cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute renal insufficiency during telavancin therapy in clinical practice—authors’ response

2 Worboys P, Barriere SL. Population pharmacokinetic analysis suggests minimal impact of obesity on telavancin (TLV) exposure. In: Abstracts of the Fifty-first Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Chicago, IL, 2011. Abstract A1-1156. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, USA. 3 Theravance, Inc. and Astellas Pharma US, Inc. VIBATIV Prescribing Information. www.vibativ.com (20 December 2011, date last accessed).
Nonfluoride caries-preventive agents: new guidelines.

Nonfluoride caries-prevention agents have been developed and promoted to the dental profession in the recent past. The oral healthcare professional is encouraged to use evidence-based information when making clinical decisions. Recently, a systematic review was completed by a panel of experts convened by the American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs and recommendations were developed to address efficacy of nonfluoride agents in reducing the incidence of caries and arresting or reversing the progression of caries. The panel found that all nonfluoride agents should be used as adjuncts, following initial use of primary caries prevention strategies (fluoride, sealants, anticaries diet). This paper discusses the levels of certainty for evidence statements and clinical applications of these recommendations. Clinical significance: The panel concluded that certain nonfluoride agents may provide some benefits as adjunctive therapies in children and adults at higher risk of developing
Universal laziness of pronouns

The goal of the paper is to try to account for an interesting binding phenomenon, namely the fact that pronouns sometimes appear to be bound by universal quantifiers out of islands. Specifically, my claim is that the appearance of binding is an illusion which results from the fact that pronouns can stand for universal quantifiers, i.e. there is a new type of pronouns of laziness. However, the distribution of such pronouns of laziness is highly restricted. These restrictions can be derived by means of Maximize Presupposition principle and situation semantics. The structure of the paper is as follows. In section 1, I illustrate the phenomenon. In section 2, I show that this phenomenon is not a case of real binding but a binding illusion which is made possible by the fact that pronouns can stand for universal quanti?ers like everyone. In sections 3 and 4, I show that there are certain restrictions on the environments in which such a binding illusion is possible. First, it is ruled out in cases where it is in conflict with Maximize Presupposition principle (section 3). Second, it is only possible when the clause containing a quantifier and the clause containing a pronoun in a sense describe the same situation (section 4). In section 5, two readings of illusive binding sentences are discussed and an analysis of how they are derived is proposed. Section 6 concludes the paper.
Hijacking Components of the Cellular Secretory Pathway for Replication of Poliovirus RNA

Infection of cells with poliovirus induces a massive intracellular membrane reorganization to form vesiclelike structures where viral RNA replication occurs. The mechanism of membrane remodeling remains unknown, although some observations have implicated components of the cellular secretory and/or autophagy pathways. Recently, we showed that some members of the Arf family of small GTPases, which control secretory trafficking, became membrane-bound after the synthesis of poliovirus proteins in vitro and associated with newly formed membranous RNA replication complexes in infected cells. The recruitment of Arfs to specific target membranes is mediated by a group of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that recycle Arf from its inactive, GDP-bound state to an active GTP-bound form. Here we show that two different viral proteins independently recruit different Arf GEFs (GBF1 and BIG1/2) to the new structures that support virus replication. Intracellular Arf-GTP levels increase 4-fold during poliovirus infection. The requirement for these GEFs explains the sensitivity of virus growth to brefeldin A, which can be rescued by the overexpression of GBF1. The recruitment of Arf to membranes via specific GEFs by poliovirus proteins provides an important clue toward identifying cellular pathways utilized by the virus to form its membranous replication complex. All known positive-strand RNA viruses replicate their genomes in association with membranous structures that are formed after the synthesis of viral proteins in infected cells by remodeling membranes from existing intracellular organelles. Different viruses target different organelle membranes (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum [ER], Golgi, endosomes, and mitochondria) and generate different morphological structures on which the replication complexes assemble (37).
Uses of hypnosis in evaluating malingering and deception

Hypnosis, as a method of detecting deception, is examined with respect to its forensic applications. The degree of hypnotizability and whether formal hypnotic procedures may be employed are discussed with both the relevant clinical and legal issues in mind. Finally, the use of hypnosis in determining the authenticity of psychosomatic conditions is addressed.
What You Need to Know If You Have Coronary Artery Disease

If your doctor has told you that you have coronary artery disease, or if your doctor has told you that you are at increased risk for developing atherosclerosis (commonly called hardening of the arteries), then this Patient Page is for you. Why does atherosclerosis develop in the first place? This disease is often the result of many factors. The 5 most important risk factors are (1) tobacco smoking, (2) diabetes mellitus, (3) a familial tendency to develop this condition, (4) high blood pressure, and (5) an abnormally high cholesterol level in the blood. Other problems that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis include a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and psychological stress. Atherosclerosis can lead to anginal complications (chest discomfort), heart attack, stroke, or peripheral vascular disease. Doctors are frequently asked, “I understand that I have hardening of the arteries. What can I do to slow the progression of this disease or even reverse this unhealthy process?” Answers to this question are listed below and inTable 1.1,2 View this table: Table 1. Recommended Lifestyle Changes for Patients With Atherosclerosis Including Heart Attacks 1. You must stop smoking tobacco products. Tobacco smoke and especially cigarette smoke are poisonous. Chemicals in this smoke damage the arteries that carry blood to all organs. Patients who continue to smoke after they have already developed atherosclerosis are at great …
Bulk and surface molecular orientation distribution in injection-molded liquid crystalline polymers: Experiment and simulation

Bulk and surface distributions of molecular orientation in injection-molded plaques of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (TLCPs) have been studied using a combination of techniques, coordinated with process simulations using the Larson-Doi 'polydomain' model. Wide-angle X-ray scattering was used to map out the bulk orientation distribution. Fourier Transform Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) were utilized to probe the molecular orientation states to within about {approx}5 {micro}m and {approx}2 nm, respectively, of the sample surface. These noninvasive, surface-sensitive techniques yield reasonable self-consistency, providing complementary validation of the robustness of these methods. An analogy between Larson-Doi and fiber orientation models has allowed the first simulations of TLCP injection molding. The simulations capture many fine details in the bulk orientation distribution across the sample plaque. Direct simulation of surface orientation at the level probed by FTIR-ATR and NEXAFS was not possible due to the limited spatial resolution of the simulations. However, simulation results extracted from the shear-dominant skin region are found to provide a qualitatively accurate indicator of surface orientation. Finally, simulations capture the relation between bulk and surface orientation states across the different regions of the sample plaque.
Neutrophil elastase contributes to cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in mice.

To address the role of neutrophil elastase in pulmonary emphysema, neutrophil elastase-deficient mice and wild-type littermate controls were exposed to long-term cigarette smoke. Compared to wild-type littermates, mice that were deficient in neutrophil elastase were significantly protected (59%) from the development of emphysema. Previously, we demonstrated complete protection from emphysema in the absence of macrophage elastase. Further analysis revealed several interactions between these two elastases. Each elastase inactivated the endogenous inhibitor of the other, with neutrophil elastase degrading tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and macrophage elastase degrading α-1-antitrypsin. Cigarette smoke-induced recruitment of both neutrophils and monocytes was impaired in the absence of neutrophil elastase. Moreover, there was less macrophage elastase activity secondary to decreased macrophage accumulation in neutrophil elastase-deficient mice. This study demonstrates a direct role for neutrophil elastase in emphysema and highlights the interdependence of the proteinases and inflammatory cells that mediate lung destruction in response to cigarette smoke.
Contribution of high-order rainbows to the scattering of a Gaussian laser beam by a spherical particle

I review the theory of the scattering of a Gaussian laser beam by a dielectric spherical particle and give the details for constructing a computer program to implement the theory. Computational results indicate that if the width of the laser beam is much less than the diameter of the particle and if the axis of the beam is incident near the edge of the particle, the fifth-, sixth-, and ninth-order rainbows should be evident in the far-field scattered intensity. I performed an experiment that yielded tentative evidence for the presence of the sixth-order rainbow.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Cellulolytic and Xylanolytic Thermophile Clostridium clariflavum Strain 4-2a

ABSTRACT Clostridium clariflavum strain 4-2a, a novel strain isolated from a thermophilic biocompost pile, has demonstrated an extensive capability to utilize both cellulose and hemicellulose under thermophilic anaerobic conditions. Here, we report the draft genome of this strain.
THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE STATE IN MYCENAEAN GREECE

Understanding of Mycenaean palatial administration has moved from a monolithic view of the palace as having total control over the economy of a given state, to a binary model that imagines a non-palatial sector of the state economy alongside the palatial. Further research suggests, however, that we should rather think of a continuum, with individuals and groups involved in various ways and to various degrees with the central palatial administration, from full-time interaction to no contact at all. The evidence shows the negotiating power of individuals, and also the role of the palace as a consumer rather than simply as a producer. This paper brings together some indications of such a continuum, drawn chiefly from the Linear B tablets. It closes with a brief look at relevant archaeological evidence: the use of seals to indicate status and authority, and the evidence of non-palatial settlements within palatial states.
Effect of electrodes on the acceleration sensitivity of crystal resonators

Based on Mindlin's first-order equations of plated crystal plates, a set of six coupled equations is derived in which the effect of the mass of the electrodes, the extensional elastic stiffness of the electrodes, and the thermal expansions of the plate and electrodes are taken into account. The principle of virtual displacements corresponding to these equations is obtained. Strains and displacement gradients in an electroded crystal disk subject to a steady acceleration are obtained from the finite-element solutions of the derived equations. By inserting these strains and displacement gradients in the frequency equation of the fundamental thickness vibrations of the disk and solving the frequency equation by a perturbation method, acceleration sensitivities of crystal resonators with various electrode arrangements are obtained. It is found that for small plate backs, say R >
Kidney cancer: Novel targets in altered tumour metabolism in kidney cancer.

Alterations in metabolism are fundamental to the development and progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Through use of a combined proteomic and metabolomic analysis approach, a new paper enhances our understanding of the metabolomic alterations that occur in RCC and highlights new therapeutic targets.
Design approach for a containment barrier system for in-situ setting of Crassostrea virginica for aquaculture and restoration applications

Abstract As part of an applied research project, an engineering design and structure deployment study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of performing in-situ larval set of Crassostrea virginica within a temporarily deployed containment barrier. The intent of the barrier was to contain free-swimming larvae to maximize set on emplaced shell substrate. The project site was located in the Chesapeake Bay waters of Maryland (USA) in a tidal tributary adjacent to the Patuxent River. The project included a practical ocean engineering approach to specify barrier and mooring system components by investigating environmental design criteria, applying computational fluid dynamic techniques, and characterizing the barrier and mooring leg shape and tension with catenary equations. Following analysis and component specification, both the barrier and mooring system components were deployed. The structure consisted of two, 15 m length sections of Type-III turbidity curtain with a skirt depth of 4.57 m, but adjustable with furling lines. The structure enclosed an area of about 65 m2 with clean oyster shell substrate and was held vertical in the water column with ∼0.3 m floats at the surface and chain at the bottom of the skirt. It was deployed with an 8-point spread mooring configuration to maintain its shape in a 0.51 m/s current and 0.75 m waves. After deployment, larvae were introduced into the enclosed volume and allowed three days to set before removing the barrier. A companion biological field study demonstrated that the technique could add over 180 juvenile oysters/m2 to the site with clean cultch. Recommendations for a potential, scaled-up version are also discussed.
Tunable Time-Slot-Interchange of 40-Gb/s Optical Packets using Conversion/Dispersion-Based Tunable 100-ns Delays

We demonstrate tunable time-slot-interchange of 40-Gb/s optical data packets using a conversion-plus-dispersion-based tunable 100-ns delay element. Separate 182-bit packets are converted onto separate wavelengths, delayed relative to one another using a dispersion module, and then re-inserted into new packet time slots.
Mutibiometric System Based on Game Theory

Biometric systems based on a single biometric trait have drawbacks that are alleviated by multibiometric systems, which combine multiple sources of information. The novelty of this research effort is that Coalition Game Theory (CGT) is applied to improve the performance of the iris and face based multibiometric system. The CGT technique selects the most salient patches obtained using the Local Binary Patterns (LBP) and modified LBP (mLBP) feature extraction techniques. The CGT chooses patches that have better individual importance along with a strong interaction with other patches based on the Shapely value. Results show that CGT model maintains impressive recognition accuracy while using smaller image areas for recognition. More specifically, CGT outperforms the LBP and mLBP techniques.
La nobleza del nuevo mundo: movilidad y aspiraciones sociales en la conquista y colonización de la América Hispánica

Introduccion En el siglo XVI, espanoles y portugueses percibieron que la movilidad social existia para ellos en gran medida, en la burocracia real y eclesiastica, y en las oportunidades en las recien descubiertas tierras de America, Asia y Africa. La creciente centralizacion del poder real en Espana y Portugal en el siglo XVI creo una nueva demanda de sirvientes nobles y en este movimiento fue en parte solventado y en parte ampliado por la demanda de conquistadores de ultramar.
Measurement of Endogenous Versus Exogenous Formaldehyde–Induced DNA–Protein Crosslinks in Animal Tissues by Stable Isotope Labeling and Ultrasensitive Mass Spectrometry

DNA-protein crosslinks (DPC) arise from a wide range of endogenous and exogenous chemicals, such as chemotherapeutic drugs and formaldehyde. Importantly, recent identification of aldehydes as endogenous genotoxins in Fanconi anemia has provided new insight into disease causation. Because of their bulky nature, DPCs pose severe threats to genome stability, but previous methods to measure formaldehyde-induced DPCs were incapable of discriminating between endogenous and exogenous sources of chemical. In this study, we developed methods that provide accurate and distinct measurements of both exogenous and endogenous DPCs in a structurally specific manner. We exposed experimental animals to stable isotope-labeled formaldehyde ([(13)CD2]-formaldehyde) by inhalation and performed ultrasensitive mass spectrometry to measure endogenous (unlabeled) and exogenous ((13)CD2-labeled) DPCs. We found that exogenous DPCs readily accumulated in nasal respiratory tissues but were absent in tissues distant to the site of contact. This observation, together with the finding that endogenous formaldehyde-induced DPCs were present in all tissues examined, suggests that endogenous DPCs may be responsible for increased risks of bone marrow toxicity and leukemia. Furthermore, the slow rate of DPC repair provided evidence for the persistence of DPCs. In conclusion, our method for measuring endogenous and exogenous DPCs presents a new perspective for the potential health risks inflicted by endogenous formaldehyde and may inform improved disease prevention and treatment strategies. Cancer Res; 76(9); 2652-61. ©2016 AACR.
SOME PATHO-PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF BACTERIAL KIDNEY DISEASE IN BROOK TROUT.

SummaryThe nature of the histopathol-ogy of brook trout infected with bacterial kidney disease suggested that significant changes should occur in physiologic parameters associated with hematopoietic, liver and kidney function. Examination of infected fish bears this out as it shows that the hematocrit is reduced by 44% compared to normal while total plasma protein drops 52%. In addition, electrophoretic analysis of the plasma proteins indicates that the faster migrating fractions (albumin) are the most drastically affected. Pathologic findings have been confirmed and the observation made that there was a difference in susceptibility to kidney disease between males and females.
Practical devices for measuring very short and very long pulses

Extending ultrashort-pulse-measurement techniques to very short and relatively long pulses is challenging due to group-velocity dispersion (GVD) and the large bandwidths and the required high spectral- resolution of small bandwidths involved. We have developed FROG devices for measuring such pulses.
Functional abnormalities, of mesenteric blood flow. A guide to organic disease of the bowel.

Analysis of functional as well as anatomic aspects of blood flow greatly increases the diagnostic accuracy of superior mesenteric artery angiography. In almost all normal individuals the major branches of the superior mesenteric artery empty within a span of two seconds. The corresponding draining veins all first appear within a two second span. Deviations from the pattern must be explained, as they usually signal abnormality. Five pertinent cases illustrate functional abnormalities leading to the detection of tumors where definite tumor vascularity was not demonstrated, the localization of a bleeding site where extravasation was not detected, and the recognition of obstructing adhesive bands.
Automated analysis of short responses in an interactive synthetic tutoring system for introductory physics

Citation: Nakamura, C. M., Murphy, S. K., Christel, M. G., Stevens, S. M., & Zollman, D. A. (2016). Automated analysis of short responses in an interactive synthetic tutoring system for introductory physics. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 12(1), 16. doi:10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.12.010122
Review: CT angiography and magnetic resonance imaging are the best less invasive tests for renal artery stenosis

standard. Exclusion criteria were patients with renal transplantation or possible verification bias (i.e., patients with a positive result on the index test were referred to the diagnostic-standard test more often than patients with a negative result). Data extraction Data were extracted on test, number of patients, definition of hemodynamically significant stenosis, use of blinding, whether accessory arteries were included, and sensitivity and specificity. Summary receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare tests.
Dietary Salt, Kidney Disease, and Cardiovascular Health.

What people eat and drink and how it affects health and well-being are subjects of great medical and public health interest. The public is highly invested not only in the taste of food but also in how the composition of micronutrients (minerals, vitamins, water), macronutrients (carbohydrates, protein, fat, fiber), and contaminants (eg, pesticides, mercury, lead) in food affects their health. When a person has a recognizable chronic condition, the importance of diet may be even greater. As such, the effect of intakes of high amounts of dietary protein, acid, salt, and other nutrients on health of individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is of interest.1- 4
Development of a sensory afferent projection in the grasshopper embryo. I. Growth of peripheral pioneer axons within the central nervous system.

The grasshopper's cereal nerve is established early in embryogenesis by an identified pair of peripheral neurons called the cereal pioneers. Like the peripheral pioneer neurons in other insect appendages, these two cells send their axons from the periphery to the rudimentary CNS and thus lay the foundation for a nerve that will later be followed by a large number of sensory axons. In this paper, cobalt fills of the primordial cereal nerve were used to characterize the disposition of these peripheral pioneer axons within the embryonic CNS. The pioneer axons stained by this technique terminate in ellipsoidal growth cones which have filopodia radiating from the leading edge and a single long terminal filament pointing along the path the axon is taking. The growing axons also bear filopodia along their sides, but these structures disappear as the cells mature. The pioneer axons of the cereal nerve make an abrupt turn where they first enter the ganglion rudiment and join the axons of the primary longitudinal tract. The pioneers then grow along this tract for several hundred microns without forming secondary growth cones or branches. This prolonged absence of central arborization distinguishes the peripheral pioneer axons from the axons of later-arising epidermal sensory neurons.
Experimental diabetic diarrhea in rats: Intestinal mucosal denervation hypersensitivity and treatment with clonidine*

Abstract Diarrhea in streptozocin-induced chronically diabetic rats is caused by an impaired adrenergic regulation of intestinal fluid and electrolyte transport. Stimulation of α 2 -adrenergic receptors on enterocytes normally promotes NaCl absorption and inhibits HCO 3 secretion. The purpose of this study was to determine (a) if adrenergic denervation of intestinal mucosa in chronically diabetic rats alters postsynaptic receptor response, and (b) if the α 2 -adrenergic agonist clonidine could correct observed fluid malabsorption. Mucosal norepinephrine stores, a measure of adrenergic tone, were markedly reduced in diabetic rats compared with nondiabetic littermates. In vitro, short-circuit current changes to exogenously added l -epinephrine were significantly greater in diabetics, suggesting that denervation hypersensitivity was due to increased numbers of postsynaptic α 2 -adrenergic receptors. In vivo loop studies demonstrated net fluid secretion in the ileum and colon of diabetics. In diabetics, clonidine reversed the secretion to absorption, but it had no effect on fluid absorption in controls. We conclude that diabetic diarrhea in streptozocin-induced chronically diabetic rats is (a) due to impaired adrenergic regulation of mucosal ion transport, (b) accompanied by a postsynaptic denervation hypersensitivity that can be reversed by clonidine, and (c) accompanied by net intestinal fluid secretion that can be effectively reversed with clonidine.
Modeling Social Capital as Dynamic Networks to Promote Access to Oral Healthcare

Social capital, as comprised of human connections in social networks and their associated benefits, is closely related to the health of individuals, communities, and societies at large. For disadvantaged population groups such as older adults and racial/ethnic minorities, social capital may play a particularly critical role in mitigating the negative effects and reinforcing the positive effects on health. In this project, we model social capital as both cause and effect by simulating dynamic networks. Informed in part by a community-based health promotion program, an agent-based model is contextualized in a GIS environment to explore the complexity of social disparities in oral and general health as experienced at the individual, interpersonal, and community scales. This study provides the foundation for future work investigating how health and healthcare accessibility may be influenced by social networks.
Hohokam Murals at the Clan House, Casa Grande Ruins National Monument

ABSTRACTHohokam Classic period mural portions observed and sketched by Jesse Walter Fewkes in 1908 at Casa Grande Ruins National Monument are presented and discussed. This rare view of Hohokam wall art is a small but significant example of Hohokam artistic endeavor not often preserved in the archaeological record in southern Arizona. Four colors were used and the designs illustrated here are probably from the side of an unusual burial “cyst.” The design on one mural portion is a common design in Southwestern art and may indicate that Hohokam wall artists were participants in a widespread tradition.
A characterization of the semantics of logic programs with aggregates

The aggregates have greatly extended the representation power, in both theory and practice, of Answer Set Programming. Significant understanding of programs with aggregates has been gained in the last decade. However, there is still a substantial difficulty in understanding the semantics due to the nonmonotonic behavior of aggregates, which is demonstrated by several distinct semantics for aggregates in the existing work. In this paper, we aim to understand these distinct semantics in a more uniform way. Particularly, by satisfiability, rationality and consistency principles, we are able to give a uniform and simple characterizations of the three major distinct types of answer set semantics.
Highlighting for reading comprehension: Is two better than one?

Reading Comprehension is a crucial part of our everyday lives. Reading is the most frequent mode in which we obtain knowledge. If we are unable to comprehend what we read, then we are unable to learn the information we read. Regardless of how critical the skill of comprehension is to our education, there are few known ways to improve our competence in this area. Highlighting is a popular method among college students of marking material that they feel they need to memorize in order to perform well in their courses. However, it has been shown that highlighting does not improve comprehension unless the material is difficult, and only when the specific piece of information that is inquired about is physically highlighted (Dunlosky, Rawson, Marsh, Nathan, & Willingham, 2013). The purpose of the current study was to determine if dual color highlighting could help to improve comprehension more than that of the traditional single color highlighting method. The hypothesis was that highlighting text in two colors would force the reader to understand the text enough to make a judgment as to which color should be used to highlight each segment, if any. Presumably, this form of active reading would be expected to create meaning and organization of the material that would aid in the comprehension of that material, as well as simplifying the review of material. Contrary to that hypothesis, we found that dual highlighting did not improve comprehension over single color highlighting of text ,although we found improved comprehension for the highlighted information regardless of highlighting method. Additionally, we concluded that training people to highlight effectively is necessary to improve the comprehension of texts.
Prevalence of Positive Troponin and Echocardiogram Findings and Association With Mortality in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose— Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients may have raised serum cardiac troponin levels on admission, although it is unclear what prognostic implications this has, and whether elevated levels are associated with cardiac causes of stroke or structural cardiac disease as seen on echocardiogram. We investigated the positivity of cardiac troponin and echocardiogram testing within a large biracial AIS population and any association with poststroke mortality. Methods— Within a catchment area of 1.3 million, we screened emergency department admissions from 2010 using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition , discharge codes 430 to 436 and ascertained all physician-confirmed AIS cases by retrospective chart review. Hypertroponinemia was defined as elevation in cardiac troponin above the standard 99th percentile. Multiple logistic regression was performed, controlling for stroke severity, history of cardiac disease, and all other stroke risk factors. Results— Of 1999 AIS cases, 1706 (85.3%) had a cardiac troponin drawn and 1590 (79.5%) had echocardiograms. Hypertroponinemia occurred in 353 of 1706 (20.7%) and 160 of 1590 (10.1%) had echocardiogram findings of interest. Among 1377 who had both tests performed, hypertroponinemia was independently associated with echocardiogram findings (odds ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 2–4.2). When concurrent myocardial infarctions (3.5%) were excluded, hypertroponinemia was also associated with increased mortality at 1 year (35%; odds ratio, 3.45; 95% confidence interval, 2.1–5.6) and 3 years (60%; odds ratio, 2.91; 95% confidence interval, 2.06–4.11). Conclusions— Hypertroponinemia in the context of AIS without concurrent myocardial infarction was associated with structural cardiac disease and long-term mortality. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether further cardiac evaluation might improve the long-term mortality rates seen in this group.
Understanding the relationship between the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' Hospital Compare star rating, surgical case volume, and short-term outcomes after major cancer surgery.

BACKGROUND Both the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' (CMS) Hospital Compare star rating and surgical case volume have been publicized as metrics that can help patients to identify high-quality hospitals for complex care such as cancer surgery. The current study evaluates the relationship between the CMS' star rating, surgical volume, and short-term outcomes after major cancer surgery. METHODS National Medicare data were used to evaluate the relationship between hospital star ratings and cancer surgery volume quintiles. Then, multilevel logistic regression models were fit to examine the association between cancer surgery outcomes and both star rankings and surgical volumes. Lastly, a graphical approach was used to compare how well star ratings and surgical volume predicted cancer surgery outcomes. RESULTS This study identified 365,752 patients undergoing major cancer surgery for 1 of 9 cancer types at 2,550 hospitals. Star rating was not associated with surgical volume (P < .001). However, both the star rating and surgical volume were correlated with 4 short-term cancer surgery outcomes (mortality, complication rate, readmissions, and prolonged length of stay). The adjusted predicted probabilities for 5- and 1-star hospitals were 2.3% and 4.5% for mortality, 39% and 48% for complications, 10% and 15% for readmissions, and 8% and 16% for a prolonged length of stay, respectively. The adjusted predicted probabilities for hospitals with the highest and lowest quintile cancer surgery volumes were 2.7% and 5.8% for mortality, 41% and 55% for complications, 12.2% and 11.6% for readmissions, and 9.4% and 13% for a prolonged length of stay, respectively. Furthermore, surgical volume and the star rating were similarly associated with mortality and complications, whereas the star rating was more highly associated with readmissions and prolonged length of stay. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of other information, these findings suggest that the star rating may be useful to patients when they are selecting a hospital for major cancer surgery. However, more research is needed before these ratings can supplant surgical volume as a measure of surgical quality. Cancer 2017. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Localized accumulation of cytosolic calcium near the fused sperm is associated with the calcium- and voltage-dependent block of sperm entry in the sea urchin egg.

Sperm-egg interaction depolarizes the egg membrane, allowing the sperm to enter; however, if the egg membrane is not allowed to depolarize from its resting potential (e.g. by voltage-clamp), the sperm will not enter. Previous studies demonstrated that sperm entry into sea urchin eggs that are voltage-clamped at negative membrane potentials is regulated both by the egg's membrane potential and a voltage-dependent influx of calcium into the egg. In these cases, electrical or cytoplasmic continuity (sperm-egg membrane fusion) occurs at negative membrane potentials, but subsequent loss of cytoplasmic continuity results in failure of sperm entry (unfusion). The work presented herein examined where, in relation to the sperm, and when, in relation to the sperm-induced electrophysiological events, the egg's calcium influx occurs, and how these events relate to success or failed sperm entry. When sperm entered the egg, elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) began near the fused sperm on average 5.9 sec after sperm-egg membrane fusion. Conversely, when sperm failed to enter the egg, [Ca2+]i elevated near the site of sperm-egg fusion on average 0.7 sec after sperm-egg membrane fusion, which is significantly earlier than in eggs for which sperm entered. Therefore, the accumulation of calcium near the site of sperm-egg fusion is spatially and temporally consistent with the mechanism that may be responsible for loss of cytoplasmic continuity and failure of sperm entry. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
“I Felt Close to Death”: A Phenomenological Study of Female Strangulation Survivors of Intimate Terrorism

This qualitative study focused on the lived experiences of female survivors of severe intimate partner violence that involved strangulation. Such domination manifests via power and control tactics,...
Post-transcriptional Inhibition of Hsc70-4/HSPA8 Expression Leads to Synaptic Vesicle Cycling Defects in Multiple Models of ALS

NIH K-INBRE postdoctoral award [P20 GM103418]; NIH [R00 NS082376, R01NS078214, R01AG051470, R21 NS094809, RO1 NS091299]; Emory Medicine Catalyst Award; Muscular Dystrophy Association [MDA348086]; ALS Association ALSA [16-IIP-278]; Barrow Neurological Foundation; Himelic Family Foundation; Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program at UA; ARCS
Antibacterial Assessment of Heteroaryl, Vinyl, Benzyl, and Alkyl Tetrazole Compounds.

Background In previous reports, the antibacterial properties of certain tetrazole derivatives have been described. We have previously reported the antibacterial properties of aryl 1Htetrazole compounds. Objective To study the antibacterial activity of 5-substituted heteroaryl, vinyl, benzyl, and alkyl 1H-tetrazole derivatives. Methods The antibacterial properties of heteroaryl, vinyl, benzylic, and aliphatic tetrazole derivatives were investigated against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The activity was assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of these tetrazole derivatives and comparing them to the known antibiotics amoxicillin, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. Results The tetrazole compounds were prepared utilizing cerium(III) chloride heptahydrate catalysis at 160 °C for 1-4 h in a microwave reactor using an aqueous solvent mixture. The most active derivatives exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration values between 125-250 µg/mL against Escherichia coli. More importantly, these compounds were considerably more active when used in combination with trimethoprim and a significant synergistic effect was observed (MIC = 0.98-7.81 µg/mL) against E. coli and S. aureus. Conclusion The tetrazole derivatives were synthesized in high yield and short reaction times in water. Several of the tetrazole compounds showed a significant synergistic antibacterial effect when used with trimethoprim.
Merging worlds: when virtual meets physical: an experiment with hybrid learning

Online enrollments continue to grow at many institutions. However there are some legitimate questions that can be raised about the student experience in online only classes. In this paper we describe a "hybrid" approach that tries to combine the better of two worlds, i.e., the better features of the traditional face-to-face classroom instructional format and the "pure" asynchronous online format. Our goal is to offer online students some of the experiences that face-to-face students have in class while also retaining much of the flexibility that comes with an online format. The main benefits as we see them are in increased involvement of the online students with their peers in the physical class and a higher level of engagement that we believe will result in a better student experience and better student outcomes.
An Automated Laser Control Technique for Improving Powder Bed Temperature Uniformity in Selective Laser Sintering

Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) of polymers is a common technique for creating structural plastic components in additive manufacturing. As a result, the mechanical strength of SLS parts is often of concern. Testing has revealed a large variation in mechanical properties of components within the same build. It is believed that this variation is a result of poor temperature control during the sintering process. The proposed control method involves using an infrared camera to measure initial powder temperature before computing an optimal laser power profile to sinter the powder. By controlling the laser energy, it is expected that a more uniform post lasing temperature can be achieved and variation in mechanical properties can be reduced. The feed-forward control method is presented along with preliminary results.
Fethullah Gülen: His Life, Beliefs and the Movement That He Inspires

Fethullah Gulen’s early upbringing in a small village in southeastern Turkey, his early education and exposure to the ideas of Said Nursi, his later participation in Nursi reading circles and his increasing fame as a preacher in Turkey occurred within the context of Turkish history described in the previous chapter. In addition to his training in classical Islamic sciences, he is very much a product of his Turkish nationality and the political events that influenced his six or so decades as a Turkish citizen. In this chapter, I first introduce the reader to those aspects of Mr. Gulen’s early life that formed his later ideas and plans of action. Secondly, I discuss the major beliefs, convictions and priorities that guided both his early and later teachings. Thirdly, I trace the origins of the Gulen movement in Turkey and then its spread to the former Soviet Union countries and ultimately world-wide.
Doctoral essays in computer ethics

Computer technologies are having a profoundly transforming effect on how the United States federal government operates. As technologies become more sophisticated, Federal agencies are becoming more innovative, devising creative ways to use these technologies for program delivery. One hopes that the near-term effect of these technology applications will be more efficient operation of government, the goal that generally leads to their implementation.
THE STABILITY OF EMULSIFIED CRUDE OILS AS AFFECTED BY SUSPENDED PARTICLES

Abstract Interaction between emulsified crude oil and naturally occurring suspended solids, such as oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, and clays can significantly affect emulsion stability, and thereby govern the distribution and the toxicity potential of oily pollutants in the aquatic environment. The stability of three crude oil emulsions, viz., Nigerian, Venezuelan, and Iranian, was studied in response to various types and concentrations of suspended solids, viz., AI2O3, Si02, and kaolinite. Interfacial reactions between emulsion and solid are influenced by the physical and chemical properties of both kinds of particles involved as well as the chemical characteristics of the aqueous phase. The magnitude and sign of the surface charge of both the oil droplet and solid particles have been demonstrated to be important in the context of crude oil emulsion stabilization. Finely divided solid particles have been found to stabilize emulsions when both the oil droplet and solid possess small surface charge of the same or opposite sign. If the droplet and solid carry moderate to large surface charge of opposite sign, a complex destabilization phenomenon is observed. However, the solid concentration necessary to influence emulsion stability greatly exceeds mean oceanic values. Therefore, solid stabilization of crude-oil-in-water emulsions may occur in the riverine environment or off shorelines. Deep ocean drilling and estuarine dredging operation can also provide enough suspended solids for emulsion stabilization.
Carbon acquisition mechanisms in Halophila johnsonii and Thalassia testudinum

Abstract Mechanisms for carbon uptake in the small-bodied Halophila johnsonii and large-bodied Thalassia testudinum were compared using photosynthesis measurements (oxygen flux) with, and without, the extracellular carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide (AZ) and TRIS buffer. Our results indicated T. testudinum and H. johnsonii both utilize external membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase to facilitate dehydration of HCO3− into CO2(aq). T. testudinum also utilizes an active proton (H+) pump to create localized H+ gradients within the boundary layer and it derives a larger portion of photosynthetic carbon from bicarbonate than H. johnsonii. Stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of T. testudinum and H. johnsonii leaves under high and reduced irradiance were also compared to evaluate photosynthetic carbon use. Isotope ratios of H. johnsonii were significantly more negative than T. testudinum at a high-light field site (−10.44 ± 0.26‰ vs −9.25 ± 0.25‰). In contrast, there was no significant difference in isotope ratios between species for plants maintained in a greenhouse under reduced photosynthetically active radiation. This suggests photosynthesis of T. testudinum is more carbon limited or more reliant on bicarbonate for photosynthesis than H. johnsonii under high-light conditions. Although photosynthesis of both species is expected to increase in response to greater CO2(aq) availability, ocean acidification and its CO2(aq) enrichment of seawater may have greater benefits for H. johnsonii compared to T. testudinum, whose photosynthesis relies more heavily on HCO3− use.
The Rights Revolution Continues: Why New Rights are Born (and Old Rights Rarely Die)

Why do Americans, as Alexis de Tocqueville first noticed, turn public policy issues into matters of legal right? What exactly are the forces that created the rights revolution? And how will the continuing expansion of rights policies shape American politics? This Article draws on recent developments in rights politics and on academic analyses of the politics of public policymaking in order to answer these questions.
Pulse electrochemical discharge machining of glass-fiber epoxy reinforced composite

Abstract The effect of pulse current and tool immersion depth on gas film formation and its consequences on machining quality in the pulse electrochemical discharge machining (PECDM) of glass-fiber epoxy reinforced composite are studied. The frequency and duty cycle of the pulse current were controlled for discharging at no more than single spark per cycle. As compared to ECDM with DC current, the PECDM results in smaller hole diameter and smaller heat affected zone (HAZ). Also, lower tool immersion depth results in thinner gas film and smaller HAZ in the workpiece.
The era of the expert: dementia, remembrance, and jurisprudence in Atom Egoyan’s Remember (2015)

Recent trials of elderly Holocaust perpetrators have foregrounded an epistemological problem with consequences for future prosecutions: what status do witness testimonies, survivor memoirs, and blu...
The EXCITE Grant: A Case in Innovative Library Professional Development

Libraries programs are sometimes offered on a trial and error basis. The EXCITE program offers an intensive professional development experience. This experience is designed to help librarians devel...
Cause and Effect in Antidiscrimination Law

Standards of causation in antidiscrimination law, and disparate-treatment cases in particular, are deeply flawed. Their defects have caused an illogical, obscure, and unworkable proof scheme that requires an overhaul to curb the harm that it engenders and to allow the antidiscrimination statutes to serve their objectives effectively. This Article proposes a theory and method of causation that achieves this goal. The problem stems from the inadequacies associated with current standards of causation in disparate-treatment cases—the but-for test and the motivating-factor test. The proposed “factorial” approach introduces a causal standard that addresses these inadequacies. It entails three innovations over current causation schemes: 1) it adopts a predominant framework for cause and effect in the sciences, called the “potential-outcomes” framework, as a central structure in which to sharply define and analyze the causal inquiry; 2) it employs a causal measure, called the “NESS” test, that refines and, in a sense, unifies the but-for and motivating-factor tests by retaining the central feature of the but-for test—the “necessity condition”—but in a less restrictive form; and 3) it applies a legal framework grounded in tort law and recent advances regarding multiple sufficient causes. In addition to reflecting actual cause and effect, the proposed approach promotes antidiscrimination law’s deterrence and fairness objectives, and it allows an interpretation of causal language in antidiscrimination statutes that is consistent with good policy and Congress’s intent—an interpretation not possible under current standards.