cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients Less Than 50 Years of Age at a Mean of 16 Years: Highly Crosslinked Polyethylene Significantly Reduces the Risk of Revision.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients less than 50 years of age undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) at a minimum of 10 years. Methods Three hundred nine consecutive THAs performed on 273 patients were reviewed. At a minimum of 10 years, 13 were deceased and 23 were lost to follow-up leaving 273 THAs in 237 patients who were followed for a mean of 16 years (range 10-19.9). The cohort consisted of 116 females (49%) and 121 males (51%), with a mean age of 42.3 years at the time of surgery (range 19-49). The majority of preoperative diagnoses included osteoarthritis in 149 (63%) and avascular necrosis in 55 (23%). Two hundred sixteen had highly crosslinked polyethylene (HXLPE) and 57 had non-HXLPE acetabular liners. The femoral stems were cementless in 98% (266/273) and the acetabular components were cementless in all cases. Femoral head composition was cobalt-chromium in all cases and the majority of sizes in the non-HXLPE cohort were 28 mm (52/57; 91%), while the HXLPE group primarily consisted of 28 mm (141/216; 65%) and 32 mm (74/216; 34%) heads. Analysis involved Kaplan-Meier survivorship with a log-rank test for equivalence, Fisher’s exact test for pairwise comparisons, and a paired t-test for Harris Hip Score, with alpha = 0.05 being statistically significant. Results There were 6 revisions for wear in the non-HXLPE group (10.5%) compared to none in the HXLPE group (P Conclusion The use of HXLPE has led to a significant reduction in the risk of failure in patients Level of Evidence Therapeutic Level III.
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT HEALTH OUTCOMES IN COLLEGE STUDENTS [Kennesaw State University]

Research has shown that science-related majors who are exposed to information pertaining to their general and physical health have a better understanding of what is needed for a healthy lifestyle compared to their counterparts in majors outside of the sciences (Ferkel et al., 2014). Previous research has shown an increase in unhealthy choices amongst young adults, specifically college students (Abraham et al., 2018). The purpose of this research is to determine the extent to which students in different majors know correct information about their health. Questions via survey will be proposed to various majors at Kennesaw State University pertaining to different health topics with the goal of comparing different majors on their health knowledge or misconceptions. After the survey, there will be a post information guide to which the answers will be given. The purpose of the post information guide is to further educate college students about the choices they make and the effect those choices will have on their body and academic success. The questions will focus on how topics such as binge drinking, nutrition, water consumption, and disease prevention. This information could help us find which body of students have the most misconceptions about health and how to maintain a healthy lifestyle. This information could improve incoming and current students’ outlook on health. Also, this information could improve our university’s required wellness course by helping to inform instructors about health topics that are commonly misconstrued.
Predictors of Health-Protective Behavior and Glycemia After Gestational Diabetes, NHANES 2007-2014.

PurposeThis study examined weight loss behavior and the prevalence of hyperglycemia unawareness (unknown high blood glucose) after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), within a nationally, represen...
Time-Based Prospective Memory Is Associated with Functional Performance in Persons with MS.

OBJECTIVE Persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) often report prospective memory (PM) failures that directly impact their everyday life. However, it is not known whether PM deficits confer an increased risk of poorer everyday functioning. The aims of this study were to: (1) compare time- (Time-PM) and event-based PM (Event-PM) performance between persons with MS and healthy controls (HCs), (2) examine the neuropsychological correlates of PM in MS, and (3) examine the relationship between PM and everyday functioning in MS. METHOD A between-subjects design was used to examine 30 adults with MS and 30 community-dwelling HC. Participants were administered the Memory for Intentions Screening Test (MIST) to assess PM skills, the Actual Reality™ (AR) to assess everyday functioning, and a battery of cognitive tests. RESULTS The MS group performed significantly worse on Time-PM compared to HC but not on Event-PM tasks. While both Time-PM and Event-PM subscales were correlated with retrospective learning and memory, the MIST Time-PM subscale was correlated with executive functions. Significant correlations were observed between AR and the MIST Time-PM, but not Event-PM, subscales. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the role of executive functions on Time-PM. Furthermore, significant relationships with AR extend the ecological validity of the MIST to MS populations.
Soil aggregates as a source of dissolved organic carbon to streams: An experimental study on the effect of solution chemistry on water extractable carbon

Over the past two decades, headwater streams of the northern hemisphere have shown increased amounts of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), coinciding with decreased acid deposition. The exact nature of the mechanistic link between precipitation composition and stream water DOC is still widely debated in the literature. We hypothesize that soil aggregates are the main source of stream water DOC and that DOC release is greater in organic rich, riparian soils versus hillslope soils. To test these hypotheses, we collected soils from two main landscape positions (hillslope and riparian zones) from the acid-impacted Sleepers River Research Watershed in northeastern Vermont. We performed aqueous soil extracts with solutions of different ionic strength (IS) and composition to simulate changes in soil solution. We monitored dynamic changes in soil particle size, aggregate architecture and composition, leachate DOC concentrations, dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics with fluorescence spectroscopy and trends in bioavailability. In low IS solutions, extractable DOC concentrations were significantly higher, particle size (by laser diffraction) was significantly smaller and organic material was separated from mineral particles in scanning electron microscope observations. Furthermore, higher DOC concentrations were found in Na+ compared to Ca2+ solutions of the same IS. These effects are attributed to aggregate dispersion due to expanding diffuse double layers in decreased IS solutions and to decreased bridging by divalent cations. Landscape position impacted quality but not quantity of released DOC. Overall, these results indicate that soil aggregates might be one important link between Critical Zone inputs (i.e. precipitation) and exports in streams.
Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

In the early days of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, cholangiography was advocated as a way to avoid common duct injury by delineating the anatomy, as well as a method of detecting or excluding the presence of unsuspected common duct stones. This chapter explores whether routine cholangiography is needed in the routine case of a patient with no evidence of common duct stones, and explores alternatives, including the use of intraoperative ultrasound.
Health Conditions, Access to Care, Mental Health, and Wellness Behaviors in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Adults

This study examined relationships among wellness behaviors, physical health conditions, mental health, health insurance, and access to care among a sample of 317 lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) adults. Participants completed a web-administered survey from May 2013 to April 2014. Of the sample, 41.6% of the participants reported having one or more health conditions. Most participants (92.1%) reported access to a health care facility and current health insurance coverage (84.9%), though 24.9% of those with health insurance reported being incapable of paying the copayments. Physical health conditions, age, and self-esteem explained 24% of the variance in engagement in wellness behaviors; older age, a greater number of health conditions, higher self-esteem, possession of health insurance, and ability to access to care were associated with increased wellness behaviors. Providing affordable insurance coverage, improving access to care, and properly treating mental health in LGBT individuals could improve wellness behaviors.
Atlas managerial accounting case: Examining joint products in the international scrap metal recycling industry

Abstract The purpose of the Atlas managerial accounting case is to apply managerial accounting, economic, and international business concepts. Atlas Scrap Metal produces the joint products of steel and mixed non-ferrous material, which includes the non-ferrous metals of aluminum, copper and zinc. Atlas currently sells containers of the mixed non-ferrous material to other processors to be sorted into pure metals. The processors bid on the containers of mixed non-ferrous material based on local spot prices for the sorted non-ferrous metals, as well as on their sorting costs, which vary geographically depending on local labor and automation costs. The case requires an analysis of the costs and revenues that are relevant to the company’s decision to continue to sell mixed non-ferrous material to other processors, or to vertically integrate and process the non-ferrous metals inhouse. You are required to support the recommendations quantitatively with calculated contribution margins and by considering a revenue sensitivity analysis on commodity prices for the non-ferrous metals. The Atlas case was inspired by Adam Minter, 2013 book, Junkyard Planet.
Nature and effective range of non-cell autonomous activator and inhibitor peptides specifying plant stomatal patterning

Summary Stomata are epidermal valves that facilitate gas exchange between plants and their environment. Stomatal patterning is regulated by EPIDERMAL PATTERING FACTOR (EPF)-family of secreted peptides: EPF1 enforcing stomatal spacing, whereas EPF-LIKE9, also known as Stomagen, promoting stomatal development. It remains unknown, however, how far these signaling peptides act. Utilizing Cre-Lox recombination-based mosaic sectors that overexpress either EPF1 or Stomagen in Arabidopsis cotyledons, we reveal a range within the epidermis and across the cell layers in which these peptides influence patterns. To quantitatively determine their effective ranges, we developed a computational pipeline, SPACE (Stomata Patterning AutoCorrelation on Epidermis), that describes probabilistic two-dimensional stomatal distributions based upon spatial autocorrelation statistics used in Astrophysics. The SPACE analysis shows that, whereas both peptides act locally, the inhibitor, EPF1, exerts longer-range effects than the activator, Stomagen. Furthermore, local perturbation of stomatal development has little influence on global two-dimensional stomatal patterning. Our findings conclusively demonstrate the nature and extent of EPF peptides as non-cell autonomous local signals and provides a means to quantitatively characterize complex spatial patterns in development. Summary Statement Non-cell autonomous effects of activator and inhibitor peptides on 2-D spatial patterning of stomata were quantitatively characterized using chimeric sectors and a SPACE computational pipeline.
Optimal Linearization via Quadratic Programming

The technique of linearization for nonlinear systems around some operating point has been widely used for analysis and synthesis of the system behavior within a certain operating range. Conventional linearization methods include the analytical linearization (AL) method using the Jacobian matrix, the result of which usually works only for a sufficiently small region, as well as the numerical linearization (NL) method based on small perturbation, the accuracy of which is usually not guaranteed. In this letter, we propose an optimal linearization method via quadratic programming (OLQP). We start with uniform data sampling within the neighborhood of the operating point based on the nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE). We then find the best linear model that fits to these sample points with a QP formulation. The OLQP solution is derived in closed form with proved convergence to the AL solution. Two examples of nonlinear systems are investigated in terms of linearization and results are compared among these linearization methods, which has shown the proposed OLQP method features a great balance between model accuracy and computational complexity. Moreover, the OLQP method offers additional options in controller design by tuning its parameters.
Physician assistant and nurse practitioner utilization in U.S. emergency departments, 2010 to 2017.

Abstract Background Physician Assistants (PAs) and Nurse Practitioners (NPs) are widely utilized in United States (US) Emergency Departments(EDs). We sought to characterize ED PA and NP utilization and practice characteristics in US EDs 2010–2017. Methods A retrospective, secondary analysis of the Center for Disease Control's National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey was performed. National estimates of ED visits involving PAs/NPs alone (PA/NP), PAs/NPs with physician involvement (PA/NP+), or physician only (PHYS) were analyzed for patient demographics and hospital characteristics. Results Between 2010 and 2017, 1 billion US ED visits occurred. 8.4% (±4.2%) of visits were seen by a PA/NP, and 11.8% (±4.5%) by a PA/NP+; 76.3% (±7.2%) by PHYS. There was an increase in utilization by PA/NP observed in 2016. PA/NP acuity was highest for semi-urgent/nonurgent (53.2%, ±8.6%). PA/NP see the minority of ambulance arrivals [5.4% (±1.2%)] and admit less patients overall [1.6% (±0.7%)]. Less laboratory [53.6% (±10.0%) vs. 67.0% (±6.2%)] and radiographic [38.0% (±7.0%) vs. 51.6% (±4.6%)] studies were performed during PA/NP only vs. PHYS visits. PA/NP visits were most common for patients 25–44 years old (yo) (31.1%, ±5.5%) and 0–15 yo (23.9%, ±4.7%). Most PA/NP visits result in a length of stay (LOS) between 1 and 1.9 h (33.4%, ±5.7%) compared to most PHYS visits resulting in a LOS greater than 3 h (40.3%, ±3%). Conclusions From 2010 to 2015, PA/NP utilization remained stable until an increase in 2016. There was a decrease in 2017. Various PA/NP patient characteristics are significant compared to PHYS. PHYS continue to see most ED patients.
Central nervous system diagnostics

Both antemortem and postmortem diagnostics for central nervous system disease are available. Cerebrospinal fluid will help determine if disease is bacterial, viral, parasitic, or degenerative in nature. In addition, it may help to rule out diseases outside the central nervous system like hypocalcemia, which may mimic disease within the CNS. In addition to CSF analysis, diagnostic imaging can also be helpful. Animal size and value will often dictate the utility and affordability of imaging modalities. Postmortem, we typically consider harvesting the brain for histopathology, culture, or specific assays or special staining.
Direct Roll-to-Roll Coating of Catalyst-Coated Membranes for Low-Cost PEM Water Electrolyzers

Low temperature polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) water electrolysis is a technology capable of producing hydrogen, which has been in the spotlight with the recent worldwide efforts to improve energy system sustainability and security. As the drive toward megawatt-scale hydrogen production intensifies, the production rate of PEM water electrolyzers is becoming an important issue. Catalyst-coated membranes (CCM) are a key component of water electrolyzers. However, existing spray coating and decal transfer methods have several limitations with regards to large-area production of the CCMs, such as, slow production speeds and multiple process steps.In this talk, high-throughput and large-area CCM production based on roll-to-roll (R2R) slot-die coating of IrO2 catalyst inks directly onto the membrane will be discussed. In order to minimize phenomena such as swelling and solvent permeation during direct coating of the ink onto the membrane, ink compositions with various catalyst contents, types of organic solvents, and water-to-solvent ratios are investigated. The results show that alcohol-rich inks may lead to improved particle dispersion and wetting onto the substrate, but have shown poor coating qualities (e.g. cracks and high thickness deviation) due to larger ink-membrane interaction and faster drying rate. In-situ results of R2R-processed CCMs using optimized inks will be presented that indicate comparable electrochemical performance to a lab-scale sample fabricated with the standard ultrasonic spray coating technique. Considering that the R2R-processed CCM has achieved a throughput of several hundred times greater than the lab scale sample (on an area/time basis), it is expected that this manufacturing approach can contribute to a significantly reduced capital cost of PEM water electrolyzers.This work was authored by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, operated by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Technologies Office. The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes.
Financial Evolution and the Long-Run Behavior of Velocity: New Evidence from US Regional Data

Innovations in the private financial sector influence the income velocity of money in an economy over the entire course of its development. In the early stages of growth, increased monetization, as manifested by the spread of the banking system, causes velocity to fall. Later, the emergence of nonbank financial intermediaries causes velocity to rise. Evidence of these patterns is found in regional demand deposit data from the United States.
Relating structure and function of viral membrane-spanning miniproteins

Many viruses express small hydrophobic membrane proteins. These proteins are often referred to as viroporins because they exhibit ion channel activity. However, the channel activity has not been definitively associated with a biological function in all cases. More generally, protein-protein and protein-phospholipid interactions have been associated with specific biological activities of these proteins. As research has progressed there is a decreased emphasis on potential roles of the channel activity, and increased research on multiple other biological functions. This being the case, it may be more appropriate to refer to them as 'viral membrane-spanning miniproteins'. Structural studies are illustrated with Vpu from HIV-1 and p7 from HCV.
Vaccine resistances reconsidered: Vaccine skeptics and the Jenny McCarthy effect

Recent data and increased vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks suggest that a growing number of US parents choose not to vaccinate their children. Popular media have responded to this phenomenon by emphasizing refusers’ moral failings and irrational fears. This article explores vaccine skeptics’ objections and argues that their critics miss fundamental reasons for resistances. Drawing on ethnographic research with a community of vaccine skeptics in southern California, a consideration of a leading vaccine researcher’s responses to vaccine critics and an analysis of Jenny McCarthy’s condemnation of current vaccine practices, this research considers why even parents who have accepted some vaccines, but not all, distrust vaccines and their proponents. Parents’ skepticism merits new forms of engagement by physicians and other vaccine advocates. As with any health intervention, vaccines can present some risks to a small number of recipients; when public health and clinical messages minimize parents’ fears, they may increase parental doubt. The voices of parents who choose to opt out of or to alter the normal vaccine schedule reveal important expressions of biomedical resistance.
Progression of peritoneal adenomucinosis to the scrotum: a rare occurrence treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic chemoperfusion of the scrotum in two patients

La Adenomucinosis Peritoneal Diseminada (DPAM, por el termino en ingles) es una presentacion no frecuente del cancer de apendice. Infrecuentemente, las hernias umbilicales o inguinales pueden ser la primera manifestacion clinica de esta condicion; la extension al escroto puede ser anatomicamente viable. La cirugia citoreductiva (CRS, por el termino en ingles) con quimioterapia hipertermica intraperitoneal (HIPEC, por el termino en ingles) es el tratamiento estandar para DPAM. Nuestra hipotesis es que los mismos principios terapeuticos, consistentes en CRS con quimioterapia hipertermica del escroto (HCS, por el termino en ingles), pueden ser aplicados para DPAM con extension al escroto. Metodos: Revisamos una base de datos prospectiva en nuestra Institucion donde se identificaron dos casos de DPAM con extension al escroto. Se examinaron sus historias clinicas, y se realizaron controles cercanos. La histopatologia tumoral y la citoreduccion fueron evaluados. La progresion tumoral fue monitorizada en los controles mediante examen fisico, marcadores tumorales (CEA, CA 125, CA 19.9) y TAC abdomino-pelvico. Resultados: Dos pacientes a quienes se les practico previamente CRS/ HIPEC por DPAM fueron exitosamente tratados con CRS/HSC. Ambos pacientes se encuentran vivos y sin evidencia de enfermedad 88 y 57 meses despues de la CRS/HIPEC inicial y a 50 y 32 meses post CRS/HCS, respectivamente. Conclusion: La precaucion de los cirujanos sobre la coexistencia de hernias inguinales con neoplasias peritoneales y la necesidad de reparo quirurgico debe ser incrementada. La CRS/HCS puede ser empleada en el tratamiento a pacientes con DPAM con extension al escroto. Los resultados clinicos son dependientes de una citoreduccion completa del tumor metastasico
Reversion to the Streptococcal State of Enterococcal Protoplasts, Spheroplasts, and L-Forms

A method is described for predetermining whether lysozyme-damaged enterococci grow as either the parent strain or as L-forms. Organisms treated with lysozyme grew as L-forms on media solidified with low concentrations of agar, or the damaged cells grew as streptococci on media solidified with high concentrations of gelatin. After induction, some of the L-forms reverted to the parent strain, but most did not during three routine subcultures. Continued spontaneous reversion occurred through approximately 30 subcultures after induction. However, subsequent progeny did not revert, even when subjected to conditions such as the gelatin medium which strongly favors growth in the streptococcal phase.
Microtubule distribution and function in early Pelvetia development

We have used immunofluorescence microscopy to examine the distribution of microtubules (Mts) during the first two cell cycles in embryos of the brown alga, Pelvetia . Prior to germination of the zygote at 12 h post-fertilization, Mts radiated from the circumnuclear region into the peripheral cytoplasm. After rhizoid emergence, Mts resolved into two perinuclear microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs). The axis defined by the pair of MTOCs was oriented transverse to the growth axis, with Mts extending from each MTOC into the rhizoid. The axis defined by the MTOCs then reoriented by 90 degrees, and aligned with the growth axis. The first mitotic spindle formed between these MTOCs. The division plane bisected the spindle, giving rise to rhizoid and thallus cells with distinct developmental potentials. During the second cell cycle, the axis defined by MTOCs in the rhizoid cell again reoriented from an orthogonal to an axial alignment with respect to the growth axis. MTOC reorientation did not occur in the thallus cell, and the division planes in the rhizoid and thallus cells were orthogonal to one another. Zygotes treated with amiprophos methyl (APM) or taxol established an axis and initiated rhizoid outgrowth. However, treated zygotes ceased growing soon after germination and failed to divide. Cytochalasin D, which prevents establishment of the developmental axis, interfered with the proper orientation of the spindle. From these results we conclude that: (1) Mts are not required for establishment of the rhizoid-thallus axis or rhizoid germination; (2) an F-actin-dependent process, probably establishment of a developmental axis, is required for rotation of the axis defined by MTOCs; and (3) the alignment of perinuclear MTOCs dictates the orientation of spindle and subsequent division planes, and thereby controls cell lineage.
3-[4-(10H-Indolo[3,2-b]quinolin-11-yl)piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-ol.

In the title compound, C22H24N4O, the aromatic moiety is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation of a least-squares plane fitted through all non-H atoms = 0.0386 A) and is rotated by 89.98 (4)° from the piperazine ring, which adopts the expected chair conformation. The propanol chain is not fully extended away from the piperazine ring. In the crystal, there are two unique hydrogen-bonding inter­actions. One is an O—H⋯N inter­action which, together with an inversion-related symmetry equivalent, forms a ring motif. The second is an N—H⋯N inter­action which links adjacent mol­ecules by means of a chain motif which propagates in the c-axis direction. Overall, a two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded structure is formed.
Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Anticholinesterase Medications

Anticholinesterase medications (anti-ChEs) play a significant role in the diagnosis and treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG). The primary effect on the heart produced by a surfeit of ACh is bradyarrhythmias with consequent fall in cardiac output and hypotension; yet, adverse cardiac reactions to these agents have been reported relatively infrequently. The authors describe 12 patients with MG from a pool of more than 1,000 who suffered hypotensive episodes related to use of anti-ChEs. The 12 patients (seven male, five female) had a mean age of 62.6 years; of these, eight adverse reactions occurred after edrophonium, two after neostigmine, and two after pyridostigmine. Seven patients had a recent increase in anti-ChEs and none had a decrease in dosage. Nine patients suffered either from severe sinus bradycardia, (20 beats/min), junctional bradycardia, or complete AV dissociation. Two patients had paradoxic sinus tachycardia and all had syncopal or near-syncopal episodes. Evidence for cholinergic stimulation of other organs was generally lacking. No recurrence appeared with reduction of the dose of anti-ChEs or discontinuation of the drug. The authors believe that these agents should be given with caution to patients with inflammatory, infiltrative, or degenerative disease of the conduction systems, patients being treated with digitalis, calcium-channel antagonists or beta blockers, patients with myocardial ischemia, and elderly patients. Appropriate resuscitative equipment should be readily available.
Posttraumatic stress and physical health among adults: The role of coping mechanisms

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present study was to examine whether coping mechanisms predict physical health, after controlling for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters in a non-clinical sample of adults. Data were collected from 483 adults through an online survey. Most of the participants (66.7%) reported lifetime exposure to at least one traumatic event. The final sample of this study included 319 trauma-exposed individuals. Results indicated that PTSD symptoms on the avoidance and hyperarousal clusters had significant positive relationships with self-reported physical health symptoms. After controlling for gender and PTSD, denial, behavioral disengagement, and self-blame significantly and positively predicted physical health symptoms.
Modulation of male mouse sniff, attack, and mount behaviors by estrous cycle-dependent urinary cues.

Modulation of male urogenital sniff, attack, and mount behaviors by urinary cues from female mice (SJL/J) was assessed in two experiments. Experiment 1 examined the efficacy of urine from ovariectomized and intact females in modulating the behavior of sexually experienced and inexperienced males vis-a-vis the control substance, water. It was found that urine from ovariectomized females showed no behavior-modulating properties, whereas urine from intact females decreased attack but increased sniff and mount behaviors in male mice. These findings are indicative of ovarian-dependent chemosignals contained in the urine of only intact females. Prior sexual experience had no effect on behavior of males when exposed to urine from ovariectomized females. Sniff and mount behaviors were, however, increased when sexually experienced males were exposed to urine from intact females. Using sexually inexperienced males, Experiment 2 assessed the chemosignal activity of urine from females in each of four estrous phases. It was determined that urine from proestrous and estrous females increased sniff and mount behaviors and decreased attack behavior. Urine from metaestrous females was shown to possess only sniff-inducing and mount-reducing chemosignal properties. Urine from females in diestrous lacked attack- and mount-modulating chemocues but may possess a sniff-inducing chemosignal.
The conflict between ‘new nursing’ and ‘scientific management’ as perceived by surgical nurses

Nursing on surgical wards is a major area of employment for nurses, but the literature is sparse in relation to this group. Dramatic alterations in surgical care have occurred over the past few years, including the introduction of day surgery on a major scale, increased technical equipment and faster ‘throughput’ of patients. This has led to Nicholas Fox describing ‘a conveyor belt of surgery’. These changes are occurring alongside major evolution within the nursing profession. Nurses are encouraged to give holistic, individualized care in what has been termed the ‘new nursing’ movement. This study addresses the problem of how nurses resolve these two conflicting discourses. Following an initial phase of participant observation, 10 registered surgical nurses were interviewed using the techniques of career biography, critical incident analysis and informal interviews. Different interpretations by the key members of the ‘new nursing’, discourse have been identified. These have been termed the professional project discourse, the modernist discourse, and the traditionalist discourse. Various strategies are adopted by nurses to reduce cognitive dissonance caused by the two conflicting discourses. The most commonly used being rationalization about the need for emotional labour.
Silent Synchronous Bilateral Adrenal Metastases from a Primary Renal Cell Carcinoma

Approximately one-third of renal cell carcinomas (RCC) have distant metastases at presentation, and the risk of developing a metastatic disease remains even up to 20 years after nephrectomy. Almost one-fifth of the metastases are to the adrenal glands, and one adrenal only is generally affected. Adrenal metastases remain "silent" because as little as one-tenth of healthy adrenal tissue can regulate normal body function. We report a rare case of silent, advanced, synchronous, bilateral adrenal metastases in a patient presenting with RCC.
Time-critical coordination of multiple vehicles with uni-directional communication constraints

This paper presents a decentralized uni-directional coordination control law for a fleet of mobile robots that must arrive at a final destination simultaneously. Coordination in time of all vehicles is achieved via a leaderless PI controller that adjusts the desired velocity profile of each vehicle. The method is applicable to formation control along a path by appropriate choice of the coordination parameters.
A Combined Experimental and Finite Element Study to Predict the Failure Mechanisms in SiC Coated Carbon/Carbon Composites at Room and Elevated Temperatures under Flexural Loading

Response of quasi-isotropic laminates of SiC coated Carbon/Carbon (C/C) composites have been investigated under flexural loading at various temperatures. Variation of load-deflection behavior with temperatures are studied. Increase in flexural strength and stiffness are observed with the rise in temperature. Extensive analyses through Optical Microscope (OM) and Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) have been performed to understand the failure mechanisms. Damage zone is found only within the neighborhood of the loading plane. Isoparametric layered shell elements developed on the basis of the first order shear deformation theory have been used to model the thin laminates of C/C under flexural loading. Large deformation behavior has been considered in the finite element analysis to account for the non-linearities encountered during the actual test. Data generated using finite element analysis are presented to corroborate the experimental findings, and a comparison in respect of displacement and stress-strain behavior are given to check the accuracy of the finite element analysis. Reasonable correlation between the experimental and finite element results have been established.
Factor-Graph-Based Joint IBI/ICI Mitigation for OFDM in Underwater Acoustic Multipath Channels With Long-Separated Clusters

In this paper, we investigate the multicarrier transmission in one particular type of underwater acoustic channels, which have extremely long delay spreads (e.g., around 1 s) but clustered multipath arrivals (e.g., two clusters). These channels show up in certain practical scenarios, such as in the deep-water horizontal transmissions and in the underwater broadcasting networks, and introduce both interblock interference and intercarrier interference (IBI/ICI) in the received signal. For joint IBI and ICI mitigation, we propose a factor-graph-based equalization method, in which estimation of information symbols is performed via messages passing over a well-designed graph. We also present a sparse channel estimator by treating the two clusters of the long channel as two virtual quasi-synchronous channels. Both channel estimation and equalization are integrated into a progressive receiver framework. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the receiver performance in both deep-water horizontal channels and underwater broadcasting networks.
The Biology of Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). I. Life History and Behavior

Studies of Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), the cabbage looper, were conducted in, a greenhouse and laboratory at constant temperatures, and in the field in southern California. When larvae were reared on lima bean leaves, the total developmental time from egg deposition to adult emergence from the pupa averaged 95, 32, and 24 days for males, and 92, 30, and 23 days for females, at 14°, 23°, and 32° C, respectively. When cabbage was provided as food at 23°, 34 days were required for development of males and 35 days for females. The pupal stage of individuals reared at 14° tended to be lengthened disproportionately, and these pupae were heavier than those formed from larvae reared at 23° or 32°. Male pupae tended generally to be heavier than female pupae. Adults became active in the field shortly after sunset, but captures at a black light trap gave no evidence of definite peaks of nocturnal flight activity. However, fewer adults were captured after 11 p.m. than before, and the ratio of females to males generally declined as the night progressed. All matings observed among caged adults occurred after midnight, the average time of initiation being 2:10 a.m. No matings were observed until the second night after emergence from the pupa, and mature eggs were not found in the common oviduct of females until 2 days after emergence. Female adults maintained in the greenhouse at 27° successfully mated an average of 2.0 times. For cabbage loopers reared on lima bean leaves the ratio of males to females was 46:54. Males can be distinguished from females in large larvae by the appearance of the developing testes in the male, in pupae by the location of the genital pore, and in adults by the presence of characteristic light brown hairs on the abdomen of the male. A rearing procedure is described whereby the larvae were raised on the young primary leaves of lima beans growing in flats containing vermiculite. Behavior patterns observed during mating, oviposition, hatching, molting, and pupation are described.
Volatilization of Mineral Oil Mist Collected on Sampling Filters

Abstract Exposure to mineral oil mist has been associated with the development of asthma, dermatitis, lipid pneumonia, and cancers of the digestive tract. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health analytical method for sampling mineral oil mist specifies collection on filters. In this study, mineral oil mist collection on glass fiber and polyvinyl chloride filters was examined to determine if significant quantities of mineral oil volatilize from filters after collection. Evaporative loss from an electrostatic precipitator was also examined. Filters were placed in an oil mist loading chamber and rapidly loaded with oil mist. Both fresh and used mineral oil were employed. The filters were removed from the chamber and weighed to determine the mass of oil loaded on the filter. After clean air was drawn through the filters for 4 hours, the filters were reweighed to determine the mass of oil lost to evaporation. A similar procedure was followed for the electrostatic precipitator. Fresh mineral o...
Nonionic surfactants for improving resolution of the priority pollutant phenols by micelle-modified capillary electrophoresis

Abstract Nonionic surfactants used as buffer additives in capillary electrophoresis improve the separation of the eleven US EPA priority pollutant phenols. A borate/phosphate buffer (pH 9.8) containing 05–2% (w/v) Tween 40 or Brij 35 surfactant gives better separation of the phenols than the same buffer with no surfactant, especially for the solution pairs 2,4-dichlorophenol/2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol; 2-chlorophenol/2,4-dinitrophenol; and 4-nitrophenol/2-nitrophenol. Pentachlorophenol behaves anomalously with increasing concentration of surfactant in the 0 to 0.5% range. Its net mobility is sharply reduced, and peak shape changes from the typically narrow and symmetrical CE peak to a broad, electrophoretically tailing band at a surfactant concentration near the critical micelle concentration (CMC), and then reverts to normal shape at concentrations above the CMC. Compared with CE with buffer only, the small concentrations of surfactant required to produce significant changes in selectivity have little effect on the magnitude of the electroosmotic flow or the runtime. Nonionic surfactants neither increase conductivity nor contribute to Joule heating.
Structural Considerations of Layered and Spinel Lithiated Oxides for Lithium Ion Batteries

Rechargeable lithium batteries that can be assembled in the discharged state with lithiated metal oxide cathodes and carbon anodes are being developed to minimize the safety hazards associated with batteries that use pure metallic lithium anodes. This paper reviews crystallographic aspects of insertion electrodes with layered and spinel structures . The use of (spinel) instead of lithiated carbon as the anode is briefly discussed. Emphasis is placed on the structural properties of insertion electrodes that control their stability during electrochemical cycling.
ASSESSING CREDIBILITY IN ALLEGATIONS OF MARITAL VIOLENCE IN THE HIGHCONFLICT CHILD CUSTODY CASE

Forensic psychology has not systematically examined the problem of evaluating the credibility of allegations of marital violence within the context of a child custody case. The importance of this issue stems from the negative effect of family violence on children, the implications for parenting effectiveness, and consideration of the feasibility of joint custody. When marital violence has not been previously disclosed or objectively documented by prosecution, there is a need to examine the credibility of the allegations because of the strategic incentive for both sides to distort historical events. A six-factor model is presented to assist the child custody evaluator and judicial decision maker in this task. A risk assessment approach to marital violence in the custody evaluation context is presented. The need to examine the empirical basis of marital violence allegations in custody litigation should not discourage victims from raising the issue and does not diminish the seriousness of family maltreatment as a social problem.
Posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation-impact on early neurodevelopmental outcome.

OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the impact of ventricular dilatation following severe (grades III or IV) intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm neonates and the current practice of neurosurgical interventions in infants with posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) and early neurodevelopmental outcome. STUDY DESIGN Premature neonates born at ≤34 weeks' gestational ages with severe IVH were identified retrospectively over a 5-year period (2005 to 2009). Standard measures of ventricular dilatation on head ultrasound (HUS) were recorded. The treatment of PHVD, timing of surgery including the type of temporizing neurosurgical procedure (TNP)-either a ventricular reservoir or a subgaleal shunt-and the subsequent need for ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt were evaluated. Patients were retrospectively stratified to an "early" versus "late" intervention group based on HUS measures. Early intervention was defined as TNP performed when the ventricular index (VI) was >97th percentile but <97th percentile + 4 mm. Late intervention was defined as TNP performed when VI was ≥97th percentile + 4 mm. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were evaluated at 18 to 24 months. Infants followed up for neurodevelopmental testing were stratified as group A (progressive PHVD with TNP), group B (PHVD without TNP), and group C (severe IVH without PHVD). RESULTS One hundred seventy-three preterm neonates with severe IVH were identified during the study period, of whom 139/173 (80%) developed PHVD. Of these, 54 (54/139, 39%) received TNP either early (4/54, 7%) or late (50/54, 93%). Of those who received TNP, 32/54 (59%) required subsequent VP shunt placement. Neurodevelopmental testing was available in 39/109 (36%) infants who survived to discharge. The mean ± standard deviation cognitive, motor, and language composite scores were 77 ± 14.8, 67 ± 15.2, 70 ± 13.8 for group A (n = 16/39), 90 ± 7.8, 84 ± 9.6, 82 ± 18.2 for group B (n = 12/39), and 95 ± 14.3, 86 ± 10.7, 94 ± 15.8 for group C (n = 11/39), respectively (p < 0.006 for group A versus group B and p < 0.004 for group A versus group C across all domains). Increasing ventricular dilatation was associated with adverse motor, cognitive, and language outcomes (p = 0.002) and neonates with progressive PHVD requiring a TNP were most adversely affected (p = 0.0006). There were no differences in any outcome measures between the two types of TNPs. Clinical and demographic characteristics of infants lost to follow-up were not significantly different than those available for follow-up. CONCLUSION Increasing ventricular size adversely affects neurodevelopmental outcome in infants with PHVD.
Developing Active Sensor Networks with Micro Mobile Robots

In this paper a new sensor network architecture called active sensor network (ASN) is developed. By integrating multiple small, sensor network-friendly mobile robots into a traditional sensor network, a closed-loop, dynamic, adaptive sensor network is formed. Such sensor networks have the following merits: adaptivity, self healing, responsiveness and longer lifetime. This paper focuses on the distributed sensor node localization and service set partition among multiple micro mobile robots. For node localization, a potential-based robot area partition algorithm and a distributed localization algorithm are developed. For service set partition, a load-balanced partitioning algorithm is developed. Simulation results verify the proposed algorithms.
Unilateral brain lesions in childhood: Performance on the revised token test☆

Comprehension of connected language as assessed by the Revised Token Test (RTT) was studied in 17 children with left hemisphere lesions (LL) and 11 with right hemisphere lesions (RL). LL children's significantly lower performance on several subtests than left controls (LC) matched by age, sex, race, and social class appeared to be related to the memory demands of these subtests rather than the limited syntactic elements assessed by the RTT. LL subjects requested significantly more command repetitions than control or RL subjects and when a repetition was not requested LL subjects often responded with immediacy. Although RL children tended to perform lower than right matched controls (RC), these differences were not significant nor readily related to either the memory or specific linguistic structures assessed. RL subjects required fewer command repetitions than LL subjects and exhibited a significantly greater frequency of immediate responses than controls or LL subjects. While based on few children, a trend for LL children with retrorolandic lesions to perform more poorly than those with left prerolandic lesions was suggested. No systematic difference in performance was apparent for children with left cortical vs. left subcortical lesions or among discrete sites of lesions within the right hemisphere. Children with left lesions prior to 1 year of age performed no better and, in several instances, significantly poorer than LL patients sustaining lesions after 1 year of age. Among RL subjects, those sustaining lesions after 1 year of age had greater difficulty than those with lesion onset before 1 year of age, especially on linguistic elements which seemed to be dependent upon visual spatial properties. Further studies are needed to evaluate the comprehension of more complex linguistic structures among children with unilateral brain lesions as well as to study the role of more basic factors such as memory and attention in explaining the present findings.