cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhanced postprandial gastric myoelectrical activity after moderate-intensity exercise

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the change of postprandial gastric myoelectrical activity and its relation with vagal activity after exercise. METHODS: Nine subjects were studied in two sessions. In the control session, gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded using electrogastrography (EGG) for 30 min in the fasting state and 60 min after a test meal. In the exercise session, after the baseline recording of both the EGG and electrocardiogram (ECG), the subject was put on a cycle ergometer for exercise until reaching 50% of the maximum age-predicted heart rate for 10 min. The test meal was then given and the recording was resumed for 60 more minutes. Spectral analyses were performed on both the EGG and the heart rate variability derived from the ECG. RESULTS: The postprandial increment of the dominant power (p < 0.05) and the percentage of the 2–4 cpm slow waves (p = 0.01) were significantly higher with exercise. The standard deviation of the postprandial dominant frequency was significantly decreased (more stable slow waves) with exercise (p < 0.04). While cardiac vagal activity was significantly decreased after the meal, exercise did not significantly affect the postprandial change. CONCLUSIONS: Gastric slow waves become more regular, more stable, and of higher amplitude after exercise, and this enhancement is probably not mediated via the vagal pathway.
Attributional Style, Task Selection, and Achievement.

The role of causal attributions in determining motivation to achieve has been the object of intensive study with generally interesting and valuable results (Dweck & Goetz, 1978; Weiner, in press). Thus, it seems quite clear that causal attributions play a critical role in determining the perception of success and failure as such (cf. Maehr & Nicholls, in press) and also mediate responses to these perceived events. Regarding the latter, a primary focus has been on certain behavioral patterns like persistence (see, for example, Andrews & Debus, 1978) at a task in the face of success, failure, or a moderate degree of challenge. Of course, it is of major importance to learn that certain causal attributions affect persistence at a learning task. Such attention to learning tasks not only determines immediate performance levels but ultimately should determine the course of intellectual growth (cf. Rosenshine & Berliner, 1978).
FEDWORLD, THOMAS, AND CBDNET:

Abstract The National Technical Information Service’s development of the FedWorld Internet site, the Library of Congress’s development of THOMAS, and the Government Printing Office’s development of CBDnet illustrate the many forces impacting federal government information dissemination in the 1990s. These forces include budgeting, congressional inconsistency, technology, political agendas, and competition. While information dissemination policy discussion and legislation, including the American Technology Preeminence Act of 1991 (the foundation for FedWorld) and the Government Printing Office Electronic Information Access Enhancement Act of 1993 (the foundation for GPO Access) aim to provide comprehensiveness and single point access to government information, the actual products developed show little coordination or cooperation among agencies. The products are agency driven, and provide multiple points of access. This highly decentralized information reality reflects the decentralized nature of the federal government itself. The reality is removed, however, from the goals of a singularly consistent federal government information dissemination policy.
Politics, social forces, and engineering management

Abstract This paper argues, and by three case studies exemplifies, a plausible generalization: that steps taken by government to protect the public are often counter-productive. Measures taken by the City of Baltimore to prevent corruption in public works projects, the conception and enforcement of safety standards in automotive design, and lengthy precautionary delays in the construction of nuclear power plants are shown to incur costs that exceed benefits.
Orthogonal view analysis for evaluating the femoral component position of total hip implants in dogs using postoperative radiographs.

Objective— To show the ability to obtain repeatable, accurate, quantitative data to assess the position of the femoral component of canine total hip implants using postoperative radiographs. Study Design— Cadaveric study and clinical trial. Animals— Five cadaveric canine femurs and 4 patients. Methods— Femoral implants were placed into 5 cadaveric canine femurs in predetermined locations. Orthogonal radiographs were taken of each femur at 10° intervals as they were moved through a natural range of hip motion. An assessment of implant position was made with each set of radiographs and analyzed to observe significant inconsistencies in the values obtained when the femur was repositioned. Three investigators positioned and radiographed the hips of 4 client-owned dogs that had total hip arthroplasty (THA). Each investigator obtained a set of orthogonal radiographic views from which implant position was measured. The measurements obtained from each investigator's set of radiographs were statistically analyzed to evaluate for interobserver differences. Results— The methods described indicate that consistent data regarding femoral implant placement can be obtained from postoperative radiographs of THA patients. Under most circumstances, change in position of the femur did not significantly affect femoral implant measurements. There were no significant differences noted among values obtained by different investigators. Conclusions— Measurements based on the femoral and implant axes obtained from orthogonal radiographic views of the femur provide a means for obtaining accurate and consistent quantitative data regarding femoral implant position using postoperative radiographs of canine THA patients. Clinical Relevance— Acquisition of quantitative information about femoral implant position using postoperative radiographs will facilitate development of a readily available data source. This information, attainable in a clinical setting, may help identify elements of implant position that are important in determining the clinical outcome of THA in dogs.
Studies of hCG binding and endocytosis in rat ovary by ultrastructural immunocytochemistry.

Localization of hCG binding sites and the process of endocytosis in pseudopregnant rat ovaries were investigated by indirect electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry. Immature female rats were treated with pregnant-mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to induce ovarian luteinization. Eight days after priming with PMSG-hCG and 1–6 h before sacrifice the animals were given another injection of hCG to bind the receptors. Receptor sites to hCG localized by reaction product were present in most luteal cells, but not in primary follicular cells. The receptor sites were distributed on luteal cell surfaces facing interstitial spaces. Endocytotic pits containing hCG binding sites were rarely seen 1 h after hCG injection. At 2 h, hCG and presumably its receptor were taken up within endocytotic vesicles with the evidence of reaction product coated on the vesicle wall. With time, fusion of endocytotic vesicles with lysosome occurred and the reaction product appeared in phagolysosomes. The reaction product was localized on phagolysosomal inner surface or in free granular form. These findings suggest that hCG and its receptors were internalized through endocytotic pits and endocytotic vesicles and delivered to lysosomes probably for degradation. An additional experiment for localization of acid phosphatase was also performed to delineate the lysosomes and phagolysosomes.
Radio jets and bridges in the classical double sources 3C388 and 0816 + 526

We report on 4885-MHz full synthesis high-resolution (1″) observations [using the NRAO Very Large Array (VLA)] of the ‘classical’ double radio sources 0816 + 526 and 3C388. Classical double sources are characterized by strong emission peaks (lobes) at the extremities of a linear structure. Although at lower resolution these sources both appear to have simple double-lobed morphologies, the VLA maps reveal several important new features. 0816 + 516 was found to have very sharp leading edges indicative of strong deceleration, possibly as a result of encountering a dense extragalactic background gas. The transverse boundaries of the components are also quite steep but still consistent with constant emissivity-filled cylinders rather than limb-brightening. The morphology of 3C388 is dramatically different from 0816 + 526, since it includes a bright radio jet. Unlike previously observed radio jets which are usually found between the nucleus of the radio galaxy and its extended lobes, the jet in 3C388 is embedded inside the southwestern lobe and a prominent gap in the radio emission exists between the radio nucleus and the beginning of the jet. These observations clearly illustrate that a variety of source substructures, which must be dealt with in theoretical models, exist within radio galaxies which were previously classified simply as classical doubles.
An approach for identifying JavaScript-loaded advertisements through static program analysis

Motivated by reasons related to privacy, obtrusiveness, and security, there is great interest in the prospect of blocking advertisements. Current approaches to this goal involve keeping sets of URL-based regular expressions, which are matched against every URL fetched on a web page. While generally effective, this approach is not scalable and requires constant manual maintenance of the filtering lists. To counter these shortcomings, we present a fundamentally different approach with which we demonstrate that static program analysis on JavaScript source code can be used to identify JavaScript that loads and displays ads. Our use of static analysis lets us flag and block ad-related scripts before runtime, offering security in addition to blocking ads. Preliminary results from a classifier trained on the features we develop achieve 98% accuracy in identifying ad-related scripts.
Neurocognitive Deficits in Adolescents With Schizophrenia: Longitudinal Stability and Predictive Utility for Short-Term Functional Outcome

ABSTRACT Objective Previous cross-sectional studies in adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia (EOS; onset of psychotic symptoms by 18 years of age) have reported patterns of generalized neurocognitive deficits as compared to healthy comparison subjects (HCSs). Here, the authors examined the longitudinal stability of neuropsychological deficits in adolescents with EOS relative to HCS and the associations of these deficits with short-term functional outcome in patients. Method Fifty-two subjects (26 EOS, 26 HCS) were evaluated using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery a median of 13 months after baseline examination. The stability of scores and the relationship between baseline test performance and functional outcome in patients was explored. Results Adolescents with EOS were impaired across neurocognitive domains at baseline and follow-up compared to HCSs; these deficits remained relatively stable over time. Follow-up social/communication, personal living, and community living skills were significantly related to attention/vigilance, working memory and verbal memory at baseline; individual cognitive domains were more strongly related to functional outcome than a global measure of intelligence. Conclusions Neuropsychological impairment in patients with EOS appears to remain relatively stable over time regardless of changes in clinical state. In addition, this report offers preliminary support for a longitudinal relationship between neurocognitive performance in specific domains and functional outcome.
A triangular thick plate finite element with an exact thin limit

Abstract We present a new formulation for a triangular finite element developed within the framework of a shear deformable plate theory. The element takes advantage of internal rotational degrees of freedom and a linked interpolation between the transverse displacement and the rotations. The element has excellent interpolating capacity and presents no locking effects; in fact, the shear energy may be set identically equal to zero without introducing any ill-conditioning, thus recovering a proper thin plate limit.
The synthesis of different platinum-particle geometries by the chemical reduction of chloroplatinic acid

Abstract Small platinum-particles have been synthesized in the form of spheres, chains, and composites by the chemical reduction of chloroplatinic acid. The morphology and size of the platinum particles depends on the nature of the reducing agent, presence and type of a protective agent as well as the reaction conditions. Polyvinylpyrrolidone was found to be the optimum protective agent due to its low protective ratio and high purity. The potential of this chemical-reduction approach is outlined, and detailed investigations of the chemical and physical properties of these interesting materials are encouraged.
STDP-enabled learning on a reconfigurable neuromorphic platform

Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP) is a well-known mechanism that implements learning in biological neural networks. We have developed a neuromorphic integrated circuit which contains 100 neurons and 30,000 synapses, 20,000 of which can follow an STDP learning rule. This work presents the initial results for circuits utilizing STDP on this chip.
Effects of varying length of stimulus series and response scale upon response latency, response uncertainty, and transmitted information

A 3 by 3 orthogonal design was employed t o study the interrelations among response latency (RL), response uncertainty (ER), and transmitted information Nine groups of Ss judged the size of 5, 20, or 40 projected squares in terms of 5, 20, or 40 response categories. Patterns of change in ER and RL over the three stimulus series were differentially effected by increases in the number of available response categories. The increase from 5 to 20 response categories produced, for successively longer stimulus series, a constantly increasing change in ER; the further increase from 20 to 40 categories produced a contrasting, constantly decreasing change in ER. The same two changes in number of response categories produced the same pattern of change in RL over the 5- and 20-stimulus series but reversed the pattern for the 40-stimulus series. Correlations between ER and RL ranged from .28 to .99 and tended to maximize when number of response categories equaled the number of stimuli. It was relatively low under all conditions. Within the 5- and 20-stimulus series, increases from 5 to 20 to 40 available responses increased RL in a negatively accelerated fashion but did not increase It. Within the 40-stimulus series, the same increases in number of available responses produced an essentially linear increase in both It and RL.
COMPARISON OF AUDITORY AND VISUAL FEEDBACK FOR EMG TRAINING

Surnmmy.-27 undergraduate students participated in an experiment on EMG biofeedback. Three groups were employed (visual biofeedback, audio biofeedback, and control) to determine which group learned to reduce frontalis muscle tension more quickly. All subjects were trained during a 30-min. period for five days. The time consisted of a 10-min. baseline and a 20-min. biofeedback session. Over a 5-day period relaxation in the forehead due to biofeedback improved significantly. More training time yielded an increased relaxation in this area, and most learning occurred during the first two days. The significant interaction of training and time illustrated that the two biofeedback groups produced a more pronounced relaxation in the forehead muscle than did the control group. No significant difference was found between the two biofeedback groups. The role of biofeedback in reducing muscular activity has been well documented for several years but the particular type of feedback to be used in various situations still presents an enigma to researchers and clinicians. Comparing auditory, visual, and tactile methods for producing reduced muscle activity, Schandler and Grings (4) found that auditory feedback showed significant reductions after treatment on all measures (heart rate, systolic blood pressure, respiration rate, extensor EMG, and frontalis EMG, but not skin conductance). While producing significant reductions in heart rate, respiratory rate, and EMG activity, the visual feedback displayed EMG post-treatment levels above posttreatment tactile feedback. Furthermore, Alexander, French, and Goodman (1) showed that auditory EMG feedback from the frontalis muscle led subjects to decrease frontalis activity significantly, while visual EMG feedback from the frontalis was ineffective. ~lanchard and Young (2) noted no difference between auditory and visual feedback in the self-control of heart rate using the EKG. The characteristics of EMG biofeedback have shown rapid effects after minimal training and high subjective involvement. It is possible to conclude that EMG feedback procedures may be well suited for reducing psychological and physiological correlates of tension during relatively short-term laboratory sessions. The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term and signifi
Intermediate vector mesons and unitary symmetry

A theory is formulated of the weak interaction in connection with the unitary symmetry model by introducing charged and neutral intermediate vector mesons. It is assumed that weak baryonic currents or the interaction are components of some unitary octet and that the resulting effective interaction of nonleptonic, strangeness-violating processes is also a component of another unitary octet. Four distinct vector mesons are used to satisfy the theory. (R.E.U.)
Some effects of meperidine (Demerol) on gastro-enteric, extra-hepatic biliary, and cardiovascular activity*,

A reinvestigation of some of the pharmacologic properties of meperidine indicates that atropine-like action cannot be demonstrated on the small intestine, extra-hepatic biliary tract or cardiovascular system of the dog. A decrease in gastric emptying in man cannot be interpreted as antispasmodic action. Evidence is cited which would place meperidine in a pharmacologic class with morphine rather than atropine with respect to its effect on structures innervated by the autonomic nervous system.
Legislated Ethics: From Enron to Sarbanes-Oxley, the Impact on Corporate America

This paper explores the financial reporting scandals of the past decade and the resulting U.S. legislative attempts to impose ethical behavior and control the incidence of new reporting problems via the Sarbanes-Oxley legislation. We begin with a brief historical perspective followed by assertions of ethical consequences of legislation with discussions of key recent corporate scandals, the motives for the frauds, and the consequences. Ethics related provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act are discussed with the potential impact of the legislation on the likelihood of similar future frauds and accompanying prognosis for future corporate ethical behavior.
Non-random association of the Rsa I polymorphic site 5' to the beta-globin gene with major sickle cell haplotypes.

There are three main African haplotypes associated with the sickle mutation on chromosome 11. We have examined an Rsa I polymorphism 550 bp 5′ to the beta-globin gene to study the degree of linkage disequilibrium between this Rsa I site and the three haplotypes. This Rsa I site is contained within the 10.3 kb or less area of randoization separating the 5′-and 3′-haplotype clusters. The βS-containing chromosomes of the Benin and Senegal haplotypes are not cut, while those of the Central African Republic are cleaved by Rsa I at this site. Possible explanations of these findings are discussed.
Loss of post-transcriptional regulation of DNMT3b by microRNAs: A possible molecular mechanism for the hypermethylation defect observed in a subset of breast cancer cell lines

A hypermethylation defect associated with DNMT hyperactivity and DNMT3b overexpression characterizes a subset of breast cancers and breast cancer cell lines. We analyzed breast cancer cell lines for differential expression of regulatory miRs to determine if loss of miR-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of DNMT3b represents the molecular mechanism that governs the overexpression of DNMT3b that drives the hypermethylation defect in breast cancer. MicroRNAs (miRs) that regulate (miR-29a, miR-29b, miR-29c, miR-148a, miR-148b) or are predicted (miR-26a, miR-26b, miR-203, miR-222) to regulate DNMT3b were examined among 10 hypermethylator and 6 non-hypermethylator breast cancer cell lines. Hypermethylator cell lines express diminished levels of miR-29c, miR-148a, miR-148b, miR-26a, miR-26b, and miR-203 compared to non-hypermethylator cell lines. miR expression patterns correlate inversely with methylation-sensitive gene expression (r=-0.66, p=0.0056) and directly with the methylation status of these genes (r=0.72, p=0.002). To determine the mechanistic role of specific miRs in the dysregulation of DNMT3b among breast cancer cell lines, miR levels were modulated by transfection of pre-miR precursors for miR-148b, miR-26b, and miR-29c into hypermethylator cell lines (Hs578T, HCC1937, SUM185) and transfection of antagomirs directed against miR-148b, miR-26b, and miR-29c into non-hypermethylator cell lines (BT20, MDA-MB-415, MDA-MB-468). Antagomir-mediated knock-down of miR-148b, miR-29c, and miR-26b significantly increased DNMT3b mRNA in non-hypermethylator cell lines, and re-expression of miR-148b, miR-29c, and miR-26b following transfection of pre-miR precursors significantly reduced DNMT3b mRNA in hypermethylator cell lines. These findings strongly suggest that: i) post-transcriptional regulation of DNMT3b is combinatorial, ii) diminished expression of regulatory miRs contributes to DNMT3b overexpression, iii) re-expression of regulatory miRs reduces DNMT3b mRNA levels in hypermethylator breast cancer cell lines, and iv) down-regulation of regulatory miRs increases DNMT3b mRNA levels in non-hypermethylator breast cancer cell lines. In conlcusion, the molecular mechanism governing the DNMT3b-mediated hypermethylation defect in breast cancer cell lines involves the loss of post-transcriptional regulation of DNMT3b by regulatory miRs.
Computer-Integrated Charting for Clinical Nutrition Services.

Abstract The objective of this project was to automate clinical nutrition documentation, and integrate as such into the organization-wide computer-based system. Using the department's pre-printed forms for charting as its foundation, the data base was built from existing practice guidelines and approved standards of care. After extensive testing, re-building and integration testing, employee training was initiated and was extended throughout all phases of the data base conversion. The greatest impact on patient care has been the ability to readily access patient information via the data repository. Such data collected or recorded from either prior admissions or through outpatient therapies can be easily retrieved by any authorized professional throughout the health care system. No longer does the clinician scramble to find a height, weight, lab result or previous diet order; it can be located through only a few simple keystrokes! Other positive aspects of the computer integration have been the total coordination of patient orders, the capability for work assignment, the standardization of documentation and chart forms, the ability to place a charge for care given at the point of service, and the accurate monitoring of quality improvement data and productivity statistics. Changing practice never comes without its share of challenges. Probably the most difficult aspects have been the limited availability of hardware, training issues, and some inefficiency in work patterns; e.g. since not all departments are presently integrated, a permanent medical record is also being maintained which has resulted in some re-work and duplication of efforts. Once these other departments become fully integrated, the benefits will definitely outweigh the drawbacks. Computer technology continues to change the face of dietetics;. practitioners and clinical managers must keep apace with it!
The mechanics of electronic materials

The primary engineering function of electronic materials is the control of electric charge for some useful purpose, rather than any mechanical load carrying function. However, mechanical stress and its consequences are central factors in the fabrication, performance and reliability of microelectronic devices, broadly affecting one of the largest industries in the world. Here, attention is focused on the role of stress in the fabrication of semiconductor heterostructures. Particular attention is devoted to strain relaxation by dislocation formation and interaction, stress-driven surface morphology evolution, and the influence of strain on electronic transport characteristics in quantum structures relevant to the next generation of devices.
Personal view: 'Don't ask, don't tell' - the undesirable consequences of incidental test results in gastroenterology

A gastroenterologist is frequently approached to perform an endoscopic procedure after an incidental test has resulted in an unexpected positive finding. Should the incidental test result be ignored or automatically followed by an endoscopic procedure? The present analysis strives to characterize the common pattern of such scenarios and resolve their underlying dilemma. A model of game theory is used as a mathematical tool to develop general management strategies. Three clinical scenarios are used as examples to demonstrate this approach. The model is based on how doctors rank the various outcomes with which they are confronted by the incidental test results. The ranks of different outcomes are listed in a decision matrix that is converted into a two-by-two, non-zero, ordinal game. All scenarios of incidental test results emerge as a similar type of game that is best played by both parties adhering to the same set of strategies: 'Don't do the test' and 'don't respond to whatever test result it yields'. These two strategies lead to a Nash equilibrium for a non-zero game, where neither party can improve its payoff any further by choosing a different strategy. Although the equilibrium does not provide the individual players with their best possible payoff, it yields the best overall outcome available to both parties given the economic and medical constraints of the situation.
1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) exerts an anorexic action that is blocked by 5-HT2 antagonists in rats.

Previous literature suggests that the anorexic action of peripherally administered serotonin (5-HT) is mediated by 5-HT2 receptors. This study, therefore, examined the effect of DOI, a non-indole 5-HT2 agonist, on deprivation-induced feeding. Rats were first adapted to a schedule in which a milk diet was presented for 6 h daily. Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of DOI (1.0–11.2 μmol/kg) inhibited feeding in a dose-related fashion (ID50=2.6 μmol/kg). One hour pretreatment with 6.0 μmol/kg of the 5-HT2 antagonists ketanserin and LY53857 completely reversed the anorexic action of an equimolar dose of DOI. Neither ketanserin nor LY53857, alone, altered baseline feeding. Further testing demonstrated the antagonistic effect of LY53857 (0.047–6.0 μmol/kg, IP) to be dose related, with an ID50 of 0.14 μmol/kg. Ten minute pretreatment with 1-(1-naphthyl)-piperazine (1-NP; 2.0 or 4.0 μmol/kg), a mixed-acting agent with 5HT2 blocking actions, also attenuated the anorexic effect of 6.0 μmol/kg DOI. Unlike ketanserin and LY53857, however, 1-NP did reduce food intake by itself. By contrast with ketanserin, LY53857 and 1-NP, the peripherally-acting 5-HT2 antagonist xylamidine failed to alter the anorexic effect of DOI. Taken together, these results suggest that central 5-HT2 receptors are important in the control of ingestive behavior.
Sequence and single-base polymorphisms of the bovine α-lactalbumin 5'-flanking region

Abstract The α-lactalbumin (αLA)-encoding gene is a potential quantitative trait locus in dairy animals. In cattle, the production of αLA is tightly coupled to the onset of lactation and it serves as a regulatory subunit of the enzyme responsible for lactose synthesis. Lactose is the major osmole controlling water movement in the mammary gland. To better understand the control of bovine αLA expression, the 5'-flanking region of a Holstein αLA gene was cloned and sequenced. The sequenced clone contains 1952 bp of 5'-flanking region and 66-bp of the protein-coding region. Three single-bp polymorphisms were identified within this region. These polymorphisms occur at positions + 15, + 21 and + 54 relative to the mRNA transcription start point (tsp). The + 15 and + 21 variations occur in the region encoding the 5'-untranslated region of the mRNA-coding sequence. The + 54 polymorphism is a silent mutation in the SP-coding region of the gene. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR, Cetus)-based screening method has been employed to analyze the genotype of cattle at the + 15 position. A total of 501 randomly selected cattle from seven breeds were screened for this allele. Of these animals, only the Holstein breed of cattle was found to contain the + 15 variation and it occurs at a gene frequency of 32%. Sequence comparisons were conducted between the 5'-flanking regions of the bovine-milk-protein encoding genes, αLA, β-casein and αS1-casein, which are coordinately expressed. Regions of similarity extending to 350 bp in length were observed between these sequences.
Effect of Thermal Processing on Endogenous and Added Iron in Canned Spinach

The effect of thermal processing on endogenous and added iron in canned spinach puree was investigated. Eight different sources of iron were evaluated for their distribution of iron forms, or “iron profile” after four treatments. The treatments included: control, unprocessed, processed, and processed with ascorbate. Iron endogenous to raw spinach was 93% in the insoluble form whereas iron added to spinach varied widely in degree of insolubility. For certain iron sources, processing increased the proportion of insoluble as well as ferrous iron over what was present in unprocessed spinach. Processing with ascorbate also increased ferrous iron in some cases. One iron source, ferric EDTA, was exceptional as it was affected minimally in all four treatments. The effects of foods and processes on iron chemistry may help explain the large variations in iron absorption observed from various foods and diets.
Wire Dynamics and Ablation Model for the Implosion of Wire Arrays of Complex Geometry and Composition

Summary form only given. The wire dynamics model (WDM) can effectively replace the generic 0D model in simulation of implosions of arbitrarily-shaped wire arrays, including low-wire-number nested and planar array loads on 1 MA generators as well as high-wire-number array loads on multi-MA current accelerators. Fast and inexpensive WDM modeling can predict the array implosion time and the rate of thermalization of the kinetic energy, and can estimate the timing of the X-ray pulse . Besides serving the purposes of the design and optimization of the wire array loads of complex configurations, WDM reproduces the specific features of wire array implosion dynamics due to inductive current transfer, such as, for example, the increased stability of the stagnating Z-pinch in nested and planar array configurations. The generic 0D model is known to neglect wire ablation dynamics during the array implosion. However, by introducing additional current filaments associated with currents through the ablated plasmas one can evolve the WDM to the wire ablation dynamics model (WADM). In addition to the WDM, the WADM allows modeling of the dynamics of trailing mass and current in a self-consistent magnetic field of an arbitrarily-shaped array including wire arrays of complex composition, e.g., when the inner and outer arrays of a nested array are built of different wire materials. In the latter case the WADM can take into account effects due to the difference in ablation times for inner and outer arrays. Both the WDM and WADM can be considered as valuable amplifications of MHD models of wire ablation and array implosion.
Gordon receives 1999 Maurice Ewing Medal

Arnold L Gordon was awarded the 1999 Maurice Ewing Medal at the AGU Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, which was held on December 15, 1999, in San Francisco, California. The medal recognizes significant original contributions to understanding physical, geophysical, and geological processes in the ocean; and/or significant original contributions to scientific ocean engineering, technology, and instrumentation; and/or outstanding service to marine sciences. This medal is presented jointly by the U.S. Navy and AGU.
Changes in a wetland plant association induced by impoundment and draining

Abstract In 1977 a newly constructed gravel access road blocked water flow across a shrub swamp in Tewksbury, Massachusetts, draining one section and impounding another. Within one year, the vegetation in the drained area shifted substantially toward a denser and more species-rich association. After three years the changes slowed, but they had not stopped after six. Many of these changes would not be expected to reverse themselves once a more normal flooding pattern was established. In the newly flooded area there was little changes for the first three years, but after that time many species began to decline in numbers, with the most pronounced effect occurring after five years. Even short-term alterations in the flooding cycle can be expected to have substantial and long-lasting effects on wetland vegetation.
Contemplative withdrawal in the Hellenistic age

I reject the traditional picture of philosophical withdrawal in the Hellenistic Age by showing how both Epicureans and Stoics oppose, in different ways, the Platonic and Aristotelian assumption that contemplative activity is the greatest good for a human being. Chrysippus the Stoic agrees with Plato and Aristotle that the greatest good for a human being is virtuous activity, but he denies that contemplation exercises virtue. Epicurus more thoroughly rejects the assumption that the greatest good for a human being is virtuous activity. He maintains that the greatest good for a human being is the tranquility that virtuous activity always and contemplative activity sometimes brings about.
An exposure matrix for the NIOSH dioxin registry

Abstract A systematic procedure has been developed in order to assess the extent of potential exposure to dioxin for use in the retrospective cohort mortality study of U.S. production workers. Using informaton such as process descriptions; job descriptions; analytical data on dioxin content in substances from the various processes; and industrial hygiene, safety and medical data, estimates of potential exposure to dioxin will be developed. Presented is the rationale used to develop these estimates and an example of the estimation procedure.
Nonlinear Optical Processing Using Liquid Crystal Light Valves

A method is presented to realize real time nonlinear operations on two dimensional images through the use of multiple liquid crystal light valves. The technique allows the use of either coherent or incoherent illumination and provides for real time control and alteration of the specific nonlinear operation being performed. Experimental results are given for level slice, logarithm, exponentiation, and A/D conversion.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Interleukin-6 and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness Do Not Vary During the Menstrual Cycle

The purpose of this study was to determine if a difference in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and delayed onset muscles soreness (DOMS) exists in two different phases of the menstrual cycle. Nine runners performed one 75-min high-intensity interval running session during the early follicular (EF) phase and once during the midluteal (ML) phase of the menstrual cycle. Estrogen and progesterone levels were significantly reduced in the EF phase when compared to the ML phase. IL-6 levels increased from pre- to postexercise in the EF and ML phases (p < .001). There was no relationship between the IL-6 level and DOMS. The results suggest that menstruating female runners need not vary training throughout the month to reduce DOMS.
Chemistry and Conformation of the Ligand-binding Domain of GluR2 Subtype of Glutamate Receptors

Abstract In the present report, using vibrational spectroscopy we have probed the ligand-protein interactions for full agonists (glutamate and α-amino-5-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA)) and a partial agonist (kainate) in the isolated ligand-binding domain of the GluR2 subunit of the glutamate receptor. These studies indicate differences in the strength of the interactions of the α-carboxylates for the various agonists, with kainate having the strongest interactions and glutamate having the weakest. Additionally, the interactions at the α-amine group of the agonists have also been probed by studying the environment of the non-disulfide-bonded Cys-425, which is in close proximity to the α-amine group. These investigations suggest that the interactions at the α-amine group are stronger for full agonists such as glutamate and AMPA as evidenced by the increase in the hydrogen bond strength at Cys-425. Partial agonists such as kainate do not change the environment of Cys-425 relative to the apo form, suggesting weak interactions at the α-amine group of kainate. In addition to probing the ligand environment, we have also investigated the changes in the secondary structure of the protein. Results clearly indicate that full agonists such as glutamate and AMPA induce similar secondary structural changes that are different from those of the partial agonist kainate; thus, a spectroscopic signature is provided for identifying the functional consequences of a specific ligand binding to this protein.
Delphi study of the future of marketing of higher education

Abstract This is the opening paper to the 2006 conference and discusses the future of higher education marketing. Taking a historic perspective the paper situates the discipline of marketing of higher education. From this grounding the paper offers an insight into what the future holds for educational marketing foundation on the view of senior practitioner in the market. The reported study sets groundwork for future research and debate. It concludes by drawing attention to what administers and marketers will need to consider in the future. In particular, the importance of blending strategic planning with marketing and developing integrated marketing systems is developed.
Retention of Opinion Change as a Function of Differential Source Credibility: A Cross-Cultural Study

Abstract Maintien des changements d'opinion en fonction du credit de la source. Etude interculturelle. L'etude a porte sur 517 etudiants de collAege, au Liban, au Bresil, en Inde, en Rhodesie et a Hong Kong, a qui on a demande quel credit ils attribuaient a des sources valorisees, peu valorisees ou majoritaires. Les sources a haut credit produisent des changements d'opinion plus marques que les sources a faible credit ou majoritaires. Apres quatre semaines, cependant, cette difference dispara[icaron]t: le changeraent d'opinion s'affaiblit pour tous les groupes, quelle que soit la source, mais le changement d'opinion attribuable aux sources a fort credit est celui qui s'affaiblit le plus. Aucun effet d'assoupissement (sleeper effect) n'est observe chez les sujets qui ont ete confrontes a l'opinion de sources a faible credit. Le credit accorde a une source semble comporter a la fois des aspects generaux et des aspects specifiques. Dans une certaine mesure, le credit semble ětre un attribut “generalise”: les...
Raman Effect in Atomic Hydrogen

IN the paper on the dispersion of hydrogen-like atoms published in the Proc. Nat. Acad. of Sci., 14, 253 (1928), I have obtained a solution of the Schrodinger wave equation, for a hydrogen atom in the field of radiation of frequency ν, of the formwhere ψ0 is the solution of the unperturbed equation, while u1 and u2 are small quantities which are functions of co-ordinates only.
Idiopathic retroperitoneal and mediastinal fibrosis mimicking connective tissue disease

Combined retroperitoneal and mediastinal fibrosis is a rare manifestation of an idiopathic systemic sclerosing disease. This report describes a multisystem illness that clinically could best be described as polyserositis and progressive renal failure. Pathologically, it was characterized by diffuse infiltration of retroperitoneal and mediastinal tissues with plaquelike fibrofatty connective tissue encasing the kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, and parietal pericardium. These features are diagnostic of a systemic sclerosing disease. It is important to recognize this unusual disorder to avoid confusion with other systemic connective tissue diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus.
Effect of a mutation at arginine 301 on the stability, crystal quality and the preliminary crystallographic analysis of recombinant canavalin from Canavalia ensiformis

The technique of site-directed mutagenesis was used to implement rational amino acid changes in the plant storage protein canavalin, the major seed storage protein of the jack bean (Canavali ensiformis). The mutations were targeted to amino acids previously demonstrated to be involved in either the intra- or intermolecular salt bridges, thought to be responsible for maintaining the three-dimensional structure of the trimer. The amino acid changes were designed to disrupt the salt bridge interactions by substituting a neutral alanine for a negatively charged aspartate or glutamate, or by substituting a negatively charged glutamate for a positively charged arginine. The resulting recombinant mutants were subsequently expressed, purified, and crystallized. The crystals of the mutant versions of canavalin were compared to those of the wild-type canavalin by visual inspection and X-ray analysis. Of the crystals obtained for the mutants, those for the Arg301Glu mutation appeared to be more stable with fewer surface defects than any of the other mutants or the wild-type protein. The I/σ ratio of reflections versus the resolution for the Arg301Glu mutation was approximately 30% greater over the entire resolution range than that obtained for any of the other mutations or for the wild-type. Additionally, the crystals of Arg301Glu mutations displayed lower mosaicity. Finally, the Arg301Glu mutation displayed a striking increase in the transition temperature when subjected to thermal denaturation. This paper describes the rationale and techniques behind the mutation of canavalin and suggests possible explanations for the observed and measured differences between the Arg301Glu mutant and the wild-type protein. We show the initial crystallographic structure analysis of this mutant and its preliminary implications.
A hydroxylated analog of the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, carvedilol, affords exceptional antioxidant protection to postischemic rat hearts.

Abstract The antioxidant and cardioprotective effects of the β-adrenoceptor antagonist, carvedilol, and its hydroxylated analog. BM-910228, were compared using the postischemic rat heart model. Hearts were infused with either agent (0.01, 0.10, or 10 nM final, or drug-free infusate) for 10 min prior to 30 min global ischemia, and also during the initial 15 min of reperfusion. Recovery of postischemic hemodynamic parameters (left ventricular systolic and developed pressures, mean diastolic pressure, cardiac output, coronary flow rate, and cardiac pressure-volume work), and the extent of postischemic tissue lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) loss, lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) formation, and lipid peroxidation (LPO)-derived free radical production were assessed and compared among the treatment groups. The depressive pharmacological properties (β and α-blockade) of both agents masked the extent of postischemic hemodynamic recovery, except at the lowest dose (10 pM) of the analog, which provided significant improvements in systolic and developed pressures, and cardiac work. Treatment with both agents provided significant dose-dependent reductions in postischemic LOOH formation and lipid alkoxyl radical production, as determined by electron spin resonance spectroscopy and α -phenyl- tert -butylnitrone (PBN) spin trapping (PBN/alkoxyl adduct hyperfine splitting α N = 13.63 G and α H = 1.93 G). Although both agents reduced oxidative injury, the hydroxylated analog was clearly the superior antioxidant (equipotent at doses two to three orders of magnitude lower) compared to the parent compound. This was also reflected with respect to drug-mediated improvement in myocardial preservation (reduced LDH release), which paralleled the antioxidant protective effects. Because neither agent displayed significant primary radical scavenging ability at doses (≤ 10 nM), which did provide substantial inhibition of postischemic LOOH and alkoxyl formation, our data suggest that the antioxidant properties of carvedilol and its analog are mediated primarily through a LPO chain-breaking mechanism. Moreover, the significant antioxidant protection afforded by the analog BM-910228 at subnanomolar levels places this agent into an exclusive category reserved for exceptionally potent antioxidants.
A combined experimental and numerical analysis of UAV Pitot-static system error at low Reynolds number

This paper describes how the placement of a Pitot static probe on an airfoil affects the Pitot static system error which arises due to viscous effects extending from the leading edge of the airfoil and probe. The airfoil of interest for this study is a Clark Y airfoil with a 0.3048 m chord length set to a 0 degree angle of attack. Wind tunnel testing and 3D numerical simulations using ANSYS CFX were used to analyze Pitot static probe measurements for a probe extending forward of the airfoil chord line from 0 to 20 cm at Reynolds numbers from 1 × 10 5 to 5 × 10 5 . The results obtained demonstrate how probe placement and Reynolds number affect the measured stagnation and static pressure which are used in determining velocity and altitude.
Film-fiction: fan magazines, narrative, and spectatorship in American cinema of the 1910s

The presentation of film texts as short stories in early motion picture fan magazines has long been treated as a sort of antiquarian curio, and has usually been discussed as simple synopsis of the films in question. In fact, close examination of these ‘fictionalizations’ and comparison across magazines and between fictionalized and film text suggests that these stories do not simply re-present or expand on the films – they transform them into an aesthetic distinct from that of the transitional film era and more in line with classical Hollywood norms. In doing so, they suggest that films were not treated by readers as ‘master texts’ from which other forms merely derived, but as contingent incarnations of a story world presumed to be behind the films. In doing so, they suggest that readers of early fan magazines may have had a similar relationship to filmic and literary texts, and a similar understanding of fandom, as has been found in studies of more contemporary fan cultures.