cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Geochemistry of dissolved inorganic carbon in a Coastal Plain aquifer. 2. Modeling carbon sources, sinks, and δ13C evolution

Abstract Stable isotope data for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), carbonate shell material and cements, and microbial CO2 were combined with organic and inorganic chemical data from aquifer and confining-bed pore waters to construct geochemical reaction models along a flowpath in the Black Creek aquifer of South Carolina. Carbon-isotope fractionation between DIC and precipitating cements was treated as a Rayleigh distillation process. Organic matter oxidation was coupled to microbial fermentation and sulfate reduction. All reaction models reproduced the observed chemical and isotopic compositions of final waters. However, model 1, in which all sources of carbon and electron-acceptors were assumed to be internal to the aquifer, was invalidated owing to the large ratio of fermentation CO2 to respiration CO2 predicted by the model (5–49) compared with measured ratios (two or less). In model 2, this ratio was reduced by assuming that confining beds adjacent to the aquifer act as sources of dissolved organic carbon and sulfate. This assumption was based on measured high concentrations of dissolved organic acids and sulfate in confining-bed pore waters (60–100 μM and 100–380 μM, respectively) relative to aquifer pore waters (from less than 30 μM and 2–80 μM, respectively). Sodium was chosen as the companion ion to organic-acid and sulfate transport from confining beds because it is the predominant cation in confining-bed pore waters. As a result, excessive amounts of Na-for-Ca ion exchange and calcite precipitation (three to four times more cement than observed in the aquifer) were required by model 2 to achieve mass and isotope balance of final water. For this reason, model 2 was invalidated. Agreement between model-predicted and measured amounts of carbonate cement and ratios of fermentation CO2 to respiration CO2 were obtained in a reaction model that assumed confining beds act as sources of DIC, as well as organic acids and sulfate. This assumption was supported by measured high concentrations of DIC in confining beds (2.6–2.7 mM). Results from this study show that geochemical models of confined aquifer systems must incorporate the effects of adjacent confining beds to reproduce observed groundwater chemistry accurately.
pH microdomains in oligodendrocytes

Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are cells that produce myelin in the central nervous system. Here we use ratiometric pH indicator dye to analyze intracellular pH in OLs in culture. The results reveal alkaline microdomains, which predominate in the perikaryon and proximal dendrites, and acidic microdomains, which predominate in distal dendrites. Spatial nonuniformity of pH is generated by differential subcellular distribution of Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE), which is localized in a punctate distribution in the perikaryon and proximal processes, Na(+)/HCO(3)(-) cotransporter (NBC), which is localized in a punctate distribution in distal dendrites, and carbonic anhydrase isotype II (CAII), which is colocalized with either NHE or NBC. Inhibition of NHE activity by amiloride inhibits regeneration of alkaline microdomains after cytoplasmic acidification, whereas the inhibition of CAII activity with ethoxyzolamide inhibits acidification of dendrites. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy analysis of CAII microinjected into OLs reveals freely diffusing protein throughout the cell as well as protein associated predominantly with NHE in the perikaryon and predominantly with NBC in the dendrites. Alkaline and acidic microdomains could be generated by transport metabolons consisting of CAII associated with NHE or NBC, respectively. This study provides the first evidence for pH microdomains in cells and describes a mechanism for how they are generated.
Analysis of QT Interval in Patients with Idiopathic Mitral Valve Prolapse

Analysis of the QT interval from repeated recordings was made in 56 patients with documented idiopathic mitral valve prolapse (IMVP). The results were corn pared with a control of 62 healthy volunteers in whom rnit.mil valve prolapse was excluded by both pbocardiography and echocardiography and with two other standard populations, those of Simonson aad co-workers and of Ashman. After cormdon for age, the maximum QT interval of the patients with IMVP exceeded the 97.5 percentile of Sionson population in 51 of 56 patients compared witb only tbree of 62 subjects of tbe control group. The ditlerence between tbe QT interval of patients from the upper limits of the predicted mean values of Simonson was significant (P < 0.002). Tbe mean QTC interval in patients with IMVP was ardiac arrhythmias are common in patients with mihal valve prolapse.14 Dangerous rhythm disturbances leading on occasion to sudden death have been reported in patients with this abnormality.4+6*7 The mechanism of these arrhythmias remains uncertain. An association between mitral valve prolapse and ST, T wave abnormalities with or without QT prolongation has also been reported.l133 The incidence of QT abnormalities in these studies varied widely from 0.6 percent to as high as 64 percent.lv3 The discrepancies in the incidence of QT prolongation may reflect the variety of methods used to measure the QT interval, differences among the studied populations (due to drug therapy or presence of other cardiac abnormalities), or spontaneous variability of the QT interval in some patients. It is known that inhomogeneity in repolarization manifested as QT abnormalities is related to the genesis of arrhythmia~.~-'~ l~ No study specifically designed to evaluate the QT interval and its relationship to arrhythmias in patients with idiopathic mitral valve prolapse ( IMVP) has been previously reported. The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the QT interval in a
Memory loss as a reported symptom of andropause

Andropause seem to be less defined than menopause. This study on older patients describes how they perceive and understand this aging process. A noninterventional, cross-sectional study was performed to determine what men report as symptoms of andropause to ascertain if memory loss was a predominant feature. The hypothesis was that androgens such as testosterone are responsible for visual-spatial and memory development. As such the aging process of andropause, which is associated with declines in testosterone levels, would lead to memory loss. A standardized questionnaire of 22 questions was administered to 302 outpatients of a medical center. Information on patient demographics, understanding of andropause, and risk factors was collected. Of the 302 patients, 71% were above 60 years and whites predominated at 87%. Memory loss was reported in 36% of the patients who felt that they had experienced andropause. It was the third most common symptom after erectile dysfunction (46%) and general weakness (41%). Twenty-two percent of the 302 patients had a history of diabetes. Among those who reported that they had undergone andropause, diabetic patients were more likely to report memory loss (p = .03, OR = 1.9. CI = 1.1-3.4). Sixty-four percent of patients reported the onset of andropause to be between 50 and 70 years (the median age being 50-60 years). This study highlights the importance of testosterone in maintaining cognitive functions. It supports studies of testosterone replacement in men undergoing andropause and who have concomitant dementia. The results parallel recent reports of the neuroprotective effects of estrogens in preventing dementia. Diabetes is associated with memory loss because of the additional insults to cognitive function of the brain secondary to ischemia.
Consistency and change in the rhetoric of Stephen A. Douglas

In his own time, and since that time to the present, Stephen A. Douglas has been praised and reviled for his resolute persistence and also praised and reviled for his elastic flexibility. We account for this bifurcated assessment through a careful examination of the key texts of Douglas's public career, concluding that Douglas negotiated consistency and change through his adherence to a hierarchy of values. The values grounding his arguments changed, but within a hierarchy that remained consistent. The issues that Douglas addressed are some of those that characterize the contemporary public sphere. Understanding of the way that Douglas addressed those questions can help to situate them within an evolving rhetorical history.
Cross-nationalizing the History of Industrial Hazard.

The recent furore over lead-contaminated toys points to how transnational our encounters with industrial hazards have become. Over the summer months of 2007, Mattel, Inc., the world’s largest toymaker, recalled some 20,000,000 toys, nearly 3,000,000 of them because of lead-contaminated paint. The recall mushroomed into an international event. In Germany regulators pulled some 1,000,000 toys from the shelves, in Britain and Ireland, 2,000,000; countries from Malaysia to Bahrain joined the toy returns. In just one of the incriminated Chinese factories, some 83 different kinds of toys may have been painted with lead pigment. Suddenly, this toxic metal, along with carbon monoxide, the world’s oldest recognised industrial hazard, took the Western world by surprise. Despite widespread assumptions that we were safe from its clutches, a whole new vein of lead had turned up, running into our department stores, homes and perhaps also our children. The US coverage was split between blaming and exoner-ating Mattel’s executives, but more uniformly, it construed this as a crisis for American consumers. Coverage did extend to the industrial pollution produced by China’s quarter-century of economic boom. But the insides of its factories were another matter, largely neglected.1
Study of some hydrogenated vanadium-based A15 compounds

The degrees of hydrogenation in ${\mathrm{V}}_{3}$Ga, ${\mathrm{V}}_{3}$Ge, and ${\mathrm{V}}_{3}$Si were determined. The effects of hydrogen on the superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{c}$, the lattice parameter, and the pressure dependence of ${T}_{c}$ were measured. The results will be discussed and compared with those of other hydrogenated and radiation damaged $A15$ compounds.
IBM 193-nm bilayer resist: materials, lithographic performance, and optimization

193nm lithography will be the future technology for sub- 150nm resolution. As the dimensions get smaller, resist thickness is also needed to be reduced for better resolution and wider process window. Single layer 193nm resist, with thickness of less than 500nm, may not be able to satisfy some of the substrate etch requirement. With bilayer resist scheme, the thin resist offers the advantages of high resolution and good process window. The thick underlayer provides the etch resistance required for substrate etching. IBM has developed a silane substituted alternating copolymer based 193nm bilayer resist system and demonstrates sub-120nm resolution using Nikon 0.6NA stepper with Chrome on Glass (COG) mask. Lithographic performance and formulation optimizations of this 193nm bilayer resist as well as underlayer evaluation and some etch study will be discussed.
Experience with a Higher Impedance, Fixed Helix, Steroid‐Eluting Pacing Lead

A higher impedance, steroid-eluting pacing lead was studied in a multicenter trial. A total of 132 leads were implanted in 61 patients and the electrical characteristics were compared with historical controls. The study lead had a lower pacing threshold at 3 months, 0.72 +/- 0.33 versus 1.29 +/- 0.82 in the atrium and 0.71 +/- 0.25 versus 1.52 +/- 0.52 in the ventricle (P < 0.01 for both). Impedance was significantly higher in the study lead, 923 +/- 133 versus 719 +/- 109 in the atrium and 980 +/- 235 versus 664 +/- 104 in the ventricle (P < 0.01 for both). Sensing was similar for both leads. The study lead's higher impedance values and low pacing thresholds combine to reduce pacing system energy requirements.
DIFFERENTIAL EYEBLINK CONDITIONING IN VOLUNTARY AND NONVOLUNTARY SUBJECTS

41 Ss in an eyeblink conditioning experiment underwent 60 trials of continuous reinforcement followed by 90 trials of differential conditioning. For neither of 2 indices of differential responding to the positive and negative stimuli during differential conditioning was there a difference between “voluntary” and “nonvoluntary” Ss. This was true whether the classification of Ss was based on data obtained during continuous reinforcement or during differential conditioning.
Nurses and Mass Casualty Management: Filling an Educational Gap

The International Nursing Coalition for Mass Casualty Education (INCMCE) was formed to facilitate the systematic development of sustainable and scalable educational policies related to mass casualty education and to specifically address the lack of specific mass casualty education in current community health curriculum in schools of nursing. With a focus on education, INCMCE plans to take advantage of new learning sciences and technologies, particularly as they facilitate recall of content under stress that was learned during an earlier period of time. This will also have implications across the continuum of nursing education curriculum. The article also introduces the concept of core competencies in mass casualty education, which was created by INCMCE for all nurses, as well as other competencies for nurses who carry additional disaster response responsibilities.
Reductive functionalization of carbon dioxide to methyl acrylate at zerovalent tungsten

Alkali metal reduction of tungsten tetrachloride in the presence of excess trimethylphosphite and ethylene affords moderate yields of trans-tetrakis(trimethylphosphite)tungsten bis(ethylene). This easily prepared species bearing inexpensive ancillary ligands promotes the oxidative coupling of carbon dioxide and ethylene at ambient temperature to produce two isomeric tetrakis(trimethylphosphite)tungsten acrylate hydride complexes. These isomers vary by the κ2-O,O and κ3-C,C,O coordination mode of the acrylate ligand, and swiftly interconvert in solution as detected by 2D NMR spectroscopy. The CO2-derived acrylate fragment may be released from the tungsten coordination sphere by treatment with methyl iodide to afford modest quantities of free methyl acrylate.
Proving “The Girl Effect”: Corporate knowledge production and educational intervention

Abstract The Nike Foundation, the philanthropic arm of Nike, Inc., seeks to prove the “The Girl Effect,” its theory of change, through investments in adolescent girls in the Global South. The foundation defines it as the “unique potential of 250 million adolescent girls to end poverty for themselves and the world.” This article examines the elaborate, yet continually contested processes of attempting to prove “The Girl Effect.” It draws on ethnographic research in the U.S. and Brazil (2009–2010) to analyze how the Nike Foundation funds, produces, and distributes knowledge on the purported potential of particular adolescent girls to end poverty. It focuses on how the monitoring and evaluation practices of one grantee in Brazil were informed by and contributed to the foundation's broader project of proving “The Girl Effect.” The analysis explains how this occurred through processes of knowledge production and educational intervention that were predicated on an epistemological understanding of the trope of “Third World girl.” It provides insights into how the foundation extends it power and authority over new bodies, institutions, and geographies by asserting itself as an expert on adolescent girls and by influencing the development agendas of more powerful global institutions.
Involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and extracellular-regulated kinase in hepatic stellate cell antioxidant response and myofibroblastic transdifferentiation

Liver fibrogenesis is dependent upon transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells to a profibrogenic phenotype. Prooxidant stress purportedly stimulates both an antioxidant response and myofibroblastic transdifferentiation with fibrogenic gene expression; however, mechanisms by which oxidative stress mediates stellate cell activation remain unclear. To this end, stellate cells were treated with tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), a known inducer of antioxidant response genes. As anticipated, tBHQ induced expression of antioxidant response element (ARE)-regulated genes via the transcription factor Nrf2. Further, tBHQ promoted transdifferentiation of quiescent stellate cells cultured on Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm extracellular matrix. Pretreatment of cultured stellate cells with a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor blocked tBHQ-mediated ARE-dependent gene induction as well as stellate cell transdifferentiation. In contrast, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, which was demonstrated to be prominently phosphorylated following tBHQ treatment, was not found to affect either induction of the antioxidant response nor stellate cell transdifferentiation. These data implicate involvement of PI3K pathways in tBHQ-mediated stellate cell activation and demonstrate a requirement for PI3K in the antioxidant response of hepatic stellate cells.
Primary Hodgkin lymphoma of the adrenal gland: Case report and literature review

Primary adrenal gland lymphoma is an uncommon diagnosis. Even among the small group of reported cases, most casesare diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Primary Hodgkin lymphoma of the adrenal gland has only been described oncepreviously in the English literature. We describe the second case of primary adrenal gland Hodgkin lymphoma and reviewpertinent literature.
Enhancing safety and outcomes with the newer antithrombotic and antiplatelet agents

Novel antithrombotic and antiplatelet agents may help reduce the short-term risk of ischemic complications and the long-term risk of restenosis in patients undergoing coronary revascularization procedures. Recent clinical trials suggest that, compared with heparin, direct thrombin inhibitors (such as hirudin and hirulog) offer a predictable dose-response effect on the activated partial thromboplastin time without a concomitant increase in bleeding. Among the newer antiplatelet agents, the platelet integrin glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (including c7E3 Fab and Integrelin) have generated the greatest interest. Clinical trial data have shown that c7E3 Fab (administered in conjunction with heparin) significantly reduces ischemic events and improves clinical outcomes. In phase II trials, Integrelin has also shown similar effects. The primary limitations have been an increase in heparin-associated bleeding, which suggests that the safety profile may be enhanced by careful adjustment of the heparin dose and implementation of other patient management guidelines. The safety and efficacy data obtained in future trials should shed more light on the appropriate roles of these drugs in interventional cardiology. (AM HEART J 1995 ;130 :673-9.)
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent and -independent phytochrome signal transduction pathways

Phytochrome is a well-characterized plant photoreceptor, able to modulate many morphological, physiological, and biochemical events through as yet undefined mechanisms. By developing single-cell assays to visualize phytochrome responses, we have studied the effects of microinjecting putative signaling intermediates into phytochrome-deficient tomato cells. We demonstrate that phytochrome phototransduction initially involves the activation of one or more G proteins that are coupled to at least two different pathways; one pathway requires calcium and activated calmodulin and can stimulate expression of a photoregulated cab-GUS reporter gene together with the synthesis and assembly of some, but not all, of the photosynthetic complexes. The other pathway, controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis, does not require calcium. Furthermore, our results reveal that phytochrome signaling is cell autonomous and is not likely to require any light-activated steps downstream of the G protein.
Proteolysis of chloroplast thylakoid membranes. I. Selective degradation of thylakoid pigment-protein complexes at the outer membrane surface☆

Abstract Isolated pea thylakoids were experimentally unstacked in low-salt buffer and incubated with Pronase or trypsin. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that brief treatment with a very low concentration (1 μg/ml) of either enzyme had an effect primarily on the light-harvesting chlorophyll a b -protein complexes, which are more sensitive to proteolytic attack than the other proteins of the thylakoid membranes. This mild proteolysis cleaves a ~1000-dalton portion from the predominant 28,000-dalton polypeptide of these complexes. Extensive proteolysis (100 μg Pronase/ml for 15 min) degraded almost all membrane polypeptides not associated with the pigment-protein complexes and degraded the chlorophyll a b -protein complexes further than milder proteolysis. Pronase treatment of thylakoids in the presence of horseradish peroxidase was used to monitor membrane breakage during proteolysis. Treatment with 100 μg Pronase/ ml enabled considerable amounts of peroxidase activity, and presumably, proteolytic enzymes to enter into the intrathylakoid space. This trapping of peroxidase activity was seen only minimally with milder proteolysis (1 μg Pronase/ml). These results suggest that brief exposure to low concentrations of proteolytic enzymes affects only the outer, stromal thylakoid surface, while at higher concentrations, significant proteolysis takes place at both sides of the membrane.
Flowfield characteristics in a liquid propellant rocket

Measurements of LOX drop size and velocity in a uni-element liquid propellant rocket chamber are presented. The use of the Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer in obtaining temporally averaged probability density functions of drop size in a harsh rocket environment has been demonstrated. Complementary measurements of drop size/velocity for simulants under cold flow conditions are also presented. The drop size/velocity measurements made for combusting and cold flow conditions are compared, and the results indicate that there are significant differences in the two flowfields.
Quality Factors and Energy Losses of Single-Crystal Silicon Nanowire Electromechanical Resonators

We report measurements on quality factors (Q's) of single-crystal silicon nanowire (SiNW) resonators operating in the very-high frequency (VHF) range. Q's of ~200 MHz metalized SiNWs are considerably lower than those of the pristine SiNWs operating at similar frequencies. The observed damping effect due to resonance transduction agrees well with the loaded-Q model for magnetomotive scheme. The temperature dependency of dissipation (Q-1 ) is found to be approximately from Q-1 prop T0.3 to Q-1 prop T0.4. Clamping losses are becoming important for such VHF ultrasmall resonators.
Long-term outcome in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent minimally invasive parathyroidectomy

Background Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) has become a well-accepted treatment for selected patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). However, few studies have evaluated long-term outcomes for this operative approach. We therefore chose to examine both the long-term symptom resolution and biochemical cure following MIP for PHPT.
Cation-diffusion-induced characteristic beam damage in transmission electron microscope images of micas

Abstract Transmission and analytical electron microscopy have been used to characterize the numerous lenticular fissures which were observed in electron micrographs of paragonite. Observations with a very weak electron beam revealed that there were no fissures in the original paragonite and that the degree of damage is a function of exposure to the beam. AEM analysis revealed that there is significant loss of Na in the beam-damaged paragonite. The fissures may be caused by collapse of the paragonite structure to a pyrophyllite-like structure, which has a smaller basal spacing due to loss of interlayer Na. Data from a survey of TEM observations of other phyllosilicates which show similar features imply that the fissures are directly associated with the interlayer cation Na and that beam damage effects are related to the interlayer cations in micas.
Tidal and spring‐neap variations in horizontal dispersion in a partially mixed estuary

[1] A sequence of dye releases in the Hudson River estuary provide a quantitative assessment of horizontal dispersion in a partially mixed estuary. Dye was released in the bottom boundary layer on 4 separate occasions, with varying tidal phase and spring-neap conditions. The three-dimensional distribution of dye was monitored by two vessels with in situ, profiling fluorometers. The three-dimensional spreading of the dye was estimated by calculating the time derivative of the second moment of the dye in the along-estuary, cross-estuary and vertical directions. The average along-estuary dispersion rate was about 100 m 2 /s, but maximum rates up to 700 m 2 /s occurred during ebb tides, and minimum rates occurred during flood. Vertical shear dispersion was the principal mechanism during neap tides, but transverse shear dispersion became more important during springs. Suppression of mixing across the pycnocline limited the vertical extent of the patch in all but the maximum spring-tide conditions, with vertical diffusivities in the pycnocline estimated at 4 � 10 � 5 m 2 /s during neaps. The limited vertical extent of the dye patch limited the dispersion of the dye relative to the overall estuarine dispersion rate, which was an order of magnitude greater than that of the dye. This study indicates that the effective dispersion of waterborne material in an estuary depends sensitively on its vertical distribution as well as the phase of the spring-neap cycle.
Continuous Hopfield computational network: hardware implementation

A simple continuous type of Hopfield network is studied and the principle behind the operation of these circuits is discussed. These circuits are also known as collective decision circuits. The nature or such circuits suggests that they are more effective for problems that involve global interaction between different parts of the problem. The neural network that can solve the problem has many interconnected amplifiers. It is able rapidly to follow the computation path to a solution. In order to examine the basic principles of all such complicated circuits, we consider the design fabrication and performance evaluation of a simple flip-flop circuit popularly used in the electronics industry. The circuit uses general principles resulting from the understanding of the basic collective computational properties of a specific class of analogue Hopfield network. The circuit is tested for different input parameters and computational energy computed in each case. The process is repeated with external input current ...
A Theory-based Faculty Development Program for Clinician—Educators

This essay describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of a theory-based faculty development program for physician-educators in medicine and pediatrics at The Cleveland Clinic. The program comprises a 12-hour course (focused on skills in precepting, bedside teaching, leading small-group discussions, giving lectures, designing curricula, and giving effective feedback); onsite coaching of teaching (on wards, in outpatient clinics, or in formal lectures); and innovative projects in clinical medical education. The program advocates and demonstrates a tailored-teaching approach combined with learner-centered, interactive, experiential, and reflective teaching strategies. The evaluation of the program includes satisfaction ratings, self-assessment of teaching competencies, and independent ratings of teaching effectiveness by the participants' trainees (medical students, residents, and fellows). The program is rated highly, shows significant improvements in teaching skills as measured by both participants' self assessments and independent ratings by participants' trainees, and is ongoing.
Strengthening the McKay Conjecture to include local fields and local Schur indices

Abstract A central problem in the representation theory of finite groups is, given a prime p, the study of relationships between the representations of G and those of p-local subgroups of G. The simplest of these is perhaps the McKay Conjecture, which concerns the number of irreducible characters of degree prime to p. Even though this conjecture remains open, in an effort to understand it, a number of strengthenings of it have been proposed. Recently, Isaacs and Navarro, and later Navarro, have proposed interesting stronger conjectures indicating that congruences modulo p of the degree of the characters, and the invariance under certain type of fixed Galois automorphism could be taken into account as well. We propose an even further strengthening of McKay's Conjecture which takes into account, in addition, the p-local field of definition of the irreducible characters, as well as their p-local Schur indices.
Application of Intel many integrated core (MIC) architecture to the Yonsei University planetary boundary layer scheme in Weather Research and Forecasting model

The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model provided operational services worldwide in many areas and has linked to our daily activity, in particular during severe weather events. The scheme of Yonsei University (YSU) is one of planetary boundary layer (PBL) models in WRF. The PBL is responsible for vertical sub-grid-scale fluxes due to eddy transports in the whole atmospheric column, determines the flux profiles within the well-mixed boundary layer and the stable layer, and thus provide atmospheric tendencies of temperature, moisture (including clouds), and horizontal momentum in the entire atmospheric column. The YSU scheme is very suitable for massively parallel computation as there are no interactions among horizontal grid points. To accelerate the computation process of the YSU scheme, we employ Intel Many Integrated Core (MIC) Architecture as it is a multiprocessor computer structure with merits of efficient parallelization and vectorization essentials. Our results show that the MIC-based optimization improved the performance of the first version of multi-threaded code on Xeon Phi 5110P by a factor of 2.4x. Furthermore, the same CPU-based optimizations improved the performance on Intel Xeon E5-2603 by a factor of 1.6x as compared to the first version of multi-threaded code.
SOME PROPERTIES OF A CHOLESTEROL ESTERIFYING ENZYME IN HUMAN PLASMA.

Abstract A method for the radioassay of plasma cholesterol esterifying activity has been developed. Employing this method, a study has been made of the influence of pH, polyvalent cations and anions, urea, and sodium taurocholate on the cholesterol esterification reaction in human plasma. The optimal pH range is 7.5–8.5. Calcium inhibits and phosphate stimulates the reaction, but marked effects occur only in greater than physiological concentrations. The reaction is irreversibly inactivated by urea, while the inhibition by sodium taurocholate is reversible. The behavior of the cholesterol esterifying activity of human plasma on electrophoresis, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, gel filtration, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and hydroxylapatite chromatography has also been investigated; and a procedure has been developed for the preliminary purification of a cholesterol esterifying enzyme from human blood-bank plasma.
Fast-Paced High School Science for the Academically Talented: A Six-Year Perspective

This is a 6-year study of academically talented students, 12 to 16 years old, who completed a 1-year course in high school biology, chemistry, or physics in 3 weeks at a residential summer program. Students demonstrated subject mastery by taking College Entrance Examination Board (CEEB) science achievement tests. Their mean scores were higher than those of high school juniors and seniors. Also examined were the relationships between students' achievement in science and mathematical and verbal aptitude test scores, or age. Mathematical ability seemed to be a better predictor of science achievement than verbal ability. Except for biology, there was no significant relationship between achievement and age. Follow-up studies of achievement indicated that students aecelerated in science performed well in subsequent science courses at their regular schools. The study suggests that academically talented students could begin high school sciences earlier than is currently allowed in most American schools.
A method of predicting the site of alkylation of heterocyclic polyazines from kinetic data on model compounds

Abstract A method is presented which enables calculation of isomer ratios resulting from the N-methylation of polyazines in dimethyl sulfoxide. The method assumes that substituent and annular nitrogen atom effects on reactivity are additive in the absence of steric factors. Kinetic studies on model azines provide rate factors which are employed in the calculations. Observed and calculated isomer ratios are compared for a number of polyazines. An extension to N-oxidation is suggested.
A major late Proterozoic tectonic event in southwestern Spitsbergen

Abstract A newly-recognized angular unconformity within upper Proterozoic rocks of northern Wedel Jarlsberg Land (WJL), SW Spitsbergen, records a major deformational episode in late Proterozoic time. Cross-bedding and other younging-direction indicators in the sub-unconformity rocks show that they were mostly overturned at the time the Proterozoic sequence above the unconformity was deposited. Recumbent isoclinal folds, sheath folds, and fold axis-parallel lineations in the older sequence rocks, combined with their regional stratigraphic inversion, suggest that the Proterozoic event involved large-scale translation of nappe-like structures. Recognition of this late Proterozoic event also has implications for models of early Paleozoic (Caledonian) deformation in Spitsbergen. Regional outcrop patterns of the two Proterozoic sequences in WJL suggest that there is stratigraphic continuity across a Caledonian strike-slip terrane boundary fault inferred by other workers and that the Proterozoic angular unconformity occurs near the site of this postulated fault.
On the Gamma Ray Line from the Galactic Centre

JOHNSON, Harnden and Haymes1 have published a spectrum of low energy gamma rays from the direction of the galactic centre. The observed differential photon number spectrum is approximated by a power law of spectral index 2.37 ± 0.05. In addition, they find a spectral feature at 473 ± 30 keV. The total feature is 4.0 standard deviations above the best-fit power law for the full data. The photon flux within the feature is (1.8±0.5) × 10−3 cm−2 s−1. If the source is in the galactic nucleus (D = 10 kpc), the total emission in the feature is of order 1043 photon s−1 and the luminosity is 1037 erg s−1 at 473 keV.
Theoretical and experimental aspects of surface diffusion in porous catalysts: I. Nonreactive conditions

Abstract The primary goal of this study is to clarify some very basic questions and outstanding problems in the field of surface diffusion in porous catalysts. Attention is focused on certain mathematical techniques utilized in the past to interpret experimental data. The common assumption of adsorption equilibrium is shown to lead to very serious errors. Two approximate perturbation techniques are presented which lead to analytical expressions for surface diffusion enhancement as a function of the relevant parameters. These expressions are shown to yield good predictions of overall diffusivities. We conclude that similar analyses should be employed to interpret or reevaluate surface-diffusion data and, particularly, to check the adsorption equilibrium assumption.
Visible/infrared radiometric calibration station

Los Alamos National Laboratories has begun construction of a visible/infrared radiometric calibration station that will allow for absolute calibration of optical and IR remote sensing instruments with clear apertures less than 16 inches in diameter in a vacuum environment. The calibration station broadband sources will be calibrated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and allow for traceable absolute radiometric calibration to within +/- 3% in the visible and near IR (0.4-2.5 micrometers ), and less than +/- 1% in the infrared, up to 12 micrometers . Capabilities for placing diffraction limited images of for sensor full-field flooding will exist. The facility will also include the calibration of polarization and spectra effects, spatial resolution, field of view performance, and wavefront characterization. The configuration of the vacuum calibration station consists of an off-axis 21 inch, f/3.2, parabolic collimator with a scanning fold flat in collimated space. The sources are placed, via mechanisms to be described, at the focal plane of the off-axis parabola. Vacuum system pressure will be in the 10-6 Torr range. The broadband white-light source is a custom design by LANL with guidance from Labsphere Inc. The continuous operating radiance of the integrating sphere will be from 0.0-0.006 W/cm2/Sr/micrometers (upper level quoted for approximately 500 nm wavelength). The blackbody source is also custom designed at LANL with guidance from NIST. The blackbody temperature will be controllable between 250-350 degree(s)K. Both of the above sources have 4.1 inch apertures with estimated radiometric instability at less than 1%. The designs of each of these units will be described. The monochromator and interferometer light sources are outside the vacuum, but all optical relay and beam shaping optics are enclosed within the vacuum calibration station. These sources are to be described, as well as the methodology for alignment and characterization.
Compressive osseointegration into a custom acetabular implant masquerading as tumor recurrence: a case report.

Background Compressive osseointegration is a durable method of method of achieving fixation in long-bone reconstruction, and radiographic findings are well described. The radiographic appearance of integration into the pelvis is poorly defined in the available literature.
Short sleep duration and insomnia associated with hypertension incidence.

Insomnia and short sleep duration are potentially separate but overlapping constructs, both of which may confer independent risk for adverse health outcomes. Accordingly, it is important to consider both in the context of epidemiologic research. The paper by Meng et al.1 adopts precisely this approach when exploring if and how insomnia and/or short sleep duration may confer risk for hypertension.
A foot in the door : Strategic dissemination of nonprofit sector research to Congress

Should nonprofit sector researchers adjust their research agendas for Capitol Hill? The answer is an unqualified yes, especially if Congress is meant as one of the audiences for such research. No think tank researcher working in the nation’s capital conducts studies without some inkling that his or her research will inform and influence policy discussions on the Hill. Importantly for social scientists, 100% of congressional staff members interviewed for this study acknowledged that ideology affects how they analyze research. Nonprofit sector researchers should consequently observe five strategies to overcome ideological biases and improve their credibility on the Hill: (a) aggressively market briefing papers to congressional staff members, (b) focus on local rather than national studies, (c) share data with other think tanks, (d) send research findings to relevant government agencies, and (e) collaborate on joint initiatives with strange bedfellows.
Living in Extended-Stay Hotels: Older Residents’ Perceptions of Satisfying and Stressful Environmental Conditions

This article presents findings from a qualitative study that explores older adults’ perceptions of budget hotel environments as suitable places to reside and manage health. Fifteen low-income older residents from nine hotels were interviewed using qualitative photo-elicitation methods. Through thematic analysis of transcripts and photographs, satisfying and stressful conditions were identified in the data. Residents described all-inclusive access, surveilled safety, supportive amenities, and livable communities to be satisfying environmental attributes. However, poor air quality, unsanitary surroundings, neglected property management, disruptive guests, and restrictive policies were environmental stressors. Implications and suggestions for practitioners working with older adults in hotels are discussed.
A Longitudinal Analysis of Adherence and Health Status in Childhood Diabetes

Applied structural equation modeling to a longitudinal data set of 193 youngsters with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus assessed on two occasions, an average of 1.65 years apart. Six adherence constructs, Injection, Exercise, Diet Type, Testing-Eating Frequency, Calories Consumed, and Concentrated Sweets, were quantified from 24-hr recall interviews conducted with mother and child. Glycemic control was indexed by glycosylated hemoglobin (HA1C); lipid metabolism was indexed by fasting triglyceride levels (TRIG). The relationship of each adherence construct to metabolic control was tested separately. Patient age and disease duration served as exogenous variables in all models. Testing-Eating Frequency was associated with HA1C and Injection was associated with TRIG; in both cases better adherence was associated with better metabolic control. However, the standardized regression weights and variance accounted for were small. Patient age was a predictor of both adherence and metabolic control; older youngsters were less adherent and were in worse metabolic control. Inspection of models for younger versus older children suggested that age-homogeneous models improved prediction, but adherence and metabolic control linkages remained weak. Suggestions for refining the model are provided.
Influence of disturbance on insect communities in Pacific Northwest streams

Coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest provide a unique setting for stream ecology research because of the great age of the forests and the important role of wood debris in structuring aquatic systems. The composition and diversity of the insect community in Mack Creek, a stream in a 450 yr conifer forest, was compared with that in Grasshopper Creek where it flowed through a recent clearcut, and at Quartz Creek, which had a 40 yr deciduous canopy. Of the 256 taxa identified, Mack Creek had the highest species richness (196) and evenness. The open site had 191 taxa but high dominance of a few grazer taxa. The deciduous-canopy site had 165 taxa with abundant detritivores. Despite differences in density, the biomass of emergence was similar at the three sites, ranging from 1.53 to 1.65 g m−2 yr−1. The importance of disturbance in structuring stream communities was demonstrated in phenomenological studies after a debris torrent at Quartz Creek, and by monitoring stream recovery following the eruption of Mt. St. Helens in 1980. At Quartz Creek, the debris torrent eliminated the fauna from a 300 m reach, but there was rapid recovery. Emergence density in the same year was similar to that of the control site. The major shift in populations was a decrease in detritivores and moss associates and an increase in grazers, especially Baetis mayflies. At Ape Creek on Mt. St. Helens, over 200 taxa were recorded by 1987 but most occurred in very low densities. This site is reset by winter freshets and by infilling with glacial fines in the summer so the fauna continues to be dominated by weedy, or early successional species. At Clearwater Creek, the presence of wood debris as a stable substrate and limited inputs of fine sediment after 1980 have hastened population recovery. A decade after the eruption this site can be characterized as being in the mid-stages of succession with high insect productivity from an algal-based food web. With further growth of the riparian vegetation I predict a shift towards a detritus-based food web and fauna more similar to Mack Creek than it is at present.
Heritability of variation of plasma cortisol levels

Abstract Heritability of the variation of the plasma concentrations of total and unbound cortisol, cortisol binding globulin (CBG), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) was investigated in 20 monozygotic (MZ) and 20 dizygotic (DZ) male twin pairs. Three plasma samples collected between 8 am and 9:30 am were pooled for the assays. Heritability was calculated from the intraclass correlation [2(rMZ - rDZ)]. The mean age, total and unbound cortisol, CBG, and DHEA-S were not significantly different between the MZ and DZ groups of twins. The heritability index for variability of the plasma content of steroids was 45.4% (p .05) for CBG. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, and heritability estimates were corrected for factors including age, smoking, drinking, exercise, and degree of obesity. These factors did not account for the variation in hormone values in twin pairs. Factor analysis of the three quantitative measurements, cortisol, percent free cortisol, and DHEA-S, provides no evidence for shared factors. The correlation coefficients between age and CBG and total and unbound plasma cortisol concentrations were insignificant. The correlation coefficient between total plasma cortisol levels and CBG was 0.57, which indicates that CBG accounts for 32% of the variation of plasma cortisol concentrations. The results suggest that genetic factors have a decided influence on the variation of the concentration of cortisol of DHEA-S in normal adult men.
Diagnostic Comparison of Tropospheric Blocking Events with and without Sudden Stratospheric Warming

AbstractTropospheric blocking events over the Northern Hemisphere during 1980–2012 were composited and contrasted according to whether they coincided in time with a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW). Those that coincided with an SSW were associated with significantly greater poleward eddy heat fluxes in the upper troposphere near the block onset time than were those blocking events not coinciding with an SSW. Furthermore, the heat fluxes in the SSW–blocking composites were concentrated inside the stratospheric polar vortex (i.e., within an area enclosed by the outer edge of an objectively defined polar vortex). Thermally forced stratospheric geopotential height rises were also significantly larger near block onset time inside the stratospheric polar vortex in the SSW–blocking composites than in the non-SSW–blocking cases. Although all the SSW events during the investigated period coincided with tropospheric blocking, the reverse was not true since there were many more blocking events than SSWs. Therefore...
Optical techniques for measuring the shock Hugoniot using ballistic projectile and high-explosive shock initiation

The shock Hugoniot is a fundamental relationship between pressure, volume, and energy for a given medium. Accurate knowledge of the Hugoniot for a material is critical in order to determine its response to shock waves and high-velocity impacts. Traditionally, the shock Hugoniot is measured on a point-bypoint basis by a series of high-velocity impact experiments. Observations are typically confined to pointwise pressure or velocity measurements at the free-surfaces of the sample. In this work, shock waves are initiated in transparent polyurethane and semi-opaque polyurea samples using exploding bridgewires, aluminum ballistic projectiles, and gram-scale explosive charges. Shock waves and material motion are observed optically by shadowgraphy using a high-speed-digital camera recording at up to 10 6 frames/s. Ballistic impact, producing a constant-strength shock wave, is combined with these optical techniques to obtain a single shock Hugoniot point per test. A gram-scale explosive charge produces a shock wave in the material sample that is initially strong, but attenuates to near the bulk sound speed as it transits the polymer sample. With optical access to the entire sample, multiple shock and particle velocity combinations may be observed in a single test, allowing the measurement of a shock Hugoniot curve in fewer experiments than by traditional methods. These techniques produce data in general agreement with an extrapolation of published Hugoniot data for polyurethane and polyurea.