced and top quality products are the only way to maintain leadership in the interna..
Voluntary Consent: Why a Value-Neutral Concept Won’t Work

Some maintain that voluntariness is a value-neutral concept. On that view, someone acts involuntarily if subject to a controlling influence or has no acceptable alternatives. I argue that a value-neutral conception of voluntariness cannot explain when and why consent is invalid and that we need a moralized account of voluntariness. On that view, most concerns about the voluntariness of consent to participate in research are not well founded.
Physician productivity and medical care

Summary Both the shortage of health services and the rapidly escalating costs of medical care are likely to be improved by increases in physician productivity. The most promising efforts to improve productivity appear to be in the use of various types of assistants at all levels in the health care system. Some progress has been made in defining tasks and training. It is unclear how best to structure the administrative setting in which these personnel would function. However, current expectations about health care, particularly among the urban poor, are unlikely to be met unless new organizations for ambulatory care are developed and implemented. Physicians will need training in how best to use assistants and also in ways of improving productivity in general. Making house staff familiar with, or perhaps even dependent upon, assistants in ambulatory care would seem to be an important addition to training programs. For planning and evaluation in the area of productivity and costs, considerable expertise is required in several disciplines. It seems very clear that training for health services research must be stimulated and sufficient funds made available to train adequate numbers of investigators. There is no reason to accept less well-prepared professionals here than for biologic research. Good principles of financial management require that some small percentage of the vast federal expenditures for health care be devoted to expanded support for both research and training of investigators to maintain adequate study programs of health services effectiveness, quality, and acceptability, as well as productivity.
Investigation of the temporal evolution of translational dynamics of water molecules in hydrated calcium aluminate pastes

We investigated the translational dynamics of water molecules in the hydrated aluminate and aluminum-ferrite pastes (C 3 A and C 4 AF), two main components of the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), using the incoherent quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) technique. We used a high-resolution disk chopper spectrometer (DCS) at the Center For Neutron Research (NCNR) in NIST, with incident monochromatic neutrons of wavelength, λ = 9 A, resulting in an energy resolution of 20 μeV, covering a Q-range from 0.31 to 1.22 A - 1 . QENS spectra have been analyzed with a translational "relaxing cage model" previously developed by us. 1 We were able to extract time evolution of three characteristic parameters of the setting pastes: p, β, and τ, describing the fraction of the bound water (p) and relaxation behavior of the glassy water (β and τ) present in the aluminate pastes during the last stage of the reaction kinetics. These parameters, obtained for the first time for C 3 A and C 4 AF, show striking difference from that obtained in previous experiments for calcium silicate pastes (C 2 S and C 3 S).
Jacob: The Other Flexner

Moritz (Morris) Flexner immigrated to the United States from Europe in the middle of the 19th century. Although born in Neumark, Bohemia, Moritz lived in Strasbourg, France, for several years before coming to the United States. Therefore, after landing in New York in 1851, he headed for New Orleans to make his way among the French population there. He contracted yellow fever, was nursed to health in Charity Hospital, and eventually came by river to Louisville because of a family he had known in Europe. When Moritz came to Louisville, he was a peddler in the finest sense of the word. He wore a pack on his back as he went from house to house selling wares probably mostly dry goods. He eventually purchased a cart and a horse with a stiff leg for 4 dollars. This increased the amount of merchandise he could sell on his journeys around the Commonwealth of Kentucky. He eventually had a small “rural shop” to store his goods.
Structural asymmetry of the TAG Rift Valley: Evidence from a near‐bottom survey for episodic spreading

Comprehensive high-resolution sidescan sonar imagery, swath bathymetry, and photographic data from the TAG rift valley (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 26°N) suggest significant asymmetry in crustal accretion. Discontinuities and asymmetry in structural and volcanic morphology and age distribution about the spreading axis suggest a recent episode of preferential accretion of crust to the east throughout the central 10 km of this spreading segment. Such episodes may contribute to the long-term spreading asymmetry in the area.
Investigation of variation in SNAP-25 and ADHD and relationship to co-morbid major depressive disorder.

Synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25), a protein involved in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, is a candidate gene for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous investigators have reported association initially with two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs3746544, rs1051312) and their associated haplotypes. Subsequently, additional SNPs across the region were also reported to be associated with ADHD. We attempted to replicate these observations in a sample of 229 families with ADHD offspring by genotyping 61 SNPs spanning the region containing SNAP-25. A single SNP (rs3787283) which is in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs3746544 and rs1051312 (D′ = 0.89–0.94) resulted in a nominally significant association (P = 0.002). When we pooled our data with those from prior studies, results were modestly significant for rs3746544 (P = 0.048) and rs6077690 (P = 0.031). As an attempt to determine if specific ADHD-related phenotypes may be more relevant to SNAP-25 than the categorical diagnosis, we carried out exploratory subgroup analysis in our ADHD sample according to co-morbid status. We found the strongest association result in the ADHD patients with co-morbid major depressive disorder (MDD). Six SNPs were nominally associated with the ADHD and co-morbid MDD cases (P = 0.012–0.045). Furthermore, a haplotype block located 11 kb 3′ of the gene showed positive evidence for association with this phenotype (global P = 0.013). In conclusion, we report some evidence supporting the association of previously implicated SNPs (rs3746544, rs1051312) of SNAP-25 to ADHD. We further suggest that co-morbidity with MDD may enhance detection of the association between SNAP-25 and ADHD. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Reconstitution of yeast RNA polymerase I transcription in vitro from purified components. TATA-binding protein is not required for basal transcription.

Five purified protein components, RNA polymerase I, Rrn3p, core factor, TBP (TATA-binding protein), and upstream activation factor, are sufficient for high level transcription in vitro from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae rDNA promoter. Rrn3p and pol I form a complex in solution that is active in specific initiation. Three protein components, pol I, Rrn3p, and core factor, and promoter sequence to −38, suffice for basal transcription. Unlike pol II and pol III, yeast pol I basal transcription does not require TBP. Instead, TBP, upstream activation factor, and the upstream element of the promoter together stimulate pol I basal transcription to a fully activated level. The role of TBP in pol I transcription is fundamentally different from its role in pol II or pol III transcription.
FROM N-GRAMS TO COLLOCATIONS AN EVALUATION OF XTRACT

In previous papers we presented methods for retrieving collocations from large samples of texts. We described a tool, Xtract, that implements these methods and able to retrieve a wide range of collocations in a two stage process. These methods as well as other related methods however have some limitations. Mainly, the produced collocations do not include any kind of functional information and many of them are invalid. In this paper we introduce methods that address these issues. These methods are implemented in an added third stage to Xtract that examines the set of collocations retrieved during the previous two stages to both filter out a number of invalid collocations and add useful syntactic information to the retained ones. By combining parsing and statistical techniques the addition of this third stage has raised the overall precision level of Xtract from 40% to 80% with a precision of 94%. In the paper we describe the methods and the evaluation experiments.
Thrombospondin promotes process outgrowth in neurons from the peripheral and central nervous systems.

Abstract Thrombospondin (TSP) is a prominent constituent of the extracellular matrix of the developing nervous system. We have examined the effects of TSP on the morphological differentiation of neurons. In short-term cultures (⩽24 hr) of embryonic rat sympathetic neurons, TSP stimulated neurite outgrowth, causing significant increases in the number of processes and their length. Similar effects were observed in cultures of rat dorsal root ganglion, hippocampal, and cerebral cortical neurons. Moreover, in cultures of central neurons, TSP was more effective than laminin in enhancing process extension. Analysis of long-term (5–7 days) cultures of sympathetic neurons indicated that processes formed in the presence of TSP had the cytochemical characteristics of axons. Thus, TSP can influence neuronal development by selectively enhancing axonal growth. The neurite-promoting region of the molecule was identified using a panel of monoclonal antibodies targeted to different regions of the protein. Process outgrowth could be totally inhibited with antibody A4.1, which recognizes the stalk region of TSP. These data suggest that the neurite-promoting activity is localized to a single region of the TSP molecule.
Analytical solution for transient, diffusing fields inside a ring conductor with rectangular cross section

Electromagnetic launch involves diffusing fields and currents and finite-element analyses are usually employed to compute the transients in launch systems. The simulation times of interest in launch components such as sliding electrical contact systems and pulsed power systems vary from a few microseconds to a few milliseconds. Numerical solutions in such short time scales require very fine meshes to avoid instabilities. Benchmarking and validation of codes with finite-element analyses of coupled electromagnetic equations require checks on errors and instabilities. For this purpose, analytical series solutions have been derived here to describe the diffusing field transients in a few milliseconds in a ring conductor with rectangular cross section. A linearly ramped or step voltage is imposed on one axial end of the ring conductor, whereas the other axial end is grounded and maintained at zero potential. The coupled transient, one-dimensional diffusion equations have been solved using classical methods in applied mathematics. The distributions of currents and fields inside the conductor and the stored magnetic energy with time have been computed. The method presented here can be applied to any general excitation encountered in electromagnetic launch.
Comparative study of temperature measurement with folded BOXCARS and collinear CARS

Abstract A theoretical model has been developed to simulate temperature profile measurements performed with Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS) using collinear and BOXCARS phase matching geometries. Spatial averaging is a more serious problem for collinear geometry in which the observed spectra have CARS signal contributions generated outside the focal volume. The shape of the extracted temperature profile close to the boundary of a gas stream is quite sensitive to the temperature gradient at the boundary for both collinear and BOXCARS measurements. Based on the modeling results, collinear CARS phase-matching optics have been modified to reduce the contribution of the CARS signal from the cold region. The error in the temperature extracted from a spectrum generated in a bimodal temperature distribution medium has been studied. Temperature and temperature profile measurements have been performed with both collinear and folded BOXCARS geometries in a CH 4 /air, flat flame burner and the Diagnostic Instrumentation and Analysis Laboratory (DIAL)/MSU test stand to compare the results of these two phasematch geometries. Collinear CARS data taken with the usual and modified collinear CARS in the DIAL test stand have been compared to study the application of collinear CARS in practical combustion. A temperature profile obtained from the measurements with modified collinear CARS and folded BOXCARS phase matching technique is in agreement with the theoretically predicted results. The studies also show that BOXCARS is the best choice for the temperature profile measurement. However, collinear CARS can be used with a modified optics arrangement and an expanded laser beam to improve the spatial resolution whenever folded BOXCARS is not able to provide a sufficient signal.
Loss of heterozygosity from the short arm of chromosome 8 is an early event in breast cancers

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) from the short arm of chromosome 8 (8p) is common to many human carcinomas, including those of the colon and prostate. It localizes to two discrete regions, 8p21 and 8p22. This suggests the presence of at least two tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) on this chromosome arm. Human breast cancers show consistent 8p deletions in cytogenetic studies, chromosome 8 aneusomy and isochromosome 8q, indicating that the relevant gene(s) may play a role, but the results of molecular analyses of chromosome 8 in breast cancer have been variable. We present here data for 8p LOH in an unselected series of human breast cancers with the use of three CA-repeat markers that showed high rates of LOH in other tumors. All cases were informative for at least one marker, and LOH was seen in 11 of 20 cases (55%). LOH was more frequent for the 8p22 markers D8S254 and D8S 133 than for NEFL in 8p21. Regional metastases of the tumors showed allele profiles identical to those of their primaries regardless of whether there was LOH or retention of alleles. One case of microsatellite instability (RER+) was seen. LOH did not correlate with receptor status, ploidy, percentage of cells in S phase, or tumor size: We observed LOH at equal rates in small ( 2 cm) tumors. The data suggest that LOH from 8p is frequent in human breast cancers and that loss of the putative 8p TSG may be an important event in early stage breast cancer. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Void nucleation and growth for a class of incompressible nonlinearly elastic materials

Abstract In this paper, a bifurcation problem for a solid sphere subjected to uniform tensile dead-loading p 0 at its boundary is examined within the framework of finite elastostatics. The sphere is composed of a particular class of homogeneous isotropic incompressible nonlinearly elastic materials, namely those of power-law type. One solution to the problem, for all values of p 0 , corresponds to a homogeneous state in which the sphere remains undeformed while stressed. However, for sufficiently large values of p 0 , there is in addition a second possible configuration involving an internal traction-free spherical cavity. The dependence on constitutive parameters of the critical load at which bifurcation occurs is examined as well as the subsequent void growth. The stress distribution after cavitation occurs is also described. The results are obtained in closed analytic form.
Memory enhancement in aged rats: the differential outcomes effect.

Aged (23 months) and young (3 months) rats were trained on an operant Matching-To-Position (MTP) task that had either (a) specific outcomes (reinforcers) correlated (differential groups), or (b) outcomes uncorrelated (nondifferential groups) for each correct sample-choice sequence. The traditional version of MTP uses a common outcome and is thought to assess spatial working memory. Aged rats are impaired on the traditional version of MTP. However, aged animals trained with the Differential Outcomes Procedure (DOP) did not display the typical age-related decline in spatial working memory. Differences in choice accuracy between old and young rats reached significance only if the subjects were trained with a nondifferential outcomes procedure (NOP)—similar to when a common outcome is used. These data demonstrate that employing behavioral procedures to tap intact cognitive functions is an effective means of enhancing spatial working memory in normal as well as aged subjects. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 35: 318–327, 1999
Insensitive unification of gauge couplings

Abstract The standard model extended by three vector-like families with masses of order 1 TeV–100 TeV allows for unification of gauge couplings. The values of gauge couplings at the electroweak scale are highly insensitive to fundamental parameters. The grand unification scale is large enough to avoid the problem with fast proton decay. The electroweak minimum of the Higgs potential is stable.