cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using the thoughts on teen parenting survey to determine the impact of Wise Guys.

Abstract Purpose. The purpose of this project was to determine if the Wise Guysprogram inﬂuences young men’s perceptions of the impact a teen birthwould have on their lives in the areas of relationships, vocation, and per-sonal life. DesignandMethods. TheWiseGuysprogramwasimplementedwith70adolescent males. The Thoughts on Teen Parenting Survey was used todetermineparticipants’perceptionsofthecostsandrewardsassociatedwithteen parenting. Results. Data, analyzed using paired t -tests, demonstrated that Wise Guyswas effective in reinforcing less positive perceptions of teen parenting. Practice Implications. Wise Guys offers an important strategy to impactyoungmen’sperceptionsabouttheteenparentingexperienceandprovidesone means to promote responsible sexual behavior in teen men. Reductions in teen pregnancy rates in the past threedecades have largely been attributed to more teenschoosingnottoengageinsexualactivityandtheuseof birth control and protection by those who do par-ticipate in sexual intercourse (Martinez, Copen, A Martinez et al., 2011).Recent federal funding initiatives emphasizingevidence-based curricula and programming, publicpolicies related to adolescent sexual health, andmediadepictions of the realities of teen childbearinghave reinforced initiatives designed to continue toreduce teen pregnancy and birth rates.Educational efforts to prevent teen pregnancystrive to enhance sexual decision making, contra-ceptive self-efﬁcacy, abilities to negotiate, relation-ship skills, concepts of personal responsibility, andknowledgeofconsequences.Additionaleffortsfocuson youth development strategies, fostering futuregoal setting for educational and career trajectories,or on healthcare interventions that increase accessto reproductive health services and affordable birthcontrol. Although all of these interventions may becredited with contributing to the reduction in teenpregnancy rates, most efforts focus on youngwomen, young mothers, and the female role in safesexual behavior. Despite evidence that 42% of ado-lescent males are sexually active and account for alarge percentage of those with sexually transmittedinfections (Martinez et al., 2011), and the fact thatmales are obviously involved with teen pregnancy,preventionstrategiesfocusedonmenarelesspromi-nent in the literature, and comprehensive programsfocusing on the role of young men in responsiblesexualbehaviorarelimited.Sonenstein(2001)rein-forced that young men who are most vulnerable,including those of color, living in poverty, out ofschool, involved in the juvenile justice system, infostercare,whoaregayorbisexual,andmenintheirearly 20s, require the most intense efforts to con-tinue to make positive strides in teen pregnancyprevention.The lack of educational and healthcare resourcesfocused on the reproductive health of young men
Integer discontinuity of density functional theory

Density functional approximations to the exchange-correlation energy of the Kohn-Sham theory, such as the local density approximation and generalized gradient approximations, lack the well-known integer discontinuity, a feature that is critical to describe molecular dissociation correctly. Moreover, standard approximations to the exchange-correlation energy also fail to yield the correct linear dependence of the ground-state energy on the number of electrons when this is a noninteger number obtained from the grand canonical ensemble statistics. We present a formal framework to restore the integer discontinuity of any density functional approximation. Our formalism derives from a formula for the exact energy functional and a constrained search functional that recovers the linear dependence of the energy on the number of electrons.
Effects of cigarette smoking on the angiographic evolution of coronary atherosclerosis. A Canadian Coronary Atherosclerosis Intervention Trial (CCAIT) Substudy. CCAIT Study Group.

Background Although smoking increases both the risk of developing coronary disease and the risk of coronary events in patients with known coronary atherosclerosis, the effect of smoking on the evolution of coronary atherosclerosis as assessed by serial angiography is poorly defined. Methods and Results Ninety smokers with coronary atherosclerosis shown on a recent angiogram and with fasting cholesterol levels between 220 and 300 mg/dL were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of cholesterol-lowering therapy, along with 241 nonsmokers and ex-smokers. Lovastatin at a mean dose of 36 mg/d lowered total and LDL cholesterol by 21±11% and 29±11%, respectively, but these levels changed by <2% in placebo-treated patients. Coronary arteriography was repeated after 2 years in 72 smokers and their 557 lesions were measured blindly with an automated quantitative system, along with 1752 lesions in 227 nonsmokers. Coronary change score, the per-patient mean of the minimal lumen diameter chan...
Light Microscopic and Ultrastructural Changes in the Ceca of Chicks Inoculated with Human and Canine Serpulina pilosicoli

Light microscopic and ultrastructural changes were observed in chicks challenged with North American Serpulina pilosicoli, a weakly 6-hemolytic intestinal spirochete (WBHIS) associated with human and canine intestinal spirochetosis. Chicks in control groups received trypticase soy broth or canine Serpulina innocens. The birds were necropsied at weekly intervals, and the ceca were processed for bacteriologic and pathologic examinations. No WBHIS were isolated from the ceca of chicks in the control groups, but WBHIS with genotypes similar to the parent isolates were isolated from the ceca of chicks inoculated with human and canine S. pilosicoli. Gross examination revealed no significant changes in the ceca of chicks at any time post- inoculation. Light microscopic examination revealed no spirochetal attachment in the ceca of chicks in control groups. In contrast, focal to diffuse thickening of the brush border of the surface epithelium along with dilation of the crypt lumina and mild focal lamina propria heterophil infiltration were present in the ceca of chicks inoculated with human and canine S. pilosicoli. Scanning electron microscopic examination revealed focal to confluent spirochetal attachment mainly in the furrow region at the periphery of the crypt units. Transmission electron microscopic examination revealed spirochetes attached to the brush border of the cecal epithelium, causing effacement of the microvilli and disruption of the terminal web microfilaments. The cecal epithelium of chicks inoculated with the canine S. pilosicoli also had caplike elevations of the apical membrane at the point of attachment of the spirochetes together with large numbers of vesicles in the cytoplasm immediately beneath the terminal web and evidence of spirochetal invasion beyond the mucosal barrier. The changes observed suggested that the mechanism of attachment of human and canine S. pilosicoli to the cecal epithelium of chicks was analogous to but different from that described previously for other attaching and effacing gastroenteric bacterial pathogens of human beings and animals.
Recommendations for Children and Adolescents Based on Evidence

Pediatric Neuropsychological Intervention. Scott J. Hunter and Jacobus Donders (Eds.). 2007. New York: Cambridge University Press, 493 pp., $115.00 (HB).Pediatric neuropsychologists have a new resource to add to their growing collection of texts. Hunter and Donders have edited an invaluable resource with chapters on basic developmental and assessment issues, reviews of both common and less commonly known conditions that often result in disability, and suggestions for empirically based treatment. The editors' goal is to direct researchers toward intervention studies to demonstrate that practice is indeed based on evidence.
Methods and applications of femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy

Femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy is emerging as a new technique for investigating polyatomic excited state dynamics. Due to the sensitivity of photoelectron spectroscopy to both electronic configurations and vibrational dynamics, it is well suited to the study of ultrafast non-adiabatic processes such as internal conversion, often occurring on sub-picosecond time scales. We discuss technical requirements for such experiments, including laser systems, energy and angle resolved photoelectron spectrometers and new detectors for coincidence experiments. We illustrate these methods with examples from diatomic wavepacket dynamics and ultrafast non-adiabatic processes in polyatomic molecules. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Alloantigen-specific regulatory T cells

IMMUNOBIOLOGY Approximately 14 years ago, CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (T-reg) cells were first identified as playing an important role in the maintenance of allograft immune tolerance.[1][1] Since that initial report, several more investigators have confirmed their role in a variety of allograft
Ultrafiltration Characteristics of Glucose Polymers with Low Polydispersity

BackgroundIcodextrin, a glucose polymer with a polydispersity [ratio of weight-average molecular weight (Mw) to number-average molecular weight] of approximately 2.6, has been shown, compared with ...
Virtualized reality: concepts and early results

The visual medium evolved from early paintings to the realistic paintings of the classical era to photographs. The medium of moving imagery started with motion pictures. Television and video recording advanced it to show action "live" or capture and playback later. In all of the above media, the view of the scene is determined at the transcription time, independent of the viewer. We have been developing a new visual medium called virtualized reality. It delays the selection of the viewing angle until view time, using techniques from computer vision and computer graphics. The visual event is captured using many cameras that cover the action from all sides. The 3D structure of the event, aligned with the pixels of the image, is computed for a few selected directions using a stereo technique. Triangulation and texture mapping enable the placement of a "soft-camera" to reconstruct the event from any new viewpoint. With a stereo-viewing system, virtualized reality allows a viewer to move freely in the scene, independent of the transcription angles used to record the scene. We describe the hardware and software setup in our "studio" to make virtualized reality movies. Examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the system.
SMALL FARMS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: IS SMALL MORE SUSTAINABLE?

A new, post-industrial, paradigm for agriculture is emerging under the concept of sustainable agriculture. The sustainability paradigm has emerged to solve problems created by the industrial model, primarily environmental pollution and resource base degradation. The role of farm size in this transformation to a more sustainable agriculture is the issue addressed. Using a descriptive approach, and relying on a survey of the literature including emerging paradigms and observations, we conclude that, from a sustainability perspective, the smallest effective size will be the most competitive size for farms, as for other knowledge-based enterprises of the future.
Quantitative considerations for improving replicability in CALL and applied linguistics

There are a number of methodological practices commonly employed by CALL researchers that limit progress in the field. Some of these practices are particular to replication research, but most are more general and are found throughout the field. I describe in this paper two studies that are fabricated but that resemble much of what is found in published second language research. Each study corresponds to and contains a set of methodological issues. Following each study, I address the issues they illustrate, providing comments and suggestions for how the analyses could be modified to produce greater replicability and/or replicational value. I conclude with a summary of suggestions for quantitative reforms related to improving replication research and quantitative practices more generally in CALL and applied linguistics.
Developing government expertise in strategic contracting for public–private partnerships

While there is general consensus that a lack of internal skills and abilities threatens contracting performance, there is relatively little research on the processes and practices by which government develops knowledge in contract design and implementation. Drawing from primary data collected from two state government agencies in the USA, this research identifies the ways public managers use lessons from their own organization and from the wider organizational environment to improve their approach to contracting for public–private partnerships (PPPs). A four-part framework of organizational learning is presented to guide public sector capacity development for PPPs. The results suggest that public and private interests conflict not only in contract design and implementation, but also in the battle for ideas that inform government decision-making. The results also suggest that a number of internal management reforms are needed to foster a climate amenable to organizational learning on PPPs.
American Indian Cultural Resources Training Program at the Smithsonian Institution

nity. The program, which began in June 1973, reflects the changing attitudes of U.S. museum administrators toward their collections. They realize that the collections are not the playthings of a special segment of the population; the collections belong to all peoples from all backgrounds. As one Smithsonian curator expressed it, "these collections were acquired for posterity, and posterity is now."
Modeling and Experiments for Deformation Under Load in Ni-Mn-Ga Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy

A simple model is proposed to relate strain, stress, field and anisotropy in a ferromagnetic shape memory alloy (FSMA) and experiments were performed to test the validity of the model. The model is presented as applied to the case of orthogonal field and load in a NiMn-Ga FSMA. The model predicts threshold-type strain behavior as field changes at constant load or as load changes with constant field. The measured behavior of strain with stress at constant field approximated the predictions of the model. Field-induced strain remained constant at about 6% with the addition of stress until such a stress was applied that the mechanical energy overcame the anisotropy of the sample and the strain was reduced to 0. The model’s predictions of critical strain behavior with applied field at constant stress were qualitatively accurate at some stress levels, but under-predicted the field necessary to produce strain.
A Review of Three Reports on the Subject of Taxonomic Services in Support of Environmental Protection

Scientists in the 1970's have seen the establishment of a strong connection between research dollars and practical application of research results. Also, the enactment of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) has resulted in the responsibility of environmental assessment and protection being vested in Federal agencies, some of which are inadequately staffed and organized for this mission. The ability to identify components of ecosystems under study is crucial to environmental assessments, but our available resources, nationally, are so poorly coordinated and funded, that the total taxonomic support available can not keep up with the demand for it created by NEP A. In an effort to address this problem, the Association of Systematic Collections (ASC) has been bringing together users and suppliers of systematic services, identifying resources, finding problem areas, posing solutions, and focusing attention generally on the relation between environmental assessment and systematic services.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Girls From Outer Space: Emerging Girl Subjectivities and Reterritorializing Girlhood:

With an overview of the authors’ contributions, this introduction to the special issue on girls from outer space provides a conceptual framework for bringing counter-narratives of girls from the ma...
A Novel Approach for Multiple Moving Target Localization Using Dual-Frequency Radars and Time-Frequency Distributions

Accurate range estimation and tracking of moving targets is an important task in urban sensing applications. A dual-frequency radar, which estimates the range of a target based on the phase difference between two closely spaced frequencies, has been shown to be a cost-effective approach to accomplish both range-to-motion estimation and tracking. This approach, however, suffers from two drawbacks: it cannot deal with multiple moving targets, and has poor performance in noisy environments. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose, in this paper, the use of time-frequency signal representations. High signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is obtained by focusing on the moving target instantaneous Doppler frequency law provided by the power localization properties of time-frequency distributions. The case of multiple moving targets is handled by separating the different Doppler signatures prior to phase estimation.
Abstract 58: Adipose-Specific Deletion of ARV1 Results in Decreased HDL Cholesterol, Reduced White Adipose Tissue Mass and Improved Glucose Tolerance in Mice

ACAT related enzyme 2 required for viability 1 (ARV1) was identified as a gene required for viability in yeast in the absence of cholesterol esterification. ARV1 encodes a putative lipid transporter believed to be important in trafficking of lipids from the ER to the Golgi. ARV1 deficient yeast exhibit profound alterations in cholesterol, phospholipid, and sphingolipid metabolism, accompanied by a constitutively activated unfolded protein response and impaired GPI anchor synthesis. To study the role of ARV1 in mammalian lipid metabolism, we have generated mice with an adipose specific deletion of ARV1 using Cre/loxP technology with Cre expression driven by the Ap2 promoter. ARV1 adipose specific knockout (ASKO) mice exhibited significant reductions in plasma total cholesterol (↓21%, p < 0.05), HDL cholesterol (↓25%, p < 0.01), and phospholipid (↓17.6%, p < 0.05) levels, while fasting triglyceride levels were unaffected. ARV1 ASKO mice also had substantial reductions in epididymal adipose (WT: 0.41 +/- 0.0...
Zen and Japanese Culture

Many scholars, both in Japan and in the West, point out the interwoven relation between Zen and Japanese culture. In this chapter, Akihiko (Aki) Masuda, Ph.D. of University of Hawaii highlights notable features of Japanese cultural context that promote the wholehearted way of living that Zen delineates. He argues that although the influence of Western ideologies has permeated into Japanese cultural practice, Japanese people seem to continue to value this way of living. Living in the present modernized world, we cannot help feeling isolated from others and detached from our surroundings. Masuda argues that these epidemic issues can be attributable to the rigid adherence to an analytic and dualistic way of thinking pervasive in contemporary societies. Masuda then suggests that visiting the wholehearted way of living and Japanese cultural practice that supports such a way of living may illuminate the possibility for nurturing the sense of wholeness inclusive to all.
Minority politics in the Mediterranean world

On 29 July 2011, King Mohamed VI of Morocco promulgated into effect a new constitution. Responding to weeks of intense country-wide protests for social justice, dignity, and inclusivity, and decade...
Coresident evil: noisy vibrational pairing in the face of co-located acoustic eavesdropping

An interesting approach to pairing devices involves the use of a vibrational channel, over which the keying material (e.g., a short PIN) is sent. This approach is efficient (only a unidirectional transfer of PIN is needed) and simple (the sending device requires a vibration motor and receiving device requires an accelerometer). However, it has been shown to be susceptible to acoustic emanations usually produced by the vibration motor. Recent research introduced a mechanism to defeat these attacks by attempting to mask the acoustic leakage with deliberate acoustic noises. In this paper, we pursue a systematic investigation of the security of such a "noisy vibrational pairing" mechanism in a strong yet realistic adversarial model where the eavesdropper is co-located with the victim device(s).Our contributions are two-fold. First, we show that existing noisy vibrational pairing mechanisms - based on white noise as the masking signal - are vulnerable against a co-located eavesdropper (although they may defeat a distant eavesdropper). We build our attack based on standard signal processing and noise filtering techniques, and show that it can result in a complete compromise of pairing security. Second, we propose a defense that bolsters the masking signal with low-frequency audio tones. We present and address the challenges associated with producing such low-frequency sounds with current commodity hardware. We show that our defensive approach can not only resist our above attack but is also robust to more sophisticated, noise filtering and source separation methods when applicable. We also establish that the insertion of low-frequency sounds does not affect the receiving device's capability to sense the vibrations generated by the sending device. The suggested defense may therefore be used to enhance the security of noisy vibrational pairing without affecting its performance on a wide variety of devices.
Spain: Political Economy Explanations for Decentralized Reforms

This qualitative case study on Spain compares the Iberian countries, which historically have had similar economic and political experiences in governance and in joining the European Union in 1986. After decades of authoritarian rule, Spain established a Constitutional Monarchy in 1978. The governmental structure of Spain is distinct from the unitary government of Portugal; it is a quasi-federal system that works collaboratively with the 17 autonomous communities that have had a substantive influence on the EHEA policy reforms. The structure of the higher education system is another distinction between the Iberian countries. Portugal has a binary system, where polytechnic and university institutions are administered under separate systems, and Spain has a unitary system of institutional governance. Spain’s participation in the EHEA is explained as a Europeanization policy process, wherein the supranational objectives for higher education policy influence the national objectives.
Structures of a Complex Hydrazinium Lead Iodide, (N2H5)15Pb3I21, Possessing [Pb2I9]5−, [PbI6]4−, and I− Ions and α- and β-(N2H5)PbI3

Photovoltaic perovskites, most notably methylammonium lead triiodide, (NH3Me)PbI3, have recently attracted considerable attention, and based upon the modified “Goldschmidt” as well as a “revised” tolerance factors, hydrazinium should be able to occupy the same cation site as methylammonium, and form a cubic unit cell. The reaction of N2H5+I− with PbI2 in dimethylformamide results in three types of yellow crystals; hexagonal, needle-like, and rod-like, the structures of which were determined at 100 K. The hexagonal (P63/m: a=10.8906(10) A; b=37.845(5) A) crystals possess isolated face-sharing octahedral [Pb2I9]5−, [PbI6]4−, and I− ions. IR spectroscopy indicates the presence of hydrogen-bonded N2H5+ and the composition was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, density measurements, combustion elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis to be (N2H5)15Pb3I21, which is photoluminescent at 50 K, but not at room temperature. The needle and rod crystals have an orthorhombic (Pnma: a=11.1385(7) A; b=4.4806(3) A; c=17.6241(11) A) and hexagonal (P63/mmc: a=8.7386(9) A; b=8.2006(9) A) unit cells, respectively, possessing the perovskite ABX3 composition of (N2H5)PbI3, but neither exhibits the cubic Perovskite structure type. The structures of α- and β-(N2H5)PbI3 possess parallel ribbons of Pb2I4 and chains of PbI2, respectively. Strong inter-hydrazinium hydrogen bonding due to it possessing both hydrogen bonding donor and acceptor sites (unlike NH3Me+) appear to stabilize the observed extended ribbon motif for (N2H5)15Pb3I21 and α-(N2H5)PbI3. (N2H5)15Pb3I21 has a band-gap-like absorption of 2.34 eV, and both α- and β-(N2H5)PbI3 have a 2.70 eV band-gap-like absorptions.
Throughput and power management of access link DF type I relay nodes for LTE-A networks and beyond

The decode-and-forward (DF) relay based cellular network is considered an efficient technique for solving the coverage and improving system capacity of the current fourth-generation (4G) and the emerging fifth-generation (5G) mobile telecommunication technologies. In this analysis, we control the codeword's transmission parameters by achieving a good trade-off between setting more resources with changing the modulation order, hence reducing the relay's access link transmitted power. We first address the calculations of codeword's size in 3GPP specification, where an unhealthy component carrier selection mechanism is introduced for defining relay's transmission spectrum. Then, we present a novel 3GPP-compliant binary integer optimization model subject to several practical constraints, such as the requisite resources and throughput. Through system level simulations, the proposed approach is compared with the conventional relaying systems. It is shown that our approach has made several improvements to the conventional schemes.
Next-Generation Sequencing Assay Raises New Questions in a Case of Metastatic Prostate Cancer.

A 72-year-old man with a history of prostate cancer presented with metastases to the lung, liver, and bone. He had been initially diagnosed with prostate cancer 22 years prior and had been treated with radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation, and androgen deprivation therapy. The liver mass was sampled by fine-needle aspiration and submitted for genetic evaluation using the UCSF500 cancer gene panel (Version 2) that evaluates 484 genes for mutations. UCSF500 analysis involves sequencing of the patient's tumor and sequencing of a peripheral blood sample to evaluate germline variants. Deleterious somatic alterations commonly associated with advanced prostate cancer were identified in the patient's tumor sample (1–3). These included a TMPRSS2/ERG 3 fusion, homozygous deletions of PTEN and MAP3K1 , an APC frameshift mutation, and an SPTA1 nonsense mutation (Table 1). Four additional single-nucleotide variants of uncertain significance (VUS)4 were identified (Table 1), and multiple regions of copy number gain and loss were seen across the genome. View this table: Table 1. Summary of gene variants identified, their classification on the patient report in this case, and bioinformatics parameters. Sequencing also identified a 3-nucleotide germline heterozygous fumarate hydratase ( FH ) gene alteration, NM\_00143(FH):c.1431\_1433dup, which is predicted to result in a lysine duplication, p.Lys477dup. The allele frequencies for this variant in the peripheral blood and tumor samples …
Farewell to Naples: Ferrante’s Story of a New Name:

In Ferrante’s Story of a New Name, the protagonist’s journey to self-knowledge and self-realization is mapped through a farewell trip to Naples before she begins her studies in Pisa. As the centerp...
Synthesis and applications of highly functionalized 1-halo-3-substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes

Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are important bioisosteres of 1,4-disubstituted arenes, tert-butyl and acetylenic groups that can impart physicochemical benefits on drug candidates. Here we describe the synthesis of BCPs bearing carbon and halogen substituents under exceptionally mild reaction conditions, via triethylborane-initiated atom-transfer radical addition ring-opening of tricyclo[1.1.1.01,3]pentane (TCP) with alkyl halides. This chemistry displays broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance, enabling application to BCP analogues of biologically-relevant targets such as peptides, nucleosides, and pharmaceuticals. The BCP halide products can be converted to the parent phenyl/tert-butyl surrogates through triethylborane-promoted dehalogenation, or to other derivatives including carbonyls, alcohols, and heterocycles.
Restarting antiplatelet therapy after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: Functional outcomes.

Objective To compare the functional outcomes and health-related quality of life metrics of restarting vs not restarting antiplatelet therapy (APT) in patients presenting with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the ERICH (Ethnic/Racial Variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage) study. Methods Adult patients aged 18 years and older who were on APT before ICH and were alive at hospital discharge were included. Patients were dichotomized based on whether or not APT was restarted after hospital discharge. The primary outcome was a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2 at 90 days. Secondary outcomes were excellent outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0–1), mortality, Barthel Index, and health status (EuroQol–5 dimensions [EQ-5D] and EQ-5D visual analog scale scores) at 90 days. Results The APT and no APT cohorts comprised 127 and 732 patients, respectively. Restarting APT was associated with lower rates of good functional outcome (36.5% vs 40.8%; p = 0.021) and lower Barthel Index scores at 90 days ( p = 0.041). The 2 cohorts were then matched in a 1:1 ratio, and the matched cohorts each comprised 107 patients. No difference in primary outcome was observed between restarting vs not restarting APT (35.5% vs 43.9%; p = 0.105). There were also no differences between the secondary outcomes of the 2 cohorts. Conclusion Restarting APT in patients with ICH of mild to moderate severity after acute hospitalization is not associated with worse functional outcomes or health-related quality of life at 90 days. In patients with significant cardiovascular risk factors who experience an ICH, restarting APT remains the decision of the treating practitioner.
Reflexes, reactions, and usability: examining how prototypes of place can enhance UXD practices

User expectations are often connected to context. This means the better UXD professionals understand connections between location and usability, the greater the chances they can create materials that meet expectations of usability in a particular place. The cognitive factors of prototypes and scripts can provide a foundation for investigating such factors. This entry examines how prototypes of place can help identify aspects of location that influence the usability of items in a space. In so doing, the entry also provides strategies for researching expectations of contexts and usability and using resulting data to guide design practices.
Synthesis and properties of heparin derivatives.

The most pronounced actions of heparin are its anticoagulant effect and its promotion of the clearance of chylomicrons and various lipoproteins from the bloodstream. In both activities, heparin is far more efficient than any available synthetic materials. Two restricting factors in its use are that it has to be administered intravenously and that its effect is comparatively short-lived (5, 10–12). The aims of current studies on chemical modification of heparin therefore include the synthesis of products that would be cleared more slowly from the circulation and the preparation of materials that might be absorbed from the intestine. Another aim is to make it possible to use heparin that is modified at specific sites for investigating the mechanism of its action. It would be of interest to obtain derivatives with only one of the biologic activities - lipid clearance or anticoagulation. The other purpose in studying heparin modification is to elucidate the mechanism of its actions. This is complicated by the lack of definition of the processes involved in the release and activation of lipoprotein lipase and in the individual steps of the blood coagulation sequence. However, some aspects of the mechanisms are amenable to study with heparin derivatives.
Handling flash crowds from your garage

The garage innovator creates new web applications which may rocket to popular success - or sink when the flash crowd that arrives melts the web server. In the web context, utility computing provides a path by which the innovator can, with minimal capital, prepare for overwhelming popularity. Many components required for web computing have recently become available as utilities. We analyze the design space of building a load-balanced system in the context of garage innovation. We present six experiments that inform this analysis by highlighting limitations of each approach. We report our experience with three services we deployed in "garage" style, and with the flash crowds that each drew.
Low survival rate of young adult-born olfactory sensory neurons in the undamaged mouse olfactory epithelium.

Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are generated throughout life from progenitor cells in the olfactory epithelium. OSN axons project in an odorant receptor-specific manner to the olfactory bulb (OB), forming an ordered array of glomeruli where they provide sensory input to OB neurons. The tetracycline transactivator (tTA) system permits developmental stage-specific expression of reporter genes in OSNs and has been widely used for structural and functional studies of the development and plasticity of the mouse olfactory system. However, the cellular ages at which OSNs stop expressing reporters driven by the immature OSN-specific Gγ8-tTA driver line and begin to express reporters driven by the mature OSN-specific OMP-tTA driver line have not been directly determined. We pulse-labeled terminally dividing cells in the olfactory epithelium of 28-day-old (P28) mice with EdU and analyzed EdU labeling in OSNs expressing fluorescent reporter proteins under control of either the Gγ8-tTA or OMP-tTA driver line 5–14 days later. Expression of OMP-tTA-driven reporters began in 6-day-old OSNs, while the vast majority of newborn OSNs did not express Gγ8-tTA-driven fluorescent proteins beyond 8 days of cellular age. Surprisingly, we also found a low survival rate for P28-born OSNs, very few of which survived for more than 14 days. We propose that OSN survival requires the formation of stable synaptic connections and hence may be dependent on organismal age.
The complete maternal mitochondrial genome sequences of two imperiled North American freshwater mussels: Alasmidonta heterodon and Alasmidonta varicosa (Bivalvia: Unionoida: Unionidae).

The freshwater mussels Alasmidonta heterodon and A. varicosa historically inhabited rivers along the North American Atlantic coast from the Carolinas, U.S.A., to New Brunswick, CA. However, many po...
Chronic Exposure to E-Cig Aerosols During Early Development Causes Vascular Dysfunction and Offspring Growth Deficits

Increasing popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs), including among women of reproductive age, is attributed to its perceived safety compared to conventional tobacco. However, there is a major knowledge gap surrounding the effects of e-cig aerosols on pregnancy and fetal development. We aimed to evaluate the effects of vaping e-cigs during gestation on offspring growth and to asses if growth deficits are accompanied by altered maternal and fetal vascular hemodynamics. Sprague–Dawley dams were assigned to Pair-Fed Control, Pair-Fed Juice, or Juice+Nicotine groups, and then underwent either a prenatal or prenatal+postnatal exposure paradigm in a custom-engineered vaping system. Mass spectrometry identified major aerosolized constituents from e-cig vaping. The Juice+Nicotine group exhibited significantly decreased fetal weight and crown-rump length (↓46.56%, and ↓23.83%, respectively). Pre- and postnatal exposure to Juice+Nicotine resulted in decreased pup weight at postnatal day (PND) 4–10. Crown-rump length was decreased by 24.71% on PND 10. Blood flow in the Juice+Nicotine group was decreased in the maternal uterine and fetal umbilical circuits by 49.50% and 65.33%, respectively. We conclude that chronic exposure to e-cig aerosols containing nicotine during early development can have deleterious health effects on the exposed offspring. Vaping e-cigs containing nicotine during pregnancy lead to a reduction in offspring weight and crown-rump length, associated with a marked decrease in blood flow in both the maternal uterine and fetal umbilical circulation (a strong indicator of growth restriction). Thus, chronic exposure to e-cig aerosols containing nicotine can lead to potentially harmful developmental effects in early life.
A novel measure of glucose homeostasis (or loss thereof) comprising the joint dynamics of glucose, insulin, glucagon, and cortisol.

Quantification of disturbances in glucose-insulin homeostasis has been the cornerstone of appraising insulin resistance and detecting early-stage diabetes. Metabolic homeostasis arises from feedbac...
Collective dose commitments due to reported radioactive releases from nuclear power plant sites in 1976

In a continuation of last year's study, collective radiation dose commitments were estimated for all operating water-cooled nuclear power plant sites, utilizing atmospheric and liquid radioactivity releases reported to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for 1976. Results are presented of collective dose commitments from these release pathways to four population groups: infant, child, teenager, and adult residing between 2 and 80 km from each site. Typical individual doses were estimated for each site and for all the sites together. The sites were rated as to their power output per unit population dose and per unit average individual dose. Results for 1976 operating reactors indicate a reduction of overall collective dose from those operating in 1975 even though more electrical energy was generated in 1976.
Right Ventricular Involution: Big Changes in Small Hearts.

Abstract Background Before birth, the fetal right ventricle (RV) is the pump for the systemic circulation and is about as thick as the left ventricle (LV). After birth, the RV becomes the pump for the lower pressure pulmonary circulation, and the RV chamber elongates without change in its wall thickness. We hypothesize that the fetal RV may be a model of compensated RV hypertrophy, and understanding this process may aid in discovering therapeutic strategies for RV failure. Methods We performed a literature review and identified pertinent articles from 1980 to present. Results The following topics were identified to be most pertinent in right ventricular involution: morphologic and histologic changes of the RV, cellular proliferation and terminal differentiation, the effect of stress on RV development, excitation contraction coupling and inotropic response change over time, and the amount of apoptosis through RV development. Conclusions The RV changes on multiple levels after its transition from systemic to pulmonary circulation. Although published literature has variable results due partly from differences between animal models, the literature shows a clear need for more research in the field.
Estimating plasma glucose with the FreeStyle Libre Pro continuous glucose monitor during oral glucose tolerance tests in youth without diabetes.

Few studies have assessed the accuracy of the FreeStyle Libre Pro (FLP) continuous glucose monitor for estimating plasma glucose (PG) in non-diabetic children. OBJECTIVE Determine the accuracy of FLP compared to PG during OGTT in healthy children. SUBJECTS Children (7-11.99 years) with healthy weight and overweight/obesity (n = 33; 52% male). METHODS Participants wore the FLP before and during a 2-hour OGTT; PG was measured at 30 minutes intervals. Potential systematic- and magnitude-related biases for FLP vs PG were examined. RESULTS FLP 15-minute averages and PG were correlated at most timepoints during OGTT (r2 = 0.35-0.69, P's < .001 for time point 30-120 minutes) and for PG area under the curve (AUC) (r2 = 0.65, P < .0001). There were no systematic biases as assessed by Bland-Altman analyses for FLP AUC or for FLP at each OGTT timepoint. However, for fasting glucose, a significant magnitude bias was noted (r2 = 0.38, P < .001), such that lower PG was underestimated, and higher PG was overestimated by FLP readings; further, there was poor correlation between fasting PG and FLP (r2 = 0.06, P = .22). BMIz was also associated with FLP accuracy: FLP overestimated PG in children with low BMIz and underestimated PG in those with overweight/obesity for OGTT AUC and OGTT PG at baseline, 60, and 120 minutes (all P's ≤ .015). No adverse events occurred with FLP. CONCLUSIONS Among children without diabetes, the FLP was well tolerated and correlated with post-OGTT glucose, but had magnitude bias affecting fasting glucose and appeared to underestimate plasma glucose in those with overweight/obesity. These results suggest potential limitations for the utility of the FLP for research.
Overview of spatial and timing resolution of event counting detectors with Microchannel Plates

Abstract Event counting detectors with Microchannel Plates (MCPs) rely on conversion of incoming particles (photons, electrons, neutrons, atoms, ions) into an output charge of 103–107 electrons. This signal multiplication enables operation of those detectors at virtually zero readout noise and at very low input fluxes. The encoding of event position and timing can be performed by various types of readout configurations, which need to be selected for a particular experiment. Substantial developments in microelectronics have extended the capabilities of MCP counting detectors to GHz rates, increased their formats to 20 cm and allowed detection of multiple simultaneous events with spatial and timing resolution as good as ∼ 10 μ m and ∼ 10–20 ps, respectively. Unfortunately not all these characteristics are available in a single device. A brief overview of performance characteristics of event counting MCP detectors with different readouts is presented in this paper, providing the guidance for the selection of a particular detector configuration for a given set of experimental requirements.
Photon-in Photon-out Spectroscopy

A large fraction of the spectroscopy done at synchrotron radiation labs falls under the unwieldy title of “photon-in photon-out” (PIPO) spectroscopy. Although fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption and NRVS are both technically “photon-in photon-out” measurements, for the most part, we reserve the term for those cases where the information content is in the details of the “photon-out” part of the experiment. In this chapter we will consider:
1007 – HEMATOPOIETIC STEM AND PROGENITOR CELL AGING AND DEVELOPMENT OF CLONAL HEMATOPOIESIS

HSCs are responsible for lifelong maintenance and regeneration of the hematopoietic system. With aging, loss of HSC function is a major contributor to decline in overall hematopoietic function, leading to increased risk of infection, poor vaccination response, altered selection pressure favoring clonal hematopoiesis, and increased susceptibility to hematologic malignancies. Despite previous characterization of the cellular and molecular hallmarks of HSC and hematopoietic system aging, we lack mechanistic understanding of the nature and timing of the initiating events that cause HSC aging. This remains a significant barrier to extending healthy hematopoietic and immune system function into older age. I will present work from my laboratory that reveals hallmarks of HSC aging and myeloid-biased hematopoiesis are observed by middle age, and that the bone marrow microenvironment at middle age is indispensable for and induces hematopoietic aging phenotypes. Further, we identify an important role for declining levels of microenvironment-produced insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) at middle age in this process. This suggests that manipulating the microenvironment at middle age offers a unique window of opportunity for extension of hematopoietic healthspan. Lastly, I will discuss aging microenvironment-driven mechanisms that favor expansion of HSCs carrying clonal hematopoiesis-associated mutations in the DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a gene and translational implications of this work.
A Case of Unremitting Cellulitis in a Lung Transplant Recipient: What is the Infectious Etiology?

Introduction Mycobacterium chelonae is a rare, non-tuberculous mycobacterium that is highly pathogenic in immunosuppressed patients. Herein, we describe a chronic presentation of cellulitis which was later biopsy-proven as M. chelonae in a lung transplant recipient. Case Report A 61-year-old female bilateral lung transplant recipient presented 15-months post-transplant with multiple erythematous cutaneous lesions of the right arm. She had a 3-month history of waxing and waning cutaneous lesions that had not fully cleared despite antibiotic therapy. The first transplant year was eventful with two episodes of acute cellular rejection necessitating high-dose corticotherapy. Dermatological biopsy performed in a prior visit demonstrated features consistent with dermatitis. Autoimmune etiologies were ruled out, and the patient reported no history of trauma or other nidus of entry for infection. At the time of the current presentation, we observed nodular changes to the cutaneous lesions, which necessitated repeat biopsy, revealing granulomatous infiltrate (Figure 1). Acid-fast staining was positive, and M. chelonae was properly identified. Given her immunosuppressed state, the patient was started on multidrug antibiotic therapy, guided by antibiogram. Skin showed some improvement on observation, however, one large, nodular cutaneous lesion persisted. Decision was made to perform excision in effort to reduce bacterial growth burden. Subsequent biopsy findings were negative, likely a result of immunological phenomenon. She ultimately finished multidrug treatment with complete resolution of skin nodules. Summary This case underlines the role of corticotherapy and immunosuppression as a major risk factor for atypical infections, such as M. chelonae, in lung transplant recipients. Eradication can be difficult as demonstrated, and thus early recognition and multidrug antibiotic therapy are the cornerstone for management in this population.
Implementation Science to Improve Quality of Neurological Care.

Abstract Neurological disorders are the leading cause of disability and the second leading cause of death globally. To challenge this enormous disease burden, scientists are pursuing innovative solutions to maintain and improve the quality of neurological care. Despite the availability of many effective evidence-based practices, many patients with neurological disorders cannot access these (or receive them inefficiently after a long delay) and may be exposed to unnecessary, expensive, and potentially harmful treatments. To promote the systematic uptake of evidence-based practices into the real world, a new scientific study of methods has been developed: implementation science. In implementation science research, transdisciplinary research teams systematically (using theory, model, and framework) assess local barriers to facilitate the adoption of evidence-based practices and examine potential solutions using implementation strategies (interventions that help adoption of intended practices) targeting multiple levels in the health care system, including patient, provider, clinic, facility, organization, or broader community and policy environment. The success of these strategies (implementation outcomes) is measured by the extent and quality of the implementation. Implementation studies can be either observational or interventional but are distinct from traditional efficacy or effectiveness studies. Traditional neuroscience research and clinical trials, conducted in controlled settings, focus on discovering new insights with little consideration of translating those insights into the everyday practice of a resource-constrained and dynamic health care system. Thus, neurologists should become familiar with implementation science to reduce the knowledge-practice gap, maximize health care value, and improve management of brain disorders affecting public health.