cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modelling the Growth of Acidothermus cellulolyticus

Mathematical models of organism growth help in designing and scaling-up bioreactors and in predicting how microorganisms will respond to changes in growth conditions so that an appropriate process control system can be devised Models also guide the analysis of experimental data and help in understanding biochemical growth mechanisms. Filamentous organisms which form pellets can be modelled using a cube root model or a modified logistic model. The cube root model allows detecting lag phases and stationary phases easily. The modified logistic model is a versatile model which can be used to model the entire growth cycle and which includes an adjustable inflection point for the rapid growth period These two models were tested by studying the growth of Acidothermus cellulolyticus in glucose and cellulose media in batch culture. The pH was maintained at 5.3 and the temperature was controlled at 45, 55, or 65°C. Cell biomass was determined by protein assay. The biomass productivity for the growth in a batch process shows that 55°C is the optimum temperature for biomass productivity. The growth data were used to evaluate the model parameters for the two models.
The Business of Pleasure: The Life Writings of Lady Vane and Madame de La Touche

This chapter refines the literary history of how the “scandalous memoirs” crystallized in England in the mid-eighteenth century. Scholars have previously noted the innovations of Teresia Constantia Phillips’s Apology (1748–1749) and Laetitia Pilkington’s Memoirs (1748–1754). I highlight the contributions of two friends whose life writings preceded, intersected with, and departed from these memoirs. One was Madame de La Touche, whose short Apologie (1736) circulated in manuscript before its publication in English as the Appeal (1741); the other was Frances, Lady Vane, who shared an account of her husband’s abuse before publishing her memoirs in Tobias Smollett’s novel The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle (1751). Together, their memoirs provided an alternative model for later memoirists in their shared themes, strategies, and objectives.
Circumcision bleeding complications: neonatal intensive care infants compared to those in the normal newborn nursery.

Purpose: To determine if a significant difference exists in the bleeding complications following circumcision in neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) versus the normal newborn n...
Abstract P96: Pacemaker Reutilization is a Safe and Effective Means of Delivering Electrophysiological Healthcare in Third World Countries a Meta-Analysis

Background: The inequality of healthcare between rich and poor countries appears to be escalating. Several small studies have suggested that pacemaker reutilization is an effective means of delivering healthcare for those with limited resources. This meta-analysis sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of pacemaker reuse. Methods: We searched medical databases from January 1 st 1975 to July 1 st 2009 for studies that compared pacemaker reuse with a control population of new device implantation. Random-effects models were used to calculate summary odds ratios (OR). The primary endpoint was overall complication rate. Results: A total of 4 trials enrolling 603 subjects were integrated into this analysis. Compared to new pacemaker implantation, reutilization of previously implanted devices were not associated with a significant increase in overall complications (OR 0.98 [0.64 - 1.49]; p= 0.914). Furthermore, there was no increased risk of infection (OR 0.81 [0.41 - 1.62]; p=0.552), physiological complications (OR 1.06 [0.54 - 2.07]; p= 0.868), or device malfunction (OR 1.29 [0.51 - 3.29]; p=0.590). Device-related deaths were observed in neither group. Conclusions: Pacemaker reutilization, when compared to new device implantation, is not associated with higher rates of infection, physiological malfunction, or device malfunction. Pacemaker reuse is a safe, efficacious, and ethical alternative to address the medical needs for those in 3 rd world countries who could not afford therapy otherwise.
The Feasibility of Constructing Profiles of Native Americans From the People of Color Racial Identity Attitude Scale: A Brief Report

One hundred and fifty Lumbee Native American college students participated in an inves-tigation of the feasibility of constructing profiles of Native Americans from the People of Color Racial Identity Attitude Scale (PRIAS; Helms, 1995b). Findings suggest that Helms’s instrument may be feasible for constructing racial identity attitudes of Native Americans.
Megakaryocyte ontogeny: Clinical and molecular significance

Fetal megakaryocytes (Mks) differ from adult Mks in key parameters that affect their capacity for platelet production. However, despite being smaller, more proliferative, and less polyploid, fetal Mks generally mature in the same manner as adult Mks. The phenotypic features unique to fetal Mks predispose patients to several disease conditions, including infantile thrombocytopenia, infantile megakaryoblastic leukemias, and poor platelet recovery after umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantations. Ontogenic Mk differences also affect new strategies being developed to address global shortages of platelet transfusion units. These donor-independent, ex vivo production platforms are hampered by the limited proliferative capacity of adult-type Mks and the inferior platelet production by fetal-type Mks. Understanding the molecular programs that distinguish fetal versus adult megakaryopoiesis will help in improving approaches to these clinical problems. This review summarizes the phenotypic differences between fetal and adult Mks, the disease states associated with fetal megakaryopoiesis, and recent advances in the understanding of mechanisms that determine ontogenic Mk transitions.
Psychotropic Polypharmacy Among Youths With Serious Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Receiving Coordinated Care Services.

Objective:The study examined differences in psychotropic polypharmacy among youths with serious emotional and behavioral disorders who received coordinated care services (CCS) that used a wraparound model and a matched sample of youths who received traditional services.Methods:A quasi-experimental design compared psychotropic polypharmacy one year before and one year after discharge from CCS. The cohort was youths with serious emotional and behavioral disorders who were enrolled in CCS from December 2009 through May 2014. The comparison group was youths with serious emotional and behavioral disorders who received outpatient mental health services during the same time. Administrative data from Medicaid, child welfare, and juvenile justice services were used. A difference-in-difference analysis with propensity score matching evaluated the CCS intervention by time effect on psychotropic polypharmacy.Results:In both groups, most youths were male, black, and 10–18 years old, with attention-deficit hyperactivit...
Phase-field approach for stress- and temperature-induced phase transformations that satisfies lattice instability conditions. Part 2. simulations of phase transformations Si I↔ Si II

Abstract A complete system of equations of the advanced phase-field theory for martensitic phase transformations (PTs) under a general stress tensor is presented. Theory includes a fully geometrically nonlinear formulation for the general case of finite elastic and transformational strains as well as anisotropic and different elastic properties of phases. Material parameters are calibrated, in particular, based on the crystal lattice instability conditions from atomistic simulations for martensitic PTs between cubic Si I and tetragonal Si II phases under complex triaxial compression-tension loading. A finite element algorithm and numerical procedure is developed and implemented in the code deal.II. Various 3D problems on lattice instabilities and following nanostructure evolution in single-crystal silicon are solved for compression in one direction under lateral stresses and analyzed. Strong effects of the stress states and local stress hysteresis on the interface width and nanostructure evolution are presented. In particular, the interface width diverges when lateral stress tends to the region in which instability stresses for direct and reverse PTs coincide. Direct and reverse transformations both occur in the unique homogeneous way without hysteresis, energy dissipation, and damage due to internal elastic stresses. Stress fields within a sample and especially within interfaces are determined and their effect on the nanostructure evolution is analyzed. Problems with definition of the elastic interfacial tension (stress) are analyzed. It is demonstrated that the instability stresses for initiation of the PTs are independent of the prescribed stress measure; however, this does not mean that PT will be completed at such stresses.
Stretch in Bottleneck Games

In bottleneck congestion games the social cost is the worst congestion (bottleneck) on any resource, and each player selfishly minimizes the worst resource congestion in its strategy. We examine the price of anarchy with respect to the stretch which is a measure of variation in the resource utilization in the strategy sets of the players. The stretch is particularly important in routing problems since it compares the chosen path lengths with the respective shortest path lengths. We show that the price of anarchy in general bottleneck games is bounded by O(sm), where s is the stretch and m is the total number of resources. In linear bottleneck games, where the resource latencies are linearly proportional to the players’ workloads, the price of anarchy is improved to \(O(\sqrt{s m})\). These bounds are asymptotically tight. For constant stretch linear games we obtain a \(\Theta(\sqrt m)\) improvement over the previously best known bound.
Micro-Wear of Tapered Roller Bearings Lubricated by Oil With and Without Foreign Particles

Tapered roller bearings were rotated with clean oil and with contaminated oil which contained a tiny amount of small hard particles. To evaluate minute wear at the contact, the change of surface profile at the same location was measured with a re-location technique. With clean oil, a running-in phenomenon was observed but with contaminated oil, the volume of wear continued to increase during entire test. Wear volume showed good correlation with P V value considering initial A.
Algorithm Design and Optimization for Sensor Systems: (Invited Talk).

Distributed collaborative computation will play a key role in next generation of smart sensor systems. Till now, most research has focused upon development of networking protocols and simple data aggregation algorithms to facilitate robust communication and localized processing in sensor systems. One of the key challenges involved in realizing future sensor systems is design of efficient and scalable algorithms to facilitate large scale collaborative computation in such networks. In the state-of-the-art, partitioning of computation tasks among nodes, nodelevel optimization, and data routing is done in an ad-hoc, largely empirical manner. While this does not necessarily result in inferior designs, it does require the application developer to be aware of the details of the underlying node hardware, networking paradigms, and their performance. We believe that next logical step in the evolution of networked wireless sensor systems is to develop computation models and programming abstractions to complement the existing body research. A layer of abstraction from an algorithm design perspective is needed to provide the end user with a modular, layered, composable paradigm to design and optimize networked sensor systems. In this talk, we discuss various issues in addressing the following questions:
Genetic engineering of bacteria and their potential for Hg2+ bioremediation

Ion exchange or biosorptive processes for metalremoval generally lack specificity in metal bindingand are sensitive to ambient conditions, e.g. pH,ionic strength and the presence of metal chelators. Inthis study, cells of a genetically engineered Escherichia coli strain, JM109, which expressesmetallothionein and a Hg2+ transport system afterinduction were evaluated for their selectivity forHg2+ accumulation in the presence of sodium,magnesium, or cadmium ions and their sensitivity to pHor the presence of metal chelators during Hg2+bioaccumulation. The genetically engineered E.coli cells in suspension accumulated Hg2+effectively at low concentrations (0-20 µM) overa broad range of pH (3 to 11). The presence of 400 mMsodium chloride, 200 mM magnesium chloride, or100 µM cadmium ions did not have a significanteffect on the bioaccumulation of 5 µm Hg2+,indicating that this process is not sensitive to highionic strength and is highly selective against sodium,magnesium, or cadmium ions. Metal chelators usuallyinterfere with ion exchange or biosorptive processes.However, two common metal chelators, EDTA and citrate,had no significant effect on Hg2+ bioaccumulationby the genetically engineered strain. These resultssuggest that this E. coli strain could be usedfor selective removal of Hg2+ from waste water orfrom contaminated solutions which are resistant tocommon treatments. A second potential applicationwould be to remove Hg2+ from Hg2+-contaminated soil, sediment, or particulates bywashing them with a Hg2+ chelator andregenerating the chelator by passing the solutionthrough a reactor containing the strain.
Atmosphere Control During Preparation of YBa2Cu3O7−x Magnet Windings

Large coils of YBa2Cu3O7−x can be fired successfully if the furnace atmosphere is carefully controlled. Organics added during processing produce CO2 during the initial portions of the firing schedule. Transmission electron microscopy of material fired in atmospheres containing various levels of CO2 clearly shows the extent of grain boundary degradation caused by CO2. Coils with acceptable critical current density can be produced if the rate of CO2 removal is adequate.
The Disappearance of the Forward Premium Puzzle in Short Horizons

This paper examines the forward premium puzzle based on the most recent data for different horizons. The paper finds that the well-known puzzle disappears in short horizons, such as one day, but continues to exist in medium horizons such as one week or one month. This finding is proved to be robust relative to different time periods, transaction costs, and both the sign and the high persistency of the forward premium. This new finding also suggests that information integration and expectations formation in the foreign exchange market are potentially the most promising directions to approximate the ultimate solution to the puzzle.
Positive People and Negative Practices: Mediating Role of Moral Disengagement on Unethical Behavior

The ethics literature has identified a number of factors that influence an individual’s decision to engage in unethical behaviors. This study extends previous research related to the ethical decisi...
Clinical Features and Treatment of Down Syndrome Arthropathy: Experience from Two US Tertiary Hospitals

Arthropathy of Down syndrome (DA) is largely under-recognized, with an average 2-year delay in diagnosis. Most patients present with polyarthritis, and treatment has historically been challenging. Our objective was to investigate the clinical features and treatment of DA in the largest cohort reported to date. In a retrospective chart review at two tertiary care hospitals, International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision, clinical modification (ICD-9-CM) codes for Down syndrome (DS) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 2015, were identified and charts reviewed. In total, 43 patients were identified, with an average (± standard deviation [SD]) follow-up period of 6 ± 4.4 years. The average age of symptom onset was 7.4 ± 3.9 years, with a mean delay of 19 ± 17 months from symptom onset to diagnosis. At diagnosis, 77% of patients had morning stiffness and 72% had abnormal laboratory values; there was an average of 15 ± 13 active joints (range 1–56). Treatment approaches varied, and there was a significant decrease in joints with active arthritis (p < 0.001), with 25% and 39% having at least one change in disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) and biologic therapy, respectively. DMARD therapy was discontinued in 60% because of side effects, and 39% had inadequate response to first-line biologic therapy. DA remains under-recognized, with delays in diagnosis and extensive musculoskeletal symptoms at presentation. While DA can improve with current therapy for JIA (corticosteroids, DMARDs, biologics), barriers include medication toxicity, intolerance, and ineffectiveness. Earlier diagnosis through improved screening and more targeted treatment may allow for earlier disease control and better outcomes.
Evidence for terahertz acoustic phonon parametric oscillator based on acousto-optic degenerate four-wave mixing in a silicon doping superlattice

We report evidence for a 1.0-THz self-starting mirrorless acoustic phonon parametric oscillator (MAPPO) produced from acousto-optic phase-conjugate degenerate four-wave (D4WM) mixing in a THz laser-pumped silicon doping superlattice (DSL). The DSL was grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a (100) boron-doped silicon substrate. A superconducting NbTiN subwavelength grating was used to couple the THz laser radiation into the DSL. Superconducting granular aluminum bolometric detection, coupled with Si:B piezophonon spectroscopy, revealed excitation of THz coherent compressional and shear waves, along the $\ensuremath{\langle}111\ensuremath{\rangle}$ direction only. The Bragg scattering condition for distributed feedback, and the energy conservation requirement for the D4WM process, were both verified. A THz MAPPO could provide a test bed for studies of nonclassical acoustic phonon fields.
Multiscale computational models of cancer

Abstract Cancer is an inherently multiscale process, wherein genetic lesions at the sub-nuclear level propagate to changes in intracellular biochemistry, cell-level behaviors, and ultimately to tissue-scale interactions that are also partially controlled by tumor cell-extrinsic aspects of the microenvironment. As computational modeling methodologies across those scales have improved, so too has our ability to embrace fully the multiscale nature of cancer in developing models to predict key aspects of tumor development, diagnosis, and response to therapy. The explosion of studies to understand the origins and effects of cell-to-cell heterogeneity in tumors has provided impetus for the development of multiscale models capable of predicting dynamics in systems where spatial heterogeneities exist. Here, we summarize recent progress and developments in this field.
Memory and Logic soft error improvement using phase transition material assisted transistors

Phase transition Material (PTM) assisted logic and SRAM bitcells have been proposed with improved soft error tolerance. The large insulating resistance of PTM hinders the propagation of glitches to subsequent stages thereby improving the immunity to radiation strikes. Also, the abrupt switching to metallic phase minimizes the delay penalty thereby offering an optimized solution. We present a detailed PTM parameter optimization for optimum soft error performance. We also quantify the improvement in the Soft Error Tolerance of logic and 6T SRAM bit cell configuration.
Al-Sanhuri on Riba (Translation of Excerpt from Abdul-Razzaq Al-Sanhuri's Sources of Rights in Islamic Jurisprudence)

The body of this paper is a translation of the last section (vol. 3, pp. 124–174) of a three-volume book based on lectures that Dr. Al-Sanhu r i delivered to law students in 1953-4. This version was published by Da r Ihya Al-Tura th Al- Arabi, Beirut, 1997.
Impact of an Interprofessional Collaborative Quality Improvement Initiative to Decrease Inappropriate Thyroid Function Testing.

Background: Published data show that thyroid function laboratory tests are often ordered inappropriately in the acute care setting, which leads to unnecessary costs and inappropriate therapy decisi...
Complete bibliographic data, cluster assignments and combined citation network of emergency response operations research extant literature

The Emergency Response Operations Management (EROM) Literature Sample is a collection of 644 papers winnowed from over 5,000 related articles through application of a binary classification tree, collecting the state-of-the-art in decision models of emergencies in progress. References are scraped from each of these 644 publications, to create a dataset describing a total of 14,821 papers linked by 23,175 citation relationships, the analysis of which is presented in, "Modeling Emergency Response Operations: A Theory Building Survey" in Computers and Operations Research[1]. Bibliographic research communities are identified within the data set by framing the task of network partitioning as a cluster ensemble problem from machine learning [2]. This data may be used in several ways, including as an extended reference section for [1], as all 644 papers studied could not be individually cited there. Other examples of potential reuse are further study of a particular research cluster, comparative study of the structural characteristics of this bibliographic network with literature in other fields, and as a test-bed for the further development of robust clustering algorithms.
Reversible cross-linked polymeric micelles for drug delivery

Abstract Biocompatible polymeric nanocarriers can improve the solubility of many toxic anticancer drugs, prolong the in vivo drug circulation time, and allow preferential accumulation of the drugs at the tumor sites via the enhanced permeability and retention effect. To maximize the stability of the nanocarrier and minimize premature drug release during circulation, intraparticle or intramicellar cross-links can be introduced. In this chapter, we will summarize the development of reversibly cross-linked polymeric nanocarriers for on-demand drug release in response to single or multiple stimuli at the tumor microenvironment.
Hunting and Gathering of Texts: Exploring Chinua Achebe’s Textual Footprints in American Institutions

The idea of searching for Achebe’s footprint while at the same time focusing on him as an African writer enables us to explore the textual layers of his works; it gives us room to interrogate the ongoing humanization project of Africans in American schools.This chapter follows the footprints of Achebe’s works across disciplines. It concludes that the works of Achebe cannot be restricted to just the study of literary styles, genre, or narratology. They now lend themselves to other disciplines where clarity of thought is the essence and systematic balanced views as counter positions are imperative.
Consistent Force Field Captures Homolog Resolved HP1 Phase Separation

Abstract Many proteins have been shown to function via liquid-liquid phase separation. Computational modeling could offer much needed structural details of protein condensates and reveal the set of molecular interactions that dictate their stability. However, the presence of both ordered and disordered domains in these proteins places a high demand on the model accuracy. Here, we present an algorithm to derive a coarse-grained force field, MOFF, that can model both ordered and disordered proteins with consistent accuracy. It combines maximum entropy biasing, least-squares fitting, and basic principles of energy landscape theory to ensure that MOFF recreates experimental radii of gyration while predicting the folded structures for globular proteins with lower energy. The theta temperature determined from MOFF separates ordered and disordered proteins at 300 K and exhibits a strikingly linear relationship with amino acid sequence composition. We further applied MOFF to study the phase behavior of HP1, an essential protein for posttranslational modification and spatial organization of chromatin. The force field successfully resolved the structural difference of two HP1 homologs, despite their high sequence similarity. We carried out large scale simulations with hundreds of proteins to determine the critical temperature of phase separation and uncover multivalent interactions that stabilize higher-order assemblies. In all, our work makes significant methodological strides to connect theories of ordered and disordered proteins and provides a powerful tool for studying liquid-liquid phase separation with near-atomistic details.
Scaling of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Settled Solids from Multiple Wastewater Treatment Plants to Compare Incidence Rates of Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 in Their Sewersheds

Published and unpublished reports show that SARS-CoV-2 RNA in publicly owned treatment work (POTW) wastewater influent and solids is associated with new COVID-19 cases or incidence in associated sewersheds, but methods for comparing data collected from diverse POTWs to infer information about the relative incidence of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, and scaling to allow such comparisons, have not been previously established Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 N1 and N2 concentrations in solids normalized by concentrations of PMMoV RNA in solids can be used to compare incidence of laboratory confirmed new COVID-19 cases across POTWs Using data collected at seven POTWs along the United States West Coast, Midwest, and East Coast serving ∼3% of the U S population (9 million people), we show that a 1 log change in N gene/PMMoV is associated with a 0 24 (range 0 19 to 0 29) log10 change in incidence of laboratory confirmed COVID-19 Scaling of N1 and N2 by PMMoV is consistent, conceptually, with a mass balance model relating SARS-CoV-2 RNA to the number of infected individuals shedding virus in their stool This information should support the application of wastewater-based epidemiology to inform the response to the COVID-19 pandemic and potentially future viral pandemics ©
Fragmenting Feminine-Athletic Identities: Identity Turning Points During Girls’ Transition into High School:

This study employed a turning point analysis to document events that influence the development of athletic identities in female athletes transitioning into high school. All participants (N = 28), b...
Subcontinental Nuclear Instability: The Spiralling Nightmare

The scheme that carved out world order during the Cold War was a pitched battle for “containment” against burgeoning communism. In turn, rationality gave way to the threat of catastrophic nuclear force as the basis of stability. If there is an historical lesson to be learned from that experience, it is that stability begins with serious and sustained dialogue among leadership—the alternative being what John F. Kennedy termed "the peace of the grave." An appraisal of the contemporary global state of nuclear affairs suggests that the three pillars of nuclear stability—non-proliferation, control of fissile material production, and transparency of nuclear arsenals—are wobbly. In the absence of global support for these pillars, the answer may lie in reconstituting a framework for detente.
Bedside percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. A safe alternative for early nutritional support in critically ill trauma patients.

Background: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a good alternative that provides long-term nutritional support and is associated with minimal morbidity. Methods: During a 24-month period, we studied 54 critically injured patients who underwent early PEG to provide enteral nutritional support. Patients were selected due to the inability to tolerate intake by mouth secondary to multiple associated injuries, especially to the central nervous system. Results: All patients sustained multiple injuries with an average Injury Severity Score of 27. The mean Glasgow Coma Scale at the time of admission was 7 and at the time of the PEG was 10. Eleven patients (20%) had an intracranial pressure (ICP) device, and there was no significant increase in the mean ICP before, during, or after the procedure. In 63% of patients, tube feedings were interrupted for a variety of problems in the 72 h preceding the PEG, and in 70% of patients an average of five radiographs were obtained to document tube position. In 95% of patients, the nutritional goal was achieved within 48 h of PEG placement. There were one immediate and two delayed complications after PEG placement. There were two deaths, neither related to the PEG placement. Conclusions: Early PEG in critically injured patients is a safe and effective method of providing access to the GI tract for nutritional support. In patients with significant brain injuries, adequate sedation and the presence of an ICP monitor help to minimize secondary insults to the brain.
Abstract T MP92: Variation of Blood Pressure Response of Antihypertensive Agents in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH)

Objectives: Elevated blood pressure (BP) in ICH often requires urgent treatment. Prior studies have shown racial-ethnic differences in response to chronic antihypertensive treatment. Racial-ethnic differences and specific locations of ICH may impact the response to acute antihypertensive treatment (aHTN) in ICH. The aim of this study was to analyze variation of response to aHTN drugs by race-ethnicity and location of ICH. Methods: We included individuals recruited through the Ethnic/Racial Variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage study with elevated BP on presentation and received labetalol, nicardipine, or hydralazine as the initial aHTN or who received no treatment despite elevated BP. We excluded individuals treated with multiple aHTN, treated with other aHTN, or lacking documentation of dose. The primary outcome measure was mmHg change in BP per 10 mg of drug administered. Changes in BP were tested using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: A total of 1153 cases were available for analyses (35% white, 3...
The possibilities of ideas

Judith Goldstein and Robert O. Keohane, eds. Ideas and Foreign Policy: Beliefs, Institutions, and Political Change. Ithaca: Cornell Unviersity Press, 1993. 308 pp./$14.95 paper. Peter Katzenstein, ed. Culture and Security. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996. 560 pp./$49.50 doth; $17.50 paper.
The abnormal pupil in Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Case report.

✓ Cheyne-Stokes respiration commonly induces a rhythmic pupillary dilatation during hyperpnea and constriction during apnea. Failure of a pupil to dilate during hyperventilation indicates underlying sympathetic nerve paralysis. This report deals with an instance in which one pupil failed to constrict during apnea due to oculomotor nerve compression. The periodic respirations and anisocoria disappeared following surgical evacuation of a large ipsilateral subdural hematoma.
Direct free fatty acid storage in different sized adipocytes from the same depot.

Objective Human adipocytes take up free fatty acids (FFA) directly from the circulation, even at times of high lipolytic activity. Whether these processes occurs simultaneously within the same cells or are partitioned between different cells, for example large and small cells, is unknown. Methods The direct FFA storage in subcutaneous fat in 13 adults were measured using a continuous infusion of [U-13C]palmitate and a bolus of [1-14C]palmitate followed 30 min later by abdominal and femoral adipose biopsies. The adipocytes were isolated by digestion procedures and separated into small, medium and large populations by differential floatation. Results Populations of adipocytes were isolated that were statistically and clinically (∼3 fold different) in size. Adipocyte lipid SA was not different between small, medium and large cells, therefore, FFA storage per unit lipid was not different. However, FFA storage rates were significantly (two to four times) greater per cell in large than small cells (P < 0.005). In summary, relative to lipid content, FFA storage rates are not different in large and small adipocytes, however, large cells have greater storage rates per cell. Conclusions This suggests that the processes of FFA release and storage are taking place simultaneously in adipocytes.
Conclusions: Nationalisms and Post-coloniality

Robert Heine-Geldern’s “Conceptions of State and Kingship in Southeast Asia” is the most influential study of religion, the state and political authority in the region ever written. In just fifteen pages he established a paradigm that has guided the work of generations of scholars for more than 60 years. He was concerned primarily with the ways in which classical Hindu and Buddhist states were constituted as cosmic models, or what Eliade would refer to later as the “replication of archetypes.” It is as relevant for the analysis of state-religion relationships in traditional Southeast Asian Muslim states as it is for that of Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms.
Component Model of Reading Comprehension for Adult Education Participants

The following insights into the reading skills of 312 participants in adult basic and secondary education programs are based on a principal components analysis of reading components’ contributions to variance in reading comprehension. Overall, 75% of variance was explained by four composite variables representing word skills, language comprehension, memory, and fluency errors (which was nonsignificant). Differences existed in the degree to which the three significant components contributed to variance by adults’ functional reading level. These differences demonstrate a progression in which lowest ability readers seem to primarily draw on word skills and secondarily on memory, mid-level readers begin to integrate language comprehension skills with word reading and memory, and better readers engage in a balance of all three skills and abilities, yet remain below the 25th percentile in reading comprehension. Intervention developers and instructors are encouraged to not view this population as homogeneous but...
Anisotropic filtering on normal field and curvature tensor field using optimal estimation theory

In this paper, we study the problem of mesh denoising for improving the single pass surface estimation on normals and curvature tensors. We focus mainly on the engineering objects represented as dense triangle meshes. In particular, a two run nonlinear diffusion algorithm based on optimal estimation theory is proposed to adoptively filter out the undesired discontinuities introduced by noise while preserving the underlying features. We show that the proposed filter can successfully improve the local surface estimates while preserving the desired features in terms of tangential and curvature discontinuities.
The stochastic behavior of common stock variances : value, leverage and interest rate effects

Abstract This paper examines the relation between the variance of equity returns and several explanatory variables. It is found that equity variances have a strong positive association with both financial leverage and, contrary to the predictions of the options literature, interest rates. To a substantial degree, the negative elasticity of variance with respect to value of equity that is part of market folklore is found to be attributable to financial leverage. A maximum likehood estimator is developed for this elasticity that is substantially more efficient than extant estimation procedures.
Lattice parameters of ferromagnetic DO3-structured iron-aluminum-silicon alloys

Abstract The room temperature lattice parameters of DO3 ordered Fe3AlxSi1−x and of Fe73AlxSi27−x alloys vary in smooth but non-linear fashions with respect to composition. In the case of the Fe3AlxSi1−x alloys the magnitude and direction of the deviation from linearity is consistent with a variation in the degree of order with composition. New values are reported for the lattice parameters of the commercial alloy Sendust and for Alsifer 32.
Unichain coverings in partial orders with the nested saturation property

Abstract The theory of saturated chain partitions of partial orders is applied to the minimum unichain covering problem in the product of partial orders (posets). Define the nested saturation property for a poset to be the existence of a sequence of chain partitions C 1, C 2,... such that C k is k- and k + 1-saturated and the elements on chains of size at most k in C k contain the elements on chains of size at most (k − 1) in C k-1. For the product of two posets P and Q with the nested saturation property, a unichain covering is constructed of size Σ ΔPkΔQk, where dPk is the size of the largest k-family in P and Δk = dk − dk−1. This is applied to prove that the largest semiantichain and smallest unichain covering have the same size for products of a special class of posets.
The $\Delta^0_2$-Spectrum of a Linear Order

Slaman and Wehner have constructed structures which distinguish the computable Turing degree 0 from the noncomputable degrees, in the sense that the spectrum of each structure consists precisely of the noncomputable degrees. Downey has asked if this can be done for an ordinary type of structure such as a linear order. We show that there exists a linear order whose spectrum includes every noncomputable degree, but not 0. Since our argument requires the technique of permitting below a set, we include a detailed explantion of the mechanics and intuition behind this type of permitting.
Determination of cortical bone porosity and pore size distribution using a low field pulsed NMR approach

The objective of this study was first to prove the concept of a low field pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) process for assessing the cortical porosity and pore size distribution of human bone in vitro, and then to apply the technique to detect age-related changes of bone in these parameters. The Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill NMR spin echo train method is used to determine the porosity, and an inversion NMR spin-spin relaxation (T(2)) spectrum is used to assess the pore size distribution in cortical bone. Using these techniques, cortical porosity and pore size distribution of 19 specimens of human cadaveric bone, ranging from 16 to 89 years of age, were assessed. The NMR results were compared with the histomorphometric data of the same bone samples to verify the efficacy of the NMR approach. Moreover, a coefficient (surface relaxivity) relating the pore size to the T(2) relaxation time was determined empirically for the Haversian canals and the osteocytic lacunae. The results of this study demonstrate that the in vitro NMR approach using T(2) relaxation techniques can directly assess the porosity and pore size distribution (Haversian canals and osteocytic lacunae) in human cortical bone. In addition, this study indicates that the age-related changes in cortical porosity relate predominantly to Haversian canals, whereas the porosity of osteocytic lacunae appears to be independent of age.
Three-dimensional target recognition from fusion of dense range and intensity images

This paper describes an approach of feature extraction from range and intensity data for three- dimensional model-based target recognition systems. The range image of the object under study is acquired using a methodology based on a passive stereo-vision model. A coarse to fine strategy is used to explore the features in the images, and cepstral analysis provides information about disparities between corresponding areas at each step. The surfaces of the 3- D target recovered from the passive stereo-vision model are represented by aspect graphs which are used in vector form as the input for a neural network classifier.
A Study to Estimate the Number of Active Particles in CMP

To improve yield rates during integrated circuit fabrication a better understanding of the material removal process during CMP is sought. Many material removal models have been generated to predict the material removal rate (MRR) during CMP. The majority of such models estimate that the MRR is equal to the material removed by a single particle multiplied by the total number of particles contributing to the wear process. Particles contributing to the wear process are known as ‘active particles’. Several authors have proposed analytical models to estimate this quantity. This work introduces a new method for estimating the number of active particles in CMP by deducing it from the polish results of a multi-physics CMP model. By employing the particle-augmented mixed lubrication model (PAML) developed by Terrell and Higgs (2008), it is possible to determine the number of active particles in CMP. The predictions of PAML are compared with two popular analytical approaches which have been commonly used to predict the number of active particles during CMP.
SoftSearch: integration of multiple sequence features to identify breakpoints of structural variations.

BACKGROUND Structural variation (SV) represents a significant, yet poorly understood contribution to an individual's genetic makeup. Advanced next-generation sequencing technologies are widely used to discover such variations, but there is no single detection tool that is considered a community standard. In an attempt to fulfil this need, we developed an algorithm, SoftSearch, for discovering structural variant breakpoints in Illumina paired-end next-generation sequencing data. SoftSearch combines multiple strategies for detecting SV including split-read, discordant read-pair, and unmated pairs. Co-localized split-reads and discordant read pairs are used to refine the breakpoints. RESULTS We developed and validated SoftSearch using real and synthetic datasets. SoftSearch's key features are 1) not requiring secondary (or exhaustive primary) alignment, 2) portability into established sequencing workflows, and 3) is applicable to any DNA-sequencing experiment (e.g. whole genome, exome, custom capture, etc.). SoftSearch identifies breakpoints from a small number of soft-clipped bases from split reads and a few discordant read-pairs which on their own would not be sufficient to make an SV call. CONCLUSIONS We show that SoftSearch can identify more true SVs by combining multiple sequence features. SoftSearch was able to call clinically relevant SVs in the BRCA2 gene not reported by other tools while offering significantly improved overall performance.
In Vivo and In Vitro Debromination of Decabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE 209) by Juvenile Rainbow Trout and Common Carp

Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209), the major congener in the high volume industrial flame retardant mixture “DecaBDE”, has recently been shown to be metabolized by carp. To further explore this phe...
Isotope‐ratio detection for gas chromatography

Instrumentation and methods exist for highly precise analyses of the stable-isotopic composition of organic compounds separated by GC. The general approach combines a conventional GC, a chemical reaction interface, and a specialized isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). Most existing GC hardware and methods are amenable to isotope-ratio detection. The interface continuously and quantitatively converts all organic matter, including column bleed, to a common molecular form for isotopic measurement. C and N are analyzed as CO2 and N2, respectively, derived from combustion of analytes. H and O are analyzed as H2 and CO produced by pyrolysis/reduction. IRMS instruments are optimized to provide intense, highly stable ion beams, with extremely high precision realized via a system of differential measurements in which ion currents for all major isotopologs are simultaneously monitored. Calibration to an internationally recognized scale is achieved through comparison of closely spaced sample and standard peaks. Such systems are capable of measuring 13C/12C ratios with a precision approaching 0.1 per thousand (for values reported in the standard delta notation), four orders of magnitude better than that typically achieved by conventional "organic" mass spectrometers. Detection limits to achieve this level of precision are typically < 1 nmol C (roughly 10 ng of a typical hydrocarbon) injected on-column. Achievable precision and detection limits are correspondingly higher for N, O, and H, in that order.
Transformer Electrical Insulation [Editorial]

This Special Issue of Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation is dedicated to transformer insulation. The transformer is a very essential apparatus in an electric power system and its reliability is of utmost importance as a transformer failure results in a very costly and difficult to predict interruption of energy delivery. In turn, transformer's performance depends heavily on its insulation system; therefore the insulation is perhaps the most critical transformer part.
On the LU factorization of Hessenberg matrices

The LU factorization of the Hessenberg matrix is explicitly presented. The matrix is recognized for reliable and robust numerical computation. >
WebALPS: a survey of E-commerce privacy and security applications

Web-based commerce is rife with scenarios where a party needs to trust properties of computation and data storage occurring at a remote machine, operated by a different party with different interests. In our WebALPS project, we have used off-the-shelf hardware and open source software to build trusted co-servers co-resident with Web servers, and bring the secure SSL channel all the way into these trusted co-servers. In this paper, we survey how this tool can be used to systematically address privacy and security issues in e-commerce.
Isolation, Characterization, and Molecular Structure of 1,2-(Me2S)2B12H10

The pyrolysis of BH3·SMe2 at 130 °C and 1000 psi yields isomers of (Me2S)2B12H10. The previously unreported 1,2 isomer has been isolated and characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis and multi...
Proof of principle: Transformation approach alters caudate nucleus volume and structure-function associations

Brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) registration alters structure orientation, size, and/or shape. To determine whether linear registration methods (image transformation to 6, 9, and 12° of freedom) alter structural volume and cognitive associations, we examined transformation alterations to the caudate nucleus within individuals diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and demographically matched non-PD peers. Volumes from native and six were expected be significantly different from 9 and 12° of freedom methods. Caudate nucleus volumes were expected to be associated with measures of processing speed and mental flexibility, but the strength of the association based on transformation approach was unknown. MRI brain scans from individuals with Parkinson’s disease (n = 40) and age-matched controls (n = 40) were transformed using 6, 9, and 12° of freedom to an average brain template. Correlations controlling for total intracranial volume assessed expected structural-behavioral associations. Volumetric: Raw 9 and 12° transformed volumes were significantly larger than native and 6° volumes. Only 9 and 12° volumes revealed group differences with PD less than controls. Intracranial volume considerations were essential for native and 6° between group comparisons. Structural-Behavioral: The 9 and 12° caudate nucleus volume transformations revealed the expected brain-behavioral associations. Linear registration techniques alter volumetric and cognitive-structure associations. The study highlights the need to communicate transformation approach and group intracranial volume considerations.