cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Specific immunotherapy in allergies [Article in Croatian]

Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is defined as the repeated administration of a specific allergen to allergic subjects with IgE mediated conditions, in order to provide long term relief of allergic symptoms and decreased inflammatory reactions during subsequent natural allergen exposure. Immunological changes during immunotherapy are complex and associated with the development of immunologic tolerance, change toward a Th1 lymphocyte cytokine profile, increase in allergen â€“specific IgG4 level, and decrease in specific IgE antibodies. Numerous well-designed placebo-controlled studies have demonstrated that SIT is effective in children with allergic rhinitis and/or conjunctivitis, allergic asthma and in treatment of stinging insect hypersensitivity. SIT has also shown long term benefit following discontinuation, and to prevent the onset of new allergen sensitivities, as well as the development of asthma in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. A limitation of the subcutaneous injection route of immunotherapy is the risk of potential severe side reactions, which include anaphylaxis. Therefore, SIT should only be administered by trained staff, in an allergy clinic facility, with an appropriate observation area, with immediate access to adrenaline and other resuscitative measures. All patients should be observed in the clinic for at least 30 minutes after administration of the injections. There is a low risk of severe systemic reactions in selected patients with appropriately administered SIT. In asthmatics SIT should not be initiated unless the patient's asthma is stable and well controlled. In order to improve safety and convenience, alternative routes of immunotherapy and allergen extract modifications have been tried. High-dose sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has been found to be effective in many studies in patients with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. Local side effects of itching and swelling in the mouth are trivial, and require no treatment or discontinuation of therapy. No serious side effects have been reported during SLIT. Â
Vertebral–venous fistula: an unusual cause for ocular symptoms mimicking a carotid cavernous fistula

Vertebral–venous fistulas (VVF), or vertebral–vertebral arteriovenous fistulas, are an uncommon clinical entity. Typically, they present as a result of a direct vascular connection between an extracranial branch of the vertebral artery or its radicular components and the epidural venous plexus. These may manifest with signs and symptoms referable to cervical myelopathy secondary to compression or steal phenomenon. To our knowledge, this is the first case to identify a patient who presented with classic ocular symptoms attributable to a carotid cavernous fistula but secondary to a VVF. We present its treatment and clinical outcome. In addition, we present a brief literature review surrounding this uncommon disease.
Carbon monoxide (CO) vertical profiles derived from joined TES and MLS measurements

[1] TES (Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer) nadir and MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) limb measurements from the Aura satellite are used to jointly estimate an atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) profile with extended vertical range compared to profiles retrieved from the individual measurement. We describe the algorithms, the processing procedures, the prototyping results, and the evaluations for this new joint product. TES and MLS “stand-alone” CO profile retrievals are largely complementary, with TES being largely sensitive to lower to middle troposphere while MLS measures CO in the upper troposphere and above. We pair TES nadir and MLS limb tangent locations within 6–8 min and within 220 km. The paired radiance measurements of the two instruments in each location are optimally combined to retrieve a single CO profile along with other trace gases whose signal interferes with that from CO. This combined CO profile has a vertical resolution and vertical range that is an improvement over the two stand-alone products, especially in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere. For example, the degrees of freedom for signal (DOFS) between surface and 50 hPa for TES alone are < 2, and for the combined CO profiles are 2–4. This new Aura CO product will be made available to the public using TES V005 and MLS V003 processing results and will provide a unique data set for studying tropospheric transport of air pollutants and troposphere-stratospheric exchange processes.
Micropinocytotic Origin of Coated and Smooth Microvesicles (“Synaptic Vesicles”) in Neurosecretory Terminals of Posterior Pituitary Glands demonstrated by Incorporation of Horseradish Peroxidase

ELECTRON microscopic evidence1–3 has led us to believe that smooth microvesicles (“synaptic vesicles”) within neurosecretory terminals of posterior pituitary glands arise from coated microvesicles formed by invagination and vesiculation of the cell surface following exocytosis (see preceding communication)3.
The beliefs of resilient African-American adolescent mothers transitioning from foster care to independent living: A case-based analysis

Abstract This study presents the beliefs of three resilient African-American adolescent mothers transitioning from foster care into independent living in Illinois. Young mothers were followed for at least seven months as they participated in an innovative writing workshop for older foster youth. During this time, youth repeatedly initiated discussions of parenting while in foster care. Videotaped observations of workshops, in-depth, semi-structured individual interviews, and youth writing assignments yielded rich materials pertaining to parenting while in foster care. Young women identified a number of common challenges including financial difficulties, the pressure of meeting multiple obligations, stigma, and the negativity of some caseworkers. They also articulated cultural beliefs and practices which may support resilience. These included: the positive value placed on children and motherhood, spirituality, “other mothers” and various sources of community support, and an oppositional gaze. Implications for child welfare research and practice are discussed.
Multiple impact events recorded in the NWA 7298 H chondrite breccia and the dynamical evolution of an ordinary chondrite asteroid

Abstract The major geologic process that has shaped the asteroids and led to development of their regoliths is impact. Petrofabrics in ordinary chondrites are undoubtedly the result of impact events on their asteroidal parent bodies and the foliation present in a chondrite serves as an enduring record of the magnitude of the most intense compacting event experienced by the material. An overwhelming majority of chondrites have an internally consistent petrofabric contained within the spatial dimensions of the entire rock, including across clasts or different petrographic domains. This indicates that the magnitude of the most recent impact to have affected the assembled chondrite was significant enough to impart a foliation across all lithologies. Information of any previous impacts is largely lost because of the consistent, realigned foliations. We present X-ray microtomography derived 3D petrofabric intensity and orientation data for three lithologies in the NWA 7298 breccia. The internally inconsistent petrofabrics among differing lithologies indicate that the magnitude of the final impact event was smaller than previous ones. This latter case preserves fabric information recorded during previous impacts and allows a more complete interpretation of the impact history of a local region of the asteroidal parent. We used our data to infer the sequence and intensity of distinct impact events affecting the NWA 7298 parent asteroid. We suggest a near-surface impact debris zone on the H chondrite parent asteroid as an origin for NWA 7298. These observations yield new opportunities for investigating and interpreting the dynamic collisional evolution of asteroids.
RNA splicing in neurospora mitochondria: Self-splicing of a mitochondrial intron in vitro

We have used Neurospora nuclear mutant cyt-18-1, which accumulates a number of unspliced mitochondrial precursor RNAs, to identify rapidly mitochondrial introns that are self-splicing in vitro. Incubation of deproteinized whole mitochondrial RNA from the mutant with 32P-GTP resulted in strong labeling of a 1.3 kb RNA, subsequently identified as cytochrome b (cob) intron 1, and weaker labeling of additional RNAs. Self-splicing of cob intron 1, including precise cleavage and ligation, was confirmed using an in vitro transcript synthesized from the SP6 promoter. The in vitro splicing reaction was shown to be analogous to that for the Tetrahymena nuclear rRNA intron. Since splicing of cob intron 1 is inhibited in a recessive nuclear mutant, we infer that this essentially RNA-catalyzed splicing reaction must be facilitated by a protein in vivo.
Raman spectroscopy studies of combustion-related microparticles

Combustion processes may involve a variety of particles in the micrometer size range. Such microparticles include coal macerals, and the processes can generate particulate matter via the production of flyash, soot, or condensables. In addition, sorbent microparticles can be added to a combustor such as the fluidized bed coal combustor to remove hydrogen sulfide and/or sulfur dioxide, the so-called dry-scrubbing process of desulfurization. In this study, inelastic light scattering and infrared laser heating techniques were developed and used to follow chemical changes in single microparticles levitated electrodynamically. The reactions between CaO and CuO sorbent particles with SO2 were explored, coal macerals were characterized by inelastic scattering, and the effects of heating on a black carbonaceous microparticle were examined. Raman spectra obtained for CaO/Ca(OH)2 particles levitated in a stream of oxygen and SO2 show the formation of CaSO3 and CaSO4 upon heating. The uptake of water by the sorbent leads to fluorescence, which can mask the Raman spectrum. Single vitrinite and liptinite macerals are shown to have significantly different spectra, the latter being dominated by fluorescence. Heating and inelastic scattering measurements performed using fructose microspheres as a model carbonaceous blackbody show large changes in the particle due to pyrolysis. The apparatus, procedures and experimental results are presented together with a discussion of the problems and limitations associated with laser heating of levitated microparticles.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
NLRP3 deletion protects from hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury.

Inspiration of a high concentration of oxygen, a therapy for acute lung injury (ALI), could unexpectedly lead to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury (HA...
MODELING PULL-OUT TEST OF DENTAL IMPLANTS

The objective of this paper is to investigate bone-implant interface failure using analytical techniques of fracture mechanics. The implant usually is anchored to the surrounding bone by growth of bony tissue into the surface of the implant. A mechanical interlock is formed between the implant and the bone. Plane strain conditions are imposed. By using a continuous distribution of edge dislocations to represent interfacial debonding, the problem reduced to a system of singular integral equations that was solved numerically using standard collocation techniques. Quantities of interest are the extent of the debonded zone, the relative displacement between the implant and the bone and the stresses at the bone-implant interfaces, all of which depend on the load in a nonlinear fashion.
Can Strengthening Parenting Couples’ Relationships Reduce At-Risk Parenting Attitudes?:

Low-income, unwed expectant or new parents are considered at risk of faulty parenting. This study examined whether participation in the 6-week Love’s Cradle relationship enhancement curriculum would also increase positive nonabusive parenting attitudes. Participants were 138 low-income, pregnant or postpartum adults representing 69 romantic dyads who were seeking relationship education. Measures assessed before and after the group intervention suggested statistically significant improvements in all areas of dyadic adjustment (consensus, satisfaction, cohesion, and affectional expression) and most parenting attitudes (empathy toward children’s needs, belief in corporal punishment, role responsibilities, and children’s power and independence). Subgroup analyses explored differences by gender, abuse history, and ethnicity resulting in implications for working with Hispanic couples, and for couples where the male has a history of childhood abuse. This suggested relationship between improving the quality of a ...
Self-monitoring carbon-fiber polymer-matrix composites

Real-time monitoring of fatigue damage and dynamic strain in a continuous unidirectional carbon fiber polymer-matrix composite by longitudinal electrical resistance measurement was achieved. The resistance R decreased reversibly upon tensile loading in every cycle, thus providing dynamic strain monitoring. The peak R in a cycle irreversibly increased as fatigue damage occurred, due to fiber breakage. At 55% of the fatigue life, the peak R started to increase in spurts. At 89% of the fatigue life, the peak R started to increase continuously from cycle to cycle, but gradually. At 99.9% of the fatigue life, the peak R started to increase rapidly, both continuously and in spurts. The last spurt occurred at 99.997% of the fatigue life.
Polycystic disease of the kidney and liver in an adult Persian cat

Polycystic disease of the kidney and liver was diagnosed in a 10-year-old spayed female Persian cat. Previous reports of renal and hepatic polycystic disease in dogs and cats have described only juvenile forms, with death at an early age. The cat of this report had large, fluid-filled kidney and liver cysts, compared with the relatively small, spongiform cysts of puppies and kittens. The clinicopathological findings in this adult Persian cat are comparable to the adult form of renal and hepatic polycystic disease of man.
GRIN: interactive graphics for modeling solids

This paper describes an experimental system for the original generation and subsequent modification of volume models of complex physical objects, using interactive computer graphics. The models are built up from primitive volumes, e.g., cuboids, cylinders, swept sutfaces, etc., entered by a mechanical engineer interacting with a two dimensional projection of the model on a graphic display screen. The primitives may be entered at any orientation in 3-space and combined to form a single polyhedral model. The central issue is the provision of an efficient, natural means for generating these models.
Characterization and biotreatability of petroleum contaminated soils in a coral atoll in the Pacific Ocean

On Kwajalein Island in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, studies were conducted to characterize subsurface petroleum contamination and assess the potential for bioremediation of contaminated soils and sediments. Because of its remote location and problems with shipment of sample materials off-site, characterization and biotreatability studies were conducted on the Island during a 12-d site visit. Analyses were made of soil contamination levels, physical/chemical properties, and microbial densities, while microcosm studies were made of biodegradation potential. It was found that the coral-derived sands on Kwajalein Island were alkaline (e.g., pH > 8) and deficient in nutrients (e.g., low N, P). Microorganisms were abundant (103−107 org· g−1) and included appreciable hydrocarbon degraders. Diesel fuel contamination ranged from below detection limits to nearly 9000 mg TPH kg−1, with the highest levels in the capillary fringe and upper saturated zone of a freshwater lens beneath the Island. Biodegradation of fresh diesel fuel added to clean soil occurred very slowly (e.g., < 0.5 mg TPH kg−1 d−1). Biodegradation of diesel fuel added to previously contaminated soils that were also supplemented with nutrients, proceeded at higher but still relatively low rates (e.g., < 2 mg TPH kg−1 d−1). It was concluded that bioremediation of diesel fuel contaminated soils by indigenous organisms was feasible on Kwajalein Island, although degradation rates were very low, with some enhancement possible by the addition of nutrients.
Computation of the largest Lyapunov exponent by the generalized cell mapping

The method of cell mappings has been developed as an efficient tool for the global study of dynamical systems. One of them, the generalized cell mapping (GCM), describes the behavior of a system in a probabilistic sense, and is essentially a Markov chain analysis of dynamical systems. Since the largest Lyapunov exponent is widely used to characterize attractors of dynamical systems, we propose an algorithm for that quantity by the GCM. This allows us to examine the persistent groups of the GCM in terms of their Lyapunov exponent, thereby connecting them with their counterparts in point mapping systems.
Postgastrostomy deformity of the stomach.

Temporary postoperative tube gastrostomy may produce permanent deformity of the stomach as visualized on an upper gastrointestinal series. Six cases were studied illustrating two configurations of the gastric deformity. These appear to be related to the location of the gastrostomy opening in the stomach. The findings were either anterior displacement of the gastric antrum with adherence to the anterior abdominal wall or acute angulation of the gastric body in a medial and anterior direction.
Powder synthesis of barium titanate and barium orthotitanate via an ethylene glycol complex polymerization route

Pure and reactive barium titanate (BaTiO3) and barium orthotitanate (Ba2TiO4) powders have been synthesized by an ethylene glycol (EG), polymerizationcomplexation route. The EG content affected the crystallization behavior and powder morphology. The BaTiO3powder, which had a particle size of approximately 100 nm, crystallized from amorphous to tetragonal phase on calcining at 700 °C for 1 h. Ball-milled BaTiO3 powder sintered to 97% relative density at 1200 °C after 2 h, with a grain size of approximately 200 nm. Ba2TiO4 powder required longer holding times or higher temperatures to be crystallized from the amorphous phase than did BaTiO3. In Ba2TiO4, the phase transformation between low-temperature monoclinic symmetry to high-temperature orthorhombic symmetry was observed by dilatometry and differential scanning calorimetry. A volume decrease of ∼0.5% accompanied the monoclinic-to-orthorhombic transformation on heating. The high-temperature orthorhombic phase could be retained down to room temperature y the addition of at least 6 wt% magnesia (MgO) stabilizer.
Friction and wear behavior of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene on Co-Cr and titanium alloys in dry and lubricated environments

Abstract Dry oscillatory sliding tests were performed with ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) sliding against cast cobalt chrome, heat-treated Co-Cr, and titanium alloys. It was determined that the average value of steady state wear rate of UHMWPE against titanium was significantly greater than that against Co-Cr, but the friction coefficients against the two metals were not significantly different. In addition, results revealed that the value of steady state wear rate of polyethylene against as-cast Co-Cr was less than that against heat-treated Co-Cr. Wear rates in distilled water were significantly higher than those in dry conditions, while the friction coefficients were significantly lower. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that a transfer film of UHMWPE formed on the surface of the metal in both dry and wet conditions, although the appearance of the film was different in each case. The differences observed in the transfer film may have been responsible for the differences in tribological behavior of the UHMWPE.
Evidence for early initiation of growth hormone and transdermal estradiol therapies in girls with Turner syndrome

Results from the first randomized, controlled trial of growth hormone (GH) therapy in girls with Turner syndrome (TS) followed to final height firmly establish that GH increases final adult stature. It is widely believed that the efficacy of GH is dependent upon the duration of therapy and dosing (longer duration and higher dose give taller final height). In a recent observational study involving more than 1500 French girls with TS, multivariate analyses demonstrated that the age at initiation of GH therapy accounted for a large percentage of the variance (44%) in response. Age at initiation of estrogen therapy was the second most important factor in determining GH effect (later initiation, taller final height), accounting for 22% of the variance. Overall, 0.3 cm in adult height was gained for every year that estrogen therapy was delayed. However, analyses of the French data restricted to patients with induced puberty revealed that those treated with percutaneous estradiol attained a height 2.1cm taller than those using oral estradiol or other estrogen preparations. In another study, girls receiving GH therapy (n=14) who were randomized to receive intramuscular (IM) depot estradiol early (12.0-12.9 years) attained at least as much height as those who initiated it late (14.0-14.9 years). These results are consistent with the observations in adult women that oral estrogens decrease IGF-I serum levels and suppress the IGF-independent metabolic effects of GH, while transdermal estrogens do not. Taken together, these studies suggest that girls with TS should begin GH therapy as soon as growth failure is demonstrated and that puberty should be induced with transdermal or IM estradiol. Girls for whom height is normalized with GH therapy in early childhood have the opportunity to undergo puberty at an age-appropriate time and still achieve a normal adult stature.
Helping maltreated children to find their Ibasho: Japanese perspectives on supporting the well-being of children in state care

Abstract This paper describes the perspectives of Japanese child welfare professionals, educators, and children living in state care on how to support the well-being of maltreated children. It focuses on a Japanese indigenous concept, Ibasho. Ibasho is a Japanese term that originally means “whereabouts” and connotes a place where a person feels acceptance, security, belonging, and/or coziness. In this study, most children with maltreatment histories described characteristics of Ibasho at their child care institutions, school, or both. Adults emphasized the importance of maltreated children's acquisition of Ibasho. They believed that part of their role involved creating an accepting atmosphere to support maltreated children in finding their Ibasho. Adults described poor social skills, withdrawn or fearful behaviors, aggressive behaviors, and superficial interpersonal relationships as impediments to Ibasho creation in some maltreated children. They attempted to support children's Ibasho creation by developing good interpersonal relationships with the children; supporting children's positive peer relationships, academic achievement, and integration into the larger community; and fostering collaborative relations between school and child care institution. Implications for U.S. social work policies and practices are discussed.
Linear and nonlinear HL-A9 subdivisions generated by serial dilution.

Using serial dilutions of established HL-A9 antisera, we could subdivide the HL-A9 specificity either into 15 linear subtypes based on cross-reacting groups, or into 16 nonlinear subtypes. The latter arrangement is consistent with a theory of shifting antigenic reference points for HL-A structure.
The Changing Face of Percutaneous Image-guided Biopsy: Molecular Profiling and Genomic Analysis in Current Practice

Oncology is undergoing a revolutionary change. Image-guided biopsy is expected to play an increasingly important role in this radical transformation. Current concepts of disease and treatment are based on an established set of physical signs and symptoms and laboratory tests broken down by organ system. However, soon diseases will be categorized and treated based on much more specific and detailed molecular and genetic information. This transformation in how disease is categorized and treated will depend on the ability to harvest tissue from tumors and analyze it appropriately.
Formation of chondroitin sulfate by a microsomal preparation from chick embryo epiphyseal cartilage

Abstract It has been shown that radioactively labeled glucuronic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine are incorporated into a glycosaminoglycan (mucopolysaccharide) when labeled uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid and uridine diphosphate N-acetylgalactosamine are incubated with a microsomal preparation from chick embryo epiphyseal cartilage ( Silbert, 1964 ; Perlman et al. , 1964 ). This glycosaminoglycan has been identified by sugar analysis as the nonsulfated compound chondroitin (Silbert, 1964). The same microsomal preparation has also been shown to contain particle-bound chondroitin sulfate, and to be able to catalyze the incorporation of labeled sulfate from PAPS into this particlebound chondroitin sulfate ( DeLuca and Silbert, 1968 ). This suggests that the synthesis of the polysaccharide chain of chondroitin and sulfation to form the complete chondroitin sulfate product might take place with the same microsomal preparation. The present report describes the use of this microsomal preparation from chick embryo epiphyseal cartilage to form chondroitin sulfate.
THE ROENTGEN APPEARANCE OF THE CHEST IN ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS IN CHILDREN.

Roentgenograms of the chest were obtained on 76 children with acute glomerulonephritis. Abnormalities were found in 65 roentgenograns. These included cardiomegaly in 47 (62 per cent), prominent pulmonary vasculature in 56 (74 per cent), pleural fluid in 42 (55 per cent), and pulmonary edema in 25 (33 per cent). The roentgen findings in the chest, although not pathognomonic, may occasionally be of diagnostic value.
School from the Young Adolescent's Perspective: A Descriptive Report

Despite efforts over the past few decades to provide a better educational environment for young adolescents, little is empirically known regarding the students' perceptions of school. The present study was undertaken to directly tap young adolescents' views about school as they progressed from elementary to junior high school. As part of a larger research project, 335 sixth grade students (153 boys and 182 girls) were randomly selected from two successive cohorts and followed longitudinally through the eighth grade. Structured interview data pertaining to the students' views and attitudes about various aspects of school, as well as school reported grades, were collected each year. Several important findings emerged in the areas of: (1) academic concerns and preferences, (2) grades, (3) extra curricular activities, (4) the relative importance of athletics, popularity, and academics, (5) views about the transition into junior high, and (6) trouble-causing activities. Among the most striking findings were: (...
Response of ectomycorrhizal quercus rubra to soil cadmium nickel and lead

The role of ectomycorrhizae in the uptake of heavy metals by Quercus rubra was examined. Quercus rubra seedlings inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luleus were grown in a sandy loam soil containing a range of Cd, Ni or Pb concentrations. Ectomycorrhizal colonization rates were significantly reduced on Quercus seedlings by the heavy metals, particularly Cd and Ni. At high soil-heavy-metal concentrations leaf Cd, Ni and Pb content were lower in ectomycorrhizal seedlings compared to nonmycorrhizal controls. Root heavy-metal contents were also higher in ectomycorrhizal plants. Noninoculated seedlings exhibited macro- and microelement deficiencies. The size of non-mycorrhizal seedlings exposed to heavy metals was reduced compared to those inoculated with S. luteus. Ectomycorrhizal colonization and growth of Quercus seedlings are influenced by high soil concentrations of Cd, Ni or Pb.
Mine, thine, and ours: collaboration and co-authorship in the material culture of the mid-twentieth century chemical laboratory.

Patterns of collaboration and co-authorship in chemical science from the 1920s to the 1960s are examined with an eye to frequency of co-authorship and differences in allocation of credit during a period of increasing team research and specialization within chemical research groups. Three research leaders in the cross-disciplinary and cutting edge field of X-ray crystallography and molecular structure are the focus of this historical study within a framework of sociological literature on different collaborative patterns followed by eminent scientists. The examples of Michael Polanyi in Berlin and Manchester, Linus Pauling in Pasadena, and Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin in Oxford demonstrate the need to de-centre historical narrative from the heroic ‘he’ or ‘she’ to the collaborative ‘they.’ These cases demonstrate, too, the roles of disciplinary apprenticeships, local conditions, and individual personalities for historical explanation that transcends universal generalizations about scientific practice, material ...
CLUSTER ANALYSIS OR FACTOR ANALYSIS? THE DIVISIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION

Reference should be made to McQuitty's papers for a full discussion of similarity analysis, but its logic and computations will be briefly described here by outlining the way in which it can be applied to the problem of classifying APA divisions. The method can be applied to any type of correlation or coefficient of association. In this particular case the analysis starts from the published Winer coefficients for the 1955 APA membership data (4, p. 787 ) . Winer (1, p. 176) devised this special coefficient for the measurement of overlapping group membership. Consider first the problem of reducing the number of divisions by one. In these circumstances it would seem reasonable to merge the two divisions with the greatest overlap in membership, that is, with the highest coefficient. This is what similarity analysis does. Personality-Social Psychology and SPSSI are the two divisions with the highest coefficient (.63). These two divisions are accordingly merged and are henceforward treated as one combined division. The coefficient of any uncombined division with the newly-combined division is estimated by averaging the two previous ones. For example, the Clinical Division has a coefficient of .41 with the Personality-Social Division and one of .36 with SPSSI. It is therefore estimated to have a coefficient of .385 with the combined division. Let McQuitty's coefficient of similarity be denoted by a. Then the co
Effect of temperature on elementary steps of the cross-bridge cycle in rabbit soleus slow-twitch muscle fibres.

1. Isometric tension, stiffness and the cross-bridge kinetics in rabbit soleus slow-twitch fibres (STFs) were studied in the temperature range 5-37 degrees C by sinusoidal analysis. 2. The effects of MgATP and phosphate (Pi) on the cross-bridge kinetics were studied, and the temperature dependence of the kinetic constants of elementary steps of the cross-bridge cycle was deduced in the range 20-37 degrees C. 3. The MgATP association constant (K1a) decreased when temperature was increased. The rate constants of the ATP-isomerization step (k1b and k-1b) and the cross-bridge detachment step (k2, and k(-2)) had Q10 values of 3-4, and hence their equilibrium constants (K1b and K2) changed little with temperature. 4. Q10 of the force generation step (k4) was the largest at 6.7; its reversal step (k(-4)) had a Q10 of 2.5, and hence its equilibrium constant (K4) increased significantly with temperature. The Pi association constant (K5) changed little with temperature. 5. The elementary steps of the cross-bridge cycle are more temperature sensitive in soleus STFs than in psoas, which are fast-twitch fibres. This is in accord with a higher temperature sensitivity of the apparent rate constants in STFs.T 6. The temperature dependence of the equilibrium constant of the force generation step (K4) was fitted to the modified Van't Hoff equation to deduce standard enthalpy change (DeltaH degrees; 70 +/- 20 kJ mol(-1)), standard entropy change (DeltaS degrees; 250 +/- 70 J mol(-1) K(-1)), and heat capacity change (DeltaCp; -12 +/- 5 kJ mol(-1) K(-1)). These results indicate that the force generation step is an entropy driven, endothermic reaction that accompanies a burial of large surface area. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that hydrophobic interaction between residues of actin and myosin and between residues of the myosin head underlies the mechanism of force generation. 7. An increase of isometric tension with temperature is accounted for by the increased number of cross-bridges in tension generating states. Stiffness also increased with temperature, but to a lesser degree.
Epidemiology of Extraspinal Fractures in Acute Spinal Cord Injury: Data from the Model Spinal Cord Injury Care Systems, 1973-1999

Because of the high-energy force of the event, injuries to the spinal cord are often associated with fractures of bone. Analyzing data on 18,087 patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) receiving initial hospital care from the 24 Model SCI Care Systems from 1973 through 1999, we documented that the incidence of extraspinal fractures was 27.8 per 100 patients, with rib/sternum being the most common site of fractures. Injury etiology and level of neurologic deficit were the most important factors determining the presence and location of fractures. The incidence varied by age, gender, race, injury year, and completeness of neurologic deficit. This study establishes a baseline for future investigations.
Matrix Valency Regulates Integrin-mediated Lymphoid Adhesion via Syk Kinase

Lymphocytes accumulate within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of tumor, wound, or inflammatory tissues. These tissues are largely comprised of polymerized adhesion proteins such as fibrin and fibronectin or their fragments. Nonactivated lymphoid cells attach preferentially to polymerized ECM proteins yet are unable to attach to monomeric forms or fragments of these proteins without previous activation. This adhesion event depends on the appropriate spacing of integrin adhesion sites. Adhesion of nonactivated lymphoid cells to polymeric ECM components results in activation of the antigen receptor-associated Syk kinase that accumulates in adhesion-promoting podosomes. In fact, activation of Syk by antigen or agonists, as well as expression of an activated Syk mutant in lymphoid cells, facilitates their adhesion to monomeric ECM proteins or their fragments. These results reveal a cooperative interaction between signals emanating from integrins and antigen receptors that can serve to regulate stable lymphoid cell adhesion and retention within a remodeling ECM.
Synthesis and crystal structure of a covalently hydrated 8-thia-1,4-diazacycl[3.3.2]azine

Condensation of ethyl 4-chloroacetoacetate with 4-amino-6-hydroxy-2-pyrimidinethiol produced ethyl 3-hydroxy-5-amino-7-oxothiazolino[3,2-a]pyrimidin-3-acetate (7a) on crystallization. Subsequent ring closure of 7a produced the tricyclic 6a-hydroxy-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-8-thia-1,4-diazacycl[3.3.2]azin-2,5-dione (8). The structure of 8 was confirmed by crystal x-ray diffraction analysis.
Activation theory and task design

Abstract Performance decrements and dissatisfactions at the work place have long been observed but have not been adequately explained. Activation research and selected studies of work behavior are reviewed to show that decrements in performance may be better understood in the light of recent neuropsychological findings. This review indicates that activation theory and the research upon which it is based anticipates behavior related to variations in task design and suggests new avenues of investigation for those interested in the determinants of work behavior.
Molecular diagnosis of infantile onset inflammatory bowel disease by exome sequencing

Pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is known to be associated with severe disease, poor response to therapy, and increased morbidity and mortality. We conducted exome sequencing of two brothers from a non-consanguineous relationship who presented before the age of one with severe infantile-onset IBD, failure to thrive, skin rash, and perirectal abscesses refractory to medical management. We examined the variants discovered in all known IBD-associated and primary immunodeficiency genes in both siblings. The siblings were identified to harbor compound heterozygous mutations in IL10RA (c.784C>T, p.Arg262Cys; c.349C>T, p.Arg117Cys). Upon molecular diagnosis, the proband underwent successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and demonstrated marked clinical improvement of all IBD-associated clinical symptoms. Exome sequencing can be an effective tool to aid in the molecular diagnosis of pediatric-onset IBD. We provide additional evidence of the safety and benefit of HSCT for patients with IBD due to mutations in the IL10RA gene.
From innervation density to tactile acuity: 1. Spatial representation

We tested the hypothesis that the population receptive field representation (a superposition of the excitatory receptive field areas of cells responding to a tactile stimulus) provides spatial information sufficient to mediate one measure of static tactile acuity. In psychophysical tests, two-point discrimination thresholds on the hindlimbs of adult cats varied as a function of stimulus location and orientation, as they do in humans. A statistical model of the excitatory low threshold mechanoreceptive fields of spinocervical, postsynaptic dorsal column and spinothalamic tract neurons was used to simulate the population receptive field representations in this neural population of the one- and two-point stimuli used in the psychophysical experiments. The simulated and observed thresholds were highly correlated. Simulated and observed thresholds' relations to physiological and anatomical variables such as stimulus location and orientation, receptive field size and shape, map scale, and innervation density were strikingly similar. Simulated and observed threshold variations with receptive field size and map scale obeyed simple relationships predicted by the signal detection model, and were statistically indistinguishable from each other. The population receptive field representation therefore contains information sufficient for this discrimination.
Role of the Surface Lipoprotein BBA07 in the Enzootic Cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi

Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease pathogen, dramatically alters its protein profile when it is transmitted between ticks and mammals. Several differentially expressed proteins have been shown to be critical for the enzootic cycle of B. burgdorferi. In this study, we demonstrated that expression of the surface lipoprotein-encoding gene bba07 is induced by an elevated temperature and a reduced pH during in vitro cultivation, as well as during nymphal tick feeding. Expression of bba07 is regulated by the Rrp2-RpoN-RpoS pathway, a central regulatory network that is activated during nymphal feeding. By generating a bba07 mutant of an infectious strain of B. burgdorferi, we demonstrated that although BBA07-deficient spirochetes were capable of infecting mice via needle inoculation and surviving in ticks, they were defective in infection of mammals via tick transmission. Complementation of the bba07 mutant with a wild-type copy of bba07 partially restored the transmission defect of the bba07 mutant. Based on these findings, we concluded that the surface lipoprotein BBA07 is produced during tick feeding and facilitates optimal transmission of B. burgdorferi from the tick vector to a mammalian host.
Phosphorus wasting during phosphorus supplementation of human milk feedings nn preterm infants

21. Jensen RG, Clark RM, deJong FA, et al. The lipolytic triad: human lingual, breast milk and pancreatic lipases; physiological implications of their characteristics in digestion of dietary fats. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1982;1:243. 22. Poland RL. Breast-milk jaundice. J PEDIATR 1981;99:86. 23. Jesurum CA, Ostrea EM. Elevated serum bilirubin and albumin saturation in breast fed infants: role of supplemental feedings [abstr]. Pediatr Res 1979;13:497. 24. Hargraves T. Effect of fatty acids on bilirubin conjugation. Arch Dis Child 1973;48:446. 25. Rosta J, Makoi Z, Kertesz A. Delayed meconium passage and hyperbitirubinemia. Lancet 1968;2:1138. 26. Wirth FH, Davis SE. The effect of early meconium evacuation on the serum bilirubin levels in healthy term infants [abstr]. Pediatr Res 1973;7:341. 27. Bernbaum J, Pereira GR, Watkins JB, et al. Enhanced growth and gastrointestinal function in premature infants given non-nutritive sucking [abstr]. Pediaf~ Res 1981; 15:650. 28. De Carvalho M, Klaus M, Merkatz R. Frequency of breast feeding and serum bilirubin concentration. Am Dis Child 1982;136:737.
Understory structure in a 23-year-old Acacia koa forest and 2-year growth responses to silvicultural treatments

Abstract Restoration of degraded Acacia koa forests in Hawaii often involves mechanical scarification to stimulate germination of seed buried in the soil and to suppress vegetation that competes with shade intolerant A. koa . Resulting even-age stands are gradually colonized by other plant species, but understory structure is poorly quantified, and the effects of management on understory vegetation are unknown. We examined the structure of the dominant understory species 23 years after stand initiation and determined their subsequent 2-year growth responses to silvicultural treatments prescribed to improve growth of koa. Release thinning, chemical control of introduced grasses, and phosphorus fertilization were applied in a split-plot experimental design. Results for DBH and height class distributions indicated that recruitment for most tree species began within a few years of stand initiation. By 23 years understory trees made up only 14% of total stand basal area, but they added greatly to native plant biodiversity. Alien grasses covered 92% of the forest floor and averaged 1.35 Mg ha −1 . Of the four most abundant native understory tree species, only shade intolerant Myoporum sandwicense grew faster in response to the treatments. P-fertilizer combined with grass control significantly increased production of the native shrub, Rubus hawaiiensis . Notably, alien grass biomass did not increase in response to thinning, and actually declined in P-fertilized plots. Only, where P-fertilizer was applied were P concentrations of understory leaves elevated. Foliar concentrations of other nutrients were generally unaffected by treatments. Our findings suggest that the conservative silvicultural treatments we used can be applied without adversely impacting the capacity of aggrading A. koa forests to support a diversity of native understory plants. Lack of an increase in alien grass biomass, and in the case of P fertilization, a reduction in grass biomass, indicates that treatments should not increase competition with native species.
Optimal Use of Adhesive Layers in Reducing Impact Damage in Composite Laminates

Impact experiments on a group of cross-plied graphite/epoxy laminates with and without adhesive layers were conducted. Impact-damage modes were examined by sectioning the impacted specimen and examining the sections with an optimal microscope. The effectiveness of using adhesive layers to suppress impact-induced delamination was investigated. It was found that the presence of adhesive layers could toughen the interface between two laminae and also reduce matrix cracking. A guide to the optical use of adhesive layers for improving impact resistance properties was proposed.
Healing and Normal Fibroblasts Exhibit Differential Proliferation, Collagen Production, α-SMA Expression, and Contraction

This study determines the differences in proliferation, collagen production, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, and contraction between healing and normal fibroblasts. Transected and sham-operated rat medial collateral ligaments (MCL) were used to obtain healing and normal fibroblasts, respectively. It was found that healing fibroblasts in monolayer culture proliferated 1.4-fold faster at 48 h and had 1.7-fold greater protein expression of α-SMA than normal fibroblasts. In addition, it was noted that the proliferation of healing fibroblasts in collagen gels was not significantly different from that of normal fibroblasts at 24 h, but it was at 48 h. Furthermore, in collagen gels, healing fibroblasts produced more type I collagen than normal fibroblasts and generated 1.6- and 1.7-fold larger contractile forces at 15 and 20 h, respectively, than their normal counterparts. Taken together, the results of this study show that healing fibroblasts possess a differential proliferation, α-SMA protein expression, and contraction than normal fibroblasts.
Robustness of public equilibria in repeated games with private monitoring

A repeated game with private monitoring is “close” to a repeated game with public monitoring (or perfect monitoring) when (i) the expected payoff structures are close and (ii) the informational structures are close in the sense that private signals in the private monitoring game can be aggregated by some public coordination device to generate a public signal whose distribution is close to the distribution of the public signal in the public monitoring game. We provide a sufficient condition for the set of uniformly strict perfect public equilibria for a public monitoring game to be robust in nearby private monitoring games in the sense that they remain equilibria with respect to the public signal that is generated by such public coordination devices with truthful reporting. Our sufficient condition requires that every player is informationally small in a well-defined sense.
The significance of a correlation of blister diameter with skin thickness for Ni and Be for blistering models

It has been suggested that large lateral stresses introduced in an ion implanted surface layer may cause elastic instability and buckling of the implant layer (blister formation), and result in a relationship D/sub mp/ varies as t/sup 3///sup 2/ between the most probable blister diameter D/sub mp/ and the blister skin thickness, t, for metals such as Be, V, stainless steel, Nb and Mo. To test this relationship a systematic study of the correlation between blister diameter and skin thickness for helium blistering of annealed polycrystalline Ni and Be has been conducted for helium ion energies in the range of 15-300 keV. For beryllium the relationship between D/sub mp/ (..mu..m) and t(..mu..m) can be fitted by the expression D/sub mp/ = 24.6t/sup 1/./sup 25/ whereas for nickel a best fit is obtained for the expression D/sub mp/ = 1.24t/sup 1/./sup 15/. These results, together with our earlier results for Nb and V, show that the relationship between D/sub mp/ and t is strongly dependent on the type of metal studied and do not support the lateral stress model for blister formation.
Cytochrome P450 and steroid hydroxylase activity in mouse olfactory and vomeronasal mucosa.

The aims of this study are to identify the sex steroid-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and to determine the activities of VNO microsomes to metabolize estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone. Several P450 isoforms, including CYP1A2, CYP2A, CYP2B, CYP2C, CYP2G1, and CYP3A, NADPH P450-reductase, and microsomal epoxide hydrolase were detected in mouse VNO, although their expression levels were much lower than those in the main olfactory epithelium. VNO microsomes were active toward the three steroid hormones, producing metabolite profiles similar to those seen with olfactory mucosal microsomes. Thus, the mammalian VNO, a steroid hormone target tissue, contains multiple steroid-metabolizing P450 isoforms and is capable of metabolic disposition of the three major sex steroid hormones. These findings support the proposed roles of olfactory mucosal and VNO microsomal P450 enzymes in maintaining cellular hormonal homeostasis and other perireceptor processes associated with olfactory chemosensory function.