cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of loading conditions and contractile state (methoxamine and dobutamine) on left ventricular early diastolic function in normal subjects.

Abstract The influence of changes in preload, afterload and contractile state on left ventricular (LV) filling characteristics were examined. Normal subjects underwent echocardiographic determination of the peak rates of LV dimension change and wall thinning and their respective timing at rest, after preload augmentation with dextran, during increased afterload with methoxamine and during inotropic stimulation by dobutamine. These 2 peak velocities and their timing in diastole correlated well with each other and responded similarly to interventions. Increased preload resulted in higher peak velocities of dimension change and wall thinning, without changing the time in diastole at which they occur. Both peak velocities moved later into diastole with higher afterload; however, the overall change in magnitude was variable and without statistical significance. Inotropic stimulation resulted in faster rates of peak dimension change and wall thinning, which occurred at an earlier point in diastole. Examination of various measures of LV size and function over a wide range of preload and afterload conditions under a constant contractile state revealed a complex set of relations. The ratio of wall thickness-to-dimension at end-diastole showed the most significant relation to the peak rate of dimension change, whereas peak thinning was best correlated with fractional wall thickening. Both velocities were also significantly but more weakly related to other variables of systolic function. The timing of these peak velocities correlated most closely with the end-systolic wall stress and heart rate. Thus, LV filling and wall thinning depend in a complex fashion on loading conditions, heart rate and contractile state. These interactions must be considered when echocardiographic indexes of diastolic function are used in the clinical setting.
Do Democracy and Free Markets Protect Us From Terrorism

This study empirically tests what has become a central component of US anti-terrorism policy under the Bush administration: that terrorism is a byproduct of illiberal political and economic systems. Employing a series of statistical analyses on incidents of terrorism in 153 countries from 1986 to 2003, the author finds that variables measuring democracy and degree of economic openness are not significant predictors of terrorism. However, the study does find that experience of state failures is significant, thus providing empirical backing for a small, descriptive body of scholarship linking failed states to terrorism.
Comment on Gibbard Utilitarianism Versus Human Rights

Rather than respond to Gibbard, point by point, I will comment on what I take to be the general spirit of his argument. The old consensus on some form or another of utilitarianism, a consensus that dominated discussions in moral and political theory only a few years ago, has now largely evaporated before the heat of distributional objections founded on justice, the “separateness of persons,” and other concerns for the severe sacrifices that utilitarianism might require of some for the sake of greater gains to others (or for the sake of gains to a greater number of others).
SU-E-T-560: Commissioning An HDR Freiburg Flap Applicator for Skin Lesion Treatment

Purpose: Flexible Freiburg flap used with high dose rate afterloaders is easy to cut into any size for any body site and to dwell with a precise source position, conforms to curved skin surface and then to the planned target. However, unlike intracavity or interstitial situations, incomplete scatter environment due to flap applicators exposed to air might lead to dose difference between the delivered and planned. This research is focused on the dose deviation of incomplete scatter versus full scatter. Methods: A 12x12 cm of Freiburg flap applicator was used for the validation. A Nucletron Oncentra Brachy Ver. 4.3 treatment planning system (TPS) was used for treatment planning. However, no heterogeneity correction incorporated into the brachytherap TPS needs to be considered. A Philips Brilliance CT Big Bore was employed for CT scan. Radiation was delivered using a Nucletron HDR remote afterloader system. A 10cm bolus was used to cover the flap for obtaining a full scatter. An OSL, ion chamber, and Gafchromic EBT2 film were used for commissioning the flap applicator. Results: The applicator calibration at 5mm depth was performed using an OSL dosimeter. Applicator source dwelling positions with 1D and 2D array exposed to and recorded by Gafchromic EBT2more » film showed an agreement within 1mm. 1D array of Freiburg flap exhibited 4.2% cooler in dose with incomplete scatter than full scatter. 2D array showed 7.1% lower in dose for incomplete scatter than full scatter. The deviation was found more than 10% beyond 8cm in depth. Conclusion: Significant dose deviation caused by the incomplete scatter environment was found to be 7.1% at 1cm depth. This deviation was increased with increasing depth. The inaccuracy resulted from the incomplete scatter can be fixed by either placing a bolus on the top of the flap or making the plan at least 7% hotter.« less
Perception of Time and Cigarette Smoking among College Students

340 undergraduate students were asked to draw three circles representing the past, present, and the future. Temporal dominance was measured by the size of the circles, temporal relatedness was indicated by whether the circles were not separated in space. Non-smokers tended to draw circles that were future dominant and temporally related.
NEW RECORD OF THE ALDERFLY SIALIS MOHRI (MEGALOPTERA: SIALIDAE) FROM TEXAS AND LOUISIANA, U.S.A

Herein I report the occurrence of Sialis mohri Ross (Megaloptera: Sialidae) for the first time from Texas and Louisiana. On 15 April 2006, I collected six males and five females of S. mohri along the shoreline vegetation of a pond (approximately 5 hectares) just south of Joaquin in Shelby County, TX. I also collected two males of the same species from another pond (approximately 3 hectares) near Zwolle in Sabine Parish, LA on the same date. Currently 24 species of Sialis Latreille are known from America north of Mexico (Ross 1937, Townsend 1939, Flint 1964, Whiting 1991a). Ross (1937) described the holotype of Sialis mohri from the Trout River in Boulder Junction, Wisconsin. Known state/province records for this widely distributed species are Arkansas, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Quebec, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, and Wisconsin (Ross 1937, Tarter et al., 1978, Stark and Lago 1980, Whiting 1991b). The two new state records reported here broaden the known southwestern distribution of S. mohri. Before these new records from Texas and Louisiana, three species of Sialis had been reported from Texas (S. velata Ross, S. itasca Ross, S. americana Rambur) (Ross 1937, Tarter et al., 1978) and only one (S. americana Rambur) from Louisiana (Tarter et al., 1978). The specimens are deposited in the personal collection of the author (11) and in the Texas AM 2 males. TEXAS, Shelby County near Joaquin (31°96'18N, 94°06'67W), 15 April 2006, J. L. Locklin, at large; 6 males, 5 females.
Effects of angiotensin II on pressor responses to norepinephrine in humans.

Abstract In previous studies in the conscious rabbit and in isolated artery preparations, low doses of angiotensin II synergistically amplified the pressor effects of the sympathetic neurotransmitter, norepinephrine (NE). To determine whether these observations could be replicated in humans, 9 normal adult male volunteers (mean age: 34) each were given 3 i.v. doses of NE (25, 50 and 100 ug.kg −1 . min −1 during consecutive 10 min infusion periods. On a second study day, the procedure was repeated during infusion of angiotensin II in a subpressor dose (1.25 ng.kg −1 . min −1 ). The angiotensin II didn't alter the BP responses to NE, but it attenuated the heart rate (HR) decreases associated with the NE infusions by 80% (P
MONITORING NOVEL ANTICOAGULANTS DABIGATRAN, RIVAROXABAN AND APIXABAN USING THROMBELASTOGRAPHY

Novel anticoagulants dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban were designed not to require monitoring of the anticoagulation effect. There are clinical situations where such monitoring would be useful including bleeding situations, trauma, and thromboembolic event while on anticoagulation. At this point
Derivation of a general expression for the momentum matrix elements within the envelope-function approximation.

A general expression for the momentum matrix elements for both intrasubband and intersubband transitions in n- or p-type doped quantum wells, wires, and dots is derived within the envelope-function approximation, in the process unifying the description of optical absorption in n- and p-type heterostructures. The derivation is nontrivially extended to the case of wave-function penetration into the barrier in a way that satisfies the principle of microscopic reversibility. The contribution of the valence-band anisotropy is shown to contribute to normal-incidence absorption in p-type heterostructures.
A case study of a workplace recreation-based physical activity program

Physical activity is a modifiable risk factor that can improve people's health. The purpose of this case study is to examine a workplace recreation-based physical activity program using a social ecological approach to wellness. Qualitative data were collected from documents, observations and interviews with current, past and potential participants. Three primary themes emerged from the data collection: leadership, social support and bonding and trading off constraints for benefits. Leadership was important because of the shared responsibility among participants. Social support came in both hierarchical and lateral ways. Constraints related to job responsibilities, returning to work after perspiring and limitations of the physical space were traded or offset by the benefits of social interactions and convenience. Two ways of theorizing the data are discussed. One aspect is the degree of identification and ownership that individuals feel, and the second is the recreation-based philosophy of the activities.
Educational Technology and the Learning Process

T he phrase "educational technology" carries differe t meanings to different people. Both of its major meanings were recognized by the Commission on Instructional Technology in its report entitled "To Improve Learning" (1970). I have always favored the second meaning identified in that report, namely, a body of technical knowledge about the systematic design and conduct of education, based upon scientific research (Gagne', 1968). Obviously, though, any such systematic approach to education, and more specifically to instruction, must include a consideration of the functions to be performed by media-that is, by what are called "the things of learning" (Armsey and Dahl, 1973).
Evaluating the structure of the Mathematics Teacher Questionnaire: A measure of exposure to mathematics instructional practices and content

Psychometric properties of 24 items from the fifth grade Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort Mathematics Teacher Questionnaire were investigated in a sample of 5,181 participants. These items asked teachers to report how often they had their classroom students engage in different mathematics content, skills and instructional practices. Exploratory factor analyses were employed to evaluate the underlying factor structure of the selected items. Results suggest that these items effectively measure three distinct latent constructs that are specific to mathematics instruction: Instructional Practices for Teaching Mathematics, Developing Number Sense, and Beyond Number Sense. These results support the use of this instrument as a guide for research and policy, or to inform teacher curriculum decisions.
Frequency of abrupt vessel closure and side branch occlusion after percutaneous coronary intervention in a 6.5-year period (1994 to 2000) at a single medical center

The aims of this study were to analyze the contemporary trends in the changing incidence of abrupt vessel closure (AVC) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), to determine the impact of intracoronary stenting and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPIs) on complication rates and etiologies, and to determine the incidence of side branch occlusion (SBO) as the etiology of AVC in the stent era, complications occurring during 3,300 consecutive PCIs performed from April 1994 to December 2000 at a single referral institution. In this consecutive patient cohort of PCI cases collected over a 6.5-year period, AVC occurred in 103 of 3,300 cases (3.12%). Linear regression analysis over this time frame documented a steadily decreasing incidence of AVC from 5.9% in 1994 to 1.1% in 2000 (-0.76%/per year, 95% confidence interval -0.99 to 0.52, p <0.05). Analysis using Pearson's correlation showed that the decreasing incidence of AVC was inversely correlated with the increasing percentage of intracoronary stents placed over this time period (r = -0.94, p <0.001). Additionally, GPI use increased from 0% in 1995 to 36.0% in 2000 (p = 0.009). The absolute incidence of SBO of a major branch vessel remained relatively stable over this 6.5-year period. However, SBO appeared to be increasing as the etiology of AVC, and accounted for 9.0% of AVC in 1995 compared with 28.0% of AVC in 2000. This increasing trend of the percentage of SBO as the etiology of AVC appeared to correlate with the increased use of stents (r = 0.85, p = 0.015). Thus, the incidence of AVC steadily decreased over the 6.5-year time period, and was associated with the increased use of stents and GPIs; conversely, SBO accounted for an increasing percentage of AVC over this time period.
Physical principles of the esaki diode and some of its properties as a circuit element

Abstract A brief description is given of the physical mechanism underlying the operation of the recently invented, negative-resistance “tunnel” diode. This diode, which is capable of operation at microwave frequencies, is then analyzed from a circuit viewpoint. On the basis of this analysis, an equivalent circuit of the diode is obtained with the help of which are calculated such useful design criteria as the maximum frequency of oscillation and the maximum gain-bandwidth product, and the minimum noise figure, when the diode is used as an oscillator and amplifier, respectively. Experimental results are quoted which verify many of these quantities.
Histological and histochemical studies on the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) olfactory mucosa.

Detailed histochemical studies on the localization of various oxidative and dephosphorylating enzymes and esterases have been made on the olfactory mucosa of the rhesus monkey. The upper part of dendritic process and terminal rods of receptor cells and the upper part of supporting cells show high oxidative enzyme activity. The soma and infranuclear parts of receptor and supporting cells have much lower oxidative enzyme activity. The basal cells and perineural epithelial cells have high hydrolytic enzyme activity, though they show low oxidative enzyme activity. Alkaline phosphatase is localized in the olfactory axons, basal cells and perineural epithelial cells. The receptor and supporting cells contain much less adenosine triphosphatase activity than the basal cells and perineural epithelial cells. The axons of receptor cells pass between the basal cells and come out from the basal cell layer forming the olfactory nerve fasciculi, most of which are surrounded completely by flat squamous cells starting from the base of the basal cell layer. The basal cells are histochemically and cytologically related to the perineural epithelial cells covering the olfactory nerve fasciculi. Basal cells probably cannot give rise to supporting cells and are not young forms of supporting cells. The degenerating receptor cells as well as the olfactory nerve fasciculi which are not completely covered by the flat squamous cells may make the locus minoris resistentiae in the olfactory mucosa. The olfactory axons are rich in most of enzymes we have tested. They seem to be metabolically very active and both cholinergic and adrenergic in nature. The mucosal secretion covering the olfactory epithelium contains oxidative and some hydrolytic enzymes. Bowman's glands show high activity for most enzymes except cholinesterases.
Theory of departure from local equilibrium at the interface of a two-phase diffusion couple

Abstract A simple model is developed to calculate the departure from local equilibrium at a moving two-phase interface in a binary diffusion couple. The model is based on the solution of a generalized diffusion equation derived by assuming that the diffusion flux of a species is proportional to the gradient of the functional derivative, with respect to concentration, of the total Helmholtz free energy. This total free energy is composed of the integral of two terms, a coarse-grained free energy per unit volume that reflects the bulk thermodynamic properties of the material and an energy density proportional to the square of the concentration gradient. Final results are conveniently represented by replacing the actual concentration profile with another having a jump discontinuity at a plane whose position is judiciously chosen within the region of high concentration gradient; values of composition and its derivative at the discontinuity are chosen such that the bulk solutions, when extrapolated to these values, are the same as for the complete profile. The composition deviations from thermodynamic equilibrium in each phase at the interface are found to be proportional to an assumed large interfacial resistivity; they contain a term proportional to the interface velocity and a second independent term proportional to the flux of one atomic species through the interface. Fluxes of A and B atoms, measured in the interface frame, are found to be related linearly to differences in chemical potential across the interface by a symmetric matrix which guarantees a decrease of net free energy but allows a given species to move contrary to its chemical potential gradient, thus giving rise to trapping in some circumstances.
Preparation and properties of phosphatidal ethanolamine from bovine white matter

Abstract The preparation of phosphatidal ethanolamine (Pal-E) from the ethanolamine phosphatide (EP) fraction of bovine brain white matter is described. The method is based upon the resistance of the plasmalogen 2-acyl linkage to mild alkaline hydrolysis in the presence of methanol and in the absence of chloroform. The average yield was 62% of the Pal-E originally present in the EP preparations. The IR, NMR, and ORD spectra of Pal-E were as expected on the basis of the groups present. The average molar absorbancy index at 6.02 μ was 177. The presence of signals at 260.5 and 254.5 cpm in the NMR spectrum, along with the results obtained from the IR spectrum, allowed the unequivocal assignment of the cis-configuration to the 1-alkenyl linkage. No deviations from plain positive ORD curves were seen. The distribution of hydrocarbon residues was ascertained from GLC. The aldehydogenic residues on the 1-position contained 41% of normal olefinic unsaturation in that portion of the chain exclusive of the 1-alkenyl group. Phosphatidalkyl ethanolamine was isolated from EP preparation and, after direct quantification, shown to account for 7% of the phosphorus of the fraction.
Money and prices under uncertainty

We study whether monetary economies display nominal indeterminacy: equivalently, whether monetary policy determines the path of prices under uncertainty. In a simple, stochastic, cash-in-advance economy, we find that indeterminacy arises and is characterized by the initial price level and a probability measure associated with state-contingent nominal bonds: equivalently, monetary policy determines an average, but not the distribution of inflation across realizations of uncertainty. The result does not derive from the stability of the deterministic steady state and is not affected essentially by price stickiness. Nominal indeterminacy may affect real allocations in cases we identify. Our characterization applies to stochastic monetary models in general, and it permits a unified treatment of the determinants of paths of inflation. Copyright 2005, Wiley-Blackwell.
Reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation in HIV patients with hematologic malignancies: yes, we can.

To the editor: The early enthusiasm for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients with HIV infection was tempered by the high transplantation-related mortality and rapid progression of HIV infection after allografting, casting serious doubts about the feasibility of this curative
A Rewriting Semantics for ABEL with Applications to Hardware/Software Co-Design and Analysis

We present a rewriting logic semantics in Maude of the ABEL hardware description language. Based on this semantics, and on Maude's underlying LTL model checker, we propose a scalable formal analysis framework and tool for hardware/software co-design. The analysis method is based on trace checking of finite system behaviors against LTL temporal logic formulas. The formal properties of the hardware, the embedded software, and the interactions between both can all be analyzed this way. We present two case studies illustrating our method and tool.
Two Markov Models of Neighborhood Housing Turnover

This paper develops two mathematical models of housing turnover in a neighborhood. The first of these draws upon the theory of non-homogeneous Markov processes and includes the effects of present neighborhood composition upon future turnover probabilities. The second model considers the turnover process as a Markov renewal process and therefore allows the inclusion of length of occupancy as a determinant of transition probabilities. Example calculations for both models are included, and procedures for using the models are outlined.
Cell surface markers of the canine natural killer (NK) cell.

Abstract Studies were performed to determine which of several cell surface markers are expressed on canine peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) natural killer (NK) cells. Chromium-51 release assays showed a decrease in NK activity after depletion of PBL by carbonyl iron ingestion and adherence to IgG-antibody-coated ovine erythrocytes (EAγ) and to IgM-antibody-complement-coated ovine erythrocytes (EAμC). Effector cell adherence to and subsequent lysis of canine thyroid adenocarcinoma (CTAC) target cell monolayers provided direct visual identification of the putative canine NK cell. These surface immunoglobulin-negative cells, individually identified by their physical adherence to dead CTAC target cells, failed to form nonimmune rosettes with guinea pig erythrocytes or rosettes with EAμ or EAμC. However, 39.0 ± 4.2% of these adherent cells formed rosettes with EAγ and 73.3 ± 0.8% expressed the canine T-lymphocyte marker, Thy-1.
Spin Conductivity and Spin-Charge Separation in the High- T c Cuprates

We address the question of how to experimentally test spin-charge separation in the high-T{sub c} cuprates. We demonstrate that a comparison between the temperature dependences of the electrical resistivity and spin resistivity can be used for this purpose. Given the known linear in temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity, the spin resistivity should also be linear in temperature in the absence of spin-charge separation and under conditions appropriate for the optimally doped cuprates, but is in general {bold {ital not}}so in the presence of spin-charge separation. We demonstrate the quantitative feasibility of applying the spin-injection technique to measure the electron-spin diffusion constant. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Spin transference and magnetoresistance amplification in a transistor

A current problem in semiconductor spin-based electronics is the difficulty of experimentally expressing the effect of spin-polarized current in electrical circuit measurements. We present a theoretical solution with the principle of transference of the spin-diffusion effects in the semiconductor channel of a system with three magnetic terminals. A notable result of technological consequences is the room-temperature amplification of the magnetoresistive effect, integrable with electronics circuits, demonstrated by computation of current dependence on magnetization configuration in such a system with currently achievable parameters.
Helping networks among the Jewish elderly poor

A major theme of this paper is that ethnic groups can be classified into two types modern and traditional The modern ethnic group recognizes the priority of universalism in the public sphere, the priority of ethnic particularism in the private sphere and the consequent need for different services to be provided by different groups. The traditional ethnic groups gives priority to ethnic particularism in both public and private areas and sees all services provided by one group The Jewish ethnic groups because of their persecution and their religious culture were located in occupations and a social world that segregate the public and private world Consequently they entered industrial societies with a modern ethnic structure that enabled them to adapt more quickly than those who migrated from agricultural communities with traditional ethnic norms. The norms of traditional groups are so inappropriate to an industrial society that their members typically abandon them through assimilation or in a minority of cases isolate themselves (e.g., Amish) The latter is associated with abandonment of higher secular education and higher income jobs Those arguing for ethnic assimilation derive compelling evidence from traditional ethnic groups (e.g., Italian) while those claiming ethnic viability focus on modern ethnic groups (e.g., Jewish). Poor people and people who are sick and old but who have a modern ethnic orientation also tend to have one informal group provide all services. But, unlike traditional groups, they are guided by poverty and illness rather than traditional ethnic norms. Data from a survey of 1,400 people 65 and older are presented to highlight Jewish ethnicity as well as document differences between modem and traditional ethnic groups. Three groups of poor Jewish elderly are identified. They are governed by different ethnic norms: some ultra orthodox sects (who atypically adhere to traditional ethnic norms), impoverished recent Russian immigrants, and Jewish elderly who are sick and single (both of whom have modern norms) Social policy for the delivery of network help under varying ethnic conditions are suggested.
Misleading worm signature generators using deliberate noise injection

Several syntactic-based automatic worm signature generators, e.g., Polygraph, have recently been proposed. These systems typically assume that a set of suspicious flows are provided by a flow classifier, e.g., a honeynet or an intrusion detection system, that often introduces "noise" due to difficulties and imprecision inflow classification. The algorithms for extracting the worm signatures from the flow data are designed to cope with the noise. It has been reported that these systems can handle a fairly high noise level, e.g., 80% for Polygraph. In this paper, we show that if noise is introduced deliberately to mislead a worm signature generator, a much lower noise level, e.g., 50%, can already prevent the system from reliably generating useful worm signatures. Using Polygraph as a case study, we describe a new and general class of attacks whereby a worm can combine polymorphism and misleading behavior to intentionally pollute the dataset of suspicious flows during its propagation and successfully mislead the automatic signature generation process. This study suggests that unless an accurate and robust flow classification process is in place, automatic syntactic-based signature generators are vulnerable to such noise injection attacks.
Automated Design of Aerogravity-Assist Trajectories

Aerogravity assist enhances the technique of gravity assist through the use of a lifting vehicle that  ies through the atmosphere of the swingby planet. An algorithm is developed that automatically searches for such trajectories to destination planets including Pluto, Neptune, Saturn,Mars, and Venus. Trajectories for lift-to-drag (L/D) ratios ranging from 1 to 10 are calculated using Venus and Mars as aerogravity-assist  yby bodies. Current waverider technology promises to deliver L/D ratios as high as 7. Trajectories to Pluto with times of  ight near 8 years and launchC3 (excess velocity squared) under 56 km2/s2 are presented for L/D ratios of 7. This techniques signi cantly reduces launch energy and the time of  ight for many missions, enabling greater access to solar system bodies.
Diagramming Word Problems: A Strategic Approach for Instruction.

While often recommended as a strategy to use in order to solve word problems, drawing a diagram is a complex process that requires a good depth of understanding. Many middle school students with learning disabilities (LD) often struggle to use diagrams in an effective and efficient manner. This article presents information for teaching middle school students with LD about diagrams and how to use them to solve word problems.
Gravitational anomalies and the Goldstone-Wilczek current

The gravitational Goldstone-Wilczek current is shown to exist only in theories with torsion. The additional degrees of freedom present in such theories allow the mixed U(1) and local Lorentz gauge field anomalies to be canceled by appropriate local counterterms.
Grubbs and Hoveyda-type ruthenium complexes bearing a cyclic bent-allene

Abstract Stable cyclic bent-allene 1 displaces the chelating ether linkage of the Hoveyda–Grubbs-type ruthenium complex 2 bearing triphenylphosphine. The resulting complex 3 features an unusual cis-arrangement of the phosphine and the cyclic bent-allene, while retaining a distorted square pyramidal geometry around the ruthenium center. Monitoring by 31P NMR spectroscopy the reaction of cyclic bent-allene 1 with the indenylidene bis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium dichloride complex 4 allowed for the observation of dissociated triphenylphosphine, and the formation of a ruthenium complex featuring 1 and triphenylphosphine in the desired trans-configuration. However, continued reaction times saw the disappearance of this complex, and after workup complex 5 featuring a cis-arrangement was isolated.
Wind and the direction of nocturnal songbird migration.

MIGRATING birds do not seem to be drifted off course by light to moderate unfavourable winds1–4. Birds tend to migrate with tail winds, and various people have proposed that the migrants reduce chances of drift by selecting following winds for their particular goal-directed flights. Some reports, however, support the view that migrating songbirds (passerines) are drifted off course by unfavourable winds5–8. Without adequate knowledge of the goals of the birds of a given flight, both claims are debatable. We have recently obtained, by a new technique, data that clarify the issue.
Phosphodiesterase 6C, cGMP-specific cone alpha'.

Network Map States Transitions Functions Protein Classes Sequence Interactions Pathways Domains & Motifs Protein Structure Orthologs Sequence Interactions Pathways Domains & Motifs Protein Structure Orthologs Blast Data
Splenic trauma in children and techniques of splenic salvage

The increased risk of sepsis after splenectomy applies to any age for any reason. Splenic injuries consequently are now managed when possible by salvage procedures or nonoperative observation. This is not without controversy and in an attempt to define these injuries more appropriately and so predict optimal management, a quantitative and qualitative classification of presence and severity is presented, based on computed tomography. Type I injuries consist of localized capsular disruption or subcapsular hematomas, without significant parenchyma injury. Type II injuries consist of single or multiple capsular disruptions, with parenchymal injury that does not extend into the hilum or involve major vessels, with or without intraparenchymal hematoma. Type III injuries consist of deep fractures, single or multiple, that extend into the hilum and involve major vessels. Type IV injuries are those in which the spleen is completely shattered, fragmented, or separated from its normal blood supply. Added to this is the subclassification A for splenic injuries without associated intra-abdominal injuries; B for splenic injuries with associated intra-abdominal injuries, B1 for injuries involving a solid viscus, B2 for injuries involving a hollow viscus; and E for splenic injuries with associated extra-abdominal injuries.
Mutations in the PTEN tumor suppressor gene in cervical carcinomas

Maxwell GL, Risinger JI, Shaw H, Alvarez A, Barrett JC, Futreal A, Berchuck A. Mutations in the PTEN tumor suppressor gene in cervical carcinomas. Int J Gynecol Cancer 1998; 8: 489–493. To elucidate further the molecular pathogenesis of cervical cancer we sought to determine whether mutations in the PTEN tumor suppressor gene are a feature of these cancers. Genomic DNA was extracted from 67 primary cervical cancers and 9 immortalized cervical cancer cell lines. Using the polymerase chain reaction, the nine exons and intronic splice sites of the PTEN gene were amplified using 11 primer pairs. Single strand conformation polymorphism analysis was used to screen for mutations in the PTEN gene and variant bands were subjected to DNA sequencing. The primary cancers were also tested for the presence of HPV DNA. Mutations in the PTEN gene were not detected in any of the immortalized cell lines, but sequence alterations were noted in 4/67 (6%) primary cervical cancers. Three mutations resulted in frameshifts that predict truncated protein products, including two cases in which we found an identical 4-base-pair deletion in codons 318–319. In addition, a one-base-pair insertion in codon 320 was seen in another case. Finally, a missense mutation (G143 A) was observed immediately adjacent to the catalytic site of the phosphatase domain in exon 5. In two cases with PTEN mutations in which corresponding normal DNA was available, loss of the wild type allele was demonstrated. There was no apparent relationship between the presence of a PTEN mutation and pathologic features or the presence of human papillomavirus DNA. Although mutations in the PTEN gene are found in only a small fraction of cervical cancers, alterations of this tumor suppressor gene may play a role in the development of some of these cancers.
Interligand Overhauser effects in type II dihydrofolate reductase.

R67 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a type II DHFR produced by bacteria as a resistance mechanism to the increased clinical use of the antibacterial drug trimethoprim. Type II DHFRs are not homologous in either sequence or structure with chromosomal DHFRs. The type II enzymes contain four identical subunits which form a homotetramer containing a single active site pore accessible from either end. Although the crystal structure of the complex of R67 DHFR with folate has been reported [Narayana et al. (1995) Nat. Struct. Biol. 2, 1018], the nature of the ternary complex which must form with substrate and cofactor is unclear. We have performed transferred NOE and interligand NOE (ILOE) studies to analyze the ternary complexes formed from NADP+ and folate in order to probe the structure of the ternary complex. Consistent with previous studies of the binary complex formed from another type II DHFR, the ribonicotinamide bond of NADP+ was found to adopt a syn conformation, while the adenosine moiety adopts an ...
Epidermoid cyst of the cecum of an elderly man with no previous history of surgery: a case report and review of literature.

Background: Pure, benign epidermoid cysts of the abdominal viscera are rare. There have been only four reports of epidermoid cysts of the cecum in the literature, two following appendectomies and attributed to the surgical procedure, and two in female patients, raising the possibility of dermoid cysts related to the ovaries. Patients and methods: We report the first case of epidermoid cyst of the cecum in an elderly man with no previous history of trauma or surgery, detected by computed tomography as an incidental finding of extraluminal cystic cecal mass. It was treated by partial colectomy. Pathologically the cyst was roughly spherical, extending from and expanding the serosal surface of the cecum with no communication through the muscularis wall. Histologically the inner lining of the cyst was composed of benign, mature, keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium with a well formed granular layer. No calcification, hair, teeth, or bone elements was detected. Results: The interesting finding in our case is the unusual anatomical location and the age and sex of the patient. The patient had no history of any abdominal surgical procedures. The most likely explanation for the presence and development of an epidermoid cyst in this location is the result of an aberrant ectodermal implantation during embryogenesis. Conclusion: Awareness of the possibility of the presence of epidermoid cysts in this area with distinctive radiological findings consistent with a well circumscribed benign cyst should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cysts within the abdomen.
Radiologic considerations in patients undergoing the Nuss procedure for correction of pectus excavatum

The Nuss procedure has succeeded in minimizing incisions, blood loss, sternal fracturing, operating room time, recovery time, and length of hospital stay. Knowledge of the pre- and postoperative radiologic considerations is essential in providing appropriate imaging support to the surgeons performing this innovative, minimally invasive procedure.
Undergraduate reflections on learning engineering design

Engineering students move through a wide array of experiences on their path to becoming an engineer. Based on semi-structured interviews of 121 engineering students, our qualitative analysis illuminates what students are communicating as important features of their learning of engineering design. We describe these accounts in terms of sources of learning, what lessons were learned, and how the learning occurs and is applied. Formal education in engineering (classes) featured prominently in student accounts of learning design, but students also credited non-engineering classes and many other kinds of learning experiences. This work suggests the educational value of reflecting on and communicating about learning experiences in engineering, and how educators might facilitate these activities.
Molecular basis for the glyphosate-insensitivity of the reaction of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase with shikimate

The shikimate pathway enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP synthase) has received attention in the past because it is the target of the broad-spectrum herbicide glyphosate. The natural substrate of EPSP synthase is shikimate-3-phosphate. However, this enzyme can also utilize shikimate as substrate. Remarkably, this reaction is insensitive to inhibition by glyphosate. Crystallographic analysis of EPSP synthase from Escherichia coli, in complex with shikimate/glyphosate at 1.5 A resolution, revealed that binding of shikimate induces changes around the backbone of the active site, which in turn impact the efficient binding of glyphosate. The implications from these findings with respect to the design of novel glyphosate-insensitive EPSP synthase enzymes are discussed.
Fibonacci Identities via the Determinant Sum Property

(2006). Fibonacci Identities via the Determinant Sum Property. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 286-289.
Voltage regulation in single-stage boost inverter for stand-alone applications

The voltage regulation for stand-alone three-phase single-stage boost inverter (SSBI) is presented in this paper. In three-phase SSBI, the voltage regulation is achieved by adjusting the boost ratio. The SSBI has been simulated for a wide range of input dc voltages and load levels. Moreover, the performance a 2kW 208/230V laboratory-scale three phase boost inverter is presented for both linear and non-linear loads. The voltage regulation is realized along with implementing the modified PPWM technique in which the charging time stays constant over each sector and staircase pattern is used for discharging states.
On Singular Values of Hankel Operators of Finite Rank

Abstract Let H be a Hankel operator defined by its symbol ϱ=π/χ, where χ is a monic polynomial of degree n and π is a polynomial of degree less than n . Then H has rank n . We derive a generalized Takagi singular value problem defined by two n x n matrices, such that its n generalized Takagi singular values are the positive singular values of H . If ϱ is real, then the generalized Takagi singular value problem reduces to a generalized symmetric eigenvalue problem. The computations can be carried out so that the Lanczos method applied to the latter problem requires only O ( n log n ) arithmetic operations for each iteration. If π and χ are given in power form, then the elements of all n x n matrices required can be determined in O ( n 2 ) arithmetic operations.
Maternal perceptions of deviance in child behavior as a function of stress and clinic versus nonclinic status of the child: An analogue study**

The purpose of this study was to examine how parents of clinic-referred and nonclinic children would rate a set of written vignettes that varied in level of stress inherent in the situation and type of child behavior (appropriate, neutral, inappropriate). It was hypothesized that the depicted stress level and clinic status would exert an influence primarily on ratings of child behavior that were neutral. Mothers of 10 young clinic-referred children and mothers of 10 young nonclinic children served as subjects. Each mother rated 12 vignettes. The results supported the primary hypotheses. Vignettes which presented neutral child behavior were rated as more deviant in situations that were inherently highly stressful than those that were less stressful. In addition, mothers of clinic children rated neutral behavior as more deviant relative to mothers of nonclinic children. The results were discussed in terms of the salience of stress on perceptions of deviance as the ambiguity of the child's behavior increases, and the need for a more naturalistic replication of this analogue study.
Discrete univariate random variate generation

Most of the early research done in random variate generation is in the area of continuous distributions. Not until 1979 was research published on exact, uniformly fast discrete univariate random variate generation. Since then the state of the art of discrete univariate random variate generation has been advanced steadily, and exact, uniformly fast algorithms are now available for Poisson, binomial, hypergeometric and negative binomial distributions. This paper surveys the algorithms for these commonly used univariate discrete distributions. Timing comparisons of some of the algorithms are presented along with the references of recent papers. A copy of the visual aids is also given.
Working in the Garden Environment for Conceptual Programming

Program designers use a variety of techniques when creating their systems. This automated design system conforms to the programmer.
CD63 associates with CD11/CD18 in large detergent-resistant complexes after translocation to the cell surface in human neutrophils1

CD63 antibody binding to the neutrophil surface triggers a transient activation signal that regulates the adhesive activity and surface expression of CD11/CD18. Gel permeation chromatography demonstrated that all of the cell surface CD11/CD18 associated with CD63 eluted in the void volume, indicating that they were present in large detergent-resistant complexes. In contrast, the majority of the total cellular CD63, CD11 and CD18, which are largely intracellular, was not present in complexes. The data suggest that intracellular CD11, CD18 and CD63 are not in detergent-resistant complexes, but enter such complexes following translocation to the cell surface.
The biochemical basis for structural diversity in the carotenoids of chlorophototrophic bacteria

Ongoing work has led to the identification of most of the biochemical steps in carotenoid biosynthesis in chlorophototrophic bacteria. In carotenogenesis, a relatively small number of modifications leads to a great diversity of carotenoid structures. This review examines the individual steps in the pathway, discusses how each contributes to structural diversity among carotenoids, and summarizes recent progress in elucidating the biosynthetic pathways for carotenoids in chlorophototrophs.
Investigation of a computer virus outbreak in the pharmacy of a tertiary care teaching hospital.

Objective: A computer virus outbreak was recognized, verified, defined, investigated, and controlled using an infection control approach. The pathogenesis and epidemiology of computer virus infection are reviewed. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Pharmacy of a tertiary care teaching institution. Results: On October 28, 1991, 2 personal computers in the drug information center manifested symptoms consistent with the “Jerusalem” virus infection. The same day, a departmental personal computer began playing ‘Yankee Doodle,” a sign of “Doodle” virus infection. An investigation of all departmental personal computers identified the “Stoned” virus in an additional personal computer. Controls were functioning virus-free personal computers within the department. Cases were associated with users who brought diskettes from outside the department (5/5 cases versus 5/13 controls, p = .04) and with College of Pharmacy student users (3/5 cases versus 0/13 controls, p = .012). The detection of a virus-infected diskette or personal computer was associated with the number of 5 1/4-inch diskettes in the files of personal computers, a surrogate for rate of media exchange (mean= 17.4 versus 152.5, p = .018, Wilcoxon rank sum test). After education of departmental personal computer users regarding appropriate computer hygiene and installation of virus protection software, no further spread of personal computer viruses occurred, although 2 additional Stoned-infected and 1 Jerusalem-infected diskettes were detected. Conclusions: We recommend that virus detection software be installed on personal computers where the interchange of diskettes among computers is necessary, that write-protect tabs be placed on all program master diskettes and data diskettes where data are being read and not written, that in the event of a computer virus outbreak, all available diskettes be quarantined and scanned by virus detection software, and to facilitate quarantine and scanning in an outbreak, that diskettes be stored in organized files.
Effects of thermoplastic additives on the cure of unsaturated polyester resins

Thermoplastic additives tend to promote the phase separation during the reaction of unsaturated polyester resins. Consequently, they reduce the amount of shrinkage during curing. Several thermoplastic additives which resulted in significant different microstructure of cured resins were investigated. The effects of microstr acture formation on the sol-gel transition, reaction kinetics, and gelation time were studied. The mechanism of microstructure formation and causes of macro-gelation were explained by the influence of thermoplastic additives on the particle formation rate and inter-particle reaction rate during curing.