cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Jejunal linoleic acid infusions require GLP-1 receptor signaling to inhibit food intake: implications for the effectiveness of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery results in sustained decreases in food intake and weight loss. A key component is likely the direct delivery of nutrients to the jejunum and resulting changes in levels of gut peptide secretion. Prior work modeling this aspect of the surgery has shown that small-volume, prolonged jejunal infusions of linoleic acid (LA) produce sustained decreases in food intake and weight loss. LA infusions also significantly elevate plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels. To assess a role for the increased circulating GLP-1 in the feeding suppression, we examined the effect of prolonged peripheral minipump administration of the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin 9-39 (Ex 9) on the feeding suppression produced by jejunal LA. Using a 2 × 2 design, we infused either saline or LA in the jejunum (7 h/day, 11.4 kcal) for 5 days with a subset of animals from each group receiving either saline or Ex 9 (25 pmol·kg(-1)·min(-1)) continuously via a minipump. The antagonist alone had no effect on food intake. LA reduced daily food intake greatly in excess of the kilocalories infused. Ex 9 completely blocked the feeding suppression produced by the jejunal LA infusion. Ex 9 also attenuated the increase in plasma GLP-1 induced by jejunal LA infusions. These data demonstrate that endogenous GLP-1 receptor signaling is necessary for the reduction in food intake produced by jejunal LA infusions. Whether increased secretion of additional gut peptides is also necessary for such suppressions remains to be determined.
CFTR dysfunction predisposes to fibrotic liver disease in a murine model

Cystic fibrosis liver disease (CFLD) is a rapidly progressive biliary fibrosis, resembling primary sclerosing cholangitis that develops in 5–10% of patients with cystic fibrosis. Further research a...
A path model of the relationship between career indecision, androgyny, self-efficacy, and self-esteem.

Utilizing a path model, this study investigated the relationship between Androgyny and career decision-making among 91 high school girls. The constructs included in the model were Androgyny as assessed by the Bern Sex-role Inventory, Self-esteem as assessed by the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Self-efficacy as assessed by the Wulff-Steitz Career Self-efficacy Scale, and Career Indecision as assessed by the Osipow Career Decision Scale. The results indicated that Androgyny scores were significantly associated with those on Self-esteem, Self-esteem with Self-efficacy, and Self-efficacy with Career Indecision. The results are discussed in terms of the usefulness of path models in clarifying complex interrelationships.
Predictive power of various models for longitudinal attachment level change.

Several statistical models that have been suggested in the periodontal literature for describing longitudinal attachment level changes, such as the gradual loss, single-burst, multiple-burst, and random walk models as well as other models introduced in this paper are compared by their power to predict future attachment loss. The data used in this analysis is from 1061 sites of 8 subjects, with moderate to severe periodontal disease, monitored monthly for about a year. This study found that none of the suggested models could significantly outperform the naive mean predictor, which predicts the future attachment level from the past mean. It was also found that no single model, such as the burst, gradual, or random walk, together with measurement error can fully explain the variation in the data. These results indicate that in the course of one year, the attachment level change may not follow the same model. Consequently, a model that fits well to past data cannot be accurately extended to the future.
Carotid artery intima-media thickness in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disorder associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and metabolic disturbances. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, is higher in women with PCOS compared with women without PCOS. methods: Primary articles reporting the mean CIMT in women with PCOS and controls were identified using Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE and PUBMED. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis and created forest plots of the mean difference in CIMT and conducted tests for heterogeneity and publication bias. Studies were grouped by quality, defined by reporting reproducibility of CIMT and averaging both common carotid arteries versus one side for CIMT. results: From the 36 eligible full-text studies, 8 studies were included in the systematic review and 19 studies were included in the meta- analysis (total n ¼ 1123 women with PCOS, n ¼ 923 controls). The summary mean difference in CIMT among women with PCOS compared with controls was 0.072 mm (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.040, 0.105, P , 0.0001) for highest quality studies, 0.084 mm (95% CI 0.042,
Detection of Leukocytes from In vivo Videos

Leukocyte migration is an important phenomenon in the inflammatory tissue. The migration process includes the rolling velocity decreasing and the leukocytes adhesion. However, the analysis of in vivo microscopy video is a labor-intensive and time consuming task. Several approaches have been proposed for tracking leukocyte movements. However, these approaches can either only track leukocytes that roll along the centerline of the blood vessel, or can only handle leukocytes with fixed morphologies. In addition, the camera/subject movement is a severe problem which occurs frequently while analyzing in vivo microscopy videos. In this paper, we proposed a new method for automatic recognition of non-adherent and adherent leukocytes. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Small RNAs: Regulators and guardians of the genome

Small non-coding RNAs comprise several classes and sizes, but all share a unifying function in cellular physiology: epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Here, we review the salient aspects of recent studies on the biogenesis and function of three classes of small RNAs: miRNAs, siRNAs, and piRNAs. Although the mechanisms are becoming clear by which siRNA-triggered mRNA cleavage silences genes, more studies are needed on several issues regarding miRNA-mediated translation repression. Piwi proteins have been suggested to co-operate in amplifying piRNA biogenesis to maintain transposon silencing in the germ line genome, but details of this process are still unknown as well as the functional consequences of piRNA expression at discrete genomic loci.
Information cartography: creating zoomable, large-scale maps of information

In an era of information overload, many people struggle to make sense of complex stories, such as presidential elections or economic reforms. We propose a methodology for creating structured summaries of information, which we call zoomable metro maps. Just as cartographic maps have been relied upon for centuries to help us understand our surroundings, metro maps can help us understand the information landscape. Given large collection of news documents our proposed algorithm generates a map of connections that explicitly captures story development. As different users might be interested in different levels of granularity, the maps are zoomable, with each level of zoom showing finer details and interactions. In this paper, we formalize characteristics of good zoomable maps and formulate their construction as an optimization problem. We provide efficient, scalable methods with theoretical guarantees for generating maps. Pilot user studies over real-world datasets demonstrate that our method helps users comprehend complex stories better than prior work.
A 200-year Fire History in a Remnant Oak Savanna in Southeastern Wisconsin

Abstract In oak (Quercus) savannas in the Midwest region of the United States, fire continues to play a significant role in its persistence within the landscape; however, in southeastern Wisconsin, quantified fire history records are limited. This study documented occurrences of fire for the last 200 y using 16 cross-dated oak sections from an oak savanna remnant in Kenosha County, Wisconsin. Fire history was reconstructed by: (1) obtaining fire-scarred cross sections from cut down oaks in an area planned for an industrial park, (2) preparing sample surfaces to count rings, (3) creating skeleton plots to crossdate samples, (4) dating fire scars, (5) calculating intervals between fires and (6) determining seasonality of the fire. In addition, a master chronology was constructed for the oak savanna using the cross sections to correlate with precipitation. Throughout the entire time series, only 50% of the fire dates were associated with significantly dry years. Although the overall Weibull median interval w...
Ancient dispersals, propagule pressure, and species selection in flowering plants

The importance of ancient long-distance migrations in shaping the geographical structure of genera and families is becoming ever more apparent. The long-distance immigrants were not random samples of their floras, but had attributes which made them prime candidates for the intercontinental sweepstakes. High propagule dispersability was one such trait. I propose that these invasive species also must have produced large numbers of propagules across their ranges, by virtue of large population numbers and sizes. They probably were widespread, major elements in their floras. These ideas are supported by the fact that propagule pressure is a prime determinant of a contemporary species' invasion potential, as is the size of its native geographical distribution. I propose that highly dispersable and propagule-rich lineages are likely to have high speciation rates, because access to new regions affords opportunities for ecological and geographical speciation. These lineages also may persist longer, being more broadly distributed in space. The evolutionary advantage of these lineages extends to periods of climatic change.
Multi-agent simulation and netLogo in the introductory computer science curriculum

The tutorial introduces the NetLogo programming language and presents an approach to an introductory computer science course based on multi-agent simulation and NetLogo. This course has been taught at Middlebury College in Vermont for the past five years, both as a non-majors (CS0) introductory course and as first semester introduction to programming class (CS1) for computer science majors. As a non-majors course, the immediate applicability of the subject matter makes it especially appealing to students in the sciences and in economics, providing an introduction to individual-based modeling and complex adaptive systems. The power and simplicity of the NetLogo language allows students to develop complex simulations in their first semester. As a majors course, the language provides a basis for important CS1 topics including: selection, iteration, recursion, lists, data types, Boolean logic, algorithmic thinking, and object-oriented concepts. The applicability of the topic and the complexity of the programs that a first semester student can develop also aid in recruitment and retention of computer science majors.
Successful pregnancy after bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome

Abstract The diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome in a multigravida and subsequent treatment by total adrenalectomy and radioactive cobalt therapy to the pituitary is discussed. Management of a successful pregnancy which began 7 months later is presented. Labor and delivery were uncomplicated and with proper hormonal support were managed in the usual manner. Puerperal sterilization was carried out 38 hours post partum. The patient's early and late course was satisfactory.
Host Location Behavior by the Tachinid, Lixophaga diatraeae

Frass and methanol extracts of frass from sugarcane borer (SCB), Diatraea saccharalis (F.), larvae consistently stimulated larviposition by the tachinid Lixophaga diatraeae (Townsend). However, frass or frass extracts from larvae fed a soybean-flour wheat germ diet did not stimulate larviposition. Bioassays with frass from SCB, bollworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), and southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella (Dyar), larvae fed several plant materials or artificial diet demonstrated that while larviposition was not entirely host specific, preference was influenced by host species and its food source. When extracts of different parts of SCB larvae were submitted to L. diatraeae , the flies larviposited on extracts of all sections of the alimentary canal, but extracts of silk or mandibular glands and hemolymph elicited only weak responses. The release of locomotor activity by volatiles from the host's frass or sugarcane could not be demonstrated. Tests and videotape observations revealed that the primary stimulus for larviposition by L. diatraeae was detected when the fly's fore-tarsi contacted the host frass. Under laboratory conditions once contact had been made parasites tended to aggregate in the area near the frass.
Case study: Comparison on shear wave velocity estimation in Dickman field, Ness County, Kansas

Higher quality shear wave velocity has been pursuing since its importance in multicomponent exploration. To better monitoring CO2 sequestration, shear wave velocity (Vs) is needed to implement elastic numerical study on the target reservoir. A number of shear wave velocity estimation methods and their corresponding comprehensive comparison are presented in this article. The survey is situated in Ness County, Kansas, and the study is supported by DOE.
System Architecture, Development and Results of the Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Maritime RobotX Platform

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) was selected as one of three schools to represent the United States in the inaugural Maritime RobotX Challenge, jointly sponsored by the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) and the Office of Naval Research (ONR). This international competition consisted of 15 teams from across the Pacific Rim; challenging them to develop a fully-autonomous surface vehicle using the 16foot high-performance Wave Adaptive Modular Vessel (WAM-V) Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV) platform to compete in Singapore, October 2014. The WAM-V ASV platform must accomplish multiple complex tasks fully autonomously, including buoy channel navigation, debris avoidance, plotting and updating of courses in real time, docking, and target identification. The novel system architecture utilized on the ERAU platform consists of multiple Ethernet enabled hardware components and software nodes running in parallel on separate computers to produce the complex behaviors required by the Maritime RobotX Challenge. These nodes include state estimation, health monitoring, object classification, map creation, mission planning, and trajectory planning. These systems and subsystems have been specifically designed and selected to maximize operational availability during component and software integration, which is of particular importance given the compressed one-year timeline of the project. To further this goal the hardware and software platform has been designed to allow for the upgrade and integration of both hardware and software in an iterative manner. This design philosophy, “complexity through iteration” maximizes test time and system capability. This paper discusses the development of the ERAU RobotX WAM-V ASV platform designated Minion, including an overview of the competition tasks, the modular hardware design, testing and the software architecture. The primary nodes covered here are obstacle identification, mapping, trajectory planning, and obstacle avoidance.
Differentiating Dark Triad Traits Within and Across Interpersonal Circumplex Surfaces

Recent discussions surrounding the Dark Triad (narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) have centered on areas of distinctiveness and overlap. Given that interpersonal dysfunction is a core feature of Dark Triad traits, the current study uses self-report data from 562 undergraduate students to examine the interpersonal characteristics associated with narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism on four interpersonal circumplex (IPC) surfaces. The distinctiveness of these characteristics was examined using a novel bootstrapping methodology for computing confidence intervals around circumplex structural summary method parameters. Results suggest that Dark Triad traits exhibit distinct structural summary method parameters with narcissism characterized by high dominance, psychopathy characterized by a blend of high dominance and low affiliation, and Machiavellianism characterized by low affiliation on the problems, values, and efficacies IPC surfaces. Additionally, there was some heterogeneity in findings for different measures of psychopathy. Gender differences in structural summary parameters were examined, finding similar parameter values despite mean-level differences in Dark Triad traits. Finally, interpersonal information was integrated across different IPC surfaces to create profiles associated with each Dark Triad trait and to provide a more in-depth portrait of associated interpersonal dynamics.
Measures to Reduce Cesarean Section Rate and Analysis of Their Clinical Effects

Objectives To discuss the measures to reduce the rate of cesarean section and their effects.MethodsTo begin with,the reasons of a high cesarean section rate was analyzed.In 2011,pregnant women in our hospital were administered with comprehensive measures such as standardizing obstetricians' skills for perinatal stage,using Propess to promote cervical ripening,popularizing painless labor and Doula delivery,and enhancing health education over pregnancy.After implementing the measures above,cesarean section rate declined significantly.Conclusions Taking comprehensive measures with reference to clinical conditions can significantly reduce the rate of conducting cesarean sections.
Management of the acute abdomen. A test of judgement.

PreviewPrimary care physicians are often the first to see patients with an acute abdomen, and they may bear the onus of separating those who need urgent surgery from those who can be safely observed. To aid this decision, Dr Hiatt gives a step-by-step approach to an often challenging condition and warns against making an exact diagnosis at the outset of management.
Doctors on-line: using diffusion of innovations theory to understand internet use.

Background and objectives Family physicians must be aware of the latest and best evidence for a broad range of clinical and public health topics. The Internet is an important source of this information, but not all family physicians use the Internet. This study used "diffusion of innovations" theory to identify strategies for increasing Internet use by family physicians. Methods We conducted a mail survey of 58 family physicians in a midsized Northeastern metropolitan area in the United States to assess Internet use and identify sources from which physicians obtain medical information. We then used diffusion of innovations theory to describe the process by which physicians learn and develop skills at using the Internet. Results Internet use begins when physicians are not constrained by a heavy patient volume and are able to learn about and observe the benefits of Internet use. When they experience its usefulness, their Internet browsing and searching develop and become more effortless and less time-consuming. Conclusions The innovation attributes of diffusion of innovations theory act as predictors of Internet use among family physicians. Internet use by family physicians might be increased by providing them time to learn about how to use it and to experience its benefits. Integration of continuing medical education courses created for the purpose of developing and enhancing Internet usage skills into their schedule may be a workable solution. Demographic factors such as gender and training recency have no influence on Internet use by family physicians.
Implementation of a criteria-based antimicrobial formulary system

The development of a criteria-based antimicrobial formulary system for use in a 432-bed university-based tertiary-care hospital is described. A subcommittee of the hospital's pharmacy and therapeutics committee developed prescribing criteria for antimicrobials thought to have a specific place in the treatment of various infections. The criteria were based primarily on patient needs, but when two therapies were thought to have similar effectiveness and similar toxicity profiles, cost became the deciding factor in drug selection. Educational packets were designed to assist physicians in prescribing criteria-based antimicrobials. An antimicrobial order form was also developed. The program was implemented after an extensive orientation and education period; data on antimicrobial use were collected for the first year of the program. Hospitalwide compliance with the criteria was 89%, although compliance in certain departments was poorer. The database was formulated to be both service- and physician-specific for the purposes of reporting and education.
The Tensile Property Evaluation of One 5000-Series Aluminum Alloy at the Temperature of Liquid Helium

New technical developments in the cryogenic field have been responsible for the continually increasing use of liquid helium, which provides the lowest possible temperatures. One class of aluminum alloys, the 5000 series, has been shown to have promise as a structural material for use at temperatures as low as -423°F[1,2], However, there are at present only limited data on any of the aluminum alloys, particularly plate, at the temperature of liquid helium (-452°F).
Networks in Mood and Anxiety Disorders

This chapter offers a brief review of the primary components of mood and anxiety networks. Specifically, translational and neuroimaging research elucidating the role and function of the amygdala, hippocampus, frontal cortex, and basal ganglia will be summarized. Research in psychiatry has begun to shift from examining traditional categories of psychiatric disease to describing basic components of emotional processing.
John Myles (1621–83) and the Future of Ilston’s Past

Cet article donne un compte rendu de l'oeuvre de John Myles, envoye en 1636 a Ilston par les baptistes calvinistes de Londres pour evangeliser le sud du Pays de Galles. Ce qui caracterise la mission de Myles et l'Eglise de Ilston jusqu'a la Restauration et au-dela, c'est leur nature exclusive et leur corporatisme. En ce qui concerne la theologie et la doctrine, Ilston etait une Eglise de baptistes calvinistes, si bien que la tradition dominante pendant deux siecles et demi chez les baptistes gallois a ete calviniste. Comme tous les chefs puritains du milieu du XVIIe siecle, John Myles etait aussi engage dans l'immense bouleversement politique et social de son temps.
Current trends in BPD research as indicative of a broader sea-change in psychiatric nosology

The aim of the Special Section that this paper contributes to is to review current trends in borderline personality disorder (BPD) research. Three major trends were identified. First, there has been a marked increase in studies that attempt to locate BPD in the dimensional latent structure of psychopathology. Second, identifying the endophenotypic markers associated with BPD has become a focus of interest. Here, we focus on one endophenotype in the form of impaired self-other processing. Third, there has been an explosion of research into the developmental aspects of BPD specifically focused on uncovering complex Biology × Environment interactions in the development of BPD. This paper discusses how these trends (Dimensions, Biology, and Development) are challenging the nature and form of BPD as we know it, and may be indicative of a broader sea-change in psychiatric nosology. (PsycINFO Database Record
Comparison of T Cell (CD3+) Chimerism after Myeloablative (MY) and Nonmyeloablative (NM) Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (AHSCT).

Assessment of chimerism after AHSCT has been important to monitor donor hematopoietic engraftment and to assess for residual disease or relapse. Achievement of T cell (CD3+) complete donor chimerism (CDC), particularly after NM AHSCT, has been considered important to achieve a graft-vs.-malignancy effect. Formal comparisons of the onset and frequency of T cell CDC in pts treated with MY vs. NM conditioning regimens have not been well described. The current analysis compared rates of achieving T cell CDC for 116 pts transplanted from 1/10/00–5/19/06 who were categorized into the following 4 groups based upon type of transplant conditioning: 1) 200 cGy total body irradiation (TBI) + fludarabine 30 mg/m 2 /d × 3 days (NM200; n=47); 2) 400 cGy TBI + fludarabine (NM400; n=23); 3) MY AHSCT with busulfan/cyclophosphamide without TBI (MY-noTBI; n=31); 4) MY AHSCT with TBI (MY-TBI; n=15). All NM AHSCT pts received peripheral blood stem cells and all MY AHSCT patients received bone marrow as their stem cell source. The total nucleated cell (TNC) and CD34+ cell doses were higher in the NM AHSCT patients. 36 (31%) pts had matched unrelated donors, all with at least an 8/8 match (HLA-A, -B, -Cw, -DR) by HLA class I and II DNA-based typing [10 (21%) NM200, 7 (30%) NM400, 9 (29%) MY-noTBI, 10 (67%) MY-TBI; p=0.011]. Graft-vs-host disease prophylaxis consisted of mycophenolate mofetil and cyclosporine or tacrolimus for most pts. Short tandem repeat analysis for T cell (CD3+) chimerism was performed on peripheral blood post transplant and CDC was defined as achievement of >95% DNA of donor origin isolated from CD3+ T cells. Post-transplant T cell chimerism was found in both the MY and NM AHSCT groups. The number of pts who achieved CDC and the median time to its occurrence for each group was as follows: NM200 - 34 (72%) at 4 mos; NM400 - 18 (78%) at 2.7 mos; MY-noTBI - 20 (65%) at 3.3 mos; and MY-TBI - 13 (87%) at 1.3 mos. The Kaplan-Meier curves for achievement of CDC are shown above (p=0.23). The group of pts who received MY-TBI developed T cell CDC more rapidly than the NM200 pts (p=0.05). No significant differences were observed between the NM400, MY-noTBI and MY-TBI groups with regards to achieving CDC. NM conditioning with either 200 cGy or 400 cGy TBI did not show a significant difference in rate of achieving T cell CDC as compared to MY conditioning with busulfan/cyclophosphamide without TBI. This may be related in part to the higher TNC and CD34+ cell doses in the NM AHSCT pts. However, the increased TBI doses utilized for MY conditioning may more effectively suppress anti-donor immune effector cells from the recipient, which resulted in the increased CDC compared to the NM200 group. In conclusion, post-transplant monitoring for T cell CDC is important in both MY and NM AHSCT to allow for immune manipulation to maintain a state of donor-host tolerance in order to prevent graft rejection.
Die Patellofemorale Instabilität (PFI)

Zusammenfassung Die PFI ist ein nicht seltenes Krankheitsbild am Kniegelenk. Es kann als Erstluxation oder chronische Instabilitat auftreten. Der haufigste Luxationsmechanismus ist uber eine strecknahe Belastung mit Valgusstress definiert und ist in verschiedenen Sportarten zu finden. Ligamentare, ossare und neuromuskulare Faktoren beeinflussen die Stabilitat der Patella. Eine gezielte Analyse der Verletzung und der Risikofaktoren kann durch eine strukturierte Diagnostik vorgenommen werden und dient als Grundlage einer differenzierten Therapie. Bei geringen Risikofaktoren kann diese konservativ mit speziellen Inhalten erfolgen. Sind chondrale Verletzungen vorhanden oder vermehrt Riskiofaktoren ermittelt worden, konnen operative Masnahmen notwendig sein. Eine Basistherapie stellt die MPFL Naht oder Rekonstruktion dar. In Abhangigkeit von weiteren Faktoren konnen erganzende Eingriffe wie Korrekturosteotomien oder eine Trochleaplastik angezeigt sein oder den Haupteingriff darstellen.
Stripping and Topless Complements

This article shows that stripping, the elision of declarative TPs, is possible not only in coordinate structures, but also in embedded clauses—however, only when the complementizer is absent. This Embedded Stripping Generalization is not predicted by earlier accounts of stripping, but it falls out from a certain combination of independently available assumptions. Specifically, I propose a zero Spell-Out view of ellipsis in a dynamic (or contextual) phasehood approach, which, together with the lack of a CP layer in that-less embedded clauses, derives this generalization in languages like English. I then briefly consider stripping in other languages and suggest that the analysis also has the flexibility to accommodate crosslinguistic differences in the distribution of stripping.
Automated dense neuronal fiber tracing and connectivity mapping at cellular level

With the advancement of high throughput and high resolution volumetric brain imaging, there is an unmet need to trace dense neuron fibers and study long-range neuron connectivity. An initial pipeline is described for processing cellular-level neuronal fiber data acquired by a new super resolution imaging method called Magnified Analysis of the Proteome (MAP). First, a multiscale vessel enhancement filter is applied to segment fibers of different diameters. Morphological operations are then employed to extract the fiber centerlines, from which a 3D connectivity map is computed. Applying this approach to an initial data set yielded 2% equal error rate for segmentation and 92% accuracy for end-to-end fiber tracing (22 out of 24 hand-traced fibers). Future work calls for scaling up the algorithm to process much larger brain datasets (terabytes and above) and performing graph-based long-range connectivity analysis. This work has the potential to extend our knowledge on brain networks at the cellular level.
Shape-Selective Intercalation Reactions and Chemical Sensing in Layered Metal Phosphates and Phosphonates

Layered phosphonates containing open metal coordination sites intercalate ligands such as ammonia and amines shape-selectively. As thin films on piezoelectric quartz crystals, these materials form the basis of sensitive and specific gas-phase chemical sensors for these ligands. Selective intercalation of chiral analytes has also been observed in layered metal phosphates that are pillared with chiral organic cations.
Student-Managed Portfolios: Wisdom of Independent Crowds?

This study uses a student-managed portfolio as a novel setting to examine the effect of crowd wisdom on investment decisions. Crowd wisdom is measured by peer voting at Drexel University’s Dragon Fund, where student managers vote to accept or reject each other’s recommendations. Based on a sample of 202 stock pitches between 2008 and 2016, the main finding is that accepted stocks significantly outperform rejected stocks. For example, accepted stocks returned 3.0% in excess of their corresponding sector benchmark during the 12 weeks following the recommendation, significantly higher than the negative 2.9% excess returns of rejected stocks. The results are robust to outliers and different evaluation horizons, are not due to size and book-to-market tilts, and cannot be explained by professional observers whose expertise might influence student votes.
The Role of Navigation Around Tumor Board Participation

A general multidisciplinary cancer conference or tumor board is one of the five foundations for the basic structure of an accredited cancer program by the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer (CoC) program accreditation. The navigator is an extended member of this team and often a core responsibility within a nurse navigator’s job description calls for the role of patient advocacy in tumor conference participation. A literature review to explore exactly what a navigator contributed to a cancer conference or tumor board revealed sparse comments in limited publications on the subject. The Academy of Oncology Nurse & Patient Navigators (AONN+) has conducted sessions on this topic at their annual conferences and website videos on navigators’ participation around tumor boards. To further clarify the role of a navigator around tumor board activities, AONN+ asked its members to reply to a survey titled Multidisciplinary Tumor Board Questionnaire in the spring of 2017. The results of this survey are shared in three phases of tumor board participation—case preparation, activities during the actual tumor board, and follow-up after the discussion. A discussion on CME activities, legal implications, navigator participation within their professional role boundaries, and metrics are also discussed. The navigator can proactively recognize the need for a tumor board consult, champion the unique needs of each patient during the discussion, promote adherence to planned treatment, and support patients during transitions of care regarding future issues related to treatment goals.
School Counselors and College Readiness Counseling

School counselors are vital to helping students become college ready. Professional organizations (i.e., American School Counselor Association, Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Pr...
Forearm and elbow injury: the influence of rotational position.

Background: The purpose of this study was to develop an axial loading forearm fracture model and to determine the influence of forearm rotation on the fracture pattern. Methods: Twenty-six cadaveric arms were thawed in saline solution. Pressure-sensitive film was sealed and was placed through a lateral arthrotomy into the radiocapitellar joint. The arm was potted at the proximal part of the humerus with the elbow in extension. Rotational range of motion was measured with use of a goniometer starting from a supinated position (0°). Specimens were placed in a vertical position at various angles of forearm rotation, and a 27-kg mass was raised to 90 cm and was dropped onto the distal part of the radius. The pressure film was removed and was analyzed to determine the radiocapitellar joint contact area following impact. Each arm was dissected, and the injury pattern was assessed. Results: Both-bone forearm fractures (proximal radial fractures with concomitant distal ulnar fractures) occurred at 5° ± 2.6° of rotation, isolated radial head fractures occurred at 44.4° ± 5.2° of rotation, and Essex-Lopresti fractures (radial head fractures with tearing of the interosseous membrane) occurred at 70° ± 25.2° of rotation. The distribution of Essex-Lopresti and radial head fractures was significantly different at a cutpoint of 54° of forearm rotation (p = 0.009), and the distribution of radial head fractures and both-bone forearm fractures was significantly different at a cutpoint of 10° of forearm rotation (p = 0.001). The percent contact area of the radial head varied with the injury pattern (p = 0.029). Marginal radial head fractures occurred at 46. 7° ± 6.6° of rotation with a contact area of 30.9% ± 8.6%, while comminuted radial head fractures occurred at 74.4° ± 27.2° of rotation with a contact area of 53.9% ± 8.3%. Conclusion: The amount of forearm rotation at the time of axial load impact directly influenced the injury pattern. Furthermore, the radial head contact area and the fracture severity increased in pronation compared with supination. Clinical Relevance: This model provides the basis for investigating the mechanisms involved in forearm and elbow trauma under the application of an axial impact load. Using this model, we established the relationship between rotation and the fracture pattern incurred by the forearm and radial head.
Chemicals from Methane

In previous discussions we studied a large percentage of important chemicals derived from methane. Those in the top 50 are listed in Table 12.1 and their syntheses are summarized in Fig. 12.1.
Implementation and Outcomes of Clinical Trials in Immune-Mediated Hearing Loss and Other Rare Diseases

Clinical trials for rare diseases can be challenging to design, meet targeted enrollment, and obtain sufficient evidence of efficacy for FDA labeling of new drugs to treat these orphan diseases. Autoimmune inner ear disease, and related diseases of immune mediated hearing loss are yet to be classified orphan diseases. In this chapter, we have addressed some of the unique challenges in designing clinical trials for Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease, Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss, Meniere’s Disease and Autoinflammatory Diseases.
Cell adhesion molecules and exercise.

Background An extensive systematic review was undertaken in the current literature in order to explore the role of different types and intensities of exercise in cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), one of the markers of vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. Methods Twenty-eight qualifying studies were extensively reviewed to examine the effects of different intensities (low-to-moderate vs. high) and types (aerobic vs. resistance) of exercise on intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and selectins. Results Low-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise favorably decreased CAMs in a variety of subject populations, while CAMs momentarily increased immediately following high-intensity aerobic exercise, which then returned to the pre-exercise level within several hours post-exercise. Resistance exercise, regardless of its intensity, did not significantly influence CAMs. Conclusion It is evident that the responses of CAMs are dependent upon the type and intensity of exercise performed. The most common, favorable outcome was a decrease in CAMs following low-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise, while high-intensity aerobic exercise showed a short-lived, momentary increase in CAMs, which returned to the pre-exercise level within a few hours post-exercise. Resistance exercise, regardless of its intensity, neither significantly increased nor decreased CAMs. Future studies should focus more on the role of exercise in both soluble and membrane-bound CAMs as well as proinflammatory cytokines related to atherosclerosis in order to develop specific exercise programing that can effectively improve vascular inflammation and endothelial health.
Inferring Latent Velocities from Weather Radar Data using Gaussian Processes

Archived data from the US network of weather radars hold detailed information about bird migration over the last 25 years, including very high-resolution partial measurements of velocity. Historically, most of this spatial resolution is discarded and velocities are summarized at a very small number of locations due to modeling and algorithmic limitations. This paper presents a Gaussian process (GP) model to reconstruct high-resolution full velocity fields across the entire US. The GP faithfully models all aspects of the problem in a single joint framework, including spatially random velocities, partial velocity measurements, station-specific geometries, measurement noise, and an ambiguity known as aliasing. We develop fast inference algorithms based on the FFT; to do so, we employ a creative use of Laplace's method to sidestep the fact that the kernel of the joint process is non-stationary.
Excitation energies of 3p 6 3d 2 D → 3p 5 3d 4s 4 P 0,4 D 0,4 F 0 transitions in the potassium isoelectronic sequence

Excitation energies of 3p 6 3d 2 D → 3p 5 3d 4s 4 P 0,4 D 0, and4 F 0 transitions in Cr5+, Mn6+, Fe7+, Co8+, Cu10+ and Zn11+ ions of the potassium isoelectronic sequence have been calculated using Hartree-Fock as well as configuration interaction wavefunctions within the L-S coupling framework. A comparison with available experimental data shows good agreement between measurements and theoretical predictions.
Social presence enhances student performance in an online geology course but depends on instructor facilitation

AbstractOnline courses can feel isolating and sometimes lack human connections that can motivate students. We developed a fully online geoscience course to build a ‘Community of Inquiry’ with atten...
Extracellular microRNAs initiate immunostimulation via activating toll-like receptor signaling pathways

Since the discovery of the stability of extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) in plasma and other body fluids about a decade ago, an increasing body of literature has addressed the function of extracellular miRNAs as novel regulators of gene expression. Although many of these studies have demonstrated that extracellular miRNAs modulate the target genes of recipient cells in a conventional base-pairing manner after exosome-mediated secretion and uptake of miRNAs, recent studies have shown that extracellular miRNAs can also play an unconventional role by rapidly modulating innate immunity and neuron excitation via directly binding to Toll-like receptors (TLRs). In this review, we will summarize the literature incremented from studying the direct activation of TLR signaling pathways by miRNAs and miRNA-like fragments in modulating immune responses.
Characterization of Ovarian Masses using Contrast-Enhanced Subharmonic Imaging

This clinical pilot study evaluated whether contrast-enhanced ultrasound subharmonic imaging (CEUS SHI) could be used to characterize indeterminate ovarian masses prior to surgical intervention. Ten women (with twelve lesions) scheduled for surgery of an ovarian mass underwent CEUS SHI examination of their pelvis using a modified Logiq E9 scanner (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA) with an endocavitary transducer. Patients first received a bolus injection of ultrasound contrast agent Definity (Lantheus Medical Imaging, N Billerica, MA, USA), while ultrasound imaging was continuously performed up to 5 minutes after contrast injection. Following a 10 minute wait to ensure contrast agent clearance from the circulation, patients received an infusion of 1.5 ml of Definity diluted in 25 ml of saline over 5 minutes. During this time, destruction/ replenishment CEUS SHI imaging was performed in multiple planes across the lesion. The contrast time intensity curves were created off-line to quantitatively evaluate CEUS SHI kinetic parameters, which were compared to the tissue histology of the lesion after surgery. Of the 12 lesions, 8 were benign and 4 were malignant. Qualitative analysis of CEUS SHI images by a radiologist with 15 years of CEUS experience demonstrated diagnostic accuracy (determined as the area under the ROC curve) of 70%, compared to 56% without contrast, while analysis by a radiologist with 6 months of experience only improved from 50% to 57%. Diagnostic accuracy of quantitative CEUS SHI kinetic parameters was as high as 81%. Malignant masses showed significantly higher peak contrast intensity (p = 0.046) and overall perfusion (p = 0.045) than benign lesions. These results suggest that CEUS SHI for pre-surgical characterization of ovarian lesions may improve determination of malignancy, albeit based on a small sample size.
Nurses and Antimicrobial Stewardship: Past, Present, and Future

Successful antimicrobial stewardship programs must be a truly collaborative multidisciplinary team effort. Nurses have critical contributions and are recognized more in publications about antimicrobial stewardship. Examination of patient care workflow patterns indicates the central role of nurses in the application of stewardship concepts in patient care. Education about antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship is important not only for nurses and other health care providers but also for the general public. Analysis of the health care workforce population shows the importance of integrating this largest segment of health care providers in the routine daily care of patients into all stewardship efforts.
Tying and Exclusion in FRAND Licensing: Evaluating Qualcomm

In an enforcement action brought by the Federal Trade Commission, a district court recently found that Qualcomm violated the antitrust laws by engaging in anticompetitive exclusive dealing and refusing to license its standard-essential patents (SEPs) to rivals. In this article, we unpack and evaluate three aspects of the Qualcomm decision. First, we describe how the tying relationship between chips and licenses goes primarily in the opposite direction of how most commentators characterize it. Second, we consider how Qualcomm’s commitments to license its SEPs on “fair, reasonable, and nondiscriminatory” (FRAND) terms bear on the antitrust analysis. Third, we discuss how FRAND might have been used to better justify finding an antitrust duty-to-deal with competitors.
Scaled Population Arithmetic for Efficient Stochastic Computing

We propose a new Scaled Population (SP) based arithmetic computation approach that achieves considerable improvements over existing stochastic computing (SC) techniques. First, SP arithmetic introduces scaling operations that significantly reduce the numerical errors as compared to SC. Experiments show accuracy improvements of a single multiplication and addition operation by $6. 3 \times $ and $4. 0 \times $, respectively. Secondly, SP arithmetic erases the inherent serialization associated with stochastic computing, thereby significantly improves the computational delays. We design each of the operations of SP arithmetic to take $\mathcal{O}$(1) gate delays, and eliminate the need of serially iterating over the bits of the population vector. Our SP approach improves the area, delay and power compared with conventional stochastic computing on an FPGA-based implementation. We also apply our SP scheme on a handwritten digit recognition application (MNIST), improving the recognition accuracy by 32.79% compared to SC.
Chapter 9 – Clinical Integration

This chapter takes the reader through various common clinical scenarios of problems with O2 and CO2 handling in the body. The relevant clinical signs and symptoms are explained and the basics of treatment are given.
Recipes for Mindfulness in Your Library: Supporting Resilience and Community Engagement

Recipes for Mindfulness in Your Library: Supporting Resilience and Community Engagement offers insightful information not only for librarians, but also for anyone who is looking to provide mindfulness programming to groups or organizations and for those who want to find ways to improve themselves through mindfulness techniques.
How do heat and flood risk drive residential green infrastructure implementation in Phoenix, Arizona?

Green infrastructure is an increasingly popular strategy to simultaneously address challenges associated with urbanization and global environmental change, including increased flooding and rising temperatures. While many cities aim to expand green infrastructure to deliver ecosystem services, their impacts will be limited without significant uptake on private property. Most studies and programs to date focus on public land, so little is known about what would motivate private residents to implement green infrastructure. This study addresses this gap, combining household survey and spatial data from the Phoenix metropolitan region in Arizona by examining what factors predict green infrastructure implementation, with a particular focus on flooding and heat risks. The results suggest that residents are generally aware of their relative exposure to these hazards, but their risk perceptions do not translate into increased implementation of green infrastructure. Prior experience of flood damage is a predictor of stormwater infrastructure implementation, but experience with heat did not impact planting vegetation to mitigate the effects of extreme temperatures. Instead, the decision to implement green infrastructure is likely constrained by limited capacity based on income and homeownership, which can impede people’s ability to make management decisions on private residential property. More research is needed to unpack the seemingly complex factors that shape residents’ decisions to implement green infrastructure on their property.
Cooperatives in New Orleans: collective action and urban development: by Anne Gessler, Jackson, University Press of Mississippi, 2020, 296 pp., ISBN 978-1-4968-2757-9

New Orleans has had multiple movements led by minorities, women, the working class, and immigrants that fought to dismantle food injustices by seeking out structural change. In Cooperatives in New ...