cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrated Programming Between C# and Matlab Based on Component Object Model

Two approaches of integrated programming based on Component Object Model(COM) are introduced. One utilizes the automation server provided by Matlab. The other compiles the Matlab program written in M scripting language to component by using Matlab COM builder, then invoking it in Visual C#. The usual spatial interpolation algorithm in GIS is implemented by these two approaches. The advantages and defects of them are discussed, and the adaptive application range is suggested. The result is that the COM based methods for integration, which make full use of the two platforms, can speed up software development and improve its performance.
Civic Literacy and Social Work Education: Results From a Multi-Site Study

ABSTRACTGiven the decline in civic literacy among Americans, social work educators can no longer assume that students come prepared with the civic knowledge necessary for competent advocacy or policy practice. This article examines rates of civic knowledge among social work students at four social work education programs across the United States (U.S.). Findings indicate that although social work students score higher than the general U.S. adult population, their civic knowledge scores are still low, with nearly a third of these students falling in the failing range. Results suggest that social work students need additional content on civic knowledge.
Overview of Elbow Approaches: Small Incisions or Arthroscopic Portals

Surgical management of patients with elbow pathology has evolved substantially in recent years. Technical improvements in fracture care, arthritis, and other pathologic conditions have led to more predictable restoration of function and relief of pain in many patients. Along with advances in elbow surgery has come the idea of “minimally invasive” surgery in orthopedics. Patients often ask for the mini-incision hip or knee surgery, and the elbow is no different. Minimally invasive techniques potentially allow for less perioperative pain, less morbidity, and faster recovery in properly selected patients. The literature is rife with reports describing less invasive surgical techniques for managing elbow conditions, especially arthroscopic techniques.1–20 Although this “wave of enthusiasm” has led to a shift from traditional open techniques to arthroscopic surgery in many elbow conditions, the principles of surgical management must remain the same, i.e., the pathologic lesions must be appropriately addressed. This chapter serves as an overview of how we can transition from traditional open techniques to minimally invasive or arthroscopic techniques for many elbow problems.
A Review of Technology-Based Youth and Family-Focused Interventions

In the past 10 years, mental and behavioral health has seen a proliferation of technology-based interventions in the form of online and other computer-delivered programs. This paper focuses on technology-based treatment and preventive interventions aimed at benefitting children and adolescents via either involving the parents and families, or only the youth. The review considered only technology-based interventions that had at least one published study with a randomized controlled trial design. Questions being addressed included: (1) What are the technology-based interventions in the mental/behavioral health area that have been systematically evaluated in published studies? (2) What are the common and unique characteristics of these interventions and their application with respect to sample characteristics, target problems, and technology characteristics (platforms, structures, elements, and communication formats)? and (3) Which intervention approaches and strategies have accrued the greatest evidence? The review identified 30 technology-based psychosocial interventions for children and families, 19 of which were parent or family-focused (32 studies) and 11 of which were youth-focused (in 13 studies). For the parent/family-focused interventions, greatest promise was found in those that addressed either youth behavioral problems or depressive/anxious symptoms, as well as more general bolstering of parenting efficacy. The youth-focused interventions showed some promise in reducing depressive/anxious symptoms. Advantages and disadvantages of the technology-based approaches were considered, and areas for future research and development were discussed.
Is seeing believing? Applying a realist framework to examine agriculture and climate change

ABSTRACTAgricultural production contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and global climate change. If the agricultural sector is to mitigate its contributions, farmers must actively adopt conservation practices. Recent studies have shown farmers’ beliefs about climate change to be influential in their support for adopting these practices. This study explores how social groups and their climate change messages interact with regional biophysical expressions of climate change to influence farmers’ climate change beliefs. We apply a recently revised realist framework to qualitative data from 104 interviews with corn farmers in Iowa and Indiana, United States (US). Our findings illustrate that many farmers are able to detect the biophysical expressions of climate change; however, their acknowledgement of the impacts of climate change in most cases does not translate into an acknowledgement of the anthropogenic nature of climate change. Conflicting social messages produce uncertainty about or disbelief in human...
Three Experiments on Functional Fixedness

Six objects were ranked (by use) for suitability as a hammer. Two objects with high rankings were used in a functional fixedness experiment, each in turn being the fixed object. Two objects of medium rank were so used in another experiment; and one high and one medium were used in a third. A control condition in each experiment determined, again, the suitability of each object for use as a hammer. In two experiments one object was so highly preferred that it was impossible to produce functional fixedness. In the third experiment the results showed positive rather than negative transfer. Remarks are made on the design of experiments in functional fixedness.
TLR4-directed Molecular Strategies Targeting Skin Photodamage and Carcinogenesis

BACKGROUND Exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a causative factor in skin photodamage and carcinogenesis, and inflammatory dysregulation is a key mechanism underlying detrimental effects of acute and chronic UV exposure. The health and economic burden of skin cancer treatment is substantial, creating an increasingly urgent need for the development of improved molecular strategies for photoprotection and photochemoprevention. METHODS A structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature revealed 139 articles including our own that are presented and critically evaluated in this TLR4-directed review. OBJECTIVE To understand the molecular role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) as a key regulator of skin anti-microbial defense, wound healing, and cutaneous tumorigenic inflammation. The specific focus of this review is on recent published evidence suggesting that TLR4 represents a novel molecular target for skin photoprotection and cancer photochemoprevention. RESULTS Cumulative experimental evidence indicates that pharmacological and genetic antagonism of TLR4 suppresses UV-induced inflammatory signaling involving the attenuation of cutaneous NF-κB and AP-1 stress signaling observable in vitro and in vivo. TLR4-directed small molecule pharmacological antagonists [including eritoran, (+)-naloxone, ST2825, and resatorvid] have now been identified as a novel class of molecular therapeutics. TLR4 antagonists are in various stages of preclinical and clinical development for the modulation of dysregulated TLR4-dependent inflammatory signaling that may also contribute to skin photodamage and photocarcinogenesis in human populations. CONCLUSION Future research should explore the skin photoprotective and photochemopreventive efficacy of topical TLR4 antagonism if employed in conjunction with other molecular strategies including sunscreens.
Placenta Percreta in First Trimester after Multiple Rounds of Failed Medical Management for a Missed Abortion

Background. The detection of a morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) in the first trimester is rare. Risk factors such as multiparity, advanced maternal age, prior cesarean delivery, prior myomectomy, placenta previa, or previous uterine evacuation place patients at a higher risk for having abnormal placental implantation. If these patients have a first trimester missed abortion and fail medical management, it is important that providers have a heightened suspicion for a MAP. Case. A 24-year-old G4P3003 with 3 prior cesarean deliveries underwent multiple rounds of failed medical management for a missed abortion. She had a dilation and curettage that was complicated by a significant hemorrhage and ultimately required an urgent hysterectomy. Conclusion. When patients fail medical management for a missed abortion, providers need to assess the patient’s risk factors for a MAP. If risk factors are present, a series of specific evaluations should be triggered to rule out a MAP and help further guide management. Early diagnosis of a MAP allows providers to coordinate a multidisciplinary treatment approach and thoroughly counsel patients. Ensuring adequate resources and personnel at a tertiary hospital is essential to provide the highest quality of care and improve outcomes.
All autonomy is not created equal: the countervailing effects of salesperson autonomy on burnout

Autonomy is commonly regarded as a desirable element of an employee's psychological climate that has the potential to reduce salesperson burnout. The literature is silent, however, regarding whethe...
Analysis of the sensitivity of heart rate variability and subjective workload measures in a driving simulator: The case of highway work zones

Abstract Heart rate variability and subjective workload measures are extensively used to determine workload during driving. However, the sensitivity of heart rate and workload measurements in simulated driving environments is mostly unknown and can significantly affect the experiment results. The objectives of this paper are to determine how heart rate variability and subjective workload are affected in simulated highway work zones and study the relationship between heart rate variability, subjective workload, and driving performance indicators in simulated driving environments. Conventional lane merge (CLM), joint lane merge (JLM) and a road with no work zone are modeled with high and low traffic densities in a full-size driving simulator. NASA-TLX subjective workload measures and heart rate variability measures of root mean square of successive heartbeat differences (RMSSD), low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and the ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) are collected in 30 participants. Variability in steering angle, braking and speed are used as driving performance indicators. Results show that compared to no work zone, participants experienced higher mental, temporal, and overall workload in the CLM scenario and poorer driving performance ratings in the CLM and JLM scenarios. All workload measures except for performance were higher with high traffic density. However, heart rate variability measures were not sensitive to the differences in driving scenarios and traffic densities. Pearson correlation coefficients indicated an association between RMSSD and all the subjective workload measures (r > 0.21) except performance, and between LF, HF, and LF/HF ratio and mental workload (r > 0.21). Steering angle variability was slightly correlated with LF, HF, and LF/HF ratio (r > 0.16), but brake and speed variability were not associated with physiological outcomes. In conclusion, the subjective workload was higher in simulated work zones and under higher traffic density, but heart rate measures were largely unaffected.
A Qualitative Study of Gender Differences in the Experiences of General Surgery Trainees

Background Women surgeons continue to face unique challenges to professional advancement. Higher attrition rates and lower confidence among female surgical residents suggest that experiences during residency differ by gender. Few studies have investigated gender-specific experiences during training. This study identifies gender-based differences in the experiences of general surgery residents that could affect professional development. Materials and methods Male and female general surgery residents at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center participated in a semi-structured interview study exploring the significance of gender in training. Recurring themes were identified from transcribed interviews using inductive methods. Two individuals independently coded interviews. Themes were compared for male and female residents. Certain themes arose with greater frequency in reference to one gender over the other. Results Twenty-four male and eighteen female residents participated (87.5%) in the study. Fewer female residents self-identified as a "surgeon" (11.1% versus 37.5%, P Conclusions Women experience gender-based challenges during surgical training. Further investigation is needed to determine how these experiences affect professional development.
Pharmacological and Psychological Treatments for Comorbid Alcohol Use Disorder and Depressive Disorder: a Review

The goal of this review was to provide a summary of pharmacological and psychological interventions for patients with comorbid alcohol use disorder (AUD) and depressive disorder. We identified 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating pharmacological interventions and 10 RCTs evaluating psychological interventions in patients with comorbid AUD and depression. Antidepressants were efficacious only in some trials. The combination of anti-alcohol medication and antidepressant may be more effective. Similarly, motivational interviewing and cognitive-behavioral treatment have some efficacy for treating these comorbid disorders. Despite some mixed results, the current review suggests that pharmacological and psychological interventions have some efficacy for treating this population. Further research is necessary to develop more effective treatments for comorbid AUD and depressive disorder.
A New Siderophore in Aeromonas hydrophila: Possible Relationship to Virulence

Aeromonas hydrophila, a freshwater gram negative bacterium, causes a fatal disease in aquatic animals and is responsible for serious economic loss in commercial fish farming operations. In Mississippi, damage to the channel catfish industry is estimated at $800,000 per year (T. Wellborn, personal communication). A. Hydrophila also is the etiology of serious human diseases, including wound infections, acute gastroenteritis, and septicemia (see Jand. et al 1984).
Morris, Charles: Theory of the Sign

During the 1930s through the 1950s, Charles W. Morris was a dominant figure in semiotics. He is now best known for having promoted the ‘unity of science’ through the study of signs and for having insisted that signs (his ‘sign-vehicles’) are affected by the physiologies of those who send and/or receive them.
A description and evaluation of Paragon's type hierarchies for data abstraction

Publisher Summary Paragon was designed and implemented as a proof-of-concept and was never intended to become a production system. Its design is complete and a prototype implementation exists. Several thousand lines of Paragon code have been programmed. Both abstract data types and application programs have been programmed and processed by the prototype. This code also provides test cases for performance measurements that were taken of the prototype translator. This chapter demonstrates how a type hierarchy can be used for writing programs using the object–manger model to specify abstractions, refine the specifications, write representations for the abstractions, and combine representations as desired. These capabilities are not available in current languages; therefore, the Paragon design shows how type hierarchies can be used in new language designs. A number of programs were written and translated with a prototype system that processes Paragon, thus the suggested language is not a mere paper design but a complete language that can be implemented and used for programming. However, its age in a rapidly advancing field is showing, and a significant redesign would be required to be used as a production system.
A DNA sequence element that confers seed-specific enhancement to a constitutive promoter.

Abstract Genes encoding β-conglycinin, a soybean seed storage protein, are expressed only in seeds during mid-to-late stages in embryogeny. It was previously determined that a DNA sequence ˜200 nucleotides upstream of the transcriptional start site of the gene encoding the α'-subunit of β-conglycinin is essential for regulated gene expression in transgenic plants. The regulatory effect of this DNA element was tested by inserting the element in different positions and different orientations within a chimeric constitutively expressed reporter gene. The reporter gene was comprised of the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), a gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) and the polyadenylation signal from the α'-subunit gene. The element had no significant effect on the expression of the CAT gene in roots, stems, or leaves, regardless of the position of its insertion (i.e. 5 or 3 of the gene). However, there was 25- to 40-fold enhancement of CAT gene expression in seeds during mid-to-late stages of embryo development when the element was placed in either orientation within the 35S promoter. There was 2- to 4-fold enhancement of CAT activity when the element was placed 3' of the CAT coding sequence. No enhancement was detected when the element was placed downstream of the 3' non-coding region. This is, to our knowledge, the first identification of a cis-acting element that enhances gene expression in a tissue-specific and temporally regulated manner during embryo development in plants.
Urethral Meatal Warts in Men: Results of Urethroscopy and Biopsy

Human papillomavirus is a common sexually transmitted infection associated with cervical dysplasia. We investigated the extent of urethral human papillomavirus infection by performing urethrocystoscopy on 90 men who presented to a sexually transmitted disease clinic with external meatal warts. A total of 83 men underwent biopsies and in 49 human papillomavirus typing was done. Of 90 men with external meatal warts 75 (83.3%) had no other warts, while 15 (16.7%) also had more proximal lesions. Only 5 men (5.6%) had lesions at or beyond the pendulous urethra. Of the 90 men 12 (13.3%) had 2 warts, 3 (3.3%) had 3 warts and none had more than 3 warts. A total of 39 men had human papillomavirus type 6/11, 1 had type 31/33/35 and 9 were negative for human papillomavirus antigens. Histological evaluation of biopsies showed no dysplasia. Our study confirms that the frequency of internal urethral warts is low. Human papillomavirus infection was not associated with urethral dysplasia.
Effect of tetracycline on ammonia and carbon removal by the facultative bacteria in the anaerobic digester of a sewage treatment plant.

Abstract This study was conducted to see the effect of tetracycline on nitrogen assimilation and carbon removal in an anaerobic digester of a sewage plant. Samples of sewage were collected from an anaerobic digester sludge. Consortium of nitrogen assimilating bacteria were isolated from the sample and its ability to assimilate ammonia at different concentrations of tetracycline was measured along with carbon removal. The results indicate that while high concentrations of tetracycline of more than 100 mg/L delayed the growth of the bacteria, the resistant bacteria grew after a lag period and the removal of nitrogen and carbon was unaffected even at the highest tetracycline concentration of 250 mg/L tested in this study.
Ethical Integrated Healthcare

As integrated team-based healthcare becomes the predominate form of healthcare delivery to meet the demands of the Quadruple Aim, we must prepare the healthcare workforce to be competent, ethically sound, and prepared to work effectively within interprofessional teams (Institute of Medicine, 2001). Strong training in legal, ethical, and professional decision-making from a multidisciplinary lens is essential. Through following these practical recommendations and guidelines and using the applied decision-making tools and assignments focused on integrated case topics, our healthcare workforce will demonstrate readiness for team-based practice transformation.
Chemical processing methods for protein recovery from marine by-products and underutilized fish species

Publisher Summary Fish has an amino acid composition that makes it an excellent source of nutritive and easily digestible protein. Fish proteins also possess properties that make them good agents of water holding, gelation, fat binding, emulsification, and foamin. The great demand for quality fish protein in the world is growing at a faster pace than can be met with traditional resources and has in many places led to significant over fishing, often requiring governmental intervention. There are still abundant sources of fish that are underutilized in the sense that they are not utilized as human food, most notably the fatty pelagic fish species and processing by-products. Therefore, using conventional technologies to process fish and creating value added fish products generally lead to limited utilization of the animal, and large amounts of protein-rich by-product materials are lost and not recovered. Both chemical and enzymatic processes have been developed with the goal to recover functional ingredients from the materials, most notably proteins and lipids. One of the oldest methods to recover proteins from fish muscle is surimi processing, which includes washing ground fish muscle with water to leech out undesirable water soluble proteins and lipids. One of the earliest attempts to recover protein from by-products and underutilized species for use as a human food was the production of Fish Protein Concentrates (FPC). Furthermore, proteins can be chemically hydrolyzed with either acid or base with the help of high temperatures. Chemical hydrolysis is a relatively inexpensive and simple method to extract fish proteins from by-products and several processes have been proposed for the acid or alkaline hydrolysis of fish.
Pre- and Peri-Operative Factors Associated with Chronic Critical Illness in Liver Transplant Recipients.

Background: Chronic critical illness (CCI) is a new and increasing entity that accounts for substantial cost despite its low incidence. We hypothesized that patients with end-stage liver failure un...
CO2 laser drilling coupled with moderate electric fields for enhancement of the mass transfer phenomenon in a tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) peeling process

Abstract Tomatoes are listed as the most consumed vegetables around the world, with a profitable market into the peeled-canned tomato industry. In this sense, the lye method is commonly performed as peeling method, but with severe impact on the environment. Therefore, this study focuses on modifying the surface of tomato skin by using laser CO2 drilling under different pore size (127.92–194.39 μm), pore density (2–9 pore·cm−2) and coupled with moderate electric field (MEF) at 1333 V m−1 to facilitate its removal. The variables NaOH concentration, pore density and pore size were tested. As a result, the effective diffusion coefficient for the drilled skin ranged between 4.45 × 10−11 and 24.95 × 10−11 m2 s−1 at 60 °C (p-value
Chapter VIII – Color Perception

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the judgments made by monkeys with stimuli graded in hue, lightness, or saturation. Lightness was scaled under a variety of conditions and saturation under one. The results of these experiments described in the chapter indicated that monkeys need experience to become trained in the successive paradigm but relatively little experience for the simultaneous paradigm. In the successive scaling of lightness, monkeys appear to respond on the basis of less information than do human beings. Human beings sample more elements at a time and thereby judge light-gray stimuli as white and dark-gray as black. A mathematical model took judgment, latency, and individual subject data into account. Age differences in saturation discrimination by human beings and monkeys were strikingly similar, using an adaption of the ISCC Color Aptitude Test, but human beings were more efficient than monkeys. The simultaneous paradigm has been used by proponents of a stimulus selection position and the successive paradigm by proponents of a response selection position. Stimulus selection depends on the stimulus acquiring excitatory or inhibitory associations.
Prescription stimulant diversion on a college campus: Intrapersonal, interpersonal and environmental correlates.

Prescription stimulant diversion is a behavior that increases the availability and accessibility of prescription stimulants for purposes such as misuse. As such, we aimed to develop a theory-guided...
Athletic Trainers' Job Tasks and Status During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Preliminary Analysis.

CONTEXT: In December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, also known as the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), became a global public health crisis. Government officials in the United States subsequently responded by issuing lockdown orders that closed schools, terminated sports, and resulted in many people transitioning to working from home, immediately affecting the ability of athletic trainers (ATs) to practice clinically. OBJECTIVE: To describe the job status, job duties, telemedicine use, and resiliency of ATs during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Mixed-methods survey. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: A total of 611 ATs (age = 32 ± 13 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The survey consisted of 6 demographic questions, a job status assessment (3 questions, 1 open-ended prompt), a telemedicine use assessment (5 questions, 2 open-ended prompts), and the 6-item Brief Resilience Scale. Qualitative analyses were completed using Text iQ technology and descriptive statistics, and cross-tabulations were conducted using follow-up χ2 comparisons of resiliency with job setting and telemedicine use. RESULTS: Most ATs continued to work in some capacity throughout the COVID-19 pandemic and expressed optimism about the likelihood that their job status and setting would return. However, participants shared financial and mental health concerns because of reduced pay, stress, and uncertainty about the future. We also identified versatility within the profession, as ATs were serving in new roles related to COVID-19 or adopting telemedicine (n = 251, 41.1%). Athletic trainers were implementing all domains of clinical practice using telemedicine, yet most did not consult legal counsel on or have formal training in the delivery method before implementation. Finally, most ATs exhibited normal resilience that was not affected by job setting (χ2 = 26.901, P = .68) or the use of virtual health care (χ2 = 2.597, P = .27). CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected ATs' jobs, and in many cases, the ATs have demonstrated adaptability and value in assuming various roles in the larger health care system.
Reading the fine print: A review and analysis of business journals’ data sharing policies

Business librarians offer many data services to their researchers. These services are often focused more on discovery, visualization, and analysis than general data management. But, with the replic...
Find your joy- (Can a surgeon actually retire?).

Abstract After surviving a massive heart attack, I was advised to develop a ten-year plan to retire. During the journey, I learned what had given me joy during my career as an academic surgeon and developed hobbies that replicated that joy. On December 1, 2014, I fully retired and walked away. While I am proud to have been a surgeon, and have many fond memories, I haven’t looked back. Yes, a surgeon can retire, but successful retirement requires that you “Find Your Joy” and new ways to fulfill it.
Assessing the equity and effectiveness of PerformanceStat systems

The PerformanceStat approach to performance management emphasizes leadership involvement, top-down accountability routines, and rapid application of data, a configuration likely to improve measured...
Abstract 069: Sporadic Step Accumulation And All-cause Mortality In The Women’S Health Study: Do All Steps Count?

Background: With the popularity of step counting and feasibility of accumulating physical activity (PA) through sporadic spurts (e.g., taking the stairs), the 2018 PA Guidelines Committee called fo...
Microbiomes of commercially-available pine nuts and sesame seeds

Metagenomic analysis of food is becoming more routine and can provide important information pertaining to the shelf life potential and the safety of these products. However, less information is available on the microbiomes associated with low water activity foods. Pine nuts and sesame seeds, and food products which contain these ingredients, have been associated with recalls due to contamination with bacterial foodborne pathogens. The objective of this study was to identify the microbial community of pine nuts and sesame seeds using targeted 16S rRNA sequencing technology. Ten different brands of each seed type were assessed, and core microbiomes were determined. A total of 21 and 16 unique taxa with proportional abundances >1% in at least one brand were identified in the pine nuts and sesame seeds, respectively. Members of the core pine nut microbiome included the genera Alishewanella, Aminivibrio, Mycoplasma, Streptococcus, and unassigned OTUs in the families of Desulfobacteraceae and Xanthomonadaceae. For sesame seeds, the core microbiome included Aminivibrio, Chryseolina, Okibacterium, and unassigned OTUs in the family Flavobacteriaceae. The microbiomes of these seeds revealed that these products are dominated by environmental bacterial genera commonly isolated from soil, water, and plants; bacterial genera containing species known as commensal organisms were also identified. Understanding these microbiomes can aid in the risk assessment of these products by identifying food spoilage potential and community members which may co-enrich with foodborne bacterial pathogens.
‘Ol’ Man River’ at the Front: Paul Robeson, Music, and Blackness in Republican Spain

Several scholars have discussed the impact of the Spanish Civil War on the Black singer, actor, and activist Paul Robeson, including his brief 1938 tour of Republican Spain. Yet none has considered...
Analysis of a Novel Inpatient Acute Limb Ischemia Alert System.

Objectives Acute limb ischemia (ALI) is a surgical emergency that generally develops in the outpatient setting. Hospitalized patients are also at risk for acute limb ischemia, but their presentation may be atypical or altered by medical therapy. Our institution developed an alert system to facilitate the prompt recognition and treatment of ALI that occurs in the inpatient population. We aimed to evaluate the usage of the system after the first 2 years of operation. Methods All ALI alerts from October 2017 to December 2019 were collected from paging records and analyzed for location, timing, and the need for intervention. Alerts undergoing vascular intervention were classified as urgent (within 8 hours) or delayed (after 8 hr). Time and location data were evaluated to determine patterns of usage and true-positive rate of the system. Results From October 2017 to December 2019, there were 237 ALI alerts obtained from paging records containing time and location information for the alert. More alerts originated from ICUs relative to non-ICU floors (68% vs. 33%, P Conclusion Our novel hospital-wide ALI alert system demonstrates a 14.5% positive predictive value for ischemia that resulted in an intervention. Alerts were more likely to originate from the ICU setting and during nursing shift changes. Alerts originating from non-ICU floors were 5 times more likely to undergo surgical intervention for ALI. Further analysis is required to assess the effect of this system on patient safety, outcome, and allocation of institutional resources.
Prognostic Significance of Imaging Myocardial Sympathetic Innervation

There has been a longstanding interest in understanding whether the presence of inhomogeneity in myocardial sympathetic innervation can predict patients at risk of sudden cardiac arrest from lethal ventricular arrhythmias. The advent of radiolabeled norepinephrine analogs has allowed this to be imaged in patients with ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy using single, photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). Several observational studies have demonstrated that globally elevated myocardial sympathetic tone (as reflected by reduced myocardial norepinephrine analog uptake) can predict composite cardiac end-points including total cardiovascular mortality. More recent studies have indicated that quantifying the extent of regional denervation can predict the risk of lethal ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. This review will summarize our current understanding of the prognostic significance of altered myocardial sympathetic innervation.
Grid service composition in BPEL for scientific applications

Grid computing aims to create an accessible virtual supercomputer by integrating distributed computers to form a parallel infrastructure for processing applications. To enable service-oriented Grid computing, the Grid computing architecture was aligned with the current Web service technologies; thereby, making it possible for Grid applications to be exposed as Web services. The WSRF set of specifications standardized the association of state information with Web services (WS-Resource) while providing interfaces for the management of state data. The Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) is the leading standard for integrating Web services and as such has a natural affinity to the integration of Grid services. In this paper, we share our experience on using BPEL to integrate, create, and manage WS-Resources that implement the factory pattern. To the best of our knowledge, this work is among the handful approaches that successfully use BPEL for orchestrating WSRF-based services and the only one that includes the discovery and management of instances.
Scaling and Classification in Social Measurement

Every classification category is located within a taxonomy. A typology differentiates entities at a particular level of a taxonomy in terms of one or more properties. Quantitative measurements also differentiate entities at a given taxonomic level, serving like typological classifications, but obtaining greater logical and mathematical power by ordering the classification categories. Classifications ordered along a dimension of variation to provide quantitative measurements constitute a scale. Measurements and theories are interdependent for several reasons. First, taxonomies and typologies are theoretical constructions and are part of all measurements. Second, the notion of measurement error arises from the idea that theories apply to and define true values as opposed to observed values. Third, the development of meaningful measurements requires theoretical conceptualization of relations between variables, while testing a theory's validity requires adequate measurements.
Cooperative driving at adjacent blind intersections

Cooperative driving technology with intervehicle communication attracts increasing interests in the last decade. Under cooperative driving guidance, motion of individual vehicles can be conducted in a more safe, deterministic and smooth manner, which is particularly useful to heavy duty vehicles, since their acceleration/ deceleration capacity is relatively low. Specifically in this paper, cooperative driving at adjacent blind intersections (intersections without traffic lights) is studied. A concept named "safety driving patterns" is proposed to represent the collision free movements of all encountered vehicles at intersections. The solution space of allowable movement schedules is then described by a spanning tree in terms of safety driving patterns. The trajectory planning algorithms are also formulated to determine the driving plans with least execution times using schedule trees.
Characterizing a Classroom Practice that Promotes Algebraic Reasoning.

We present here results of a case study examining the classroom practice of one thirdgrade teacher as she participated in a long-term professional development project led by the authors. Our goal was to explore in what ways and to what extent the teacher was able to build a classroom that supported the development of students' algebraic reasoning skills. We analyzed 1 year of her classroom instruction to determine the robustness with which she integrated algebraic reasoning into the regular course of daily instruction and its subsequent impact on students' ability to reason algebraically. We took the diversity of types of algebraic reasoning, theirfrequency andform of integration, and techniques of instructional practice that supported students' algebraic reasoning as a measure of the robustness of her capacity to build algebraic reasoning. Results indicate that the teacher was able to integrate algebraic reasoning into instruction in planned and spontaneous ways that led to positive shifts in students' algebraic reasoning skills.
Rapid Ornithine Decarboxylase Test for the Identification of Enterobacteriaceae

Conventional methods for detecting ornithine decarboxylase activity require an extended period of incubation. However, with a few simple modifications, accurate results were obtained within a few hours rather than several days. The broth medium was modified, primarily by omitting glucose and by decreasing the pH to 5.5. A 1-ml amount of this broth was inoculated with one colony and then overlaid with sterile mineral oil. Within 2 to 4 hr, the pH increased if ornithine was decarboxylated, thus changing the color of the internal pH indicator to a dark purple. If the amino acid was not decarboxylated, the pH decreased to pH 5.0 to 5.2, enough to give a definite yellow color. With 347 selected clinical isolates, the rapid test gave results identical to those obtained in 1 to 4 days with Moeller's decarboxylase medium. Less reliable results were obtained with Difco's decarboxylase medium with 0.3% agar which was stabinoculated and read after 18 to 24 hr without a mineral oil seal. The rapid ornithine decarboxylase test represents a simple, accurate technique which is well suited for the clinical microbiology laboratory.
Star Formation and Related Topics

Many processes and many types of observations are relevant to an understanding of star formation. In these lectures I shall attempt to sketch briefly some of the problems involved and some results, mostly theoretical, of studies of star formation, concentrating on qualitative or “back-of-the-envelope” aspects. The first lecture will consider the collapse of individual protostars, as understood mainly from spherical collapse models; the second will consider multidimensional collapse and the fragmentation problem; and the third will consider some aspects of star formation on a galactic scale.
Primary Neoplastic Transformation in Vivo of Xenogeneic Skin Grafts on Nude Mice

Rabbit skin was infected with Shope papilloma virus and grafted orthotopically to nude mice. Typical Shope rabbit papillomas developed in most of the grafts, but similarly treated nude mouse skin grafts were not altered. These results demonstrated that xenogeneic tissues retained susceptibility to oncogenic agents after transplantation to nude mice. The results also implied that it should be feasible to study carcinogenesis of human tissues in this system.
Alien vs. Mobile user game: Fast and efficient area coverage in crowdsensing

Mobile crowdsensing enables real-time sensing of the physical world. However, providing uniform sensing coverage of an entire area may prove difficult. It is possible to collect a disproportionate amount of data from very popular regions in the area, while the unpopular regions remain uncovered. To address this problem, we propose a model for collecting crowdsensing data based on incentivizing smart phone users to play sensing games, which provide in-game incentives to convince participants to cover all the regions of a target area. We designed and implemented a first person shooter sensing game, “Alien vs. Mobile User”, which employs techniques to attract users to unpopular regions. Our prototype Android game collects WiFi data to create a campus coverage map. The results from a user study show that mobile gaming ensures high coverage, and we observe that the proposed game design succeeds in achieving good player engagement. Furthermore, we compare three strategies for area coverage in terms of coverage time and coverage effort for users. The simulation results demonstrate that Progressive Movement is the best strategy because it manages to quickly entice users from popular regions to unpopular ones with a reasonable coverage effort.
Analysis and Synthesis of Feedback Control Systems in the Parameter Plane II-Sampled-Data Systems

This paper presents parameter-plane analysis and synthesis of sampled-data linear control systems. Just as in the continuous system case,1 the proposed method permits the designer to obtain readily the information about the effects on both the absolute and relative stability of adjusting system parameters. Since the characteristic equations in the parameter plane can be factored in a straightforward manner for various values of system parameters, the salient characteristics of system response may be advantageously designed by the presented procedure. The introduction of the Chebyshev functions makes the procedure ideal for simulation on a digital computer. Also, all analytical and graphical operations are performed in the real domain.
QM/MM Methods: Recent Developments and Application to Membrane Proteins and Molecular Motors

I'll briefly discuss recent developments of QM/MM methods in our lab, with an emphasis on methods that allow an efficient sampling of at least local motions coupled to the biochemical process of interest. Next, I'll discuss the application of these methods to address specific mechanistic questions in proton pumps and biomolecular motors. The applications highlight that calibrated QM/MM methods are valuable because they provide not only energetic/kinetic information for the relevant biochemical driving forces (e.g., ATP hydrolysis) in these biomolecular machines but also spectroscopic observables that can be compared directly to experiments. Another feature that emerges from these applications is that changing hydration level of internal protein cavities may play an important role in modulating the proton affinity of key groups and thus the timing of key chemical events. In short, the discussions highlight the advantages of an efficient QM/MM framework based on an approximate DFT method (DFTB3) and the diverse roles of water molecules in biomolecular functions.
Studies of the distribution of a new avian pancreatic polypeptide and insulin among birds, reptiles, amphibians and mammals.

A radioimmunoassay is described for a new polypeptide isolated from chicken pancreas (APP), and the distribution of this peptide among the pancreases of other birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians was studied. APP-like immunoreactivity was found in acid-alcohol extracts of the pancreases of all eight avian species that were tested and in extracts of turtle and alligator pancreas. No cross-reactivity was found in the mammalian or amphibian pancreatic extracts or with the purified homologous bovine polypeptide. The anti-chicken APP sera did not cross-react with solutions of gastrin, insulin or glucagon and no APP-like reactivity was found in acid-alcohol extracts of any other chicken organ. Thus, APP was localized in the pancreas but no information is yet available on its cellular localization. APP immunoreactivity was demonstrable in chicken plasma and the concentration varied with the prandial state of the birds. This information, together with biological data previously published, suggests that APP rep...
Magnetic Field Behavior of a Josephson-Junction Array: Two-Dimensional Flux Transport on a Periodic Substrate

This Letter reports measurements down to 3 mK of the magnetic field dependence of the resistance and critical current of a weakly coupled periodic array of Josephson junctions. Below 700 mK the resistance is an oscillatory function of field. The temperature dependence of the resistance for integral numbers of flux quanta per cell suggests the existence of a Kosterlitz-Thouless transition involving the unbinding of defects in the flux lattice.
Detecting skewed errors from regression residuals

Symmetry of the error distribution is a common assumption in robust estimation of location and regression parameters. Tests for detecting asymmetry in the location problem are available, but their performance in regression situations is unknown. Here two such tests are investigated, and the evidence suggests two conclusions. First, the tests are valid when applied directly to either robust or least squares residuals as long as the number of parameters estimated is no more than a fourth of the sample size. Second, the effect of the design matrix on power for detecting a skewed error distribution is roughly characterized by a third-moment quantity based on least squares analysis.
A Nonparametric Multivariate Multi-Index Drought Monitoring Framework

AbstractAccurate and reliable drought monitoring is essential to drought mitigation efforts and reduction of social vulnerability. A variety of indices, such as the standardized precipitation index (SPI), are used for drought monitoring based on different indicator variables. Because of the complexity of drought phenomena in their causation and impact, drought monitoring based on a single variable may be insufficient for detecting drought conditions in a prompt and reliable manner. This study outlines a multivariate, multi-index drought monitoring framework, namely, the multivariate standardized drought index (MSDI), for describing droughts based on the states of precipitation and soil moisture. In this study, the MSDI is evaluated against U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM) data as well as the commonly used standardized indices for drought monitoring, including detecting drought onset, persistence, and spatial extent across the continental United States. The results indicate that MSDI includes attractive propert...
Local thermodilution: A reliable technique for estimating renal blood flow in the rabbit

Abstract 1. 1. A thermistor probe designed for determination of renal blood flow in rabbits, consisted of a fast-responding bead thermistor and an injection port which was also used to measure renal venous pressure between injections. 2. 2. By an in vitro calibration system, actual measured flow (. Q a ) correlates well with the thermodilution calculated flow (. Q c ). where . Q c = 0.99 . Q a + 4.9 ( r = 0.97, n = 42). 3. 3. The renal blood flow ( RBF ) as determined by the thermodilution technique in 3 control groups was 53 ± 3 (8), 60 ± 6 (8), and 62 ± 3 (3) ml/min/kidney or about 9% of the cardiac output. 4. 4. Hypovolemia ( −10%,) reduced RBF by 19% from the control value, whereas, hypervolemia (+ 10%) did not alter RBF . 5. 5. Smoke-induced apnea resulted in hypertension ( + 30%) and bradycardia ( − 39%). and was associated with changes in RBF (−55%) and renal vascular resistance (+183%). 6. 6. We conclude that the local thermodilution technique is a relatively easy and reliable method for estimating RBF in rabbits.