cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Professional Identity Formation: Working Backwards to Move the Profession Forward

This article seeks to identify the core values necessary for future legal professionals. The discussion includes the need to ensure legal education incorporates appropriate learning objectives that fosters the development of these values. As “digital natives”, students of the millennial generation possess a unique set of skills but may require opportunities in legal education to address a deficit in social skills required to be successful attorneys. Millennials may offer hope for the future based on their sense of community and ideals for success. Legal educators should work to encourage behavior we want to ultimately see in future lawyers, to address the needs of our current student body and to cultivate core values in future professionals.
A complementary method to CD4 counting: measurement of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio in a tandem affinity microfluidic system

We describe a tandem affinity microfluidic separation that measures the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes from blood samples. It is performed by injecting 2 μL of lysed blood samples at 1800-2700 cells μL(-1) into a microfluidic device containing two serially linked affinity regions, followed with a stop flow incubation that captures CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes on the corresponding affinity regions. Fluorophore conjugated antibodies are then injected at a controlled shear stress of 1.7 dyn cm(-2) to label target cells while eluting non-specific cells; and at last the CD4/CD8 ratio is calculated after the cell enumeration. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes achieved by our tandem affinity microfluidic system was in close agreement with that performed using conventional flow cytometry (R (2) = 0.97) over a wide range (0.4-2.5) that covered the reference values from immune deficient patients to healthy people. This approach may represent an inexpensive and powerful tool in diagnosis of immunodeficiency disorders including HIV or mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Bending of Responsive Hydrogel Sheets Guided by Field‐Assembled Microparticle Endoskeleton Structures

Hydrogel composites that respond to stimuli can form the basis of new classes of biomimetic actuators and soft robotic components. Common latex microspheres can be assembled and patterned by AC electric fields within a soft thermoresponsive hydrogel. The field-oriented particle chains act as endoskeletal structures, which guide the macroscopic bending pattern of the actuators.
Near-Infrared Light Trapping in Disordered Inverse Opals

We show that the optical properties of CdSe inverse opal films prepared from electrodeposition within the pore space of self-assembled polystyrene bead colloidal crystal templates are highly dependent upon both the pore size (300, 400, or 500 nm) and the degree of disorder within the film. These features cause a significant amount of infrared light (from 800–1300 nm) to undergo multiple scattering events and become trapped within the film. The disordered 500 nm pore size inverse opal is shown to effect the greatest near-infrared light scattering, which increases the path length of light by a factor of ∼10, approaching the theoretical limit. Light trapping over a wide portion of the near-infrared region, driven by both the randomly disordered pore structure and the high refractive index contrast present in the CdSe inverse opal architecture, was demonstrated for the first time and can potentially be used to manipulate the absorption and emission properties in a range of optoelectronic materials.
Insect-Resistant Food Pouches Made from Laminates Treated with Synergized Pyrethrins

Heat-sealed pouches of glassine paper that was laminated with adhesive + synergized pyrethrins to aluminum foil and either polyethylene or an ionomer were filled with cocoa mix or dry soup mix. The pouches were then exposed to large populations of Lasioderma serricorne (F.), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), Cryptolestes pusillus (Schonherr), Trogoderma glabrum (Herbst), and T. variabile Ballion. During 12 months exposure to these penetrating and invading insects, treated pouches provided good protection from infestation while some control and commercial pouches were penetrated in one month. No contamination of the mixes by the synergist, piperonyl butoxide was detected during the 12 months.
Bad Mom(my) Litany: Spanking Cultural Myths of Middle-Class Motherhood

Through personal narrative, the author shows the experience of new motherhood by juxtaposing a social science relationship researcher role with middle-class cultural expectations of mothers. Autoet...
Urban- Rural Disparities in Private Tutoring of Lower-Secondary Students

Faced with enormous pressure to do well in school,students and their parents have chosen private tutoring.Private tutoring is widespread in China.Decisions regarding participation in private tutoring are influenced by a number of factors,including location,family backgrounds,and school conditions.This paper presents a study of private-tutoring participation in lower-secondary education,with a particular focus on disparities between students from urban versus rural backgrounds.The analysis is based on information on lower-secondary students in the provincial capital and a selected county in three provinces in China.
Analyzing Practice Processes and Challenges Countermeasures on Computer Audit

The paper indicates the current challenges faced by the development of computer audit,by analyzing the meaning and practice processes of computer audit;also it proposes countermeasures to deepen computer audit.
A compact and stable hydraulic micromanipulator patterned after a Huxley-style approach.

I describe a remote-controlled micromanipulator platform that is stable, durable, precise, and easy to construct. Small metallic bellows are used for hydraulic control, where all fluid connections are made by standard 1/16-in. high-performance liquid chromatography fittings. Inspired by the parallelogram suspension utilized in the larger Huxley-style micromanipulator (A. F. Huxley. J. Physiol. Lond. 157: 6-5P, 1961), the device is a compact cradle suspension of folded lever arms that creates vertical motions which have minimal cross-coupled horizontal error. A simple arrangement for securing the bellows in the remote controller counteracts the vertical cross-coupling error that arises in the parallelogram suspension so that the position of the microtool more faithfully corresponds to the micrometer settings. Being compact, the micromanipulator can be mounted on a microscope stage to eliminate the microscope9s resonance as a source of vibration. This feature also reduces the cantilevering of the microtool that 1) is a source of parasitic vibrations and 2) limits the load bearing in larger devices which can only be placed alongside the microscope. The device has a good dynamic response, and one design suits both right- and left-handed use.
Differences Between Positively and Negatively Supercoiled DNA that Topoisomerases May Distinguish

In all living cells, DNA is homeostatically underwound relative to its lowest energy conformation, resulting in egative supercoiling. This underwinding of DNA is critical to the metabolism of DNA and, thus, is vital to cell survival. Enzymes called topoisomerases regulate and maintain the supercoiled state of DNA and are critical to the successful replication of the genome. These enzymes are major targets for drugs used in the treatment of bacterial infections and cancer. One puzzling phenomenon of the topoisomerase mechanism is how these enzymes, orders of magnitude smaller than their substrate, can search, recognize and act at a local level to affect global DNA topology. While the homeostatic state of DNA supercoiling in cells is negative, both positive and negative supercoils exist transiently. Because of the right-handed nature of the DNA helix, the positive and negative supercoils are not equivalent. Several computational and theoretical models have been developed in an effort to describe the features of both positively and negatively supercoiled DNA. These models have accurately predicted some of the phenomena observed in vivo. However, the over-simplifying assumptions cannot account for the different biological activities of positively and negatively supercoiled DNA. This review will discuss the models in place and the mathematical and energetic properties of this elegant molecule and the “machines that push it around.”
Tissue-specific roles for sonic hedgehog signaling in establishing thymus and parathyroid organ fate

The thymus and parathyroids develop from third pharyngeal pouch (3rd pp) endoderm. Our previous studies show that Shh null mice have smaller, aparathyroid primordia in which thymus fate specification extends into the pharynx. SHH signaling is active in both dorsal pouch endoderm and neighboring neural crest (NC) mesenchyme. It is unclear which target tissue of SHH signaling is required for the patterning defects in Shh mutants. Here, we used a genetic approach to ectopically activate or delete the SHH signal transducer Smo in either pp endoderm or NC mesenchyme. Although no manipulation recapitulated the Shh null phenotype, manipulation of SHH signaling in either the endoderm or NC mesenchyme had direct and indirect effects on both cell types during fate specification and organogenesis. SHH pathway activation throughout pouch endoderm activated ectopic Tbx1 expression and partially suppressed the thymus-specific transcription factor Foxn1, identifying Tbx1 as a key target of SHH signaling in the 3rd pp. However, ectopic SHH signaling was insufficient to expand the GCM2-positive parathyroid domain, indicating that multiple inputs, some of which might be independent of SHH signaling, are required for parathyroid fate specification. These data support a model in which SHH signaling plays both positive and negative roles in patterning and organogenesis of the thymus and parathyroids.
Adventures in Feminist Health Psychology: Teaching about and Conducting Feminist Psychological Science

Feminist psychology and health psychology both coalesced into organized fields of scientific study and clinical practice in the 1970s. However, there has been relatively little integration of the two fields. In this chapter, the authors consider why it can be difficult to conduct feminist research in health psychology and teach health psychology from a feminist perspective. Reasons include changing perspectives on “feminists” and “feminism” and differences in philosophical approaches (e.g., medicalization, research methods) that can be difficult to reconcile. The authors also discuss strategies they have employed in their careers as feminist psychologists with strong interests in health psychology.
The effect of market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation and human capital on positional advantage: Evidence from the restaurant industry

• We adopt resource based theory and examine the conceptual gap that addresses ‘how’ organizational resources affect performance.
INTERSTATE RELOCATION OF MANUFACTURERS AND BUSINESS CLIMATE

In this study, we model how traditional factors associated with a supply-side view of business climate, at times identified with neo-liberalism, influence interstate relocation patterns of manufacturers using a panel (2000–2011) of the 48 contiguous American states. We find that very few manufacturing firms relocate across state lines in any given year and those that do relocate are relatively small businesses and are most likely to move to neighboring states. Traditional factors associated with business climate, such as taxation, appear to influence manufacturing interstate relocation. Further analysis shows that the tax policy changes necessary for an economically significant effect on relocation are likely infeasible.
Aortic Stenosis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Therapy

The incidence of aortic stenosis increases with age, affecting up to 10% of the population by the eighth decade. Once symptoms develop, aortic stenosis is rapidly fatal. Proper management requires an understanding of the physiology and criteria used to define disease severity. There is no effective pharmacologic treatment. Surgical aortic valve replacement has been the gold standard treatment for decades. However, over the last 10 years transcatheter aortic valve replacement has emerged as an attractive, less-invasive option for appropriately selected patients. Refinements in valve design and delivery systems have led to widespread use of this breakthrough technology in selected patients. We review the pathophysiology, criteria for valve replacement, and the results of the trials comparing transcatheter aortic valve replacement with surgical aortic valve replacement.
Talking back: the podocytes and endothelial cells duke it out.

Thrombotic microangiopathy has numerous causes and may result in chronic kidney disease with secondary glomerulosclerosis. Detailed analyses of this interplay of lesions have been lacking. Buob et al. report on their adult, mostly Caucasian patients, showing frequent sclerosis, most often of collapsing type, with worse prognosis than in those without segmental scars. The complex interplay of glomerular cells and possible ways in which the endothelial cells may talk back to the podocytes, and vice versa, are discussed.
The Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Health Insurance Coverage for Asian Americans.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Effect of the Affordable Care Act on Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Insurance Coverage" by T.C. Buchmueller, Z.M. Levinson, H.G. Levy, and B.L. Wolfe which appears in a 2016 issue of the journal.
Suppressing breakers with polar oil films: Using an epic sea rescue to model wave energy budgets

Oil has been used to still stormy seas for centuries, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we examine the processes by using quantitative information from a remarkable 1883 sea rescue where oil was used to reduce large breakers during a storm. Modeling of the oil film's extent and waves under the film suggests that large breakers were suppressed by a reduction of wind energy input. Modification of surface roughness by the film is hypothesized to alter the wind profile above the sea and the energy flow. The results are central to understanding air-sea momentum exchange, including its role in such processes as cyclone growth and storm surge, although they address only one aspect of the complex problem of wind interaction with the ocean surface.
K562/GM-CSF Immunotherapy as a “Booster” Vaccine In Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Abstract Abstract 4347 Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a disease that is responsive to T-cell-mediated immunity. K562/granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a vaccine derived from a CML cell line that produces GM-CSF and expresses several CML-associated antigens. An initial pilot study was performed in 19 patients in chronic phase CML who had achieved at least a major cytogenetic response on imatinib mesylate (IM) but had measurable molecular disease. The results suggested that immunotherapy resulted in a lowering tumor burden in the majority of patients (n = 13) with a total of 7 patients achieving undetectable bcr-abl levels by QT-PCR. (Smith, Clinical Cancer Research, 2010). This extension study evaluated the biologic impact of K562/GM-CSF given as a “booster” in subjects who completed the pilot study's scheduled 4 vaccinations and continued to have have persistent measurable disease or who lost their best response to the original therapy. Methods: This is a single-institution pilot study using open-label K562/GM-CSF vaccination as a “booster” in chronic phase CML patients who were previously treated with a full 4-vaccination course of therapy and continued to have measurable CML disease. Patients were stratified as having either responded to the initial set of vaccines and had subsequent loss of response or as having had no measurable response to therapy. None experienced significant adverse events in the first set of vaccinations. “Booster” treatment consisted of 4 doses of 1 × 108 irradiated K562/GM-CSF given every 3 weeks. Imatinib was continued through the study at the patients' starting doses. Disease burden was measured using peripheral blood RT-PCR and FISH was every 3 months throughout the course of planned booster vaccinations for up to a year following the vaccination boost. Patients with evidence of advancing disease requiring adjustments to their IM dosing or those progressing to accelerated or blast phase were taken off study. Results: 11 patients met the eligibility to receive the booster vaccinations. Mean age was 54 (range 38–78) years. Median dose of IM therapy was 600 mg daily (range 400–800 mg). The median time from final vaccination in the pilot study to first booster vaccination was 24 (range 18–24) months. Duration of follow up was a median of 36 months (range 6–42 months). In general, the trend for lower disease burden following booster vaccines was significant by Generalize Estimating Equation using all study measures (p pre-vaccination samples. Of these, 15 antigens were recognized in 2 or more subjects. The influence of the vaccine boost series on antibody titer and on the induction of antibodies to antigens not previously recognized is under study. K562/GM-CSF immunotherapy given as a “booster” vaccination was associated with the lowering tumor burdens in 7 of 11 treated patients. Ongoing efforts to identify tumor-associated antigens that may be serving as immunologic targets is ongoing. Disclosures: Levitsky: HL vaccine: Patents & Royalties.
Bayesian estimation of acoustic emissions source in plate structures using particle‐based stochastic filtering

Summary The application of particle-based stochastic filters to acoustic emission source localization in plate structures is presented. The approach employs time-of-flight measurements of guided waves using triangulation to estimate the acoustic emission source coordinates in a probabilistic framework using Bayesian inference, incorporating uncertainties related to material properties, measurement noise, and geometry of the system of interest. The estimate of the source location is given by a probability density function conditional on the guided wave measurements, found using particle-based stochastic simulation algorithms; in this setting, a set of particles is used to explore the space of possible source locations and efficiently estimate the posterior. The use of 2 filters is explored: the ensemble Kalman filter and the particle filter. The former filter assumes that the posterior distribution can be approximated by a Gaussian distribution, although the latter provides a nonparametric estimate of the posterior in the form of a weighted set of samples, overcoming the challenges related to the evaluation of high-dimensional integrals in an efficient way. Results of an experimental validation study conducted in a laboratory environment demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the particle filter-based approach. In particular, it is shown that the proposed particle filter-based approach has the capability to locate the emission source under minimal instrumentation, providing confidence intervals as a quantitative measure of the uncertainty in the estimates.
Flat structures and complex structures in teichmuller theory

We consider canonical invariants of flat surfaces and complex structures, including the combinatorics of Delaunay triangulations and boundary strata of the Siegel half-plane. These objects have been previously considered by various other authors; we provide fresh perspectives on how they arise naturally, develop some new results on their geometric structure, and give explicit examples of applications. We also study an important infinite family of flat surfaces, and extend this family by adding a surface of infinite genus, the study of whose affine structure leads to interesting new examples of dynamical and geometric behavior.
Changes in the water, protein, and glutathione contents of the lens in the course of galactose cataract development in rats.

Four-week-old female rats fed a diet of ground chow diluted equally with galactose develop equatorial vacuoles in their lenses in 2 days and nuclear opacities in 12 to 14 days. By measurement of lens density, excessive hydration is detected by 12 hours after the diet is started. The glutathione level is significantly decreased after another 12 hours. The total protein content remains constant until nuclear cataracts appear, and then decreases to half. At this time the absolute water content, ichich had increased nearly threefold, also decreases but to a lesser extent; the cataract is thus highly hydrated. By the time vacuolization is only slightly advanced (3 days), nine tenths of the original glutathione has disappeared. The remainder persists through the subsequent stages of cataract development and probably resides in the proliferating epithelium and new lens fibers. The loss of glutathione is of unknown cause, may initially be a highly localized phenomenon, and is possibly related to previously reported changes in properties of lens proteins. Since osmotic vacuolization does not appear to be the immediate cause of nuclear opacification and subsequent membrane destruction, such protein changes may be of considerable importance.
The Influence of Laser Transformation Hardening on Fatigue Crack Initiation of 40Cr Steel

The highly-stress concentration area, such as notch root, has been laser treated and the effect on fatigue crack initiation life has been investigated. Results show that laser transformation hardening technique is effective to increase the fatigue crack initiation resistance. At a 0. 05 level of significance, fatigue crack initiation life of laser treated specimens were enhanced by a factor of 4–9.
Online patient resources for deceased donor and live donor kidney recipients: a comparative analysis of readability.

Background The Internet has extensive resources for kidney transplantation recipients. Half of the population reads below a seventh-grade level. Previous studies showed that living donor recipients have higher health literacy rates compared with deceased donor recipients. There has been no study comparing the readability of online living donor recipient materials versus deceased donor recipient materials. Methods Analysis was performed using eight readability scales on the top 10 websites for live donor and deceased donor kidney transplantation. Analysis was performed through the Readability Studio Software. USA reading grade level was determined for each site. Results Overall, the mean reading level for the living donor materials was 12.54 (range 9.2-17) and for the deceased donor materials, 12.87 (range 8.7-17, P = 0.73), corresponding to a university level. None of the sites met the seventh-grade level recommended by the National Institute of Health. Conclusions The readability of online materials remains too high for the corresponding health literacy rates among patients requiring kidney transplantation. Specifically, the lower health literacy rates among deceased donor recipients does not mirror the readability of online materials provided at a university level. This may affect decision-making, contributing to a smaller proportion of patients of a lower socioeconomic status and those with poor English language skills pursuing live donor organs.
The Assault on Pharmaceutical Intellectual Property

Intellectual property rights drive innovation in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries.' The value of these rights is under attack on two fronts. First, regulations and statutes increasingly restrict patent and trade secret protections and make it more difficult to enforce those that remain. Second, federal and state governments increasingly rely on price controls and other restrictions that interfere with market mechanisms during the period of exclusivity. Taken together, these developments threaten the large investments in research and development that support continued innovation. This Essay reviews the importance of intellectual property rights for the pharmaceutical industry's research and development activities and provides examples of restrictions on these rights and on the pharmaceutical market.'
Sex Differences in Clinical Pain: A Multisample Study

A recent meta-analysis of the experimental pain literature revealed effect sizes of .55 for pain threshold and .57 for pain tolerance, indicating a moderate difference in pain perception between men and women, with women reporting an increased sensitivity to pain. The current study investigated the relationship between sex and clinical pain ratings, in patients seeking care at a tertiary care facility. Five samples of chronic pain patients were recruited from several diverse clinics associated with the University of Florida. Analyses of clinical pain ratings revealed similar effect sizes for all samples, ranging from −.07 to −.25, indicating small differences, with women reporting higher levels of clinical pain. This is the first paper to report effect sizes for differences in report of pain in samples of chronic pain patients presenting for treatment at a tertiary care facility.
Neural control of parental behaviors

Parenting is a multicomponent social behavior that is essential for the survival of offspring in many species. Despite extensive characterization of individual brain areas involved in parental care, we do not fully understand how discrete aspects of this behavior are orchestrated at the neural circuit level. Recent progress in identifying genetically specified neuronal populations critical for parenting, and the use of genetic and viral tools for circuit-cracking now allow us to deconstruct the underlying circuitry and, thus, to elucidate how different aspects of parental care are controlled. Here we review the latest advances, outline possible organizational principles of parental circuits and discuss future challenges.
New DMSP database of precipitating auroral electrons and ions

Since the mid 1970's, the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft have operated instruments for monitoring the space environment from low earth orbit. As the program evolved, so to have the measurement capabilities such that modern DMSP spacecraft include a comprehensive suite of instruments providing estimates of precipitating electron and ion fluxes, cold/bulk plasma composition and moments, the geomagnetic field, and optical emissions in the far and extreme ultraviolet. We describe the creation of a new public database of precipitating electrons and ions from the Special Sensor J (SSJ) instrument, complete with original counts, calibrated differential fluxes adjusted for penetrating radiation, estimates of the total kinetic energy flux and characteristic energy, uncertainty estimates, and accurate ephemerides. These are provided in a common and self-describing format that covers 30+ years of DMSP spacecraft from F06 (launched in 1982) through F18 (launched in 2009). This new database is accessible at the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) and the Coordinated Data Analysis Web (CDAWeb). We describe how the new database is being applied to high latitude studies of: the co-location of kinetic and electromagnetic energy inputs, ionospheric conductivity variability, field aligned currents and auroral boundary identification. We anticipate that this new database will support a broad range of space science endeavors from single observatory studies to coordinated system science investigations.
Invivo detection of a three iron cluster in fumarate reductase from Escherichiacoli

Abstract Escherichia coli with plasmid amplified expression of fumarate reductase was grown anaerobically on a medium containing fumarate and glycerol and investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Anaerobically harvested cells exhibit an EPR signal characteristic of a reduced [2Fe-2S] cluster. Anaerobic addition of fumarate results in diminution of the reduced [2Fe-2S] signal and the appearance of the EPR signal associated with the oxidized 3Fe cluster. The results provide the first evidence for a trinuclear iron-sulfur cluster that exists in vivo , and suggest that the 3Fe cluster in purified fumarate reductase samples is not an artifact of the isolation procedure. The significance of this observation is discussed in relation to the physiological relevence of trinuclear iron-sulfur clusters.
Introduction to papers on chaos in nonquadratic dynamics: rational functions devised from doubling formulas

THE PATH OF SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION AND DISCOVERY is not necessarily logical, as history never tires of reminding both laymen and scientists. From many viewpoints, the complex quadratic map, reducible to either z→z2 + c, z → λ(z2-2), or z → λz(1-z), is the simplest of all nonlinear maps. Its global action was therefore the first to be studied carefully, in Fatou 1906. Later, the 1960s and 1970s brought many studies of the restriction of z2-μ to the real quadratic map x 2-μ, and everyone became well aware that the dependence of this real map’s orbits on the parameter μ involves exquisite complications. It has its Myrberg sequence of bifurcations, its May tree, and its Feigenbaum number. Shortly thereafter, my papers reproduced in Part I made the complex quadratic map widely popular.
Finding Opinionated Blogs Using Statistical Classifiers and Lexical Features

This paper systematically exploited various lexical features for opinion analysis on blog data using a statistical learning framework. Our experimental results using the TREC Blog track data show that all the features we explored effectively represent opinion expressions, and different classification strategies have a significant impact on opinion classification performance. We also present results when combining opinion analysis with the retrieval component for the task of retrieving relevant and opinionated blogs. Compared with the best results in the TREC evaluation, our system achieves reasonable performance, but does not rely on much human knowledge or deep level linguistic analysis.
Hells Angels Motorcycle Club and the One Percenters

The progression of the outlaw label and its application to a minute population of motorcycle riders known as one percenters (1 %ers) is ultimately a narrative of the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club. One charismatic biker leader, Ralph “Sonny” Barger is credited with consolidating the California Hells Angels chapters into the largest and most crime ridden Outlaw Motorcycle Gang in the world.
The Actin Cytoskeleton in the Apical Domain of Epithelial Cells

Publisher Summary This chapter describes how the actin cytoskeleton effects transport functions at the apical membrane of epithelial cells and contributes to specific disease states. Within epithelial cells, actin filaments are distributed predominantly at the plasma membrane and are highest in concentration at the apical membrane domain. The past decade has seen the discovery of how the fundamental properties of the actin cytoskeleton are harnessed by cells to regulate cellular functions. The chapter briefly highlights poignant molecular and biochemical features of actin and its associated proteins and reviews the structural organization of the actin cytoskeleton in the apical domain of epithelial cells. The chapter also describes five distinct roles played by the actin cytoskeleton in moderating transport activities at the apical membrane. The chapter also highlights the pivotal role played by the actin cytoskeleton in the molecular pathophysiology of specific epithelial disease states.
Treatment Methods Commonly Used in Conjunction with Functional Assessment

Treatments designed to address the function of behavior have become a hallmark of behavior analysis. To identify environmental variables maintaining problem behavior, a functional analysis is typically conducted prior to developing treatment. This process allows the clinician or researcher to understand why the problem behavior occurs such that the treatment can be tailored to address those variables (e.g., by rearranging reinforcement contingencies or addressing the motivating operation).
Reconstruction of foreskin in distal hypospadias repair.

In the period between 1980 and 1985 101 one-stage repairs for distal hypospadias were carried out. Fifty-five patients were operated on using the Magpi technique as originally described by Duckett (1981). The hypospadias of the remaining 46 patients were corrected using a modification of this technique incorporating reconstruction of the foreskin.
Abstract 2566: A TCL1-specific T-cell receptor redirects T cells against B-cell lymphomas and non-hematological tumors

T-cell leukemia/lymphoma Antigen1 (TCL1) is a B-cell oncoprotein that is overexpressed in multiple forms of B-cell lymphoma. In our previous study, we identified a HLA*A0201-restricted T cell epitope from TCL1 that stimulated CD8+ T cells to specifically lyse lymphoma cells. In this study, we have cloned the TCL170-79 peptide-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) gene that after lentivirus transduction into donor T cells can redirect the specificity of T cells to lyse T2 cells pulsed with TCL170-79 but not control peptide. The TCR-transduced CD8+ T cells efficiently lysed HLA-0201+, TCL1-expressing human lymphoma cell lines and primary lymphoma cells, but not normal B cells. Adoptive transfer of TCR-transduced T cells into a mantle cell lymphoma xenograft mouse model inhibited the tumor growth and significantly extended the survival of mice. In addition, we found that TCL1 is expressed in multiple solid tumors. The TCR-transduced T cells lysed colon and liver tumor cells but not normal human cells in vitro as well as in a mouse xenograft model. Collectively, our data demonstrate that TCL1-specific TCR-based immunotherapy is highly effective against human B-cell lymphomas and non-hematological tumors. Citation Format: Jinsheng Weng, Kelsey E. Moriarty, Yong Pan, Flavio Egidio Baio, Hua Wang, Hiroki Torikai, Sourindra N. Maiti, Fuliang Chu, Xiaoyun Cheng, Swathi Karri, Deepshika Medapalli, Laurence J. N. Cooper, Sattva S. Neelapu. A TCL1-specific T-cell receptor redirects T cells against B-cell lymphomas and non-hematological tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2566.
Observations from a Post-MI Clinic; Does Prevalence of Specific Genetic Polymorphisms in CYP2D6 Influence Adoption of B-Blockers at Clinical Trial Dose Post Myocardial Infarction?

β‐Blockers are first‐line therapy for treatment of heart failure, and for prevention of decline in LV systolic function in post-MI patients. Considerable variability exists in efficacy & tolerability of β‐blockers in HF patients, which may be associated with the genotype of drug-metabolizing enzymes and/or drug targets. Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is a member of the CYP450 mixed-function oxidase system, which constitutes many important phase I drug metabolizing enzymes and contributes to the metabolism of up to 25% of clinically used drugs. Most genetic polymorphisms to the CYP2D6 gene result in either absent or decreased function of the enzyme activity. Four metabolizer phenotypes are typically used to characterize drug metabolism via CYP2D6: ultra-rapid metabolizer (UM); extensive metabolizer (EM); intermediate metabolizer (IM); and poor metabolizer (PM) phenotypes. Of the 3 β-blockers used for LV systolic dysfunction, CYP2D6 is the predominant metabolizing enzyme of both carvedilol and metoprolol; In contrast, Bisoprolol has a relatively constant β-adrenergic inhibition independent of CYP2D6 genotype. Aims Determine the prevalence of specific genetic CYP2D6 polymorphisms in patients admitted for Acute Coronary Syndromes with systolic dysfunction, and correlate with dose/tolerability or uptitration of metoprolol or carvedilol (BB) treatment. Methods Patients admitted with NSTEMI, ACS or ADHF, with elevated biomarkers had LVEF assessed during index admission. From 10/16/2013 to 07/17/2017, we followed 304 patients admitted for ACS with LVSD in a dedicated ‘post-MI Clinic’ having demonstrated echocardiographic evidence of reduced LVEF ( Results Beta blocker dosage was divided into high (CTD, >150mg daily Metoprolol; >50mg daily Carvedilol; >5mg daily Bisoprolol) or low dose. Within the ultra-rapid / extensive metabolizer (UM/EM) group, 78 patients (41%) were taking high dose BB at 1st visit (35), or successfully uptitrated (43) to high dose in clinic, compared to 9.5% of the (115) patients expressing intermediate metabolizer and poor metabolizer (IM/PM) phenotypes. Within the UM/EM group 36 patients (19%) presented to initial visit on CTD Bisoprolol, with a further 44 (23%) successfully transitioned from low dose BB to CTD Bisoprolol (compared to 12%, and 43%, respectively within the IM/PM group). Conclusion CYP2D6 polymorphisms in patients admitted with ACS and LV systolic dysfunction correlated with tolerability / uptitration of metoprolol and carvedilol, and may be of clinical use in prospectively determining β‐Blocker choice.
Differential Effects of the Antioxidants N-Acetylcysteine and Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis.

Introduction Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis is associated with increases in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may result in oxidative stress that is detrimental to cartilage regeneration. This study evaluated the ability of the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) to reduce intracellular ROS, and their effect on MSC chondrogenesis and maturation of cartilage-like extracellular matrix.
Positive Peace and the Methodology of Costing Peacebuilding Needs: The Case of Burundi

Studies on conflict and social justice issues are increasingly focusing on positive peace instead of violence itself. Accordingly, a key challenge facing the international community in promoting po...
Passive acoustic damage detection of structural cavities using flow-induced acoustic excitations:

Cavities with different geometries represent the internal volumes of various engineering applications such as cabins of passenger cars, fuselages and wings of aircraft, and internal compartments of...
Pathologic discordance in sarcomas: Prospective comparison of external and sarcoma center pathologic diagnosis.

11020Background: With more than 80 different histologic subtypes, sarcomas are a unique pathologic challenge. As therapeutic decisions have become histology-specific, obtaining an accurate patholog...
An Interactive Data Quality Test Approach for Constraint Discovery and Fault Detection

Data quality tests validate heterogeneous data to detect violations of syntactic and semantic constraints. The specification of these constraints can be incomplete because domain experts typically specify them in an ad hoc manner. Existing automated test approaches can generate false alarms and do not explain the constraint violations while reporting faulty data records. In previous work, we proposed ADQuaTe, which is an automated data quality test approach that uses an unsupervised deep learning techni que (1) to discover constraints from big datasets that may have been missed by experts, and (2) to label as suspicious those records that violate the constraints. These records are grouped and explanations for constraint violations are presented to domain experts who determine whether or not the groups are actually faulty. This paper presents ADQuaTe2, which extends ADQuaTe to use an interactive learning technique that incorporates expert feedback to retrain the learning model and improve the accuracy of constraint discovery and fault detection. We evaluate the effectiveness of the approach on real-world datasets from a health data warehouse and a plant diagnosis database. We also use datasets with known faults from the UCI repository to evaluate the improvement in the accuracy of the approach after incorporating ground truth knowledge.
CCM signaling complex (CSC) coupling both classic and non-classic progesterone receptor signaling

Excessive progesterone (PRG) may increase breast cancer risk under hormone therapy during postmenopause or hormonal contraception. As a sex steroid hormone, PRG exerts its cellular responses through signaling cascades involving classic (genomic), non-classic (non-genomic), or both combined responses by binding to either classic nuclear PRG receptors or non-classic membrane PRG receptors. Currently, the intricate balance and switch mechanisms between these two signaling cascades remain elusive. Three genes, KRIT1 (CCM1), MGC4607 (CCM2), and PDCD10 (CCM3), have been demonstrated to form a CCM signaling complex (CSC). In this report, we discover that the CSC plays an essential role in coupling both classic and non-classic PRG signaling pathways by mediating crosstalk between them. The coupled signaling pathways were detailed through high throughput omics.
Preparing the Next Generation of Anatomists Through Training Programs and Professional Development

Gross anatomy, often considered the cornerstone of medicine, lays the necessary foundation upon which students in the health professions can develop and hone their specialties. Fundamentally, training up a supply of high-caliber gross anatomy educators is imperative to provide quality instruction to a wide variety of future clinicians. Since the turn of the twenty-first century, there has been a shortage of gross anatomy educators. To address the dearth of qualified anatomists, a variety of formal training programs and professional development opportunities have been developed, each targeting one of three academic training levels including graduate education, postdoctoral training, and continuing education for practicing professionals. Key features of anatomy education training programs include a focused mission, unique programmatic features, and financial sustainability. When planning new programs, it is useful to conduct a needs assessment, develop a sound business plan, engage with communications and marketing staff, and capitalize on available resources.
The Healthy Environment Project: Promoting sustainable change in early childhood education settings:

Objective:The Healthy Environment Project (HEP) was designed to improve familiarity with attitudes, confidence and knowledge related to health-promoting best practices, as well as the implementatio...
Genetic Information, Non-Discrimination, and Privacy Protections in Genetic Counseling Practice

The passage of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) was hailed as a pivotal achievement that was expected to calm the fears of both patients and research participants about the potential misuse of genetic information. However, 6 years later, patient and provider awareness of legal protections at both the federal and state level remains discouragingly low, thereby, limiting their potential effectiveness. The increasing demand for genetic testing will expand the number of individuals and families who could benefit from obtaining accurate information about the privacy and anti-discriminatory protections that GINA and other laws extend. In this paper, we describe legal protections that are applicable to individuals seeking genetic counseling, review the literature on patient and provider fears of genetic discrimination and examine their awareness and understandings of existing laws, and summarize how genetic counselors currently discuss genetic discrimination. We then present three genetic counseling cases to illustrate issues of genetic discrimination and provide relevant information on applicable legal protections. Genetic counselors have an unprecedented opportunity, as well as the professional responsibility, to disseminate accurate knowledge about existing legal protections to their patients. They can strengthen their effectiveness in this role by achieving a greater knowledge of current protections including being able to identify specific steps that can help protect genetic information.
Computational observation of the strengthening of Cu/TiN metal/ceramic interfaces by sub-nanometer interlayers and dopants

Abstract First principles density functional theory calculations were used to explore the enhancement of the structural integrity of Cu/TiN metal/ceramic interfaces by substitutional doping of the interface with Ni, Zn and Sn. To evaluate the interfacial strength, energy barriers to shear displacement and maximum tensile stress before fracture were calculated. Enthalpy of mixing dictated that Sn was not energetically suitable for doping at the interface, whereas both Ni and Zn were. Ni segregated at the interface forming sub-nanometer interlayers between Cu and TiN, whereas Zn formed a solid solution with Cu. While Zn-doping increased the resistance to shear, it led to a weakening of tensile strength. Ni interlayers increased both the shear and tensile strength to a significant degree coinciding with an increase in electron density between the layers. Using analysis form their partial density of states, Ni interlayers were found to accept more electrons from interfacial Ti into their more compact 3d-orbitals than Cu, which accepted more into available 4s-orbitals. Zn doping increased resistance to shear due to its lower electronegativity than Cu, causing interfacial Zn to have a more positive charge, which also raised the barrier to shear when in close contact with positively charged interfacial Ti atoms.
Waveguide Invariant-based mitigation of reverberation and interference in active and passive sonar

Multipath propagation poses many challenges for broadband sonar signal processing in underwater acoustic channels. The waveguide invariant (WI) provides a useful relation between the temporal and frequency fading characteristics in shallow-water channels that can been exploited to improve broadband target detection in both active and passive sonars. In active sonar, the WI motivates an alternative to conventional constant-false-alarm rate (CFAR) normalization of the background by averaging over observed time-frequency striations to estimate the reverberation level. A WI-based generalized likelihood ratio test is reviewed and shown to outperform conventional cell-averaged and frequency-invariant CFAR detectors in both simulation and with real Mediterranean data. In passive towed-array sonar, targets near endfire are often masked by angularly spread broadband multipath interference whose statistics must be estimated with limited training data for effective suppression. A WI relationship characterizing the frequency-dependence of wavenumber differences permits averaging of narrowband array snapshots to form a low-rank broadband “focused” covariance matrix. Simulation experiments in a realistic ocean environment are reviewed showing that adaptive beamforming using WI focused covariance matrices can provide a significant array gain improvement over conventional adaptive methods with limited observation time. Finally, the potential for waveguide invariant-based blind source separation is discussed. [Work supported by ONR.]
Japanese apologies for World War II : a rhetorical study

1. Introduction 2. Accusation, Accusers and Audience 3. The Early Apologies: Repairing Relationships 4. The 'Comfort Women' Apologies 5. Hosokawa apologies: Politics and History 6. The Anti-Apologies: Conservative Apologia 7. Murayama's Apology: On the International Stage 8. Apology as International Discource 9. Conclusions