cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Verapamil Administration in Variant Angina Pectoris: Efficacy Shown by ECG Monitoring

Six patients with Prinzmetal's variant angina were treated with oral verapamil administration. Before and after the initiation of therapy, ambulatory ECG monitoring was performed to assess objectively the response to therapy. With verapamil administration, the frequency of both chest pain and transient ST-segment deviations was sharply diminished. (JAMA1981;245:1849-1851)
The analysis of the transference: a matter of emphasis or of theory reformulation?

Evaluation de la theorie de l'analyse du transfert chez Merton Gill. Examen de deux monographies sur la technique, qui mettent l'accent sur la nature interactive et interpersonnelle du transfert, cas cliniques a l'appui
Models for actin polymerization motors

Actin polymerization drives cell membrane protrusions and the propulsion of intracellular pathogens. The molecular mechanisms driving actin polymerization are not yet fully understood. Various mathematical models have been proposed to explain how cells convert chemical energy released upon actin polymerization into a pushing force on a surface. These models have attempted to explain puzzling properties of actin-based motility, including persistent attachment of the network to the membrane during propulsion and the interesting trajectories of propelled particles. These models fall generally into two classes: those requiring filament (+)-ends to fluctuate freely from the membrane to add subunits, and those where filaments elongate with their (+)-ends persistently associated with surface through filament end-tracking proteins ("actoclampin" models). This review compares and contrasts the key predictions of these two classes of models with regard to force-velocity profiles, and evaluates them with respect to experiments with biomimetic particles, and the experimental evidence on the role of end-tracking proteins such as formins and nucleation-promoting factors in actin-based motility.
Automatic phrase indexing for document retrieval

An automatic phrase indexing method based on the term discrimination model is described, and the results of retrieval experiments on five document collections are presented. Problems related to this non-syntactic phrase construction method are discussed, and some possible solutions are proposed that make use of information about the syntactic structure of document and query texts.
Paradoxicality of Institution, De-Institutionalization and the Counter-Institutional: A Case Study in Classical Chinese Chan Buddhist Thought

This article examines the issue of the paradoxicality of institution, de-institutionalization, or the counter-institutionalization in classical Chan thought by focusing on the texts of Hongzhou School. It first analyzes the problem of 20th century scholars in characterizing the Chan attitude toward institution as iconoclasts, and the problem of the recent tendency to return to images of the Chan masters as traditionalists, as opposed to iconoclasts. Both problems are examples of imposing an oppositional way of thinking on the Chan masters. The essay then introduces a new paradigm for interpreting the Chan attitude toward institution, the model of de-institutionalization, which borrows certain insights from Derrida’s idea of the counter-institutional. However, the new model is supported by the Chan heritage of Mahayana Buddhist philosophy. This model can more consistently construe the Chan understanding of the paradoxicality of institution, the subtle Chan relationship of being “with and against” institution, and the Chan “middle way” to make institution remain open to its outside and to transformation.
Generality of treatment effects with parents as therapists: A review of assessment and implementation procedures*

The present paper reviews procedures used to assess and implement generality of treatment when parents are trained as behavior therapists. Temporal, setting, behavioral, and sibling generality are examined. A variety of assessment procedures have been employed. Unfortunately, the more rigorous the method of assessment, the less positive the results have been. Few studies have systematically examined procedures to institute treatment generality. Future areas of research in both the assessment and implementation of generality of treatment effects with parents as therapists are discussed.
X-ray emission from an intense ultrashort pulse laser--aluminum target interaction

The interaction of an intense subpicosecond laser pulse with a planar aluminum target is investigated to determine the characteristics of the evolving plasma. In particular, attention is focused on the emitted x-ray pulse, its spectra including K(alpha ) emission, and intensity. The interaction is simulated with a non-LTE radiation hydrodynamics model self-consistently coupled to a Helmholtz wave equation describing the absorption of S- and P- polarized incident laser radiation. A fraction of the absorbed laser energy is redistributed and expended in fast electrons, which are transported and deposit their energy producing local heating, inner-shell atomic vacancies and K(alpha ) radiation. The feasibility of creating conditions conducive to the formation of atomic population inversions leading to gain in selected K- and L-shell transitions is explored.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Extrapituitary actions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone: stimulation of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-4 and atresia.

To understand how the intrinsic GnRH system functions in the ovary, we tested the effects of GnRH agonist (GnRH-a) on insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) production, a novel marker of atresia. We also tested the ability of GnRH-a to stimulate atresia in vivo. When rat granulosa cells were cultured in defined medium for 2 days (controls), relatively large amounts of the 24,000 relative molecular mass IGFBP-4 accumulated in the medium. FSH (100 ng/ml) inhibited control IGFBP-4 protein levels and stimulated IGFBP-4 protease activity. GnRH-a increased (up to 4-fold) IGFBP-4 accumulation in the medium (ED50 = 1 x 10(-10) M), and the effect was blocked by a GnRH antagonist. Neither GnRH-a nor its antagonist had a detectable effect on protease activity. In coincubation experiments, GnRH-a effectively inhibited (ED50 = 3 x 10(-11) M) the FSH responses, and the effect of GnRH-a was blocked by GnRH antagonist. A 6-day time-course experiment showed that IGFBP-4 accumulation in control cultures rem...
The Merger of the PDS and WASG: From Eastern German Regional Party to National Radical Left Party?

This article argues that the merger of the PDS with the WASG offers the new ‘Left Party’ an opportunity to realise a long-held goal of the PDS – a firm place in Germany's party system as a nationwide party of the radical left. Much, however, will depend upon the successful resolution, or at least successful management, of some key points of conflict. To understand the challenges involved here, the article compares and contrasts the merger of the German Greens and Alliance '90 with that of the PDS and WASG. Although there are some striking similarities between the two merger processes, there are also some significant differences, differences that suggest that the long-term marriage of the PDS and WASG may be a rocky one.
TU‐EE‐A2‐05: Hypofractionation: What Does It Mean For Prostate Cancer Treatment?

Purpose: Using current radiobiological models, we quantitatively examined the predicted clinical consequences of hypofractionation in prostate cancerradiotherapy while varying biological indices such as α/β, SF2, and total dose and dose per fraction. Method and Materials: Four hypofractionated treatment regimens, 22×2.94Gy, 16×3.63Gy, 12×4.3Gy, and 5×6.7Gy, were compared with standard fractionation of 39×2Gy. All regimens produce similar EQD2 to the tumor assuming α/β=2.4Gy for prostate carcinoma. Actual α/β values ranging from 1.5 to 8.5Gy for prostate carcinoma and fixed α/β values of 4Gy for both rectum and bladder were used to calculate biologically relevant parameters. The LQ model and gEUD formalism were used to transform the physical dose distribution into normalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD2), from which TCP and NTCP were calculated. Final ranking of the radiotherapy plans was based on “complication‐free tumorcontrol probability”. Results: gEUD2 to rectum and bladder decreased by 28% and 23%, respectively, in the 6.7Gy/fraction regimen compared with 2Gy/fraction using “a”=5 for the gEUD calculation. A corresponding 10% decrease in NTCP was predicted for the 6.7Gy/fraction regimen compared with 2Gy/fraction. Conversely, predicted TCP for hypofractionated regimens decreases significantly with increasing SF2 and α/β. We found that for relatively responsive tumor cells (SF2=0.4–0.5), complication‐free tumorcontrol probability was superior for nearly all hypofractionated regimens even for α/β values up to 8.5Gy. For less responsive tumor cells, (SF2=0.6), 6.7Gy/fx is predicted to be inferior to standard fractionation even when α/β=1.7Gy, and the other hypofractionation regimens remain superior to the standard fractionation for α/β values up to 3.5Gy. Conclusion: Existing radiobiological data and models predict better clinical results from hypofractionation than standard fractionation for prostate carcinoma when SF2<0.5 and <5×106 clonogenic cells, implying that it is superior for early stage disease. This is true even when tumor α/β is high. Part funded by Varian Medical Systems.
Low-Lying Levels in Certain Actinide Atoms

The problem of calculating the ordering and properties of low-lying levels in configurations of the type $5{f}^{n}6d$ falls into four parts: (a) the choice of a coupling scheme to define the basic eigenfunctions; (b) the evaluation of the matrix elements of the spin-orbit interaction and of the Coulomb interaction in the form of linear combinations of certain radial integrals; (c) the estimation of the radial integrals; (d) the diagonalization of the energy matrices. With regard to (a), the $\mathrm{Jj}$ coupling scheme is considered to be the most appropriate; this implies that the Coulomb interaction between the core, comprising the equivalent $f$ electrons, and the $d$ electron (to whose levels the respective symbols $J$ and $j$ refer) is weak compared with the interactions within the two systems. Part (b) is carried out by applying the tensor operator and group theoretical methods of Racah. For (c), values of the Slater integrals ${F}_{k}(5f, 6d)$ and ${G}_{k}(5f, 6d)$ are estimated for various atoms by assuming that they maintain the ratios one to another as they do in Thiii, and that their variation along the actinide series parallels the variation of ${G}^{3}(5f, 7s)$. The last parameter is known for Thiii, and analyses of Uii, Puii, and Amii show that it decreases as one advances along the actinide series. This decline is interpreted as being due to the collapse of the $5f$ shell, and the internal nature of the $5f$ electrons allows some general statements to be made about the spin-orbit coupling constants. Additional information on the parameters is provided by an analysis of the properties of the four lowest levels of Cmi. Part (d) is accomplished for the very lowest levels of ${f}^{2}d$, ${f}^{3}d$, ${f}^{4}d$, ${f}^{8}d$, and ${f}^{10}d$ by the simple expedient of neglecting all off-diagonal elements; for Ui ${f}^{3}d$, where extensive spectroscopic information is available, the interaction of the levels deriving from the $\mathrm{Jj}$ coupling of $^{4}I_{\frac{9}{2}}$ to $^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}}$ with those deriving from the coupling of $^{4}I_{\frac{11}{2}}$ to $^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}}$ is included. Where experimental data are available, agreement with the theory, both in respect to the positions of the levels and to their Land\'e $g$ values, is good---often surprisingly so in view of the approximations made.
A realistic theory for the electronic structure of the cuprates

Abstract The electronic structure of the high- T c cuprates is studied on the basis of ‘large- U ’ and ‘small- U ’ orbitals. The results are consistent with many anomalous properties of the cuprates.
Electric field induced transition in the charge-transfer exciton band of anthracene-PMDA

Abstract A second, electric field induced zero-phonon transition has been observed in single crystals of anthracene-PMDA (pyromellitic acid dianhydride). The second transition is 10 cm −1 above the lowest zero-phonon absorption; its intensity increases with increasing field strength under conservation of oscillator strength for the two transitions. The measured splitting of 10 cm −1 is interpreted in terms of the charge-transfer exciton bandwidth. The measured field-shift gives an approximate value Δμ for the change in dipole moment which characterizes the creation of an ionic charge-transfer state.
Methodologic Issues in the Conduct and Interpretation of Pediatric Effectiveness Research

Effectiveness research represents a number of methodologic challenges not shared with randomized, controlled clinical trials. This practice-based research attempts to translate clinical practices to a wide variety of different practice settings and situations and to diverse patient subgroups. However, because study designs most often used in the conduct of effectiveness research limit the ability to establish firm causal links between medical care and outcomes, it is important to address key methodologic features to generate sound, useable findings. Such features include selection of appropriate outcome measures (with a priori hypotheses linking care to the outcomes chosen), specification of appropriate primary sampling unit, specification of unit of analysis, establishment of appropriate comparison groups, and case-mix adjustment. Conduct of this type of research in pediatrics presents a number of unique methodologic concerns that either do not apply in adult medicine or are particularly acute in pediatrics. To alert policy makers and funders to the unique aspects of pediatric health services research and to provide guidance for the conduct and interpretation of pediatric effectiveness studies, we have organized and described the methodologic issues associated with the specific type of pediatric care under study (eg, specific disease-prevention, "bundled" care for chronic disease, care for problems with social etiologies, etc). We conclude with a summary of the methodologic steps that are critical to the conduct of sound effectiveness research in pediatrics.
Dynamics of Air and Wall Temperatures in Multiroom Buildings

Temperatures have been recorded every five minutes in a number of rooms in a student dormitory. The experimental data are presented as an example of room temperature dynamics in a large multi-room building. Statistical analyses of the data have been carried out to provide auto-correlations of individual room temperatures, its power spectral density, histogram, and the cross-correlations between the temperatures in neighboring rooms. A fairly complicated behavior is observed. A parallel, simplified mathematical model is set up for air and wall temperatures in multiple rooms to explain the temperature dynamics. Each room has an independent heater that switches on and off at certain lower and upper limits, respectively. The governing equations are based on energy balances with heat exchanges occurring between the air in a room and the walls surrounding it, and with the exterior. The instants at which heaters switch on or off are determined by the temperatures, leading thus to a non-linear set of equations. The governing equations are non-dimensionalized to provide the significant non-dimensional groups of the system: there are two which characterize the problem. Limiting solutions for large and small values of these groups provide physical explanation for the effect of the walls. Numerical solutions of this set of first-order ordinary differential equations are easily obtained, and examples of this are shown. The results show that there are still other physical effects to be considered before theory and experiments can be reasonably compared.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
The evaluation of Q aVf by the initial sagittal QRS vectors in 70 autopsied cases.

Abstract The 0.02 second sagittal vector is more accurate in the diagnosis of posterior myocardial infarction than the usual electrocardiographic criteria. This conclusion is based on a study of 70 autopsied cases with a Q wave in Lead aV F in which a sagittal vector was determined. A positive 0.02 second sagittal vector (one from −65° to −150°) was present in 24 of 25 cases with posterior infarction, while 38 of 39 cases without a posterior infarction had a negative 0.02 second sagittal vector. When both a positive 0.02 second sagittal vector and a Q aV F 0.04 second or longer were required for the diagnosis of posterior infarction, and the presence of only one of these two criteria was interpreted as probably indicating a posterior infarction, 90 per cent of these 70 cases were correctly diagnosed. The remaining 10 per cent were cases diagnosed as probably having a posterior myocardial infarction when none was present at autopsy. There were no cases completely misdiagnosed by these criteria, while 10 per cent of cases were misdiagnosed when only the depth and duration of Q aV F were used. The 0.02 second sagittal vector can be determined easily by the use of a two-channel electrocardiograph and can be estimated in most cases by the separate recording of aV F and the Wilson V B lead.
Metabolic regulation of cardiac ATP-sensitive K+ channels

Activation of ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels has been implicated as a cause of increased cellular K+ efflux and action potential duration (APD) shortening during myocardial ischemia, hypoxia, and selective glycolytic inhibition, since selective KATP channel antagonists partially or completely block increased cellular K+ efflux and APD shortening under these conditions. During substrate-free hypoxia or myocardial ischemia in intact rabbit ventricle, unidirectional K+ efflux rate during systole approximately doubled and APD decreased by ≈40% after 10 minutes. In patch-clamped guinea pig ventricular myocytes, similar changes could be produced by activation of <0.5% of the maximal KATP channel conductance. Furthermore, from studying the desensitizing effects of ADPi on the ATP sensitivity of KATP channels in excised inside-out patches, it was estimated that the rapid changes in the cytosolic ATP/ADP ratio during ischemia and hypoxia were of sufficient magnitude to activate KATP channels to this degree. During selective glycolytic inhibition, however, the global cytosolic ATP/ADP ratio in intact heart remained normal despite an increase in cellular K+ efflux comparable to ischemia and hypoxia. In patch-clamped saponin-permeabilized ventricular myocytes, KATP channels were preferentially suppressed by glycolytic ATP production compared to ATP generated by mitochondria or by the creatinine kinase reaction, and functional glycolytic enzymes were found to be associated with KATP channels in excised membrane patches. We hypothesize that sarcolemma-associated glycolytic enzymes may be important in maintaining a high local cytosolic ATP/ADP ratio in the vicinity of KATP channels, where sarcolemmal ATPases are tending to depress the local ATP/ADP ratio.
Onset During Exercise of Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection and Sudden Death: Occurrence in a Trained Athlete: Case Report and Review of Prior Cases

This report describes a spontaneous coronary artery dissection occurring during exercise in a long-distance runner who otherwise had a normal coronary arteriogram. This syndrome has been reported before and the two previous cases are reviewed. Coronary dissection is a rare cause of death during exercise.
New perspectives on graptolite distributions and their use as indicators of platform margin dynamics

Graptolite distributions in Ordovician shelf, slope, and basinal facies in the Great Basin indicate that graptolites were scarce in open oceanic waters oceanward of the Cordilleran shelf margin and that they thrived in waters above the margin. This pattern is consistent with that of most zooplankton in modern oceans. It follows from these observations that the depositional setting of typical graptolitic shale was the area of the sea floor under continental-margin upwelling zones where graptolites flourished and within the oxygen-minimum zone where their rhabdosomes were preserved. With changes over time in relative sea level, deep oceanic circulation, and wind-driven surface circulation, the upwelling and oxygen-minimum zones may have thickened or thinned, migrated landward or oceanward, and expanded laterally, contracted, or even disappeared. The observed graptolite occurrences suggest that the primary graptolite biotope—that is, the habitat of diverse and abundant faunas—was a relatively narrow belt of upwelling waters along, and extending somewhat open oceanward from, the continental margin. Provinces were maintained only to the extent that species could disperse along continental margins. Distribution of typical graptolitic strata may be used to interpret development of continental margins, because such distribution incorporates a signal of sea-level rise or fall, oceanographic changes (especially upwelling), and tectonic events that led to creation and deterioration of upwelling conditions in which graptolites flourished.
Regulation of calcium uptake in synaptosomes from rat brain by DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid

DL-2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid stimulated calcium influx into synaptosomes isolated from rat brain. The increase in Ca2+ permeability of the synaptosomal membranes induced by this amino acid is not markedly dependent on the membrane potential or Na+ concentration. It is postulated that 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid is an agonist for a receptor(s) which regulates intraneuronal free calcium concentrations by modulating a selective calcium channel. The observed stimulation of calcium uptake may provide an assay system for purification of the endogenous ligand for this receptor and for characterization of its physiological role in neuronal function.
Event study with imperfect competition and private information: earnings announcements revisited

Although prior research documents that prices respond to earnings announcements, only a little of the price variation is explained by these announcements. To further investigate the properties of the information environment around these announcements we use NYSE TAQ data and compute the maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) of the primitive parameters of a Kyle (Econometrica 53(6):1315–1336, 1985) type model within and around earnings announcement windows. These include the precision of fundamentals given only public information, the precision of private signals, and the variance of uninformed liquidity trading (noise). We find that liquidity noise is higher while the precision of beliefs given only public information is lower within an earnings announcement window. The precision of private information is higher in an event window, consistent with greater information acquisition to try and interpret a public announcement. We also document that Kyle’s λ is higher in an event window, showing an overall increase in information asymmetry. Our overall findings suggest that the earnings announcement window is distinguished from the preceding and subsequent windows not by being a period with more public information but as a period with different public information.
Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education competency-based on-line computer course in pediatric oncology for urology residents.

OBJECTIVE To develop an on-line course in pediatric urology for our urology residents, to expose residents to required pediatric urology content within the confines of an 80-hour work week. METHODS An on-line, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education competency-based course in pediatric urology was designed using a commercially based platform. RESULTS The computer-based teaching course was flexible and provided virtually limitless opportunities for course design, structure, and content. CONCLUSIONS Computer-based teaching platforms may be a useful alternative teaching method to facilitate urology resident education within the confines of an 80-hour work week.
Stochastic Adaptive Control of Multiple Delay Systems

In this paper we consider the indirect adaptive minimum variance control for multiple delay systems based on a projected extended least squares algorithm. We establish its stability, self-optimizing and self-tuning properties, and rates of convergence.
Further déjà vu in the search for cross-situational consistency: a response to Mischel and Peake

Mischel et Peake (1982) ont critique des propositions recentes pour aborder la question de la variabilite trans-situationnelle du comportement. L'auteur repond a ces critiques en developpant ses conceptions sur le role des variables liees a la personne
Attributions for success and failure among Anglo, Black, Hispanic, and Native American community college students

Summary Low-achieving Anglo, Black, Hispanic, and Native American community college students (N = 399) were administered the Multidimensional-Multiattributional Causality Scale in order to examine attributions of academic success and failure to ability, effort, context, and luck. The four ethnic groups were similar in their attributions of success to external causes (Factor I), and of success to internal causes (Factor II). On Factor III Blacks and Native Americans were similar, as were Anglos and Hispanics.
Managing Notifications in a Federated S2S Environment

The goal of the Federated Intelligent Product Environment (FIPER) is to form a federation of distributed services that provide engineering data, applications and tools on a network. A highly flexible software architecture has been developed, in which engineering tools like computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided engineering (CAE), product data management (PDM), optimization, cost modeling, etc., act as distributed service providers and service requestors. Service providers can enter the federation by registering with a service registry and publish the services through a process of discovery and join. An environment like this requires a mechanism for interprocess message passing from services to clients, services to services, and even clients to clients. The design issues of such a system and its implementation in the FIPER environment are described.
Drosophila switch gene Sex-lethal can bypass its switch-gene target transformer to regulate aspects of female behavior

The switch gene Sex-lethal (Sxl) was thought to elicit all aspects of Drosophila female somatic differentiation other than size dimorphism by controlling only the switch gene transformer (tra). Here we show instead that Sxl controls an aspect of female sexual behavior by acting on a target other than or in addition to tra. We inferred the existence of this unknown Sxl target from the observation that a constitutively feminizing tra transgene that restores fertility to tra(-) females failed to restore fertility to Sxl-mutant females that were adult viable but functionally tra(-). The sterility of these mutant females was caused by an ovulation failure. Because tra expression is not sufficient to render these Sxl-mutant females fertile, we refer to this pathway as the tra-insufficient feminization (TIF) branch of the sex-determination regulatory pathway. Using a transgene that conditionally expresses two Sxl feminizing isoforms, we find that the TIF branch is required developmentally for neurons that also sex-specifically express fruitless, a tra gene target controlling sexual behavior. Thus, in a subset of fruitless neurons, targets of the TIF and tra pathways appear to collaborate to control ovulation. In most insects, Sxl has no sex-specific functions, and tra, rather than Sxl, is both the target of the primary sex signal and the gene that maintains the female developmental commitment via positive autoregulation. The TIF pathway may represent an ancestral female-specific function acquired by Sxl in an early evolutionary step toward its becoming the regulator of tra in Drosophila.
Interfacial fracture mechanisms in solid solution directionally solidified eutectic oxide composites

Abstract The interfacial fracture behavior of the solid solution directionally solidified eutectic oxide, Co1 − xNixO/ZrO2(CaO), is investigated via indentation testing. An abrupt transition from interfacial delamination to interfacial penetration is observed as a function of NiO fraction (x>0.33). The use of a focused ion beam technique is introduced as a means for exploring sub-surface cracking in brittle materials. The sub-surface observations revealed a compositional transition from energy dissipative mechanisms (e.g., delamination, secondary cracking) for cracking to brittle cracking behavior, in the Co1 − xNixO phase. It is proposed that the transition in interfacial fracture behavior for the directionally solidified eutectic material is the result of competing dislocation-based crack nucleation mechanisms. The observations and analyses have significant implications for fracture behavior in composites with one phase exhibiting (pseudo-) plastic behavior.
Party Government in Presidential Democracies: Extending Cartel Theory Beyond the U.S. Congress

Cartel Theory (and partisan theory more generally) expertly explains the functioning of the U.S. Congress. However, as a theory originally developed to study a single legislature where the institutional context differs greatly from that found in other presidential democracies, its applicability to these democracies has been questioned. Between one extreme represented by the United States (where legislators control their own political future) and the other represented by centralized party systems (where the national party leadership controls legislators' future) exists an intermediate group of democracies where subparty bosses are the key actors, controlling the future of subsets of a party's legislative delegation. We analyze one of these intermediate democracies, Argentina, and demonstrate the general applicability of Cartel Theory to an institutional context that differs notably from that found in the United States. We highlight how the theory can be adapted to a political system where subparty bosses, not individual legislators, are the most relevant political actors.
Formation and crystallization of ZrCuTi metallic glasses

We report the suction casting of Zr65Cu27Ti8 bulk metallic glasses with diameters up to 1 mm. While the substitution of Ti for Cu increases the glass forming ability significantly, the onset crystallization temperature and the width of the supercooled liquid region decrease. This decrease is due to the appearance of an icosahedral quasicrystal phase, which crystallises from the glass at a lower temperature than the Zr2Cu devitrification product in the Zr65Cu35 glasses. Based on the results of recent structural studies of undercooled Ti/Zr-based alloys, this likely reflects the formation of icosahedral order in the undercooled liquid, which increases the nucleation barrier for the Zr2Cu phase during the quench, making glass formation easier.
Food habits of deep-sea macrourid fishes off the Oregon coast

Abstract The abyssal macrourid fishes off Oregon are generalized feeders, as theory predicts for large searchers in an unproductive environment. Analysis of stomach contents revealed that fish feed on a wide variety of foods, but the proportions of different taxa of food vary among and within species, indicating some food selectivity. Broad feeding overlaps occurred between large Coryphaenoides armatus and C. filifer , which fed mainly on squid and fish, and between small C. armatus and C. leptolepis , which fed largely on epifaunal crustaceans. Pelagic crustaceans were numerous in the stomachs of large C. leptolepis . Overlap among the food of these macrourids was more than the overlap among shallow-water, demersal fishes. Most food consisted of epifauna or pelagic animals. It is not known if the squid, shrimp, and fish prey, known to inhabit mesopelagic depths, have vertical distributions extending to 2800 m where they were consumed, or whether macrourids forage far above the bottom. The fact that some squid beaks were from squids larger than the fish which ate them suggests that macrourids are sometimes scavengers and feed on sinking carcasses. The importance of pelagic animals in the diet of large macrourids implies a direct trophic link between abyssobenthic and pelagic animals that may be important in the transport of energy and elements into the deep ocean.
O + Excited States in the Actinides

We present a calculation of ${0}^{+}$ excited states in the actinides for a pairing-force theory of the type suggested by Griffin, Jackson, and Volkov. Contrary to previous results, we find that such a theory does not explain low-lying ${0}^{+}$ excited states in the actinides any better than does a conventional pairing-force theory.
LumiNOC: A low-latency, high-bandwidth per Watt, photonic Network-on-Chip

To meet energy-efficient performance demands, the computing industry has moved to parallel computer architectures, such as chip-multi-processors (CMPs), internally interconnected via networks-on-chip (NoC) to meet growing communication needs. Achieving scaling performance as core counts increase to the hundreds in future CMPs, however, will require high performance, yet energy-efficient interconnects. Silicon nanophotonics is a promising replacement for electronic on-chip interconnect due to its high bandwidth and low latency, however, prior techniques have required high static power for the laser and ring thermal tuning. We propose a novel nanophotonic NoC architecture, LumiNOC, optimized for high performance and power-efficiency. This paper makes three primary contributions: a novel, nanophotonic architecture which partitions the network in to subnets for better efficiency; a purely photonic, in-band, distributed arbitration scheme; and a channel sharing arrangement utilizing the same waveguides and wavelengths for arbitration as data transmission. In a 64-node NoC under synthetic traffic, LumiNOC enjoys 50% lower latency at low loads and ~40% higher throughput per Watt on synthetic traffic, versus other reported photonic NoCs. LumiNOC reduces latencies ~40% versus an electrical 2D mesh NoCs on the PARSEC shared-memory, multithreaded benchmark suite.
Synthesis and Characterization of Perfluoro Quaternary Ammonium Anion Exchange Membranes

In this study, new alkaline exchange membranes were prepared from the perfluorinated 3M ionomer with various quaternary ammonium cations attached with sulfonamide linkage. The degree of functionalization varied depending on the cation species, resulting in different ion exchange capacities (IECs), 0.33–0.72 meq g−1. There was evidence of polymer degradation when the films were exposed to hydroxide, and hence all membrane characterization was performed in the chloride form. Conductivity was dependent on cation species and IEC, Ea = 36–59 kJ mol−1. Diffusion of water through the membrane was relatively high 1.6 × 10−5 cm2 s−1 and indicated restriction over a range of diffusion times, 6–700 ms. Water uptake (WU) in the membranes was generally low and the hydration level varied based on cation species, λ = 6–11. Small-angle scattering experiments suggested ionic aggregation, 37–42 A, independent of cation species but slight differences in long-range order with cation species. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1761–1769, 2013
Discontinuous Distribution in Bees

IN 1898, I described a new genus of bees, Hesperapis, based on a species found in New Mexico. Since that time, sixteen other species have been referred to this genus, which proves to be especially characteristic of the south-western deserts, in California, Lower California, and adjacent regions. In 1911, Friese described a genus, Capicola, from the deserts of South Africa.
Hierarchical clustering of historic sound speed profiles

Categorizing historical sound speed profiles stems from the desire to map spatial and temporal variability. Sound speed variability correlates with environmental phenomena and is an indicator of changes in sonar performance. Sound speed maps will assist in planning more efficient environmental survey operations such as conductivity, temperature, depth (CTD) collections. Intrinsic profile attributes estimated directly from the profile, such as the mean, variance, and derivative values, are used in the clustering process separately or in conjunction with extrinsic attributes such as location and ocean floor depth. Examples are used to demonstrate that the underlying spatial boundaries of the cluster groupings identify regions where sound speed profiles are consistent. The process is easily tailored to multiple clustering based upon the spatial and temporal scales of interest or on generic properties of the individual profile. The sensitivity of the cluster boundaries and group statistics to the addition of new profiles, or to changes in temporal and spatial scale, defines a new environmental characterization.
TRIVALENT FORMATION IN MULTIPLE TRISOMICS OF CLARKIA UNGUICULATA

VASEK, F. C. (U. California, Riverside.) Trivalent formation in multiple trisomics of Clarkia unguiculata. Amer. Jour. Bot. 50(3): 244-247. 1963.-A series of multiple trisomics, ranging from 2n + 1 to 2n + 7, was scored for univalents and trivalents at first metaphase. The mean number of trivalents per cell per extra chromosome was 0.43, 0.46, 0.46, 0.56, 0.54, 0.55 and 0.59 for plants with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 extra chromosomes respectively. These trivalent frequencies are interpreted to fall into 2 classes, indicating that the cytological differences between triploids and single trisomics may be based on a threshold effect. The results are compared with available data from other genera, and it is suggested that the observed increase in trivalent formation per extra chromosome may be associated with an increase in chiasma frequency.
Regulation of rat brain/HepG2 glucose transporter gene expression by phorbol esters in primary cultures of neuronal and astrocytic glial cells.

We have demonstrated regulation of the rat brain/Hep G2 glucose transporter gene (GT1) by Northern blot analysis with a rat brain glucose transporter cDNA probe. Incubation of both neuronal and glial cells derived from neonatal rats with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate induced a timeand dose-dependent increase in the steady state levels of GT1 mRNA. In glial cells, this corresponded to an increase in both the level of GTl protein and glucose transporter activity, as demonstrated by Western blot analysis and [3H]2-deoxyglucose (dGlc) uptake studies. In contrast, in neuronal cells 12-O-tetradecanoyl- phorbol-13-acetate had no effect on either the concentration/ level of the GT or [3H]dGlc uptake. These results suggest that phorbol esters regulate dGlc uptake at the transcriptional level in both neuronal and glial cells, but that the increase in expression of the GTl gene is dissociated from posttranscriptional events involved in dGlc uptake in neuronal cells. (Endocrinology 126: 545–549, 1990)
Hydrogenase in Rhizobium japonicum Increases Nitrogen Fixation by Nodulated Soybeans

Some Rhizobium strains synthesize a unidirectional hydrogenase system in legume nodule bacteroids; this system participates in the recycling of hydrogen that otherwise would be lost as a by-product of the nitrogen fixation process. Soybeans inoculated with Rhizobium japonicum strains that synthesized the hydrogenase system fixed significantly more nitrogen and produced greater yields than plants inoculated with strains lacking hydrogen-uptake capacity. Rhizobium strains used as inocula for legumes should have the capability to synthesize the hydrogenase system as one of their desirable characteristics.
On the Existence of Secure Keystream Generators

Designers of stream ciphers have generally used ad hoc methods to build systems that are secure against known attacks. There is often a sense that this is the best that can be done, that any system will eventually fall to a practical attack. In this paper we show that there are families of keystream generators that resist all possible attacks of a very general type in which a small number of known bits of a keystream are used to synthesize a generator of the keystream (called a synthesizing algorithm). Such attacks are exemplified by the Berlekamp--Massey attack. We first formalize the notions of a family of finite keystream generators and of a synthesizing algorithm. We then show that for any function h(n) that is in \cal O (2n/d) for every d>0 , there is a family \cal B of periodic sequences such that any efficient synthesizing algorithm outputs a generator of size h(log (\mathop \rm per \nolimits(B))) given the required number of bits of a sequence B? \cal B of large enough period. This result is tight in the sense that it fails for any faster growing function h(n) . We also consider several variations on this scenario.
Distinct requirements for beta-catenin in pancreatic epithelial growth and patterning.

Abstract Pancreatic exocrine and endocrine lineages arise from multipotent pancreatic progenitor cells (MPCs). Exploiting the mechanisms that govern expansion and differentiation of these cells could enhance efforts to generate β-cells from stem cells. Although our prior work indicates that the canonical Wnt signaling component β-catenin is required qualitatively for exocrine acinar but not endocrine development, precisely how this requirement plays out at the level of MPCs and their lineage-restricted progeny is unknown. In addition, the contribution of β-catenin function to β-cell development remains controversial. To resolve the potential roles of β-catenin in development of MPCs and β-cells, we generated pancreas- and pre-endocrine-specific β-catenin knockout mice. Pancreas-specific loss of β-catenin produced not only a dramatic reduction in acinar cell numbers, but also a significant reduction in β-cell mass. The loss of β-cells is due not to a defect in the differentiation of endocrine precursors, but instead correlates with an early and specific loss of MPCs. In turn, this reflects a novel role for β-catenin in maintaining proximal–distal patterning of the early epithelium, such that distal MPCs resort to a proximal, endocrine-competent “trunk” fate when β-catenin is deleted. Moreover, β-catenin maintains proximal–distal patterning, in part, by inhibiting Notch signaling. Subsequently, β-catenin is required for proliferation of both distal and proximal cells, driving overall organ growth. In distinguishing two distinct roles for β-catenin along the route of β-cell development, we suggest that temporally appropriate positive and negative manipulation of this molecule could enhance expansion and differentiation of stem cell-derived MPCs.
Test of a potential link between analytic and nonanalytic category learning and automatic, effortful processing.

The link between automatic and effortful processing and nonanalytic and analytic category learning was evaluated in a sample of 29 college undergraduates using declarative memory, semantic category search, and pseudoword categorization tasks. Automatic and effortful processing measures were hypothesized to be associated with nonanalytic and analytic categorization, respectively. Results suggested that contrary to prediction strong criterion-attribute (analytic) responding on the pseudoword categorization task was associated with strong automatic, implicit memory encoding of frequency-of-occurrence information. Data are discussed in terms of the possibility that criterion-attribute category knowledge, once established, may be expressed with few attentional resources. The data indicate that attention resource requirements, even for the same stimuli and task, vary depending on the category rule system utilized. Also, the automaticity emerging from familiarity with analytic category exemplars is very different from the automaticity arising from extensive practice on a semantic category search task. The data do not support any simple mapping of analytic and nonanalytic forms of category learning onto the automatic and effortful processing dichotomy and challenge simple models of brain asymmetries for such procedures.
Compstatin inhibits complement activation by binding to the β-chain of complement factor 3

Compstatin is a peptidic complement inhibitor that prevents the cleavage of complement factor 3 (C3) by C3 convertase. Compstatin differs from other C3-regulatory proteins, such as complement receptor (CR) 1 and decay-accelerating factor (DAF), in that it binds native as well as activated C3 fragments and acts through mechanisms that do not involve the destabilization of the C3 convertase or the accelerated degradation of C3b. Compstatin's activity most likely relies on its affinity for native C3 and the conformational change that results upon binding with C3. Although the intermolecular interactions between compstatin and C3 have been studied, the identity of the targeted region on C3 is still elusive. To address this issue, we synthesized a photo-crosslinking compstatin analog and used it to probe C3 for sites of interaction. We identified a 40-kDa region at the C-terminus of the β-chain of C3 that included the binding site of the compstatin analog. The specificity of the binding was confirmed by inhibition studies, which showed reduced crosslinking signal after pre-incubation of C3 with compstatin but not with various inactive analogs. Binding studies performed with a recombinant homolog of the 40-kDa region confirmed these findings. Five smaller recombinant proteins corresponding to various overlapping regions of the 40-kDa fragment did not bind compstatin, suggesting that a proper protein conformation, only found in larger fragments, is required for compstatin binding. The identified region on the β-chain has, thus far, not been implicated in C3 cleavage or interactions with other proteins. Therefore, further research on this part of the C3 molecule may have implications for studies on the regulation of C3 cleavage, as well as for complement-based drug design.
Time, congestion, and public goods

Abstract This paper considers intermediate and final public goods as stocks from which consumers obtain a flow of services by expending scarce time. The services so obtained depend on the time other individuals spend utilizing these same goods. Optimality conditions are derived for both stock levels and flow usage where tolls are required to cover costs. The elasticities in the resulting formulae are endogenous in the sense that only certain values are permissible. In the intermediate good case, at the optimum, the public good will always be locally optimally supplied and locally underutilized to a degree which depends on the congestion parameter.