cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Imaging of the interaction of cancer cells and the lymphatic system

Abstract A thorough understanding of the lymphatic system and its interaction with cancer cells is crucial to our ability to fight cancer metastasis. Efforts to study the lymphatic system had previously been limited by the inability to visualize the lymphatic system in vivo in real time. Fluorescence imaging can address these limitations and allow for visualization of lymphatic delivery and trafficking of cancer cells and potentially therapeutic agents as well. Here, we review recent articles in which antibody–fluorophore conjugates are used to label the lymphatic network and fluorescent proteins to label cancer cells in the evaluation of lymphatic delivery and imaging.
Serum protein profiling to identify high-risk neuroblastoma: preclinical relevance of blood-based biomarkers.

Introduction. Development of early detection assays for advanced stage neuroblastoma (NB) remains elusive. We have previously shown that serum protein profiling technologies can differentiate healthy from NB children. As various sources of patient related bias exist in serum proteins, we hypothesized a well controlled animal model may provide a better method to identify tumor blood-based markers during NB progression. Methods. Tumors were induced in the left kidneys of nude mice by the injection of cultured human NB cells (10 6 ). Sera were collected from control and tumor-bearing mice at 2, 4, and 6 wk. Albumin-depleted sera were subjected to comparative proteomic profiling using 2D gel electrophoresis. Paired samples at each time point were analyzed and differentially expressed serum proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Additionally, sera proteomic analysis from children with Stage IV NB and healthy controls were performed. Results. Overexpression of five mouse serum proteins [α 1 -acid glycoprotein, α 1 -antitrypsin, α 2 -macroglobulin, serum amyloid P-component, and serum amyloid A) were found only in NB-bearing mice. Changes in protein abundance were found to increase 2.5-fold (P ≤ 0.05) between 2-, 4-, and 6-wk old mice. Underexpression of immunoglobulin K chain constant region was observed in the sera of tumor bearing mice compared with controls (2.5-fold, P ≤ 0.05). Among NB patients, α 1 -acid glycoprotein, apolipoprotein A-IV, haptoglobin, and serum amyloid A were found to be up-regulated. Conclusions. We identified distinct acute phase proteins that show up-regulation in both an animal tumor model and high-risk NB patients. As these serum proteins have been recognized as markers of tumor progression and prognosis in human malignancies, the validation of these polypeptides may enable serum proteomic profiling to become a valuable tool for identifying high-risk NB.
Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis for Investigation of Clostridium difficile Transmission in Hospitals

Clostridium difficile is a major cause of antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal illness. Recently, an increased incidence of hospital-acquired infections with severe outcomes has been reported in North America and Europe. Current molecular-typing methods for detection of outbreaks and nosocomial transmission are labor-intensive, subjective, or insufficiently discriminatory to differentiate between closely related strains. This report describes the development of multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) for molecular subtyping of C. difficile. Seven VNTR loci were identified from the C. difficile 630 genome by screening an isolate collection of various restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) types. The stability of the loci for short-term epidemiologic investigations was determined by performing MLVA on consecutive isolates of the same REA type from individual patients collected over as many as 90 days. Validation of MLVA for molecular genotyping was performed by direct comparison with REA results obtained from Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital on a combined collection of 40 C. difficile isolates from two different sources. The ability of MLVA to detect outbreaks was demonstrated on a collection of tertiary-care hospital isolates from a defined C. difficile outbreak in 2001. MLVA successfully clustered C. difficile isolates of the same REA type and discriminated isolates of unique REA type. Thus, MLVA is an objective, portable genotyping method that permits reliable detection of C. difficile outbreaks and can aid epidemiologic investigations of nosocomial transmission.
New tool use by wild Sumatran orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus abelii).

Two forms of tool use by wild Sumatran orangutans are reported from the Agusan Monitoring Station, a new research site in Indonesia. One form, a branch "hook" used in locomotion, has not been reported previously in wild orangutans. The second form, a leaf "pad" used to protect the hands and feet from thorns while feeding, shares similarities in form and function with a tool type used by orangutans at Ketambe, a nearby research site. Both instances of tool use occurred in areas of disturbance, and appear to be spontaneous inventions under novel conditions, although habitual use of the tool in other ecological contexts is plausible. A summary of the distribution of tool use types in wild orangutans is presented.
Rotorcraft Open Systems Avionics (ROSA)

Commercial standards adopted from the volume driven electronics markets provide improved processing capacities over those widely used military standards and at reduced cost. Desired future capabilities and advanced functions. such as RPA, require the throughput, bandwidth, and memory provided by commercial processors and data buses. The primary issues needing resolution prior to implementation are related to operations in military rotorcraft environment, reliability, redundancy management, and fault and battle damage tolerance. In addition, some required network components presently do not exist in the preferred form factors. The ROSA project is providing effective laboratory demonstrations of COTS products and open systems specifications and standards to rotorcraft avionics. Preliminary cost estimates forecast large potential savings and create a compelling business case for follow on research and transition to production systems. In addition, the project is developing a rotorcraft technical architecture with the participation of many industry partners and will promote the resulting documentation as background materials for the JTA-A.
Imaging of Atomic Layer Deposited (ALD) tungsten monolayers on α-TiO2(110) by X-ray standing wave Fourier inversion

A single atomic layer of tungsten grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on a single-crystal rutile TiO2(110) support is studied by the X-ray standing wave (XSW) technique. The surface structural and chemical properties were also examined using atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and low-energy electron diffraction. The XSW measured set of hkl Fourier components for the W atomic distribution function are summed together to produce a model-independent 3D map of the W atoms relative to the rutile lattice. The 3D atomic image shows surface tungsten atoms equally occupying the two nonequivalent Ti sites with a slight outward displacement. This corresponds to the atop and bridge sites with respect to the underlying lattice oxygen atoms. These XSW measurements clearly show that ALD conformal layers can be highly coherent with respect to the substrate lattice.
The relationship between post-traumatic ventilator-associated pneumonia outcomes and American College of Surgeons trauma centre designation

Abstract Introduction The relationship between outcomes following severe trauma and American College of Surgeons (ACS) trauma centre designation has been studied. Little is known, however, about the association between ACS level and outcomes associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Methods The National Trauma Databank (NTDB, Version 5.0) was queried to identify adult (age≥18) trauma patients who (1) developed VAP and (2) were admitted to either an ACS level I or level II centre. Transfer and burn patients were excluded. Univariate analysis defined differences between patient cohorts. Logistic regression analysis was utilised to identify independent risk factors for mortality. Results A total of 3465 patients were identified where 65.6% were admitted to a level I facility and 34.4% to a level II centre. Patients admitted to a level I centre were more likely to have an age>55 (71.5% vs. 66.8%, p =0.004) and to be hypotensive (SBP p =0.042). They were also more likely to have a longer duration of mechanical ventilation (18.5 days vs. 16.5 days, p =0.001), longer hospital LOS (34.2 days vs. 29.6 days, p p =0.017). Level I admission was, however, associated with lower mortality rates (10.8% vs. 14.7%, p =0.001) and a higher likelihood of achieving discharge to home (20.2% vs. 16.1%, p p =0.008) in patients developing post-traumatic VAP. Conclusion For adults who develop VAP after trauma, admission to a level I facility is associated with improved survival. Further prospective study is needed.
Replication, statistical consistency, and publication bias.

Abstract Scientific methods of investigation offer systematic ways to gather information about the world; and in the field of psychology application of such methods should lead to a better understanding of human behavior. Instead, recent reports in psychological science have used apparently scientific methods to report strong evidence for unbelievable claims such as precognition. To try to resolve the apparent conflict between unbelievable claims and the scientific method many researchers turn to empirical replication to reveal the truth. Such an approach relies on the belief that true phenomena can be successfully demonstrated in well-designed experiments, and the ability to reliably reproduce an experimental outcome is widely considered the gold standard of scientific investigations. Unfortunately, this view is incorrect; and misunderstandings about replication contribute to the conflicts in psychological science. Because experimental effects in psychology are measured by statistics, there should almost always be some variability in the reported outcomes. An absence of such variability actually indicates that experimental replications are invalid, perhaps because of a bias to suppress contrary findings or because the experiments were run improperly. Recent investigations have demonstrated how to identify evidence of such invalid experiment sets and noted its appearance for prominent findings in experimental psychology. The present manuscript explores those investigative methods by using computer simulations to demonstrate their properties and limitations. The methods are shown to be a check on the statistical consistency of a set of experiments by comparing the reported power of the experiments with the reported frequency of statistical significance. Overall, the methods are extremely conservative about reporting inconsistency when experiments are run properly and reported fully. The manuscript also considers how to improve scientific practice to avoid inconsistency, and discusses criticisms of the investigative method.
Hypoxia Decreases Sclerostin Expression and Increases Wnt Signaling in Osteoblasts

Mutations in sclerostin function or expression cause sclerosing bone dysplasias, involving decreased antagonism of Wnt/Lrp5 signaling. Conversely, deletion of the VHL tumor suppressor in osteoblasts, which stabilize HIF-alpha isoforms and thereby enables HIF-alpha/beta-driven gene transcription, increases bone mineral content and cross-sectional area compared to wild-type controls. We examined the influence of cellular hypoxia (1% oxygen) upon sclerostin expression and canonical Wnt signaling. Osteoblasts and osteocytes cultured under hypoxia revealed decreased sclerostin transcript and protein, and increased expression and nuclear localization of activated beta-catenin. Similarly, both hypoxia and the hypoxia mimetic DFO increased beta-catenin gene reporter activity. Hypoxia and its mimetics increased expression of the BMP antagonists gremlin and noggin and decreased Smad-1/5/8 phosphorylation. As a partial explanation for the mechanism of regulation of sclerostin by oxygen, MEF2 reporter assays revealed decreased activity. Modulation of VEGF signaling under normoxia or hypoxia revealed no influence upon Sost transcription. These data suggest that hypoxia inhibits sclerostin expression, through enhanced antagonism of BMP signaling independent of VEGF.
Deforestation, Forest Transitions, and Institutions for Sustainability in Southeastern Mexico, 1900-2000

Research on tropical forest cover change processes identifies myriad driving forces and demonstrates how change dynamics are non-linear and complex. Despite appreciation in the academic literature for the historical patterns and processes of deforestation, however, a simplistic, linear ʻdeforestation narrativeʼ persists in the popular imagination. Concern arises when this narrative influences environmental policy and effective response to the tropical deforesta tion problem. Our main goals here are twofold: (1) to contribute to a nuanced history of forest change in southeastern Mexico; and (2) to explore the role of institutional development in reducing deforestation rates. Drawing on forest transition theory, we analyse the twentieth century forest histories of the eastern Yucatan Peninsula, the southern Yucatan Peninsula, and the Lacandon Rainforest. A deforestation narrative rightly dominates characterisations of the 1960–85 period in southeastern Mexico, but it falls short of accurately representing the complex processes of deforestation, forest recovery, and the development of sustainability-oriented grassroots institutions in the 1985–2003 period.
Advancing Description and Explanation in Clinical Linguistics: A Legacy of Martin J. Ball.

This article asserts the importance of explication of order and disorder in language as a privileged objective of clinical linguistics and service delivery and reviews the contributions of Martin Ball in advancing this agenda.
The branching ratios of Θ − calculated from a gravitational model of baryons

I use the gravitational model of baryons introduced in previous papers to calculate the branching ratios of the strangeness — 3 baryon Θ−. In this model a strange quark is assumed to be a composite gravitational structure such as [u(ūd)] (called a gravitational bracket) consisting of an ordinary u- and d-quark (uniton) bound gravitationally to a pion such as (ūd) or (ūu). Since any triplet combination such as [d(ūu)][d(ūu)][d(\(\overline d \)d)] of the three distinct strange-quark states is a permissible state of Θ−, I obtain all such states as terms in the trinomial expansion {[d(\(\overline d \)d)]+[d(ūu)]+[u(ūd)]}3. By assigning amplitudes to the various ways a gravitational bracket can decay, I obtain a set of algebraic equations. The solutions of these equations give the observed branching ratios.
Western Corn Rootworm: A Ten-Year Study of Potential Resistance to Diazinon and Phorate in Nebraska12

Adults of Diabrotica virgifera LeConte were collected annually from 1963 through 1972 from 18 specific sites in Nebraska and treated with a series of concentrations of diaziuon and phorate to determine annual median lethal dose values. Dosage-mortality curves or regression lines were statistically determined from the annual median lethal dose data. Although the median lethal dose values for both insecticides increased from 1963 to 1972, neither regression line is significant. However, the median lethal dose data for diazinon significantly fit a quadratic curve, indicating possible reversion in susceptibility to diazinon. Predictions of imminent resistance in the field based on the slopes of the regression lines would be speculative.
Practical Integrated Management Systems Operated on a County-Based System

Abstract Three factors were identified in the 1940’s as basic considerations to successful filth fly control by local county health agencies: community efforts to support a program, education of the public, and preventive measures. Local and state public health agencies organized a fly control program in 1950 involving urban and industrial wastes; agricultural wastes of animal and crop production were included later to complete a statewide effort. Filth fly problems originated with waste from “living and from making a living.” California’s population growth after World War II was partly responsible for the problem because of urban sprawl into agricultural areas and concurrent, dynamic changes in farm management practices. Categories for program action included research and demonstration activities on physical, chemical, cultural, and biological control methods of filth flies associated with animal wastes. State educational programs were integrated with those of local health departments to support total community action under joint responsibilities of county supervisors, planning commissions, public health, and principal crop commodity representatives.
Maternal Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index and Autism Spectrum Disorder among Offspring: A Population-Based Case-Control Study.

Background Previous studies have attributed high maternal weight gain during pregnancy and pre-pregnancy obesity to a higher risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Maternal underweight was not previously explored with respect to ASD risk. Methods We evaluated the association between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and ASD occurrence among singletons born into the General Practice Research Database from 1993 to 2008. Case subjects were children with a diagnosis of ASD from birth to 2010. Up to four control subjects were matched to each case subject on birth year, sex, and general practice. Restricted cubic splines were used to assess the non-linearity of the association between maternal BMI and ASD. All study subjects were classified as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese based on maternal pre-pregnancy BMI using the WHO Classification Standard. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate unadjusted and multivariable adjusted odds ratios for the association between categorical BMI (reference=normal weight) and the occurrence of ASD. Results The association between maternal BMI and ASD occurrence was non-linear and J-shaped. The adjusted ORs for maternal underweight and obesity were 1.43 (95% CI 1.01, 2.04) and 1.54 (95% CI 1.26, 1.89) respectively. Conclusions Results suggest that extremes in maternal BMI may be associated with modest increases in the risk for ASD among offspring.
Social Support and Computer-Mediated Communication: A State-of-the-Art Review and Agenda for Future Research

Despite a great deal of speculation about the potential advantages and disadvantages of computer-mediated communication (CMC) for social support processes, few attempts have been made to summarize the findings from this body of scholarship. The present chapter reports a state-of-the-art review of research on computer-mediated support in an effort to determine whether the purported promise and peril of CMC has been realized. Empirical studies examining the use of CMC for acquiring social support and the outcomes of support acquired online are reviewed and synthesized. The review concludes with an agenda for future research identifying pressing questions for computer-mediated support scholarship.
Michel de Ghelderode (1898–1962)

For Ghelderode, theatre is a dangerous art, as are ‘all great and authentic passions’, for it leads to the unknown and to the invisible. Spectres people his world in Escurial; they manifest themselves in semi-human creatures who indulge in frantic farcelike activity. With the rigid faces, frozen grimaces, and congealed grins of the marionette, these instinctive beings are not the products of reason, but emerge spasmodically from Ghelderode’s primordial depths. They are forever attempting to free themselves from some ingrained and hereditary fear, some archaic sense of morality and social order, but rarely, if ever, do they succeed in liberating themselves from their inhibitions, their constrictions.
What would farmers do? Adaptation intentions under a Corn Belt climate change scenario

This paper examines farmer intentions to adapt to global climate change by analyzing responses to a climate change scenario presented in a survey given to large-scale farmers (n = 4778) across the US Corn Belt in 2012. Adaptive strategies are evaluated in the context of decision making and farmers’ intention to increase their use of three production practices promoted across the Corn Belt: no-till farming, cover crops, and tile drainage. This paper also provides a novel conceptual framework that bridges a typology of adaptation with concepts that help predict intentionality in behavior change models. This conceptual framework was developed to facilitate examination of adaptive decision making in the context of agriculture. This research effort examines key factors that influence farmers’ intentions to increase their use of the practices evaluated given a climate change scenario. Twenty-two covariates are examined across three models developed for no-till farming, cover crops, and tile drainage. Findings highlight that farmers who believed they should adjust their practices to protect their farm from the negative impacts of increased weather variability were more likely to indicate that they would increase their use of each of the practices in response to climate change. Additionally, visiting with other farmers to observe their practices was positively associated with farmers’ intentions to increase their use of the adaptive strategies examined. Farmers who were currently using no-till farming, cover crops, and tile drainage were also more likely to plan to increase their use of these practices in response to increased weather variability associated with climate change. However, farmers who reported high levels of confidence in their current practices were less likely to plan on changing their use of these practices in response to climatic changes.
Biotic arsenic release from spent adsorbents under anaerobic landfill conditions

Abstract The influence of biotic processes that occur in anaerobic conditions in landfills on arsenic (As) release from As-laden waste and the dependence of these processes on leachate composition was evaluated using incubations of an As-bearing water treatment residual comprised of the iron-oxide E33 adsorbent. This adsorbent, which is mainly goethite, was incubated with an As(V) and sulfate reducing bacterium, Bacillus benzoevorans HT1, and an Fe(III) and As(V) reducing bacterium, Shewanella putrefaciens CN32, in synthetic leachate with composition similar to landfill leachate. The influence of leachate composition on biotic As release was evaluated by studying systems prepared with a leachate solution that incorporated elevated concentrations of phosphate, bicarbonate, sulfate or silicate. The total As released under biotic conditions was two orders of magnitude higher than that in the abiotic control and during the initial stages of the incubations we observed most of the arsenic as As(III), consistent with the dissimilatory reduction of As(V). At later times, however, trends differed based upon whether the system was equilibrated with CN32 or HT1. Under the baseline leachate conditions, CN32-mediated As release was further promoted by reductive dissolution of goethite, while HT1-mediated As release was limited via indirect reductive goethite dissolution controlled by dissimilatory sulfate reduction. Biotic incubations with elevated anions identified As release behavior that reflected the influence of the different anions. Elevating phosphate not only promoted rapid As release via enhanced As(V) bioreduction in the first 2 days of incubation, but also incurred secondary As release from iron sulfide phases, which were secondary mineral phases generated from Fe(III) reduction. Increasing bicarbonate stimulated As release as it exchanged with sorbed As at the goethite surface thereby increasing the availability of As(V) for bioreduction. Elevating sulfate and silicate both decreased biotic As release as they appeared to inhibit Fe(III) bioreduction. Overall, our results identified that biotic As release mechanisms were related to bacteria metabolic diversity and leachate composition. Such information can assist in evaluating As risk assessment and As-laden waste management in biologically active environments, such as landfills.
Tea with Crows: Experiencing Proactive Ubiquitous Technology by Interactive Art

"Tea with Crows" is an interactive sculptural installation seeking to enable a poetic use of technology that offers stimulation and provocation. It does so by embedding aesthetic elements, experimental ideas and practical usage into ubiquitous computing. This multi-modal interactive piece connects people to each other, and constructs social conversation while engaging in innovative ambient design and technology. "Tea with Crows" explores experiential aesthetic by embedding playful kinetic motion and shape changing interfaces into everyday objects. The transformable form, function, and action of the sculpture are synchronized between the tea table and chandelier enriching the human experience. Ultimately, "Tea with Crows" aims to bring an expressive digital object with ubiquitous computing into the foreground of our everyday life by creating proactive interaction beyond the calm display.
Big data, little security: Addressing security issues in your platform

This paper describes some patterns for information security problems that consistently emerge among traditional enterprise networks and applications, both with respect to cyber threats and data sensitivity. We draw upon cases from qualitative studies and interviews of system developers, network operators, and certifiers of military applications. Specifically, the problems discussed involve sensitivity of data aggregates, training efficacy, and security decision support in the human machine interface. While proven techniques can address many enterprise security challenges, we provide additional recommendations on how to further improve overall security posture, and suggest additional research thrusts to address areas where known gaps remain.
Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid-Hormone-Related Protein: Normal Function, Diseases, and Emerging Therapeutics

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid-hormone-related protein (PTHrP) are two predominant members of the PTH family of peptides with major roles in calcium homeostasis and bone formation. PTH was discovered in the acid extracts of parathyroid glands because it restored the blood calcium level in the parathyroidectomized dog [24]. The existence of PTHrP and its close resemblance to PTH was first suggested by Fuller Albright in 1941 and later discovered and isolated from lung [88, 129] and renal carcinomas [128] in 1987. PTHrP is overexpressed in certain tumors and is the major pathogenic factor for humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM), a condition that is characterized by hypercalcemia caused by the secretion of the calcemic factor from tumors. The past two decades have witnessed an explosion in the knowledge of the biological function of these peptides at the molecular level and their use as therapeutics or as targets in certain diseases. This chapter will review their functions in bone.
Sex Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Review

Neurodevelopmental disorders disproportionately affect males. The mechanisms underlying male vulnerability or female protection are not known and remain understudied. Determining the processes involved is crucial to understanding the etiology and advancing treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we review current findings and theories that contribute to male preponderance of neurodevelopmental disorders, with a focus on autism. Recent work on the biological basis of the male preponderance of autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders includes discussion of a higher genetic burden in females and sex-specific gene mutations or epigenetic changes that differentially confer risk to males or protection to females. Other mechanisms discussed are sex chromosome and sex hormone involvement. Specifically, fetal testosterone is involved in many aspects of development and may interact with neurotransmitter, neuropeptide, or immune pathways to contribute to male vulnerability. Finally, the possibilities of female underdiagnosis and a multi-hit hypothesis are discussed. This review highlights current theories of male bias in developmental disorders. Topics include environmental, genetic, and epigenetic mechanisms; theories of sex chromosomes, hormones, neuroendocrine, and immune function; underdiagnosis of females; and a multi-hit hypothesis.
The Relationship between Training of Mental Health Professionals and the Reporting of Ritual Abuse and Multiple Personality Disorder Symptomatology

With only a scant amount of empirical research available, there is little information to guide the clinician in assessing clients who present with a history of MPD or childhood ritual abuse. The au...
Changes in the prevalence of Salmonella serovars associated swine production and correlations of avian, bovine and swine‐associated serovars with human‐associated serovars in the United States (1997–2015)

As Salmonella enterica is an important pathogen of food animals, surveillance programmes for S. enterica serovars have existed for many years in the United States. Surveillance programmes serve many purposes, one of which is to evaluate alterations in the prevalence of serovars that may signal changes in the ecology of the target organism. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the proportion of S. enterica serovars isolated from swine over a near 20-year observation period (1997-2015) using four longitudinal data sets from different food animal species. The secondary aim was to evaluate correlations between changes in S. enterica serovars frequently recovered from food animals and changes in S. enterica serovars associated with disease in humans. We found decreasing proportions of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, serovar Derby and serovar Heidelberg and increasing proportions of S. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:-, serovar Infantis and serovar Johannesburg in swine over time. We also found positive correlations for the yearly changes in S. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:-, serovar Anatum and serovar Johannesburg between swine and human data; in S. enterica Worthington between avian and human data; and in S. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- between bovine and human data. We found negative correlations for the yearly changes in S. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- and serovar Johannesburg between avian and human data.
Zum Verständnis von Wahnformen und Wahnwelten

Die Unterscheidung zwischen Thema und Struktur des Wahns ist klinisch ublich (vgl. Berner und Naske 1973) und scheint auf den ersten Blick unproblematisch zu sein. Unter den Themen werden dabei Grose, Verfolgung, Beziehung, Liebe, Eifersucht etc. verstanden. Diese Themen werden als rein inhaltliche Bestimmung des Wahns aufgefast im Gegensatz zu strukturellen Merkmalen wie z.B. dem Grad der Systematisierung.1 Entsprechend wird auch oft angenommen, das die Themen nahezu beliebig seien, nicht hingegen die Struktur. Die einzige Ausnahme stellen bestimmte Themen dar, die bei gleichzeitigem Vorliegen einer affektiven Storung als “stimmungskongruent” gelten, was differentialdiagnostisch von Bedeutung ist (siehe Abschnitt 1).
Postmenopausal Palpable Ovary Syndrome

The time has come to reevaluate our clinical approach to ovarian pathology. Although carcinoma of the endometrium is still the most prevalent cancer of the female reproductive system, ovarian carcinoma has become the leading killer of women who die from gynecologic malignancy. With the present state of diagnostic development, diagnosis of an ovarian tumor is a matter of chance rather than a scientific discovery. By the time it is diagnosed, ovarian cancer in more than 70 to 80% of the patients has spread beyond the ovary. The hard fact remains that a pelvic mass found during a pelvic examination is the only practical and consistent clinical method available to us to detect an ovarian tumor. Certain functional or dysontogenetic tumors with hormone activity are the exception. However, there are only a few such tumors compared to the number of epithelial tumors, which comprise the main group of killers.
Connections and Polarities

Galois connections - also called residuated/residual maps - have been studied and used extensively in both mathematics and computer science. In the 1980s, Galois connections were generalized to connections, and in the 1990s, a counterpart to Galois connections, called Lagois connections, were discovered. Lagois connections, as the name suggests, are similar to Galois connections; however, the “movement” from arbitrary points to image points - which is done via the composite maps of the connections - is in the same “direction” with respect to the order relations in both partially ordered sets. This similarly directed movement seems to be characteristic of (many) computer science applications. In this chapter we present these concepts in their “discovery” order; we also give properties and examples. We begin with a pre-Galois connection concept, called a polarity.
Writing Empirical Articles: Transparency, Reproducibility, Clarity, and Memorability:

This article provides recommendations for writing empirical journal articles that enable transparency, reproducibility, clarity, and memorability. Recommendations for transparency include preregist...
Disinformation in Contemporary U.S. Foreign Policy: Impacts and Ethics in an Era of Fake News, Social Media, and Artificial Intelligence

Misinformation and disinformation, often in the form of fake news disseminated on social media, are proliferating in the “post-truth” era, with profound implications for public and policy discourse...
Bisexual identity denial and health: Exploring the role of societal meta-perceptions and belonging threats among bisexual adults

Bisexual individuals frequently experience identity denial from others due to perceptions that bisexuality is an illegitimate identity. Bisexual individuals have worse psychological health than gay...
Molecular mechanisms of prostate cancer cell death triggered by inhibition of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase: involvement of Fas death receptor-mediated signals.

Cancer is the result of uncontrolled cell proliferation and has emerged as one of the most frequently diagnosed challenges to human health all over the world. While formation of new cells is an integral part of cancer biology, decreased death of tumor cells has recently emerged as a focus of attention as the leading cause of deregulated tissue homeostasis resulting in cancer-related tumor burden. The cell loss factor is the major determinant of tumor growth rate with values approaching to as high as 90% in some case (1). Chemotherapeutic drugs are designed to reverse the order of cancer cell behavior by blocking cell division and/or increasing cell death. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a genetically based suicide mechanism preserved through evolutionary ages (2), by which infected and damaged cells are selectively eliminated from the body in a controlled fashion without much inflammatory or bystander effects. It is the dominant mechanism of cell death in multicellular species. Drugs currently in use for cancer chemotherapy, in most cases, work by induction of apoptosis, either through membrane-localized cell death receptor-mediated signals or by the involvement of mitochondria. Other cancer-therapeutic modalities including radiotherapy, immunotherapy and hormone ablation also induce cell death by apoptosis. Tumor cells, on the other hand, are posing a threat of drug-resistance by deregulating the cell-death program (“drug neo-resistance”) or immuno-resistance by expressing cell death signal-inducing ligands on their surface to counterattack the antitumor lymphocytes.
Expanding the Design Space Explored by S3D

Modern design processes such as set-based design and TIES (Technology Identification, Evaluation and Selection) depend on the ability to explore a large design space rather than attempting to optimize a single design. In this paper, we investigate methods for expanding the design space that can be explored using the S3D (Smart Ship System Design) software environment. We then detail the most recent advancements in the templating process, with the goal of automated system assembly and evaluation using pre-designed system segments called templates.
STOCK MARKET CONSEQUENCES OF POLITICAL VIBRANCY

We define areas with strong geographic ties to powerful politicians as politically vibrant and show that they are characterized by greater value‐relevant information generation and symptomatic of equity market segmentation. Political vibrancy entails greater levels of local bias and local comovement and has two important return predictability implications. First, it enhances local institutions’ informational advantages; their trades’ ability to forecast local stock returns exceeds that of nonlocal institutions. Second, in support of the view that information diffuses slowly into prices, stock returns of firms from politically vibrant areas predict returns of similar firms in other areas.
Treatment of Sinonasal Teratocarcinosarcoma: A Systematic Review and Survival Analysis.

BackgroundSinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma (SNTCS) is a rare malignancy of the anterior skull base with only 127 cases described in the English literature. Given the rarity of this tumor, new cases a...
Preboarding, Orientation, and Onboarding of New Pharmacy Faculty During a Global Pandemic

Recruitment of new faculty requires a significant investment of time, effort, and money, so it is important to set up new faculty for short- and long-term success in their new role.[1][1] One way to do this is to have new faculty participate in a formal onboarding process as it can increase the
Does sarcopenia affect outcomes in pediatric surgical patients? A scoping review.

Abstract Objective Adults with sarcopenia have a greater risk of post-operative complications, a higher rate of ICU admission, and an increased length of hospital stay. Few studies have explored the prevalence or importance of sarcopenia in the pediatric population. This study reviews the published literature on sarcopenia in the pediatric population, including pediatric surgery. Methods Original studies related to sarcopenia in children were identified using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines and the PubMed database. Results A total of 390 articles were screened, with 28 meeting inclusion criteria. Twenty (71%) studies provided a means to define abnormal and 18 studies (64%) showed that a specific disease process could impact lean muscle mass in children. Only 4 (14%) studies associated the change in muscle mass with an outcome. Two studies investigated sarcopenia and outcomes in the pediatric surgical patient and demonstrated associations with worse outcomes. Conclusion Despite studies showing an association between sarcopenia and negative outcomes in the adult surgical population, there remains a paucity of evidence regarding the impact of sarcopenia on the pediatric population. Future studies are needed to ascertain the relationship between muscle mass and outcomes in pediatric surgical patients.
Examining partnership-health associations among full-service sex workers

Generally, romantically partnered individuals report better health than romantically unpartnered individuals. Known increasingly as positive “partnership-health” associations, these may be less fre...
Coarsening behavior of precipitate Al3(Sc,Zr) in supersaturated Al-Sc-Zr alloy via melt spinning and extrusion

Al-Sc-Zr alloy contains precipitate Al(Sc,Zr) shows good coarsening resistance due to the small diffusivities of Sc and Zr. Two supersaturated Al-0.4Sc-0.4Zr at% alloys were produced using melt-spinning and following extrusion. The coarsening behavior of supersaturated Al-0.4Sc-0.4Zr at% alloys was investigated using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Accelerated coarsening was observed in the extruded melt-spun ribbon with larger precipitate size and higher precipitate volume fraction than in melt-spun ribbon. The accelerated effective diffusivity after extrusion was explicitly linked to the initially refined extruded microstructure. Precipitate volume fraction and chemical composition in both melt-spun ribbon and extruded rod during annealing were quantified with the help of STEM and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Precipitate size and number density were predicted using Umantsev-Olson-Kuehman-Voorhees model for ternary alloys, and the predictions showed good agreement with experimental results by considering changes in diffusivity and precipitate volume fraction.
Japan Black: Japanning, Minstrelsy, and “Japanese Tommy's” Yellowface Precursor

On the Fourth of July, 1860, the New York Times introduced readers to a new persona treading the minstrel boards: Matinees are the order of the day, two at both the Bowerys, at George Christy's, at Bryant's, and at the Palace Gardens. Here “versatile performers” and “talented danseuses” will diversify the hours of patriotic emotion with comic pantomime and grand “Japanese ballets,” led by “Little Tommy.” Japan has dropped a little into the sere and yellow leaf, perhaps, for the natives, but for the “strangers from the provinces” the land of blacking may still have charms, and we desire that “all such” may understand that the Japan of their dreams will be on exhibition to-night at Miss Laura Keene's Theatre.
Autonomic dysfunction O-AD001. Relationship between electrochemical skin conductance and cardiovascular autonomic function in Parkinson’s disease

Introduction. Electrochemical skin conductance (ESC) of the hands and feet can be recorded by SUDOSCAN. Several reports have confirmed that ESC can serve as an indicator of sudomotor function. Some studies done in patients with diabetes mellitus showed that ESC can be a predictor of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. The autonomic pathology in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is primarily postganglionic. This study tested the hypotheses that ESC measured by SUDOSCAN has high correlation with cardiovascular autonomic function in patients with PD, and can serve as a predictor of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) for such patients. Methods. Sixty-three patients (male/female: 28/35) with PD were recruited. The severity was assessed using Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn and Yahr stage. They had ESC measurement of hands and feet by SUDOSCAN, and underwent a standardized evaluation of cardiovascular autonomic function, including heart rate response to deep breathing, Valsalva ratio (VR), baroreflex sensitivity, 5-min head-up tilt test and frequency-domain analysis of heart rate variability. Composite Autonomic Scoring Scale were coded accordingly and these patients were then divided into two groups, with and without CAN. Results. There was weak but significant correlation between hand ESC and UPDRS scores. As for the cardiovascular autonomic parameters, the significant correlation only exited between hand ESC and VR. There was no significant difference of ESC between patients with CAN and without CAN. Conclusion. In spite of the significant correlation between hand ESC and UPDRS scores, the ESC measured by SUDOSCAN may not be good enough in predicting CAN for patients with PD.
Increased Upper Arm Length and Loading Rate Identified as Potential Risk Factors for Injury in Youth Baseball Pitchers

Background:In the throwing elbow, increased elbow torque has been correlated with increased injury risk. Additional insight into the relationships between anthropometric factors and elbow joint loa...
The Wakanda effect: A protective factor to navigate racialized environments

In 2018 the Afrofuturistic film, Black Panther, exposed a hunger for the portrayal of Black people in a positive light. Utilizing critical race theory, the authors conducted a mixed-methods study t...
Coarse-Grained Modeling of the HIV---1 Protease Binding Mechanisms: I. Targeting Structural Flexibility of the Protease Flaps and Implications for Drug Design

We propose a coarse---grained model to study binding mechanism of the HIV---1 protease inhibitors using long equilibrium simulations with an ensemble of the HIV---1 protease crystal structures. A microscopic analysis suggests a binding mechanism, in which the HIV---1 protease drugs may exploit the dynamic equilibrium between thermodynamically stable, high affinity complexes with the closed form of the HIV---1 protease and meta---stable intermediate complexes with the alternative structural forms of the protease. We have found that formation of the hydrophobic interaction clusters with the conserved flap residues may stabilize semi---open and open forms of the enzyme and lead to weakly bound, transient inhibitor complexes. The results suggest that inhibitors may function through a multi-mechanistic effect of stabilizing structurally different conformational states of the protease, highlighting the molecular basis of the flap residues in developing drug resistance.
Generalized typestate checking for data structure consistency

We present an analysis to verify abstract set specifications for programs that use object field values to determine the membership of objects in abstract sets. In our approach, each module may encapsulate several data structures and use membership in abstract sets to characterize how objects participate in its data structures. Each module's specification uses set algebra formulas to characterize the effects of its operations on the abstract sets. The program may define abstract set membership in a variety of ways; arbitrary analyses (potentially with multiple analyses applied to different modules in the same program) may verify the corresponding set specifications. The analysis we present in this paper verifies set specifications by constructing and verifying set algebra formulas whose validity implies the validity of the set specifications.We have implemented our analysis and annotated several programs (75-2500 lines of code) with set specifications. We found that our original analysis algorithm did not scale; this paper describes several optimizations that improve the scalability of our analysis. It also presents experimental data comparing the original and optimized versions of our analysis.
Macrophage Conditioned Medium Induces the Expression of C-Reactive Protein in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells : Potential for Paracrine/Autocrine Effects

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a risk marker for cardiovascular events in apparently healthy persons. Cogent data show that, aside from the liver, CRP is produced in atherosclerotic lesions, kidney, neurons, and alveolar macrophages. Because several proatherogenic effects of CRP have been documented in endothelial cells, we examined human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) for CRP production. We detected the presence of CRP mRNA by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization, intracellular protein by Western blot and secreted protein by ELISA. Coincubation with the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alone and in combination showed that the most potent agonist for CRP production from HAEC is the combination of IL-1 and IL-6 (P < 0.05). To mimic the in vivo situation, we examined whether vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and/or macrophage conditioned media (MCM) could augment CRP production by HAEC. While VSMC-conditioned media had no effect, incubation with MCM resulted in a significant twofold increase in the synthesis of both intracellular and secreted CRP (P < 0.05). The effect of MCM could be reversed by inhibiting both IL-1 and IL-6. Thus, stimulated synthesis and secretion of CRP by cells in the atherosclerotic lesion by paracrine/autocrine loops could result in local concentrations of CRP far in excess of plasma concentrations and could contribute to proinflammatory, proatherogenic effects.