cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cozbi, Achan, and Jezebel: Executions in the Hebrew Bible and modern lynching:

In The Cross and the Lynching Tree, James Cone revealed the failure of contemporary theology to address the phenomenon of lynching and the power of looking at the modern horror of lynching alongsid...
Is Unlicensed Sampling Back in Vogue

This short and accessible bar journal article describes the circuit split on digital sampling and the de minims doctrine under copyright law.
The Impact of Automation on Business and Employment in South Korea

The use of machines to reduce or replace human labor is a phenomenon as old as work itself. Such developments, often described as ‘automation’, may confer great benefits on businesses in terms of reduced production costs, potentially increased quality, and enhanced profits. However, those benefits also come with inherent burdens, which tend to disproportionately affect those least equipped to bear them, including small businesses and those workers with lower educational attainment or less developed job skills. Reduced wages, higher unemployment, and decreased social stability have long been recognized among the undesirable side effects of automation. This paper looks at the reality and inevitability of automation, especially as it could affect employment in South Korea. We address the likely impact on the Korean industry, concluding with steps that could mitigate the undesirable effects of automation, including possible reduction in work hours, increased spending on employee training, and greater attention to workforce planning and outplacement.
In Vitro Validation of Regional Circumferential Strain Assessment in a Phantom Aortic Model Using Cine Displacement Encoding With Stimulated Echoes MRI.

BACKGROUND A novel application of cine Displacement ENcoding with Stimulated Echoes Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DENSE MRI) has recently been described to assess regional heterogeneities in circumferential strain around the aortic wall in vivo; however, validation is first required for successful clinical translation. PURPOSE To validate the quantification of regional circumferential strain around the wall of an aortic phantom using DENSE MRI. STUDY TYPE In vitro phantom study. POPULATION Three polyvinyl alcohol aortic phantoms with eight axially oriented nitinol wires embedded evenly around the walls. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3 T; gradient-echo aortic DENSE MRI with spiral cine readout, gradient-echo phase-contrast MRI (PCMR) with Cartesian cine readout. ASSESSMENT Phantoms were connected to a pulsatile flow loop and peak DENSE-derived regional circumferential Green strains at 16 equally spaced sectors around the wall were assessed according to previously published algorithms. "True" regional circumferential strains were calculated by manually tracking displacements of the nitinol wires by two independent observers. Normalized circumferential strains (NCS) were calculated by dividing regional strains by the mean strain. Finally, DENSE-derived regional strain was corrected by multiplying regional DENSE NCS by the mean strain calculated from the diameter change on the PCMR. STATISTICAL TESTS One-sample t-test, Paired-sample t-test, and analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction, coefficient of variation (CoV), Bland-Altman analysis; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Aortic DENSE MRI significantly overestimated circumferential strain compared to the wire-tracking method (mean difference and SD 0.030 ± 0.014, CoV 0.31). However, NCS demonstrated good agreement between DENSE and wire-tracking data (mean difference 0.000 ± 0.172, CoV 0.15). After correcting the DENSE-derived regional strain, the mean difference in regional circumferential strain between DENSE and wire-tracking was significantly reduced to 0.006 ± 0.008, and the CoV was reduced to 0.18. DATA CONCLUSION For aortic phantoms with mild spatial heterogeneity in circumferential strain, the previously published aortic DENSE MRI technique successfully assessed the regional NCS distribution but overestimated the mean strain. This overestimation is correctable by computing a more accurate mean circumferential strain using a separate cine scan. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
Developing data literacy: Investigating the effects of a pre-service data use intervention

Abstract Data literacy is critical for new teachers, who must collect, analyze, and use an array of student data every day. Despite the importance of data use as a means to improve instruction, we have limited experimental evidence about how to support pre-service teachers' in developing positive attitudes towards and comfort with working with data. We randomly assigned 90 preservice teachers to participate in a data literacy workshop, followed by a series of prompts to apply content in student teaching placements. Participants’ perceptions of and data knowledge were assessed on a range of measures. Those in the treatment condition reported significantly higher perceptions of assessment relevance, instructional self-efficacy, and data use knowledge.
Investigations of Ash Fouling with Cattle Wastes as Reburn Fuel in a Small-Scale Boiler Burner under Transient Conditions

Fouling behavior under reburn conditions was investigated with cattle wastes (termed as feedlot biomass [FB]) and coal as reburn fuels under a transient condition and short-time operation. A small-scale (30 kW or 100,000 Btu/hr) boiler burner research facility was used for the reburn experiments. The fuels considered for these experiments were natural gas (NG) for the ashless case, pure coal, pure FB, and blends of coal and FB. Two parameters that were used to characterize the ash "fouling" were (1) the overall heat-transfer coefficient (OHTC) when burning NG and solid fuels as reburn fuels, and (2) the combustible loss through ash deposited on the surfaces of heat exchanger tubes and the bottom ash in the ash port. A new methodology is presented for determining ash-fouling behavior under transient conditions. Results on the OHTCs for solid reburn fuels are compared with the OHTCs for NG. It was found that the growth of the layer of ash depositions over longer periods typically lowers OHTC, and the increased concentration of ash in gas phase promotes radiation in high-temperature zones during initial periods while decreasing the heat transfer in low-temperature zones. The ash analyses indicated that the bottom ash in the ash port contained a smaller percentage of combustibles with a higher FB percentage in the fuels, indicating better performance compared with coal because small particles in FB burn faster and the FB has higher volatile matter on a dry ash-free basis promoting more burn out.
Ex vivo MR volumetry of human brain hemispheres.

Purpose The aims of this work were to (a) develop an approach for ex vivo MR volumetry of human brain hemispheres that does not contaminate the results of histopathological examination, (b) longitudinally assess regional brain volumes postmortem, and (c) investigate the relationship between MR volumetric measurements performed in vivo and ex vivo. Methods An approach for ex vivo MR volumetry of human brain hemispheres was developed. Five hemispheres from elderly subjects were imaged ex vivo longitudinally. All datasets were segmented. The longitudinal behavior of volumes measured ex vivo was assessed. The relationship between in vivo and ex vivo volumetric measurements was investigated in seven elderly subjects imaged both antemortem and postmortem. Results This approach for ex vivo MR volumetry did not contaminate the results of histopathological examination. For a period of 6 months postmortem, within-subject volume variation across time points was substantially smaller than intersubject volume variation. A close linear correspondence was detected between in vivo and ex vivo volumetric measurements. Conclusion Regional brain volumes measured with this approach for ex vivo MR volumetry remain relatively unchanged for a period of 6 months postmortem. Furthermore, the linear relationship between in vivo and ex vivo MR volumetric measurements suggests that this approach captures information linked to antemortem macrostructural brain characteristics. Magn Reson Med 71:364–374, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does Post-Earnings-Announcement Drift in Stock Prices Reflect A Market Inefficiency? A Stochastic Dominance Approach

This paper uses a stochastic dominance approach to test for market efficiency following earnings announcements. We find that the stocks that recently announced good earnings news stochastically dominate those that recently announced bad news. The results cast serious doubt on any belief that asset pricing model misspecifications might explain post-earnings-announcement drift.
SU-E-J-35: Using CBCT as the Alternative Method of Assessing ITV Volume

Purpose To study the accuracy of Internal Target Volumes (ITVs) created on cone beam CT (CBCT) by comparing the visible target volume on CBCT to volumes (GTV, ITV, and PTV) outlined on free breathing (FB) CT and 4DCT. Methods A Quasar Cylindrical Motion Phantom with a 3cm diameter ball (14.14 cc) embedded within a cork insert was set up to simulate respiratory motion with a period of 4 seconds and amplitude of 2cm superioinferiorly and 1cm anterioposteriorly. FBCT and 4DCT images were acquired. A PTV-4D was created on the 4DCT by applying a uniform margin of 5mm to the ITV-CT. PTV-FB was created by applying a margin of the motion range plus 5mm, i.e. total of 1.5cm laterally and 2.5cm superioinferiorly to the GTV outlined on the FBCT. A dynamic conformal arc was planned to treat the PTV-FB with 1mm margin. A CBCT was acquired before the treatment, on which the target was delineated. During the treatment, the position of the target was monitored using the EPID in cine mode. Results ITV-CBCT and ITV-CT were measured to be 56.6 and 62.7cc, respectively, with a Dice Coefficient (DC) of 0.94 and disagreement in center of mass (COM) of 0.59 mm. Onmore » the other hand, GTV-FB was 11.47cc, 19% less than the known volume of the ball. PTV-FB and PTV-4D were 149 and 116 cc, with a DC of 0.71. Part of the ITV-CT was not enclosed by the PTV-FB despite the large margin. The cine EPID images have confirmed geometrical misses of the target. Similar under-coverage was observed in one clinical case and captured by the CBCT, where the implanted fiducials moved outside PTV-FB. Conclusion ITV-CBCT is in good agreement with ITV-CT. When 4DCT was not available, CBCT can be an effective alternative in determining and verifying the PTV margin.« less
Boric acid activates PERK and ARE at physiological levels (372.2)

We first observed the chemopreventative nature of the plant nutrient boron as a significant association between intake and reduced risk of prostate cancer in the NHANES database and in cancer incid...
Broadband Shock Noise from Supersonic Jets

Broadband shock noise from supersonic jets is investigated through acoustic measurements in both the near and far fields. The peak Helmholtz number of broadband shock noise from unheated convergent nozzles is found to be independent of nozzle pressure ratio when based on the length of the shock cells and the ambient speed of sound. Excellent agreement between power spectral densities measured at various far-field angles is obtained at and above the peak shock noise frequency when source convection and directivity effects are included. The directivity of broadband shock noise is found to be pointed in the upstream direction, with omnidirectionality being approached only at high pressure ratios. For both convergent and convergent-divergent nozzles, the relative importance of shock noise with respect to jet-mixing noise is found to be maximum near the pressure ratio at which a Mach disk begins to form in the jet. Near-field measurements point to a limited portion of the shock cell system as the region of dominant broadband noise emission from a highly underexpanded convergent nozzle.
Transformation Mapping of the Genes Controlling Tryptophan Biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis

Forty tryptophan auxotrophs of Bacillus subtilis have been placed in six phenotypic classes on the basis of growth responses, accumulation properties, and, in some cases, specific enzymatic defects. Three-point transformation crosses between representative mutants of the six different types have permitted the determination of the orders of the gene loci. In addition, mutational site orders for mutants within each of the classes have been determined by the same techniques. The organization of the cluster of genes controlling tryptophan biosynthesis in B. subtilis appears to be essentially analogous to that of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium.
Mixed Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis Refractory to Medical Therapy and Plasmapheresis

Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) is associated with increased mortality in older individuals with impaired ventricular function, underlying the importance of rapid restoration and maintenance of euthyroidism. Plasmapheresis for treating thyrotoxicosis has shown mixed results. A 61-year-old gentleman was hospitalized for progressively worsening dyspnea, palpitations, tremor and generalized weakness. He had a history of atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, heart failure and type 2 diabetes. He had been diagnosed with AIT 4 months prior to admission, after which amiodarone was discontinued, and he was started on prednisone and methimazole which was later changed to propylthiouracil. Physical examination revealed irregular tachycardia, lid lag, fine hand tremor, proximal muscle weakness, pedal edema and a small, smooth, non-tender thyroid gland without bruit. Hormonal investigations revealed low TSH of 0.02 mcr IU/mL (reference: 0.28 - 3.89), high free T4 of 4.88 ng/dL (reference: 0.58 - 1.64), high free T3 of 5.4 pg/mL (reference: 2.5 - 3.9) and normal total T3 of 114 ng/dL (reference: 87 - 178). Thyroglobulin antibody, thyroid peroxidase antibody and thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin were undetectable. Echocardiogram revealed reduced left ventricle ejection fraction of 25%. Ultrasound showed a bilaterally heterogeneous, hypovascular and hypoechoic thyroid. I-123 scan revealed very low uptake. These findings were suggestive of destructive type 2 AIT. However, the lack of a good response to steroids argued for type 1 AIT. Given his poor response to medical therapy and increased cardiovascular risk for an urgent thyroidectomy, plasmapheresis was instituted in an attempt to lower the thyroid hormone levels. Eight daily cycles provided only modest clinical and biochemical improvement. Subsequently, he underwent total thyroidectomy leading to improvement of thyrotoxicosis. Histopathology of the thyroid demonstrated intrafollicular histiocytes, patchy fibrosis and involuted follicles, suggestive of destructive thyroiditis. On follow-up 2 months later, he remained clinically euthyroid on levothyroxine replacement with stable cardiac status. This case represents mixed/indeterminate AIT of protracted duration refractory to thionamides and steroids. Plasmapheresis did not provide clinical improvement and only modestly lowered the free T4 level. Euthyroidism was finally achieved following total thyroidectomy. This finding suggests the limitations of utilizing plasmapheresis as a therapeutic modality prior to definitive treatment in AIT. J Endocrinol Metab. 2015;5(3):220-223 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jem278w
Prevention of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy stoma metastases in patients with active oropharyngeal malignancy

The implantation of metastasis of oropharyngeal or esophageal cancer to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) stomata is considered an uncommon complication, but it is being recognized with increasing frequency. The incidence of this complication is not known. Multiple theories of metastatic spread have been proposed. We describe a case following retrograde endoscopy via a PEG stoma site. A National Library of Medicine literature search was performed, and case reports and bibliographies were reviewed. We estimate the incidence of this complication as 1% minimum. Direct seeding of the site is the only reasonable hypothesis to explain this phenomenon. Health care providers need to be educated about this problem. Although there is no direct evidence that metastases are spread by direct contact, we believe that transgression of the active primary tumor during gastrostomy tube placement should be avoided. Laparoscopic gastrostomy tube placement provides a safe, effective, and minimally invasive method of enteral access, which avoids transgression of the primary tumor site, and may prevent stomal metastases in patients with active aerodigestive tract malignancies who require gastrostomy.
DIFFERENT CONTRIBUTION OF EXOGENOUS AND ENDOGENOUS ARGININE TO REPRESSOR FORMATION.

The derepression in minimal medium of BC28, a strain of Escherichia coli, appears to be due to an impairment in the ability to make repressor from endogenous, but not from exogenous, arginine. This is paralleled by an impairment in the ability to make protein from exogenous, but not from endogenous, arginine. The results suggest a separation of arginine between two functional compartments, one related to repression and one to growth. Endogenous arginine is linked to the protein compartment, and exogenous arginine (through the arginine permease), to the repression compartment.
Versuche zur Darstellung von 1,3,4,2-Oxdiazaphospholen

Versuche, Oxdiazaphosphole oder Oxdiazadiphosphole aus Phosphinsaure-hydraziden nach Methoden herzustellen, die bei Carbonsaure-hydraziden Oxdiazole ergeben, fuhrten nicht zum Ziel. Es wurde bewiesen, das Phosphinsaure-hydrazide nicht zur Tautomerie mit der Oxyhydrazon-Form befahigt sind. In Ausweichreaktionen entstehen a) aus Bisphosphinyl-hydrazinen und Phosphoroxychlorid Bis[dichlor-orthophosphinyl]-hydrazine, b) aus N-Phosphinyl-N′-benzoyl-hydrazinen und Phosphorpentachlorid Orthophosphinsaure-trichloride und Tetrazine, c) aus Phosphinsaure-hydraziden und Orthoestern Phosphinyl-hydrazidoester und weiter Phosphinsaureester neben Esterazinen, Aminotriazolen und Tetrazinen und d) aus Phosphinsaure-hydraziden und Imidoester-hydrochloriden Phosphinyl-hydrazidine und weiter Phosphinsaureester neben Triazolen. Die Substituenten am Phosphor haben einen bemerkenswerten Einflus auf den Ablauf der Reaktionen.
Chronic pain, medical students, and primary care commentary on "What can we learn from first-year medical students' perception of pain in the primary care setting".

The article in this issue by Corrigan, Desnick, Bentov, Marshall, and Rosenblatt on the perceptions of medical students to patients with complaints of pain in primary care settings is important and is a concern. This study reports on a qualitative analysis of the reflections of first year medical students who are participating in primary care rotations in rural and underserved settings. In their written reflections, over half of the students referenced their reactions to patients complaining of pain, and almost all of those students included concerns about chronic pain patients in their reflections. The investigators divided the student reflections on chronic pain into positive, negative, and neutral. Seventy-five percent of the students who offered reflections on pain patients described negative perceptions. Negative comments were significant and powerful, often highlighting the students' problems in dealing with ambiguity. Many had problems with the concept of pain in the absence of significant physical findings, and many had real concerns about the use of opioid therapy in the treatment of chronic pain of nonmalignant origin. As noted in the article, “They (the students) questioned whether chronic pain patients were being untruthful or manipulative. The idea that these patients still needed to be cared for challenged students' own beliefs about what is ‘true’ pain.” Primary care physicians provide the majority of frontline diagnosis and treatment for chronic pain patients. Over 76 million US residents suffer from chronic pain, and approximately 63% of …
Mercury and Zinc in the Sediments of Seneca Lake, Seneca River, and Keuka Outlet, New York

Abstract Levels of total mercury and total zinc in the sediments of Seneca Lake, New York, and of its principal tributary and outflow, show a pattern of industrial and municipal pollution in a predominantly rural environment. An interpolation technique based on the relationship of heavy metal concentration to overlying water depth is used to estimate the total mercury content of the upper 2 cm of Seneca Lake sediments, and the increment of mercury above an assumed unperturbed distribution. An approximate mass balance suggests that defunct industry and a 200 megawatt coal-burning power plant represent comparable pollution sources, and that most of the emitted mercury leaves the watershed in aqueous solution or as vapor. The distribution of zinc parallels that of mercury, with a relatively constant Zn/Hg ratio in the lake sediments.
High-resolution stimulated Raman spectroscopy of O2

Abstract High-resolution (0.002 cm−1) stimulated Raman spectroscopy has been applied to the study of both normal and satellite Q branches of the fundamental vibrational band of molecular oxygen. Using a pulsed molecular free-expansion jet to adiabatically cool the oxygen sample, satellite Q branches at 1554 and 1558 cm−1 that arise due to the splitting of the 3Σg ground state by spin-spin and spin-rotation interactions were completely resolved for the first time. Measured intensity ratios for the Δ N Δ J(J, N) = Q 0(2, 1) and QR(1, 1) lines, and for the QS(0, 1) and QP(2, 1) lines compare favorably with that for a coupling case intermediate between Hund's cases (a) and (b). Depolarization ratios, measured for a series of QQ-branch (unresolved) triplets, give a value 0.164 ± 0.004 for the depolarization ratio of the fundamental vibrational band.
Analysis of fats and oils

Analytical information on fats and oils is required for trading, quality control, nutritional labeling and forensics. Development of analytical procedures was one of the historical reasons for the organization of the Society of Cotton Products Analysits; it continues as a major effort of the successor organization, the American Oil Chemists’ Society, through its Uniform Methods Committee and final publication of methods in the Society’s “Official and Tentative Methods.” A review of the current status of methods development will be followed by a glimpse of methodological research currently underway.
Relationship Between Meat-Type Score and Percentage of Edible Meat in Miniature Cornish-Cross Broilers

Abstract THE so-called Cornish-game miniature broilers are now being merchandised quite generally throughout Michigan and the United States. These young chickens are being merchandised in the “roasterdrawn” style for individual servings, and retailers are receiving from two to three times as much per pound for them as for most other fresh or fresh-frozen poultry meat products. This study was conducted to determine the percentage of edible cooked meat which could be obtained from representative samples of six week-old miniature broilers with selected meat-type ancestry. Since a range in meat-type was expected, the variability in percentage of cooked meat obtained from different meat-type broilers was also desired. PROCEDURE All chickens used in this study were individually pedigreed 4 and were raised under the same brooding conditions. At the age of six weeks, birds weighing approximately one and one-half pounds were selected for slaughter and processing. According to Henderson et al. (1956) this live …
The “trivial neuron doctrine” is not trivial

I argue that the trivial neuron doctrine as characterized by Gold & Stoljar is not trivial; it appears to be inconsistent with property dualism as well as some forms of functionalism and externalism. I suggest that the problem is not so much with the particular way in which Gold & Stoljar draw the distinction as with the unruliness of the distinction itself. Their failure to see this may be why they misunderstand the views of the Churchlands.
Combination of Single Bead FTIR and Chemometrics in Combinatorial Chemistry: Application of the Multivariate Calibration Method in Monitoring Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis.

The single bead FTIR method has been used in quantitative analyses of solid-phase organic synthesis (SPOS) such as the determination of reaction kinetics and conversion yield. These studies rely on data analysis methods to extract quantitative information from IR spectra. However, the IR spectrum of a solid-phase sample contains vibrational bands from the starting material, product, and the polymer support itself. The coexistence of multiple chemical components causes severe spectral overlaps and sometimes makes quantitative analysis extremely difficult. In some cases, it is impossible to extract qualitative and quantitative information from overlapped IR spectra. In this paper, we use partial least squares (PLS), a chemometrics method, to achieve qualitative and quantitative analysis of samples that generate severely overlapped IR spectra. The primary loading factor obtained from a PLS calculation only displays those spectral features that have undergone changes during a SPOS reaction. Disappearing and e...
Pantothenic acid and coenzyme A in the developing guinea-pig liver.

Abstract 1. 1. A study was made of the relationship between free and bound pantothenic acid and CoA in the livers of guinea-pigs during development. Female guinea-pigs, maintained on a stock ration or on a synthetic diet known to support normal reproduction in this species, were mated when they reached maturity. Pregnancies were carefully timed. Free and bound pantothenic acid, and CoA were determined in livers of fetuses from 33 to 65 days of gestation, in new-born young, and at various times after birth. The concentrations of these compounds remained almost stationary from the 33rd to the 58th days of gestation. At 58 days of gestation, a sharp rise in bound pantothenic acid and in CoA occured which reached its maximum at 4 days after birth. No differences were found between animals receiving the synthetic diet and those receiving the stock diet. 2. 2. These results suggest that the critical period with respect to pantothenic acid and CoA in the developing guinea-pig is in the period shortly before and after birth.
Method of analytic continuation for the inverse spherical mean transform in constant curvature spaces

The following problem arises in thermoacoustic tomography and has intimate connection with PDEs and integral geometry. Reconstruct a function f supported in an n-dimensional ball B given the spherical means of f over all geodesic spheres centered on the boundary of B. We propose a new approach to this problem, which yields explicit reconstruction formulas in arbitrary constant curvature space, including euclidean space ℝ n , the n-dimensional sphere, and hyperbolic space. The main idea is analytic continuation of the corresponding operator families. The results are applied to inverse problems for a large class of Euler-Poisson-Darboux equations in constant curvature spaces of arbitrary dimension.
Sides of the Same Coin?: Coping and Resistance among Jamaican Data-Entry Operators

Since the late 1980s, the Jamaican government has sought to develop industry based on the export of information processing services such as data-entry and telemarketing. Such services make it possible for firms in industrialized countries to import computerized information to be used in their operations from developing countries for a fraction of the cost “at home.” Export of these services from Jamaica has provided employment for many women who might otherwise not have found work. The low wages, harsh working conditions, and lack of occupational mobility that has come to characterize the sector, however, has minimized the potential contribution of this new form of industry to these workers' welfare. Combined with the negative impact that macrolevel policies of structural adjustment have had on low-income households (higher prices and reduced public-service provision), it is easy to conclude that women workers have been the victims of processes imposed from above by policymakers interested only in getting...
Enhanced Vascular Endothelial Cell Function on Nanostructured Titanium Surface Features: The Role of Nano to Submicron Roughness

To study the contribution of different surface feature properties in improving vascular endothelial cell adhesion, rationally designed nano/sub-micron patterns with various dimensions were created on titanium surfaces in this study. In vitro results indicated that endothelial cell adhesion was improved when the titanium pattern dimensions decreased into the nano-scale. Specifically, endothelial cells preferred to adhere on sub-micron and nano rough titanium substrates compared to flat titanium. Moreover, titanium with nano and sub-micron roughness and with the same chemistry as compared to flat titanium, had significantly greater surface energy. Thus, the present study indicated the strong potential of surface nanotopography and nano/sub-micron roughness for improving current vascular stent design.
Thermal-aware scheduling for data parallel workloads on multi-core processors

The main objective of this paper is develop techniques to maximize the throughput of all cores so that both power and temperature constraints met for a multicore processor. The key levers that we have used for this optimization are the clock frequency as well as throttling of cores. The latter shuts off cores during inactive periods. We propose multiple heuristics for maximizing the data parallel throughput on multi-core processors with different frequency scaling schemes.
Sorption of water on compacts of bottle‐hydrated cement. I. The sorption and length‐change isotherms

To obtain information with regard to the porous structure of hydrated cement and the extent of its interaction with water, sorption and length-change isotherms were determined for this material. Compacts of bottle-hydrated cement were brought to equilibrium in a high-vacuum system at various humidities, and measurements of the changes in length and weight during this process, were made to draw the isotherms. Results showed that this system is basically similar to systems composed of other porous materials, although complicated by a discontinuity in the adsorption part of the cycle and a secondary hysteresis. It is considered that these characteristics are related and are the result of water associated with the system by a process other than physical adsorption. It is also shown that menisci exist in the system on desorption to as low as 31% R.H. and cause considerable contraction. A surface-area calculation by a new method for estimating the zero adsorbed water yield a value of 80·6 m.2/g.
Direct heteroepitaxial growth of thick AlN layers on sapphire substrates by hydride vapor phase epitaxy

Abstract Thick AlN layers were grown directly on sapphire substrates by hydride vapor phase epitaxy at growth rates of 40–60 μm/h. The resulting films were colorless, smooth and specular. Subsurface cracking, attributed to the plastic relief of tensile strain from island coalescence, was observed by Nomarski optical contrast microscopy and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy. Typical full-widths at half-maximum of X-ray rocking curves for the on-axis (0 0 0 2) and off-axis (2 0 2¯ 1) reflections of the AlN films were 310–640′′ and 630–800′′, respectively. The threading dislocation density was 2×10 9 cm −2 as determined by plan-view transmission electron microcopy. Convergent beam electron diffraction was used to determine that the surfaces of our AlN films are Al-face. These results represent substantial progress towards rapid production of AlN templates and free-standing AlN substrates of high optical quality.
Green vomiting in the first 72 hours in normal infants.

• From June 1980 to September 1984, forty-five newborns (weight, ≥2000 g), initially presumed normal, were seen with bilious vomiting in the first 72 hours and were prospectively followed up. Nine (20%) required surgical intervention, five (11%) had nonsurgical obstruction such as meconium plug or left microcolon, and the remaining 31 (69%) had idiopathic bilious vomiting. Infants with idiopathic bilious vomiting had a benign transient course and resumed feedings by 1 week of age; 30 of the 31 had normal or nonspecific findings on initial plain abdominal roentgenogram. Specific findings on the initial plain abdominal roentgenogram were noted in five infants, and four (80%) of these had a lesion requiring surgical intervention; 56% (5/9) of neonates with surgical lesions had normal or nonspecific findings on the plain abdominal roentgenograms. None developed bowel ischemia or midgut infarction secondary to a volvulus as they were identified by contrast studies shortly after the initial episode of bilious vomiting. Although the majority of "normal" neonates with bilious vomiting do not have a surgical lesion, this study indicates that 56% of surgical cases will be missed if contrast studies are not done. ( AJDC 1986;140:662-664)
First Report of Eastern Filbert Blight on Corylus avellana 'Gasaway' and 'VR20-11' Caused by Anisogramma anomala in New Jersey.

Eastern filbert blight (EFB) is a serious disease of European hazelnut, Corylus avellana L., which causes economic losses in Oregon (OR) where 99% of the U.S. crop is produced. The causal organism, Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Muller, is native east of the Rocky Mountains where it is found in association with C. americana Marshall. While C. americana is tolerant, EFB causes cankering, branch dieback, and death of C. avellana (3). EFB was first discovered in Washington State in the late 1960s (1). Since then, it has spread throughout the Willamette Valley of OR. In OR, ‘Gasaway’, an obsolete pollinizer, shows complete resistance to EFB, conferred by a dominant allele at a single locus (4). ‘Gasaway’ has been widely used in breeding at Oregon State University (OSU) to develop resistant cultivars that are used in most new orchards. In January 2008, cankers containing rows of dark brown elliptical stroma, characteristic of EFB, were first observed on more than 25 trees of ‘Gasaway’ growing at the Rutgers Uni...
Socio-semantic conversational information access

We develop an innovative approach to delivering relevant information using a combination of socio-semantic search and filtering approaches. The goal is to facilitate timely and relevant information access through the medium of conversations by mixing past community specific conversational knowledge and web information access to recommend and connect users and information together. Conversational Information Access is a socio-semantic search and recommendation activity with the goal to interactively engage people in conversations by receiving agent supported recommendations. It is useful because people engage in online social discussions unlike solitary search; the agent brings in relevant information as well as identifies relevant users; participants provide feedback during the conversation that the agent uses to improve its recommendations.
Relation of the pituitary gland to gonadal hormone effects on the adrenocortical 11β-hydroxylase system in rats

Abstract Studies were conducted to further examine the mechanisms responsible for gonadal hormone effects on the rat adrenocortical 11β-hydroxylase system. Despite higher concentrations of cytochrome P-450 and larger 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC)-induced difference spectra in adrenal mitochondria from females than males, no sex difference in 11β-hydroxylase activity was observed. The pregnenolone-induced difference spectrum, indicative of cholesterol binding to cytochrome P-450, also was similar in males and females. Testosterone administration to castrated males lowered both 11β-hydroxylase activity and mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 content. Estradiol produced the opposite effects in castrated females. However, when given to ACTH-replaced hypophysectomized rats, neither testosterone nor estradiol affected cytochrome P-450 levels or the rate of 11β-hydroxylation. These observations, taken with the known effects of estradiol and testosterone on ACTH secretion in rats and the effects of ACTH on 11β-hydroxylation, indicate that gonadal hormone effects on the 11β-hydroxylase system are mediated by ACTH.
The two-way orbits

This paper introduces a new set of compatible orbits, called the "two-way orbits", whose ground track path is a closed-loop trajectory that intersect itself, in some points, with tangent intersections. The spacecraft passes over these tangent intersections once in a prograde and once in a retrograde mode. The general mathematical model to design the two-way orbits is presented for the specific case where the tangent points are experienced at the orbit extremes: perigee and apogee. As for the general case, the two-way orbits conditions are formulated and numerically solved. Results show that, in general, two-way orbits could be formed at a general tangency point. Using these two-way orbits, this paper also introduces the two-way constellations, that have one spacecraft prograde and one retrograde, passing simultaneously over the tangent intersections.
Mechanism of entry of 5-bromouracil and orthophosphate into deoxyribonucleic acid of E. coli.

Mechanism of Entry of 5-Bromouracil and Orthophosphate into Deoxyribonucleic Acid of E. Coli
Prolonged disease-free and treatment-free survival in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer following extended (>1 year) administration of single-agent paclitaxel: A case report and discussion of potential clinical implications.

Background: The optimal duration of therapy for women with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer who respond to second-line treatment programs remains undefined. Case report: A patient with well-documented platinum-resistant ovarian cancer who responded to single-agent paclitaxel (175 mg/m2 over 3 hours q 28–35 days) was continued on this program for a total of 15 cycles delivered over a period of 16 months. The patient has subsequently remained without evidence of disease recurrence > 7 years following discontinuation of this treatment regimen. Conclusion: The prolonged administration of paclitaxel, a highly cycle-specific cytotoxic agent, is a rational management option in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer who exhibit evidence of a response to therapy and who do not experience excessive treatment-associated toxicity (e.g., grade 2–3 peripheral neuropathy).
Tritrichomonas foetus infections in surveyed pet cats

Tritrichomonas foetus is the causative agent of feline trichomoniasis, a large-bowel disease resulting in chronic diarrhea. Feline trichomoniasis has been reported in cats of both pure and mixed breeds and in both males and females. In order to estimate the prevalence of trichomoniasis in the pet cat population, we requested fecal samples, via veterinarians throughout the United States, from cats with or without clinical signs of trichomoniasis. Of the 173 feline fecal samples received from veterinarians, 17 were culture and PCR positive for T. foetus. Our results suggested no correlation between breed or sex and infection with T. foetus. All cats that were infected with T. foetus had diarrhea at the time the fecal sample was taken. Other enteric pathogens were present in nine of the 17 positive cats. Our results support that trichomoniasis is a disease of younger male and female cats of all breeds.
Control and Analysis of Magnetic Switch Reset Current in Pulsed Power Systems

This letter presents the operation characteristics of the magnetic switch attributed to the input voltage and pulse frequency in the pulsed power system. The reset current control method is proposed for improving efficiency of the magnetic switch because this method will optimally controls the hysteresis loop of the magnetic switch. Also, this method controls the saturation of the magnetic core by adjusting the amount of reset current flowing in the magnetic switch when the input voltage and pulse frequency at the pulsed power system are changed. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed reset current control method of the magnetic switch.
The effect of aberrated recording beams on reflecting Bragg gratings

The effect of aberrations present in the recording beams of a holographic setup is discussed regarding the period and spectral response of a reflecting volume Bragg grating. Imperfect recording beams result in spatially varying resonant wavelengths and the side lobes of the spectrum are washed out. Asymmetrical spectra, spectral broadening, and a reduction in peak diffraction efficiency may also be present, though these effects are less significant for gratings with wider spectral widths. Reflecting Bragg gratings (RBGs) are used as elements in a variety of applications including spectral beam combining1,2, mode locking3,4, longitudinal and transverse mode selection in lasers5,6, and sensing7,8. For applications requiring narrow spectral selectivity9, or large apertures10, these gratings must have a uniform period throughout the length of the recording medium, which may be on the order of millimeters. However, when using typical recording techniques such as two-beam interference for large aperture gratings and phase-mask recording of fiber gratings, aberrations from the optical elements in the system result in an imperfect grating structure11-13. In this paper we consider the effects of aberrations on large aperture gratings recorded in thick media using the two-beam interference technique. Previous works in analyzing the effects of aberrations have considered the effects of aberrations in a single recording plane where the beams perfectly overlap. Such an approach is valid for thin media (on the order of tens of microns), but for thick recording media (on the order of several millimeters) there will be a significant shift in the positions of the beams relative to each other as they traverse the recording medium. Therefore, the fringe pattern produced will not be constant throughout the grating if one or both beams have a non-uniform wavefront. Such non-uniform gratings may have a wider spectral width, a shifted resonant wavelength, or other problems. It is imperative therefore to know what the effects of aberrations will have on the properties of the RBGs. Thus, in this paper we consider the imperfect fringe pattern caused by the recording beams and its effect on the diffraction efficiency and spectral profile of the recorded reflecting volume Bragg gratings.
Synthesis, proteolytic processing and complex formation of N-terminally nested precursor proteins of the Rift Valley fever virus glycoproteins

The genomic M RNA segment of Rift Valley fever virus is transcribed to produce a single mRNA with multiple translation initiation sites. The products of translation are an N-terminal nested series of polyproteins. These polyproteins enter the secretory system of the host cell and are proteolytically processed to yield the mature virion glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, and two non-structural glycoproteins. By means of pulse-chase immune precipitation experiments we identify the Gn and Gc precursor molecules and also show that signal peptidase cleavage is required for mature Gn and Gc production. We also demonstrate that a hydrophobic domain at the N-terminus of Gn acts as a signal peptide only in the context of the polyprotein precursors that initiate at the second, fourth or fifth AUGs. In addition, we document that formation of Gn/Gc heteromeric complexes occur rapidly (<5 min) and can occur prior to signal peptidase processing of Gn, suggesting that this complex forms in the endoplasmic reticulum. Interestingly, Gc can form a complex with a glycoprotein that has been considered nonstructural, a discovery that has implications for both the topology and potential packaging of this glycoprotein.
The effect of charged particles when preparing ZnO thin film by ion beam sputtering deposition

Abstract Zinc oxide films have been prepared by ion beam sputtering deposition. The irradiation effects of the charged particles on the ZnO film crystallographic orientation during deposition are studied. Two methods are adopted to control the bombardment of the charged particles. One applies a bias voltage to the substrate, and the other bombards the substrate with ions. When the substrate is positively biased, the c-axis preferred orientation of the ZnO film is destroyed by the negatively charged particles. When the substrate is negatively biased, or irradiated with argon ions from a side ion gun, certain conditions lead to c-axis orientation. When the substrate is irradiated with oxygen ions, a change to c-axis orientation can clearly be observed. Positive oxygen ion irradiation presumably has an effect on the formation of ZnO film c-axis orientation.
Is the Mammosomatotrope a Transitional Cell for the Functional Interconversion of Growth Hormone- and Prolactin- Secreting Cells? Suggestive Evidence from Virgin, Gestating, and Lactating Rats*

Serum concentrations of PRL and GH increase and decrease, respectively, during the progression from nonpregnancy through lactation. However, it is unknown whether the secretory capacities and/or relative abundance of cells that release PRL or GH are altered during these physiological states. In the present study anterior pituitaries from adult virgin, gestating, and early or late lactating female rats were dispersed with trypsin and subsequently assayed for PRL and GH release using reverse hemolytic plaque assays. We found that the relative abundance of PRL-secreting cells was greater and that of GH cells lower in pituitaries from lactating females than in those from virgins. Moreover, the relative amounts of both PRL and GH released per cell were diminished in gestating and lactating females. For PRL, this decrease could be accounted for by an increase in the number of cells that released small quantities of hormone. We then performed simultaneous plaque assays to determine whether the shifts in the rela...
Genetic basis for remating in Drosophila melanogaster. III. Correlated responses to selection for female remating speed.

Two natural populations ofDrosophila melanogaster selected for fast and slow female remating (Gromko and Newport,Behav. Genet.18: 621–632, 1988) were analyzed for correlated responses to selection. Several of the correlated responses differed between the lines derived from the two different source populations. In particular, the degree to which female receptivity to remating was dependent on the number of sperm in storage ceptivity to remating was dependent on the number of sperm in storage remained high in one pair of fast and slow selected lines but not in the other. In the line which retained sperm dependence (JEFFERS), fast and slow remating was achieved by changes in the threshold at which remating occurred. In the other line (COMP) changes in the temporal pattern of sperm use were seen. Thus both the level of the receptivity threshold and the existence of a sperm effect appeared to be selectable features of this species. Mated female attractiveness and receptivity were shown to be genetically distinct from virgin female attractiveness and receptivity. Effects of the genotype of the female on copulation duration were found.