cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ovarian suppression with leuprolide acetate: Comparison of luteal, follicular, and flare-up administration in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for oocyte retrieval

Adjunct use of leuprolide (LA) in patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG) was evaluated by three protocols: Group F(n=24) began LA on day 2 of the cycle and Group L(n=38) began LA on day 23 of the cycle until ovarian suppression, at which time hMG was added. Group FL (n=17) began LA on day 1 and hMG on day 3. Compared to FL, more ova were collected, more ova fertilized, and more pregnancies resulted per initiated cycle in groups achieving suppression before hMG stimulation. Fewer days were necessary to attain suppression for L vs F. After achieving suppression, patients were maintained on either 0.5 mg LA or 0.25 mg LA daily during hMG coadministration with similar results. Lower maintenance doses of LA during hMG did not decrease the amount of hMG needed but retained the benefits of LA. We recommend luteal initiation of LA to achieve suppression before hMG.
Hemodynamic, Cardiac, and Electrolyte Effects of Low-Dose Aerosolized Terbutaline Sulfate in Asthmatic Patients

Study objective Aerosolized β 2 -agonists have been associated with increased morbidity in asthmatics. These drugs cause transient increases in heart rate and decreases in serum potassium levels after these drugs are first utilized. This study is designed to elucidate whether β-adrenergic tolerance to the hemodynamic, cardiac, and electrolyte effects of inhaled terbutaline occurs during 14 days of maintenance therapy. Design Eight patients with stable asthma weaned off β 2 -agonist therapy were studied in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study utilizing aerosolized terbutaline, 400 μg q6h. Hemodynamic measurements and M-mode echocardiography were performed before and 15 and 30 min after the initial dose of terbutaline or placebo and after a dose of aerosolized terbutaline after 14 days of aerosolized terbutaline maintenance therapy. Holter monitors were worn on the first day of placebo or terbutaline therapy and on day 14 of terbutaline therapy. Plasma potassium, bicarbonate, and glucose levels, pH, renin activity, and serum insulin and aldosterone levels were measured before and after 24 and 48 h after terbutaline or placebo therapy and after 14 days of aerosolized terbutaline maintenance therapy. Results Terbutaline increased cardiac index and decreased systemic vascular resistance greater after 14 days of therapy compared with the first dose (5.2±0.5 vs 4.4±0.6 L/min/m 2 ; p −5 , p 100 beats/min were higher compared with the other study day (p Conclusions Cardiovascular β 2 -receptors in patients with stable asthma do not develop tolerance to the effects of low-dose aerosolized terbutaline after 14 days of maintenance therapy. In contrast, the homeostatic mechanisms regulating serum potassium develop tolerance to low-dose terbutaline maintenance therapy. Lack of cardiovascular tolerance to maintenance doses of aerosolized β 2 -agonists may be important in increased morbidity if excessive amounts of these drugs are administered during asthma exacerbations.
Student attitudes and measures of success in information seeking in an introductory mechanical engineering design course

This work in progress describes library research instruction and baseline assessment data in an undergraduate introductory-level mechanical engineering design course. We investigate whether librarian-led information literacy instruction enables students to develop confidence and more creative solutions to their engineering design challenges. Our study will be a multi-term examination of instruction and outcomes. We review student design reports for works cited and analyze them for quality and variety. In addition we use course end feedback responses to determine student engagement in information seeking, and gather opinions of the research instruction provided. Instruction will be iterated based on student feedback. Evidence from our first term of citation analysis indicates that students were successful in finding a wide variety of sources, such as technical reports, standards, peer-reviewed literature, patents, and trade literature. Feedback indicates that students understand the value of gathering a variety of sources of information, but that there are opportunities to enhance student engagement in the research process. Our future work is to gather more data to determine whether the quality and variety of information sources used by students, as well as their opinions of the research process can be correlated to their success in their design projects.
The polarographic behavior of nickel(II) in acetonitrile in the presence of chloride ion

Abstract In the presence of small amounts of chloride ion, nickel(II) undergoes a; two-step reduction in acetonitrile. Analysis of the dependency of the half-wave potential of the first step on the logarithm of the CDMBC1 concentration, indicates that this polarographic step involves the reversible reduction of the four nickel—chloride complexes, NiCl 4 2− , NiCl 3− , NiCl 2 and NiCl + , and that these complexes have nearly identical formation constants in acetonitrile ca . 0.02 M in H 2 O. The potential and characteristic of the second step suggest that it involves the reduction of hydrated nickel II) ion. With high concentrations of choride ion, only one step, corresponding to the first step in the two-step polarograms obtained at low concentrations of chloride, is obtained. The chemistry of the nickel-chloride system in water is undoubtedly governed by a similar equilibrium situation to that in acetonitrile. In addition, the catalytic nature of the first step has been established.
Factors associated with 5-year survival in older heart transplant recipients.

Objectives The aim of the present study was to identify the predictors of 5-year survival in elderly patients undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). Methods A review of the United Network for Organ Sharing database was conducted of recipients 60 years old or older undergoing OHT from 1995 to 2004. The variables were compared between the 5-year survivors and the patients who died within 5 years of OHT. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed using the covariates significantly associated with 5-year survival on univariate analysis. Results A total of 5330 elderly patients underwent OHT during the study period. Of these patients, 3492 (65.5%) were 5-year survivors, 1580 (29.6%) had died within 5 years of OHT and were considered controls, and 258 (4.8%) were lost to follow-up. The predictors of improved 5-year survival included younger age (odds ratio [OR], 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95–1.00; P = .03), lower creatinine (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87–0.98; P = .01), white race (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02–1.49; P = .03), shorter ischemic time (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87–0.99; P = .02), and younger donor age (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.99–1.00; P = .03). The following significantly reduced the odds of surviving to 5 years: mechanical ventilation (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.33–0.71; P P = .001), and diabetes (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.67–0.92; P = .003). Ventricular assist device data were only available for 2538 patients (49.6%). When added to the multivariate model, the use of a ventricular assist device significantly reduced the odds of surviving 5 years after OHT (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.50–0.81; P Conclusions In the present study of more than 5000 elderly OHT patients, younger recipient age, white race, lower creatinine, younger donor age, and shorter ischemic time were associated with improved 5-year survival. In contrast, bridging with a ventricular assist device, mechanical ventilation, hypertension, and diabetes significantly decreased the odds of 5-year survival. These findings might be useful for prognostication in this higher risk patient population.
Agent-Based Modeling and Analysis of Hurricane Evacuation Procedures for the Florida Keys

The unique geography of the Florida Keys presents both high risk of hurricane landfall and exceptional vulnerability to the effects of a hurricane strike. Inadequate hurricane shelters in the Keys make evacuation the only option for most residents, but the sole access road can become impassable well in advance of a major storm. These extraordinary conditions create challenges for emergency managers who must ensure that appropriate emergency plans are in place and to ensure that an orderly exodus can occur without stranding large numbers of people along an evacuation route with inadequate shelter capacity. This study attempts to answer two questions: (1) What is the minimum clearance time needed to evacuate all residents participating in an evacuation of the Florida Keys in advance of a major hurricane for 92,596 people - a population size calculated based on the 2000 US Census population data, census undercounts, and the number of tourists estimated to be in the area? (2) If a hurricane makes landfall in the Keys while the evacuation is in progress, how many residents will need to be accommodated if the evacuation route becomes impassable? The authors conducted agent-based microsimulations to answer the questions. Simulation results suggest that it takes 20 h and 11 min to 20 h and 14 min to evacuate the 92,596 people. This clearance time is less than the Florida state mandated 24-h clearance time limit. If one assumes that people evacuate in a 48-h period and the traffic flow from the Keys would follow that observed in the evacuation from Hurricane Georges, then a total of 460 people may be stranded if the evacuation route becomes impassable 48 h after an evacuation order is issued. If the evacuation route becomes impassable 40 h after an evacuation order is issued, then 14,000 people may be stranded.
Death in the Line of Duty: Game Warden Mortality in the United States, 1886–2009

Game wardens are conservation law enforcement officers who enforce fishing and hunting laws. It has been suggested that the occupation of game warden is the most dangerous and deadly job in law enforcement. Little research, however, has been directed toward the study of game warden deaths. In an attempt to extend our understanding of the deadly nature of this occupation, this study examined the number and causes of line of duty deaths for state game wardens in the United States from 1886 to 2009. Findings suggest that gunfire was the most frequent cause of death of game wardens during this time period. Other factors responsible for large numbers of game warden fatalities included vehicle accidents, drowning, aircraft accidents, and heart attacks.
Adhesin-Specific Nanomechanical Cantilever Biosensors for Detection of Microorganisms

Lectins (adhesins) on bacterial surfaces play important roles in infection by mediating bacterial adherence to host cell surfaces via their cognate receptors. We have explored the use of α-D-mannose receptors as capturing agents for the detection of Escherichia coli using a microcantilever and have demonstrated that E. coli ORN178, which expresses normal type-1 pili, can interact with microcantilevers functionalized with α-D-mannose and can cause shifts in its resonance frequencies. Although E. coli ORN208, which expresses abnormal pili, binds poorly to α-D-mannose on the nitrocellulose membrane of a FAST slide, it did cause a detectable shift in resonance frequency when interacting with the α-D-mannose functionalized microcantilevers.
Conversion of fly ash into zeolites for ion-exchange applications

Abstract Combustion byproduct fly ash was converted into zeolites which then can be used as ion exchangers for waste treatment applications. The conversion process not only alleviates the disposal problem of large amounts of fly ash, but also tumsfly ash into a useful material. Depending on the treatment temperature and chemical composition, zeolite A and faujasite have been successfully synthesized. The ion-exchange capacity of the treated fly ash was examined. The results show that the ion exchange capacities of the treated fly ash in the forms of zeolite A and faujasite, respectively, for Cs+ ions relative to those of the commercial zeolite A and faujasite are: 19% for zeolite A phase and 39% for faujasite phase. Our results suggest that the treated fly ash may be potentially useful in waste-water treatment and radioactive waste immobilization.
Trail: A distance-sensitive sensor network service for distributed object tracking

Distributed observation and control of mobile objects via static wireless sensors demands timely information in a distance-sensitive manner: Information about closer objects is required more often and more quickly than that of farther objects. In this article, we present a wireless sensor network protocol, Trail, that supports distance-sensitive tracking of mobile objects for in-network subscribers upon demand. Trail achieves a find time that is linear in the distance from a subscriber to an object, via a distributed data structure that is updated only locally when the object moves. Notably, Trail does not partition the network into a hierarchy of clusters and clusterheads, and as a result Trail has lower maintenance costs, is more locally fault tolerant, and it better utilizes the network in terms of load balancing and minimizing the size of the data structure needed for tracking. Moreover, Trail is reliable and energy efficient, despite the network dynamics that are typical of wireless sensor networks. Trail can be refined by tuning certain parameters, thereby yielding a family of protocols that are suited for different application settings such as rate of queries, rate of updates, and network size. We evaluate the performance of Trail by analysis, simulations in a 90 × 90 sensor network, and experiments on 105 Mica2 nodes in the context of a pursuer-evader control application.
A Simple Theory of Advertising as a Good or Bad

Our analysis treats advertisements and the goods advertised as complements in stable metautility functions, and generates new results for advertising by building on and extending the general analysis of complements. By assimilating the theory of advertising into the theory of complements, we avoid the special approaches to advertising found in many studies that place obstacles in the way of understanding the effects of advertising. We also use this approach to evaluate advertising from a welfare perspective. Whether there is excessive or too little advertising depends on several variables: the effects on consumer utility, the degree of competition in the market for advertised goods, the induced changes in prices and outputs of advertised goods, and whether advertising is sold to consumers.
Synthesis of probes for RNA using Qβ-replicase

Abstract Qβ replicase was used to make labeled RNA complementary to 5S, 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA and 9S histone mRNA. These copies appear to be the same size as the parental RNA strand. The kinetics of annealing of these probes shows a proportionality between the rate and the complexity of the RNA molecule used as template.
Effect of Bleeding/Gutting Procedures on the Sensory Quality of Fresh Raw Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua)

Abstract A controlled study was conducted under commercial conditions to assess the sensory quality of raw cod (dockside grade) stored in ice for approximately 24 h. Prior to being iced, cod were bled/gutted using a two-step, a conventional (shallow cut) one-step, or a modified (deep cut) one-step procedure at each of four different times after the cod were brought onboard. The mean sensory quality was very dependent upon the treatment combination, but was more affected by the time onboard prior to bleeding/gutting than by the actual bleeding/gutting procedure. Any significant (P ≤ 0.05) improvement in sensory quality by the two-step procedure only occurred when the cod were first brought onboard. The type of one-step procedure had little significant affect upon sensory quality.
The “most recent” error: Its causes and correction

The notion of a general block structured programming language and the “most recent” evaluation strategy for such a language are formalized and their relationship investigated. Sufficient conditions for “most recent” correctness are obtained.
Chasing ubuntu: using ICTs to promote reflective practice

Purpose – To describe an exploratory study in which an online learning system was used to provide an intercultural experience for pre‐service education students from New Jersey and Namibia.Design/methodology/approach – Pre‐service education students from New Jersey and Namibia were enrolled in an online course in the fall of 2004. The following semester, spring 2005, only students from New Jersey were enrolled in the course. Online discussion postings were analyzed for both course cohorts and compared. A pre/post questionnaire of students' understanding of cross‐cultural differences in general, and in teaching in particular, was also administered to both course cohorts.Findings – This paper focuses on the growth of New Jersey students' understanding of what teaching in Namibia is like and also looks to see if this led to a greater understanding of their own practice. While there was an indication that the former was achieved and a number of New Jersey students did show a deeper understanding of teaching i...
Pyramid-array surface-relief structures producing antireflection index matching on optical surfaces

Surface-relief structures having the form of an array of modified pyramids (having curved rather than flat triangular shown to produce an index-matching layer that will reduce surface reflection by several orders of sides) are Such structures are equivalent to a quintic (fifth-order polynomial) gradient-index layer, which has magnitude. been shown to be near optimum for reducing reflection at dielectric interfaces.
Auditory and visual distance estimation after active or passive visual deprivation

Subjects estimated distances between themselves and a familiar sound source immediately after being blindfolded and after 75 min of visual deprivation. One group of 15 undergraduate subjects spent 75 min sitting passively, and 15 subjects in a second group were verbally guided to actively move through their natural environment. The passive group showed no improvement in accuracy of distance estimation. Subjects with active experience showed a significant (p<.001) increase in accuracy, giving estimations superior even to those made while sighted. While the positive effects of active movement upon visual adaptation are well known, the dramatic adaptation to short-term visual deprivation found in this experiment is unique. It is proposed that, during training, one constructs a superior analogic representation of the spatial world. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that visual as well as auditory judgments improve during training.
Partial self-compatibility in ‘Tombul’ and ‘Montebello’ hazelnuts

Self-pollination of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars in 1988 and 1990 revealed the existence of partial self-compatibility in ‘Tombul’ and ‘Montebello’. Percent cluster set in these cultivars averaged 44 and 20%, respectively, but was less than 10% in 8 other cultivars investigated. Percent cluster set from pollination with ‘Segorbe’ averaged 62 and 41% in 1988 and 1990, respectively. Self-pollination produced 40% fewer nuts per cluster and twice as many blanks as cross-pollination. All cultivars and selections have an active sporophytic incompatibility system. Evaluation of self-compatibility in seedlings from the cross ‘Montebello’ × ‘Compton’ revealed that the partial self-compatibility of the maternal parent was transmitted to some of the progeny. Self-pollination resulted in greater than 10% cluster set in two selections, OSU 41.134 and OSU 43.025, in both years, but only in 1988 in OSU 42.089 and ‘Willamette’. Three other selections had very low set in both years. Results of incompatible crosses with standard testers were generally in agreement with those of self-pollination, except that the S2 tester induced greater set on 3 genotypes in 1988 and the S1 tester on 2 genotypes in 1990 than self-pollination. The partial self-compatibility of ‘Montebello’, OSU 41.134, and OSU 43.025 appears to be due to a failure of their stigmas to prohibit pollen tube growth in incompatible crosses. There is no evidence of a pollen-part mutation in ‘Montebello’, nor is there evidence that partial self-compatibility is due to the interaction of S-alleles, as ‘Barcelona’, which has the same alleles as these three genotypes, failed to set nuts in all incompatible crosses.
Clostridium lortetii sp. nov., a halophilic obligatory anaerobic bacterium producing endospores with attached gas vacuoles

A strain of Clostridium was isolated from Dead Sea sediment, differing from the previously described Clostridium types in its halophilic character. It required NaCl concentrations between 1 and 2 M, and optimal growth was found in 1.4–1.5 M NaCl at 30° C and in 1.7 M NaCl at 45° C. In sporulating cells gas vacuoles developed, generally near the developing terminal endospore only, and these vacuoles remained attached to the mature endospore after degeneration of the vegetative cell. Fermentation products included acetate, butyrate and hydrogen. Glucose and a few other carbohydrates stimulated growth, though they were poorly utilized. A new species name has been proposed for the organism: Clostridium lortetii.
Unsteady Laminar Flow in a Duct With Unsteady Heat Addition

An analysis is made of transient heat transfer with transient laminar flow between heated (or cooled) parallel plates. The transient processes are caused by simultaneously changing the fluid pumping pressure and either the wall temperature or the wall heat flux. The solution is obtained for both the thermal entrance and fully developed heat-transfer regions. The slug-flow simplification is made; that is, the velocity at any instant of time is taken as uniform throughout the channel. The fluid temperature distribution, however, depends on both the axial co-ordinate and the position within the channel cross section. A few numerical examples are carried out which give some insight imto various transient processes such as those occurring during a nuclear-reactor shutdown. (auth)
A Spectrophotometric Method of Assay for Belladonna Alkaloids

Abstract A spectrophotometric method for the determination of the alkaloids of Belladonna has been devised. The procedure consists of the formation of an extremely stable complex of atropine base with cupric sulfate and naphthenic acid in an organic phase. The complex formed gives a maximum absorption at 700 millimicron wave length and a straight line relationship over a rather wide range. Reproducibility on the crude drug by the suggested method falls within 3 per cent of the mean. The necessity of an overnight maceration period with U. S. P. menstruum, the need for the use of reagent chloroform, and the necessity of at least three 15‐minute heating periods on a steam bath have been established.
Protective Care: Mothering a Child Dependent on Parenteral Nutrition:

The purpose of the study was to examine the process of mothering a child who is dependent on parenteral nutrition (PN). Nineteen mothers of children who were currently or had been recently dependent on PN were interviewed to determine the practice and interpretation of their mothering role. Recorded tapes were transcribed and analyzed using grounded theory methodology. The resulting theory of protective care is composed of three phases: gaining control, taking control, and maintaining control. The categories of committing to care, watching over, challenging the system, promoting normalcy, putting life into perspective, and celebrating the positive, characterize the antecedents, strategies, and consequences of protective care. This grounded theory will enable nursing professionals to anticipate and address the needs of mothers of children dependent on PN who are being cared for at home.
Management Briefs: Use of Spring Scales for Weighing Live Fish in the Field

Abstract The accuracy and precision of Pesola® spring scales for weighing live and dead fish were examined in the field and laboratory. Fish weights of 0.3–995.0 g obtained with Pesola spring scales differed less than 1% from those obtained with an Ohaus® triplebeam balance. Pesola spring scales were easier to use and carry in the field than the triple-beam balance, and they can provide years of service at little cost.
The Effect of Viscous Dissipation on Two-Dimensional Microchannel Heat Transfer

Microchannel convective heat transfer characteristics in the slip flow regime are numerically evaluated for two-dimensional, steady state, laminar, constant wall heat flux and constant wall temperature flows. The effects of Knudsen number, accommodation coefficients, viscous dissipation, pressure work, second-order slip boundary conditions, axial conduction, and thermally/hydrodynamically developing flow are considered. The effects of these parameters on microchannel convective heat transfer are compared through the Nusselt number. Numerical values for the Nusselt number are obtained using a continuum based three-dimensional, unsteady, compressible computational fluid dynamics algorithm that has been modified with slip boundary conditions. Numerical results are verified using analytic solutions for thermally and hydrodynamically fully developed flows. The resulting analytical and numerical Nusselt numbers are given as a function of Knudsen number, the first- and second-order velocity slip and temperature jump coefficients, the Peclet number, and the Brinkman number. Excellent agreement between numerical and analytical data is demonstrated. Viscous dissipation, pressure work, second-order slip terms, and axial conduction are all shown to have significant effects on Nusselt numbers in the slip flow regime.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Kiva at Four (Innovations Case Narrative: Kiva)

Person Microfinance,” published by the author in Innovations (Winter/Spring 2007). Started by the author, Jessica Jackley Flannery and Moses Onyango in 2005, Kiva is an online lending platform that allows individuals in the developed world to lend to small businesspeople in the developing world. Kiva operates in the microfinance space and works with a growing network of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in more than 40 countries. In the original case, Matt Flannery looked back on the seeds of Kiva’s extraordinary success over a mere two years. He also looked ahead at some of the challenges facing microfinance at that time and explored the risks and opportunities associated with Kiva’s continued growth. In this second installment of the Kiva story, he describes some of the pitfalls that materialized and how Kiva dealt with them. He also takes another look ahead, now from the perspective of a changed organization operating in a different financial climate.
Nonlinear transient wave motions in base-excited rectangular tanks

Abstract A nonlinear, dispersive, dissipative shallow water theory in two horizontal dimensions is developed to study the waves produced by the bidirectional, translational, oscillatory motion of a rectangular tank partially filled with liquid. An efficient finite difference technique is used to solve the resulting system of equations. Numerical results are presented which illustrate the form of the generated wave profile and its development in time for a range of geometric and excitation parameters. The computed results show the influence of the direction, duration and frequency of excitation, liquid depth and dispersive effects on the wave motions.
Changes in Letter Sound Knowledge Are Associated with Development of Phonological Awareness in Pre-School Children.

University of California, Irvine, USALetter sound knowledge, which, together with phonological awareness, is highlypredictive of pre-school children’s reading acquisition, derives from children’sknowledge of their associated letter names and the phonological patterns of thosenames. In this study of 66 monolingual pre-school children we examined whetherphonological patterns between letter names and their associated sounds might bedifferentially associated with aspects of phonological awareness. Results suggest thatrudimentary levels of phonological awareness may facilitate the learning of lettersound associations. However, more explicit phonological awareness appears to belinked bi-directionally with letter sound knowledge with diverse name-soundassociations, with letter sound associations that do not follow regular patterns (e.g.‘juh’ for ‘j’ and ‘huh’ for ‘h’) most closely associated with performance in morecomplex phoneme awareness tasks.
Context effects in paired-associate learning as a function of element-sharing among stimulus terms

Summary This experiment tested the hypothesis that the tendency for the dominant response in the final hierarchy for a stimulus term to be to its context element is a direct function of the number of primary elements shared by the term with other stimulus terms in the list. The data were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis. Additional effects of element-sharing and context elements are discussed.
244 THE HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF DOBUTAMINE IN CHILDREN

Dobutamine(DB), a relatively new inotropic drug, is useful for augmenting cardiovascular function in adults. There is, however, no information available concerning the effects of DB in children. To determine the hemodynamic effects of DB in children we infused DB into ten children with congenital heart disease during the course of routine cardiac catheterization. We infused DB at two doses (2 and 8μg/kg/min) for ten minutes each. We measured heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), systemic (SAP) and pulmonary arterial (PAP), right atrial (RAP), and pulmonary arterial wedge (PWP) blood pressures before and during infusion of DB. Systemic (SVR) and pulmonary (PVR) vascular resistances and stroke index (SI) were calculated. During infusion of 8μg/kg/min of DB, phasic and mean (x) SAP increased from 108/60,80 to 148/74,105 mm Hg (p<.05); CI increased from 3.6 to 4.6 L/min/m2 (p<.05); and SI increased from 38 to 48 ml/beat/m2. These indices also were increased significantly (p<.05) from control during infusion of 2μg/kg/min of DB. Phasic and mean PAP, PWP, RAP, HR, PVR, and SVR were unchanged from control at both doses of DB. We noted no adverse effects from the drug. DB appears to be a useful inotropic agent to augment cardiovascular function in children.
The Blood Group Spectrum of a Non-Inbred Population as Determined from Cross-Reactions with Antisera Produced in Non-Related Populations

Abstract INTRODUCTION INDIVIDUAL antigenic differences of the erythrocytes of chickens were first demonstrated by Landsteiner and Miller (1924). The first detailed study of the blood groups in chickens was made by W. E. Briles and his associates. Briles, McGibbon and Irwin (1950) identified two independent blood group loci in chickens which they designated the A and the B blood group systems. Later, the C, D, and E blood group systems in chickens were identified by Briles, Briles and Quisenberry (1950), Briles (1951 Briles (1958). Following the identification of the above blood group systems the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station personnel began a study of the effects of these systems on selected economic traits. Results from these studies indicate that blood groups are associated with body weight (Briles et al., 1953), hatchability (Briles, 1954), and livability (Briles et al., 1955). These studies have created a considerable amount of interest in chicken blood group studies…
Serials Spoken Here

AbstractA report on the 77th Potomac Technical Processing Librarians conference held October 5, 2001. Serials Review 2002; 28:151–152.
In-network traffic regulation for Transactional Memory

Hardware Transactional Memory (HTM) promises to simplify parallel programming on shared-memory chip multiprocessors by providing atomic execution of code blocks. Concurrently, Networks-On-Chip (NOCs) have emerged as an efficient on-chip communication infrastructure but have been largely neglected in HTM designs. In this work, we explore the interaction between the HTM paradigm and NOCs. In the process, we find a huge source of unnecessary network traffic incurred by transactional requests that are unsuccessful. This problem is identified as false forwarding that adversely affects network performance and energy efficiency. Surprisingly, 39% (up to 79% for a specific workload) of the transactional requests have incurred false forwarding over a wide spectrum of workloads. To combat this problem, we propose TMNOC, a novel approach that exploits the co-design of HTM and NOCs to mitigate false forwarding. Transactional requests that have a high probability to fail are filtered out in-network as early as possible to save energy and improve concurrency in the memory system. Experimental results show that our design reduces total network traffic by 20% on average (up to 40%) for a set of high-contention benchmarks representative of future TM workloads, thereby reducing energy consumption by an average of 24% (up to 39%). Meanwhile, the contention in the coherence directory is reduced by 66% on average. These improvements are achieved with only 5% area overhead added to a conventional on-chip router design.
Canine V̇A/Q̇ Distribution Responses to Inhalation Anesthesia and Mechanical Ventilation

The effects of anesthesia produced by halothane (0.7–1.5 per cent end-tidal concentration; vaporized in oxygen (21 per cent), balance nitrous oxide (N2O) on distribution of ventilation-perfusion (A/) ratios, and pulmonary gas exchange were studied in five healthy mongrel dogs during both spontaneous
The Sgs1 Helicase Regulates Chromosome Synapsis and Meiotic Crossing Over

Abstract Background: In budding yeast, Sgs1 is the sole member of the RecQ family of DNA helicases. Like the human Bloom syndrome helicase (BLM), Sgs1 functions during both vegetative growth and meiosis. The sgs1 null mutant sporulates poorly and displays reduced spore viability. Results: We have identified novel functions for Sgs1 in meiosis. Loss of Sgs1 increases the number of axial associations, which are connections between homologous chromosomes that serve as initiation sites for synaptonemal complex formation. In addition, mutation of SGS1 increases the number of synapsis initiation complexes and increases the rate of chromosome synapsis. Loss of Sgs1 also increases the number of meiotic crossovers without changing the frequency of gene conversion. The sgs1 defect in sporulation is due to checkpoint-induced arrest/delay at the pachytene stage of meiotic prophase. A non-null allele of SGS1 that specifically deletes the helicase domain is defective in the newly described meiotic functions of Sgs1, but wild-type for most vegetative functions and for spore formation. Conclusions: We have shown that the helicase domain of Sgs1 serves as a negative regulator of meiotic interchromosomal interactions. The activity of the wild-type Sgs1 protein reduces the numbers of axial associations, synapsis initiation complexes, and crossovers, and decreases the rate of chromosome synapsis. Our data argue strongly that axial associations marked by synapsis initiation complexes correspond to sites of reciprocal exchange. We propose that the Sgs1 helicase prevents a subset of recombination intermediates from becoming crossovers, and this distinction is made at an early stage in meiotic prophase.
Composition and glycosaminoglycan metabolism of articular cartilage from habitually loaded and habitually unloaded sites

The uronic acid (proteoglycan, PG) content of cartilage from habitually unloaded sites of normal canine femoral condyles has been shown to be lower than that from habitually loaded regions, even though the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis is similar. We investigated whether the GAG degradation in unloaded cartilage would be greater than that in loaded cartilage, and we obtained comparative biochemical data concerning the PGs and organization of the extracellular matrix of normal loaded and unloaded cartilage. PG extractability (determined by sequential guanidinium chloride extracts of cartilage), percentage of PGs forming large aggregates, and hydrodynamic size of the PG monomers (determined by Sepharose 2B chromatography) were essentially the same in loaded and unloaded cartilage. As expected, the uronic acid content of unloaded cartilage was 20% lower than that of loaded cartilage (P less than 0.02), while the water and DNA contents of the 2 tissues were not statistically different. There was no difference in the rate of net 35SO4-GAG synthesis in organ cultures of loaded and unloaded cartilage. Moreover, there was no appreciable difference in the rates of 35SO4-GAG degradation of loaded and unloaded cartilage, as determined by 35SO4 pulse-chase studies. We have previously shown that selective cyclic compressive stresses applied in vitro to cartilage from loaded areas of canine femoral condyles may increase 35SO4-GAG synthesis. The present results suggest that the rates of GAG metabolism in loaded and unloaded cartilage under atmospheric pressure in vitro may not reflect the rates which exist in articular joints under compressive loads in vivo.
The challenges of teaching criminological theory: can academia deliver what the media promises?

Many students majoring in criminal justice may be reacting to popular television and docudramas that portray criminal justice practitioners as sexy, glamorous, and adventurous. Hollywood’s construction of justice‐related careers is unrealistic and creates many challenges for criminology professors who must provide students with the social context explaining why people engage in criminal behavior. While the media has helped stimulate interest in careers such as crime scene investigations, criminal profiling, crime mapping, and DNA experts, Hollywood has come short of unmasking the causes of crime. Perhaps if Hollywood were to devote some attention to the criminologist, it could assist professors in demystifying criminology as an academic discipline.
Impact response of single-lap composite joints

Abstract The low-velocity impact of adhesive-bonded single-lap composite joints has been studied using a spring-mass model. In this quasi-static model, the impact response is represented by a time-dependent force, and the target joint is represented by an equivalent mass with equivalent stiffness. An analytical model has been developed to determine the equivalent mass and stiffness of the joint. The laminated anisotropic plate theory was used in the derivation of the governing equations of the two bonded laminates. The entire coupled system, as well as the assumed peel stress, were solved using both the joint kinematics and suitable boundary conditions. With the combination of a spring-mass equilibrium system and the developed joint model, a relationship between the impact force and the duration has been established. Adhesive stresses, which are believed to be the cause of failure, were predicted from the impact force. Impact tests of single-lap composite joints with different sample thicknesses and overlay lengths have been conducted to verify the proposed model.
Modeling of crystal size distribution in a mixed suspension, mixed product removal crystallizer when growth is size dependent

Abstract A revised empirical two parameter size-dependent growth rate model proposed recently is discussed in detail and used to illustrate the analysis of both simulated and real population density and cumulative number oversize distribution data from a mixed suspension, mixed product removal crystallizer. The two-parameter model has superior curve-fitting properties compared with other models tested and shows improved consistency in the prediction of the growth rate in the case in which log population density plot exhibits curvature across a large crystal size range.
First-order observation-driven integer-valued autoregressive processes

A first-order observation-driven integer-valued autoregressive model is introduced. Ergodicity of the process is established. Conditional least squares and maximum likelihood estimators of the model parameters are derived. The performances of these estimators are compared via simulation. The models are applied to a real data set.
Characterization and isolation of DNA microsatellite primers in the spiny dogfish ( Squalus acanthias )

The North Atlantic spiny dogfish ( Squalus acanthias ) population has been declining since the 1980s. Proper management of this population is essential as dogfish are prone to rapid collapse based on the unique biology of this species. We characterized eight microsatellite loci for spiny dogfish to use in determining the genetic structure of this species along the Atlantic coast of the USA.
The wearing-off phenomenon and the use of questionnaires to facilitate its recognition in Parkinson’s disease

Long-term treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) with dopaminergic therapy is associated with a re-emergence of PD symptoms, referred to as wearing-off. Signs of wearing-off encompass motor symptoms, such as slowness of movement and stiffness, and non-motor symptoms, including anxiety and fatigue. Both motor and non-motor symptoms impact significantly on the function and quality of life of PD patients. Early detection and management of wearing-off has been shown to improve patient symptoms; however, identification of wearing-off, particularly the non-motor symptoms, is hampered by a lack of patient education, awareness, patient-physician communication, and limited time for evaluation. Several questionnaires have been developed to aid the detection of wearing-off. This review investigates the development and use of the Wearing-Off Questionnaires (WOQ-32, WOQ-19, and WOQ-9), as well as their sensitivity and specificity in identifying wearing-off. The manuscript also provides an overview of the motor and non-motor signs of wearing-off and highlights the available treatment strategies for managing this potentially debilitating phenomenon.
Thermochemistry of uranium compounds III. Standard enthalpy of formation of cesium uranate (Cs2UO4)

Abstract The enthalpy of reaction of cesium uranate (Cs 2 UO 4 ) with approximately 1 mol dm −3 HCl was determined by solution calorimetry to be −(43337 ± 65) cal th mol −1 . Combination of this result with measured enthalpies of solution of CsCl(c) in HCl(aq) and of UO 2 Cl 2 (c) in an aqueous mixture of CsCl + HCl, together with auxiliary thermochemical data from the literature, gave a value of −(453.46 ± 0.85) kcal th mol −1 for the standard enthalpy of formation, ΔH f o (Cs 2 UO 4 , c, 298.15 K).
New Layered Vanadyl(IV) Phosphite as a Precursor to Vanadyl Pyrophosphate Catalysts for Partial Oxidation of n-Butane to Maleic Anhydride

The synthesis and characterization of layered vanadyl(IV) phosphonates, VOC{sub n}H{sub 2n+1}PO{sub 3}{center_dot}xH{sub 2}O containing the V{sub 2}O{sub 8} dimers have been recently reported. The authors present here the results of partial oxidation of n-butane on VPO catalysts derived from the simplest of these phosphonates, vanadyl phosphite. The results indicate that vanadyl(IV) phosphite is the precursor to vanadyl pyrophosphate catalysts with high surface area (ca. 45 m{sup 2}/g) and selectivity to maleic anhydride in n-butane partial oxidation comparable to the conventional unpromoted catalyst. 10 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
Estimation of coal hydrophilicity by flow microcalorimetry

Abstract The adsorption heat of methanol on a coal surface was measured by flow microcalorimetry (FMC). Eight coals, each with different oxygen contents, were used as adsorbents. Methanol adsorption heat depends on the number of hydrophilic groups on the coal surface, while the amount of methanol adsorbed is independent of the surface chemical composition of coal. We examined a range of methanol concentrations in n -hexane: 2–20 g/l, and found that the adsorption heat reaches equilibrium before 20 g/l methanol concentration. The heat of methanol adsorption at 20 g/l is effected neither by the particle size distribution nor by the quantity of inorganic impurities in the coal adsorbent; however, methamol adsorption heat varies in direct proportion to the coal hydrophilicity, a parameter affecting the recovery of fine coal in oil agglomeration and flotation. FMC data for methanol adsorption heat can be used to estimate the coal hydrophilicity. Estimates obtained in this way agree well with those obtained by Sun's surface-component theory.
Fractal 15O-Labeled Water Washout From the Heart

Abstract To characterize the washout of water from the heart, we used a flow-limited (not diffusion- or permeability-limited) marker for blood-tissue exchange, namely, tracer-labeled water. Experiments were performed by injecting 15O-labeled water into the inflow to isolated blood-perfused rabbit hearts and by recording the tracer content in the heart and in the outflow simultaneously for up to 5 minutes. The data exhibit a particular combination of power law forms: (1) The downslopes of the residue and outflow curves were both power law functions, with the residue diminishing as t−α and the outflow as t−α−1, where α is interpreted to be the dimensionless exponent of a fractal power law relation characterizing the self-similarity inherent in each curve. (2) The fractional escape rate, given by the outflow curve divided by the residue curve, diminished almost exactly as t−1. In 18 sets of curves, α averaged 2.21±0.27. These results lead to an improved method for extrapolating the downslopes of indicator di...
Toward a Meta-Theory of Consultation

The practice of consultation has proliferated wildly over the past two decades. With this growth have come steady advances in consultation methods, but conceptual and empirical foundations remain at a rudimentary level. This article critiques existing conceptions of consultation and identifies factors inhibiting construction of cogent theory. To break the current impasse, a new paradigm, a meta-theory of consultation, is proposed. Counseling psychologists are challenged to use their unique strengths to assist in the evolution of theory, research, and practice of this important social service.
Barrier methods, length of preconception intercourse, and preeclampsia.

Background: The immune maladaptation theory suggests that tolerance to paternal antigens, resulting from prolonged exposure to sperm, protects against the development of preeclampsia. We tested whether barrier contraception and shorter sexual experience with the father of the pregnancy would increase the risk of preeclampsia. Methods: Of 2211 women delivering singleton births after enrollment in a pregnancy cohort study, 85 (3.8%) developed preeclampsia as defined by antepartum systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 plus proteinuria. At a mean of 10.2 weeks of gestation, all women in the cohort were asked about preconception contraception and timing of first sexual intercourse with the father of the pregnancy. Odds ratios (OR) comparing cases with preeclampsia to the rest of the cohort were adjusted for age, smoking, parity, and body mass index (BMI). Results: Women using barrier contraception prior to conception were no more likely than women not using barrier contraception to dev...
Eugenics and Modern Biology: Critiques of Eugenics, 1910-1945

Eugenics in most western countries in the first four decades of the 20th century was based on the idea that genes control most human phenotypic traits, everything from physical features such as polydactyly and eye colour to physiological conditions such as the A-B-O blood groups to mental and personality traits such as "feeblemindedness," alcoholism and pauperism. In assessing the development of the eugenics movement-its rise and decline between 1900 and 1950-it is important to recognise that its naive assumptions and often flawed methodologies were openly criticised at the time by scientists and nonscientists alike. This paper will present a brief overview of the critiques launched against eugenicists' claims, particularly criticisms of the American school led by Charles B. Davenport. Davenport's approach to eugenics will be contrasted to his British counterpart, Karl Pearson, founder and first editor of the Annals of Eugenics. It was not the case that nearly everyone in the early 20th century accepted eugenic conclusions as the latest, cutting-edge science. There are lessons from this historical approach for dealing with similar naive claims about genetics today.