cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nightmarket workshops: art & science in action

During the past three years in Taiwan, we organized a series of Nightmarket Workshops to investigate Taiwanese sociocultural phenomena, and to provide cross-disciplinary environments for college students and practitioners to create interactive art pieces. In this process, we were intrigued by how the collaboration of art and science in the context of the nightmarket can deeply engage people in participatory ways of designing, demonstrating, and exhibiting. We present a 10-minute documentary film to illustrate the experience in which we see art and science in action.
Arab Students' Attitudes Toward and Amount of Social Contact With Americans: A Causal Process Analysis of Cross-Sectional Data

The relationship between attitudes toward Americans and social contact with Americans was studied in a sample of Saudi Arabian students attending an American university. A causal process analysis and path analysis showed that a desire for contact significantly mediated the relationship between attitude and contact, consistent with an attitude-to-contact causal direction and social-psychological approaches that focus on the impact of attitudes on behavior. Social contact, however, was not significantly mediated by understanding of the host country. The contact hypothesis that social contact causes attitude change was not supported.
The application of program-proving techniques to the verification of synchronization processes

The purpose of this paper is to establish the applicability of program-proving techniques to the verification of operating systems, control programs and synchronization programs. All the illustrative examples to be presented use Dijkstra's P and V operations for controlling the synchronization of competing processes. However, the techniques discussed are applicable to any set of such control primitives. A major portion of the paper is devoted to the proof of correctness of two programs devised by Courtois et al. that control the sequencing of "readers" and "writers" requesting the use of a common device.
Characterization of Escherichia coli d-Cycloserine Transport and Resistant Mutants

d-Cycloserine (DCS) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits d-alanine ligase and alanine racemase activity. When Escherichia coli K-12 or CFT073 is grown in minimal glucose or glycerol medium, CycA transports DCS into the cell. E. coli K-12 cycA and CFT073 cycA mutant strains display increased DCS resistance when grown in minimal medium. However, the cycA mutants exhibit no change in DCS sensitivity compared to their parental strains when grown in LB (CFT073 and K-12) or human urine (CFT073 only). These data suggest that cycA does not participate in DCS sensitivity when strains are grown in a non-minimal medium. The small RNA GvcB acts as a negative regulator of E. coli K-12 cycA expression when grown in LB. Three E. coli K-12 gcvB mutant strains failed to demonstrate a change in DCS sensitivity when grown in LB. This further suggests a limited role for cycA in DCS sensitivity. To aid in the identification of E. coli genes involved in DCS sensitivity when grown on complex media, the Keio K-12 mutant collection was screened for DCS-resistant strains. dadA, pnp, ubiE, ubiF, ubiG, ubiH, and ubiX mutant strains showed elevated DCS resistance. The phenotypes associated with these mutants were used to further define three previously characterized E. coli DCS-resistant strains (χ316, χ444, and χ453) isolated by Curtiss and colleagues (R. Curtiss, III, L. J. Charamella, C. M. Berg, and P. E. Harris, J. Bacteriol. 90:1238-1250, 1965). A dadA mutation was identified in both χ444 and χ453. In addition, results are presented that indicate for the first time that DCS can antagonize d-amino acid dehydrogenase (DadA) activity.
Dynamics of dissipative quantum Hall edges

We examine the influence of the edge electronic density profile and of dissipation on edge magnetoplasmons in the quantum Hall regime, in a semiclassical calculation. The equilibrium electron density on the edge, obtained using a Thomas-Fermi approach, has incompressible stripes produced by energy gaps responsible for the quantum Hall effect. We find that these stripes have an unobservably small effect on the edge magnetoplasmons. But dissipation, included phenomenologically in the local conductivity, proves to produce significant oscillations in the strength and speed of edge magnetoplasmons in the quantum Hall regime.
Reading the report cards: What do “state of achievement” reports tell us about American education? — review essay

Abstract This is a review essay of the five most recent “State of Achievement” reports on the quality of non-higher education published by the Educational Testing Service. The author finds that the value of these reports leave something to be desired. There seems to be negative bias. Standards of success may be too perfectionistic. Presentation of findings, mean scores one variable at a time, is not very instructive. Apparent poor results for U.S. children compared with children in other nations are suspect due to faulty sampling procedures and simplistic reporting methodology. Upon adjusting the ETS data for dropouts. the author finds that American schools fall into three categories, one highly successful (little discussed by ETS), one disastrously unsuccessful, and one in between. Many problems may be social, not educational. Some suggstions are made for possible reforms to such data collection efforts.
The pursuit of happiness: a review of ‘Buddha's Brain’

Buddha's Brain: The Practical Neuroscience of Happiness, Love & Wisdom by Rick Hanson and Richard Mendius, Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, Inc., 2009, 251 pp., US$17.95 (paperback), ISBN 9...
Effects of Collaborative Teacher Education: Follow-up of Graduates of a Celeste R. Rossetto Judith K. Grosenick Teacher Induction Program

Rossetto and Grosenick investigated the perceptions of graduates of an induction program in teacher education. Program graduates from the past 13 years were surveyed regarding training received as part of an on-the-job preparation pro gram conducted jointly by selected school districts and the University of Oregon. Results indicate that the major ity of graduates continued careers in education after program completion. Graduates rated program objectives as having been attained. The opportunity to pursue full-time teaching while ex tending professional education was the primary motivator for participating in the induction program.
Microstructural Evolution of Epitaxial MgAl 2 O 4 Thin Films Derived From Metal Nitrates and From Metal Alkoxides

Magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) is a potential dielectric material in Ba2Cu3O7-x (BYC) devices. In the present study, epitaxial MgAl2O4 films were deposited on (100) SrTiO3 single crystal substrates by pyrolysis of chemical precursors. Two precursors were used: one was a mixed nitrate precursor, and the other was MgAl2(OC3H7)8. Crystallization of MgAl2O4 on lattice-matched substrates is observed at 700°C. The average surface roughness of these MgAl2O4 films is about 6A. These chemically-derived MgAl2O4 films have demonstrated the potential for planarization by metalorganic deposition. The relationship between the processing parameters and the surface morphology of these MgAl2O4 films will be discussed.
Design and analysis considerations in small angle neutron scattering

Abstract Corrections are described for electron screening of the nuclear Coulomb field, for the finite areas of scatterer and detector, and for multiple scattering from samples of rectangular shape.
Below-Equilibrium DNA Topology Simplification by Type II Topoisomerases can be Explained by DNA Linking Number-Dependent Binding Affinity

Topoisomerases modify and regulate the topology of cellular DNA and are essential for successful cell division and other DNA metabolism processes. Type I topoisomerases are ATP-independent and cut one strand of DNA in order to relax supercoils. Type II topoisomerases are ATP-dependent and pass a duplex DNA segment through a transient double-stranded cut in a second DNA segment to change levels of supercoils, knots, or catenanes. Whereas type I topoisomerases simplify DNA topology towards thermal equilibrium, type II enzymes can simplify DNA topology to levels below thermal equilibrium. This obeys thermodynamic laws because ATP is hydrolyzed in the process, but the mechanism by which type II topoisomerases acting on the nanometer scale are able to detect and simplify the global topology of DNA on a much larger scale is not yet known. We propose and test a model to explain non-equilibrium topology simplification by type II topoisomerases in which the enzyme affinity increases in proportion with the DNA linking number. E. Coli Topo IV has a higher binding affinity for negatively supercoiled DNA than for relaxed DNA, but the general relationship between linking number and affinity has not been established for type II topoisomerases. To determine the linking number dependent-binding affinity and to test the validity of the proposed model, we developed a method to measure the relative biding affinity of type II topoisomerases to different DNA topoisomers. The results of these measurements, in conjunction with computer simulations, permit a sensitive test of the proposed non-equilibrium topology simplification model.
A Comparison of Total Phosphorus, Chlorophyll a, and Zooplankton in Embayment, Nearshore, and Offshore Habitats of Lake Ontario

Abstract Lower trophic levels were compared in embayment, nearshore, and offshore habitats of Lake Ontario, 1995 to 1997, in the context of oligotrophication and invasion of dreissenid mussels. Total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll a (chl a ), Secchi disk depth, temperature, and zooplankton were measured to spatially and temporally contrast these habitats and to test for recently hypothesized “decoupling” of chl a from TP (lower than predicted chl a per unit TP, consistent with dreissenid mussel grazing). The embayment habitat had higher concentrations of TP and chl a , greater volumetric zooplankton density and biomass, and higher springtime water temperatures than both nearshore and offshore habitats, while overall areal zooplankton biomass was highest in the offshore. Furthermore, concentrations of TP and volumetric zooplankton density in nearshore habitats are now more similar to the offshore pelagia than they were three decades ago. Finally, a lower yield of chl a per unit TP was found in nearshore habitat compared to offshore and embayment habitats. The current lower yield of chl a per unit TP in nearshore habitat can be attributed more to Dreissena than to erosion and/or resuspension of sediments.
Decomposing Promotion Effects with a Dynamic Structural Model of Flexible Consumption

In this article, the authors offer a methodology to decompose the effects of price promotions into brand switching, stockpiling, and change in consumption by explicitly allowing for consumer heterogeneity in brand preferences and consumption needs. They develop a dynamic structural model of a household that decides when, what, and how much to buy, as well as how much to consume, to maximize its expected utility over an infinite horizon. By making certain simplifying assumptions, the authors reduce the dimensionality of the problem. They estimate the proposed model using household purchase data in the canned tuna and paper towels categories. The results from the model offer insights into the decomposition of promotional effects into its components. This could help managers make inferences about which brand’s sales are more responsive to stockpiling or increase in consumption expansion and how temporary price cuts affect future sales. Contrary to previous literature, the authors find that brand switching is not the dominant force for the increase in sales. They show that brand-loyal consumers respond to a price promotion mainly by stockpiling for future consumption, whereas brand switchers do not stockpile at all. The authors also find that heavy users stockpile more, whereas light users mainly increase consumption when there is a price promotion.
Multistage melange formation in the Franciscan Complex, northernmost California

Matrix induration and deformation style denote relative time and process of melange origin related to subduction. Mappable melange units contain chiefly blocks of greenstone, chert, and graywacke dispersed in weakly indurated argillite. Emplacement of these units as olistostromes is indicated by depositional contacts and lateral inter-tonguing with turbidites. Some blocks in sheared olistostromes are in themselves complexly mixed. These include breccias of gabbro, plagiogranite, diabase, basalt, tuff, chert, graywacke, and argillite variously combined and brittlely deformed. Blocks of intercalated tuff and argillite and of diamictite containing rounded clasts of tuff, chert, and graywacke dispersed in highly indurated, foliated argillite exhibit primary ductile and secondary brittle deformation. All block material was indurated, brecciated, and/or foliated during underplating at the base of a trench slope and later uplifted to provide olistostrome detritus. The Elk Head and Klamath coast terranes are highly indurated and compositionally similar to the mixed-lithology blocks in olistostromes. They are interpreted to form an accretionary prism consisting of tectonic melange slabs separating slope-basin rocks.
Adaptive Detection Of Targets In Laser Speckle Noise

This paper analyzes the detection process for targets in laser speckle noise using results from classical detection and estimation theory. The analysis is applied to the real problem of an airborne laser radar system looking down at targets on the ground. An optimum strategy for adaptive signal processing is described and graphical results are presented to facilitate laser radar system design.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Nonlinear control design for slightly non-minimum phase systems: application to V/STOL aircraft

The paper describes the application of techniques of exact I/O linearization of nonlinear control systems to the flight control of V/STOL aircraft. It is seen that the application of the theory to this example is not straightforward; in particular, the direct application of the theory yielded an undesirable controller. The situation was remedied by neglecting the coupling between the rolling moment input to the aircraft dynamics and the dynamics along the y-axis. An approximate I/O linearization procedure developed for slightly nonminimum phase nonlinear systems is shown to be effective for V/STOL aircraft.
Evidence for Fetal Antigen in Human Sarcoma

A common antigen (S(2)), initially thought to be uniquely associated with human sarcomas, has been found to be widely distributed in patients with other tumors as well. Absorption studies with human embryonic tissues suggest that S(2) may be a fetal antigen. The presence of antibody to S(2) in patients with tumors and in their relatives implies a propensity in these individuals for cellular dedifferentiation which may be a prerequisite for malignant transformation.
Quantitative Regional Cerebral Blood Flow MRI of Animal Model of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) has been widely used as an animal model for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), a developmental disorder that affects 3–5% of school-age children. Quantitative high-resolution (180 × 180 × 1500 μm) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging was performed to evaluate regional CBF in AD/HD rats (SHR, n = 7) and control Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY, n = 9) in the frontal cortex, motor cortex, sensory cortex, corpus callosum, hippocampus, thalamus, globus pallidus, caudoputamen and whole brain. The accuracy of repeated cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements within animals in these brain regions ranged from 3% to 10% (7 repeated measures) and across animals ranged from 15% to 18% (n = 7 rats), respectively, indicating highly accurate and reproducible CBF measurements. Regional CBF of the SHR were statistically different from those of the WKY rats in all structures analyzed (P
Chaotic Oscillations of Tropical Climate: A Dynamic System Theory for ENSO.

Abstract Based on first principles, a theoretical model for El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is derived that consists of prognostic equations for sea surface temperature (SST) and for thermocline variation. Considering only the large-scale, equatorially symmetric, standing basin mode yields a minimum dynamic system that highlights the cyclic, chaotic, and season-dependent evolution of ENSO. For a steady annual mean basic state, the dynamic system exhibits a unique limit cycle solution for a fairly restricted range of air-sea coupling. The limit cycle is a stable attractor and represents an intrinsic interannual oscillation of the coupled system. The deepening (rising) of the thermocline in the eastern (western) Pacific leads eastern Pacific warming by a small fraction of the cycle, which agrees well with observation and plays a critical role in sustaining the oscillation. When the nonlinear growth of SST anomalies reaches a critical amplitude, the delayed response of thermocline adjustment provides a n...
Parallel pump susceptibility of YIG under CW drive conditions

Abstract The parallel pump susceptibility, X″, of YIG has been measured versus the level and duration of applied rf power. Unlike previously reported data taken by the pulse technique, X″ increases at the higher drive levels.
In vitro activities of mutant prevention concentration-targeted concentrations of fluoroquinolones against Staphylococcus aureus in a pharmacodynamic model

To test the validity of the mutant selection window, we simulated mutant prevention concentration-targeted fluoroquinolone concentrations using an in vitro model with infected fibrin clots. Therapeutic ciprofloxacin (peak 5 microg/mL; t(1/2) 4 h), gatifloxacin (3.5 microg/mL; 8h), gemifloxacin (1.25 microg/mL; 8 h), levofloxacin (6 microg/mL; 6 h) and moxifloxacin (4.5 microg/mL; 12 h) were tested against methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus, as were mutant prevention concentration (MPC)-targeted regimens achieving a trough of 1/4x or 2x MPC. MIC/MPC for MSSA K553 were 0.125/2, 0.03/0.125, 0.03/0.063, 0.125/1 and 0.015/0.25 microg/mL for ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, respectively. Corresponding values for MRSA 494 were 0.125/1, 0.063/0.125, 0.03/0.063, 0.125/0.5 and 0.063/0.125 microg/mL. All regimens produced efflux mutants of MSSA K553. For MRSA 494, therapeutic and 1/4x MPC levofloxacin regimens produced resistance, whereas only 1/4x MPC regimens of gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, and moxifloxacin produced resistance. All ciprofloxacin regimens produced resistance. Ciprofloxacin 1/4x MPC and therapeutic levofloxacin caused outgrowth of GrlA mutants (S80Y amino acid substitution); efflux mutants were isolated in all other cases. Overall, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, and moxifloxacin displayed a lesser propensity to select resistant isolates of S. aureus than ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. The mutant selection window premise appeared valid for MRSA only. Additional studies are necessary to define the applicability of the MPC.
The P3 auditory event-related brain potential indexes major personality traits.

Abstract Background: The amplitude of the auditory P3 event–related potential is reduced in patients with axes I and II disorders. Data regarding P3 amplitude and normal personality traits in healthy individuals have been inconsistent, however, although more extreme variants of dimensional traits such as neuroticism and extraversion are associated with psychiatric morbidity. Methods: Male subjects ( n = 18) recruited from the community completed the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, which consists of five scales: Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. P3 potentials were generated using an auditory discrimination paradigm to which a third, novel stimulus was added. Partial least squares analysis, a multivariate statistical procedure, was used to test the relationship, in both stimulus conditions, between P3 amplitude at six electrode sites and the five personality dimensions. Results: P3 amplitude across conditions and sites was positively related to Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness and negatively related to Neuroticism. Conclusions: Previous studies have shown that both reduced P3 amplitude and a high Neuroticism/low Extraversion–Openness–Agreeableness–Conscientiousness trait pattern are associated with the presence of, and risk for, substantial psychiatric morbidity. Our results suggest that processes indexed by auditory P3 amplitude are related to these broad personality dimensions in healthy individuals.
Incomplete Information, Task Assignment, and Managerial Control Systems

A firm typically assigns multiple tasks it must perform to either internal employees or outside vendors. This paper demonstrates the need to integrate a task assignment decision with the design of a managerial control system as each affects the other. An internal employee is distinguished from an outside supplier on four different informational dimensions: i at the time of contracting, the outside supplier has less information about the task environment more often than the internal employee; ii the principal observes the employee's information set more frequently than that of the supplier; iii the principal can exercise a greater control over information flow to the internal employee than to the outside supplier; and iv the principal may share the details of the outside supplier's contract with the internal employee but not vice versa. Under each of these four distinguishing dimensions, the principal is shown to outsource the upstream task and assign the downstream task to the internal employee more often than vice versa. Further, under the last two dimensions of the firm's boundary, the principal can eliminate inefficiencies arising from the agents' contracting with incomplete information by assigning the downstream task to the employee and not providing predecision information to him while assigning the upstream task to the supplier.
Conservative management of spontaneous rupture of kock orthotopic ileal reservoir

Reports of spontaneous rupture of continent urinary diversions are rare. Management of the reported cases has been solely by exploratory laparotomy with primary repair of the defect. We describe 2 cases of spontaneous rupture of an ileal reservoir successfully managed nonoperatively.
Combined gauge-mediated and anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking and conformal sequestering

Anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking in the context of 4D conformally sequestered models is combined with Poppitz-Trivedi D-type gauge-mediation. The implementation of the two mediation mechanisms naturally leads to visible soft masses at the same scale so that they can cooperatively solve the {mu} and flavor problems of weak scale supersymmetry, as well as the tachyonic-slepton problem of pure anomaly-mediation. The tools are developed in a modular fashion for more readily fitting into the general program of optimizing supersymmetric dynamics in hunting for the most attractive weak scale phenomenologies combined with Planck-scale plausibility.
Effect of delayed observations on bayesian decisions for binary data

A Bayesian decision rule for early termination of an experimental study of binary responses is presented. This early termination occurs when the predictive probability of reversing the decision when utilizing the delayed observations is small. The proposed approach utilizes Bayesian inferential tools such as Bayes factors and predictive distributions. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. Some guidelines are given to determine when the study should be terminated early and when the investigator should wait for delayed observations before making a conclusion.
Sonjo Bride‐Price and the Question of African “Wife Purchasex”1

IN THE years from 1929 to 1931 a lively controversy appeared in the pages of Man concerning the best term to use for designating the transfer of property that frequently takes place at African marriages. A number of Africanists contributed to this discussion,2 each suggesting a different term to indicate the function of the custom as he conceived it; but with one exception all agreed that "bride-price" was an undesirable term. In attacking "brideprice" these writers believed themselves to be correcting a view of African marriage that was supposed to be current, especially among missionaries and administrators, in which marriage was wrongly represented as an essentially commercial transaction, with wives being treated as chattels. The prevailing sentiment of this symposium is fairly summed up in an article by EvansPritchard (1931:36) in which he writes of the term "bride-price" that
Synthesis and degradation characteristics of salicylic acid-derived poly(anhydride-esters).

A biodegradable poly(anhydride-ester) was synthesized by melt condensation polymerization of the acetylated monomer to yield a novel polymeric prodrug. The polymer we have synthesized is composed of alkyl chains linked by ester bonds to aromatic moieties, specifically salicylic acid--the active component of aspirin. With the medicinal properties attributed to salicylic acid and the ease of metabolism, the incorporation of this compound into a polymer backbone yields a polymeric prodrug that may have potential in a variety of applications (i.e., inflammatory bowel disease). For these reasons, we have designed a synthetic scheme that yields the desired poly(anhydride-ester). The in vitro hydrolytic degradation of these polymers has been performed and results indicate that the polymer degradation rate is pH-dependent.
Degradation of Victoria crater, Mars

[1] The ∼750 m diameter and ∼75 m deep Victoria crater in Meridiani Planum, Mars, is a degraded primary impact structure retaining a ∼5 m raised rim consisting of 1–2 m of uplifted rocks overlain by ∼3 m of ejecta at the rim crest. The rim is 120–220 m wide and is surrounded by a dark annulus reaching an average of 590 m beyond the raised rim. Comparison between observed morphology and that expected for pristine craters 500–750 m across indicates that the original, pristine crater was close to 600 m in diameter. Hence, the crater has been erosionally widened by ∼150 m and infilled by ∼50 m of sediments. Eolian processes are responsible for most crater modification, but lesser mass wasting or gully activity contributions cannot be ruled out. Erosion by prevailing winds is most significant along the exposed rim and upper walls and accounts for ∼50 m widening across a WNW–ESE diameter. The volume of material eroded from the crater walls and rim is ∼20% less than the volume of sediments partially filling the crater, indicating eolian infilling from sources outside the crater over time. The annulus formed when ∼1 m deflation of the ejecta created a lag of more resistant hematite spherules that trapped <10–20 cm of darker, regional basaltic sands. Greater relief along the rim enabled meters of erosion. Comparison between Victoria and regional craters leads to definition of a crater degradation sequence dominated by eolian erosion and infilling over time.
ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS IN A NETWORK RELIABILITY MODEL WITH SPATIAL DEPENDENCE

An iterative method based on a fixed-point property is proposed for finding maximum likelihood estimators for parameters in a model of network reliability with spatial dependence. The method is shown to converge at a geometric rate under natural conditions on data.
Elastomers with chain-end mussel-mimetic modification for nanocomposites: Strong modifications to reinforcement and viscoelastic properties

Abstract Depending on the nature and strength of interfacial interactions on the surface of nanoparticles, strong and unusual modifications to reinforcement and viscoelastic properties were observed for nanocomposites made of an elastomer with chain-end mussel-mimetic modification. Emulating 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl- l -alanine in marine mussel adhesive proteins, a styrene–butadiene random copolymer terminated with 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (DOBA) was prepared via living anionic polymerization. The nanocomposites were reinforced with either carbon black (hydrophobic), or amorphous precipitated silica (hydrophilic), or alumina-coated titanium oxide (hydrophilic). The DOBA end-group exhibits strong affinity to all three types of filler. In comparison to the corresponding nanocomposites made of a similar elastomer that bears no functional group, both the contrast in stress–strain relationship from tensile testing and the contrast in Payne effect from dynamic strain sweep testing display characters varying with the details of polymer–filler interactions currently not well understood.
Interaction of Magnesium and Adenosine Diphosphate in Photosynthetic Phosphorylation

A CRITICAL ratio of magnesium and the adenosine phosphates has been observed in several enzymically catalysed reactions. Hers1 demonstrated that maximal activity in the hexokinase and fructokinase reactions occurred when the magnesium/adenosine triphosphate ratio was one. The rate of formation of adenosine diphosphate from adenosine monophosphate and adenosine triphosphate, catalysed by myokinase, was maximal when the magnesium /adenosine triphosphate ratio was one; in the reverse reaction, maximal activity was observed when the ratio was one half2. A definite stoichiometry between adenosine triphosphate and manganese also has been found, for Lowenstein3 observed that maximal activity in a non-enzymic transphosphorylation occurred when the manganese/adenosine triphosphate ratio was approximately 1.7.
Investigations into carbamate insecticide selectivity: II: Differential degradation of selectophores in insect and mammal

Abstract Investigations were made of the effects of various modifications of the ether moiety alkoxyiminomethylphenyl N -methylcarbamates on the selective toxicity of the compounds to mouse vs. housefly. The highest mammalian selectivity ratio was found with o -(isopropyloxyiminomethyl)-phenyl N -methylcarbamate which was about 30-fold more toxic to fly than to mouse. The o -(1-propynyloxyiminomethyl)-phenyl N -methyl-carbamate was the most toxic compound to the housefly. The biochemcial basis for selective action was investigated.
Combing signals from spontaneous reports and electronic health records for detection of adverse drug reactions.

Objective Data-mining algorithms that can produce accurate signals of potentially novel adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a central component of pharmacovigilance. We propose a signal-detection strategy that combines the adverse event reporting system (AERS) of the Food and Drug Administration and electronic health records (EHRs) by requiring signaling in both sources. We claim that this approach leads to improved accuracy of signal detection when the goal is to produce a highly selective ranked set of candidate ADRs. Materials and methods Our investigation was based on over 4 million AERS reports and information extracted from 1.2 million EHR narratives. Well-established methodologies were used to generate signals from each source. The study focused on ADRs related to three high-profile serious adverse reactions. A reference standard of over 600 established and plausible ADRs was created and used to evaluate the proposed approach against a comparator. Results The combined signaling system achieved a statistically significant large improvement over AERS (baseline) in the precision of top ranked signals. The average improvement ranged from 31% to almost threefold for different evaluation categories. Using this system, we identified a new association between the agent, rasburicase, and the adverse event, acute pancreatitis, which was supported by clinical review. Conclusions The results provide promising initial evidence that combining AERS with EHRs via the framework of replicated signaling can improve the accuracy of signal detection for certain operating scenarios. The use of additional EHR data is required to further evaluate the capacity and limits of this system and to extend the generalizability of these results.
TV and the iPad: How the Tablet is Redefining the Way We Watch

The tablet computer offers options for streaming TV programming that potentially alters viewing behaviors compared to the traditional television set, yet there is a dearth of research related to this viewing alternative. This study uses a national sample of adult iPad owners to investigate the tablet's role as a TV. The frameworks of continuity-discontinuity, use-diffusion, and attention and absorption to programming are applied to uncover where the tablet fits into the current repertoire of viewing devices, and how individuals are engaging with traditional TV programming through it. Results show that overall, the tablet's functionality as a TV can lead to experiential differences.
Predicting sexual abstinence among Seventh-day Adventist emerging adults

Abstract This study proposes to strengthen the nascent scholarship investigating sexual behavior among Seventh-day Adventist emerging adults. A sample of 592 unmarried, 18 to 25 year old university students, who are baptized or SDA religious adherents, responded to a questionnaire which investigated their socio-psychological motivations for abstinence. The analysis is guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior. Regression analysis reveals that it is not religiousness, but attitude toward abstinence, the support of friends for the concept of abstinence, and high self-efficacy, that motivates their decision to remain abstinent. These factors remain significant net of other significant co-variates such as authoritarian parenting, coming from a two-parent family, age, and race/ethnicity. Discussion centered on the value of promoting these key constructs rather than religiousness alone, to achieve abstinence among SDA emerging adults.
BRAF-mutated, microsatellite-stable adenocarcinoma of the proximal colon: an aggressive adenocarcinoma with poor survival, mucinous differentiation, and adverse morphologic features.

The association of BRAF V600E mutation and the presence of the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) and microsatellite instability (MSI) often confound analysis of BRAF mutation status and survival in colorectal carcinoma. We evaluated a consecutive series of proximal colonic adenocarcinomas for m
Turkish or oriental tobacco

Commercial production of Turkish varieties of tobacco in the United States is still a thing of the future, but investigations in that direction are being conducted.
1H and 19F spin-lattice relaxation and CH3 or CF3 reorientation in molecular solids containing both H and F atoms

The dynamics of methyl (CH3) and fluoromethyl (CF3) groups in organic molecular (van der Waals) solids can be exploited to survey their local environments. We report solid state 1H and 19F spin-lattice relaxationexperiments in polycrystalline 3-trifluoromethoxycinnamic acid, along with an X-ray diffraction determination of the molecular and crystal structure, to investigate the intramolecular and intermolecular interactions that determine the properties that characterize the CF3 reorientation. The molecule is of no particular interest; it simply provides a motionless backbone (on the nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) time scale) to investigate CF3 reorientation occurring on the NMR time scale. The effects of 19F–19F and 19F–1H spin-spin dipolar interactions on the complicated nonexponential NMRrelaxation provide independent inputs into determining a model for CF3 reorientation. As such, these experiments provide much more information than when only one spin species (usually 1H) is present. In Sec. IV, which can be read immediately after the Introduction without reading the rest of the paper, we compare the barrier to CH3 and CF3 reorientation in seven organic solids and separate this barrier into intramolecular and intermolecular components.
Survival After Heart Transplantation in Patients With Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy

Abstract Background Outcomes of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) patients after heart transplantation have not been well studied. Diagnostic criteria were established in 1994 and subsequently revised in 2010. We sought to better characterize this population in a national cohort. Methods A total of 35,138 heart transplant–only recipients were identified from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) Thoracic Registry (1994–2011); 73 had ARVC. The non-ARVC group included ischemic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and other. Survival was censored at 12 years. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was adjusted for age, sex, DM, race, ischemia time, dialysis, life support, wait time, and HLA mismatch. Results There were 73 ARVC and 35,065 non-ARVC patients. The ARVC cohort was associated with less ventricular assist device use ( P = .001) and significantly decreased pulmonary arterial and capillary wedge pressures ( P P = .07). The ARVC unadjusted hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was 0.59 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.34–1.04; P = .073). Multivariate analysis yielded a hazard ratio of 0.68 (95% CI 0.35–1.30; P = .25). ARVC survival was similar to restrictive, hypertrophic, and dilated cardiomyopathies and significantly better than ischemic cardiomyopathy. Conclusions This is the largest reported series of ARVC after heart transplantation, of which 11% were pediatric. Survival was similar to the non-ARVC cohort, with improved survival over ischemic and restrictive etiologies.
Real-time Parallel Computing Platform of Power Grid Simulation Based on MPI

Aiming at electricity system dynamic electromagnetism transient state parallel computing pass real-time and hard real-time problem,this paper proposes a real-time parallel computing platform which is based on MPI.By introducing hard real-time operating system,RTLinux,and using real-time core,PSDD programming model to reconstruct the simulation parallel computing program,MPICH parallel circumstance and GM software,it can have hard real-time character.Test results show that,the average time performance enhances about 10%,and maximum jitter range reduces 50%~80%.It can also reduce time jitter frequency.
Leading Schools of Education in the Context of Academic Capitalism: Deans' Responses to State Policy Changes.

State education policy changes have contributed to a reduced interest in teaching and a decreased enrollment in education degree programs in North Carolina, USA. Pressure to cut budgets and generat...
Identification and mitigation of T-S waves using localized dynamic surface modification

The control of transition from a laminar to a turbulent flow over a flat plate using localized dynamic surface modifications was explored experimentally in Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute’s subsonic wind tunnel. Dynamic surface modification, via a pair of Piezoelectrically Driven Oscillating Surface (PDOS) actuators, was used to excite and control the T-S wave over a flat plate. Creating an upstream, localized small disturbance at the most amplified frequency of fact = 250 Hz led to phase-locking the T-S wave. This enabled observation of the excited T-S wave using phase-locked stereoscopic particle image velocimetry. The growth of the T-S wave as it moved downstream was also measured using this technique (25% growth over four wavelengths of the excited wave). Activation of a downstream PDOS actuator (in addition to the upstream PDOS) at the appropriate amplitude and phase shift resulted in attenuation of the peak amplitude of the coherent velocity fluctuations (by up to 68%) and a substantial reduction of the degree of coherence of the T-S wave. Since the PDOS actuators used in this work were localized, the effect of the control strategy was confined to the region directly downstream of the PDOS actuator.
Reduced Switching-Frequency-Modulation Algorithm for High-Power Multilevel Inverters

Multilevel inverters have emerged as attractive high-power medium-voltage power-conversion systems. They are mainly controlled with high-frequency pulsewidth-modulation methods. This is not suitable for very high-power application due to significant switching losses. This paper presents an adaptive duty-cycle modulation algorithm that reduces the switching frequency to a minimum necessary to fulfill the dynamic requirements of the system. Switching losses are, therefore, strongly reduced. This is achieved by using the slope of the voltage reference to adapt the modulation period to ensure that only one-step change between two voltage levels. Simulation and experimental results are presented for a nine-level cascaded inverter. Voltage waveforms obtained for variable frequencies and amplitudes show similar switching patterns, with a reduced and near-constant number of commutations per cycle, regardless of the reference frequency and amplitude.
Probabilistic methods for Design Assessment of Reliability with Inspection (DARWIN)

Conventional rotor life prediction methodologies are based on nominal conditions that do not account for material and manufacturing anomalies that can degrade the structural integrity of high energy rotors. In order to account for these anomalies, an industry committee recommended adoption of a probabilistic damage tolerance approach to supplement the current safe life methodology. The DARWIN computer program computes the probability-of-fracture as a function of flight cycles, considering random defect occurrence and location, random inspection schedules, and several other random variables. This study focuses on the probabilistic fatigue analysis methodology developed and implemented in DARWIN Version 3.2. The computational efficiency and accuracy of this computer program is illustrated for several realistic rotor models provided by aircraft engine manufacturers. It is shown that the life approximation function (LAF) and importance sampling (IS) methods significantly reduce computation time (nearly two orders of magnitude) compared to the Monte Carlo method.
Optical observation of particles and responses to particle composition in the GEOTRACES GP16 section

Abstract Transmissometers record high-frequency, high-sensitivity measurements of beam attenuation due to particles (beam c P ), enabling determination of POC and SPM concentrations (via regression). Modern instruments have unique sensitivities to particle loads of various composition, but can exhibit unresolved thermal effects: even well-calibrated and monitored instruments exhibit asymmetry in upcast and downcast traces. On the US GEOTRACES EPZT transect, three independently deployed 650 nm, 25-cm pathlength (CStar) transmissometers and a broad-angle turbidity meter (Seapoint) were deployed at up to 36 stations. We report a procedure for improving agreement in upcast and downcast transmissometry via simple thermal modeling of instrument temperature using CTD temperature traces. Observed particle features from thermally corrected beam c P and turbidity include surface-derived biogenic phases, hydrothermal plumes, benthic nepheloid layers, and low-oxygen particle maxima. Optical responses to particles from a wide range of oceanographic regimes are examined against measured particle composition. In contrast to the transmissometers, the turbidity meter expresses a noted sensitivity to Fe(OH) 3 . The derived turbidity/ c P optical ratio thus shows promise in discriminating regions of elevated Fe(OH) 3 content at high vertical spatial resolution.
Using History to Shape “Meaningful” Careers

In this paper, I use ethnographic data to show how city leaders and business professionals employ history to invoke “meaning” as a way to attract young professionals to build their careers in their...
Defining a Physiological Role for the Tubulin Tyrosination Cycle

This paper proposes, based on data from other laboratories, that the physiological function of the tubulin tyrosination cycle is to maintain a check for normal physiological milieu within cells, whereby tyrosine and nitrotyrosine act as markers for normality and abnormality, respectively. Incorporation of nitrotyrosine is postulated to initiate apoptosis to facilitate elimination of abnormal cells.
Extraovarian sex cord tumor with annular tubules discovered arising from a leiomyoma.

Abstract Background Sex cord tumors with annular tubules (SCTAT) are a rare (2%) subtype of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumor. SCTATs are usually cured at time of diagnosis by surgical resection with an oophorectomy. SCTATs have a 100%(disease related) five-year survival. One third of SCTAT tumors are associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Literature review discovered only two published cases of extra-ovarian SCTAT. Due to the rarity there is no standard treatment for extraovarian SCTATs. Case A 39-year-old para-1 female with a symptomatic fibroid uterus, heavy menstrual bleeding, and a history of a uterine myomectomy, underwent an elective total abdominal hysterectomy. Intraoperative findings showed a 7.5 cm retroperitoneal mass adhered between the uterus and the right pelvic sidewall that on frozen section was found to be a degenerating leiomyoma. Final pathology demonstrated a 2 mm focus of incidental SCTAT adjacent to the serosal surface of the leiomyoma. The SCTAT was not associated with ectopic ovarian tissue or endometriosis. The patient's ovaries were normal on direct intraoperative examination, preoperative ultrasound and MRI. Six month postoperative surveillance ultrasound also demonstrated normal premenopausal ovaries. Conclusion This is the first extraovarian SCTAT in the published literature arising from a leiomyoma. Our patient had no family history and displayed no syndromic features for Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome. Ultimately, she declined genetic testing. The lack of evidence of ovarian involvement on both imaging and on intraoperative examination made localization to either ovary impossible. The patient is currently being managed with surveillance since the morbidity associated with bilateral oophorectomy in the 4th decade of life exceeds the theoretical risk of SCTAT.
Numerical and Theoretical Aspects of Nonuniform Sampling of Band-Limited Images

This chapter presents recent developments and progress in nonuniform sampling of band-limited functions. Since the theory and practice of nonuniform sampling of 1-D signals are well understood and already treated in many articles and surveys, the emphasis will be on the nonuniform sampling of images. Both numerical, theoretical, and applied aspects of the sampling problem will be considered. For Matlab© simulations, see the CD-ROM: ‘Chapter6άtlab’.
NEW MODEL OF GAS FLOW PROBLEM IN MULTI-LAYERED GAS RESERVOIR AND APPLICATION

In this paper, the new model of the real gas filtration problem has been presented multi-layered gas reservoir, when a gas well output and wellbore storage may be variable, and have obtained the exact solutions of pressure distribution for each reservoir bed under three kinds of typical out-boundary conditions. As a special case, according to the new model have also obtained the exact solutions of pressure distribution in homogeneous reservoir and is given important application in gas reservoir development.