cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Triple-Flap Technique for Reconstruction of Large Nasal Defects

Objective: To determine the usefulness of a triple-flap technique for repair of large zone 2 Mohs defects of the nose. Methods: The triple-flap technique was performed on 10 fresh adult cadaver heads that had been injected intravascularly with blue dye. Two distances were measured and recorded: (1) the distance from the most lateral portion of the alar crease to the transverse facial artery; and (2) the distance from the dorsal nasal artery to the medial canthi. Data were also collected on patient age and sex and on the size of the Mohs defect in a series of 10 patients. Results: The cadaver study showed that the dorsal nasal artery was located a mean distance of 7.4 mm superior to the medial canthal tendon and that the transverse facial artery was located a mean distance of 19.2 mm lateral to the alar crease. In our series of 10 patients (2 of whom are described herein), zone 2 defects (including full-thickness unilateralalardefects)aslargeas3.535.0cmwerereconstructed in 1 stage using local anesthesia. No flap loss resulted. Conclusions: Cadaver dissection enabled us to identify the blood supply of the dorsal nasal flap in relation to the medial canthal tendon and the blood supply to the superior melolabialflapinrelationtothealarcrease.Foraselectgroup of patients with large zone 2 Mohs defects of the nose, the use of the triple-flap technique to repair the defect is a viable alternative to the use of a forehead flap technique.
Generalized Spectral Domain Method for Multi-Conductor Printed Lines and its Application to Tunable Suspended Microstrips

An efficient method is developed for obtaining propagation characteristics of microstrip-line type structures in which a number of conductors are located on various interfaces. Specific computations have been carried out for suspended microstrip line structures with tuning conductive septums. A number of are included.
Early scrotal approximation after hemiscrotectomy in patients with Fournier’s gangrene prevents scrotal reconstruction with skin graft

Objective: We report the outcomes of an early loose closure of the scrotum with a modified U-stitch to minimize use of split-thickens skin graft for patients with hemiscrotal tissue loss after surgical debridement. Methods: From January 2006 to August 2011, 28 male patients presented with Fournier’s gangrene, requiring major urological surgical care and scrotal debridement at Denver Health Medical Center. Surgical outcomes were compared between patients receiving a novel U-Stitch approximation and those treated by traditional management. Results: The mean age of the patients was 47.1 ± 10.2 years. In total 8 patients (2.2%) developed bacteremia and 3 (0.1%) had methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. There was conversion from the U-Stitch approximation patients to traditional management. U-stitch patients required less hospitalization than patients requiring split-thickness skin graft (STSG) due to loss of >50% of the total scrotal tissue (11 vs. 35 days, p = 0.081). The U-stitch demonstrated non-inferiority to traditional treatment. Conclusion: Immediate loose scrotal wound approximation with efficient surgical debridement for Fournier’s gangrene may prevent testis exposure facilitating local wound treatment, decreasing the length of hospital stay in patients with Fournier’s gangrene involving the scrotum. Future randomized trials may validate these findings.
Rotter Internal-External Scale in an African Context: Problems of Construct and Equivalence

It is argued, in relation to the cross-cultural equivalence of personality measures, that of the three phases of test development namely construction, establishment of reliability and of validity, the second tends to receive too little attention. Accordingly, Rotter I-E Scale data from black and white students in Zambia and Rhodesia were compared with each other and with data collected in other countries. It is concluded that the Rotter I-E Scale is not a reliable instrument even for American groups; that responses may reflect manifest item content more than underlying cognitions about control; and that while locus-of-control seems a valuable and perhaps valid construct for cross-cultural personality and motivation research, we need better scales to measure reliability.
Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty: comparison of double and single (Inoue) balloon techniques.

To assess relative merits of the double and single (Inoue) balloon techniques of percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty for treating symptomatic mitral stenosis, 33 patients who underwent dilatation with the double balloon were compared retrospectively with 28 who underwent dilatation with the lnoue balloon. There were no baseline differences in mean left atrial pressure, mean mitral gradient, or calculated mitral valve area between the two groups. The procedure was successful in 89% of patients in the double balloon group and in 93% in the lnoue balloon group. Final mitral valve area and absolute increase in mitral valve area were significantly greater in the double balloon group, in which there was a nonsignificant trend toward greater incidence of acute complications. Final left atrial pressure and mitral gradient were not different. Both techniques are useful and safe. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Photomagnetic Response in Highly Conductive Iron(II) Spin‐Crossover Complexes with TCNQ Radicals

Co-crystallization of a cationic FeII complex with a partially charged TCNQ.δ− (7,7′,8,8′-tetracyanoquinodimethane) radical anion has afforded molecular materials that behave as narrow band-gap semiconductors, [Fe(tpma)(xbim)](X)(TCNQ)1.5⋅DMF (X=ClO4− or BF4−; tpma=tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine, xbim=1,1′-(α,α′-o-xylyl)-2,2′-bisimidazole). Remarkably, these complexes also exhibit temperature-and light-driven spin crossover at the FeII center, and are thus the first structurally defined magnetically bistable semiconductors assembled with the TCNQ.δ− radical anion. Transport measurements reveal the conductivity of 0.2 S cm−1 at 300 K, with the low activation energy of 0.11 eV.
Balloon Cell Melanoma: Case Report

Balloon cell melanoma (BCM) is a rare histological variant of amelanotic melanoma. The differential diagnosis of clear cell lesion includes BCM, renal cell carcinoma, clear cell sarcoma as well as a number of histiocytic and infectious processes. We report a case of BCM in a 33 year-old Indonesian man who presented with a non-tender, freely movable, non-pigmented left thigh nodule, which had been present for a year. On microscopic examination tumor consisted of a nodular infiltrate present within the dermis with superficial invasion of subcutaneous fat. Tumor cells formed nested aggregates were relatively bland in appearance and had abundant, clear cytoplasm, enlarged nuclei and prominent eosinophilic nucleoli. Rare mitotic figures were present within the deep portion of the neoplasm. No definitive nests were seen at the dermal epidermal junction or within the epidermis. Histochemical stains AFB, PAS/D, and GMS were negative. Immunoperoxidase studies were positive with antibodies to vimentin, S100, HMB45, CD68, and negative with cytokeratin, Factor XIIIA, and lysozyme. The diagnosis of BCMM was favored based on histological features, and immunoperoxidase staining pattern. We believe this case can provide additional information to help establish diagnostic criteria of this rare variant of melanoma.
Utilizing electronic course management systems in engineering education

Recent advances in computer based training have resulted in the wide-spread availability of computer managed instruction (CMI) systems for use in all educational endeavors. The author reports on the major features of computer managed instruction systems and their applicability for engineering education. In particular, the combination of ToolBook II Instructor and ToolBook II Librarian (both from Asymetrix Corporation) is discussed as a simple solution for creating computer based teaching materials and tests, and then deploying them over the Internet.
Assessing diagnostic accuracy and tympanocentesis skills by nurse practitioners in management of otitis media.

Purpose To assess healthcare provider accuracy in rec-ognizing the physical examination findings of acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effusion (OME) and technical compe-tence in performing tympanocentesis using a simulation model. Data Sources A descriptive study of 1,271 pediatricians and 206 nurse practitioners (NPs) who viewed 9 dif-ferent video-recorded pneumatic otoscopic examinations of tympanic membranes (TMs) during a continuing medical education (CME) course. Diagnostic differentiation of AOM, OME and normal was ascertained. A mannequin model of a one-two year old child was used to assess technical proficiency of performing tympa-nocentesis on artificial tympanic membranes. Conclusions Overall, the average correct diagnosis by all healthcare providers was 46% (range=25% to 71%); by pediatricians it was 50% (25% to 71%) and by NPs 42% (25% to 68%). Pediatricians and NPs correctly recognized the absence of normality 86% to 99% and 68% to 99% of the time; they over-diagnosed AOM in 7% to 58% (average 27%) and 10% to 65% of examinations (average 31%), respectively. Performance of tympanocentesis was optimal-ly performed by 73% of NPs. Implications for Practice The distinction between AOM and OME is important for antibiotic management deci-sions; tympanocentesis may be useful in diag-nosis of AOM in selected patients. Healthcare providers may misdiagnose AOM and OME with some frequency. Nurse pactitioners and pediatricians have the skills to be trained in the tympanocentesis procedure. Interactive CME courses with simulation technology may enhance skills and lead to a willingness to change and improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment paradigms.
One parameter automorphism groups on C 2

Given a polynomial holomorphic automorphism gof C 2which is not conjugate to an affine aperiodic map , we find all real one parameter subgroups {φt t :t∊ R} in the holomorphic automorphis group Aut C2whose time one map φ1equals g. For affine aperiodic gwe find all such subgroups whose infinitesimal generator ispolynomial. We also classify one parameter subgroups of the shear groups s(2)and S(2) on the plane C 2.
Comparison of SW and TW nonsynchronous accelerating cavities as used in electron beam storage rings

The authors relate the parameters of detuned standing wave (SW) and nonsynchronous beam traveling wave (TW) accelerating cavities of equivalent equilibrium performance when used to compensate for radiation and parasitic energy losses by electrons circulating in a high energy electron storage ring. The relationship is expressed in terms of the coupling parameter and cavity tuning angle of the TW accelerator's equivalent SW system. The basis used for formulating the equivalence of the two systems follows TW cavity nonsynchronous beam loading theory developed by Loew (1960) and SW circuit analysis theory as described by Wilson (1982). >
Processing Induced Sources of Mechanical Failure in Ceramics

Porosity, impurities, large grains, machining, and handling- induced flaws are recognized defects limiting ceramic strengths. This paper summarizes studies of the defect origins of room temperature fracture, and vividly illustrates that these origins are often (1) the actual sources of fracture and (2) the extremes of such defects that occur. Observations or plausible suggestions on the causes of such defects are given. Details of fractographic procedures are found elsewhere,1 as are other examples of fracture origins from processing defects.2-8 It should be noted that strengths in the absence of gross processing defects, i. e., strengths of the matrix of the laboratory test bars for the bodies considered in this paper containing only normal machining flaws are as follows: hot pressed A12O3 520–820 MPa (75–125 ksi), commercial lead zirconate titanate (PST) 140 MPa (20 ksi), and hot pressed Si3N4, 700–820 MPa (100–125 ksi). These are approximate guides for judging the impact of the grosser defects on strength.
Linkages and Foreign Direct Investment in the United States

The intraregional material linkages of a sample of foreign-owned plants in the U.S. are examined. Strong dependence on the domestic economy is revealed at both regional and national levels. Degree of domestic integration is found to be related to a variety of technological, market entry, nationality, and size characteristics of the plants.
Staff Turnover in Assertive Community Treatment (Act) Teams: The Role of Team Climate

Staff turnover in Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) teams can result in interrupted services and diminished support for clients. This paper examines the effect of team climate, defined as team members' shared perceptions of their work environment, on turnover and individual outcomes that mediate the climate-turnover relationship. We focus on two climate dimensions: safety and quality climate and constructive conflict climate. Using survey data collected from 26 ACT teams, our analyses highlight the importance of safety and quality climate in reducing turnover, and job satisfaction as the main mediator linking team climate to turnover. The findings offer practical implications for team management.
Two Major Voices of the 1950s: Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism and Erich Auerbach’s Mimesis

In this chapter, I shall examine Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism (1957) and Erich Auerbach’s Mimesis (1953). Neither book is primarily concerned with the English novel, but both influenced the way that the novel has been taught in England and America for the past twenty-five years. These books represent opposing approaches to literature. While Auerbach assumes that literature reveals an a priori reality, Frye is, with Wallace Stevens and Harold Bloom, in the tradition of those for whom art builds vast imaginative alternatives to the real world.
Electron beam computed tomography as a method to study coronary atherosclerosis

Coronary artery disease is very prevalent in western countries and it represents the most frequent cause of death for both men and women. In the United States over 7 million people suffer from this ailment and about 500,000 die each year from its complications. Often the presenting event is an acute myocardial infarction or sudden death and the cost for society both financial and in terms of human lives lost is excessive. Despite the emphasis on prevention of atherosclerosis, unheralded events continue to occur in the general population in the absence of established risk factors. Indeed, risk factors justify only 60-70% of the risk of events for an individual patient. The focus of research has therefore turned to the application of non-invasive modalities for the imaging of the atherosclerotic plaque in its pre-clinical stages. The aim is to apply this information to guide a physician in choosing the patient in need of more aggressive preventive measures. One such imaging modality, electron beam tomography, is employed to visualize the calcified component of the atherosclerotic plaque. Calcium deposition in the wall of the coronary arteries is a highly sensitive and specific marker of atherosclerotic disease. This article summarizes the extensive amount of research published during the past 15 years on the use of calcium imaging as a tool to predict events.
Anpassungen am bisherigen Authentifizierungsprozess

Wie in Abschnitt 1.2 erlautert, existieren vier Hauptziele, die im Rahmen der Authentifizierung mittels des Tippverhaltens am kapazitiven Display erreicht und umgesetzt werden mussen. Diese vier Ziele bauen aufeinander auf, wobei die Anpassungen (Modifizierungen und Verbesserungen) am allgemeinen biometrischen Authentifizierungsprozess Grundlage fur die anderen Ziele darstellen.
Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 109

Abstract Evaluated nuclear structure and decay data for all nuclei with mass number A = 109 (Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Xe) are presented. The experimental data are compiled and evaluated, and the best values for level and gamma-ray energies, quantum numbers, lifetimes, gamma-ray intensities, and other nuclear properties are recommended. Inconsistencies and discrepancies that exist in the literature are noted. This work supersedes the earlier evaluation by J. Blachot (2006Bl02), published in Nuclear Data Sheets 107 , 355 (2006).
Healthcare Provisions in the Aging Society: Japanese Perspectives

As the home of the oldest population in the world, Japan is transforming its healthcare system to prepare for year 2025, when all the first baby boomers will be aged 75 and older. Japan achieved universal medical insurance and long-term care insurance systems in 1961 and 2000, respectively. A core vision of the ongoing reform efforts is the Community-Based Integrated Care System , where the whole community (the local government, professionals, and residents) works together to integrate various services (e.g., housing, medical and health care, long-term care, and daily living support and services) so that older adults, even with cognitive impairment and without family support, can remain in the community with dignity until the end. Many of challenges and opportunities associated with population aging in Japan are shared by other aging societies. Global co-learning (or two-way learning) is essential for developing innovative products, services, and systems to promote healthy aging in communities.
Critically Sex/Ed: Asking Critical Questions of Neoliberal Truths in Sexuality Education

In this chapter, I argue that conventional sexuality education typically misdiagnoses social injustice as “sexual risk.” I propose an alternative model, one that engages youth in critical analysis of the interplay between sexual well-being and social conditions. Founded on the original tenets of empowerment theory and practice, critical sexuality education counters the depoliticized and divisive rhetoric that typifies sexuality education. Rather than instruct students in “right choices” and “responsible behaviors,” critical sexuality education reverses perspective so that it is not youth that are scrutinized and targeted for intervention but the unjust social and material circumstances of their lives, instead. To illustrate this recommendation, I offer three sample lesson plans, each of which pose critical questions of what commonly goes unquestioned in sexuality education discourse.
An Ultrasonic Study of e - Induced Defect Complexes in Dilute Al-Ag and Al-Si Alloys

Ultrasonic measurements, though less direct than those of higher frequency techniques, offer several advantages for the study of point defects in dilute metallic alloys. Large effects are often detected for only a few ppm defect concentration where defect-defect interactions may be safely neglected. In addition, for defects produced within a single crystal host, the ultrasonic polarization dependence of the defect response can be exploited in order to answer questions concerning the defect symmety and, as we will see, its kinetics.
Neurologic complications in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for influenza H1N1: Morbid but not futile

Objectives: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a well-established therapy for severe acute cardiac and respiratory distress. Management of complications, such as embolic strokes and intracranial hemorrhage, is essential during such treatment. However, the incidences of these complications as well as clinical outcomes have not been previously examined within a population with a homogenous disease process. Methods: Using de-identified clinical data submitted to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization, we analyzed cases in which patients were treated with ECMO during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. This data were examined with a specific focus on neurologic complications. Results: Twenty-two of the 248 patients experienced a confirmed neurological event. Patients with neurologic events were older, more acidotic, and had a higher prior incidence of cardiopulmonary arrest before ECMO therapy. There was also showed an increased incidence of cardiac arrhythmia, hyperbilirubinemia, and severe leukopenia as well as lower rates of successful weaning from ECMO and survival to discharge. Overall, within the patient population treated with ECMO, neurologic complications are not uncommon, and such patients exhibit greater morbidity and mortality. Conclusions: Thus, aggressive neurological assessment before and during ECMO could prove very useful in guiding clinical decisions with respect to further or ongoing therapies. The findings from this study will hopefully improve patient selection for ECMO therapy as well as clinical outcomes for this critically ill patient population. The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Patient care, Systems-based practice, Interpersonal skills and communication.
Demographic and Socioeconomic Determinants of Physical and Mental Self-rated Health Across 10 Ethnic Groups in the United States.

Background and aims: The aim of this study was to explore ethnic differences in demographic and socioeconomic determinants of poor physical and mental self-rated health (SRH) in the United States. Methods: We used data from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES) 2001- 2003, which included a national household probability sample of 18237 individuals including 520 Vietnamese, 508 Filipino, 600 Chinese, 656 other Asian, 577 Cuban, 495 Puerto Rican, 1442 Mexican, 1106 other Hispanic, 4746 African American, and 7587 non-Latino Whites. Demographic factors (age and gender), socioeconomic factors (education and income), body mass index (BMI), and physical and mental SRH were measured. Pearson correlation was used to explore correlates of physical and mental SRH across ethnic groups. Results: While age was positively associated with poor physical SRH, ethnic groups differed in the effect of age on mental SRH. Age was positively associated with mental SRH among Vietnamese, Filipino, Chinese, Cuban, Puerto Rican, and African American individuals, but this was not so for other Asians, Mexicans, other Hispanics, and non-Hispanic Whites. Chinese and Cubans were the only groups where female gender was associated with poor physical and mental SRH. With other Asians being an exception, education and income were protective against poor physical and mental SRH in all ethnic groups. Ethnic groups also differed in how their mental and physical SRH reflect BMI. Conclusion: Demographic and socioeconomic determinants of physical and mental SRH vary across ethnic groups. Poor physical and mental SRH are differently shaped by social determinants across ethnic groups. These ethnic differences may cause bias in health measurement in ethnically diverse populations.
Spatiotemporal Progression of Early Human Ventricular Fibrillation.

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatiotemporal organization and progression of human ventricular fibrillation (VF) in the left ventricle (LV) and the right ventricle (RV). Background Studies suggest that localized sources contribute to VF maintenance, but the evolution of VF episodes has not been quantified. Methods Synchrony between electrograms recorded from 25 patients with induced VF is computed and used to define the Asynchronous Index (ASI), indicating regions which are out of step with surrounding tissue. Computer simulations show that ASI can identify the location of VF-maintaining sources, where greater values of the maximum ASI (ASImax) correlate with more stable sources. Results Automated synchrony analysis shows elevated values of ASI in a majority of self-terminating episodes (LV: 8/9; RV: 7/8) and sustained episodes (LV: 11/11; RV: 12/12). The locations of ASImax in sustained episodes colocalize with rotor cores when rotational activity is simultaneously present in phase maps (LV: 8/8; RV: 5/7; p Conclusions Quantitative analysis identifies localized asynchronous regions that correlate with sources in VF, with sustained episodes evolving to exhibit more stable activation in the LV. This successive increase in stability indicates a stabilizing agent may be responsible for perpetuating fibrillation in a “migrate-and-capture” mechanism in the LV.
Undergraduate research in the Dartmouth Economics Department

ABSTRACTOne of the key components to the undergraduate research enterprise at Dartmouth is the recognition that learning to do research requires both directed instruction and learning by doing. The economics faculty have tailored a fruitful undergraduate research program based on this philosophy, and this article describes these efforts while also offering advice to other programs as they strive to involve undergraduates in research.
Biochar application influences microbial assemblage complexity and composition due to soil and bioenergy crop type interactions

Abstract Enhancement of soil fertility and mitigation of atmospheric greenhouse gases are potential benefits of biochar amendments with proximate links to microbiological processes, yet the impact of biochar on the soil microbial community is poorly resolved. Here, we assessed changes in bacterial community composition and microbial assemblage patterns with biochar amendment in two soils with contrasting fertility under two cropping systems; perennial grass and annual sweet corn rotation at two time periods. Overall, soil type exerted the greatest effect on the soil microbial community, followed by sampling time and cropping system which exerted a greater effect on the microbial community than biochar treatment. The influence of biochar on community composition was most pronounced in the highly weathered, low fertility Oxisol, than the high fertility Mollisol. We further investigated microbial assemblage architecture using random-matrix theory based molecular ecological network analyses. Microbial assemblage complexity increased with biochar amendment, with the largest impact associated with the Oxisol, accompanied by more negative OTU co-variations, indicating enhanced competition and/or niche partitioning in concert with an increase in the number of putative “keystone species”. Network analysis suggests that biochar addition, especially in the highly weathered, low fertility Oxisol, confers higher-level organization, competition, and complexity to the soil microbiome that may result in higher resistance to change due to environmental perturbation and thereby increase system sustainability.
‘Don’t say “research”’: reducing bidirectional risk in Kibera slum

ABSTRACTKenya’s 2007 presidential elections led to what was widely termed ‘ethnic violence’, resulting in over 1000 deaths and 600,000 displacements. Kibera slum, in the country’s capital, is home ...
Assessment of Animal-Based Methods Used for Estimating and Monitoring Rangeland Herbivore Diet Composition☆

Researchers and managers need effective tools for monitoring the use of forages by large herbivores. Since 2000, the number of herbivore diet studies has nearly doubled. In this review, we determine trends in the field; assess the utility of key techniques against five criteria (cost, accuracy and precision, resolution, utility for long-term monitoring programs, and appropriateness for browsers and grazers); and make recommendations to give managers appropriate tools. Three techniques stand out: microhistology, near infrared reflectance spectroscopy, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) barcoding. Microhistology has a long history of use in rangelands and is often considered the gold standard for understanding diet composition, albeit at a high cost of labor. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy can resolve the presence of target groups or species more quickly than microhistology, especially for grazers. DNA barcoding provides the greatest resolution of dietary items with less quantitative certainty than microhistology. The costs associated with DNA barcoding come primarily from technology and sequencing, while in microhistology they are associated with labor. Therefore, an improved, streamlined microhistology method could provide rangeland managers a rapid and cost-effective method for diet monitoring. Ultimately, the complex challenges facing rangeland managers today may require the use of more than one method to achieve acceptable resolution within actionable time frames.
Labor, Population Movement, and Food in Sixteenth-Century Ek Balam, Yucatán

Spanish colonization of the Yucatan Peninsula altered traditional patterns of subsistence after Spaniards imposed labor demands and controlled the movement of indigenous Maya. Spaniards established an encomienda and Franciscan visita at Ek Balam in the northern lowlands of the peninsula during the mid-sixteenth century. Complementary forces of doctrina and encomienda fostered the religious, political, and economic subjugation of the Maya. An analysis of zooarchaeological material from an Early Hispanic period feature at the archaeological site of Ek Balam indicates that Spanish restrictions of population movement and restructuring of indigenous labor altered pre-Hispanic patterns of faunal use. Under Spanish hegemony, Maya residents raised small-sized animals of Eurasian origin, especially pigs and chickens, while maintaining the indigenous dog as a primary food source. The animals used at Ek Balam could have been either raised or hunted locally; there is no indication that animals were obtained through either trade or exchange. The pattern of faunal use by indigenous people at Ek Balam differs from Early Hispanic sites in the southern Maya lowlands and elsewhere in the circum-Caribbean. This contrast demonstrates that tropical environmental variability, population density, and Spanish control tactics affected subsistence behavior and the incorporation of introduced fauna in the indigenous diet
Myocardial Metabolism During Acute Hemorrhagic or Endotoxic Shock

In both hemorrhagic and endotoxic shock, a diminished venous return is probably responsible for the decreased cardiac output. Although the heart eventually fails in both types of shock, it is unclear whether cardiac failure is responsible for the irreversibility of the condition. Also, it is unknown whether alterations of myocardial metabolism precede cardiac failure and, if so, whether they are due to or simply a reflection of myocardial hypoxia.
Oxidation-Reduction Associated with Inhaled NO2 Absorption

NO2 is a free radical and powerful oxidant, which is reduced to NO2 - in the lung; NO2 - is then oxidized to NO3 - in the blood. NO2 in the presence of O3 produces N2O5 (anhydride of HNO3) and NO3 (a free radical), which are more toxic than NO2. A synergism that is observed in the toxicity of NO2 plus O3, compared to NO2 or O3 alone, may be explained on the basis of N2O5 and NO3 formation.
Abstract 5828: Withaferin A and tumor treating fields synergistically inhibit glioma proliferation

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain cancer (median survival: 15-17 months, 5-year survival: 5-10%). Current interventions consist of equally aggressive surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, this cancer is heterogeneous and not easily accessible so standardized, non-specific therapies are often ineffective. Novel, unorthodox approaches against GBM need consideration. Withaferin A is a steroidal lactone that originates from the roots and leaves of the winter cherry plant (Withania somnifera). Within Ayurvedic medicine, Withania somnifera extracts are applied to many disorders including several cancers. Extracts such as AshwaMAX can contain up to 4.3% (w/w) Withaferin A, a biologically active compound from Withania somnifera. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are thought to disrupt mitotic spindle formation and stymie proliferation of actively dividing cancer cells. We report on the anti-cancer properties of both Withaferin A and TTFields. We also examined the hypothesis that combining TTFields with Withaferin A would synergistically inhibit GBM growth. We used GBM cells (U87-MG, GBM2, and GBM39) and breast adenocarcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231) isolated from human primary tumors. Each GBM cell line was modified to express firefly luciferase. Proliferative potential was assessed by bioluminescent imaging (BLI), cell counting via hemocytometer, or through the CellTiter-Blue® viability assay. Intracranial orthotopic U87-MG GBM xenografts were grown in the right frontal lobe of female nude mice (n=5/experiment). TTFields were imposed on cell cultures with the inovitroTM system from Novocure Ltd. Neurosphere cultures (U87-MG, GBM2, and GBM39) were inhibited by AshwaMAX at IC50 of 1.4, 0.19 and 0.22 µM (Withaferin A equivalent), respectively, and by Withaferin A with IC50 of 0.31, 0.28, and 0.25 µM, respectively. Oral gavage, every other day, of AshwaMAX (40mg/kg per dose) significantly reduced BLI signal (n=5 mice/group, p Citation Format: Edwin Chang, Chirag Patel, Christoph Pohling, Nooshin Beygui, Dong Ho Ha, Sanjiiv S. Gambhir. Withaferin A and tumor treating fields synergistically inhibit glioma proliferation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5828.
Measurement and calculation of lateral trapping strength of focused beams generated by a two-dimensional ultrasound array

This study is aimed at developing a method to controllably manipulate kidney stones in the human body using a single ultrasound source. Calculation and measurement of the lateral force on a sphere using various acoustic beams (vortex and radially-varying phased beams) were compared. A 256-element, 1.5-MHz array was used to synthesize the beams. Spheres of 1–6 mm (6 < ka < 20) diameter made of glass, ceramic, or brass were positioned on an acoustically matched platform at the focus rigidly attached to the transducer by a frame. The transducer and platform were rotated to the angle at which the trapped sphere fell. The acoustic power was <9 W and was adjusted by the duty cycle (10–60%) to control the range of the trapping angle. Maximum temporal average intensity ISPTA was 46.5 W/cm2. The acoustic force was calculated numerically as in Sapozhnikov and Bailey [JASA, 133, 616 (2013)] and the angle calculated with static force equilibrium equation. Good agreement between calculation and measurement was observed, with an average error in angle measured of 11.3%. The maximum lateral forces were 80% of the axial radiation force and 52% the gravitational force. [Work supported by NIH P01-DK043881, K01-DK104854, R01EB7643, and RBBR 17-02-00261.]
A Parallel Implementation of Information Gain Using Hive in Conjunction with MapReduce for Continuous Features

Finding efficient ways to perform the Information Gain algorithm is becoming even more important as we enter the Big Data era where data and dimensionality are increasing at alarming rates. When machine learning algorithms get over-burdened with large dimensional data with redundant features, information gain becomes very crucial for feature selection. Information gain is also often used as a pre-cursory step in creating decision trees, text classifiers, support vector machines, etc. Due to the very large volume of today’s data, there is a need to efficiently parallelize classic algorithms like Information Gain. In this paper, we present a parallel implementation of Information Gain in the MapReduce environment, using MapReduce in conjunction with Hive, for continuous features. In our approach, Hive was used to calculate the counts and parent entropy and a Map only job was used to complete the Information Gain calculations. Our approach demonstrated gains in run times as we carefully designed MapReduce jobs efficiently leveraging the Hadoop cluster.
Top Concerns of Technical Services Staff

The annual conversation group sponsored by the Technical Services Interest Group provides an opportunity for library workers in technical services areas—or in any area of library work—an opportunity to discuss anything that anyone considers a top concern for technical services staff. Participation by persons other than those in technical services area is encouraged, since the work in technical services ultimately influences work in all other areas of the library.
Quantitative comparison of Hi-Def and FPD zoom modes in an innovative detector using Relative Object Detectability (ROD) metrics

Neuro-endovascular image-guided interventions (EIGIs) are aided by use of detectors with improved spatial resolution. A new detector is capable of switching between standard resolution, flat-panel detector (FPD) zoom and high-definition (Hi-Def) zoom modes, with 194 and 76 μm pixels respectively. The relative performance of the two zoom modes to image specific, high-resolution objects was quantitatively investigated. Detector DQEs were measured for both zoom modes and used to determine the Relative Object Detectability (ROD), which compares two imaging detectors’ relative abilities to image a simulated object by integrating the DQE of one detector with the square of the Fourier transform of the simulated object function and dividing the result by a similar integral for a second reference detector. Initial evaluations used a pre-whitened matched filter (PWMF) ideal-observer model. Comparisons were also made using the generalized-ROD (G-ROD) which uses the generalized-DQE (GDQE) that includes the effects of clinically relevant parameters such as magnification, focal-spot size, and scatter and the generalized-measured-ROD (GM-ROD) which uses the square of the Fourier transform of the actual images of the object acquired with the detectors. Each of the metrics demonstrated improved performance of the Hi-Def zoom mode over the standard FPD mode in imaging a wide array of objects such as stents, wires, and spheres. Of particular note is the greater performance of the Hi-Def when considering the high spatial frequencies necessary for visualizing fine image details of a pipeline stent. These initial investigations demonstrate the great potential of the Hi-Def zoom mode during neuro-interventions.
Test Equating Requirements from an SEM Perspective.

Test security and item exposure concerns often lead test organizers to administer multiple forms of a test during one testing window (Kolen & Brennan, 2014). To make meaningful comparisons among ex...
Deffe: a data-efficient framework for performance characterization in domain-specific computing

As the computer architecture community moves toward the end of traditional device scaling, domain-specific architectures are becoming more pervasive. Given the number of diverse workloads and emerging heterogeneous architectures, exploration of this design space is a constrained optimization problem in a high-dimensional parameter space. In this respect, predicting workload performance both accurately and efficiently is a critical task for this exploration. In this paper, we present Deffe: a framework to estimate workload performance across varying architectural configurations. Deffe uses machine learning to improve the performance of this design space exploration. By casting the work of performance prediction itself as transfer learning tasks, the modelling component of Deffe can leverage the learned knowledge on one workload and "transfer" it to a new workload. Our extensive experimental results on a contemporary architecture toolchain (RISC-V and GEM5) and infrastructure show that the method can achieve superior testing accuracy with an effective reduction of 32-80× in terms of the amount of required training data. The overall run-time can be reduced from 400 hours to 5 hours when executed over 24 CPU cores. The infrastructure component of Deffe is based on scalable and easy-to-use open-source software components.
In vivo Sonographic Characterization of The Achilles Tendons in Healthy Young Collegiate Athletes as a Function of Ankle Position.

Abstract This study aims to describe the normative Achilles tendon properties in a collegiate subject cohort. Achilles tendon evaluations in 65 asymptomatic college-level athletes by ultrasound B mode on two tendon positions (neutral state and active maximum dorsiflexion). Correlation was made to BMI, tibial/foot length, maximal calf circumference, type of sports, resting/maximal dorsiflexion-plantar flexion angles among other factors. The mean Achilles tendon length was found to be 14.9 cm, mean transverse dimension of 1.38 cm, thickness of 0.49 cm and cross-sectional area of 0.61 cm2 in the relaxed state. Males had greater tendon length than the female athletes (15.5 (M) vs 14.3cm (F) in the relaxed position and 16.1 (M) vs 15.2cm (F) in the stretched position), tendon width (1.4 vs 1.3 cm), tendon thickness (0.51 vs 0.46 cm), tendon cross-sectional area (0.65 vs 0.57 cm2) and foot length (27.6 cm vs 26.6 cm). The Achilles tendon parameters such as length in the relaxed state had a statistically significant correlation with the height, weight, and foot length, while the tendon length in the dorsiflexed-stretched position had a statistically significant relationship to foot length, tibia length, calf circumference and range of motion (both in maximum dorsiflexion and plantar flexion positions; p
An exploratory study of library science journal articles in syllabi

Abstract Altmetrics are increasingly playing a role in helping scholars illustrate their scholarly impact. One altmetric involves citations in syllabi or analyzing the way journal literature is presented and used in syllabi. This exploratory study uses data from the Open Syllabus Project to analyze citations in syllabi of journal articles from three leading library science journals. Results from the analysis show that the articles cited in syllabi were mostly research articles written on a range of topics in library science, primarily by practitioner librarians. The data show that citations of these articles in syllabi occur less frequently than citations from journals, making a citation in a syllabus a more unique occurrence. Data also show that the articles cited in the syllabi were primarily published within the last 15 years and used predominantly within library science courses, although there is evidence that library science articles are also being used in other disciplines. Analysis of subjects and terms associated with the articles cited in syllabi indicated that traditional areas of library science are represented more than newer or emerging topics.
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)

This chapter will look into Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL). This law applies to a closed loop. The KVL can be metaphorically explained by law of “you get what you give.”
Evaluation of Retreatment and Case Fatality Rates for Calves Treated with Antimicrobials and Ancillary Flunixin Meglumine for BRD Complex

Calves in a feed yard setting are commonly treated for respiratory disease (BRD). Often there are ancillary drugs used in addition to a primary antimicrobial. One of the ancillary treatments used is flunixin meglumine. Flunixin meglumine is labeled as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with antipyretic activity. Calves treated with flunixin meglumine show decreased body temperature in 24 hours. There is little data showing the effects of ancillary use on retreatment and case fatality rates. The objective of this trial was to evaluate repull rates and case fatality rates on BRD complex treated with or without ancillary flunixin meglumine.
Evolution of an Epidermal Differentiation Complex (EDC) Gene Family in Birds

The transition of amniotes to a fully terrestrial lifestyle involved the adaptation of major molecular innovations to the epidermis, often in the form of epidermal appendages such as hair, scales and feathers. Feathers are diverse epidermal structures of birds, and their evolution has played a key role in the expansion of avian species to a wide range of lifestyles and habitats. As with other epidermal appendages, feather development is a complex process which involves many different genetic and protein elements. In mammals, many of the genetic elements involved in epidermal development are located at a specific genetic locus known as the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC). Studies have identified a homologous EDC locus in birds, which contains several genes expressed throughout epidermal and feather development. A family of avian EDC genes rich in aromatic amino acids that also contain MTF amino acid motifs (EDAAs/EDMTFs), that includes the previously reported histidine-rich or fast-protein (HRP/fp), an important marker in feather development, has expanded significantly in birds. Here, we characterize the EDAA gene family in birds and investigate the evolutionary history and possible functions of EDAA genes using phylogenetic and sequence analyses. We provide evidence that the EDAA gene family originated in an early archosaur ancestor, and has since expanded in birds, crocodiles and turtles, respectively. Furthermore, this study shows that the respective amino acid compositions of avian EDAAs are characteristic of structural functions associated with EDC genes and feather development. Finally, these results support the hypothesis that the genes of the EDC have evolved through tandem duplication and diversification, which has contributed to the evolution of the intricate avian epidermis and epidermal appendages.
Differential Equations Models

A natural way to begin the treatment of models of vertical transmission is to extend the classical epidemic models as contained, for example, in the book of Bailey [1975]. In order to provide a baseline for understanding the effects of vertical transmission and to introduce some of the standard terminology we briefly describe the classical Kermack-McKendrick [1927] model of an S→ I → R epidemic.
Biofouling in the Marine Environment

The Biofouling “Sequence” Molecular Fouling Microbial Fouling-Biofilm Formation Macrofouling: Invertebrate Larvae Macrofouling: Algal Spores Keywords: biofouling; marine environments
Abstract MP47: The Association of Socioeconomic Status with Subclinical Myocardial Damage

Background: The association between socioeconomic status (SES) and clinical cardiovascular events is well established. However, little is known about the relationship between SES and subclinical myocardial damage, as assessed by a novel highly sensitive assay for cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 11,411 participants from the ARIC Study with no history of cardiovascular disease who had hs-cTnT measured at visit 2 (1990-1992). SES was defined using either annual household income, categorized as: low ( Results: Persons with low income or low education were more likely to have subclinical myocardial damage as assessed by elevated hs-cTnT (≥14ng/L). Adjusted prevalence ratios for elevated troponin comparing low to high levels of income and education were 1.74 (95% CI: 1.32, 2.29) and 1.54 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.97), respectively (Table, Model 1). These results were slightly attenuated, but remained statistically significant after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and health behaviors (Models 2 and 3). Race-stratified results demonstrate a somewhat stronger and only significant association of low education with subclinical myocardial damage in blacks compared to whites (PR 1.83 vs 1.05, p-interaction =0.08). There was no race interaction with income (p-interaction =0.33). Conclusions: Low SES was associated with elevated hs-cTnT, independent of cardiovascular risk factors, especially in blacks. Further research is needed to explore how low SES contributes to subclinical myocardial damage.