cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cytomegalovirus Infection Masquerading as Carcinoma in a Lung Transplant Patient

In lung transplant patients, most infections produce radiographically diffuse or lobar infiltrates. Solitary nodules suggesting neoplasm may arise in lung transplant patients with lung infections. We describe a 45-year-old woman who underwent bilateral lung transplantation to treat bilateral bronchiectasis and lung fibrosis resulting from Hodgkin disease. Five months later, a solitary mass was identified on chest radiograph in the left upper lobe and left superior mediastinum. Low-power examination of wedge biopsies of the mass showed a florid proliferation of cells with clear to bubbly to eosinophilic cytoplasm and moderate nuclear atypia, proliferating fibroblasts, and necrosis, suggesting a clear cell carcinoma (possibly metastatic renal cell carcinoma). Intranuclear inclusions compatible with cytomegalovirus were identified on high-power examination and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. In lung transplant patients, a cytomegalovirus infection may mimic malignancy both radiographically and on initial histopathologic examination.
Chemotaxis of Salmonella typhimurium to Amino Acids and Some Sugars

Patterns of chemotaxis by Salmonella typhimurium strain LT-2 to l-amino acids and to several sugars were quantitated by the Adler capillary procedure. Competition experiments indicated that LT-2 possesses three predominant receptors, or interacting sets of receptors, for amino acids. These were termed the aspartate, serine, and alanine classes, respectively. Studies with strains carrying point and deletion mutations affecting components of the phosphoenolpyruvate: glycose phosphotransferase system (PTS) made unlikely a role in primary reception of d-glucose by the three soluble PTS components, namely HPr, enzyme I, and factor III. A ptsG mutant defective in membrane-bound enzyme IIB' of the high-affinity glucose transport system was shown to exhibit normal chemotaxis providing pleiotropic effects of the mutation were eliminated by its genotypic combination with other pts mutations or, phenotypically, by addition of cyclic AMP and substrate. A correlation was demonstrated between chemotaxis to glucose and activity of the low-affinity glucose transport complex, membrane-bound enzymes IIB:IIA, and an enzyme IIB:IIA mutant was shown to have a preponderant defect in chemotaxis to glucose and mannose. Of four systems capable of galactose transport, only the beta-methylgalactoside transport system was implicated in chemotaxis to galactose. Some properties of a mutant possibly defective in processing of signals for chemotaxis to sugars is described.
Effects of mineral spatial distribution on reaction rates in porous media

[1] This study examined the effects of variations in mineral spatial distributions on reaction rates in porous media. Pore-scale network models were constructed to represent sandstones with anorthite and kaolinite present in various amounts and in different spatial patterns. Simulation conditions corresponded to geological sequestration of carbon dioxide. To examine scaling effects arising from pore-scale heterogeneities, reaction rates from network models were compared to rates from continuum models that use uniform concentrations. With small percentages of reactive minerals the scaling effects are large, and the effect of spatial distribution is significant. Scaling effects are largest when reactive minerals are closely clustered and oriented parallel to flow. Conversely, spatial distributions that enhance mass transport to and from reactive minerals, such as small mineral clusters or elongated clusters oriented transverse to flow, result in reaction rates that are well represented by the continuum model.
A reference governor approach for dynamic reconfiguration of hybrid power systems

Hybrid power systems (HPS) are becoming increasingly important as they leverage complementary features of heterogenous power sources and energy storage to achieve efficient and clean power generation. The ship-board integrated power systems (IPS) and hybrid land vehicles for military applications are representative examples of HPS. The requirements of survivability necessitates real-time failure mode power management and system reconfiguration to deal with unpredictable failures. The nonlinear HPS dynamics, stringent safety constraints and real-time implementation requirements make existing receding horizon control (RHC) computationally prohibitive, given the long prediction horizon and high state/input dimensions. In this paper, we propose a novel approach using reference governor to solve the reconfiguration problem, where the total power demand is governed to enforce constraints. The computational efficiency and load tracking performance of the proposed method as compared to the RHC framework are illustrated using the HPS model as a case study along with the experimental results on a scaled test bed of the HPS.
Edge-based Meshless Methods for Compressible Flow Simulations

This work concerns the development of a highly accurate and ecien t meshless o w solver for inviscid o w in two dimensions. Novel aspects of this work include the application of mesh-based reconstruction, diusion, and convergence acceleration schemes within an edge-based meshless framework. Most notably, \multicloud," a meshless counterpart to multigrid, has been implemented. Multicloud dramatically enhances convergence to steady state, resulting in a convergence rate which is nearly an order of magnitude faster than single cloud results. Results are presented which indicate good agreement with conventional nite volume results for several test cases, despite the absence of any formal proof of conservation. Correct shock jumps and locations are obtained for airfoils in transonic o w. Lift and drag coecien ts also compare well to the nite volume results.
I.E.C. Adopts MKS System of Units

At its plenary meeting of June 1935 at Scheveningen-Bruxelles, the International Electrotechnical Commission unanimously adopted the meter-kilogram-second (mks) or Giorgi system of units, 15 of the 25 constituent countries being represented. In this paper the principal historical antecedents of this action by the I.E.C. are outlined, and its principal import to electrical engineering is indicated. Since the preparation of this paper there have been further important developments in connection with the adoption of this system; reports of these developments, as translated from the original French texts, are given in appendixes I and II.
Effects of ultrasound on milk homogenization and fermentation with yogurt starter.

Abstract The effects of ultrasound on milk homogenization and yogurt fermentation were studied. Microscopic photographs were used to check the size distribution of fat globules to evaluate the homogenization effect. The pH change during yogurt fermentation, water holding capacity, viscosity and syneresis for finished yogurt were evaluated. It was found that high amplitude ultrasound has a very good homogenization effect compared with conventional homogenization. Longer exposure times improved the ultrasound homogenization effect. Sonication after inoculation reduced the total fermentation time by 0.5 h. Increasing the ultrasound amplitude level before inoculation significantly improved the water holding capacity and viscosity and reduced syneresis. Sonication after inoculation did not decrease the syneresis effect but did increase water holding capacity and viscosity.
Roth's removal rule revisited

Abstract The theory of companion matrices is used to give explicit representations for the matrices needed in Roth's removal rule. These are then used to give simple proofs for the cyclic decomposition theorem, as well as for Roth's similarity theorem for matrices over a field.
The Impact of Scheduling on Edge Windowing

The recently proposed edge windowing technique provides a new degree of freedom between spectral efficient sidelobe suppression and controllable inter-symbol-interference (ISI) for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based systems. By combining the introduced degree of freedom of edge windowing and the dependency of the channel dispersive characteristics to the distance between transmitter and receiver, ISI can be eliminated. Therefore, scheduling strategies becomes critically important for edge windowing in multiple accessing environment. In this paper, edge windowing technique is investigated along with different scheduling strategies; random scheduling, ranging based scheduling, and root mean square (RMS) delay spread based scheduling. Considering these scheduling strategies with the channel and edge windowing parameters, the performance metrics of sidelobe suppression, average error vector magnitude (EVM) on each subcarrier, and the worst case statistical characteristics of EVM are evaluated.
Expansile bone lesions in a three-generation family.

We report on a three-generation family with “expansile” bone lesions of the distal radius and ulna, cortical thickening of the proximal long bones, and pathologic fractures. The differential diagnosis of expansile bone lesions includes isolated bone cysts and tumors, such as enchondromas and fibrous dysplasia; familial expansile osteolysis; and the genochondromatoses. Our patients have findings most similar to the genochondromatoses; however, the distribution of the lesions and the accompanying manifestations may be evidence for a unique genetic condition in this family. Am. J. Med. Genet. 82:1–5, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Institutions, Agency, and Microscale Gentrification: A Tale of Two Neighborhoods

: Recent institutional analysis of gentrification has focused on the dialectical interplay of structure and manager choice. A shortcoming of this work is its treatment of managers as subordinate to structural factors. This study clarifies the role of managers by describing the organizational influence of individual agency. An analysis of gentrification in Indianapolis demonstrates: (1) managers import into and generate from within goals which intersect with organizational directives: (2) institutional contexts are instrumental in facilitating gentrification, and (3) random events propel the localization of such contexts. Human agency forges institutional support which itself structures the unfolding of gentrification.
Intravenous bone marrow stromal cell therapy reduces apoptosis and promotes endogenous cell proliferation after stroke in female rat

The present study investigates the induction of neurogenesis, reduction of apoptosis, and promotion of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression as possible mechanisms by which treatment of stroke with bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) improves neurological functional recovery. Additionally, for the first time, we treated cerebral ischemia in female rats with intraveneous administration of MSCs. Female rats were subjected to 2 hr of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), followed by an injection of 3 x 10(6) male (for Y chromosome labeling) rat MSCs or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) into the tail vein 24 hr after MCAo. All animals received daily injection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU; 50 mg/kg, i.p.) for 13 days after treatment for identification of newly synthesized DNA. Animals were sacrificed at 14 days after MCAo. Behavioral tests (rotarod and adhesive-removal tests) were performed. In situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) were performed to identify transplanted MSCs (Y chromosome), BrdU, bFGF, and apoptotic cells in the brain. Significant recovery of behavior was found in MSC-treated rats at 7 days in the somatosensory test and at 14 days in the motor test after MCAo compared with control, PBS-treated animals (P<.05). MSCs were found to survive and preferentially localize to the ipsilateral ischemic hemisphere. Significantly more BrdU-positive cells were located in the subventricular zone (P<.05), and significantly fewer apoptotic cells and more bFGF immunoreactive cell were found in the ischemic boundary area (P<.05) of MSC-treated rats than in PBS-treated animals. Here we demonstrate that intravenously administered male MSCs increase bFGF expression, reduce apoptosis, promote endogenous cellular proliferation, and improve functional recovery after stroke in female rats.
A Local-structure-preserving Local Discontinuous Galerkin Method for the Laplace Equation

In this paper, we present a local-structure-preserving local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) method for the Laplace equation. The method is based on the standard LDG formulation and uses piecewise harmonic polynomials, which satisfy the partial differential equation (PDE) exactly inside each element, as the approximating solutions for the primitive variable u, leading to a significant reduction of the degrees of freedom for the final system and hence the computational cost, without sacrificing the convergence quality of the solutions. An a priori error estimate in the energy norm is established. Numerical experiments are performed to verify optimal convergence rates of the local-structure-preserving LDG method in the energy norm and in the L-norm, as well as to compare it with the standard LDG method to demonstrate comparable performance of the two methods even though the new local-structure-preserving LDG method is computational less expensive.
HIV envelope protein is recognized as an alloantigen by human DR-specific alloreactive T cells.

Abstract Recent studies from this laboratory reported the mapping of the full profile of T-cell allorecognition regions of HLA-DR2β subunit. The results indicated the presence of an allodeterminant within DR2β regions 141–156. In another study, we have shown that this allodeterminant is one of five regions of structural homology between the DR2β molecule and the HIV-envelope protein gp120 region 254–268. The fact that gp120 peptide 254–268 is homologous to the allodeterminant within the DR2β region 141–156 prompted us to investigate whether synthetic gp120 peptide 254–272 is recognized by human DR2-specific alloreactive T-cell lines. Five human alloreactive T-cell lines were prepared that were specific for the DR2 molecule and did not recognize DR1. These lines mounted in vitro proliferative responses to the allodeterminant peptide DR141–156 and also responded to the DR-similar peptide gp254–272. Removal of the residues 262–272 from the gp120 peptide (i.e., peptide 254–263) resulted in essentially complete loss of its proliferative activity. The effect of deletion of three residues of homology (Val-Val-Ser) at the N terminal (i.e., peptides DR145–156 and gp257–272) was examined. Peptide DR2β145–156 exhibited very low stimulating activity, whereas peptide gp 257–272 did not cause T-cell proliferative responses in any of the alloreactive T-cell lines. The T-cell lines did not respond to unrelated peptide controls, thus further confirming the specificity of these responses. These findings indicate that the virus is recognized as an alloantigen by human alloreactive DR2-specific T cells.
Value of Using Multiple Proteases for Large-Scale Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics

Large-scale protein sequencing methods rely on enzymatic digestion of complex protein mixtures to generate a collection of peptides for mass spectrometric analysis. Here we examine the use of multiple proteases (trypsin, LysC, ArgC, AspN, and GluC) to improve both protein identification and characterization in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using a data-dependent, decision tree-based algorithm to tailor MS(2) fragmentation method to peptide precursor, we identified 92 095 unique peptides (609 665 total) mapping to 3908 proteins at a 1% false discovery rate (FDR). These results were a significant improvement upon data from a single protease digest (trypsin) - 27 822 unique peptides corresponding to 3313 proteins. The additional 595 protein identifications were mainly from those at low abundances (i.e., < 1000 copies/cell); sequence coverage for these proteins was likewise improved nearly 3-fold. We demonstrate that large portions of the proteome are simply inaccessible following digestion with a single protease and that multiple proteases, rather than technical replicates, provide a direct route to increase both protein identifications and proteome sequence coverage.
Phosphatase activities of chicken liver and duodenum: Characteristics, levels during development, and hydrocortisone-induced changes

Abstract 1. 1.|Changes in specific activity levels of phosphatases were studied in homogenates and cell fractions of liver and duodenum from chick embryos and chicks at various stages of development. The phosphatases studied included the activities with glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-1,6-diphosphate, inorganic pyrophosphate, or ATP as substrate, all at pH 6.5 in the presence of 5 mM Mg2+, and activity with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate at pH 5.0, 6.5, and 9.5 in the presence of 5 mM Mg2+ or 5 mM Zn2+ or without added metal. In liver, there were increases about the time of hatching in the largely particulate phosphatase activities with ATP and with p-nitrophenyl phosphate in the presence of Mg2+, but decreases in the primarily soluble activity with p-nitrophenyl phosphate at pH 6.5 in the presence of Zn2+ and in the activities with Glc-6-P or Fru-1,6-P2 as substrate. In duodenum there was a marked and persistent increase about the time of hatching in activity with Glc-6-P, in addition to a dramatic increase of phosphatase activity with p-nitrophenyl phosphate or β-glycerophosphate at pH 9.5 which began shortly before hatching and reached a transient peak shortly after hatching. The duodenum also showed moderate increases in activities with Fru-1,6-P2, PPi and ATP, in the largely particulate activity with p-nitrophenyl phosphate at pH 5 or 6.5 in the presence of Mg2+, and in a largely soluble activity with p-nitrophenyl phosphate at pH 5 in the presence of Zn2+. No marked changes in intracellular distribution of activities between particulate and soluble state were observed during the developmental period studied. 2. 2.|The phosphatase activities of the chick tissues showed varied patterns of stimulation by or requirement for Mg2+, usually similar to the patterns known for analogous mammalian enzymes, and activities with several substrates were substantially inhibited by 5 mM Zn2+. 3. 3.|Administration of hydrocortisone to developing 13-day embryos gave rise in 18-day embryo duodenum to marked increases above normal 18-day levels of phosphatase activity with p-nitrophenyl phosphate and β-glycerophosphate at pH 9.5 and with Glc-6-P at pH 6.5, and to modest increases of the other activities studied. The changes are consistent with a general acceleration of normal duodenal development by hydrocortisone. In the liver, hydrocortisone administration led to substantial decreases in activity with Glc-6-P, Fru-1,6-P2 and p-nitrophenyl phosphate, but no appreciable changes in the other activities studied.
Bootstraps in Local Field Theory

The problem of formulating a bootstrap in terms of vanishing renormalization constants is discussed. It is pointed out that the equations $Z=0$ need not determine masses and coupling constants, but might be identities or else possess no solution. It is argued that this always occurs in theories in which particles are treated as made up of arbitrarily many other particles, and this is illustrated in a soluble model. Finally, various consequences of this idea are mentioned.
CottonGen: a genomics, genetics and breeding database for cotton research

CottonGen (http://www.cottongen.org) is a curated and integrated web-based relational database providing access to publicly available genomic, genetic and breeding data for cotton. CottonGen supercedes CottonDB and the Cotton Marker Database, with enhanced tools for easier data sharing, mining, visualization and data retrieval of cotton research data. CottonGen contains annotated whole genome sequences, unigenes from expressed sequence tags (ESTs), markers, trait loci, genetic maps, genes, taxonomy, germplasm, publications and communication resources for the cotton community. Annotated whole genome sequences of Gossypium raimondii are available with aligned genetic markers and transcripts. These whole genome data can be accessed through genome pages, search tools and GBrowse, a popular genome browser. Most of the published cotton genetic maps can be viewed and compared using CMap, a comparative map viewer, and are searchable via map search tools. Search tools also exist for markers, quantitative trait loci (QTLs), germplasm, publications and trait evaluation data. CottonGen also provides online analysis tools such as NCBI BLAST and Batch BLAST.
Role of a Microcin-C–like biosynthetic gene cluster in allelopathic interactions in marine Synechococcus

Competition between phytoplankton species for nutrients and light has been studied for many years, but allelopathic interactions between them have been more difficult to characterize. We used liquid and plate assays to determine whether these interactions occur between marine unicellular cyanobacteria of the genus Synechococcus. We have found a clear growth impairment of Synechococcus sp. CC9311 and Synechococcus sp. WH8102 when they are cultured in the presence of Synechococcus sp. CC9605. The genome of CC9605 contains a region showing homology to genes of the Escherichia coli Microcin C (McC) biosynthetic pathway. McC is a ribosome-synthesized peptide that inhibits translation in susceptible strains. We show that the CC9605 McC gene cluster is expressed and that three genes (mccD, mccA, and mccB) are further induced by coculture with CC9311. CC9605 was resistant to McC purified from E. coli, whereas strains CC9311 and WH8102 were sensitive. Cloning the CC9605 McC biosynthetic gene cluster into sensitive CC9311 led this strain to become resistant to both purified E. coli McC and Synechococcus sp. CC9605. A CC9605 mutant lacking mccA1, mccA2, and the N-terminal domain of mccB did not inhibit CC9311 growth, whereas the inhibition of WH8102 was reduced. Our results suggest that an McC-like molecule is involved in the allelopathic interactions with CC9605.
Effects of machining parameters and tool geometry on serrated chip formation, specific forces and energies in orthogonal cutting of nickel-based super alloy Inconel 100:

Nickel-based alloys are widely used in applications requiring high strength at elevated temperatures such as in aircraft jet engines. However, nickel-based alloys such as Inconel 100 are still cons...
The interaction between poly(oxyethyl)ated alkoxypropylamine surfactants and dyes

Abstract The interaction between dyes and 3-alkoxypropylamine nonionic surfactants [RXN(EO)p] was investigated, using one acid dye and one disperse dye. The results were compared with those from alkylamine nonionic surfactants [RN(EO)q]. RXN(EO)p interacted with both dyes less than RN(EO)q, and two kinds of complexes were formed: DSi, by ionic interaction, and DSl, by hydrophobic interaction. The effect of one oxygen atom on the interaction corresponded to that of a decrease of about 4 carbon atoms for the formation of DSi and of 2-2.5 carbon atoms for that of DSl.
HOW GENERAL ARE THE DETERMINANTS OF THE STOCHASTIC POPULATION GROWTH RATE ACROSS NEARBY SITES

A key question in both life history evolution and conservation biology is how much the contributions of different demographic processes to the rate of population growth vary from place to place. Using data from a six-year demographic study of five nearby populations, we asked, for the first time, how well the sensitivities and elasticities of the stochastic population growth rate (λs) to the means and standard deviations of underlying vital rates (survival, growth, reversion, and reproduction) can be generalized among populations. Relying on Tuljapurkar's approximation for λs, we used standard mathematical formulas for the sensitivities and elasticities of λs to the vital rate means, and we derived approximations for the sensitivities and elasticities of λs to the vital rate standard deviations. No single vital rate mean or standard deviation had the highest stochastic sensitivity or elasticity across all five populations. However, the summed sensitivities and elasticities of different types of vital rates were much more consistent: the mean survival rates had the highest summed sensitivity and elasticity, and the standard deviations of growth or reversion rates had the highest summed sensitivity or elasticity in all populations. The rank order of the individual sensitivities and elasticities of the vital rate means were, in general, also highly correlated among populations, with the exception of one population that showed a distinctive sensitivity/elasticity pattern, but the sensitivities and elasticities of the vital rate standard deviations were less correlated among populations. Environmental variables (geographical location, elevation, and geological parent material) did not predict the degree of similarity in sensitivity/elasticity patterns between population pairs. Our results show that overall patterns in the stochastic sensitivities and elasticities of mean vital rates can be extrapolated accurately across closely adjacent populations, but that caution is needed when extrapolating sensitivities/elasticities of vital rate standard deviations or when applying the single most important vital rate from one population to others.
On the design of ion implanted buried channel charge coupled devices (BCCDs)

Abstract The allowable range for the channel dose of a buried channel CCD is obtained. The maximum charge handling capacity without surface trapping effect is found to depend on the channel dose and the substrate concentration. In the case of two phase buried channel CCDs, the barrier implant dose can be estimated depending on the charge storage capacity desired. The result is applicable to ion implanted shallow junction devices and can be extended to deeper junction epitaxial buried channel devices.
Age-related changes in nigrostriatal dopaminergic function in heterozygous mutant dopamine transporter knock-out mice.

Abstract In this report we compared three different parameters of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (NSDA) function – locomotor activity, striatal dopamine (DA) levels and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)/DA ratios between heterozygous mutant dopamine transporter mice (+/− DAT) and their wild type controls (+/+ DAT) at three different age range periods: 4–10, 11–17 and 18–24 months of age. Locomotor activity of the +/− DAT mice failed to differ over the three age periods sampled. In +/+ DAT mice a significant decrease in locomotor activity was obtained at the 18–24-month old period compared with scores at the two earlier age periods. In addition, locomotor scores of +/+ DAT mice at 18–24 months of age were significantly decreased as compared with scores of the +/− DAT mice at this age. Striatal DA concentrations of +/− DAT mice also failed to differ over the three age periods sampled, while that of +/+ DAT mice showed significant decreases in striatal DA at 11–17 and 18–24 months of age as compared to their 4–10-month old cohorts. Striatal DOPAC/DA ratios were significantly increased in both +/+ and +/− DAT mice at the 11–17 and 18–24 month age periods as compared with their respective 4–10-month old groups. Striatal DOPAC/DA ratios of +/− DAT mice were significantly greater than that of the +/+ DAT mice at 18–24 months of age. These findings reveal the significance of interactions between a mutation of the dopamine transporter and aging upon NSDA function and the importance of isolating such variables when using knock-out models.
Cross-layer lifetime maximisation in wireless multihop networks with network coding

In this paper, we study the problem of maximising network lifetime in wireless multihop networks with network coding. For this aim, we introduce a cross-layer formulation with general Network Utility Maximisation NUM that accommodates routing, scheduling and stream control from different layers of network. Specifically, to maximise such a lifetime while satisfying a given traffic demand, we elaborate its objective along with a lifetime fairness constraint and the other relevant constraints across different layers. Consequently, by taking network coding into account, we resolve the optimisation problem with a stochastic primal-dual algorithm that can iteratively update its subgradients to find the saddle points involved with a smoother trajectory, and can globally converge to the optimal solutions asymptotically. In particular, the corresponding distributed algorithms can be resulted to dynamically approach the optimal in a distributed manner. Finally, our numerical results are presented to validate and exhibit the possible benefits that can be gained from the cross-layer optimisation and the corresponding algorithms.
The effect of sulfhydryl blocking groups on the thermal unfolding of αα tropomyosin coiled coils

Abstract Equilibrium thermal unfolding curves from circular dichroism are given for αα tropomyosin and for αα tropomyosin blocked at C190 by a) car☐yamidomethylation; b) car☐ymethylation. Although commonly assumed to be benign, these blocks in fact produce some weakening. All three substances are virtually completely α-helical at low T. Fraction helix vs T for parent protein is apparently monophasic (single inflection point). The curve for car☐yamidomethylated protein is very close to that of the parent, but is biphasic, with a small “pretransition”. The curve for car☐ymethylated protein is prominently biphasic, with a much larger pretransition. Some implications for the molecular model of these equilibria are discussed.
Spanish language translation of pelvic floor disorders instruments.

The purpose of the study is to translate existing measures of pelvic symptoms and quality of life from English into Spanish, facilitating research participation of Hispanic/Latina women. The forward–backward translation protocol was applied then adjudicated by a concordance committee. The measures included the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI), Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ), Medical, Epidemiological, and Social Aspects of Aging (MESA) Questionnaire, Hunskaar Severity Measure, Fecal Incontinence Severity Index and modified Manchester Questionnaire, Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (PISQ), and the Life Orientation Test (LOT). English and Spanish versions were administered to 50 Hispanic/Latina women with pelvic symptoms. Kappa correlations of items and correlation coefficients for scales were computed. Psychometric testing for translations demonstrated good (0.80–0.89), very good (0.90–0.95), or excellent (>0.95) correlations for primary scales of the PFDI, PFIQ, MESA, Hunskaar, PISQ, and LOT. Strict translation techniques and testing yielded valid Spanish translations of instruments assessing pelvic symptoms/functional life impact in women with pelvic floor disorders.
Neonatal presentation of cystic fibrosis requiring ECMO

Abstract This is a case of cystic fibrosis causing respiratory distress in a newborn who was treated successfully with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). To date, this is the only such case reported to the Neonatal ECMO Registry at the University of Michigan. ECMO can be a life-saving intervention in these neonates. Advances in the total care of these patients make them acceptable candidates for neonatal ECMO, but the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis raises many questions about their suitability for ECMO at older ages, as the associated pulmonary disease becomes less reversible.
Numerical Modeling of Fully-Transient Flow in the Near-Wellbore Region During Liquid Loading in Gas Wells

In oil and gas field operations, the dynamic interactions between reservoir and wellbore cannot be ignored, especially during transient flow in the near-wellbore region. A particular instance of transient flow in the near-wellbore region is the intermittent response of a reservoir that is typical of liquid loading in gas wells. Despite the high level of attention that the industry has devoted to the alleviation of liquid loading, the fundamental understanding of the associated phenomena is still surprisingly weak. This applies not only to the flows in the wells, but also to the ways in which these flows interact with those in the reservoir. The classical way of dealing with these interactions, inflow performance relationships (IPRs), relate the inflow from the reservoir to the pressure at the bottom of the well, which is related to the multiphase flow behavior in the tubing. These relationships are usually based on steady-state or pseudo steady-state assumptions. However, such IPRs may be inadequate when a transition from an acceptable liquid loading regime to an unacceptable occurs over a relatively small range of production rates and, hence, over a relatively short time. The most satisfactory solution would be to couple a transient model for the reservoir to a transient model for the well. This paper presents the results of a numerical modeling effort focused on the identification of the transient pressure profile in the near-wellbore region during fully transient flow conditions. The preliminary results, obtained for a single-phase (gas) situation and for a three-phase (oil-water-gas) situation, show a "U-shaped" pressure profile along the reservoir radius. The existence of a similar pressure profile could be the explanation for the reinjection of the heavier phase into the reservoir during liquid unloading in gas wells.
Primary Medication Non-Adherence: Analysis of 195,930 Electronic Prescriptions

BACKGROUND Non-adherence to essential medications represents an important public health problem. Little is known about the frequency with which patients fail to fill prescriptions when new medications are started (“primary non-adherence”) or predictors of failure to fill.
Temperature dependence of light-induced scattering in a Ce:Fe:LiNbO 3 photorefractive crystal

Light-induced scattering in a Ce:Fe:LiNbO3 crystal is highly temperature dependent. By considering the effect due to thermally acti- vated ions in a photorefractive crystal, we have shown that the photoin- duced space-charge field is neutralized by the activated ions. This neu- tralization in turn leads to a reduction of scattering noise in the crystal. By raising the crystal temperature, we have observed a reduction in scatter- ing noise, which is consistent with our prediction. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in a two-wave mixing amplification due to thermal activation effect is analyzed. Experimental demonstrations using a Ce:Fe:LiNbO3 crystal are provided in which we have shown that the SNR improves as the crystal temperature increases. © 1996 Society of Photo-Optical In- strumentation Engineers. Subject terms: photorefractive materials; lithium niobate; light scattering; volume holograms; two-wave mixing; holographic storage.
Computing with stochastic processors: revisiting the correctness contract between software and hardware

Moore's Law, the primary driver for the astonishing advances in computing, is being threatened due to manufacturing and environmental variations and the resulting non-determinism in the circuit behavior. The non-determinism is exacerbated by the dynamic voltage and timing variations caused by the unprecedented increase in the power density of the chips and the time and context-dependent variation in temperature and utilization across the chip. The most immediate impact of such non-determinism is on chip yields and manufacturing costs. Recent predictions suggest that unless chip yields improve or manufacturing costs are tamed, process shrinks beyond 18nm may become infeasible. Clearly the status quo cannot continue, and we must find a solution to the non-determinism problem' if the semiconductor industry has to remain a viable driver of technological innovation and capabilities for the future. In this talk, I will argue that the problem is not non-determinism per se, but the way computer system designers treat it. The chip components have become stochastic, yet, the basic approach to designing and operating computing machines has remained unchanged. Software continues to expect hardware to behave flawlessly for all inputs under all conditions, while hardware is overdesigned to meet this software mindset. I will argue that the cost of maintaining the abstraction of flawless hardware will soon become prohibitive and that we need to fundamentally rethink the correctness contract between hardware and software. Instead of computing machines where the hardware variations are hidden from the software through over-design, I will present a vision of computing machines where a) these variations are fully exposed to the highest layers of software in form of hardware errors, and b) errors are managed through architectural and design techniques to maximize power savings afforded by relaxed correctness. The hardware would be deliberately under-designed with relaxed constraints to allow errors, especially for rare computation, and produce stochastically correct results even under nominal conditions. The software would be aware of hardware errors and proactively self-adapt. We call such under-designed processors that produce only stochastically correct results even under nominal conditions and rely on software adaptability and architectural resilience for tolerating errors, stochastic processors. We call the applications that have been implemented to be adaptively error-tolerant, stochastic applications. I will discuss approaches to architect and design stochastic processors and stochastic applications.
Noninvasive detection of active pericardial bleeding using cardiac blood pool scintigraphy

The diagnosis of active pericardial bleeding has traditionally depended on an invasive documentation by needle aspiration, angiography, or direct inspection. Blood pool scintigraphy performed in 2 patients just before and after the development of hemopericardium revealed unique images in which acute pericardial bleeding manifested itself by an additional blood pool adjacent to the cardiac chambers. With appropriate attention to technical factors, such distinctive images should be highly specific for active bleeding into the pericardial sac.
Phase equilibria effects on the enhanced liquid phase sintering of tungsten-copper

The sintering behavior and mechanical properties of W-Cu are improved by the addition of elements that have solubility for W,e.g., Co, Ni, Fe, and Pd. The degree of enhancement with small concentrations of additive is dependent on specific phase diagram features, and the ranking of effectiveness does not follow the trend observed for the activated solid-state sintering of W. These observations are explained through a combination of liquid phase sintering and activated sintering theories that considers the combined W, Cu, and activator phase equilibria effects. In small concentrations, Ni and Pd have little effect on densification because they go into solution with Cu, resulting in only a slight increase in the solubility of W in the liquid phase. In this case, the sintered density, strength, and hardness increase with increasing additive concentration due to enhanced densification through solution-reprecipitation. Cobalt and Fe are the most ef-fective activators due to their limited solubility in Cu and the formation of a stable intermetallic phase with W at the sintering temperature. This promotes the formation of a high-diffusivity interboundary layer which enhances solid-state sintering of the tungsten grains at temperatures at which a liquid phase is present. With Co and Fe additions, the sintered density, strength, and hardness peak with activator concentrations of 0.35 to 0.5 wt pct. An evaluation of models for activated solid-state sintering and liquid phase sintering indicates a substantial solid-state contribution to densification when a high-diffusivity interboundary layer is present and the sol-ubility of W in the liquid phase is small.
Shame and Guilt: The Psychology of Sacramental Confession

“Comfort, give comfort to my people, says your God. Speak tenderly to Jerusalem, and proclaim to her that her service is at an end, that her guilt is expiated …” Isaiah 40:1–4
Intraocular ovarian isografts in male rats and their response to luteinizing hormone.

Intraocular ovarian isografts in intact male rats, and in those castrated after graft establishment, develop vesicular follicles only, although grafts in the latter animals are more than twice the size of those in the former and have more than twice the number of follicles. Identical grafts in rats castrated before grafting develop vesicular, cystic, hemorrhagic and luteinized follicles over a period of about a month after grafting; thereafter the grafts show vesicular follicles only. Administration of a single dose of 5 ng of luteinizing hormone (LH) induces the formation of persistent hyperemic corpora lutea in almost all grafts in either type of castrated animal, suggesting the presence of endogenous luteotropin. A similar response occurs in grafts of intact animals after 25 but not after 5 Mg of LH. Mammary gland development does not differ between intact grafted and ungrafted normal male rats. In animals castrated after grafting, there is ductal and alveolar stimulation, and in those castrated before...
Complement factor H Y402H gene polymorphism, C-reactive protein, and risk of incident myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, and venous thromboembolism: a nested case-control study.

Abstract Objectives An exonic polymorphism (Y402H) in the complement factor H ( CFH ) gene, which locates within the binding sites for heparin and C-reactive protein, has recently been described and hypothesized to play an important role in atherothrombosis. Methods We, therefore, evaluated the CFH genetic variant Y402H amongst 685 Caucasian individuals who subsequently developed arterial or venous thrombotic event (incident myocardial infarction (MI), ischaemic stroke, or venous thromboembolism) and amongst 685 age- and smoking-matched Caucasian individuals who remained free of reported vascular disease during follow-up (controls) within the Physicians' Health Study cohort. Results Genotype distribution for the polymorphism tested was in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in the control group. In contrast to expected results, we found no association of Y402H polymorphism with risk of atherothrombosis (adjusted: myocardial infarction, OR=1.09, 95%CI 0.88–1.36, p =0.43; ischaemic stroke, OR=1.11, 95%CI 0.81–1.54, p =0.52; venous thromboembolism, OR=1.41, 95%CI 0.88–2.24, p =0.15), nor with baseline plasma C-reactive protein levels [median (interquartile range) mg/L: YY , 1.39 (0.70–2.60); YH , 1.10 (0.57–2.16); HH , 1.00 (0.48–1.79); p =0.14]. Conclusions In this large, prospective cohort of apparently healthy Caucasian men, we found no association of the complement factor H Y402H gene polymorphism with risk of incident thromboembolic events, nor with baseline levels of C-reactive protein.
QUANTITATIVE GENETICS AND THE PERSISTENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS IN CLONALLY PROPAGATED ORGANISMS

Abstract Phenotype is often viewed as a product of genes and the environment in which these genes are expressed. However, numerous studies have shown that environment can cause lasting changes in phenotype that can be passed from one generation to the next, much as genes are transmitted. In clonally propagated organisms, persistence of environmental effects has been observed in a range of plant and animal species, but has rarely been the object of study. We measured the persistence and magnitude of environmental effects on phenotype over three clonal generations in the arctic sedge Eriophorum vaginatum. We found that the environment in which tillers developed had large effects on their later performance (parental effects) and that these effects were in part independent of the size of tillers. The magnitude and persistence of environmental effects did not differ between environmental treatments or among genotypes. However, after 52 weeks of growth and two rounds of clonal propagation, grandparental treatme...
Geomorphic, geographic, and hydrographic basis for resolving the Mono Lake controversy

One of the most highly publicized and protracted land-use conflicts currently being waged in the western United States involves Mono Lake, a large, hypersaline water body that lies in the lee of California's Sierra Nevada. Since 1940, when the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power began to divert the tributary streams that feed Mono Lake, the lake surface has dropped 45 ft (14 m), lake volume has been halved, and lake salinity has doubled. Dust storms resulting from deflation of newly exposed playa surfaces have increased in intensity, and the spatial dimensions of lacustrine habitats have been reduced. Islands used by nesting gulls have become peninsulas, permitting coyotes to invade and disrupt the rookeries.
Interfacial and plasmon-decay peaks in the Auger spectra of titanium and iron

Abstract Observations of interfacial Auger peaks in the systems oxygen-titanium, nitrogen-titanium and oxygen-iron are reported. A feature common to these peaks is an increase in intensity from zero through a maximum followed by a significant decrease as the substrate surface is exposed to the adsorbate. The coverage at which the maximum occurs is often, but not always, one monolayer. This paper also reports the observation of plasmon-decay peaks in the low-energy region of the Auger spectrum of clean iron, and the interesting behavior of the intensity of such a peak with increasing coverage of the clean iron surface by sulfur.
Combined etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin in the treatment of patients with advanced thymoma and thymic carcinoma: an intergroup trial.

Background Patients with thymic tumors (thymoma and thymic carcinoma) are known to respond to a variety of chemotherapeutic agents, including single-agent ifosfamide and cisplatin with etoposide. The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the response rate, progression free survival, overall survival, and toxicity of combined etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (VIP) in patients with advanced thymoma and thymic carcinoma. Methods From July 1995 through February 1997, 34 patients with advanced thymoma or thymic carcinoma were entered on trial to receive etoposide (75 mg/m2 on Days 1-4) ifosfamide (1.2 g/m2 on Days 1-4), and cisplatin (20 mg/m2 on Days 1-4). Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks for four total cycles. Results Among 28 evaluable patients (pathology review excluded 6 patients), there were no complete responses and 9 partial responses (complete and partial responses combined, 32%; 95% confidence interval, 16-52%). The median follow-up was 43 months (range, 12.8-52.3 months), the median duration of response was 11.9 months (range, Conclusions The VIP regimen has moderate activity in patients with advanced thymic malignancies. However, with limited follow-up, the results of this trial appear to be inferior to other chemotherapy regimens reported in large Phase II trials performed in patients with this disease.
Terahertz Pioneer: Derek Humphery Martin “The Mesh That Helped Ensnare the Cosmic Microwave Background”

Profiles Derek Humphery Martin, discusses his background and education, and examines his work in the field of terahertz and microwave technology and applications development.
Chemotherapy Treatment of Chyloperitoneum and Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Due to Cervical Cancer—Review of Literature

We report a case of chyloperitoneum and peritoneal carcinomatosis 8 months after radiation therapy for cervical cancer and treatment with lowfat diet, diuretics, and systemic combination chemotherapy. The literature of chyloperitoneum complicating gynecological malignancies is reviewed.
Earthquakes: Casting stress shadows

Earthquakes may trigger or retard quakes on nearby faults, but such relationships are difficult to verify. Observations showing that the Landers earthquake in California shut down aftershocks from a preceding event validate such relationships.