cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in the circulation of Tampa Bay due to Hurricane Frances as recorded by ADCP measurements and reproduced with a numerical Ocean model

Hurricane Frances is shown to greatly alter the hydrodynamics within Tampa Bay, Florida, and the exchange of water with the Gulf of Mexico in both observational data and a realistic numerical circulation model of the Tampa Bay estuary. Hurricane Frances hit Tampa Bay on September 5, 2004 with surface winds peaking twice near 22 m s−1. There were three stages to the hydrodynamic effect of Frances on Tampa Bay. The first stage included the approach of Frances up to the first wind peak. The winds were to the south and southeast. During this stage sea level was maintained below mean sea level (MSL) and the residual current (demeaned, detided) was weak. The second stage began as the winds turned to the east and northeast, as the eye passed near the bay, and ended as the second wind peak appeared. During this stage the residual currents were strongly positive (into the bay), raising sea level to 1.2 m above MSL at St. Petersburg. The measured residual circulation peaked at over +0.7 m s−1 near the surface. The model shows this velocity peak yielded a maximum volume flux into the bay of +44,227 m3 s−1, displacing a total volume of 1.5 billion m3 in just a few hours, about 42% of the bay volume. In the third stage a strong negative flow developed as the wind and sea level relaxed to near normal levels. The ADCP measured a peak outflow of −0.8 m s−1 during this time. Model results indicate a maximum flux of −37,575 m3 s−1, and that it took about 50 h to drain the extra volume driven into the bay by Hurricane Frances.
Effects of geometry on the intensity of transmitted longitudinal waves

This paper presents a method for determining the effects of geometry on the intensity distributions of ultrasonic longitudinal plane wave fronts (plane waves is assumed) transmitted through a specimen with geometric deformation. Its feasibility is demonstrated with the aid of a microcomputer-based scanning and data-acquisition system.
A phenomenological theory for elastic fluids

Abstract A model for the condition of the substructure in polymetric solutions and melts based on the phenomenology of ,internal elastic strain leads to a general constitutive theory of the state variable type. In the development of this theory specific mathematical assumptions, which establish the equivalence of functional and rate type theories, are enumerated. Allowable constitutive forms are bound by restrictions which insure the existence of a high rate viscoelastic limit and guarantee the model's fluid-like behavoir under all circumtances.
The Validity of a Proxy Acculturation Scale Among U.S. Hispanics

This study examines the validity of a proxy acculturation scale composed of four acculturation-related variables. The authors use data from a nationally representative sample of 1,437 U.S. Hispanics. Results indicate good internal scale reliability, a high degree of correlation between the proxy scale and the full acculturation measure, and substantial agreement between dichotomized versions of the two scales. Although reliability declines slightly, validity increases with removal of generational status from the scale. Validity is found to be high for the three largest subpopulations by country of ancestry (Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Cuba). The proxy acculturation scale is a useful tool for the measurement of acculturation level among the majority of U.S. Hispanics when use of a more comprehensive acculturation scale is infeasible or impractical.
A framework for modeling 3D scenes using pose-free equations

Many applications in computer graphics require detailed 3D digital models of real-world environments. The automatic and semi-automatic modeling of such spaces presents several fundamental challenges. In this work, we present an easy and robust camera-based acquisition approach for the modeling of 3D scenes which is a significant departure from current methods. Our approach uses a novel pose-free formulation for 3D reconstruction. Unlike self-calibration, omitting pose parameters from the acquisition process implies no external calibration data must be computed or provided. This serves to significantly simplify acquisition, to fundamentally improve the robustness and accuracy of the geometric reconstruction given noise in the measurements or error in the initial estimates, and to allow using uncalibrated active correspondence methods to obtain robust data. Aside from freely taking pictures and moving an uncalibrated digital projector, scene acquisition and scene point reconstruction is automatic and requires pictures from only a few viewpoints. We demonstrate how the combination of these benefits has enabled us to acquire several large and detailed models ranging from 0.28 to 2.5 million texture-mapped triangles.
Enzyme Kinetics: Theory and Practice

Enzymes, like all positive catalysts, dramatically increase the rate of a given reaction. Enzyme kinetics is principally concerned with the measurement and mathematical description of this reaction rate and its associated constants. For many steps in metabolism, enzyme kinetic properties have been determined, and this information has been collected and organized in publicly available online databases (www.brenda.uni-koeln.de). In the first section of this chapter, we review the fundamentals of enzyme kinetics and provide an overview of the concepts that will help the metabolic modeler make the best use of this resource. The techniques and methods required to determine kinetic constants from purified enzymes have been covered in detail elsewhere [4, 12] and are not discussed here. In the second section, we will describe recent advances in the high throughput, high sensitivity measurement of enzyme activity, detail the methodology, and discuss the use of high throughput techniques for profiling large numbers of samples and providing a first step in the process of identifying potential regulatory candidates.
Interconnect-aware low-power high-level synthesis

Interconnects (wires, buffers, clock distribution networks, multiplexers, and busses) consume a significant fraction of total circuit power. In this paper, we demonstrate the importance of optimizing on-chip interconnects for power during high-level synthesis. We present a methodology to integrate interconnect power optimization into high-level synthesis. It not only reduces datapath unit power consumption in the resultant register-transfer level architecture, but also optimizes interconnects for power. We take into account physical design information and coupling capacitance to estimate interconnect power consumption accurately for deep submicron technologies. We show that there is significant spurious (i.e., unnecessary) switching activity in the interconnects and propose techniques to reduce it. Compared with interconnect-unaware power-optimized circuits, interconnect power can be reduced by 53.1% on average, while overall power is reduced by an average of 26.8%, with negligible area overhead. Compared with area-optimized circuits, the interconnect power reduction is 72.9% and overall power reduction is 56.0%, with 44.4% area overhead. The power reductions are obtained solely through switched capacitance reduction (no voltage scaling is assumed).
Signal transduction pathways mediating CCK-induced gallbladder muscle contraction

The signal transduction that mediates CCK-induced contraction of gallbladder muscle was investigated in the cat. Contraction was measured by scanning micrometry in single muscle cells isolated enzy...
An attempt to identify the solar M-regions

An attempt was made to identify persistent bright calcium flocculi with the solar M-regions postulated by J. Bartels to be the source of charged particles causing the 27-day recurrences in terrestrial-magnetic activity. Sketches of the bright flocculi on calcium spectroheliograms, arranged in rows of 27 days each, were compared with corresponding charts showing recurrences in magnetic activity. Identification was limited to two objectives, namely, (1) for years near minimum when bright flocculi and magnetic disturbances are scarce and therefore rendered more conspicuous and (2) for three of the most prominent sequences in magnetic activity from 1917, through 1931.
Development of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle With a Hydrogen-Fueled IC Engine

The motivation for the use of hydrogen as fuel is that it can be renewable and can reduce emissions. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are still likely to be more of a far-term reality because of their high manufacturing cost. A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with a hydrogen-fueled internal combustion (IC) engine has the potential of becoming a low-emission low-cost practical solution in the near future. This paper describes a standard sport utility vehicle (SUV) that has been converted into a hydrogen-powered HEV. The powertrain utilizes compressed gaseous hydrogen as fuel, a boosted hydrogen IC engine, an induction motor, a hydraulic transmission, regenerative braking, advanced nickel-metal hybrid batteries, and a real-time control system. Tests show that the vehicle can deliver higher fuel economy and much lower emissions than those of a traditional SUV without compromises in performance. This paper presents an overview of the prototype vehicle and emphasizes some of the unique features of this energy-saving clean environment solution
Addition of six-His-tagged peptide to the C terminus of adeno-associated virus VP3 does not affect viral tropism or production.

Production of large quantities of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) is difficult and not cost-effective. To overcome this problem, we have explored the feasibility of creating a recombinant AAV encoding a 6×His tag on the VP3 capsid protein. We generated a plasmid vector containing a six-His (6×His)-tagged AAV VP3. A second plasmid vector was generated that contained the full-length AAV capsid capable of producing VP1 and VP2, but not VP3 due to a mutation at position 2809 that encodes the start codon for VP3. These plasmids, necessary for production of AAV, were transfected into 293 cells to generate a 6×His-tagged VP3mutant recombinant AAV. The 6×His-tagged VP3 did not affect the formation of AAV virus, and the physical properties of the 6×His-modified AAV were equivalent to those of wild-type particles. The 6×His-tagged AAV did not affect the production titer of recombinant AAV and could be used to purify the recombinant AAV using an Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid column. Addition of the 6×His tag did not alter the viral tropism compared to wild-type AAV. These observations demonstrate the feasibility of producing high-titer AAV containing a 6×His-tagged AAV VP3 capsid protein and to utilize the 6×His-tagged VP3 capsid to achieve high-affinity purification of this recombinant AAV.
Leish-111f, a Recombinant Polyprotein Vaccine That Protects against Visceral Leishmaniasis by Elicitation of CD4+ T Cells

The Leishmania-derived recombinant polyprotein Leish-111f or its three component proteins, thiol-specific antioxidant (TSA), Leishmania major stress-inducible protein 1 (LmSTI1), and Leishmania elongation initiation factor (LeIF), have previously been demonstrated to be efficacious against cutaneous or mucosal leishmaniasis in mice, nonhuman primates, and humans. In this study we demonstrate that Leish-111f is also a vaccine antigen candidate against visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum. We evaluated the immune response and protection induced by Leish-111f formulated with monophosphoryl lipid A in a stable emulsion (Leish-111f+MPL-SE) and demonstrated that mice developed strong humoral and T-cell responses to the vaccine antigen. Analysis of the cellular immune responses of immunized, uninfected mice demonstrated that the vaccine induced a significant increase in CD4+ T cells producing gamma interferon, interleukin 2, and tumor necrosis factor cytokines, indicating a Th1-type immune response. Experimental infection of immunized mice and hamsters demonstrated that Leish-111f+MPL-SE induced significant protection against L. infantum infection, with reductions in parasite loads of 99.6%, a level of protection greater than that reported for other vaccine candidates in animal models of VL. Taken together, our results suggest that this vaccine represents a good candidate for use against several Leishmania species. The Leish-111f+MPL-SE product we report here is the first defined vaccine for leishmaniasis in human clinical trials and has completed phase 1 and 2 safety and immunogenicity testing in normal, healthy human subjects.
Objectification in Virtual Romantic Contexts: Perceived Discrepancies between Self and Partner Ideals Differentially affect Body Consciousness in Women and Men.

The current study examined whether exposure to sexually objectifying images in a potential romantic partner’s virtual apartment affects discrepancies between people’s perception of their own appearance (i.e., self-perceptions) and their perception of the body ideal that is considered desirable to a romantic partner (i.e., partner-ideals). Participants were 114 heterosexual undergraduate students (57 women and 57 men) from a northeastern U.S. university. The study used a 2 (Participant Gender) × 2 (Virtual Environment: Sexualized vs. Non-Sexualized) between-subjects design. We predicted that women exposed to sexually objectifying images in a virtual environment would report greater discrepancies between their self-perceptions and partner-ideals than men, which in turn would contribute to women’s body consciousness. Findings support this hypothesis and show that perceived discrepancies account for the relationship between exposure to sexually objectifying images and body consciousness for women but not men. We also found gender asymmetries in objectification responses when each component of perceived discrepancies, i.e., self-perceptions versus perceptions of a romantic partner’s body ideal, were examined separately. For men, exposure to muscular sexualized images was significantly associated with their self-perceptions but not their perceptions of the body size that is considered desirable to a romantic partner. For women, exposure to thin sexualized images was significantly associated with their perceptions that a romantic partner preferred a woman with a smaller body size. However, exposure to these images did not affect women’s self-perceptions. Implications for gender asymmetries in objectification responses and perceived discrepancies that include a romantic partner’s perceptions are discussed.
Tunable nonlinear directional coupler

We analyze the operation of a tunable device that is composed of two channel waveguides that are fabricated on a nonlinear substrate and of two adjacent electrodes, where the evanescent fields of the two guided modes overlap. The optical power-dependent propagation constant of the guided modes is modified locally as the power leaks from one channel waveguide to the other, resulting in a continuous change in the local phase matching. We present a general expression for the operation of the device together with a numerical example that demonstrates that the device acts as an all-optical gate, discriminator, and limiter, having a speed that is limited only by the transit time along the channels and the response time of the material.
Bio-Inspired Sensor Design with an Array of Coupled Lasers

The basic idea of the paper is to use neurocomputational features of weakly connected neural networks of oscillators in pattern recognition. Stable synchronized states of the neural networks where artificial neurons are lasers with equal natural frequencies are prespecified with connection matrices. A set of memorized patterns are associated with the prescribed equilibria in phase relations with which neurons oscillate. Any pattern to be recognized in the neighborhood of the memorized patterns will reach the corresponding stable synchronized state. Phase locking takes part in the recognition mechanism. Kuramoto's model is used in designing equilibria of laser networks.
A new approach for improved identification of measurement bias

Abstract This work presents a technique that can completely and accurately identify measurement bias in cases where it is not possible to use the method of Rollins and Davis (1992, 1993) and where the method of Narasimhan and Mah (1987) fail to perform accurately. This technique makes use of information contained in the relationship between individual measurements and the corresponding nodal imbalance. The performance of this method is demonstrated on a problem from the literature that has been difficult for other methods to handle. In addition, this article discusses how the new technique can be used as a visual monitoring tool for identifying biased measured variables.
Determination of hematocrit from mean transit time of red blood cells and plasma in cremaster muscle of the rat

Indicator dilution methods were used to measure the mean transit time of bolus injections of fluorescently labeled red cells (MTT/sub rbc/) and plasma (MTT/sub plasma/) containing 5 gms% fluorescent albumin. Following injection of a bolus into the femoral artery contralateral to the cremaster muscle, intensity time curves of the bolus dispersion were obtained within functionally paired arterioles and venules of successive microvascular divisions. The intensity time curves were obtained by digitizing videodensitometric measurements recorded under fluorescence microscopy. The average microvascular hematocrit (H/sub m/) present in the network between these two sites is evaluated assuming that the resident volume of either red cells or plasma is equal to the product of their volumetric flow and respective mean transit times, and the actual discharge hematocrit (H/sub d/) is assumed to be equal to the systemic hematocrit. >
Applications of the theory of computation to nanoscale self-assembly

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii Chapter 1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.
Amplitude effect on convection induced by time-periodic horizontal heating

Abstract Heat and momentum transport is investigated theoretically and numerically considering a rectangular enclosure filled with clear fluid or with fully saturated porous medium, under time-periodic horizontal heating. Numerical simulations, of various configurations, indicate that the natural convection activity within the enclosure peaks at several discrete frequencies, with the climax attained at a heating frequency referred to as resonance frequency . A general theory for predicting this resonance frequency is developed from the natural frequency of the flow circulating inside the enclosure. The resonance frequency can be calculated by solving a system of non linear equations, function of the averaged Rayleigh number, the Prandtl number, the enclosure aspect ratio, the heating amplitude, and the Darcy number for the porous medium case. Theoretical predictions agree well with numerical results. It is shown that the convection intensity within the enclosure increases linearly with heating amplitude for a wide range of parameters. Moreover, the flow response to pulsating heat is continuously enhanced as the system becomes more permeable. Time evolution graphs, phase-plane portraits, and streamlines highlight several distinct phases of the periodic heating process.
Introduction: Addressing the Millennial Morbidity—The Context of Community Pediatrics

The test of the morality of a society is what it does for its children. Dietrich Bonhoeffer1 Pediatrics is a contextual specialty concerned about children, their families, and the communities in which they live. Historically, US pediatricians have demonstrated a deep appreciation of the relationship between community forces and child health outcomes. Abraham Jacobi, MD, and Job Lewis Smith, MD, the founders of American pediatrics, fought to ensure a clean water supply and decent housing for poor urban infants and children who were poor. They set the stage for pediatric activism in the community. In the decades since then, pediatricians have grappled to incorporate knowledge about the influences of the external environment into the practice of pediatrics.2 Although the morbidity and mortality of children have changed over the past 150 years, the need for engaging in the community with families and community-based partners has not. Rather, the salience of community pediatrics has risen as the effects of societal forces have intensified and knowledge of the bioenvironmental interface has become more sophisticated. This supplement is a collection of articles about training and practice in community pediatrics that offers specific examples of clinical practice and research aimed at fulfilling the promise that our profession has made to children in our society. The past century has seen astounding changes in the configuration of childhood health and illness (Table 1). In the early 1900s, infant mortality was as high as 140 per 1000 live births per year3; child health clinicians struggled to handle malnutrition and contagious illnesses. The major biological and medical breakthroughs of the midcentury created the basis for the subspecialty care of children with congenital and acquired organ-system illness. By the 1960s and 1970s, acute infectious morbidity increasingly was held in check by antibiotics and vaccines. Pediatricians began … Address correspondence to Judith S. Palfrey, MD, Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115. E-mail: palfrey{at}fas.harvard.edu
The effects of age and type of carrying task on lower extremity kinematics

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of age, load amount and load symmetry on lower extremity kinematics during carrying tasks. Forty-two participants in four age groups (8-10 years, 12-14 years, 15-17 years and adults) carried loads of 0%, 10% and 20% body weight (BW) in large or small buckets unilaterally and bilaterally. Reflective markers were tracked to determine total joint range of motion and maximum joint angles during the stance phase of walking. Maximum hip extension, hip adduction and hip internal rotation angles were significantly greater for each of the child/adolescent age groups as compared with adults. In addition, maximum hip internal rotation angles significantly increased when carrying a 20% BW load. The observation that the 8-10-year-old age group carried the lightest absolute loads and still displayed the highest maximum hip internal rotation angles suggests a particular necessity in setting carrying guidelines for the youngest children. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: Bucket-carrying tasks were analysed as a function of age group, load amount and load symmetry. Hip joint rotations significantly increased when carrying 20% BW loads and in children as compared to adults, which suggests a particular necessity in setting carrying guidelines for the youngest age group (8-10 year olds).
The Conservation Value of Secondary Forests for Vascular Epiphytes in Central Panama

Secondary forests that develop following land abandonment could compensate for the losses of diversity and structure that accompany deforestation of old-growth forests in tropical regions. Whether secondary forests can harbor similar species richness, density, and composition of old-growth forests for vascular epiphytes remains largely unknown for secondary forests older than 50 yr. We examined community structure (species richness, density, and species composition) of vascular epiphytes in older secondary forests between 35 and 115 yr after land abandonment and nearby old-growth forests to determine if the community structure of epiphytes in secondary forests approaches that of old-growth forests over time. The recovery of epiphyte species richness was rapid with 55-year-old forests containing 65 percent of old-growth epiphyte species richness. Secondary forest epiphyte communities were found to be statistically nested within secondary forests older in age and within old-growth forests. Similarity of epiphyte communities to old-growth forests increased to 75 percent, 115 yr after abandonment. This study suggests that secondary forests will likely recover old-growth epiphyte richness and composition given enough time. Epiphyte densities did not recover quickly with 55-year-old forests having 14 percent and 115-year-old forests having only 49 percent of the density of old-growth forest epiphytes. The low density of epiphytes in secondary forests could impact rainforest diversity and function. We conclude that in less than 115 yr, although secondary moist forests have high conservation value for some aspects of community structure, they are unlikely to compensate biologically for the loss of diversity and ecosystem function that high epiphyte densities provide.
Specificity of eicosanoid production depends on the TLR‐4‐stimulated macrophage phenotype

Eicosanoid metabolism differs in profile and quantity between macrophages of different tissue origin and method of elicitation, as well as between primary and immortalized macrophages after activation with inflammatory stimuli. Using a lipidomic approach, we comprehensively analyzed the eicosanoids made by murine RPMs, TGEMs, BMDM, and the macrophage-like cell line RAW after stimulation with the TLR-4-specific agonist KLA. Direct correlation among total COX metabolites, COX side-products (11-HETE, 15-HETE), COX-2 mRNA, and protein at 8 h was found when comparing each cell type. Comprehensive qPCR analysis was used to compare relative transcript levels between the terminal prostanoid synthases themselves as well as between each cell type. Levels of PGE(2), PGD(2), and TxB(2) generally correlated with enzyme transcript expression of PGES, PGDS, and TBXS, providing evidence of comparable enzyme activities. PGIS transcript was expressed only in RPM and TGEM macrophages and at an exceptionally low level, despite high metabolite production compared with other synthases. Presence of PGIS in RPM and TGEM also lowered the production of PGE(2) versus PGD(2) by approximately tenfold relative to BMDM and RAW cells, which lacked this enzyme. Our results demonstrate that delayed PG production depends on the maximal level of COX-2 expression in different macrophages after TLR-4 stimulation. Also, the same enzymes in each cell largely dictate the profile of eicosanoids produced depending on the ratios of expression between them, with the exception of PGIS, which appears to have much greater synthetic capacity and competes selectively with mPGES-1.
A Stable Isotope Breath Test with a Standard Meal for Abnormal Gastric Emptying of Solids in the Clinic and in Research

Background & Aims: The aim of this study was to validate a [13C]–Spirulina platensis gastric emptying (GE) breath test (GEBT) with a standardized meal. Methods: Thirty-eight healthy volunteers and 129 patients with clinically suspected delayed GE underwent measurements at 45, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 240 minutes after a 238 kcal meal labeled test with 100 mg [13C]–S platensis and 0.5 mCi 99mTc. We established normal ranges for scintigraphy with this test meal, intraindividual and interindividual coefficients of variation (COVs), and the ability of the [13C] GEBT breath percent dose excreted *1000 values to predict scintigraphic half-life and to categorize GE as delayed, normal, or accelerated. Results: In health, the 10th and 90th percentiles of half-life for scintigraphic GE with this meal were 52 and 86 minutes; intraindividual COVs for scintigraphy and the GEBT were, respectively, 31% and 27% at 45 minutes, 17% and 21% at 90 minutes, 13% and 16% at 120 minutes, 10% and 13% at 150 minutes, and 8% and 12% at 180 minutes. Interindividual COVs at each time for the [13C] GEBT and scintigraphy were typically ∼1%–4% lower than intraindividual COVs. Individual breath samples at 45, 150, and 180 minutes predicted GE category; at 80% specificity, 45- and 180-minute samples combined were 93% sensitive to identify accelerated GE, and 150- and 180-minute combined were 89% sensitive for delayed GE. Conclusions: [13C]–S platensis GEBT is as reproducible as scintigraphy; imprecision with both tests reflects physiologic variation. With 4 breath samples, this method with an off-the-shelf meal is valid to assess GE in clinic and in research.
Optimization of nonlinear dose- and concentration-response models utilizing evolutionary computation

An essential part of toxicity and chemical screening is assessing the concentrated related effects of a test article. Most often this concentration-response is a nonlinear, necessitating sophisticated regression methodologies. The parameters derived from curve fitting are essential in determining a test article's potency (EC(50)) and efficacy (E(max)) and variations in model fit may lead to different conclusions about an article's performance and safety. Previous approaches have leveraged advanced statistical and mathematical techniques to implement nonlinear least squares (NLS) for obtaining the parameters defining such a curve. These approaches, while mathematically rigorous, suffer from initial value sensitivity, computational intensity, and rely on complex and intricate computational and numerical techniques. However if there is a known mathematical model that can reliably predict the data, then nonlinear regression may be equally viewed as parameter optimization. In this context, one may utilize proven techniques from machine learning, such as evolutionary algorithms, which are robust, powerful, and require far less computational framework to optimize the defining parameters. In the current study we present a new method that uses such techniques, Evolutionary Algorithm Dose Response Modeling (EADRM), and demonstrate its effectiveness compared to more conventional methods on both real and simulated data.
An EM-based estimation of OFDM signals

We propose an EM-based algorithm to efficiently detect transmitted data in an OFDM system as well as estimating the channel impulse response (CIR). The maximum likelihood estimate of CIR is obtained by using channel statistics (their means and covariances) via the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. This algorithm can improve signal detection and the channel estimation accuracy by making use of pilot symbols to obtain an initial estimate for the iteration. Simulation results show that the bit error rate (BER) can be significantly reduced by this algorithm, and validate its good convergence and robust properties.
How Might Action Learning Be Used to Develop the Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Capacity of Public Administrators

Action learning is a powerful tool for self-awareness and group-awareness that accomplishes four objectives simultaneously: (1) it helps organizations solve urgent problems, (2) it helps build groups that learn, (3) it helps enhance the leadership skills of group members, and (4) it helps develop the emotional intelligence of individuals and groups as a whole. This article explains the use of action learning to help develop the emotional intelligence and leadership capacity of senior public administrators in the U.S. government and the European Commission.
hNIS-IRES-eGFP dual reporter gene imaging.

The human and rodent sodium iodide symporters (NIS) have recently been cloned and are being investigated as potential therapeutic and reporter genes. We have extended this effort by constructing an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES)-linked human NIS (hNIS)-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) hybrid reporter gene for both nuclear and optical imaging. A self-inactivating retroviral vector, termed pQCNIG, containing hNIS-IRES-eGFP dual reporter gene, driven by a constitutive CMV promoter, was constructed and used to generate RG2-pQCNIG cells and RG2-pQCNIG tumors. 131I-iodide and 99mTcO4-pertechnetate accumulation studies plus fluorescence microscopy and intensity assays were performed in vitro, and gamma camera imaging studies in RG2-pQCNIG and RG2 tumor-bearing athymic rats were performed. RG2-pQCNIG cells expressed high levels of hNIS protein and showed high intensity of eGFP fluorescence compared with RG2 wild-type cells. RG2-pQCNIG cells accumulated Na131I and 99mTcO4– to a 50:1 and a 170:1 tiss...
Finding Common Knowledge Among Diverse Students

This short article describes the use of a carousel brainstorm activity to engage all students in the first day of a law school class. The activity demonstrates students' ability to contribute to the class discussion regardless of their background and allows them to immediately relate the law to their existing knowledge base.
Shared Trauma: Group Reflections on the September 11th Disaster

This article describes the unique collective reflections of M.S.W. students enrolled in the senior author's “Clinical Practice with Groups” course when the September 11th tragedy occurred. The inst...
Density-functional investigation of magnetism in δ -Pu

We present density-functional results of δ-Pu obtained from three electronic-structure methods. These methods have their individual strengths and are used in combination to investigate the magnetic and crystal stability of δ-Pu. An all-electron, full potential linear muffin-tin orbitals (FPLMTO) method, that includes corrections for spin-orbit coupling and orbital-polarization effects, predicts δ-Pu to be an antiferromagnet at zero temperature with a volume and a bulk modulus in very good agreement with experiment. The site-projected magnetic moment is smaller than expected (∼1.5 μ B ) due to large cancellation of spin and orbital moments. These calculations also predict a mechanical instability of antiferromagnetic (AF) δ-Pu. In addition, techniques based on the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (KKR) method within a Green's-function formalism and a projector augmented wave (PAW) method predict the same behavior of δ-Pu. In order to study disordered magnetism in δ-Pu, the KKR Green's-function technique was used in conjunction with the disordered local-moment model, whereas for the FPLMTO and PAW methods this was accomplished within the special quasirandom structure model. While AF δ-Pu remains mechanically unstable at lower temperatures, paramagnetic δ-Pu is stabilized at higher temperatures where disordered magnetic moments are present and responsible for the crystal structure, the low density, and the low bulk modulus of this phase.
A Study of Enthalpic Relaxation of Trehalose-Water Glasses

Trehalose has been shown to be an effective biostabilizer, one explanation for this is that it can easily form glass at near ambient temperatures. Enthalpic relaxation is a physical aging process that occurs in glasses held near, but below, their Tg and is an indicator of the amount of molecular mobility of a particular glass. Since molecular mobility is key to long-term storage biologics in a glassy matrix this study was developed to gain a fundamental understanding of the enthalpic relaxation kinetics of trehalose-water glasses. Through the use of DSC, enthalpic peaks were quantitatively measured for water-trehalose glasses as a function of aging time and aging temperature for three different mass percentages (Mwater /Mtrehalose %, ~0%, ~1.5%, & ~10%). From this data the total amount of relaxation and the relaxation time have been determined using the Cowie-Ferguson equation. Understanding the effects of water on enthalpic relaxation kinetics will help lead to optimized drying protocols and storage parameters.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Commentary: One way attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder can be life threatening? A travelogue on Nikolas et al. (2016).

I provide a brief commentary on the brilliant accompanying study of Nikolas et al. concerning risky bicyclist-automobile behavior in ADHD and typical youth. The sophistication of the simulator and procedures and the number and precision of measurements are remarkable and afford us an excellent glimpse into the specific mechanisms by which previously documented injury risk in such natural settings may be increased by ADHD in youth. I also briefly note clinically important implications of these and other research results on accident risk in ADHD.
351 MOTOR UNIT DISTRIBUTION FROM THE INFERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE IN THE GLUTEUS MAXIMUS MUSCLE

Purpose A motor unit consists of an alpha motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers that it innervates. During embryonic development, many neuronal connections from motor units are formed on the same muscle fiber. Most of these synaptic connections are then eliminated leaving only one nerve terminal to synapse on a muscle fiber. Of interest in our lab are the elements that cause these neuronal axons to seek out their respective target tissues and survive the period of synapse elimination. The mouse gluteus maximus muscle is innervated primarily by a single nerve, the inferior gluteal nerve. Because the gluteus maximus muscle is thin, it approximates a 2-dimensional space. This allows us to eliminate the issue of depth from this study and focus instead on position in only the x- and y-directions. The single-nerve innervation and muscle thinness facilitate our ability to test the hypothesis that the inferior gluteal nerve forms a positionally-restricted map over the rostrocaudal axis of the gluteus maximus muscle. Methods We examined the distribution and characteristics of single motor units of the inferior gluteal nerve supplying the gluteus maximus muscle. We used mice genetically engineered to express Yellow Fluorescent Protein (YFP) in motor neurons and their axons. The YFP protein contains a fluorophor that can be visualized by confocal fluorescent microscopy. Each axon was traced through the muscle to its respective terminal endings. We then measured the positions and areas of these nerve terminals. The number of nerve terminals was also recorded as a function of their rostrocaudal distance across the muscle. Results Single motor units were found to occupy intervals of approximately 20–;30% of the total rostrocaudal length of the muscle. Motor units with a relatively larger number of nerve terminals were found to cover larger rostrocaudal intervals. Also it was found that the nerve terminal areas varied widely within a given motor unit. Conclusions These results show that it is possible to map individual motor units and that variability exists in both position and nerve terminal area within a single motor unit. Ultimately our observations may be generalizable to other areas, including the CNS. This work may be useful in development of therapeutic techniques for injuries causing nervous tissue damage.
Analysis on Epidemic Characteristics of Viral Hepatitis from 2004 to 2007 in Nanning

Objective The aim of this investigation was to analyze the epidemic characteristics of viral hepatitis in Nanning and to provide the measures for its control and prevention.Methods Epidemiological data of viral hepatitis from 2004 to 2007 in Nanning were analyzed.Results Form 2004 to 2007,the yearly average incidence rate of viral hepatitis in Nanning was 79.02/lakh and the yearly average mortality rate was 0.13/lakh.80.44% of the cases were hepatitis B.The yearly average incidence rate of hepatitis B was 63.78/lakh.The yearly incidence rate of hepatitis C was increasing from 4.03% in 2004 to 10.67% in 2007.The number of incidence in the city areas was higher than the rural regions(P0.05) .The incidence in male was higher than in female(P0.01) .Most of the patients were farmers and are in the age group of 20～49.Conclusion The incidence of viral hepatitis in Nanning was increasing from 2004 to 2007.Infant and child vaccination program with Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B,and health education program in school in the rural areas should also be strengthened.
Recurrent support vector machines for speech recognition

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) using Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) architecture have demonstrated the state-of-the-art performances on speech recognition. Most of deep RNNs use the softmax activation function in the last layer for classification. This paper illustrates small but consistent advantages of replacing the softmax layer in RNN with Support Vector Machines (SVMs). The parameters of RNNs and SVMs are jointly learned using a sequence-level max-margin criteria, instead of cross-entropy. The resulting model is termed Recurrent SVM. The conventional SVMs need to predefine a feature space and do not have internal states to deal with arbitrary long-term dependencies in sequences. The proposed recurrent SVM uses LSTMs to learn the feature space and to capture temporal dependencies, while using the SVM (in the last layer) for sequence classification. The model is evaluated on the Windows phone task for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition.
Simple Alarm System for Automatic Tissue Processors

A simple alarm system has been constructed to monitor the proper operation of automatic tissue processors. The alarm is intended to prevent potential midair dehydration of the tissue due to improper descent of the baskets into the reagent beakers during the shifting operations of the automatic tissue processors. Remote monitoring of tissue processors that are in unattended areas is possible by placing the alarm in a central location of the hospital.
Network Reconstruction: The Process

A model that proves very inadequate will be quickly rejected, without contributing much to the genesis and progression of knowledge, while a succession of adjustments to a model that is useful, though not perfect, will lead to an increasingly detailed representation of the phenomenon – Antoine Danchin In this chapter we describe the process of network reconstruction in general terms and outline the basic underlying concepts. This process is fundamental to systems biology and culminates in a structured knowledge base , or k-base , that contains comprehensive curated biochemical, genetic, and genomic (BiGG) information on the target organism. A k-base can be updated continually as more is learned about the target organism. It is fair to say that once one has performed such a reconstruction, one knows the target organism in great detail. Building Knowledge Bases 2D genome annotation A bottom-up network reconstruction is effectively a two-dimensional annotation of a genome (Figure 1.8). It includes a list of components (represented as rows in a table) and the known links between them (represented by columns). If all these links are actual chemical interactions, this table is filled with stoichiometric coefficients. The table basically becomes a connectivity map for the network and it is based on the known chemical components of the network and the chemical interactions (covalent transformations or associations) between the components. The network grows as more and more information about the organism becomes available, or as the scope of the reconstruction grows. Similarity to the DNA sequence assembly process The process of generating the full DNA sequence of a genome is a familiar one (see top part of Figure 3.1). The irreducible unit of a DNA sequence is a base pair (bp). A read is a number of base pairs sequenced as a group. The read length can vary from 30 to 800 bp. Overlap between reads is used to build contigs . These can be quite large, reaching hundreds of thousands of base pairs. Finally, targeted sequencing is then performed to fill in the gaps between the contigs to obtain the full contiguous genomic sequence.
Predicting Academic Achievement and Attainment: The Contribution of Early Academic Skills, Attention Difficulties, and Social Competence

Abstract Research predicting academic achievement from early academic, attention, and socioemotional skills has largely focused on elementary school outcomes and rarely included peer assessments of social competence. We examined associations between these early child characteristics and academic outcomes into young adulthood using the Fast Track normative sample (n = 386). Reading achievement after fifth grade was significantly higher in children with better early reading skills and significantly lower in children with early attention difficulties. Math achievement was predicted by early reading and math skills, while school grades were significantly lower in children with lower peer acceptance and higher attention difficulties. Children with early attention difficulties were 40% less likely to graduate from high school. Years of education by young adulthood was significantly reduced in children with lower early reading skills, lower social acceptance, and higher attention difficulties; these early child ...
Stability of Egg White Lysozyme in Combination with Other Antimicrobial Substances.

The effects of pH, ionic strength (I), and selected antimicrobial substances on the lytic activity of egg white lysozyme over an extended storage period of 30 d were studied by observing the rate of clearing of a cell suspension of Micrococcus lysodeikticus . During prolonged storage, lysozyme activity remained relatively stable at pH 7 and ionic strength 0.14. Lysozyme activity was highly stable (i.e., maintained over 90% of lytic activity from day 1 to day 30) in solutions of 1.0% sodium chloride, 100 ppm sodium nitrite, 4.0% ethanol, and 100 ppm butylated hydroxytoluene. Lysozyme activity also was stable (i.e., retained over 80% of lytic activity) in solutions of 0.1% sodium benzoate and 100 ppm butylated hydroxyanisol. The lysozyme activity was relatively stable (i.e., retained over 70% of lytic activity) in Solutions of 0.3% calcium propionate, 0.1% potassium sorbate, and 0.1% propyl paraben. About half (50%) of the lysozyme activity was retained in solution of 0.5% EDTA. Activity was lost when lysozyme was combined with 0.5% lactic acid, 4% acetic acid, and 100 ppm chlorine water.
Identifying Leaders at Hawikku

ABSTRACTUsing a method for identifying leaders from mortuary data, I examine the nature of leadership at Hawikku, an ancestral Zuni village. Several types of gender-specific leadership roles are identified and a functional interpretation is offered for each. A demographic reconstruction is used, along with expectations of the number of leaders expected from two ideal decision-making models (centralized and representative council), to argue that Hawikku political structure was relatively centralized.
Highly efficient parallel schemes using out-of-core solver for MoM

Currently, the problem size that can be solved in reasonable time using the method of moments (MoM) is limited by the amount of memory installed on the computer. This paper offers a new development which not only breaks this memory constraint, but also maintains the efficiency of running the problem in-core. In this paper, highly efficient parallel matrix filling schemes are presented for parallel in-core and parallel out-of-core method of moments (MoM) integral equation solvers with RWG basis functions. The parallel in-core solver uses RAM, which is often expensive and limited in size. The parallel out-of-core solver is introduced to extend the capability of MoM to solve larger problems which can be as large as the amount of storage on the hard disk. Numerical results on several typical computer platforms show that the parallel matrix filling schemes and matrix equation solvers introduced here are highly efficient and achieve theoretical predictions. The implementation of these advancements with the widely used RWG basis function creates a powerful tool for efficient computational electromagnetic solution of complex real world problems.