cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Blood Transfusion and 30-Day Mortality in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Anemia Following Noncardiac Surgery

Importance Although liberal blood transfusion thresholds have not been beneficial following noncardiac surgery, it is unclear whether higher thresholds are appropriate for patients who develop postoperative myocardial infarction (MI). Objective To evaluate the association between postoperative blood transfusion and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease and postoperative MI following noncardiac surgery. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective cohort study involving Veterans Affairs facilities from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2012. A total of 7361 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent inpatient noncardiac surgery and had a nadir postoperative hematocrit between 20% and 30%. Patients with significant bleeding, including any preoperative blood transfusion or transfusion of greater than 4 units during the intraoperative or postoperative setting, were excluded. Mortality rates were compared using both logistic regression and propensity score matching. Patients were stratified by postoperative nadir hematocrit and the presence of postoperative MI. Exposure Initial postoperative blood transfusion. Main Outcomes and Measures The 30-day postoperative mortality rate. Results Of the 7361 patients, 2027 patients (27.5%) received at least 1 postoperative blood transfusion. Postoperative mortality occurred in 267 (3.6%), and MI occurred in 271 (3.7%). Among the 5334 patients without postoperative blood transfusion, lower nadir hematocrit was associated with an increased risk for mortality (hematocrit of 20% to P Conclusions and Relevance These findings support a restrictive postoperative transfusion strategy in patients with stable coronary artery disease following noncardiac surgery. However, interventional studies are needed to evaluate the use of a more liberal transfusion strategy in patients who develop postoperative MI.
Multiresolution video indexing for subband coded video databases

In this paper we present a multiresolution approach for video indexing and feature matching of subband coded video databases. Subband coding refers to a coding technique where the input images are quantized after being decomposed into several narrow spatial frequency bands by filtering and decimation. Five different approaches were tested for scene change detection which is applied only on the lowest subband for computational efficiency. Two kinds of scene changes, abrupt and smoothly accumulated scene changes, mark the beginning of new scene segments. An index for each scene segment is the histogram of two representative frames, which we take to be the first and the last frame of the scene for simplicity. Using the approach of query by example, the index matching algorithm takes a multi-resolution approach by hierarchically comparing histograms at different resolutions. The search algorithm for the match between example query and its target scene segment starts from the coarsest resolution, and moves to the next finer resolution until a single match is obtained or the finest resolution is reached. Experimental results are presented, and the proposed indexing technique appears to be promising for its computational efficiency and its inherent hierarchical search procedure.
Transient molecular absorptions induced by the absorption of CO2 laser radiation

Abstract Laser-induced molecular absorptions are reported for the species SF 6 , CF 3 I, and CF 3 Br. Induced absorptions are observed at frequencies ∼ 40 cm -1 lower than that of a CO 2 TEA laser which is used to vibrationally excite the molecules in a low pressure cell. The dependence of the effect on pump laser intensity indicates that the species that exhibit the induced absorption have absorbed more than one laser photon. Applications of this phenomenon with respect to laser induced isotope separation are discussed.
The Evaluation and Treatment of Endocrine Forms of Hypertension

Endocrine hypertension is an important secondary form of hypertension, identified in between 5% and 10% of general hypertensive population. Primary aldosteronism is the most common cause of endocrine hypertension, accounting for 1%–10% in uncomplicated hypertension and 7%–20% in resistant hypertension. Other less common causes of endocrine hypertension include Cushing syndrome, pheochromocytoma, thyroid disorders, and hyperparathyroidism. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and the use of appropriate screening tests based on clinical presentation. Failure to make proper diagnosis may lead to catastrophic complications or irreversible hypertensive target organ damage. Accordingly, patients who are suspected to have endocrine hypertension should be referred to endocrinologists or hypertension specialists who are familiar with management of the specific endocrine disorders.
Changes in brainstem calcitonin gene-related peptide after VIIth and VIIIth cranial nerve lesions in guinea pig

The present study investigated the effect of seventh and eight cranial nerve lesions on the prominence of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the hypoglossal (XII), facial (VII), abducens (VI), and oculomotor (III) cranial nerve nuclei. Guinea pigs were anesthetized and subjected to unilateral cochlear removal, vestibular end organ ablation, and seventh nerve transection. After a survival period ranging from 4 h to 5 days, each animal was anesthetized and perfused intracardially. Frozen sections were collected through the brainstem and stained immunohistochemically for calcitonin gene-related peptide using a polyclonal antibody with the Vectastain ABC kit and protocol. Positive cells were counted in each nucleus bilaterally and analyzed for side to side differences. Nuclei XII and III showed no significant difference in the numbers of cells staining positively for calcitonin gene-related peptide between the ipsilateral and the contralateral sides to the lesion. However, nuclei VII and VI showed elevated numbers ipsilateral to the lesion on some days, but not all. For VII, there was no significant difference before 24 h, but there were significant differences 1-5 days after the lesion. Similarly, in VI, there was no difference before 24 h, but differences were significant beginning with day 1 and continuing through day 3, and finally disappearing by day 4. Changes in the numbers of CGRP positive cells in VII measurable 24 h after the lesion and continuing for at least 5 days afterward indicate a central nervous system retrograde response to peripheral motor nerve injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Notes From the Dead House: An Exercise in Spatial Reading, or Three Crowd Scenes

The article offers an analysis of the workings of Dostoevsky’s paradoxical poetics of space in three scenes of Notes from the Dead House. In spite of the fact that freedom in its direct meaning is accessible only outside the walls of the prison, and that in our social world it is accessible only to a few, inside the prison freedom can be acquired by everyone, and can be found within every individual. The bathhouse scene, as is often noted by critics, offers a picture of hell. However, the bathhouse, like the church where the prisoners celebrate Easter, is located in the town, not inside the prison. Parallels are analyzed between these two scenes and the theater scene, which serves as the culmination of Part I. The theatrical performance takes place in the barracks where the prisoners live. The curtain is described in terms that suggest an iconostasis; details of the performance suggest a church service. After the theater, the inhabitants of the fortress experience a deep feeling of calm and blessedness, which they do not experience in any other space: “Everyone was somehow unusually satisfied, even as though happy, and they fell asleep not as at all other times, but almost with a calm spirit”. In this way, Notes from the Dead House gives a new vision of freedom at the very center of the prison. The article cites work by Bakhtin, Emerson, Jackson and others.
Sociosexual Identity Development and Sexual Risk Taking of Acculturating Collegiate Gay and Bisexual Men

How collegiate gay and bisexual men acquire a sociosexual identity appears to affect their sexual health. Analysis of interview data from 25 self-identified collegiate gay or bisexual men resulted in the development of a collective sexual script for men acquiring a sociosexual identity. Changes in an individual’s acting out of a cultural scenario seemed to occur when resolving intrapsychic conflict arising from new sexual experiences. Persons working with young collegiate gay and bisexual men may find this sexual script helpful when developing sex education programs.
Effect of polarization voltage on the measured quality factor of a multiple-beam tuning-fork gyroscope

Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive study of the effect of polarization voltage on the measured mechanical Quality ( Q ) factor of a multiple-beam tuning-fork gyroscope. An experimental study is conducted to examine the effect of different variables in the experiment on the measured Q of the gyroscope. The experimental data show that the Q drops significantly with polarization voltage, while independent of ac drive voltage and feedback resistance. To identify the reason behind the Q drop with polarization voltage, the two loss mechanisms, thermoelastic damping and anchor loss, in the device are analyzed. Using a numerical model of thermoelastic damping capable of taking prestress into account, polarization voltage is found to have a negligible effect on the Q of the gyroscope. Due to the asymmetry of the fabricated devices resulting from fabrication variations, anchor loss is identified as the cause of the Q drop with polarization voltage. Based on the experimental data and related elastic wave theories, an analytical model of anchor loss is proposed to take polarization voltage into account.
Combined use of body weight support, functional electric stimulation, and treadmill training to improve walking ability in individuals with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury.

Field-Fote EC. Combined use of body weight support, functional electric stimulation, and treadmill training to improve walking ability in individuals with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82:818-24. Objective: To assess the effect of an intervention combining body weight support (BWS), functional electric stimulation (FES), and treadmill training on overground walking speed (OGWS), treadmill walking speed, speed and distance, and lower extremity motor scores (LEMS). Design: Before and after comparison. Setting: Miami Project to Cure Paralysis. Participants: Nineteen subjects with American Spinal In- jury Association class C injury who were at least 1 year postinjury and had asymmetrical lower extremity function. Intervention: Subjects trained 1.5 hours per day, 3 days per week, for 3 months. The training consisted of body weight- supported treadmill walking assisted by electric stimulation. Stimulation was applied to common peroneal nerve of the weaker lower extremity (LE) and timed to assist with the swing phase of the step cycle. Main Outcome Measures: OGWS in the absence of both BWS and FES; LEMS, and treadmill training parameters of speed and distance. Results: Over the course of training, there was a significant increase in OGWS (from .12 0.8m/s to .21 .15m/s, p .0008), treadmill walking speed (from .23 .12m/s to .49 .20m/s, p .00003), and treadmill walking distance (from 93 84m to 243 139m, p .000001). The median LEMS increased significantly for both the stimulated and nonstimu- lated leg (from 8 to 11 in the FES-assisted leg, from 15 to 18 in the nonassisted leg, p .005 for each). Conclusions: All subjects showed improvement in OGWS and overall LE strength. Further research is required to delineate the essential elements of these particular training strategies.
Service-level agreements and commercial grids

Service-level agreements impose unique requirements on commercial grid infrastructures - specifically, they emphasize the need for a dynamic offload infrastructure.
A Technique For Measuring The Mass Concentration Of Falling Snow

A system has been developed by the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory to measure the mass concentration of falling snow crystals. It is known as ASCME (Airborne Snow Concentration Measuring Equipment) and is described in this paper. ASCME's general performance has been evaluated based on concurrent measurements of precipitation rate. A strong correlation between airborne-snow mass concentration and precipitation rate yields an estimate of particle fall velocity (= 0.92 m/s) close to that observed by other researchers. Factors affecting system accuracy have been investigated and are discussed. Examples are given of the utilization of ASCME data in analyses of electromagnetic energy propagation in falling snow.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Maturity of judgment in adolescence: Psychosocial factors in adolescent decision making.

To date, analyses of differences between adolescents' and adults' judgment have emphasized age differences in cognitive factors presumed to affect decision making. In contrast, this article examines research and theory on threepsychosocial aspects of maturity of judgment: responsibility, temperance, and perspective. For several psychosocial dimensions of maturity that are likely to affect judgment, the existing pvidence, while indirect and imperfect, indicates that the greatest differences are found in comparisons between early adolescents versus middle and late adolescents. Developmental research on maturity that focuses specifically on mid-and late adolescence, that simultaneously examines both cognitive and noncognitive factors, and that investigates the relation between these factors and the ability to make good decisions is greatly needed.
On the information content of scattered waves

A basic trade-off between spatial and frequency diversities available for communication with multiple scattered waves is presented. A rigorous notion of the total number of space-frequency degrees of freedom of the field is introduced based on Slepian's theory of spectral concentration of L2 functions. This definition agrees with the “rule of thumb” of multiplying the degrees of freedom available in space and frequency. However, while the mathematical definition requires both frequency and spatial bandwidths to scale simultaneously, a physical argument precludes such a scaling to occur in practice. Hence, since the nature of wireless communication prevents unbounded and simultaneous spatial and frequency diversity gains, rule of thumb definitions of degrees of freedom should be taken with care as they are inherently imprecise.
Detection of low observable targets within sea clutter by structure function based multifractal analysis

Sea clutter is the backscattered returns from a patch of the sea surface illuminated by a radar pulse. Robust detection of targets within sea clutter may strengthen coastal security, improve navigation safety, and help environmental monitoring. However, no simple and reliable methods for detecting targets within sea clutter have been proposed. We introduce the structure function based multifractal theory to analyze 392 sea clutter datasets measured under various sea and weather conditions. It is found that sea clutter data exhibit multifractal behaviors in the time scale range of about 0.01 s to a few seconds, especially for data with targets. The fractal and multifractal features of sea clutter enable us to develop a simple and effective method to detect targets within sea clutter. It is shown that the method achieves very high detection accuracy. It is further shown that in the time scale range of 0.01 s to a few seconds, sea clutter data is weakly nonstationary. The nonstationarity may explain why modeling using distributions such as Weibull, log-normal, K, and compound-Gaussian only offers limited understanding of the physics of sea clutter and is not very effective in detecting targets within sea clutter.
Physicians' and families' perspectives on the medical management of dementia.

The role of physicians in the long-term management of patients with the primary diagnosis of progressive dementia was investigated by surveying the opinions of 57 physicians and 47 family members. Respondents were asked to evaluate the difficulty and helpfulness of various activities physicians perform in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of patients with dementia. Both physicians and families rated the diagnostic services provided by physicians very highly. Although families found physicians' explanations of the diagnosis and prognosis extremely helpful, physicians reported this as an area of difficulty. Physicians and families expressed considerable frustration with the limited medical treatments and interventions for the relief of symptoms associated with dementia. Despite the acknowledged sensitivity of physicians to the social-psychological consequences of dementia, physicians were found to be least helpful in addressing these issues, either directly or through referral to allied health and social services. This study outlines areas of physician education that need improvement and calls for development of an interdisciplinary network of services for the biopsychosocial management of dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 33:383, 1985
Closeness with parents and perceived consequences of pregnancy among male and female adolescents

Using the 1994–1995 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we examine the association between closeness with parents and teen beliefs regarding the consequences of pregnancy. Unlike prev...
‘Second-Hand Superiority’: Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve and the English

The attitude of the American classical scholar Basil L. Gildersleeve toward the English may be taken as typical of Americans over the period of his long life. A native of Charleston, South Carolina, a city with deep economic and cultural ties to England, he found his youthful admiration for British scholarship offset by the sufferings of his ancestors in the Revolution and the War of 1812. At mid-century the allegiance of many American intellectuals had switched from England to Germany, viewed idealistically as a place of pure intellectual discovery and artistic creativity. British amateurism held little interest for those who were building the first American research institutions in the 1880s, but as the FirstWorldWar approached, the deficiencies of the German system and the exciting work being done by those around Jane Harrison and Gilbert Murray brought Gildersleeve back to the respect for humane British scholarship that he had learned in his youth in Charleston.
Uptake Rates of Plant Sap and Synthetic Diet by the Aphid Myzus persicae

On the basis of honeydew excretion data for Myzus persicae (Sulzer) feeding on mustard or radish seedlings, estimates were made of the volume of sap ingested by the aphid on each day of its larval development. By difference-weighing sachets of artificial diet on which aphids were feeding, the daily uptake by aphids of such diet was determined throughout larval development. The aphids ingested a total of almost twice as much plant sap as of synthetic diet; they also grew to twice the size on the plants. Direct comparison of the excretion rate of uniformly sized aphids feeding on seedlings and synthetic diet showed that the feeding rate on the plants was twice that on the diet.
Factors influencing pediatric Injury Severity Score and Glasgow Coma Scale in pediatric automobile crashes: results from the Crash Injury Research Engineering Network.

Abstract Background/Purpose Motor vehicle crashes account for more than 50% of pediatric injuries. Triage of pediatric patients to appropriate centers can be based on the crash/injury characteristics. Pediatric motor vehicle crash/injury characteristics can be determined from an in vitro laboratory using child crash dummies. However, to date, no detailed data with respect to outcomes and crash mechanism have been presented with a pediatric in vivo model. Methods The Crash Injury Research Engineering Network is comprised of 10 level 1 trauma centers. Crashes were examined with regard to age, crash severity (Δ V ), crash direction, restraint use, and airbag deployment. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with Injury Severity Score (ISS) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) as outcomes. Standard age groupings (0-4, 5-9, 10-14, and 15-18) were used. The database is biases toward a survivor population with few fatalities. Results Four hundred sixty-one motor vehicle crashes with 2500 injuries were analyzed (242 boys, 219 girls). Irrespective of age, Δ V > 30 mph resulted in increased ISS and decreased GCS (eg, for 0-4 years, Δ V V > 30: ISS=19.5, GCS=10.6; P V , children in lateral crashes had increased ISS and decreased GCS versus those in frontal crashes. Airbag deployment was protective for children 15 to 18 years old and resulted in a lower ISS and higher GCS (odds ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-4.6). Front-seat passengers suffered more severe (ISS > 15) injuries than did backseat passengers (odds ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.7-3.4). A trend was noted for children younger than 12 years sitting in the front seat to have increased ISS and decreased GCS with airbag deployment but was limited by case number. Conclusion A reproducible pattern of increased ISS and lower GCS characterized by high severity, lateral crashes in children was noted. Further analysis of the specific injuries as a function and the crash characteristic can help guide management and prevention strategies.
Becoming a good doctor: perceived need for ethics training focused on practical and professional development topics.

Objective Ethics training has become a core component of medical student and resident education. Curricula have been developed without the benefit of data regarding the views of physicians-in-training on the need for ethics instruction that focuses on practical issues and professional development topics.
New phasing algorithm for large segmented telescope mirrors

We propose a new phase calibration method, called the sensor-by-sensor phase calibration method (SSPC), which is applied for the phasing of a large segmented telescope mirror. Instead of making the entire segmented mirror in phase at one time and obtaining the de- sired sensor readings accordingly, we serially make the local areas in phase at each sensor location and thus obtain the desired sensor read- ings one by one. Then we run the telescope active control system to make the segments cophase. For the case of Keck telescopes, the SSPC method uses all the 168 phase measurements at 168 phase sen- sor locations; then we obtain 168 desired sensor readings for the seg- mented mirror active control system. The SSPC method is completely insensitive to the residual tilt errors from the segment alignment and the residual errors from the active control system. The validity of the SSPC method has been demonstrated in an active optics experimental system, which has three segments and a 500-mm-diam overall aperture. The accuracy of the SSPC method is better than 20-mm rms in this experi- mental system, and it is easy to obtain diffraction-limited images at a visible wavelength l5650 nm over an aperture of 220 mm. © 2002 Society
Lattice Vibrations of Zincblende Structure Crystals

In this article we present expressions, based on the shell model of lattice dynamics, for all important long-wavelength properties of the lattice vibration spectrum of a zincblende structure crystal, and for the vibration frequencies having wave vectors at the Brillouin zone boundary in the [100] direction. General first and second neighbor short-range force constants are used. The formulas are presented in the distortion dipole form of Mashkevich and Tolpygo, which uses one constant, $\ensuremath{\alpha}$, to describe the electronic polarizability of each atom, rather than the two redundant constants $Y$ and $k$, the shell charge and polarization spring, respectively, used in the shell model. Some of the force constants in our expression are evaluated for GaAs, InSb, AlSb, and ZnS with the aid of available experimental data. We were unable to fit all of the data for any substance with only first neighbor force constants. When small, realistic values of second neighbor constants were used, a multitude of fits resulted. The absence of a criterion determining the "best" fit results in a spread of possible ionic charge values of about one electronic charge for the 3-5 compounds, and an inability to decide whether ZnS is very ionic or rather covalent. Our results point up the necessity of calculations of atomic force constants from fundamental quantum mechanics.
Teleradiology to the intensive care units at Shands Hospital

The clinicians at Shands Hospital at the University of Florida were frustrated by the filmbased system, which served them in taking care of their patients in the Intensive Care Units (ICU). Frequently, they would come to the radiology department three to six floors below their respective ICU only to be stymied by the inability to find a study that was needed for patient care. This led to much consternation and outright animosity towards the personnel in the radiology department. On the other hand, the radiologists were exasperated by the missing films and lack of cooperation of the ICU team of physicians and nurses. The common denominator was an inefficient communications system for sending chest and abdominal films to the ICUs. A solution was proposed, tested, and installed by DuPont. Our initial experience with this system was reported.1 We have now modified and extended this system to all of the ICUs, which represents the basis for this report. The clinical review system (CRS) was initially placed in the medical ICU and very shortly thereafter expanded to serve all six ICUs at Shands Hospital. These include surgical, neurosurgical, cardiothoracic, pediatric and neonatal ICUs. Approximately 30,000 portable examinations are done each year in these areas.
Cold hardiness adaptations of codling moth, cydia pomonella

The cold hardiness adaptations of natural and laboratory reared populations of the codling moth,Cydia pomonella,were examined. Hemolymph, gut, and whole body supercooling points (SCPs), 24-h LT50s, polyhydroxy alcohol concentrations, hemolymph freezing points, and hemolymph melting points were determined. Nondiapausing codling moth larvae do not have appreciable levels of ice nucleators in the hemolymph or gut. Whole body supercooling points were higher than hemolymph supercooling points. For nondiapausing larvae, LT50s were significantly higher than both the whole body and the hemolymph supercooling points, indicating the presence of chill sensitivity. As the larvae left the food source and spun a cocoon, both hemolymph and whole body SCPs decreased. Diapause destined larvae had significantly lower hemolymph SCPs than nondiapausing larvae, but whole body SCPs were not significantly different from nondiapausing larvae of the same age. The LT50s of diapause destined and diapausing larvae were significantly lower than that of nondiapausing larvae. Codling moths are freezing intolerant, with LT50s close to the average whole body supercooling point in diapause destined and diapausing larvae. The overwintering, diapausing larvae effectively supercool to avoid lethal freezing by removal of ice nucleators from the gut and body without appreciable increase of antifreeze agents such as polyols or antifreeze proteins.
Measurement of grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) trachea via magnetic resonance imaging, dissection, and electron beam computed tomography.

To produce a model to explain the acoustic properties of human speech sounds produced by Grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) and to compare these properties across species (e.g., with humans, other psittacine and nonpsittacine mimics), researchers need adequate measurements of the chambers that constitute the parrot vocal tract. Various methods can provide such data. Here we compare results for tracheal measurements provided by a) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a live bird, b) caliper measurements of four preserved specimens, and c) electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) of three of these preserved specimens. We find that EBCT scans provide data that correspond to the inner area of the dissected trachea, whereas MRI results correspond to area measurements that include tracheal ring thickness. We briefly discuss how these data may predict formant values for Grey parrot reproduction of human vowels. Our results suggest how noninvasive techniques can be used for cross-species comparisons, including the coevolution of structure and function in avian mimicry. J. Morphol. 238:81-91, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Exposure to suggestion and creation of false auditory memories.

5urnmary.-The experiment investigated the possibility of creating false auditory memory through exposure to suggestion. Research by Loftus and others has indicated that, through suggestion, false memories can be created. Participants viewed a shorc film and were given a 9-item questionnaire. Eight questions were used as filler while one question asked respondents co recall a phrase one character had said. Although the character actually said nothing, 23 of 30 respondents recalled having heard him speak and speciFically recalled his words. This statistically significant result shows chat auditory memories can also be created. A growing body of research has indicated that memories can be altered through use of suggestive questions and statements (Loftus, 1975; Pope, 1996; Shea, 1996; Zaragoza & Mitchell, 1996; Anastasi, Burns, & Golden, 1997). Loftus (1975) had participants view a film of a car wreck. Half of the participants were asked to state how fast the cars were going when they "hit" each other. The other half were asked the same question using the word "smashed." The latter group estimated higher speeds. More recently, Zaragoza and mtchell (1996) found that repeatedly exposing participants to suggestions about objects in a video which were not actually on the tape made them more &ely to recall falsely the presence of those items. After each false suggestion their confidence was greater that the object was present in the video. Anastasi, et al. (1997) warned participants that false memories were being suggested. Nevertheless, participants recalled the word "sweet" which was not part of a list of related terms (sugar, candy, ice cream, etc.). The current study was designed to assess whether false auditory memories could be created in the same context as visual memories had been. Method.-Thirty students from two classes in psychology at a small private university in the mid-south volunteered to participate during 10 minutes of class time. They viewed a 5-min. segment of a video titled "Wallace and Gromit: A Close Shave." They were instructed to carefully watch the video given the detailed nature of the questions following the video: nine questions which included the target question, "What does Wallace say to stop the girl from wahg away before she leaves?: A. stop, B. wait, C. don't go, D, hold on, E. your own answer." In actuality, Wallace says noth
General layout design for the advanced photon source beamline front ends

Abstract In the first phase of construction, sixteen insertion-device beamline front ends and sixteen bending-magnet beamline front ends will be built by 1995 for the Advanced Photon Source (APS). Designs for these front ends have been completed. In this paper, the particular designs and specifications as well as the optical and bremsstrahlung ray-tracing analysis for the APS front ends are presented.
A model for predoctoral psychopharmacology training: Shaping a new frontier in clinical psychology

Patients routinely ask psychologists questions about psychoactive medications. In addition, psychologists frequently encounter patients having problems with their medications. How will doctoral training programs respond to the dilemma of providing their students with a basic level of knowledge in psychopharmacology without adding to the length of the doctoral curriculum? Although postdoctoral training models have been developed for psychologists who seek extended specialized training in psychopharmacology, the authors propose that some predoctoral training in psychopharmacology and related topics is critical to prepare graduates to meet mental health needs, particularly for underserved populations. The authors present a model through which psychopharmacology course work can be integrated into the predoctoral curriculum without compromising course work in basic psychology or extending the length of training.
Cenozoic Clay-Mineral Stratigraphy in South Philippine Sea, DSDP Legs 59 and 60: ABSTRACT

On DSDP Legs 59 and 60, sites were drilled in the South Philippine Sea along an east-west transect at 17°N lat. Clay minerals from Cenozoic samples at DSDP sites 447A, 449, 450, 452, 453, and 454A were analyzed by X-ray diffraction methods. A semiquantitative determination of the percentages of clay minerals was made for each sample. In addition, illite crystallinities and relative iron contents in illites and chlorites were analyzed using X-ray diffraction data. At site 447A, on the western flank of the Palau-Kyushu Ridge, the drill penetrated an undated surficial clay zone into underlying early Miocene pelagic clay. The clay is smectite-rich (averaging 95% smectite). The remaining percentage is almost evenly divided between crystalline illite, relatively low-iron chlorite, and kaolinite, all of which reflect detrital input from the Chinese mainland. Site 449, on the eastern ridge flank, yielded a thick pelagic clay sequence ranging from an undated cover down through middle Miocene to upper Oligocene clays. An increase in smectite content during the late middle Miocene resulted from ash deposition due to volcanism on the West Mariana Ridge. Below this zone, in older middle Miocene clays, the content of chlorite, illite, and kaolinite increases considerably relative to smectite. The mineralogic change is associated with radiolarian-rich deposits of the same age. This change could mark a northward shift in the equatorial counter-current associated with increased boundary-current circulation that occurred at this time. Pelagic clays from the other sites in the Parece Vela Basin, Mariana Trough, and Mariana Trench are smectite-rich owing to the ash content of the sediment. However, stratigraphic interpretation of the Mariana Trough End_Page 413------------------------------ and Trench sediment is limited because the pelagic clay units consist only of thin Quaternary veneers. End_of_Article - Last_Page 414------------
Generation models for scale-free networks

Abstract In the last few years it has been established that the connectivity distribution of the large real-world networks often follows the power-law, i.e., they are scale-free networks. In this article stochastic models leading to scale-free network are considered and a model close to them is proposed. Deterministic models for creating scale-free networks with given nodes (static model) are demonstrated. A characteristic of graphs, which could be used for determining the scale-free topology of networks, is suggested.
Effect of norepinephrine on coronary hemodynamics in coronary stenotic canine model

Abstract The effect of intracoronary injection of 1μ norepinephrine was assessed in 14 open-chest dogs anesthetized with alpha chloralose. Studies were performed before and after partial coronary artery constriction by a circumferential snare. Aortic pressure, coronary pressure distal to the stenosis, and coronary flow were monitored before and after injection of norepinephrine. Calculated values were stenotic resistance and distal coronary resistance. Before coronary constriction, norepinephrine resulted in an early minimal increase in coronary flow and decrease in distal coronary resistance with prompt return to control values. In contrast with high grade coronary constriction, at 15 seconds after norepinephrine coronary flow decreased (29.8 ± 3.4 to 22.9 ± 3.6 ml./minute) (p
Projections from the nucleus of the solitary tract in the rat

The axonal projections of neurons in and near the nucleus of the solitary tract have been visualized using titrated amino acid autoradiography. Axons of neurons of this nucleus ramify extensively within the nucleus itself, but much less so in the nucleus commissuralis. They also enter cranial motor nuclei within the medulla. Axons originating in the anterior part of the nucleus of the solitary tract extend to the hypoglossal, facial and probably trigeminal motor nuclei, but not to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus or the nucleus ambiguus. The posterior part of the nucleus of the solitary tract projects to all these motor nuclei. In the spinal cord solitary nucleus axons remain in the medial gray directly caudal to the solitary nucleus itself. The distribution becomes very weak by C3 after some fibers spread laterally into the caudal trigeminal nucleus. Fibers are labeled in the contralateral ventral columns, but they could not be unequivocably attributed to solitary neurons. Axons ascending from the nucleus of the solitary tract extend no further rostrally than the pons, where they terminate in the caudal end of the parabrachial nuclei. Although often treated as entirely separate systems, the present results indicate that secondary gustatory neurons in the anterior solitary nucleus and secondary visceral afferent neurons in the posterior solitary nucleus have very similar rostral and caudal projections. The pontine parabrachial nuclei, the rostral termination of solitary nucleus neurons, have extensive direct connections to the thalamus, the hypothalamus and the limbic forebrain. Assuming similar connections occur in other mammals, these findings establish the existence of di-synaptic visceral afferent access to the highest autonomic integrative centers in the brain.
Tricyclic antidepressants as long-acting local anesthetics

Amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine, doxepin, desipramine, protriptyline, trimipramine, and maprotiline are tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) used orally in treating major depressive disorders. Recent studies showed that amitriptyline is more potent in blocking the sciatic nerve functions in vivo by local injection than bupivacaine, a long-acting local anesthetic. We therefore tested whether various TCAs could likewise act as local anesthetics in vivo after single injection via the rat sciatic notch. The duration of complete sciatic nerve blockade by TCAs and the time to reach full recovery were measured with neurobehavioral assays and compared with results from bupivacaine. Amitriptyline, doxepin, and imipramine at 5mM elicited a longer complete sciatic nerve blockade than did bupivacaine at 15.4mM (0.5%), whereas trimipramine and desipramine at 5mM produced a shorter blockade. In contrast, nortriptyline, protriptyline, and maprotiline failed to elicit complete sciatic nerve blockade. Thus, TCAs have very different efficacy as local anesthetics in vivo. The duration of rat sciatic nerve blockade in vivo by TCAs is not well correlated with the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of TCAs in blocking human cardiac Nav1.5 Na(+) channels expressed in human embryonic kidney cells. With this in vitro expression system, TCAs appear more potent than bupivacaine as Na(+) channel blockers in Nav1.5 Na(+) channels. We suggest that the ability of TCAs to pass through various membrane barriers within peripheral nerve trunks is crucial to their local anesthetic efficacy in vivo. TCAs with a tertiary amine appear more effective in penetrating these membrane barriers than TCAs with a secondary amine.
Callus and Shoot-Tip Culture of Eight Trifolium Species in Vitro with Regeneration via Somatic Embryogenesis of T. Rubens

Summary Systems in vitro developed for Trifolium pratense were evaluated for use with seven other important Trifolium species. Calli were successfully initiated from seedling explants of T. alpestre, T. campestre, T. incarnatum, T. medium, T. pratense, T. repens, T. rubens and T. subterraneum. Suspension cultures of all species except T. campestre and T subterraneum were initiated from callus and colonies were successfully recovered from replates of all species examined. Successful plant regeneration was obtained from both callus and suspension-derived cultures of T. rubens by somatic embryogenesis. Shoots from all species except T. campestre were clonally propagated using meristem-tip culture methods. These shoots were successfully rooted, except for those of T. incarnatum. These results indicate that the manipulation in vitro of several Trifolium species is possible with available systems.
Narcotics and Crime: A Causal Modeling Approach

The present study examines the relationships between narcotics use and criminality utilizing a confirmatory structural equation modeling approach. Latentvariable and manifest-variable models are used to represent causal relationships between narcotics use and criminality in both the postaddiction and the pretreatment periods of the addiction career. Latent-variable models include a preexisting deviance construct as an exogenous factor, and manifest-variable models include a measure of drug trafficking, or dealing, as an influencing variable. Both inclusions are made as an attempt to minimize specification error in the models. The results are consistent in showing that, while simultaneous relationships between narcotics and criminality are clearly demonstrable, the prediction of either variable from the other across time cannot be demonstrated. It is concluded that causal relationships between narcotics and criminality are probably not characterized by an appreciable or identifiable time lag. Other theoretical considerations suggested by the modeling results are discussed, such as the role of idiosyncratic approaches to the economics of maintaining addition.
Biomechanical simulations of forward fall arrests: effects of upper extremity arrest strategy, gender and aging-related declines in muscle strength.

Computer simulation was used to predict the extent to which age-related muscle atrophy may adversely affect the safe arrest of a forward fall onto the arms. The biomechanical factors affecting the separate risks for wrist fracture or head impact were examined using a two-dimensional, 5-link, forward dynamic model. The hypothesis was tested in older females that age-related loss in muscular strength renders the use of the arms ineffective in arresting a forward fall without either a torso impact exceeding 0.5 m/s or distal forearm loads sufficient to fracture the wrist. The results demonstrate that typical age-related decline in arm muscle strength substantially reduces the ability to arrest a forward fall without the elbows buckling and, therefore, a risk of torso and/or head impact. The model predicted that older women with below-average bone strength risk a Colles fracture when arresting typical falls, particularly with an extended arm.
Usefulness of residual ischemic myocardium within prior infarct zone for identifying patients at high risk late after acute myocardial infarction

This study examines the prognostic implications of ischemia within the territory of a prior acute myocardial infarction (AMI) vs ischemia at a distance, which develops late after AMI. Sixty-one consecutive patients who underwent both exercise thallium-201 (TI-201) imaging and cardiac catheterization for evaluation of chest pain that developed after discharge from the hospital for AMI form the study group. Mean interval between infarction to the TI-201 study was 10 +/- 17 months. Initial and 2-hour delay TI-201 images were analyzed quantitatively to determine the presence and location (within vs outside the prior infarct zone) of TI-201 redistribution, a marker of ischemic viable myocardium. TI-201 imaging results were separated into 3 groups based on presence and location of TI-201 redistribution: no significant TI-201 redistribution was found in 16 patients; in 29, TI-201 redistribution was confined to the infarct zone; and in 16, TI-201 redistribution was outside the infarct zone. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the comparative ability of TI-201 results and other patient variables to predict cardiac events. For total cardiac events (cardiac death, recurrent nonfatal AMI, unstable angina and coronary revascularization), both the presence of any TI-201 redistribution and multivessel angiographic coronary artery disease were significant predictors. However, when coronary revascularization was excluded as an endpoint, TI-201 redistribution limited to the prior infarct zone was the only significant predictor of cardiac events. All 8 cardiac events occurred in patients with T1-201 redistribution limited to the infart zone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Genomic Mapping of Chromosomal Region 2p15–p21 (D2S378–D2S391): Integration of Genemap'98 within a Framework of Yeast and Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes

The region of chromosome 2 encompassed by the polymorphic markers D2S378 (centromeric) and D2S391 (telomeric) spans an approximately 10-cM distance in cytogenetic bands 2p15-p21. This area is frequently involved in cytogenetic alterations in human cancers. It also harbors the genes for several genetic disorders, including Type I hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), familial male precocious puberty (FMPP), Carney complex (CNC), Doyne's honeycomb retinal dystrophy (DHRD), and one form of familial dyslexia (DYX-3). Only a handful of known genes have been mapped to 2p16. These include MSH2, which is responsible for HNPCC, FSHR, the gene responsible for FMPP, EFEMP-1, the gene mutated in DHRD, GTBP, a DNA repair gene, and SPTBN1, nonerythryocytic beta-spectrin. The genes for CNC and DYX-3 remain unknown, due to lack of a contig of this region and its underrepresentation in the existing maps. This report presents a yeast- and bacterial-artificial chromosome (YAC and BAC, respectively) resource for the construction of a sequence-ready map of 2p15-p21 between the markers D2S378 and D2S391 at the centromeric and telomeric ends, respectively. The recently published Genemap'98 lists 146 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in this region; we have used our YAC-BAC map to place each of these ESTs within a framework of 40 known and 3 newly cloned polymorphic markers and 37 new sequence-tagged sites. This map provides an integration of genetic, radiation hybrid, and physical mapping information for the region corresponding to cytogenetic bands 2p15-p21 and is expected to facilitate the identification of disease genes from the area.