cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the number of edges in graphs with a given connected domination number

A dominating set for a graph G = (V, E) is a subset of vertices V' ⊆ V such that for all υ ∈ V - V' there exists some u ∈ V' adjacent to υ. The domination number of G, denoted by λ(G), is the size of its smallest dominating set. A dominating set is weakly connected if the edges not incident on any vertices of the dominating set do not separate the graph (Discrete Math. 167-168 (1997) 261). The weakly connected domination number of G is the size of its smallest weakly connected dominating set. We show in this paper that the maximum number of edges that a graph with n vertices and weakly connected domination number equal to d ≥ 3 can have is (n-d-12). We also characterize the extremal graphs attaining this bound.
Organization of raphe-cortical projections in rat: a quantitative retrograde study.

Abstract Retrograde transport of a fluorescent dye was employed to study the projections from raphe nuclei to neocortex in the rat. The spatial distributions of labeled raphe cells were analyzed quantitatively to determine whether the nuclei are topographically organized with respect to different cortical targets. The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), exclusive of the lateral wing regions, has a predominantly (3:1) ipsilateral projection with decreasing numbers of cells projecting to frontal, parietal, and occipital cortex. Overlapping cell groups within the DRN project differentially to these three conical areas: DRN cells innervating frontal cortex extend more rostrally and laterally than those to either parietal or occipital cortex. The median raphe and B9 projections are bilaterally symmetric, with equal cell numbers projecting to frontal, parietal, and occipital cortex. The rostro-caudal distributions of cells that project to disparate cortical areas differ in B9 but not in MR. The percentage of cortically projecting cells that are serotonergic is 80% for the DRN, 60% in the MR and 33% in the B9 cell group. The dorsal raphe nucleus and the B9 cell group are organized heterogeneously, and overlapping sets of neurons project differentially upon particular areas of neocortex. In contrast, the median raphe nucleus projects uniformly upon the neocortex and does not exhibit topographic organization. The three rostral raphe nuclei (DR, MR and B9) are each organized according to different rules with regard to their efferent projections to cortex. The differential organization of the raphe nuclei suggests that groups of cells within these three raphe nuclei are likely to innervate different combinations of cortical targets and thus to have different functional effects.
Cooperation in a multi-faceted reference department: Blending resources, personnel, and services of reference, instruction, interlibrary loan, and government documents

SUMMARY Cooperative reference is a valuable approach to serving patrons as well as a means of expanding one's professional knowledge. Members of the reference unit actively participate in cooperative reference for answering patrons' tougher queries, bibliographic instruction, and reference collection development. The cooperative efforts of our unit have expanded our ability to find better information faster. Cooperative reference extends to all librarians within the University Library as each librarian serves in a rotation to staff the reference desk on nights and weekends. Some of the benefits of practicing cooperative reference are the following: providing a balanced and sometimes more complete answer to a reference question; increasing the knowledge of the reference staff by sharing experiences; and increasing morale and support for the reference staff. All of this is accomplished by doing what librarians do best: sharing. Successful cooperative reference relies upon good communication within the depar...
Contacting the dead and national character.

In a sample of 11 European nations, the proportion of residents who reported experiencing contact with the dead was positively associated with Lynn and Hampson's measure of national estimates of neuroticism. Language: en
Paradoxical imaging findings in cerebral gliomas

Gliomas represent approximately one-third of all intracranial tumors in adults and commonly present clinically with seizures. We report two seizure patients with paradoxical imaging findings on preoperative grading of their cerebral gliomas. A 53-year-old man with a history of temporal lobe epilepsy originating from a mass in the right medial temporal region (patient 1) and a 44-year-old man with a history of predominantly left sided sensory seizures with a mass in the right posterior parietal region (patient 2) underwent presurgical evaluation including MRI and glucose PET, followed by surgery to remove cerebral tumors associated with seizure onset. Preoperatively, patient 1 had a homogenous non-enhancing lesion on MRI and hypometabolism on PET imaging, suggesting a low-grade tumor. Postoperative histopathology was consistent with a glioblastoma multiforme (grade IV). Patient 2 had a heterogeneous lesion with cyst formation, edema, and contrast enhancement on preoperative MRI imaging, and interictal hypermetabolism on PET scan, thus suggesting a high-grade tumor. Postoperative histopathology was consistent with an oligodendroglioma (grade II) without anaplastic features. We conclude preoperative grading of cerebral gliomas may be inaccurate occasionally even in cases with concordant structural and functional imaging findings. This should be considered when counseling patients.
Inferior glenohumeral ligament: geometric and strain-rate dependent properties.

The inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) is an important structure for maintaining shoulder stability. This study was aimed at determining the geometric and anatomic characteristics of the IGHL and its tensile properties at a higher strain rate than previously tested. Eight fresh-forzen human cadaver shoulders (average age 69 years, age range 62 to 73 years) from four female and four male cadavers were used to harvest bone-ligament-bone specimens from the three regions of the IGHL (superior band, anterior axillary pouch, and posterior axillary pouch). Uniaxial tensile tests were performed at the moderately high strain rate of approximately 10% per second with a servo-hydraulic testing machine. This represented a strain rate that was approximately 100 to 1000 times faster than that previously reported. During tensile testing, bone-ligament-bone strains were calculated from grip-to-grip motion on the testing machine, and mid-substance strains were determined by a video dimensional analyzer. Although all regions of the IGHL had similar lengths (averaging 43.4 mm), their thickness varied by region and by proximal-to-distal location. The superior band was the thickest (2.23±0.38 mm) of the three regions. Of the remaining two regions the anterior axillary pouch (1.94±0.38 mm) was thicker than the posterior axillary pouch (1.59±0.64 mm). By proximal-to-distal location the IGHL was thicker for all three regions near the glenoid (2.30±0.57 mm) than near the humerus (1.61±0.52 mm). The superior band had a greater stiffness (62.63±9.78 MPa) than either the anterior axillary pouch (47.75±17.89 MPa) or the posterior axillary pouch (39.97±13.29 MPa). Tensile stress at failure was greater in the superior band (8.4±2.2 MPa) and the anterior axillary pouch (7.8±3.1 MPa) than the posterior axillary pouch (5.9±1.7 MPa). The anterior axillary pouch demonstrated greater bone-to-bone and mid-substance strains (30.4%±4.3% and 10.8%±2.4%, respectively) before failure than the other two regions (superior band: 20.8%±3.8% and 9.1%±2.8%, respectively; posterior axillary pouch: 25.2%±5.8% and 7.8%±2.6%, respectively). Bone-to-bone strain was always greater than mid-substance strain, indicating that when the IGHL is stretched, the tissue near the insertion sites will experience much greater strain than the tissue in the mid-substance. Insertion failures were more likely at slower strain rates, and ligamentous failures were predominant at the fast strain rate. When compared with other tensile studies of the IGHL at slower strain rates (0.01% per second and 0.1% per second), the superior band and the anterior axillary pouch demonstrated the viscoelastic effects of increased stiffness and failure stress. This superior band and anterior axillary pouch viscoelastic stiffening effect suggests that these two regions may function to restrain the humeral head from rapid abnormal anterior displacement in the clinically vulnerable position of abduction and external rotation.
Temperature dependent structural studies of high Tc oxide superconductors

Abstract We report the results of a high resolution x-ray scattering study of the structure of two high T c oxides as a function of temperature. In contrast to our results on YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 , we find no evidence for a structural distortion near the superconducting transition in La 1.85 Sr .15 CuO 4 . We also find that YBa 2 Cu 2.88 Co .12 O 7 is tetragonal from 300 K to 14K (i.e. both above and below the superconducting transition) to within 5 parts in 10 4 . The significance of these results for theories of high temperature superconductivity is discussed.
Hot spot formation from shock reflections

Heterogeneities sensitize an explosive to shock initiation. This is due to hot-spot formation and the sensitivity of chemical reaction rates to temperature. Here, we describe a numerical experiment aimed at elucidating a mechanism for hot-spot formation that occurs when a shock wave passes over a high-density impurity. The simulation performed is motivated by a physical experiment in which glass beads are added to liquid nitromethane. The impedance mismatch between the beads and the nitromethane results in shock reflections. These, in turn, give rise to transverse waves along the lead shock front. Hot spots arise on local portions of the lead front with a higher shock strength, rather than on the reflected shocks behind the beads. Moreover, the interactions generated by reflected waves from neighboring beads can significantly increase the peak hot-spot temperature when the beads are suitably spaced.
A vision for SPARQL multi-query optimization on MapReduce

MapReduce has emerged as a key component of large scale data analysis in the cloud. However, it presents challenges for SPARQL query processing because of the absence of traditional join optimization machinery like statistics, indexes and techniques for translation of join-intensive workloads to efficient MapReduce workflows. Further, MapReduce is primarily a batch processing paradigm. Therefore, it is plausible that many workloads will include a batch of queries or new queries could be generated from given queries e.g. due to query rewriting of inferencing queries. Consequently, the issue of multi-query optimization deserves some focus and this paper lays out a vision for rule-based multi-query optimization based on a recently proposed data model and algebra, Nested TripleGroup Data Model and Algebra, for efficient SPARQL query processing on MapReduce.
In vivo two-photon microscopy of the hippocampus using glass plugs

Two-photon microscopy has been used in conjunction with micro-optics, such as GRIN lenses, to access subcortical structures in the intact mouse brain. In this study, we demonstrate the use of thick glass windows, or plugs, for high-resolution, large field-of-view two-photon imaging of the hippocampus in a live mouse. These plugs are less expensive, yield larger fields-of-view and are simpler to use than GRIN lenses while requiring less tissue removal compared to previous methods based on cortical ablation. To demonstrate the capabilities of our system, we show fluorescence images of dendritic spines in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in THY1-YFP transgenic mice.
Microscopic tracing of deuterium.

SUMMARY The development of the ion microprobe analyser has made it possible to follow stable isotopes with microscopic resolution in biological and other materials. An ion microprobe using an oxygen primary beam has been found to produce relatively few mass 2 ions (+ or -) on organic samples. This technique should permit the use of deuterium as a practical tracer with a resolution of about 1μm in the plane of the section and 2 nm in the depth dimension with available instruments.
Development and initial validation of a project-based rubric to assess the systems-based practice competency of residents in the clinical chemistry rotation of a pathology residency.

Context.— Systems-based practice (SBP) is 1 of 6 core competencies required in all resident training programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Reliable method...
Ultrastructural and functional analyses of nephropathy in calmodulin-induced diabetic transgenic mice.

Background Previous animal models of diabetic nephropathy have used diabetic animals for which the underlying defect was either uncertain or the diabetes was induced by potentially specific toxins. In this report, we describe the renal abnormalities in a transgenic mouse model that develops early-onset diabetes due to overexpression of calmodulin in pancreatic beta cells. Methods Renal tissues were collected from normal and transgenic mice at 112, 182, and 300 days. These were prepared for light microscopic observation, stained with polyethylenimine (for anionic sites), or rendered acellular by detergent extraction prior to observation by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis of glomerular basement membrane thickness was carried out by the "orthogonal intercept" method. Twelve-hour urine samples of fed and fasting mice were collected for urine volume and glucose and protein analyses. Blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, serum insulin, and creatinine were determined in 60-90-day-old and 255-day-old mice by established methods. Results Morphometric analyses revealed age-related and transgene-related increases in glomerular basement membrane thickness. A 22% increase in transgenic diabetics over controls was seen at 112 days of age that developed to increases of 43% and 37% at 182 and 300 days of age, respectively. Mesangial matrix area was also increased markedly in transgenic mice. Surprisingly, even in the oldest diabetic mice, there was no reduction in anionic sites. Moreover, despite an eightfold increase in urine volume, these mice did not become significantly proteinuric. Conclusions These results indicate that proteinuria of diabetes may be delayed or prevented by maintenance of a normal complement of glomerular basement membrane anionic sites. They also demonstrate that transgenic mice can provide a valuable model for discriminating between different aspects of diabetic nephropathy.
Livelihood Coping Mechanisms, Local Intelligence, and the Pattern of Violence During the Maoist Insurgency in Nepal

While fighting insurgency, both state and non-state groups depend on the local population for valuable resources such as food, intelligence, and security. By using a repertoire of subsistence coping mechanisms available to households in the context of the local political economy as an indicator of grievances and mechanisms of interactions between local households and the state and insurgents, district level data from Nepal on Maoist conflict is used to test hypotheses regarding state and insurgent violence. The analysis confirms that the state was more likely to kill people in a district where the number of households that borrowed to cope with subsistence was high. The Maoists were more likely to kill in a district with a higher number of subsistence sufficient households.
The Maser—New Type of Microwave Amplifier, Frequency Standard, and Spectrometer

A type of device is described which can be used as a microwave amplifier, spectrometer, or oscillator. Experimental results are given. When operated as a spectrometer, the device has good sensitivity, and, by eliminating the usual Doppler broadening, a resolution of 7 kc/sec has been achieved. Operated as an oscillator, the device produced a frequency stable to at least 4 parts in ${10}^{12}$ in times of the order of a second, and stable over periods of an hour or more to at least a part in ${10}^{10}$. The device is examined theoretically, and results are given for the expected sensitivity of the spectrometer, the stability and purity of the oscillation, and the noise figure of the amplifier. Under certain conditions a noise figure approaching the theoretical limit of unity, along with reasonably high gain, should be attainable.
Mutations in the AF-2 region abolish ligand-induced intranuclear immobilization of the liver X receptor α

Abstract The liver X receptors (LXR) α and β are ligand-induced transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes important for cholesterol metabolism, lipogenesis, and other metabolic pathways. Despite their high degree of similarity, LXRs have redundant as well as nonredundant functions. The regulation of LXRs' intranuclear mobility most likely plays a major role in the regulation of their transcriptional activities. In order to elucidate how ligand binding, receptor–protein and receptor–DNA interactions affect intranuclear receptor mobility, we expressed transcriptionally active yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-LXR α and YFP-LXR β in Cos-7 cells. We used the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) technique and confocal laser scanning microscopy as well as Triton X-100 permeabilization experiments and fluorescence microscopy to measure differences in the intranuclear mobility between LXR α and LXR β. The image analyses revealed that after agonist binding, LXR α exhibits slower intranuclear trafficking and greater intranuclear immobilization compared with LXR β. In addition, mutational analysis showed that the integrity of the Activation Function (AF)-2 region of LXR α is essential for its immobilization whereas the integrity of the DNA binding domain is not. These findings imply that specific protein interactions with the AF-2 region of LXR α play a role in its intranuclear immobilization.
Human identification by gait analysis

Human movement monitoring using wireless sensors has become an important area of research today. The use of wireless sensors in human identification is a relatively new idea with interesting applications in portable device security and user recognition. In this paper, we describe a real-time wireless sensor system based on inexpensive inertial sensors that uses gait analysis to uniquely identify subjects.
Reconstruction of Images from Neuromagnetic Fields

In response to specific stimuli, the human brain emits a measurable magnetic field from regions actively involved in processing the stimulus. We have implemented an iterative algorithm to reconstruct images from the neuromagnetic field. Computer simulation studies performed to develop the algorithm are reported. Experimental measurements of a human visually-evoked field and images reconstructed therefrom are also reported. The results demonstrate, for the first time, the feasibility of imaging multiple sources within the brain that produce a magnetic field.
Metabolomics and bladder cancer

Abstract Diagnosis of bladder cancer is primarily made based on clinical presentation and then by direct visualization with cystoscopy. Despite the massive investments recently made to identify urinary-based assays that are able to diagnosis urothelial carcinoma, urine cytology and cystoscopy still remain the gold standard. Recently proof of principle studies have shown that noninvasive urine-based metabolomics, using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), may be able to accurately diagnosis bladder cancer. This review discuses the published studies investigating metabolomics and bladder cancer and the future potential of this developing field.
Recovering and profiling the true segmentation structure in markets: an empirical investigation

Abstract Although a variety of approaches for inferring market segments exist, little, if any, effort has been devoted to comparing the relative validity of these approaches. This study conducts two extensive simulation experiments in a scanner data setting to empirically compare and validate alternative mixture model-based procedures for segmenting households using choice behaviors and household characteristics. Compared to existing two-stage approaches, a new method known as the joint approach produced 23–27% less error in estimates of characteristics and 30–38% less error in estimates of choice model parameters. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the joint approach, which simultaneously uses household choice and characteristic data, is shown to be superior even when one is interested in recovering only characteristic-based segments.
Mesoporous perovskite solar cells: material composition, charge-carrier dynamics, and device characteristics

We report on our investigations on charge transport and recombination in TiO2-based mesoporous solar cells using PbI2 and various perovskite compositions, including CH3NH3PbI3, CH3NH3PbI2Br, CH3NH3PbIBr2, and CH3NH3PbBr3. The mesoporous TiO2 film is about 650 nm thick. Electron microscopy measurements show that no perovskite capping layer is formed on the top surface of the TiO2 film. Intensity-modulated photocurrent/photovoltage spectroscopies show that the electron diffusion coefficient and recombination lifetime are governed by the underlying mesoporous TiO2 film and thus do not depend on the perovskite composition. However, replacing the perovskite absorber with PbI2 leads to a diffusion coefficient that is about a factor of 5 slower than that in perovskite-based devices. We also find that TiCl4 treatment of the mesoporous TiO2 film prior to device fabrication substantially reduces the charge recombination kinetics in mesoporous perovskite solar cells.
Bulimia with and without a family history of depressive illness.

Abstract Patients evaluated in an eating disorders clinic and diagnosed as having bulimia by DSM-III criteria were classified into two groups: those with a family history of affective disorder in at least one first-degree (N = 111) and those without that history (N = 164). These two groups were then compared on several variables. Patients in the positive family history group were significantly more likely to have been treated previously for depression, to report problems in functioning (financial, social, work) and to endorse reasons for binge-eating suggestive of depressive symptoms (unhappiness, insomnia, tension and anxiety). However, the two groups were similar as to level of depression on the Hamilton Rating Scale and the severity of their eating problems.
Lifetimes associated with low-energy gamma transitions in 128I and 134Cs

Abstract A study of the lifetimes and energies associated with low-energy gamma transitions from 127I(n, γ)128I and 133Cs(n, γ)134Cs reactions have been studied using a high-resolution Ge(Li) X-ray spectrometer system. In the de-excitation of 128I new transitions have been observed at 147.01 and 156.08 keV in addition to those previously reported and a lifetime of 8 ns was confirmed for the line at 133.31 keV. In the case of 134Cs decay, the line at 116 keV has been resolved into a quartet of lines of energies 113.67, 116.26, 118.27 and 120.43 keV. Several delayed states were observed including half-lives of 15 and 55 ns associated with lines at 116.26 and 118.27 keV and a half-life of 38 ns connected with the 176.18 keV transition.
Trends in opioid-related fatal overdoses in Massachusetts, 1990-2003.

Abstract Since 1997, poisoning, particularly from heroin and other opioids, has been the leading cause of injury mortality in Massachusetts. Our aim was to describe recent trends in opioid-related poisoning deaths among Massachusetts residents. Methods Massachusetts death files for the years 1990–2003, as coded by International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision and International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision , were used to identify all poisoning deaths and opioid-related poisoning deaths; rates were age-adjusted and grouped by year, sex, and race/ethnicity. Results From 1990 to 2003, opioid-related fatal poisoning rates increased by 529% from 1.4 per 100,000 in 1990 to 8.8 per 100,000 in 2003. The proportion of total poisoning deaths associated with opioids rose from 28% in 1990 to 69% in 2003. Conclusions Massachusetts experienced a significant increase in opioid-related poisoning death rates. To guide future public health interventions, further investigation is necessary to better delineate the specific opioids involved, the circumstances surrounding these deaths, and the medical and behavioral health care options available.
Terrorism and Morality

ABSTRACT The paper addresses the fundamental issue of the morality of terrorism. It distinguishes four types of terrorism—‘predatory,’‘retaliatory,’‘political’and ‘moralistic’—and argues that in all of them terrorism (in a ‘descriptive,’value-neutral sense of the word) is always wrong. After a short introductory section the paper considers in some detail the conceptual problem of defining ‘terrorism’. Next it considers the possible application to terrorism, with the necessary modifications, of two main conditions of a ‘just war’; viz. the Principles of Discrimination and of Proportion. It argues that these conditions support the paper's central contention. Additional support is then found in the concept and principles of human rights. In the final section the paper evaluates utilitarian arguments brought forth by Kai Nielsen in Violence and Terrorism: its uses and abuses, in support of so-called ‘revolutionary terrorism’. Throughout the discussion is illustrated by some actual examples from the recent past.
The lost art of inter-provider communication

From the days of Neanderthal drawings on cave walls to the sophisticated tools of cell phones, cable phones, and satellite phones, communication among humans has evolved at a dizzying pace. Or has it? Communication among and between healthcare providers in the 21st century may have actually devolved. Computers and smart phones have taken the place of interpersonal communication. While communication among healthcare providers has become more efficient, one can argue that it has become less safe for the patient. Gone are the days of consultants speaking directly to one another about a mutual patient. Now, physicians and mid-level providers read one another's notes either on paper or in a computerized medical record. Gone also are the days of nurses trading information on a patient between shifts. Shift report is either done through tape recordings or, again, via computerized notes. The rationale of decreased interpersonal communication between healthcare providers is “I am too busy.” Yes, we are constantly fighting the clock in our efforts to take care of patients in an environment that is wrought with “crossing Ts and dotting Is” to satisfy increasingly suffocating regulatory demands. Yet, while relying solely on digital communication, we are sacrificing the gain of subtle nuances of patient information that can be of supreme importance in their outcome. Family dynamics, psychosocial situations, or even a vague deviation from a normal exam may not be properly articulated to one another, and this can make a difference in the course of a patient's hospitalization. Perhaps, the quality and quantity of interpersonal communication has suffered because of poorly defined roles and tasks,[4] “turf wars” among hospital departments/units, difficulty in socialization skills between professionals, or competing priorities among hospital staff. The problem of poor communication may be related to all of these factors. Irrespective of the underlying causes of communication breakdown between healthcare professionals, the adverse affect on patient outcome and development of tools to enhance and improve collaboration and communication is well documented in the literature.[1,2] Poor communication among healthcare providers also makes for a stressful workplace and encourages disruptive behavior among clinicians.[3] There is no healthcare professional that is too important or too busy to speak or interact with a colleague, especially when it concerns a patient care issue. Leave egos and personal feelings at the door. Provide unencumbered quality patient care. Let us get back to the fundamentals of patient care and do the best we can for our patients all day, every day.
Rates and coverages in the low pressure Pt-catalyzed oxidation of carbon monoxide☆

Abstract The Pt-catalyzed oxidation of CO has been investigated using polycrystalline foil over the temperature range 375 to 1000 °K and pressures between 10−6 and 10−3 Pa. Emphasis is placed on temperatures between 450 and 550 °K, where the steady-state rates are very sensitive to the ratio p CO p O 2 . At pressures of CO which lie well below the pressure of O2, the reaction rate is first order in CO pressure, but when the CO pressure lies above the O2 pressure, the rate is inhibited by CO to an extent which depends on the temperature and oxygen pressure. Coverages of oxygen and carbon monoxide have been determined under working conditions using transient titration and flash desorption techniques. These measurements indicate that the oxygen coverage drops smoothly as CO pressure is increased. The CO coverage is not detectable until the oxygen coverage becomes very small, but once CO begins to accumulate, its concentration rises sharply toward the isotherm value. For temperatures around 475 °K and below, the transformation from the first order (in CO) to the inhibition regime is relatively slow and leads to a series of relatively long-lived states which have not been adequately characterized. The steady-state kinetic and coverage data are discussed in terms of a kinetic model which assumes dissociative oxygen chemisorption and a mobile carbon monoxide precursor state.
Characterizing the impact of multi-frequency and multi-power on localization accuracy

Wireless localization using the received signal strength (RSS) can have tremendous savings over using specialized positioning infrastructures. In this work, we explore improving RSS localization performance in multipath environments by varying the transmitter's signal power and frequency. Using a theoretical analysis, we first show how selection of different signal powers and frequencies can improve localization accuracy for the least squares algorithm. We next develop a set of selection methods that attempt to select the combinations of power and frequencies which minimize the localization error. Our selection methods are based on the observed standard deviations of RSS as well as algorithm specific residuals. Using active RFID tags, we experimentally characterize the effect of using multiple signal powers and frequencies on a wide spectrum of RSS-based algorithms. We found that the performance of all the algorithms improves when leveraging on multiple power levels and frequencies, although different algorithms present different sensitivity in terms of localization accuracy under different selection methods.
Amygdala-Dependent Regulation of Electrical Properties of Hippocampal Interneurons in a Model of Schizophrenia

Background Schizophrenia (SZ) involves dysfunction of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic transmission in the hippocampus (HIPP), particularly in sector CA2/3. Previous work using a rodent model of postmortem abnormalities in SZ demonstrated that activation of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) results in decreases of GABA currents in pyramidal neurons of CA2/3 but not CA1. In addition, a decrease of GABA cells has been reported in postmortem studies of the HIPP in SZ. In the present work we tested the hypothesis that BLA activation in this rodent model of SZ leads to changes in the electrical properties of interneurons located in sector CA2/3. Methods Patch clamp recordings in HIPP slices were performed in rat HIPP slices after 15 days of infusion of picrotoxin into the BLA. The intrinsic and firing properties and hyperpolarization-activated currents (Ih) of interneurons were measured in stratum oriens (SO) of CA2/3 and CA1. Results The BLA activation was associated with a lower resting membrane potential and an increased action potential firing rate in interneurons of CA2/3 but not CA1. Recordings from interneurons further demonstrated an increase of currents associated with hyperpolarization-activated cationic channels (Ih), which help to control neuronal firing rates and oscillatory rhythms. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest that the enhanced BLA activity is capable of increasing the excitability of interneurons in SO of CA2/3 and might contribute to GABAergic dysfunction in SZ.
Acne Vulgaris: New Concepts in Pathogenesis and Treatment

The successful management of acne involves a careful detailing of the factors involved in pathogenesis to ensure confidence and co-operation with the now quite successful therapeutic measures available.
Recent developments in low-carbon sheet steels

This overview provides examples of recent areas of research related to physical metallurgy of low-carbon sheet steels. Development of new alloys and microstructures, understanding mechanical behavior in new loading regimes, and understanding microstructure evolution in response to new processing methods are shown to provide continued challenges and opportunity. Ferrous physical metallurgy remains an active and fruitful field of research.
Diagnostic chemical shift markers for loop conformation and substrate and cofactor binding in dihydrofolate reductase complexes.

Heteronuclear NMR methods have been used to probe the conformation of four complexes of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) in solution. 1HN, 15N, and 13Cα resonance assignments have been made for the ternary complex with folate and oxidized NADP+ cofactor and the ternary complex with folate and a reduced cofactor analog, 5,6-dihydroNADPH. The backbone chemical shifts have been compared with those of the binary complex of DHFR with the substrate analog folate and the binary complex with NADPH (the holoenzyme). Analysis of 1HN and 15N chemical shifts has led to the identification of marker resonances that report on the active site conformation of the enzyme. Other backbone amide resonances report on the presence of ligands in the pterin binding pocket and in the adenosine and nicotinamide–ribose binding sites of the NADPH cofactor. The chemical shift data indicate that the enzyme populates two dominant structural states in solution, with the active site loops in either the closed or occluded conformations defined by X-ray crystallography; there is no evidence that the open conformation observed in some X-ray structures of E. coli DHFR are populated in solution.
Recent Enhancements to the Development of CFD-Based Aeroelastic Reduced-Order Models

Recent enhancements to the development of CFD-based unsteady aerodynamic and aeroelastic reduced-order models (ROMs) are presented. These enhancements include the simultaneous application of structural modes as CFD input, static aeroelastic analysis using a ROM, and matched-point solutions using a ROM. The simultaneous application of structural modes as CFD input enables the computation of the unsteady aerodynamic state-space matrices with a single CFD execution, independent of the number of structural modes. The responses obtained from a simultaneous excitation of the CFD-based unsteady aerodynamic system are processed using system identification techniques in order to generate an unsteady aerodynamic state-space ROM. Once the unsteady aerodynamic state-space ROM is generated, a method for computing the static aeroelastic response using this unsteady aerodynamic ROM and a state-space model of the structure, is presented. Finally, a method is presented that enables the computation of matchedpoint solutions using a single ROM that is applicable over a range of dynamic pressures and velocities for a given Mach number. These enhancements represent a significant advancement of unsteady aerodynamic and aeroelastic ROM technology.
Developing an Internet‐based Communication System for Residency Training Programs

Administrative communication is increasingly challenging for residency programs as the number of training sites expands. The Internet provides a cost-effective opportunity to address these needs. Using the World Wide Web, we developed a single, reliable, accurate, and accessible source of administrative information for residents, faculty, and staff in a multisite internal medicine residency at reduced costs. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the website was determined by tracking website use, materials and personnel costs, and resident, staff, and faculty satisfaction. Office supply and personnel costs were reduced by 89% and personnel effort by 85%. All users were highly satisfied with the web communication tool and all reported increased knowledge of program information and a greater sense of “connectedness.” We conclude that an internet-based communication system that provides a single, reliable, accurate, and accessible source of information for residents, faculty, and staff can be developed with minimum resources and reduced costs.
The amino acid sequence of the fluorescein isothiocyanate reactive site of lamb and rat kidney Na+- and K+-dependent ATPase

Abstract Fluorescein 5′-isothiocyanate has been used to label ouabain sensitive and insensitive (Na,K)-ATPases from lamb and rat kidney, respectively. The labeled enzymes were digested with trypsin to generate soluble peptides, which were purified by high performance liquid chromatography and sequenced on a gas phase sequenator. The sequence of the labeled peptide from both species is His-Leu-Leu-Val-Met-Lys-Gly-Ala-Pro-Glu-Arg. Thus, it appears that the primary structure of the fluorescein 5′-isothiocyanate reactive site, and therefore presumably the ATP binding site, is completely conserved in ouabain sensitive and ouabain insensitive (Na,K)-ATPases.
Clinical and physiologic effects of antazoline, a new antiarrhythmic agent

Abstract 1.Intravenous antazoline caused a transient reduction in cardiac output and stroke volume. Blood pressure was maintained while peripheral vascular resistance increased. 2.Antazoline exhibited both direct myocardial depressant effects and anti-acetylcholine actions. 3.There was a complete suppression of atrial premature systoles in all 15 subjects studied. Atrial tachycardia was promptly terminated in 12 of 13 patients. However, antazoline proved to be ineffective in the presence of atrial flutter and fibrillation. 4.All but 7 of 68 patients with frequent ventricular premature systoles had an adequate response to antazoline. Ventricular tachycardia was terminated by intravenous antazoline in 6 of 10 patients. 5.Antazoline proved to be effective in terminating ventricular tachycardia, multifocal ventricular premature systoles, and nonparoxysmal nodal tachycardia due to digitalis excess. However, 1:1 conduction resulted in 2 cases of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia with block engendered by digitalis excess. 6.Antazoline is an effective, well-tolerated antiarrhythmic agent which may be used in the therapy of ectopic beating of atrial, nodal, or ventricular origin.
Baccalaureate nursing students' perceptions of children's community-based case management: a photographic project.

Abstract Twenty-four baccalaureate nursing students described their perceptions of learning about children's community-based case management with photographs and text. Instructors categorized students' photographs, developed themes, and validated the themes with senior students. Nurs Outlook 2000;48:302-6.
A Study on Universal Background Model Training in Speaker Verification

State-of-the-art Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-based speaker recognition/verification systems utilize a universal background model (UBM), which typically requires extensive resources, especially if multiple channel and microphone categories are considered. In this study, a systematic analysis of speaker verification system performance is considered for which the UBM data is selected and purposefully altered in different ways, including variation in the amount of data, sub-sampling structure of the feature frames, and variation in the number of speakers. An objective measure is formulated from the UBM covariance matrix which is found to be highly correlated with system performance when the data amount was varied while keeping the UBM data set constant, and increasing the number of UBM speakers while keeping the data amount constant. The advantages of feature sub-sampling for improving UBM training speed is also discussed, and a novel and effective phonetic distance-based frame selection method is developed. The sub-sampling methods presented are shown to retain baseline equal error rate (EER) system performance using only 1% of the original UBM data, resulting in a drastic reduction in UBM training computation time. This, in theory, dispels the myth of “There's no data like more data” for the purpose of UBM construction. With respect to the UBM speakers, the effect of systematically controlling the number of training (UBM) speakers versus overall system performance is analyzed. It is shown experimentally that increasing the inter-speaker variability in the UBM data while maintaining the overall total data size constant gradually improves system performance. Finally, two alternative speaker selection methods based on different speaker diversity measures are presented. Using the proposed schemes, it is shown that by selecting a diverse set of UBM speakers, the baseline system performance can be retained using less than 30% of the original UBM speakers.
Electrical performance of bumpless build-up layer packaging

The bumpless build-up layer (BBUL) microelectronic packaging technology is characterized by the absence of a conventional substrate core and a direct extension of the outmost metallization layers of the die into the overall thin substrate. Such a coreless, thin package provides the advantages of small electrical loop inductance for power delivery and minimized discontinuities for high-speed signaling. Furthermore, it allows for reduced thermomechanical stresses on low dielectric constant (low-k) die materials, high lead count, and ready integration of multiple electronic, optical, and microelectromechanical components. BBUL is also expected to be compatible with innovative thermal solutions using frontside heat removal. After summarizing some of the non-electrical characteristics of the BBUL packaging technology we conduct transient electromagnetic (EM) simulations for the core power delivery problem.
Plasma synthesis of hard materials with energetic ions

Abstract Recent developments in plasma synthesis of hard materials using metal plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition are described. We have produced and characterized a variety of films including doped and undoped DLC (diamond-like carbon) and metal carbides. By using multiple plasma sources operated either synchronously or asynchronously, different metal plasma species can be either blended or linked so as to form mixed-composition films or multilayer structures, and by control of the depositing ion energy, interfaces can be made sharp or graded and the film morphology and microstructure can be widely tailored. Plasma compositional uniformity is important to produce homogeneous films, and therefore effective mixing of plasma streams produced by the filtered cathodic vacuum arcs is very important. Specific systems described here include amorphic diamond, and TiC. We outline the deposition technique employed in this investigation, and summarize the results of the characterization of the films.
Multifrequency Pierce Oscillators Based on Piezoelectric AlN Contour-Mode MEMS Technology

This paper reports on the first demonstration of multifrequency (176-, 222-, 307-, and 482-MHz) oscillators based on the piezoelectric AlN contour-mode microelectromechanical systems technology. All the oscillators show phase noise values between -88 and -68 dBc/Hz at 1-kHz offset frequency from the carriers and phase noise floor values as low as -160 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. The same Pierce circuit design is employed to sustain oscillations at the four different frequencies; on the other hand, the oscillator core consumes 10 mW. The AlN resonators are currently wire bonded to the integrated circuit realized in the AMIS 0.5-?m 5-V complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor process. Limits on phase noise and power consumption are discussed and compared with other competing technologies. This paper constitutes a substantial step forward toward the demonstration of a single-chip multifrequency reconfigurable timing solution that can be used in wireless communications and sensing applications.
Beware of biotin: a source of false-positive immunohistochemistry

Abstract Biotin is distributed widely in nature and serves as a co-enzyme for a diverse group of enzymes which are involved in the transfer of CO 2 . The interaction between biotin and avidin forms the basis for the identification of cellular antigens in the most commonly employed immunohistochemical labelling methods in diagnostic surgical pathology. Endogenous biotin present in either a cytoplasmic or nuclear distribution can be the source of false-positive immunohistochemical staining when using the streptavidin biotin complex/horseradish peroxidase method. The best method to avoid the pitfall caused by endogenous biotin is to be aware of false positive immunohistochemical staining and to meticulously examine tissue-specific negative controls with every immunohistochemical study.
Fate and distribution of brevetoxin (PbTx) following lysis of Karenia brevis by algicidal bacteria, including analysis of open A-ring derivatives.

Flavobacteriaceae (strain S03) and Cytophaga sp. (strain 41-DBG2) are algicidal bacteria active against the brevetoxin (PbTx)-producing, red tide dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis. Little is known about the fate of PbTx associated with K. brevis cells following attack by such bacteria. The fate and distribution of PbTx in K. brevis cultures exposed to these algicidal strains were thus examined by receptor binding assay and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) in three size fractions (45, 0.22–5, o0.22mm) over a 2-week time course. In control cultures, brevetoxin concentrations in the 45mm particulate size fraction correlated with changes in cell density, whereas significant increases in dissolved (i.e., o0.22mm) toxin were observed in the later stages of culture growth. Exposure of K. brevis to either of the two algicidal bacteria tested caused cell lysis, coinciding with a rapid decline in the 45mm PbTX size fraction and a simultaneous release of dissolved toxin into the growth medium. Upon cell lysis, dissolved brevetoxin accounted for ca. 60% of total toxin and consisted of 51–82% open A-ring derivatives. Open A-ring PbTx-2 and PbTx-3 derivatives bound with lower affinity (approximately 22- and 57-fold, respectively) to voltage-gated sodium channels and were considerably less cytotoxic (86- and 142-fold, respectively) to N2A cells than their individual parent toxins (i.e., PbTx-2 and PbTx-3). These novel findings of changes in PbTx size-fractioned distribution and overall reduction in K. brevis toxicity following attack by algicidal bacteria improve our understanding of potential trophic transfer routes and the fate of PbTx during red tide events. Moreover, this information will be important to consider when evaluating the potential role of algicidal bacteria in harmful algal bloom (HAB) management strategies involving control of bloom populations. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.