cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Start-Up of a Social Enterprise: Case Study of Lion's Thread Uganda

Social enterprises are emerging globally as economic approaches to solving problems in society. Social enterprises are hybrid companies that combine both non-profit and for-profit missions into one organization. There is limited literature on these nascent organizations, and the hybrid nature of these companies makes their management much more complicated. This case study research looked at the start-up phase of Lion’s Thread, a social enterprise with production operations in Uganda and sales in the United States (U.S.), to determine factors for progress. Collective action is seen as instrumental in the development of this social enterprise, as many individuals worked together to achieve the company’s progress. Effectuation was strongly present in this case where the solution is shaped based on the resources available in the local environment. Leaders of this social enterprise as they became embedded in the local environment and determined resource availability, recognized opportunities, worked with and restructured systems, and through a collective action approach, created social value. Lastly, we found in this bi-cultural context, adapting the performance goals and expectations of the social enterprise was needed.
On Weil's explicit formula

A program of proving the Riemann hypothesis by using the Fourier analysis on global fields is given by Connes (1999). The difficulty for realizing the program lies in proving the validity of Connes’ global trace formula on an L 2-space. In this paper, a new global trace formula is obtained on a Frechet space which gives the Weil distribution Δ(h).
A Life Cycle of a Thermophilic Organism.

Numerous investigators have described organisms capable of growing at 62°C. This is the accepted pasteurization temperature for milk. In all of the descriptions of such thermophilic phenomena, especially where milk is concerned, one characteristic has been quite apparent—that is, sharp rather than gradual increases in bacterial numbers. Our observations have been in accord with those described in the literature. Calculation of the generation time for these increases has disclosed values of 5 to 8 minutes. It was thought that such short generation times were in little accord with accepted views. The only alternative was to consider the phenomena as evidence of something other than growth. Spores are usually present at the same time vegetative cells appear in smears of milk. It has been assumed that these spores are germinating rather than that the vegetative cells are sporulating. If spores exist in milk which shows thermophilic growth they must be present in large numbers.In our experiments, milk diluted ...
Evaluation of a Two-Dose Regimen of Influenza A/New Jersey/76 Subunit Virus Vaccine in Three- to IO-Year-Old Children

Fifty-one Caucasian, middle-class children (aged three to 10 years) from the suburbs of Hartford, Connecticut, were immunized with two subcutaneous doses each of 200 chick cell-agglutinating units of influenza A/New Jersey/76 subunit virus vaccine/0.5 ml. The reactivity of the vaccine was negligible, and there was no increase in reactivity with a second dose. Administration of a single dose resulted in seroconversion in one-third of the subjects. Two weeks following the second dose, 84% of the children had reciprocal titers of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody of greater than or equal to 10, and the geometric mean titer was 51. There was no significant difference in antibody response according to age. We concluded that inoculation of two doses of subunit virus vaccine is a safe and effective means of inducing a significant antibody response. The levels of antibody required for protection and for duration of antibody response are not known.
Aging, Executive Function, and Human Factors

Over the past decade the role of executive function (ECF) in behavioral assessments has become well-known in the neurological and cognitive aging literature. With the exception of working memory, the assessment of ECF and situations that might enhance or detract from ECF have received little focus in human factors work. Part of this omission stems from a lack of understanding of the scope of ECF as it affects behavior, and lack of a well-known means of quickly assessing or screening for ECF failure. A framework for understanding ECF as it relates to human factors is presented and follows the acronym SOS-MOMMI. The discussion follows the role of selection, organization, sequencing, monitoring, mentoring (self), working memory, and inhibition as components of the ECF system that are affected by age, fatigue, stress, depression, and alcohol use. Examples of ECF failures and conditions that produce them are discussed as well as brief screens that can be used to gather data to assess ECF
Levels of Organization in Formal and Informal Events

Summary.-Subjects found similarities among seven levels of organization within two formal and two informal collections of human events. Levels of organization included body-parts, movement, behavior, aaion, disposition, relationship, and grouping. Similarity-difference judgments were made within sets of three event-descriptions combining adjacent levels of organization. With comparisons involving higher levels, subjects were less likely to select the higher of two intended simi1ar:cies. Subjects also showed a preference for similarities based on action. Female, better educated, and nonathletic subjects were relatively more likely to seIect the higher of adjacent-level similarities. Decreases in the likelihood of firding the higher similarities across higher and higherlevel comparisons were monotonic for informal events but nonmonotonic for formal events; on the average, subjects were less likely to find the higher-level similarities in comparis3ns drawn from formal events. Results are discussed in terms of changes in ability to differentiate levels of organization across different, but multi-leveled kinds of events. Human adults, in their complex personal and social lives, function on and distinguish among different levels of objects and events. Effective functioning is tied to the adaptive categorization of these objects and events. Previous research has concerned low-level abilities to categorize simple na~al objects (Rosch & Lloyd, 1978), and this research is increasingly being extended to broader and more inclusive domains, like environmental scenes (Tversky & Hemenway, 1983 ) and personality dispositions (Buss & Craik, 1983). Nevertheless, the research has focused on only one variety of classification, the inclusion of objects or events in abstract categories. It has also been limited to the organization of categories within the domains addressed and does not bear on the relationships berween such domains.
Metal cation dependence of interactions with amino acids: bond energies of Rb+ and Cs+ to Met, Phe, Tyr, and Trp.

The interactions of rubidium and cesium cations with four amino acids (AA) including methionine (Met), phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), and tryptophan (Trp) are examined in detail. Experimental...
Immunotherapy and genitourinary neoplasia.

SUMMARY An overview of these results gives the impression that immunotherapy has at best achieved only limited success in the management of neoplasia. Several factors may account for this. First, most attempts have involved direct manipulation of only one of many immune response mechanisms while disregarding their various interactions both between themselves and the developing tumor. In reality, however, such manipulation may actually evoke many, often competitive responses. Only now are we becoming aware of this complexity. Clearly, the checks and balances that influence the final expression of these effects, and the response of the tumor as well in modifying or abrogating host defense mechanisms, must be taken into account in the design of any immunotherapy approach. In addition, there is increasing evidence that cells in a particular tumor are heterogeneous and probably polyclonal. 45 The possible existence of both antigenic heterogeneity and heterogeneous susceptibility to cytolysis by immune response mechanisms may introduce a degree of complexity for both recognition and effector aspects of immune reactivity that is difficult if not impossible to surmount by presently available immunotherapeutic techniques. Finally, it is likely that antigenicity, immunogenicity, and biologic behavior may vary between different tumors in different patients. Moreover, patients themselves may vary in their immunologic capability in general and specifically in relation to their developing tumor. Methods that are presently available for classification of tumors according to their immunogenicity and potential response to immunotherapy as well as for classification of patients according to the effectiveness of their immune response reactivity are presently undeveloped. Such factors, however, warrant study if appropriate application of immunologic intervention is to become clinically useful. The design of future investigations must take into account considerations such as these and recognize as well the necessity to conduct randomized prospective trials of such approaches because of the unpredictable natural history of tumor behavior in an individual patient. Certainly, clinical failures due to distant metastatic disease imply the urgent need for the development of effective systemic therapy in order to successfully assist regional surgery in the containment of developing tumors, and to provide a means whereby already disseminated disease can be abolished.
Molecular epidemiology study on an acute gastroenteritis outbreak caused by a new GII. 4 norovirus recombinant strain

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of an acute gastroenteritis outbreak in a nursing home caused by norovirus (NoV) and the genotype of the pathogen.Methods On January 29th 2013,a total of 26 acute gastroenteritis patients infected by norovirus were reported in the nursing home of Jinshan,Shanghai.A questionnaire was used to acquire information of patients involved in the outbreak,9 stool or anal swab samples were collected from 9 patients without treatment by simple random sampling method,and 4 environmental samples from the surface of doorknobs or toilets were collected.The samples were detected by Real-time PCR for NoV,and positive samples were then amplified by routine RT-PCR.The PCR products were purified,sequenced,and aligned by comparing sequences in GenBank.Phylogenetic trees were constructed by using Clustal X,employing MEGA 5.1 program package.Results For the 26 patients,7 were men and 19 were women.8 samples were found NoV positive among the 13 samples when detected by real-time PCR.The sequence alignment showed that the nucleotide sequence homology between Jinshan08 and Jinshan12 strain which obtained sequencing signal was 100％.The phylogenetic analysis revealed that Jinshan08,Jinshan12 and G Ⅱ.e/NV2634/BCN/Spain/2008 strains in the RdRp region were on the the same branch of evolutionary tree,the confidence level was 99％,and in the N/S region of the Capsid,2 other strains and Lordsdal strain were in the same branch,the confidence level was 97％.Conclusion It was confirmed that the acute gastroenteritis outbreak was caused by the new GⅡ.4 NoV recombinant. Key words: Norovirus; Gastroenteritis; Genes; Outbreak; Recombinant
Economic considerations in management of complicated urinary tract infections.

I discuss the use of ciprofloxacin, a member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterials. Such use can contribute to lower pharmacy costs, decreased hospital length of stay, and even reduced need for hospitalization in patients with complicated urinary tract infections, including those acquired during hospitalization
Somatic syndromes and chronic pain in women with overactive bladder.

Mechanisms underlying pain perception and afferent hypersensitivity, such as central sensitization, may impact overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms. However, little is known about associations between OAB symptom severity, pain experience, and presence of comorbid chronic pain syndromes. This study examined relationships between OAB symptoms, somatic symptoms, and specific chronic pain conditions in which central sensitization is believed to play a primary role, in a community-based sample of adult women with OAB.We recruited adult women with OAB to complete questionnaires assessing urinary symptoms, pain and somatic symptoms, and preexisting diagnoses of central sensitivity syndromes. We analyzed the effects of overall bodily pain intensity, general somatic symptoms, and diagnoses of central sensitivity syndromes on OAB symptom bother and health-related quality of life.Of the 116 women in this study, over half (54%) stated their urge to urinate was associated with pain, pressure, or discomfort. Participants reported a wide range of OAB symptoms and health-related quality of life. There was a significant, positive correlation between OAB symptoms and somatic symptoms as well as overall pain intensity. Only 7% of women met diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia; yet these women demonstrated significantly increased OAB symptom burden and decreased OAB quality of life compared to those without fibromyalgia.Women with more severe OAB symptoms reported increased general somatic symptom burden and increased overall body pain intensity, especially women with fibromyalgia. These findings suggest that attributes of pain and co-morbidity with chronic pain conditions may impact the experience of OAB symptoms for many women. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:1113-1118, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reid's Analysis of Perception: The Standard Schema

Reid never doubted that sensations are an ingredient of perception. The having of sensations is not sufficient for perception, however. In Reid's words, “if nature had given us nothing more than impressions made upon the body, and sensations in our minds corresponding to them, we should in that case have been merely sentient, but not percipient beings.” Hinting at his own analysis of perception, Reid continues: “We should never have been able to form a conception of any external object, far less a belief of its existence” (IHM VI, xxi [187b; B 176]). As we saw earlier, Reid is convinced that “All the systems of philosophers about our senses and their objects have split upon this rock, of not distinguishing properly sensations which can have no existence but when they are felt, from the things suggested by them” (IHM V, viii [130b–131a; B 72–3]). Perception occurs when one's environment is represented to one as being a certain way – perceptually represented, of course. It occurs when one's experience is objectivated – to use terminology from Kant's Prolegomena . In perception one leaves behind the confines of one's own mind and brings one's spatial environment into the picture. One brings it into mind not by drawing inferences about it but by representing it as being a certain way – or better by its being represented to one as being a certain way.
Lessons from Digestive-Tract Symbioses Between Bacteria and Invertebrates.

In most animals, digestive tracts harbor the greatest number of bacteria in the animal that contribute to its health: by aiding in the digestion of nutrients, provisioning essential nutrients and protecting against colonization by pathogens. Invertebrates have been used to enhance our understanding of metabolic processes and microbe-host interactions owing to experimental advantages. This review describes how advances in DNA sequencing technologies have dramatically altered how researchers investigate microbe-host interactions, including 16S rRNA gene surveys, metagenome experiments, and metatranscriptome studies. Advantages and challenges of each of these approaches are described herein. Hypotheses generated through omics studies can be directly tested using site-directed mutagenesis, and findings from transposon studies and site-directed experiments are presented. Finally, unique structural aspects of invertebrate digestive tracts that contribute to symbiont specificity are presented. The combination of...
The Interaction of Melittin with Dimyristoyl Phosphatidylcholine-Dimyristoyl Phosphatidylserine Lipid Bilayer Membranes

Membrane-active peptides (MAPs), which interact directly with the lipid bilayer of a cell and include toxins and host defense peptides, display lipid composition-dependent activity. Phosphatidylserine (PS) lipids are anionic lipids that are found throughout the cellular membranes of most eukaryotic organisms where they serve as both a functional component and as a precursor to phosphatidylethanolamine lipids. The inner leaflet of the plasma membrane contains more PS than the outer one, and the asymmetry is actively maintained. Here, the impact of the MAP melittin on the structure of lipid bilayer vesicles made of a mixture of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine was studied. Small-angle neutron scattering of the MAP associated with selectively deuterium-labeled lipid bilayer vesicles revealed how the thickness and lipid composition of phosphatidylserine-containing vesicles change in response to melittin. The peptide thickens the lipid bilayer for concentrations up to P/L=1/500, but membrane thinning results when P/L=1/200. The thickness transition is accompanied by a large change in the distribution of DMPS between the leaflets of the bilayer. The change in composition is driven by electrostatic interactions, while the change in bilayer thickness is driven by changes in the interaction of the peptide with the headgroup region of the lipid bilayer. The results provide new information about lipid-specific interactions that take place in mixed composition lipid bilayer membranes.
On the origin of third harmonic light from hybrid metal-dielectric nanoantennas

Near field amplification of electric fields magnifies the nonlinear optical signals generated in the metal volume of plasmonic nanoantennas, as well as in the surrounding media. We investigate the third harmonic light emitted by a hybrid nanoantenna composed of two metallic rods separated by a small gap filled with a dielectric. Despite the large cubic nonlinear susceptibility of metals, the presence of a hot spot in the antenna's gap may easily transform weaker dielectric nonlinearities into the dominant source of third harmonic light. This has led to diverse and sometimes opposite interpretations of the nature of the nonlinear response, which are further complicated by the limited knowledge of the intrinsic nonlinear susceptibilities of the constituent materials. Here, a quantitative description of third harmonic generation is provided as a function of the ratio between the dielectric and the metal nonlinear susceptibilities in a hybrid metal-dielectric nanoantenna. We find a spectral discriminator that allows us to determine the origin of third harmonic light unambiguously.
Polyenergetic Known-Component Reconstruction without Prior Shape Models.

Purpose: Previous work has demonstrated that structural models of surgical tools and implants can be integrated into model-based CT reconstruction to greatly reduce metal artifacts and improve image quality. This work extends a polyenergetic formulation of known-component reconstruction (Poly-KCR) by removing the requirement that a physical model (e.g. CAD drawing) be known a priori , permitting much more widespread application. Methods: We adopt a single-threshold segmentation technique with the help of morphological structuring elements to build a shape model of metal components in a patient scan based on initial filtered-backprojection (FBP) reconstruction. This shape model is used as an input to Poly-KCR, a formulation of known-component reconstruction that does not require a prior knowledge of beam quality or component material composition. An investigation of performance as a function of segmentation thresholds is performed in simulation studies, and qualitative comparisons to Poly-KCR with an a priori shape model are made using physical CBCT data of an implanted cadaver and in patient data from a prototype extremities scanner. Results: We find that model-free Poly-KCR (MF-Poly-KCR) provides much better image quality compared to conventional reconstruction techniques (e.g. FBP). Moreover, the performance closely approximates that of Poly- KCR with an a prior shape model. In simulation studies, we find that imaging performance generally follows segmentation accuracy with slight under- or over-estimation based on the shape of the implant. In both simulation and physical data studies we find that the proposed approach can remove most of the blooming and streak artifacts around the component permitting visualization of the surrounding soft-tissues. Conclusion: This work shows that it is possible to perform known-component reconstruction without prior knowledge of the known component. In conjunction with the Poly-KCR technique that does not require knowledge of beam quality or material composition, very little needs to be known about the metal implant and system beforehand. These generalizations will allow more widespread application of KCR techniques in real patient studies where the information of surgical tools and implants is limited or not available.
EQUITY AND PREMARITAL SEX

Supposedly, Equity is a general theory which applies to all human relations. Yet, the theory has never been tested in deeply intimate settings. This study was designed to determine whether formal Equity theory can give us insight into dating couples' intimate romantic and sexual relationships. We proposed that if people feel they are getting less from a relationship than they deserve, they feel entitled to "call the shots" sexually. In light of the double standard, we expected undcrbenelited men to demand that their partners go fairly far, sexually. In contrast, we expected underbenefited women to insist that their partners wait until they are ready for sex—and that may be a long wait. (In brief, we expected the subject's sex and the equity of a relationship Is subject underbenefited? equitably treated? overbenefited? | to interact in determining how far a couple goes sexually.) Our hypotheses were not confirmed. Couples were most intimate in the equitable relationships. Presumably, Equity is a general theory. Presumably,, Equity principles steer all human interactions (see Berkowitz & Walster, 1976). Thus far, Equity theory has been applied to predict men's and women's reactions in such diverse interactions as employer/empl oyee relations, exploiter/victim relations, philanthropist/recipient relations, and the like. (See Walster, Walster, & Berscheid, 1978, for a comprehensive review of this research.) Equity theory has proved to be surprisingly successful in predicting men's and women's reactions in such casual interactions. Is Equity theory equally successful in predicting people's reactions to deeply intimate interactions? Surprisingly, we do not know. Tt is only within the last year that researchers have begun to determine whether equity principles guide the interactions of sweethearts, married couples, and extramarital lovers (see Walster, Utne, & Traupmann, in press; Walster, Walster, & Berscheid, 1978). The present study was dc
Oral Health: Basic Tenets for a Healthy, Productive Life.

The author discusses the impact of oral health disparities on the physical, mental and social well-being of poor and minority citizens in the U.S. Topics include the need for a more diverse health workforce in order to better respond to the changing demographics of the U.S., the integration of oral health care with overall health care, and the need for comprehensive access to oral health care and preventive services.
Entertainment for the Mind, Body and Spirit

Our society is unhealthy. From being overweight to having high blood pressure and more, Western culture has so many vehicles at its fingertips to make its citizens healthier, especially, regarding preventable diseases. Yet, people do not take advantage of them, nor has society figured out the magic formula to effectively communicate health messages to its citizens. This chapter examines the impact of ‘health edu-tainment,’ which is programming and content that is designed to educate and entertain simultaneously. The chapter discusses this communications strategy by featuring popular health edu-tainment in the media and other channels in the United States. With the tremendous reliance on media to entertain and inform us, from smartphones and apps to Twitter and Netflix, perhaps it is the right balance of entertainment and education that will make our society healthier.
Groundsel Bush (Baccharis halimifolia) Extract Promotes Adipocyte Differentiation In Vitro and Increases Adiponectin Expression in Mature Adipocytes

An ethanolic extract of Baccharis halimifolia (groundsel bush, GB), which is a native Louisiana plant with documented use in Creole folk medicine, has been shown to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in cultured macrophages. Here, we examine the effects of GB on adipocyte development and function, as these processes are attractive targets for intervention in insulin resistance. Oil Red O neutral lipid staining, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and immunoblotting were used to measure GB effects on lipid accumulation, gene expression, and protein abundance, respectively. In differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes, GB enhanced lipid accumulation and increased expression of several adipogenic genes (GLUT4, aP2, ADPN, CEBPα, FAS, and PPARγ). Protein levels of two of these adipogenic markers (aP2 and adiponectin) were examined and found to be induced by GB treatment. In mature adipocytes, GB reduced the gene expression of resistin, a pro-inflammatory endocrine factor, increased the adiponectin protein levels in a time-dependent manner, and substantially attenuated the TNF-alpha-induced reduction in adiponectin. In macrophages, GB reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes that were induced by LPS. GB produces metabolically favorable changes in differentiating adipocytes, mature adipocytes, and macrophages in vitro, suggesting its potential use as a dietary supplement or nutraceutical to support metabolic health and resiliency.
Overlay control for 7nm technology node and beyond

We demonstrate high volume manufacturing feasibility of 7 nm technology overlay correction requirement. This stateof- the-art overlay control is achieved by (i) overlay sampling optimization and advanced modeling, (ii) alignment and advanced process control optimization, (iii) multiple target overlay optimization, and (iv) heating control. We will also discuss further improvements in overlay control for 7 nm technology node and beyond including computational metrology, extreme ultraviolet and optic tools overlay matching control, high order alignment correction, tool stability improvement, and advanced heating control.
The Mechanism of Action of Folic Acid Antagonists

The folic acid antagonists enjoy a unique place in cancer chemotherapy (Holland, 1961). Aminopterin was the first designed antimetabolite which provided significant regression of a neoplasm, acute lymphocytic leukemia in children (Farber et al., 1948). Nearly ten years ago, in October 1955, methotrexate was first demonstrated to possess activity which has subsequently proved curative in a majority of trophoblastic neoplasms (Li et al., 1956).
Dynamics of Ludwigia hexapetala Invasion at three Spatial Scales in a Regulated River

Management of riverine ecosystems often requires mitigation of alien plant invasions. Understanding how environmental variation within watersheds influences distribution and spread of invasive plants is essential for restoration of impacted ecological functions. Ludwigia hexapetala, an emergent macrophyte from South America, has aggressively invaded wetlands in many regulated rivers. Its clonal fragments disperse by hydrochory, but factors associated with population expansion are unknown. In a four-year study, we measured the distribution and abundance of L. hexapetala and associated environmental variables at three spatial scales in the Russian River, California. Results suggest individual population patches expanded where available light and aqueous phosphorus were somewhat elevated relative to uninvaded areas. Invaded patches did not expand unabated; greatest expansion occurred in the middle river (up to 37%) and lower river (up to 88%). In contrast, up to 20% contraction of invasive patches occurred locally above seasonal instream impoundments. At reach and watershed region scales, increasing variability in hydrologic variables correlated with patch structure and spatial dynamics of the invasion. L. hexapetala was most abundant in areas with high relative variation in flow. These findings provide the foundation for development of spatially-prioritized integrated hydrologic and invasive plant management strategies that could improve ecological restoration outcomes.
Single Low-Dose Injection of Evans Blue Modified PSMA-617 Radioligand Therapy Eliminates Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positive Tumors

Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumor in men worldwide. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a surface molecule specifically expressed by prostate tumors that has been shown to be a valid target for internal radionuclide therapy in both preclinical and clinical settings. The most common radiotherapeutic agent is the small molecule 177Lu-PSMA-617, which is under clinical evaluation in multiple countries. Nevertheless, its efficacy in causing tumor regression is still suboptimal, even when administered in several cycles per patient, perhaps due to poor pharmacokinetics (PK), which limits uptake by the tumor cells. We postulated that the addition of the Evans blue (EB) moiety to PSMA-617 would improve the PK by extending circulation half-life, which would increase tumor uptake and improve radiotherapeutic efficacy. PSMA-617 was modified by conjugation of a 2-thiol acetate group onto the primary amine and thereafter reacted with a maleimide functional group of an EB derivative, to give EB-PSMA-617. The PK and radiotherapeutic efficacy of 90Y- or 177Lu-EB-PSMA-617 was compared to the clinically used radiopharmaceutical 90Y- or 177Lu- PSMA-617 in PC3-PIP tumor-bearing mice. EB-PSMA-617 retained binding to serum albumin as well as a high internalization rate by tumor cells. Upon injection, metal-labeled EB-PSMA-617 demonstrated an extended blood half-life compared to PSMA-617 and, thereby, prolonged the time window for binding to PSMA. The improved PK of EB-PSMA-617 resulted in significantly higher accumulation in PSMA+ tumors and highly effective radiotherapeutic efficacy. Remarkably, a single dose of 1.85 MBq of 90Y- or 177Lu-EB-PSMA-617 was sufficient to eradicate established PMSA+ tumors in mice. No significant body weight loss was observed, suggesting little to no gross toxicity. The construct described here, EB-PSMA-617, may improve the radiotherapeutic efficacy for patients with PSMA-positive tumors by reducing both the amount of activity needed for therapy as well as the frequency of administration, as compared to PSMA-617.
Comparison of the Davies and Gray titrimetric method with potassium dichromate and ceric titrants

The modified New Brunswick Laboratory (NBL) Davies and Gray titrimetry method uses potassium dichromate standard 136-f from the National Institute of Standards and Technology for calibration. However, the presence of chromium in the resulting waste stream makes the disposal of waste from this procedure costly. The Actinide Analytical Chemistry (C-AAC) group at Los Alamos National Laboratory investigated and transitioned to a cerium based titrant as an alternative. We present the first long-term analytical study using this ceric-based titration method and compare it with NBL results based on the more-widely used dichromate titrimetric method.
Further support for diagnostically meaningful ARFID symptom presentations in an adolescent medicine partial hospitalization program.

Objective To identify potential presentations of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) in a pediatric eating disorder partial hospitalization program (PHP) based on the nature of the eating restriction leading to core symptoms of ARFID. Method A retrospective chart review of 83 patients ages 8-17 admitted to a PHP and diagnosed with ARFID. Charts were independently reviewed by two coders, with high inter-rater agreement (κ = 0.77). Distinct categories were identified and groups were compared on demographics, anthropometrics, comorbid psychopathology, and core ARFID symptoms. Results We identified cases characterized by predominantly selective eating based on aversions to the sensory properties of foods, lack of interest in eating/low appetite, and fear of aversive consequences from eating. We also distinguished a subset of patients with eating restrictions consistent with both selectivity and limited interest/appetite. The four primary ARFID presentation groups differed on core ARFID criteria, symptom trajectory and illness duration, mood and medical comorbidities, age, gender, and parent-reported symptoms of psychopathology. Discussion The present findings suggest that there are diagnostically meaningful ARFID subtypes that can be differentiated based on the nature of their eating restrictions, as well as other demographic, illness history features, and psychiatric comorbidity. As treatments for youth with ARFID are developed and refined, it will be important to take into consideration not only demographic differences, but also the variability in symptoms, as this might require distinct interventions and levels of care. Additionally, differing mechanisms that maintain different types of eating restrictions might necessitate unique psychological and psychiatric interventions.
The smoking behaviors of incarcerated smokers

To determine smoking behaviors, quit attempts, and cessation preferences among incarcerated smokers, a cross-sectional survey was given to a sample of inmates from three state prison facilities in ...
Pre-operative MRI predictors of hormonal remission status post pituitary adenoma resection.

Abstract Introduction Contrast-enhanced (CE) Constructive Interference in Steady State (CISS) and Volumetric Interpolated Breath-hold Examination (VIBE) are MRI sequences used to improve the detection of pituitary adenomas and adjacent cranial nerves. The purpose of this study was to assess image quality and identify imaging predictors of postoperative hormonal remission of functioning pituitary adenomas using CE-T1 weighted image (WI), T2WI, CE-CISS, and CE-VIBE MRI sequences. Materials and methods Patients with pre-operative CE-T1WI, T2WI, CE-CISS, and CE-VIBE pituitary MRI sequences were included in this institutional retrospective review. Three raters independently reviewed randomized sequences in a blinded fashion for adenoma characteristics and parasellar invasion. Subgroup analysis of hormonal remission was performed. Results A total of 34 functioning pituitary adenoma patients were included (average age 39.3 ± 12.2; female n = 27), 30 of which had post-operative hormonal remission (n = 34; 88.2%). Compared to CE-T1WI, CE-CISS has significantly higher number of sequences rated “good” image quality (p = 0.02). Hormone remission was associated with decreased degrees of pre-operative internal carotid artery (ICA) contact and Knosp score (p ≤ 0.02) on all sequences except for Knosp score on T2WI. On receiver operating characteristic analysis, the area under curve for differentiating endocrine remission ranged from 0.88 to 0.92 for Knosp score and 0.85–0.93 for ICA contact, depending on sequence. Conclusion Extent of pituitary adenoma cavernous sinus invasion as measured by degrees of ICA contact and Knosp score is associated with postoperative endocrine outcomes. Given improved image quality, inclusion of CE-CISS may be helpful for pre-surgical planning.
Investigating the influential factors of return channel loyalty in omni-channel retailing

Abstract The ever-evolving omni-channel retail environment provides customers with a variety of channels to select from when making purchases and returns. Despite the growing number of product returns, there is limited research that focuses on customers' perception of the return process in an omni-channel retail environment. To fill this gap, via an empirical analysis, this paper examines the influential factors on customers' return channel loyalty. Our structural equation modeling results found that perceived risk, purchase-return channel consistency, monetary cost, and hassle cost influence customers' return channel loyalty. Comparatively, perceived risk has the highest impact on customers' return channel loyalty. Additionally, hassle cost has more influence than monetary cost on customers' return channel loyalty. We also found that both internal (ambiguity tolerance, patience, and familiarity) and external (return policy flexibility) factors influence customers' perceived risk. Comparatively, channel familiarity has a higher influence on reducing customers' perceived risk compared with patience and the channel's return policy flexibility. Understanding customers' perceptions of a return channel is the first step in the implementation of an effective return management strategy in an omni-channel retail environment. This first step will provide retailers with opportunities to better understand the needs of targeted customers, offer improved post-sales services, and optimize their handling of product returns.
Partially Ionized Beam Growth of Tungsten Oxide Nanowires by Oblique Angle Deposition

Tungsten oxide flux from an electron-beam evaporation source was partially ionized through electron bombardment. The positive ions travel through an electric field established by a pair of electrodes with applied voltage Va and are accelerated toward the substrates positioned at an oblique incident angle of 85° with respect to substrate normal. Uniform and well-aligned nanowires were formed with a tilt angle of 50° measured from the substrate normal as observed in scanning electron microscope images. The lengths and heights of nanowires shrink with the introduction of energetic ions in the deposition vapor, which are accelerated toward the substrate by a voltage higher than 2 kV. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the nanowire samples revealed that the crystal growth was promoted by the partially ionized tungsten oxides. The main XRD peak can be related to the [022] crystallographic planes of the β-phase tungsten oxide (β-WO3) in the orthorhombic structure. The intensity of the [022] diffraction peak inc...
Mass production of a trigger data serializer ASIC for the upgrade of the muon spectrometer at the ATLAS experiment

Abstract The Trigger Data Serializer (TDS) is a custom ASIC designed for the upgrade of the innermost station of the endcap ATLAS Muon spectrometer. It is a mixed-signal chip with two working modes that can handle up to 128 detector channels. A total of 6000 TDS ASICs have been produced for detector operation. This paper discusses a custom automatic test platform we developed to provide quality control of the TDS ASICs. We introduce the design, illustrate the test procedures, and discuss the experimental results.
Association of Lactase Persistence Genotypes (rs4988235) and Ethnicity with Dairy Intake in a Healthy U.S. Population

Lactase persistence (LP) is a trait in which lactose can be digested throughout adulthood, while lactase non-persistence (LNP) can cause lactose intolerance and influence dairy consumption. One single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP ID: rs4988235) is often used as a predictor for dairy intake, since it is responsible for LP in people in European descent, and can occur in other ethnic groups. The objective of this study was to determine whether rs4988235 genotypes and ethnicity influence reported dairy consumption in the United States (U.S.). A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and multiple Automated Self-Administered 24-h recalls (ASA24®) were used to measure habitual and recent intake, respectively, of total dairy, cheese, cow’s milk, plant-based alternative milk, and yogurt in a multi-ethnic U.S. cohort genotyped for rs4988235. Within Caucasian subjects, LP individuals reported consuming more recent total dairy and habitual total cow’s milk intake. For subjects of all ethnicities, LP individuals consumed more cheese (FFQ p = 0.043, ASA24 p = 0.012) and recent total dairy (ASA24 p = 0.005). For both dietary assessments, Caucasians consumed more cheese than all non-Caucasians (FFQ p = 0.036, ASA24 p = 0.002) independent of genotype, as well as more recent intake of yogurt (ASA24 p = 0.042). LP subjects consumed more total cow’s milk than LNP, but only when accounting for whether subjects were Caucasian or not (FFQ p = 0.015). Fluid milk and alternative plant-based milk consumption were not associated with genotypes or ethnicity. Our results show that both LP genotype and ethnicity influence the intake of some dairy products in a multi-ethnic U.S. cohort, but the ability of rs4988235 genotypes to predict intake may depend on ethnic background, the specific dairy product, and whether intake is reported on a habitual or recent basis. Therefore, ethnicity and the dietary assessment method should also be considered when determining the suitability of rs4988235 as a proxy for dairy intake.
Abstract P132: Differential and Sex Dependent Expression of Vasopressin Receptors by B Cells, NK Cells, and Dendritic Cells

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been shown to play a role in preeclampsia, a hypertensive and immune-mediated disorder in pregnancy. Chronic infusion of AVP during gestation into wild-type mice resu...
Cadaver Measurement Results Using Ultra-flexible Electro-textile MRI RF Coil

Current surface Radio Frequency (RF) coils used for neck Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) have two major issues: uncomfortable patients experience and low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). An ultra-flexible 4-channel receive-only RF coil array for neck imaging was designed and tested in this work using electro-textile material. The flexibility of the material is similar to normal clothes thus leading to considerable ergonomic benefit. The SNR at 3 cm is 5.5 times higher than a standard surface array coil. Cadaver images acquired using the new ultra-flexible coil had good depiction of anatomical features of arteries and muscles with high SNR and the resolution of 1mm × 1mm.
On the ambidirectionality of Thai mid-scale predicates: How to get more "warm" by getting less "hot"

This paper presents new data on the semantic interaction between gradable predicates and the Thai particle kʰuen . When the particle composes with rɔm (hot) and nâ:w (cold), it describes temperature increases and decreases, respectively, in much the same way as English get hotter and get colder . However, when it composes with so-called mid-scale predicates like ʔun (warm), it can describe increases or decreases, as long as the change is toward temperatures described as ʔun (warm). We first consider two types of analyses where (i) ʔun has an inherent central orientation much like English mild or (ii) kʰuen describes changes oriented toward the threshold of the gradable predicate it combines with. We argue against analyses of type (i) and (ii) and show that they predict unattested interpretations.
Detailed modeling of a small-scale turbulent pool fire

Abstract Turbulent pool fires have been studied as a canonical configuration in fire science with wide interest. A numerical study of a small-scale turbulent heptane pool fire is conducted in the present study to understand the interactions and coupling among turbulence, chemistry, soot, and radiation in pool fires. A Monte Carlo ray tracing based radiation solver, with line-by-line spectral models for five gaseous species and soot, is coupled with a fireFOAM-based reacting flow solver to describe the dynamics of the target fire. A 33-species skeletal mechanism is employed to describe the finite-rate chemistry. A two-equation soot model with C2H2 based inception model is incorporated to describe soot dynamics. Turbulence is resolved by the computational grid to avoid the uncertainties in modeling the sub-grid scale stress and turbulence-chemistry-radiation interactions. The computed radiative heat fluxes are directly compared with experimental signals and good agreement is observed. Rarely compared in the literature, the line-of-sight spectral distribution of the emissive power is computed and compared with experimental measurements with excellent match in the 4300 nm CO2-dominant emissive peak. A secondary emissive peak near 3300 nm is absent from the numerical results, which can be attributed to experimental uncertainties and/or insufficient representation of the C-H stretching bonds in the radiation spectral model. The instantaneous flame structures show the presence of abundant hydrocarbon molecules as fuel pyrolysis products. A detailed examination of the chemical and radiative source terms reveals the disproportionate relation between these two source terms, especially when soot is present. Soot radiation is largely optically thin while gas radiation is much thicker in optical depth, as a result of the spatial structures of the flame and the non-grey interactions between gas and soot. With the abundant information provided by the detailed simulation in this study, models for turbulence-chemistry-radiation interactions will be derived in future work.
The Origins of the Syrian Conflict: Climate Change and Human Security

Does climate change cause conflict? Did it cause the Syrian uprising? Some policymakers and academics have made this claim, but is it true? This study presents a new conceptual framework to evaluate this claim. Contributing to scholarship in the fields of critical security, environmental security, human security, and Arab politics, Marwa Daoudy prioritizes non-Western and marginalized perspectives to make sense of Syria's place in this international debate. Designing an innovative multidisciplinary framework and applying it to the Syrian case, Daoudy uses extensive field research and her own personal background as a Syrian scholar to present primary interviews with Syrian government officials and citizens, as well as the research of domestic Syrian experts, to provide a unique insight into Syria's environmental, economic and social vulnerabilities leading up to the 2011 uprising.
“Stick to Sports” is Gone: A Field Theory Analysis of Sports Journalists’ Coverage of Socio-political Issues

Sports journalists in the ‘60s and ‘70s had a seat to sports icons who changed the social status quo and some reporters wrote freely about those issues. But as top athletes took a nearly 40-year hi...
Retroperitoneoscopic Left Adrenalectomy

Abstract Introduction: Pheochromocytomas are catecholamine secreting neuroendocrine tumors most often arising from the adrenal medulla. They can often present with symptoms such as anxiety/panic at...
Socioeconomic status variables contribute to the disparities in female triple negative breast cancer outcome in the United States, 2011-2015: A population study based on NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database.

6521Background: Cancer disparities pertinent to socioeconomic status (SES) still exist in the American healthcare system. How SES variables impact the outcome of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC...
“Where do these chemicals come from?” Tracing-back chemical exposures to consumer products

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Non-targeted analysis has enabled us to screen biological samples for a broad spectrum of chemical compounds that would otherwise remain undetected with traditional targeted ana...
Effects of Adolescent Nicotine Exposure on Adult Cocaine Reward, Aversion and Self-Administration

These studies examined adolescent nicotine preexposure effects on the rewarding and aversive effects of adult cocaine use and the relationship of these changes to self-administration. In Experiment...