cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison between genetic programming and Neural Network in classification of buried unexploded ordnance (UXO) targets

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been utilized for detection and classification of unexploded ordnance (UXO) for both civilian and military purposes for many years [1]. UXO classification processes of the GPR technology often involve complex qualitative features such as 2D scattering image and are performed subjectively by human operators. Thus, inconsistent and subjective classification performance associated with human factor such as fatigue, memory fading, learning capability or complex features are clearly inevitable.[2] In order to overcome this issue, an automatic, objective classification method that does not require a trained operator is essential. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, such as Neural Network (NN) and Fuzzy system, have been investigated and applied to develop autonomous classification algorithms for UXO and land mine detection and showed promising results. [2,3] Recently, genetic programming (GP), which is relatively new method of the AI techniques, has been introduced for classification [4]. A preliminary comparison between the effectiveness of the NN and the GP techniques in a classification point of view has been conducted using images of alphabet characters [5]. From this study, GP showed better performance than NN in the various levels of problem difficulty. GP also provided robustness to untrained data, which caused difficulties in the case of the NN.
Casein Kinase II and Calcineurin Modulate TRPP Function and Ciliary Localization

Cilia serve as sensory devices in a diversity of organisms and their defects contribute to many human diseases. In primary cilia of kidney cells, the transient receptor potential polycystin (TRPP) channels polycystin-1 (PC-1) and polycystin-2 (PC-2) act as a mechanosensitive channel, with defects resulting in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. In sensory cilia of Caenorhabditis elegans male-specific neurons, the TRPPs LOV-1 and PKD-2 are required for mating behavior. The mechanisms regulating TRPP ciliary localization and function are largely unknown. We identified the regulatory subunit of the serine-threonine casein kinase II (CK2) as a binding partner of LOV-1 and human PC-1. CK2 and the calcineurin phosphatase TAX-6 modulate male mating behavior and PKD-2 ciliary localization. The phospho-defective mutant PKD-2S534A localizes to cilia, whereas a phospho-mimetic PKD-2S534D mutant is largely absent from cilia. Calcineurin is required for PKD-2 ciliary localization, but is not essential for ciliary gene expression, ciliogenesis, or localization of cilium structural components. This unanticipated function of calcineurin may be important for regulating ciliary protein localization. A dynamic phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle may represent a mechanism for modulating TRPP activity, cellular sensation, and ciliary protein localization.
Mechanical Properties of Simulated Deep Permafrost

Exxon Production Research Co. evaluated the viscoelastic and yield properties of simulated deep permafrost from creep tests on frozen and unfrozen 20-40 mesh sand. Overburden pressure associated with deep permafrost was imposed on the samples by freezing under constant confining pressure and maintaining this pressure during the tests. The results showed that both thawed and frozen simulated permafrost behaved as a delayed elastic material before yield and as a coulomb plastic material after yield. The appropriate viscoelastic material constants were determined by correlating the test data with a mathematical model for the delayed elastic material. The results, together with Prudhoe Bay field test data, indicate that the creep response of deep permafrost, subject to loading and refreezing, is negligible in comparison to the elastic and yield response.
Mathematical modeling of preadipocyte fate determination

Abstract White adipose tissue is the major energy storage depot for neutral lipids and is also a key endocrine regulator of a host of homeostatic activities, including metabolism, feeding behaviors, cardiovascular functions and reproduction. Abnormal fat accretion in the setting of obesity can lead to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, and has been linked to some cancers and arteriosclerosis. Thus, a thorough appreciation of the intricate signaling events that must take place as quiescent adipocyte precursors are recruited into the proliferating cell population that then must ‘decide’ to differentiate into fully functional fat cells is critical to our understanding of diseases related to excess adipogenesis. We are beginning to gain insights into the molecular regulators of adipocyte differentiation. A significant advance would be to construct mathematical modeling tools that would assist cell biologists in predicting how environmental and/or intrinsic inputs could influence preadipocyte fate decision making. We have developed a model of how preadipocytes may use the dynamic interplay of two transcription factors, nuclear factor- κ B ( NF ‐ κ B ) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ (PPAR- γ ) in early proliferation and differentiation events in vitro. Critical to the model is the feedback signaling between NF ‐ κ B and its inhibitor, I κ B . The model is based on differential equations that describe the interactions of stimuli for NF ‐ κ B activation and mitogen concentrations and allows one to make predictions about how mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes choose between proliferation, differentiation or quiescence. Those predictions are supported by experiments on mouse 3T3-L1 cells.
Genetic Testing and Early Thyroidectomy for Inherited Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma

The recent identification of mutations in the RET proto-oncogene that are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) syndromes has allowed therapeutic intervention in affected individuals on the basis of direct genetic testing. The principal endocrine neoplasm that occurs in patients with the MEN 2 syndromes is medullary thyroid carcinoma. This thyroid neoplasm is the only consistently malignant feature of the MEN 2 syndromes and it is the most common cause of death in affected patients. Kindred members at risk for one of the MEN 2 syndromes can be studied by direct DNA analysis to determine whether they have inherited a RET mutation. Those with a positive test can be treated by early thyroidectomy and cured when the disease is microscopic and localized to the thyroid gland. Total thyroidectomy is performed as early as 5 years of age and is associated with minimal morbidity and virtually no mortality. Residual or persistent medullary thyroid carcinoma following thyroidectomy can best be determined by detecting increased levels of calcitonin following the administration of intravenous calcium gluconate and pentagastrin.
Enhancers: emerging roles in cell fate specification

Enhancers are regulatory DNA elements that dictate the spatial and temporal patterns of gene expression during development. Recent evidence suggests that the distinct chromatin features of enhancer regions provide the permissive landscape required for the differential access of diverse signalling molecules that drive cell-specific gene expression programmes. The epigenetic patterning of enhancers occurs before cell fate decisions, suggesting that the epigenetic information required for subsequent differentiation processes is embedded within the enhancer element. Lineage studies indicate that the patterning of enhancers might be regulated by the intricate interplay between DNA methylation status, the binding of specific transcription factors to enhancers and existing histone modifications. In this review, we present insights into the mechanisms of enhancer function, which might ultimately facilitate cell reprogramming strategies for use in regenerative medicine.
Topographically Controlled Flow Around a Deep Trough Transecting the Shelf off Kodiak Island, Alaska

Abstract Current measurements core the axis of a deep trough normal to the coast and from the adjacent shelf show that the mean flow is barotropic and follows depth contours, conserving potential vorticity, to form a cyclonic vortex or meander over the trough. The data are interpreted as an example of an inertial Taylor-Proudman column on the continental shelf. The scale of the topographic variations dominates the potential vorticity balance and a simple steady-state numerical model is in good agreement with the data when the vorticity balance approaches the limit U · BH = 0. Streamlines following isobaths converge over steeper topography and current speeds are nearly proportional to the local topographic gradient. Estimates from the data support this behavior and indicate that the ∼20 cm s−1 mean current around the trough is driven by a typical cross-shelf-averaged velocity scale of ∼5 cm s−1.
An Evidence-Based Approach to the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.

Importance Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is prevalent worldwide, particularly in developed countries. It is estimated that the prevalence of GERD in the United States is approximately 20% and that it is increasing because of the epidemic of obesity. Objective To review the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of GERD. Evidence Review A search of PubMed was conducted for the years spanning 1985 to 2015 and included the following terms: heartburn , regurgitation , dysphagia , gastroesophageal reflux disease , cough , aspiration , laryngitis , GERD , GORD , endoscopy , manometry , pH monitoring , proton pump inhibitors , open fundoplication , and laparoscopic fundoplication . Only articles in English were included. Findings Lifestyle modifications, proton pump inhibitors, and laparoscopic fundoplication are proven treatment modalities for GERD. Endoscopic procedures have not been proven as effective. A Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the procedure of choice when GERD and morbid obesity coexist. Conclusions and Relevance Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a highly prevalent disease. Once the diagnosis has been established, the best results are obtained by a multidisciplinary team with the goal of individualizing treatment for patients.
Management of Patients with Early-Stage Ovarian Cancer

Globally, the numbers of ovarian cancer are about 225,500 new cases and 140,200 deaths per year. In 2013, about 22,240 new cases of ovarian cancer will be diagnosed and 15,500 women will die of ovarian cancer in the USA. Early-stage ovarian cancer (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] stages I to IIA) is approximately 30 % of patients with ovarian cancer; the disease is restricted to the true pelvis when it is diagnosed. Palpation of an adnexal mass during a pelvic examination is essential for diagnosis of ovarian tumor and cancer. Performing pelvic high resolution ultrasound examination is a useful noninvasive diagnostic test. In addition, measurement of cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) is important as it was found to be elevated in greater than 80 % of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The standard primary treatment for epithelial ovarian cancer involves pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of carboplatin and paclitaxel. Systematic lymphadenectomy resection and pathological examination of retroperitoneal lymph nodes have clinical significance for accurate assessment of staging and prognosis. This procedure may involve resection of para-aortic lesions, and therefore it may increase surgical morbidity, such as increased operation time, increased blood loss, lymph cyst formation, and edema in the leg. The surgical approach for EOC could be through laparotomy, laparoscopy, or robot-assisted laparoscopy, which has the advantage of being safe, better visualization of the abdominal and pelvis organs, minimal blood loss, and short hospital stay. Following surgery, patients with early ovarian cancer—FIGO stages I to IIA, except stage IA, grade 1—benefit from three to six cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy, in terms of both overall survival. Fertility-sparing surgery (FSS) for women of childbearing age with early-stage ovarian cancer is a desirable alternative to more radical approach. In addition, preservation of the adnexa and uterus is recommended in patients with non-epithelial tumors and epithelial borderline ovarian cancer.
App-enabled trial participation: Tectonic shift or tepid rumble?

Apple’s Chief Operating Officer, Jeff Williams, surprised crowds at the spring launch when he revealed “ResearchKit,” a collection of iPhone apps designed to allow individuals to collect their clinical data—and contribute to the precision medicine movement—outside the confines of hospitals
John kennedy and the tarahumara

John G. Kennedy’s studies of the Tarahumara Indians of Chihuahua in northern Mexico stand as landmark contributions to North American ethnology generally, and to the fine-grained ethnography ofthe indigenous peoples of Mexico in particular. At a time when most American anthropologists interested in Mexico were setting their sights farther south, traveling to the heavily indigenous regions of Chiapas and Oaxaca, John instead distinguished himselfby working in northern Mexico among one ofthe most populous but “least accultural ted” and little studied peoples on the continent. The Tarahumara, or Raramuri as they call themselves in their own language, are a Uto-Aztecan speaking people inhabiting about 35,000 square kilometers in some ofthe most spectacularly corrugated landscape in the world, including a network of chasms four times the size ofthe Grand Canyon in Arizona, and in places over a thousand feet deeper. The area, known locally as the Sierra Tarahumara, is located in the Sierra Madre Occidental, the rugged spine of northwest Mexico. Today, the area is still a rugged and largely roadless region. When John undertook his pioneering fieldwork there in the late 1950s, it was even more so.
Vacuum Heating vs. Resonance Absorption in the Solid to Plasma Transition of fs-Laser-Irradiated Iron and Aluminum

Femtosecond reflectivity measurements on Fe and Al targets provide evidence for the vacuum heating absorption mechanism. The effect occurs for obliquely incident laser pulses polarized in the plane of incidence at intensities above 1014 W/cm2. The electron oscillation normal to the surface leads to this widely predicted absorption effect, whose first experimental observation is reported in the current work.
Study of Li 6 + C 12 Reactions

A comprehensive investigation of the ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}$ + ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$ reaction has been carried out for particle groups corresponding to the following states of the residual nuclei involved: 0.0, 0.871, 3.058, 3.846, and 4.551 MeV for ${0}^{17}$; 0.0, 6.05+6.13 (unresolved), 6.92+7.12, and 8.88 MeV for ${0}^{16}$; 0.0 MeV for ${0}^{15}$; and 0.0, 3.945, and 4.91 + 5.10 MeV for ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$. Yield curves were measured for protons, deuterons, and $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles at laboratory angles of 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 40\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, at ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}$ bombarding energies from 5.6 to 14.0 MeV. Angular distributions were measured at 9.0, 10.0, 11.2, 12.0, 13.0, and 14.0 MeV for all of the above groups and from 5.6 to 6.6 MeV at 0.200-MeV intervals for most of the groups.A comparison has been made of the accumulated $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle data and two-mode plane-wave and single-mode distorted-wave direct-reaction models. The proton, deuteron, and $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle data were also compared with the statistical compound-nucleus model.
A Model for Scale of Operations

The problem is stated as, “How large a territory should be served by a warehouse to result in a minimum total cost for warehousing, trucking between plant and warehouses, and delivery from warehouse to customers?” A model of the problem is built around a measure of effectiveness and includes those variables which most appear to influence this measure of effectiveness. The coefficients in the model are chosen by multiple regression.
A new method for the analysis of component mono-, di-, and triglycerides.

A new micromethod is described for the determination of component mono-, di-, and triglycerides. The basic procedure involves ozonization of the double bonds and catalytic reduction of the ozonides followed by separation and quantification of the glyceryl residues by thin-layer chromatography. The potentialities of the method are demonstrated by the analysis of soybean oil and lard as well as standard mixtures of synthetic. mono-, di-, and triglycerides. Procedures for the analysis of the four monoglyceride types, six of the seven possible diglyceride types, and four of the six possible triglyceride types are demonstrated.
Passive control of thermoacoustic instabilities in swirl-stabilized combustion at elevated pressures:

In this study, a porous insert is placed at the dump plane of a swirl-stabilized lean premixed combustor to passively suppress thermoacoustic instabilities. The diffuser-shaped annular ring of poro...
Determination of synthetic pigment in shell of drugs and health foods by reversed-HPLC

Objective:Reversed high performance liquid chromatography method(RP-HPLC) was established to test 5 kinds synthetic pigment(lemon yellow,amaranth,ponceau 4R,sunset yellow,brilant bule) in shell of drugs and heath foods.Methods:Squeeze content in shell of drugs and health foods,washing shells by chloroform,dip in shells in water.Methanol and acetic ammonium were used mobile phase,method of gradient elute and change wavelength were used to analyse.Results:5 kinds synthetic pigment in shells of drugs and health foods were separated well.Recovery of 5 kinds synthetic pigment were 90.5%～102.81%.Conclusion:The proposed method was simple,sensitive.Recovery of 5 kinds synthetic pigment is satisfactory.The method is suitable for testing synthetic pigment in shells of drugs and health foods.
Realization and application of transformer substation automation test simulation system based on PLC module

The current transformer substation automation test is mainly for single measurement and control device,is not for automation system.So transformer substation automation test simulation system based on PLC module is proposed and the effective test for automation system is carried out.Firstly,this paper describes structure of automation system test and explains test simulation system's constitution.Then it carries on explanation to the simulation environment reality from two aspects of hardware and software.Secondly,it elaborates in detail how to use the test simulation system to simulate electrical network breakdown,to test performance of automation system.Lastly,this paper points out because the PLC system provides the user the development contact surface,it enables the test simulation system to have certain flexibility and the extendibility.
Educating for Eternity: Higher Education and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

The role and place of religion in institutions of higher education in America have largely disappeared except for institutions sponsored by religious organizations. Even here, questions are raised as to whether these religiously oriented colleges and universities can retain their religious identity in an increasingly secular society that is often hostile towards religion. The marginalization and even dismissal of religious worldviews in the public square make the survival of religious institutions of higher education even more critical in our efforts to educate the whole person. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints embraces the belief of a dualistic human nature. A holistic approach to education includes the spiritual with the secular, teaching and learning by faith and by reason. The Church sponsors four institutions of higher education: Brigham Young University, Brigham Young University”Hawaii, Brigham Young University”Idaho, and LDS Business College. The challenge for these four institutions of higher education with religious mission is how to integrate faith and knowledge, the sacred with the secular.
Fetal and Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia

Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia is characterized by the presence of transient isolated thrombocytopenia secondary to maternal antibodies against paternally inherited antigens expressed on the fetal platelet. Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia is the most common cause of severe thrombocytopenia ( in utero and perinatal intracranial hemorrhage with resulting long term neurological disability or death. Prompt investigation of thrombocytopenia is critical for management of the neonate and future pregnancies. Significant improvement in fetal/neonatal outcome has occurred with maternal treatment with intravenous immune globulin.
Adaptive Human-Robot Physical Interaction for Robot Coworkers

Abstract This chapter describes research that aims to develop theories, methods, and tools to understand the mechanisms of neuromotor adaptation in human-robot physical interaction. Human power-assisting systems, eg, powered lifting devices that aid human operators in manipulating heavy or bulky loads, require physical contact between the operator and machine, hence creating a coupled dynamic system. This coupling has been shown to be prone to inherent instabilities and performance degradation due to a change in human arm stiffness; when instability is encountered, a human operator often attempts to control the oscillation by stiffening their arm, which leads to a stiffer system with more instability. The goal of the research is to develop control algorithms for robot coworkers that adaptively adjust the contact impedance between the operator and robotic manipulator in order to achieve higher performance and stability. To this end, this chapter will discuss how to: (1) understand the association between neuromuscular adaptations and system performance limits, (2) develop probabilistic methods to classify and predict the transition of the operator's physical and/or cognitive states from physiological measurements, and (3) integrate this knowledge into a structure of shared human-robot control.
Intracranial Pressure Rescued by Decompressive Surgery after Traumatic Brain Injury

Hutchinson et al.1 report in the Journal the results of the Randomised Evaluation of Surgery with Craniectomy for Uncontrollable Elevation of Intracranial Pressure (RESCUEicp) trial, which compared decompressive craniectomy with continued medical management for refractory elevation of intracranial pressure after severe traumatic brain injury. Urgent treatment of patients with such an injury focuses on minimizing secondary brain injury, particularly from increased intracranial pressure. When common medical interventions fail to control intracranial pressure, decompressive craniectomy to prevent herniation may be considered. This surgery addresses a physiological problem (refractory elevation of intracranial pressure) and has a proven benefit in the management of . . .
Is there a “lost world” of criminal investigation?

This article is a critical examination of current investigation textbooks. It argues that they, like urban government textbooks of years ago, are deficient in many ways. For instance it is asserted that in a number of respects current texts present an inaccurate depiction of the criminal investigation process. This comes about in a number of ways. For example, at least by implication, many texts appear to present an inaccurate portrayal of how investigators spend their time. Moreover, they also present a highly simplistic picture of both the inter- and intra-organizational context within which investigators must operate. In addition to these deficiencies, the texts under consideration are also guilty of over-emphasizing the role that criminalistics play in the investigative process, while at the same time under-emphasizing the role of informants. Furthermore, most texts put a heavy emphasis on describing the ideal investigator while ignoring the characteristics that actual investigators exhibit. Finally, it is suggested that because criminal investigation texts do not present typologies or categories of crime, the student is faced with a mass of facts that are difficult to learn and retain.
MISTRG extends PDX modeling to favorable AMLs.

In this issue of Blood , [Ellegast et al][1] demonstrate that MISTRG mice allow high-level, reproducible engraftment of favorable prognosis acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a group that has been recalcitrant to attempts to develop valuable preclinical patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models.[1][2] Over
Use of Gene Transfer in the Isolation of Cell Surface Receptor Genes

The study of cell surface receptors is essential for understanding means by which cells communicate with each other. In recent years, there has been a tremendous surge of interest in such molecules, in large part because several of them have been shown to be involved in regulation of cell growth. In particular, both the EGF and CSF-1 receptors have been shown to have oncogenic potential when expressed in altered form as viral oncogenes (1,2). Numerous cellular genes which encode cell surface receptors have been recently cloned, and studies using these genes are yielding valuable insight into mechanisms of cell activation and of cell-cell interaction. Most receptor genes have been isolated by conventional means involving protein purification and subsequent sequence determination. The receptors for epidermal growth factor (1), insulin (3), platelet-derived growth factor (4), and interleukin-2 (5) have been subjected to this approach. Other approaches have depended on enrichment of mRNA encoding the receptor; the low density lipoprotein receptor (6) and the T cell receptor (7) genes have been isolated by such means. We have employed an alternative approach which relies on DNA mediated gene transfer into mammalian cells and detection of the transfected gene product (Figure 1).
The Financial Burdens Of High-Deductible Plans

The increased prevalence of high-deductible health plans raises concerns regarding high financial burdens from health care, particularly for low-income adults.
638. Expression-Targeted Cancer Gene Therapy Using pran to Drive Caspase 3 Expression

Finding specific yet strong DNA control elements is the key component of securing the safety and efficacy of expression-targeted gene therapy treatments. One of barriers which limits the therapeutic success of the technology is that cancer-specific promoters, even through possessing excellent selectivity, are most often not strong enough. As a result, there remains a great need for identifying and developing cancer-specific promoters with targetable and robust activity.Based on a top-down algorithm, a panel of promoter candidates with both excellent specificity and strength was identified. Among those candidates, we found that the promoter of RAS-related Nuclear protein (pran) yielded excellent gene expression levels in cancer cell lines of breast, prostate, and ovarian origin, but was significantly less active in normal cells. The transfection efficacy of plasmids encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP), driven by the pran was up to 99.8% that of reporter plasmids driven by pcmv-driven positive controls. When compared to GFP-encoding plasmids driven by the human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (which is under investigation in clinical trials), pran yielded reporter intensities between 5- and 15-fold greater. In terms of targeting efficiency, GFP expression was highly restricted in normal cells, with no differences observed between pran and a promoterless control vector.The pran was next used to drive the expression of a bioactive exon – a constitutively active form of caspase 3, which induces apoptosis in expressing cells. Morphologic observations and viability assays both confirmed toxic effects of the delivered plasmids in cancer cells, with little, if any, effect in normal cells. Apoptosis was confirmed by caspase 3 detection assays. Cell viability was reduced by up to 60% after one treatment. Multiple treatments, however, are feasible with non-viral gene delivery vectors, and are under investigation in an in vivo model of transitional cell carcinoma.
The Posterior Approach

In 1962 the posterior approach to the removal of the first rib was proposed by Clagett [1] which he believed gave better access to its posterior end. It is a formidable operation based on thoracoplasty incisions with which the surgeons of the day were very familiar because of its use to treat pulmonary tuberculosis. The operation involved removal of the ribs in order to create a soft tissue collapse over the upper lobe of the lung to promote healing of the tuberculous process. That operation involves a long vertical posterior incision that divides the trapezius, the seratus, and the rhomboid muscles with retraction of the scapula laterally in order to expose the rib cage. Leffert [2] points out that, with respect to the thoracic outlet syndrome, this approach is very bloody and cuts through precisely those muscles one is trying to rehabilitate. Urschel [3] recommended it be used only when an inadequately resected portion of the first rib remains after previous attempt to relieve recurrent symptoms.
Choice of chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal.

4060 Background: Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) of the anal canal is an uncommon malignancy with no standard approach. The reported median overall survival (OS) is 9-12 months (M) follow...
Toward Understanding the Dark Side Effects of Process Control in Franchising: An Abstract

The successful operation of a firm’s franchised channels requires that all franchisees in the system present a uniform product image and refrain from damaging the brand. Process control – franchisor control over franchisee activities, procedures, and behaviors – is one way in which franchisors can ensure that franchisees protect and enhance the brand. A recent meta-analysis revealed that process control can have dark side effects (i.e., a franchisor’s process control increases, rather than dampens, franchisee opportunism) (Crosno and Brown 2015). One possible reason for this effect is that franchisees view franchisor process control as being unfair and, therefore, respond negatively to process control (Husted and Folger 2004).
Re-collecting old media: The intimate transmissions of Amachan

Amachan was shown as a serialised morning drama on Japan’s Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK) network between April and September 2013. New episodes played 6 days a week, with each instalment running 15 minu...
Racial/ethnic differences in rates of complex cataract surgery among United States Medicare beneficiaries.

Purpose To determine racial/ethnic differences in rates of complex cataract surgery among United States Medicare beneficiaries. Setting Departments of Ophthalmology and Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Design Retrospective case series. Methods The U.S. Medicare 5% Limited Data Set, representing a 5% sample of over 28 million fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries predominantly aged 65 years and older, were analyzed for rates of complex cataract surgery (Current Procedural Terminology [CPT] code 66982) among all beneficiaries who had cataract surgery (CPT codes 66982, 66984), stratified by race/ethnicity between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2014. Associations were tested by using multivariate regression analysis. Results Data from approximately 1 087 680 Medicare beneficiaries were analyzed. After adjustment for age and sex, the likelihood of complex cataract surgery was significantly higher in African Americans (odds ratio [OR], 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.75-2.08), Asians (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.34-1.85), and Hispanics (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.18-1.71) than in whites among fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries. Complex cataract surgery was more likely in men (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.73-1.92) than in women, and the likelihood of complex cataract surgery increased in the elderly, with beneficiaries older than 84 years more likely to have complex surgery (OR, 2.68, 95% CI, 2.45-2.93) than beneficiaries aged 65 to 69 years. Conclusion There were racial/ethnic differences in the likelihood of complex cataract surgery among fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries; racial/ethnic minorities (Hispanics, Asians, and African Americans) were 42% to 90% more likely to have complex cataract surgery than whites.
Effect of Antiplatelet Therapy on Surgical Blood Loss and Post-Pancreatectomy Hemorrhage in Patients Undergoing Pancreaticoduodenectomy

AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility and safety of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in patients with preoperative antiplatelet therapy (APT) for arterial thromboembolic risks. METHODS: Consecutive 100 patients receiving PD at our institution between 2005 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. APT was regularly used in 31 patients (31%) in this series. Our perioperative management (“Kokura Protocol”) included maintenance of preoperative aspirin monotherapy and early postoperative reinstitution in patients at high thromboembolic risks. Outcome variables of patients with APT (APT group) were compared with those of patients without APT. RESULTS: This series included 31 pancreatic cancer, 27 bile duct cancer, 19 ampullary cancer, 13 intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, and 10 others. In APT group, 18 (18%) required preoperative continuation of APT. APT group showed significantly high frequency of history of cerebral infarction and percutaneous coronary intervention. Totally 18 significant pancreatic fistulas (grade B,C, 18%) were observed but no perioperative death was experienced. There was only 1 thromboembolic event (1.0%, cerebral infarction) in a whole cohort, whereas increased surgical blood loss (≥ 1,000 mL) and post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH) occurred in 11 (11%) and 6 (6.0%, totally grade B), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that high body mass index (≥ 30 kg/m2) is the only significant risk factor for both increased blood loss and PPH (risk ratio = 13.64 and 27.27, p < 0.05), whereas either APT or preoperative aspirin continuation did not affect perioperative bleeding complications. CONCLUSION: Even in APT-burdened patients with arterial thromboembolic risks, PD is safely performed under the Kokura Protocol without any increase of blood loss and PPH, although this patient population is still challenging and should be rigorously managed to prevent both bleeding and thromboembolic complications.
Efficacy of Dextromethorphan/Quinidine for Patients With Psychosis-Related Aggression: A Retrospective Case Series.

Background Treatment-resistant aggressive behavior is a complex psychoneurological phenomenon with high health care and societal costs commonly observed in mental illnesses involving psychosis. Here, we report a preliminary evaluation of treatment with dextromethorphan/quinidine in 4 adult patients with significant history of psychosis-related aggression and impulsive behaviors. Methods The files of 4 inpatients with DSM-5-defined psychotic disorder and treatment-resistant aggression treated at the Oregon State Hospital (Salem, Oregon) between June and November of 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients (age: mean ± SD = 59.8 ± 7.6) received open-label treatment with dextromethorphan/quinidine (final dose 20 mg/10 mg twice daily) for at least 12 weeks. Outcome was measured on the basis of patient self-report, treatment team evaluation, and physical examination by psychiatrists and primary care physicians. Results Three of the 4 patients were considered responders to dextromethorphan/quinidine based on clinical impressions of reduction in aggression and impulsive behavior. The nonresponder, who had a history of multiple traumatic brain injuries, showed mild improvement in agitation but continued to display impulsive self-harm behavior despite treatment. Dextromethorphan/quinidine was generally well-tolerated. No metabolic, gastrointestinal, or cardiovascular side effects were observed. Conclusions These preliminary findings support dextromethorphan/quinidine as a potential alternative to conventional regimens for treating aggression and impulsive behavior in patients with psychotic disorder. These results should be interpreted cautiously, as extended, double-blinded, placebo-controlled studies with a larger sample size are needed to validate findings from this retrospective case series.
FDG PET/CT outperforms diagnostic CT in the initial staging of non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in pediatric patients

641 Objectives This study was to assess the role of FDG PET/CT in the initial staging of NHL in pediatric patients. Methods Materials and methods: Fifteen patients (average age: 14.1 years old) had FDG PET/CT at diagnosis with a diagnostic contrast CT within a week of PET/CT prior to any therapy were included in this retrospective study. The findings of PET/CT were correlated with diagnostic contrast CT for evaluating 16 nodal and 4 extranodal (lung, spleen, liver, and bone marrow) regions per patient for presence of NHL. Results Per lesion analysis showed that PET/CT and diagnostic CT were concordant in 57.6% of the lesions. Fifty seven disease sites were detected by PET/CT of which 18 were overlooked by diagnostic contrast CT. On the CT part, 49 disease sites were identified, of which 7 were negative on PET/CT imaging. Five patients were upstaged using PET/CT as compared to diagnostic CT (two from stage I to IV; two from stage II to IV; and one stage II case on PET/CT but was negative on diagnostic CT). Among the five patients upstaged by PET/CT, three had bone marrow lesions and one had liver involvement detected only by PET/CT, and another patient had positive mediastinal /hilar nodes and spleen involvement on PET/CT but these regions were within normal limits on diagnostic CT scan. Conclusions PET/CT outperformed diagnostic CT imaging in the initial staging of NHL in pediatric population (especially in detecting bone marrow lesions) with upstaging in one-third of all patients included in our investigation.
Physical Activity and Anthropometric Factors

Physical activity and certain anthropometric factors have been proposed as independent risk factors for breast cancer. Increased physical activity appears to be associated with decreased breast cancer risk, and this association is independent of the influence of anthropometric factors on risk. Conversely, anthropometric factors such as body mass index (BMI), weight change, and height appear to have effects on breast cancer risk that are independent of physical activity. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) published a systematic review of the available epidemiologic literature on physical activity and weight control and concluded that sufficient evidence exists that physical activity lowers breast cancer risk and that among postmenopausal women, weight gain increases risk (IARC 2002). These findings have been confirmed in another recently published monograph (WCRF/AICR 2007). In this chapter, we first review some of the epidemiological literature linking physical activity to breast cancer risk. We then consider the literature surrounding the relationship between anthropometric factors and breast cancer risk. Finally, we discuss possible mechanistic pathways which may mediate these relationships.
Teaching sustainable management of renewable resources

Since 1983 we have experimented with a variety of gaming formats in our effort to produce a powerful game-based teaching technology that will give senior public officials insights and principles, or heuristics, that will help them deal more effectively with a set of basic problems observed in resource and environmental systems of many countries. Our goal is to address the so-called universal problems, those that manifest themselves to some extent in most regions of the world and can be addressed locally. Examples would be soil erosion, inflation, deforestation, AIDS, and urban decay. These may be contrasted with the so-called global problems which are also observed in most regions of the world but which require concerted, international action for their solution. Marine pollution, the arms race, acid rain, and ozone depletion are examples.
Methods in Basic Laboratory Immunology - Workshop Summary

As part of a post congress program for the International Congress of the RES a “traveling” workshop devoted to laboratory aspects of basic immunology was presented. By means of such a workshop a forum was provided for a free and searching discussion of current methodologies concerning the involvement of the RE System in various aspects of immunity, including resistance to infectious agents, tumors, etc. Participants in this Workshop were those attending the Congress who wished to participate in the three day tour of the “Basque Country” of Northern Spain. Fifty participants of the Congress, including spouses and family participated in the three day tour, which included visits to several exciting cities in Northern Spain. Each morning the scientific participants had a “round table” discussion of various aspects of laboratory immunology. In addition, one evening session was held and many of the discussions continued on the bus and during meals.
Effect of dose and exposure protocol on the toxicokinetics and first-pass elimination of trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane

Abstract Trichloroethylene (TCE) and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TRI) are frequent contaminants of drinking water and of groundwater at hazardous waste sites. There is relatively little information on the target organ deposition of TRI, despite its ingestion and common occurrence in humans. An important aim of the study was to delineate and contrast the toxicokinetics (TK) and bioavailability (F) of TRI and its well metabolized congener, TCE. Blood profiles were obtained from male Sprague-Dawley rats given aqueous emulsions of 6 or 48 mg TRI/kg and 10 or 50 mg TCE/kg as an oral bolus (po) or by gastric infusion (gi) over 2 h. TCE exhibited nonlinear TK, with a disproportionate increase in AUC and decrease in clearance and F with increase in dose. TRI exhibited linear TK. F did not vary significantly with TRI dose or dosage regimen. F values were substantially higher for TRI than for the respective TCE groups. TRI was distributed widely to tissues of rats gavaged with 6 mg TRI/kg, with accumulation in fat. This experiment yielded tissue uptake and elimination profiles and in vivo tissue:blood partition coefficients (PCs). Finally, additional rats were given 10 mg/kg of TCE and TRI po, ia and iv, so that first-pass hepatic (FPh) and pulmonary (FPp) elimination could be measured directly. Total and FPh elimination of TCE exceeded that of TRI. TRI, with its higher air:blood PC, exhibited the higher FPp. TCE and TRI, despite several common physical and chemical properties resulting in similar absorption and systemic distribution, displayed dissimilar dosage and dose rate effects on their TK.
UAS-Based Antenna Pattern Measurements and Radar Characterization

This paper presents an update of the current in-situ antenna characterization and calibration of a radar system using an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) developed by the Advanced Radar Research Center (ARRC) at The University of Oklahoma. A large multirotor platform was customized for long endurance (~ 30 minutes), high positioning accuracy (< 3cm), and high stability, and was integrated with a high precision 3-axis gimbal that holds an antenna array and pulse generator-transmitter. The platform was designed to support measurements from 2 GHz to 10 GHz, however, the current setup described in this article includes an S-band array probe of 3×3 elements. The RF probe beamwidth was optimized to minimize reflections from the UAS frame and to provide accurate antenna measurements in flight conditions.
Atrazine residues in flooded and nonflooded soil and effects on soybean

Atrazine applied at planting is commonly used for weed control in corn. With global climate change causing an increase in river flooding in the United States over the past decade, producers need information to determine the best course of action in flooded fields treated with atrazine into which they wish to immediately plant soybean. Studies were designed to understand the effect of flooding on atrazine residual activity including atrazine concentration, soybean injury, and soybean yield. In 2012, soybean yield in flooded treatments was reduced by prior atrazine application. In 2014, soybean injury was <10% in all plots, and nonflooded, atrazine-treated soils had yields equal to the nontreated. Findings from this research indicated that it is possible for producers to consider replanting soybean after atrazine application, with appropriate changes to product labeling.
A defined N6-methyladenosine (m 6 A) profile conferred by METTL3 regulates muscle stem cell/myoblast state transitions.

Muscle-specific adult stem cells (MuSCs) are required for skeletal muscle regeneration. To ensure efficient skeletal muscle regeneration after injury, MuSCs must undergo state transitions as they are activated from quiescence, give rise to a population of proliferating myoblasts, and continue either to terminal differentiation, to repair or replace damaged myofibers, or self-renewal to repopulate the quiescent population. Changes in MuSC/myoblast state are accompanied by dramatic shifts in their transcriptional profile. Previous reports in other adult stem cell systems have identified alterations in the most abundant internal mRNA modification, N6-methyladenosine (m6A), conferred by its active writer, METTL3, to regulate cell state transitions through alterations in the transcriptional profile of these cells. Our objective was to determine if m6A-modification deposition via METTL3 is a regulator of MuSC/myoblast state transitions in vitro and in vivo. Using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry we identified that global m6A levels increase during the early stages of skeletal muscle regeneration, in vivo, and decline when C2C12 myoblasts transition from proliferation to differentiation, in vitro. Using m6A-specific RNA-sequencing (MeRIP-seq), a distinct profile of m6A-modification was identified, distinguishing proliferating from differentiating C2C12 myoblasts. RNAi studies show that reducing levels of METTL3, the active m6A methyltransferase, reduced global m6A levels and forced C2C12 myoblasts to prematurely differentiate. Reducing levels of METTL3 in primary mouse MuSCs prior to transplantation enhanced their engraftment capacity upon primary transplantation, however their capacity for serial transplantation was lost. In conclusion, METTL3 regulates m6A levels in MuSCs/myoblasts and controls the transition of MuSCs/myoblasts to different cell states. Furthermore, the first transcriptome wide map of m6A-modifications in proliferating and differentiating C2C12 myoblasts is provided and reveals a number of genes that may regulate MuSC/myoblast state transitions which had not been previously identified.
Reimagining Curriculum Leadership During a Pandemic: A Deleuzo-Guattarian Thought Experiment

This essay details ways in which curriculum leaders can critically engage with contemporary needs to produce a “becoming-curriculum”—with lines of flight breaking free from prescriptive, reductive triangulations—by opening curriculum to present and future (rather than past) realities. Evolutionary theory, the work of Deleuze and Guattari, and culturally responsive leadership can help to reconceptualize curriculum studies and community-based education. As we prepare students for an unknowable future, how can we better care for the actual students and communities in front of us rather than the potential lives of abstract, future adults?
Do Obese Breast Cancer Patients Have More Complications and a Longer Length of Stay After Mastectomy Than Nonobese Patients

BackgroundWhile obesity is thought to increase complication rates in general surgery procedures, its effect in mastectomy patients remains to be fully elucidated. We sought to determine if obesity ...
Visceral lymphangiomatosis of the spleen and adrenal gland: a rare presentation:

Visceral lymphangiomatosis may occur as a benign isolated entity or as a manifestation of a systemic disorder. Multifocal involvement is exceedingly rare, with gradations ranging from extreme invol...