cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trauma in Specialized Treatment Diversion – Problem-Solving Court Contexts (PSCs)

This chapter will provide an overview of problem-solving courts (PSCs), including their history, evolution, and basic outcome data. The outcome data presented in the chapter is by no means exhaustive but provides a brief cross section of relevant findings. We have chosen to focus on the largest PSCs, mental health treatment court (MHC), drug treatment court (DTC), and the rapidly proliferating veterans treatment court (VTC) because they are the most studied and consist of populations with trauma histories and related trauma correlates, such as serious mental illness. This chapter will discuss the common comorbidity and differential diagnostic challenges encountered in treatment diversion contexts and how these are impacted by trauma sequelae. This includes common challenges in assessing and managing clients in treatment court contexts. Finally, we will provide suggestions for best practices to improve assessment and management in treatment diversion contexts and to help reduce the potential for re-traumatization of clients.
Practical Challenges of Mask-to-Mask Encounters with Patients with Head and Neck Cancers amid the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has forced a re-design of care in radiation oncology. Perhaps more than any other disease site we commonly see, the evaluation and treatment of head and neck cancer has posed the greatest risk of COVID-19 transmission between patients and radiotherapy providers. In our early experience with the novel coronavirus, several staff members were exposed to a COVID-positive patient and this caused us to devise policies and procedures to mitigate further risk in a way that could practically be employed across a large health system while not compromising care delivery. Here, we formulate a concise summary of simple steps, including a novel thermoplastic mask fitting technique and procedures for intraoral immobilization devices, to guide practices and provide new layers of protection for both patients and staff.
Global Sensitivity: Theorizing Communication Networks in the Digital Age

What does it mean to say that 'the world is getting smaller' or that we now inhabit a 'global village'? These are familiar tropes, and yet we lack the conceptual footing we need in order to understand exactly how nonlocal events, objects and people become matters of concern across global distances.
Coiled-coil registry shifts in the F684I mutant of Bicaudal result in cargo-independent dynein recruitment

ABSTRACT Dynein adaptors such as Drosophila Bicaudal (Dm BicD) recognize cargo and are required to activate dynein for processive transport. In the absence of cargo, auto-inhibited BicD cannot recruit dynein, but the underlying mechanism of cargo-induced activation is elusive. We show with single molecule processivity assays that auto-inhibition is abolished in the full-length Bicaudal mutant F684I, which activates dynein motility even in the absence of cargo. To investigate the structural basis for activation, we determined the X-ray structure of the C-terminal cargo-binding domain (CTD) of Dm BicD-CTD/F684I. The mutant has a homotypic coiled-coil registry, in which the two helices of the homo-dimer are aligned at equal height. An N-terminal ∼20 residue region is disordered for one of the two chains, and therefore the coiled-coil registry in that region cannot be assigned. The F684I mutation thus results in the formation of multiple conformations and induces flexibility. In contrast, the wild type structure has an asymmetric coiled-coil registry, in which the two chains are vertically shifted by ∼ one helical turn in a portion of the coiled-coil. We propose that a coiled-coil registry shift upon cargo binding activates BicD for dynein recruitment. Interestingly, the human homolog of the Bicaudal mutant, BicD2-CTD/F743I, shows diminished binding of the cargo Nup358 compared with the wild type, while binding of the cargo Rab6GTP is unaffected. Therefore, we propose that a coiled-coil registry shift also modulates cargo selection for BicD2–dependent transport pathways in mammaliae, which are important for brain development, faithful chromosome segregation and signaling.
Endoscopic Endonasal versus Transcranial Optic Canal Decompression: A Morphometric, Cadaveric Study

Introduction Decompression of the optic nerve within the optic canal is indicated for compressive visual decline. The two most common approaches utilized for optic canal decompression are a medial approach with an endoscopic endonasal approach and a lateral approach with a craniotomy. Our study is a cadaveric anatomical study comparing the length and circumference of the orbit decompressed via an endoscopic endonasal approach versus a frontotemporal craniotomy. Methods Five cadaveric specimens were utilized. Predissection computed tomography (CT) scans were performed on each specimen. On each specimen, a standard frontotemporal craniotomy with anterior clinoidectomy and superolateral orbital decompression was performed on one side and an endoscopic endonasal approach with medial wall decompression was performed on the contralateral side. Post-dissection CT scans were performed. An independent radiologist provided measurements of the length (mm) and circumference (degrees) of optic canal decompression bilaterally. Results The mean length of optic canal decompression for open and endoscopic approach was 13 mm (range 12–15 mm) and 12.4 mm (range 10–16 mm), respectively. The mean circumference of decompression for open and endoscopic approaches was 252.8 degrees (range 205–280 degrees) and 124.6 degrees (range 100–163 degrees), respectively. Conclusion The endoscopic endonasal and the transcranial approaches provide a similar length of optic canal decompression, but the transcranial approach leads to greater circumferential decompression. The endoscopic endonasal approach has the benefit of being minimally invasive, though. Ultimately, the surgical approach decision should be based on the location of the pathology and the surgeon's comfort.
Trastuzumab tolerability in the treatment of advanced (stage III-IV) or recurrent uterine serous carcinomas that overexpress HER2/neu.

Abstract Objective Due to previously reported trastuzumab safety concerns and the scant data available in endometrial cancer patients, we sought to assess the safety, tolerability and toxicity profile of trastuzumab in patients with advanced/recurrent uterine serous carcinoma (USC) that overexpress HER2/neu in our multicenter randomized phase II trial. Methods Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive carboplatin/paclitaxel (C/P) for 6 cycles ± trastuzumab (T) with the experimental arm continuing to receive single agent trastuzumab maintenance treatment until disease progression/toxicity. Progression-free-survival was the primary endpoint; overall-survival and toxicity were secondary endpoints. Adverse events (AEs) were compared between treatment arms. Results There were 28 patients in the C/P arm and 32 patients in the experimental (C/P + T) arm. Fifty-eight patients (97%) experienced 977 treatment-related AEs of which 875 (89.6%) were low-grade (grade 1–2) and 102 (10.4%) were high-grade (grade 3–5). The mean ± standard deviation of AEs per patient was 15.5 ± 16.3 in the C/P arm and 17.0 ± 16.0 in the C/P + T arm. Gastrointestinal AEs were the most common in both arms (n = 155, 15.7%) of which 94.2% were low-grade (n = 146). Importantly, no significant difference between treatment arms was detected in any system-organ class of AE including cardiac AE. Five (17%) of 29 patients who received prolonged trastuzumab maintenance therapy had no sign of cumulative toxicity after an average (range) of 5.1 (4.2–6.3) years. Conclusions Trastuzumab appears to be safe and has a manageable toxicity profile both when used in combination with chemotherapy and when used for single agent maintenance in patients with HER2/neu positive USC. This safety profile is reassuring given the proven efficacy of trastuzumab in advanced/recurrent HER2/neu positive USC.
The Invention of the Right to 'Peaceable Carry' in Modern Second Amendment Scholarship

The claim that the Second Amendment was enshrined to protect the peaceable carrying of weapons in public places is relatively new. It was invented in the mid-1970s, largely at the behest of the National Rifle Association (NRA) and other gun rights advocates, as part of a wider, organized campaign to advance a broad, individual rights interpretation of the Second Amendment. However, after the Supreme Court decided District of Columbia v. Heller, and historians began examining the history of weapons laws in detail, the ‘peaceable carry’ interpretation of the Second Amendment was discredited as being based on really nothing more than legal conjecture, historical hyperbole, and even a few myths. Yet recently, many of the same writers responsible for the now discredited ‘peaceable carry’ narrative are once again trying to reassert it as true. As this article will outline, this resurgence of the ‘peaceable carry’ Second Amendment is based on a similar combination of ideologically inflected legal conjecture, historical distortion, and myth. The writers leading this resurgence are particularly tilting at windmills with the allegation that professional historians are attempting to rewrite the historical record to “negate” or “cancel” the Second Amendment right to “bear arms.” One writer has gone so far to label the research and writings of historians an “Illuminati-like conspiracy…to turn the right to bear arms into the crime of bearing arms.” Such allegations appear to be nothing more than an attempt to muddle any history that the ‘peaceable carry’ writers do not favor—history that has consistently shown itself to be reliable and is based on copious amounts of historical evidence. This article is broken into three parts. Part I explores the story behind the organized campaign to advance a broad, individual rights interpretation of the Second Amendment. Part II examines the precipitous rise and equally dramatic collapse of the ‘peaceable carry’ Second Amendment. Lastly, Part III examines why the recent resurgence of the ‘peaceable carry’ Second Amendment is merely the latest example of gun rights advocates advancing a distorted narrative to further a political agenda.
Production of Hydrogen Cyanide by Pseudomonas flurescens

Two Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates were found to produce hydrogen cyanide when cultured on either Trypticase soy agar supplemented with 0.5% yeast extract or on irradiation-sterilized chicken.
Minimum vehicle routing with a common deadline

In this paper, we study the following vehicle routing problem: given n vertices in a metric space, a specified root vertex r (the depot), and a length bound D, find a minimum cardinality set of r-paths that covers all vertices, such that each path has length at most D. This problem is $\mathcal{NP}$-complete, even when the underlying metric is induced by a weighted star. We present a 4-approximation for this problem on tree metrics. On general metrics, we obtain an O(logD) approximation algorithm, and also an $(O(\log \frac{1}{\epsilon}),1+\epsilon)$ bicriteria approximation. All these algorithms have running times that are almost linear in the input size. On instances that have an optimal solution with one r-path, we show how to obtain in polynomial time, a solution using at most 14 r-paths. We also consider a linear relaxation for this problem that can be solved approximately using techniques of Carr & Vempala [7]. We obtain upper bounds on the integrality gap of this relaxation both in tree metrics and in general.
Symbolic String Verification: Combining String Analysis and Size Analysis

We present an automata-based approach for symbolic verification of systems with unbounded string and integer variables. Particularly, we are interested in automatically discovering the relationships among the string and integer variables. The lengths of the strings in a regular language form a semilinear set. We present a novel construction for length automata that accept the unary or binary representations of the lengths of the strings in a regular language. These length automata can be integrated with an arithmetic automaton that recognizes the valuations of the integer variables at a program point. We propose a static analysis technique that uses these automata in a forward fixpoint computation with widening and is able to catch relationships among the lengths of the string variables and the values of the integer variables. This composite string and integer analysis enables us to verify properties that cannot be verified using string analysis or size analysis alone.
Current birth trends in the United States.

M A N Y o F the readers of this journal are aware that the number of births in the United States is declining and has been declining for 5 consecutive years. The implications of this trend are of immediate interest to gynecologists and obstetricians and others whose services are intimately related to the birth process; more generally, however, these trends concern anyone whose activities, be they personal and medical services or the production of commodities, are related to the size of the population. This is because the 3.6 million births of 1967 will represent 3.6 million first-graders in 1973, even as the 3.8 million 20-yearolds, born on the crest of the baby-boom in 1947, are today forming new households, creating demands for garden-type apartments, personal-type sports cars, and jobs. This article describes briefly the current trend in births and makes some rather general predictions about future trends, based on what we know about the social and demographic factors associated with fertility.
The synthetic heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor EC141 induces degradation of Bcr-Abl p190 protein and apoptosis of Ph-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells

The prognosis of patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is poor. Chemotherapy is rarely curative and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) induce only transient responses. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a chaperone protein that is important in signal transduction, cell cycle control, and transcription regulation in both normal and leukemia cells. In the current study, we tested the growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects of a novel Hsp90 inhibitor, EC141 on the Ph+ ALL lines Z-119, Z-181, and Z-33, as well as primary bone marrow-derived blasts from patients with newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL. We found that EC141 inhibited the growth of Ph+ ALL cells in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 ranged from 1 to 10 nM. EC141 also inhibited the proliferation of primary bone marrow-derived blasts using the ALL blast colony assay. EC141 down-regulated Hsp90 and up-regulated Hsp70 protein levels, inhibited CrkL phosphorylation, and induced degradation of Bcr-Abl p190 protein through ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal pathway. Furthermore, exposure of Ph+ ALL cells to EC141 resulted in activation of caspase-3, cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and induction of apoptosis. In conclusion, our data suggest that EC141 is a potent Hsp90 inhibitor with activity against Ph+ ALL. Further studies to investigate the anticancer effect of EC141 either as a single agent, or in combination in Ph+ ALL and other hematological malignancies are warranted.
Understanding environmentally significant behavior among whitewater rafting and trekking guides in the Garhwal Himalaya, India.

Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India, is planning for large-scale sustainable mountain tourism. However, current tourism practices have resulted in waste accumulation and vegetation loss. This paper explores the possibility of increasing the role of whitewater rafting and adventure tour guides to reduce tourists’ environmental impacts. Earlier studies on guides acquiescent with this role have found it to be effective in altering client behavior and minimizing environmentally destructive behavior. However, only limited research focuses on guides from developing countries outside an ecotourism context. This exploratory research in Garhwal, India, helps explain adventure guide intentions to perform pro-environmental behavior. The theory of planned behavior was applied to identify factors leading to a sample of 68 whitewater and trekking guides to perform three environmentally significant behaviors – packing out rubbish, burying their human waste and cutting living trees for firewood. Results suggest that the theoreti...
Bioentrepreneurship education programmes in the United States

In this first paper of a new regular column, Arlen Meyers and Patrick Hurley review the different bioentrepreneurship education programmes available in the United States and suggest some of their critical success factors.
Apoptosis of Insulin-Secreting Cells Induced by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Is Amplified by Overexpression of Group VIA Calcium-Independent Phospholipase A2 (iPLA2β) and Suppressed by Inhibition of iPLA2β†

The death of insulin-secreting β-cells that causes type I diabetes mellitus (DM) occurs in part by apoptosis, and apoptosis also contributes to progressive β-cell dysfunction in type II DM. Recent ...
New multilevel DCT, feature vectors, and universal blind steganalysis

Universal blind steganalysis can detect hidden messages without using prior information about the steganographic system. Recently, Farid developed a wavelet coefficient, higher-order statistics based, universal blind steganalysis method. This approach is a global method which demonstrated a high-quality in performance standards. Fridrich and Goljan also presented a DCT based local targeted steganalysis method to break the F5 algorithm. However, both Farid’s and Fridrich and Goljan’s methods have some limitations. This paper presents a local universal steganalysis technique combining the advantages of both methods. The basic components of the presented method are: novel DCT multilevel decomposition with wavelet structure; a new set of feature vectors; and a modified kernel function in the Kernel Fisher Discriminant. Experimental results show the presented method offers better performance than commonly used schemes. Inherently, the presented method has the ability to localize the hidden information, it can capture stego information in small blocks, and it is functional using only a small training set.
Courses in Foreign Literature in Translation

(Author's summary.-The cultural aims of modern language courses should include the development of the mental attitudes which characterize a cultivated person. Since the study of literature provides the best means for promoting this development, modern language teachers should make an effort to reach a larger group of students by offering courses in the foreign literature in English translation.)
A Note on Nominalistic Syntax

In this note two independent comments are offered concerning nominalistic syntax.If one has a nominalistic theory of natural numbers (or positive integers) at one's disposal, one can of course readily formulate a nominalistic syntax by the familiar method of arithmetization. A nominalistic theory of natural numbers is formulated in a previous paper by the author, and thus a basis for a nominalistic syntax is already provided. (The objection that this theory is infinitistic would appear without force, because it provides the only known nominalistic basis for the theory of general recursive functions. On a finitistic basis one merely throws out this vital domain of mathematical theory.)The second comment is concerned with nominalistic syntax as formulated by Goodman and Quine. The nominalistic construction of natural numbers alluded to above owes much of its power to a primitive device of ancestral quantification. This device is somewhat more powerful than the notions Goodman and Quine allow themselves. Now nominalistic syntax in their somewhat narrower sense can be formulated by utilizing a relation akin to the relation L of the theory of ordered individuals developed elsewhere by the author. ‘L’ here is to designate the relation between inscriptions of being wholly to the left of.The Goodman-Quine primitive ‘C’, designating a relation of concatenation, and their primitive ‘Part’ with its field confined to inscriptions, can be defined in terms of ‘L’. Thus:.(This definition is essentially that of ‘P’ in O.I.)
Should children decide whether they are enrolled in nonbeneficial research

The U.S. federal regulations require investigators conducting nonbeneficial research to obtain the assent of children who are capable of providing it. Unfortunately, there has been no analysis of which children are capable of assent or even what abilities ground the capacity to give assent. Why should investigators be required to obtain the positive agreement of some children, but not others, before enrolling them in research that does not offer a compensating potential for direct benefit? We argue that the scope of children's research decision making should be based on the principles of respect for autonomy and nonmaleficence. These principles imply that the threshold for assent should be fixed at 14 years of age, and a dissent requirement should be adopted for all children in the context of nonbeneficial research.
Use of oculopneumoplethysmography (OPG-Gee) following carotid endarterectomy.

Abstract Oculopneumoplethysmography (OPG-Gee) was performed pre- and postoperatively in 100 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy and 14 patients undergoing nonendarterectomy procedures (aortofemoral or carotid-subclavian bypass). Absolute differences in ocular systolic pressure (OSP) were determined and results were compared with previous criteria. Twelve examinations yielded abnormal findings in the endarterectomy group. Seven patients had associated neurologic deficits and six had occlusion confirmed at reexploration. Five patients were without symptoms; two with profound depressions in OSP were reexplored and thrombosis confirmed whereas three with moderate (15 to 30 mm Hg) depressions in OSP were followed up and remained asymptomatic. Values of OSP were related to the status of the contralateral carotid artery. In the nonendarterectomized patients OSP did not change with general anesthesia or carotid clamping. OPG-Gee is a useful test to screen for postoperative carotid thrombosis. It helps select symptomatic patients with occlusions who might benefit from early reexploration. In asymptomatic patients a profound drop in OSP identifies early occlusion and may be used alone or in concert with angiography to select patients for reoperation. (J VASC SURG 1985;2:415-8.)
Attitudes and Student Perceptions: Their Measure and Relationship to Performance in Elementary Algebra, Intermediate Algebra, College Algebra, and Technical Mathematics.

This study was designed to examine the nature of the relationship between student perception/attitude variables and final grades. Data were obtained from students registered in elementary algebra (N=89), intermediate algebra (N=70), college algebra (N=83), and technical mathematics (N=67) at College of DuPage. Nearly 55 percent of the subjects indicated a neutral or negative attitude toward mathematics, and more than 70 percent rated their ability to be average or poor. Regression analysis was used to identify variables related to final grade. The predictor variables varied between each subgroup, and the percent of variance explained in final grade ranged from 14 percent in elementary algebra to more than 30 percent in college algebra. In all subgroups the variables assessed by the Fennema‐Sherman Mathematics Attitude Scales did not appear to be statistically related to final grade.
The Influence of Partisanship, Ideology, and the Law on Redistricting Decisions in the Federal Courts:

Redistricting cases offer a unique opportunity to test the effects of partisan favoritism in judging and to investigate when partisanship might influence decision making distinctly from ideology. H...
Original article: Semiclassical spectral confinement for the sine-Gordon equation

The inverse scattering method for solving the sine-Gordon equation in laboratory coordinates requires the analysis of the Faddeev-Takhtajan eigenvalue problem. This problem is not self-adjoint and the eigenvalues may lie anywhere in the complex plane, so it is of interest to determine conditions on the initial data that restrict where the eigenvalues can be. We establish bounds on the eigenvalues for a broad class of zero-charge initial data that are applicable in the semiclassical or zero-dispersion limit. It is shown that no point off the coordinate axes or turning point curve can be an eigenvalue if the dispersion parameter is sufficiently small.
Quantitative Antidiabetic Activity Prediction for the Class of Guanidino- and Aminoguanidinopropionic Acid Analogs Based on Electron-Conformational Studies

The electron-conformational method has been employed to reveal the pharmacophore (Pha) and to predict antidiabetic activity, studying 154 compounds in the class of guanidino- and aminoguanidinopropionic acid analogs. The derived Pha consists of four sites with certain electronic and topological characteristics which are represented by two oxygen atoms of the carboxyl group and two nitrogens of the guanidine group but may be substituted with any other atoms that have the same electronic and geometric features. The Pha flexibility and the influence of out-of-Pha features are described by only three model descriptors that predict the experimental activities quantitatively within experimental uncertainty for a training set of 120 compounds. The quality of the derived Pha and the corresponding quantitative model of activity has been validated (and deemed acceptable) by cross-validation including many-fold cross-validations within the training set and against an independent test set of 34 additional analogs wit...
Failure of homozygous embryo skin to prevent growth of autogenous tumor-grafts in the rat.

SummaryRats of a pure inbred line treated with embryo skin of the same strain failed to produce a resistant state to grafts of a tumor autogenous to the strain.
The impact of cellulose structure on binding interactions with hemicellulose and pectin

Four cellulose substrates including highly crystalline cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) from Gluconacetobacter xylinus (cellulose Iα) or cotton (cellulose Iβ) and amorphous cellulose derived from CNWs (phosphoric acid swollen cellulose nanowhiskers, PASCNWs) were used to explore the interaction between cellulose and well-defined xyloglucan, xylan, arabinogalactan and pectin. The binding behavior was characterized by adsorption isotherm and Langmuir models. The maximum adsorption and the binding constant of xyloglucan, xylan and pectin to any CNWs were always higher than to PASCNWs derived from the same source. The binding affinity of xyloglucan, xylan and pectin to G. xylinus cellulose was generally higher than to cotton cellulose, showing that binding interactions depended on the biological origin of cellulose and associated differences in its structure. The surface area, porosity, crystal plane and degree of order of cellulose substrate may all impact the interactions.
Conflict and the Freedom of the Press

Using data from 146 countries, this study empirically tests the relationship between conflict and press freedom. Holding all else constant, the results indicate that the relationship between conflict and press freedom is best described as nonlinear such that the greatest conflict is observed at an intermediate level of press freedom. It is theorized that while past research has found that greater press freedom serves to reduce conflict, governments with a tightly controlled press can also observe lower levels of conflict as these government can use their control to censored information, images, and messaging to minimize conflict and unrest.
The avowal of motives for marijuana behavior.

The present report is a comparative analysis of data from different studies on the motives avowed for the use and nonuse of marijuana. Qualitative data on the reasons given by users and nonusers for their behavior were first described and categorized according to 21 verbal patterns. Then these categories were utilized to analyze quantitative data by various investigators, i.e., were the means to compare the frequencies with which each kind of motive was verbalized. The results indicated that knowledgeableness is by far the most frequently expressed motive for the initial use of marijuana. Continued use, however, is largely explained either on the grounds of self-fulfillment or with an appeal to psychological drives. Habitual users in different studies mentioned almost all categories of reasons for smoking more often than did occasional users. Explanations for the two types of nonuse were also quite dissimilar. For the discontinued use of pot, lack of interest is claimed as the chief motivation; but for ne...
An experimental investigation on cut surface and burr in trimming aluminum autobody sheet

Abstract A systematic experimental investigation is presented on trimming of aluminum alloy autobody sheets. The variations of cut surface quality and burr height are related to the cutting parameters of clearance, blade sharpness and cutting angle. It was discovered that, contrary to conventional wisdom requiring the blade to travel perpendicularly to the sheet ( 0° -“cutting angle”), at appropriate cutting angles the surface quality becomes insensitive to the blade sharpness, and almost zero burrs are produced for large clearances and extremely dull blades. The findings suggest that the robustness of current shearing practices for aluminum sheets can potentially be greatly improved, requiring much less frequent tool-sharpening and less restrictions on clearance control. A counter-intuitive phenomenon was revealed. At certain cutting angles and intermediate clearances, instead of burr heights and cut surface roughnesses monotonically increasing with decreases in the blade sharpness as expected, they first increased and then surprisingly decreased. Instability conditions exist at which cut surface quality and burr height are extremely sensitive to the cutting parameters.
Automatic sentiment extraction from YouTube videos

Extracting speaker sentiment from natural audio streams such as YouTube is challenging. A number of factors contribute to the task difficulty, namely, Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) of spontaneous speech, unknown background environments, variable source and channel characteristics, accents, diverse topics, etc. In this study, we build upon our previous work [5], where we had proposed a system for detecting sentiment in YouTube videos. Particularly, we propose several enhancements including (i) better text-based sentiment model due to training on larger and more diverse dataset, (ii) an iterative scheme to reduce sentiment model complexity with minimal impact on performance accuracy, (iii) better speech recognition due to superior acoustic modeling and focused (domain dependent) vocabulary/language models, and (iv) a larger evaluation dataset. Collectively, our enhancements provide an absolute 10% improvement over our previous system in terms of sentiment detection accuracy. Additionally, we also present analysis that helps understand the impact of WER (word error rate) on sentiment detection accuracy. Finally, we investigate the relative importance of different Parts-of-Speech (POS) tag features towards sentiment detection. Our analysis reveals the practicality of this technology and also provides several potential directions for future work.
Wafer level test solutions for IR sensors

Wafer probers provide an established platform for performing electrical measurements at wafer level for CMOS and similar process technologies. For testing IR sensors, the requirements are beyond the standard prober capabilities. This presentation will give an overview about state of the art IR sensor probing systems reaching from flexible engineering solutions to automated production needs. Cooled sensors typically need to be tested at a target temperature below 80 K. Not only is the device temperature important but also the surrounding environment is required to prevent background radiation from reaching the device under test. To achieve that, a cryogenic shield is protecting the movable chuck. By operating that shield to attract residual gases inside the chamber, a completely contamination-free test environment can be guaranteed. The use of special black coatings are furthermore supporting the removal of stray light. Typically, probe card needles are operating at ambient (room) temperature when connecting to the wafer. To avoid the entrance of heat, which can result in distorted measurements, the probe card is fully embedded into the cryogenic shield. A shutter system, located above the probe field, is designed to switch between the microscope view to align the sensor under the needles and the test relevant setup. This includes a completely closed position to take dark current measurements. Another position holds a possible filter glass with the required aperture opening. The necessary infrared sources to stimulate the device are located above.
Cancer associated fibroblasts in cancer pathogenesis

In the past century, gradual but sustained advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the growth and invasive properties of cancer cells have led to better management of tumors. However, many tumors still escape regulation and progress to advanced disease. Until recently, there has not been an organized and sustained focus on the “normal” cells in the vicinity of tumors. Interactions between the tumor and these host cells, as well as autonomous qualities of the host cells themselves, might explain why tumors in people with histologically similar cancers often behave and respond differently to treatment. Cells of the tumor microenvironment, variously referred to as cancer stroma, reactive stroma or carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAF), exist in close proximity to the cancer epithelium. Both stromal and epithelial phenotypes co-evolve during tumorigenesis and it is now becoming clear that these stromal cells may not be the innocent bystanders they had been widely thought to be, but rather may be active contributors to carcinogenesis. Our group and others have shown the important role that CAF play in the progression of cancer. In this article we will address current trends in the study of the interactions between cancer stroma and tumor cells in different organs. We will also highlight perceived knowledge gaps and suggest research areas that need to be further explored to provide new targets for anti-cancer therapies.
Nonallergic rhinitis: therapeutic options.

Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to briefly discuss methods for classifying Nonallergic rhinitis (NAR), the current understanding of its immunopathogenesis, scientific evidence-based treatment options along with anecdotal clinical experience for selecting different treatment regimens for these challenging patients. Recent findings NAR also known as idiopathic rhinitis, irritant-induced rhinitis and vasomotor rhinitis is a heterogeneous condition that has been classified many different ways, but currently there is no consensus on definition for this condition due to its poorly elucidated mechanism(s) of action. A typical patient presents with nasal congestion, postnasal drainage with or without a cough associated with, to a lesser extent, some degree of sneezing, itching, and rhinorrhea. Recent studies have proposed more specific approaches for characterizing rhinitis subtypes. It is speculated that this condition is due to an autonomic imbalance resulting in an overactive parasympathetic and perhaps an underactive sympathetic nervous system. Our poor understanding of NAR mechanism(s) of action has significantly hindered progress in developing novel therapies for this condition. Summary Further investigation is required to understand the neurogenic signaling pathways that lead to this aberrant response. Until we have selective therapies for NAR, treatment requires selecting the medication or combination of medications best suited to the symptomatic needs of the patient.
Open-Path Dual-Comb Spectroscopy of Greenhouse Gases

Frequency-comb spectroscopy in the near-infrared is used to measure atmospheric CO2 and H2O concentrations over a 2-km outdoor open-air path. This technique shows promise for measurements over length scales between point sensors and satellite systems.
Using HPLC-Mass Spectrometry to Teach Proteomics Concepts with Problem-based Techniques

Practical instruction of proteomics concepts was provided using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a mass selective detection system (HPLC-MS) for the analysis of simulated protein digests. The samples were prepared from selected dipeptides in order to facilitate the mass spectral identification. As part of the prelaboratory preparation, students calculated the parent ion patterns of the dipeptides using peptide calculator websites. Following instruction on the use of the HPLC-MS instrument, students analyzed mixtures of the dipeptides and identified the individual dipeptides in the unknowns. In addition, purchased chicken egg white lysozyme alkylated with iodoacetamide and digested with trypsin was analyzed using the same approach. Key tryptic peptides were identified from the HPLC-MS chromatogram with information generated with the FindPept tool. This experiment demonstrates that complex concepts can be taught in the undergraduate biochemistry laboratory using a problem-based approach.
The Development of, and Interaction between, Intuitive and School-Taught Ideas about Percent.

The objective of this study was to determine how students' strategies for solving percent problems change over grades 5, 7, 9, and 11. The questions addressed included the following: What intuitive knowledge do students bring to the study of percent? Do students use this intuitive knowledge in solving percent problems? What processes do students use to solve percent problems? Does choice of solution method differ after formal instruction on percent? The researcher employed a cross-sectional research design whereby 31 students representing two ability levels (middle and high) from grades 5, 7, 9, and 11 were interviewed. The responses were compared and contrasted by ability and grade level. The 5th and 7th graders, who had little or no formal instruction on percent, used a variety of strategies including benchmark, ratios, and fractions, to solve percent problems. The 9th graders made extensive use of the school-taught equation strategy. The 11th graders, who had been away from formal instruction on percent for at least a year, also used the equation strategy extensively, but also employed a variety of other strategies and were more reflective in their choice of strategy.
Aplicación de técnicas de minería de textos al frame analysis: identificando el encuadre textual de la inmigración en la prensa

El creciente aumento de la informacion online hace patente la necesidad de tecnicas para el estudio de grandes volumenes de datos textuales que actualmente se encuentran disponibles. El presente trabajo examina algunas de las posibilidades de las tecnicas automaticas de analisis textual (mineria de textos) al campo de las ciencias sociales y, especificamente, al de la comunicacion. En concreto, se presenta un caso de estudio que muestra de una manera aplicada como estos metodos y tecnicas de analisis pueden ser usados para la clasificacion automatica de contenidos y la descripcioncaracterizacion del framing textual de articulos de prensa.
Radiation chemistry in Taiwan, fundamental and applied

Abstract Both fundamental and applied research works on radiation chemistry in Taiwan have been described from the view point of economic development of new radiation chemical industry by applying unique chemical reactions on radiation processing. Seven items on the basic and applied research works and the status of recent industrial development of radiation chemistry have been consequently selected to be delineated as the major contents along this line in this paper.
Immunosuppressive activity of isolated rat and human fetoproteins.

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was purified from rat hepatoma sera and pooled human cord sera. Both AFP-rich fractions prepared by consecutive ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography and pure rat AFP prepared by liquid phase immunoabsorption lacked in vitro suppressive activity. than ATP purified by affinity chromatography was suppressive, but so was similarly purified human cord albumin. Alteration of ionic conditions was shown to affect the activity of both human AFP and cord albumin. The primary mixed lymphocyte response, the generation of the secondary response, and the memory cell, per se, were all found to be sensitive to active human AFP under the appropriate culture conditions.
Specific heat measurements of TiB2 and 6LiF from 0.5 to 30 K

The specific heats of TiB{sub 2} and {sup 6}LiF have been measured from 0.5 to 30 K as part of a larger project in the construction of a neutron spectrometer. For this application, the measured specific heats were used to extrapolate the specific heats down to 0.1 K with lattice, electronic, and Schottky equations for the respective samples. The resultant specific heat values at 0.1 K for TiB{sub 2} and {sup 6}LiF are 4.08 x 10{sup -4} {+-} 0.27 x 10{sup -4} J/K/mol and 9.19 x 10{sup -9} {+-} 0.15 x 10{sup -9} J/K/mol, respectively.
Merging of multi-string BWTs with applications.

Motivation: The throughput of genomic sequencing has increased to the point that is overrunning the rate of downstream analysis. This, along with the desire to revisit old data, has led to a situation where large quantities of raw, and nearly impenetrable, sequence data are rapidly filling the hard drives of modern biology labs. These datasets can be compressed via a multi-string variant of the Burrows–Wheeler Transform (BWT), which provides the side benefit of searches for arbitrary k-mers within the raw data as well as the ability to reconstitute arbitrary reads as needed. We propose a method for merging such datasets for both increased compression and downstream analysis. Results: We present a novel algorithm that merges multi-string BWTs in O(LCS×N) time where LCS is the length of their longest common substring between any of the inputs, and N is the total length of all inputs combined (number of symbols) using O(N×log2(F)) bits where F is the number of multi-string BWTs merged. This merged multi-string BWT is also shown to have a higher compressibility compared with the input multi-string BWTs separately. Additionally, we explore some uses of a merged multi-string BWT for bioinformatics applications. Availability and implementation: The MSBWT package is available through PyPI with source code located at https://code.google.com/p/msbwt/. Contact: ude.cnu.sc@amjtloh
Self-consistent embedded-cluster model for magnetic impurities: Fe, Co, and Ni in β ′ --NiAl

Substitutional transition-metal impurities occupying either Ni or Al sites in the intermetallic compound ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$-NiAl with CsCl structure have been treated by a self-consistent molecular-orbital method. The electronic energy levels and charge and spin densities of $M{X}_{8}$ clusters representing a central atom and its nearest neighbors and $M{X}_{8}{Y}_{6}$ clusters representing central, nearest-neighbor and second-nearest-neighbor atoms have been calculated in the Hartree-Fock-Slater spin-polarized model, using a numerical discrete variational method. Interaction of the impurity cluster with the crystal environment is represented by a pseudopotential derived from cluster calculations on the pure compound. Results for Fe, Ni, and Co impurities in ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$-NiAl are discussed in connection with experimental resistivity, M\"ossbauer isomer shift, and NMR data.
The effects of child support guidelines: An analysis of the evidence in court records

Court records from four Ohio counties were used to compare child support orders before and after promulgation of federally mandated guidelines in 1987. There was no significant change in probability of Court Ordered Child Support. Amount Ordered in constant dollars increased between 1985 and 1987–88. Variables influencing Court Ordered Child Support differed post-guidelines. Years Married, Attorney for Both and Attorney for Wife were significant in both years. Number of Children, Rural, and Wife's Motions were significant in 1987–88. Variables affecting amount ordered also differed after adoption of the guidelines. Wife Contested, Husband's Motions, Defendant and Plaintiff no longer were significant in 1987–88. Years Married and Payment by Father were significantly related to Amount Ordered in 1985 but not in 1987–88. Number of Children, Expenses Paid, and Number of Assets were significantly related to Amount Ordered in both years.
Regular pattern of preventive dental services--a measure of access.

Having a regular pattern of care should be an indicator of access to and periodic use of preventive and health maintenance services. The analyses reported in this study are intended to provide a better understanding of the factors related to having a regular pattern of preventive dental care. The data were collected in 1981 as part of a U.S. household survey, 'A Study of Dental Health Related and Process Outcomes Associated with Prepaid Dental Care', the most comprehensive cross-sectional data base available in dentistry. Descriptive analyses of a constructed variable, representing perceived and realized access and a preventive orientation, indicate that 53% of the population had a regular pattern of preventive care. Those with a regular pattern of care were more likely to be white, younger, have dental insurance, have no cost barriers, have more than 12 years of education, be dentate, have no perceived symptoms, and no fear of pain. Logistic regressions indicated that there was an increased probability of having a regular pattern of preventive care if individuals had no economic access problems, had positive attitudes, had higher income, reported few oral symptoms, and were non-Black. Overall, the descriptive models used suggested that individuals with resources in the form of finances and education, and a sense of self-efficacy as expressed in attitudes toward oral health, had the greatest probability of having a regular pattern of preventive care.
Lessons Learned from the Holocaust: Blogging to Teach Critical Multicultural Literacy.

AbstractThis qualitative dual-case study addresses two 21st century teacher education imperatives, technology infusion and critical multicultural literacy instruction. We researched the integration of a blog as a tool to promote technology use in a graduate course on literacy and technology with a thematic focus on the Holocaust. Using a grounded theory approach (Corbin & Strauss, 2008), we analyzed data sources, including interviews, blog postings, and surveys. We conducted a second analysis using a priori coding schemes to further analyze students’ blog posts. Findings suggest that blogging has the potential to enhance knowledge of the ways technology can be harnessed to promote critical multicultural literacy instruction. From an action research stance, we also discuss implications for our future practice.