cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perylene-diimide-based n-type semiconductors with enhanced air and temperature stable photoconductor and transistor properties

Abstract We report the synthesis and characterization of highly air and temperature stable, solution-processed, n-type organic semiconductors: a perylene-diimide monomer and a perylene-diimide-based pendant polymer. When integrated into a transistor structure, both materials possess pure n-type transport with mobility as high as 10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1 for the polymer. The organic semiconductors exhibit good photoconductor properties, with photocurrent to dark current ratios of up to 103 for the monomer, despite its lower FET mobility. The differences in transistor and photoconductor properties suggest different applications for each material. Both materials can be processed in air, and their transport properties have good air stability, improving with annealing even up to 200 °C in air. It is notable that such air-stable photoconductivity and transport properties have rarely been reported for n-type organic semiconductors before, as most n-type organic semiconductors are not stable in air. Hence, these materials may have potential in a wide range of applications.
Prediction of Mood Instability with Passive Sensing

Mental health issues, which can be difficult to diagnose, are a growing concern worldwide. For effective care and support, early detection of mood-related health concerns is of paramount importance. Typically, survey based instruments including Ecologically Momentary Assessments (EMA) and Day Reconstruction Method (DRM) are the method of choice for assessing mood related health. While effective, these methods require some effort and thus both compliance rates as well as quality of responses can be limited. As an alternative, We present a study that used passively sensed data from smartphones and wearables and machine learning techniques to predict mood instabilities, an important aspect of mental health. We explored the effectiveness of the proposed method on two large-scale datasets, finding that as little as three weeks of continuous, passive recordings were sufficient to reliably predict mood instabilities.
Isotretinoin induced urethritis: A case report & review of the literature

We report a case of urethritis in a 17-year-old non-sexually active male that developed after starting isotretinoin treatment for his acne. Clinicians must be vigilant about this adverse effect and elicit a thorough medication history prior to administering antibiotics in patients taking isotretinoin treatment for acne.
To catch the sparrow that has flown

Like a sparrow that has flown, the sense of safety and invincibility that Americans used to enjoy was weakened by 9/11 and eviscerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Ripple effects from these events dem...
Formation of a traumatic air cyst and ensuing hemopneumothorax during CT angiography in a patient with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) refers to a rare group of genetic disorders that makeup part of the connective tissue disorders consortium. It is characterized by clinical features such as skin hypere...
Emergence and Entanglement in a Theory of Political Economy

Political economy is a field of study where theorists typically treat polities and markets as separate orders of activity within society. Moreover, the standard mode of analysis treats those entities as existing in states of equilibrium. In contrast, this essay treats polities and markets as entangled and, moreover, as entities that have ecological and emergent character. Among other things, this shift in analytical focus means that turbulence of variable intensity is a key feature to be incorporated into a theory of political economy. It also means that human population systems are open and not closed, which further means that the future is generated through complex interaction inside a societal arena that entails both trade and conflict.
First Steps at First Point: Protecting California Surf Breaks and the Malibu Historic District

Surf breaks and surfing areas exemplify the human dimensions of coastal ecosystems—places connecting people and nature and from which history, culture, tradition, economic activity, and even politi...
Abstract P345: Perfusion-Guided Bridging Therapy in Strokes With Unknown Time of Onset and Large Vessel Occlusion

Introduction: Endovascular treatment (EVT) is the therapy of choice, in patients with unknown stroke onset (unwitnessed and wake-up strokes) and large vessel occlusion (LVO) with a favorable perfus...
Teaching Land as an Extension of Self: The Role of Ecopsychology in Disrupting Capitalist Narratives of Land and Resource Exploitation

Ecopsychology, which investigates the human-nature relationship, draws on marginalized ways of knowing such as Native American Shamanism, “whole earth thinking,” and the dynamic feminine (Gomez & Kanner, 1995). Impediments of literal classroom walls and systemic bias against unquantifiable course outcomes limits traditional pedagogy. Traditional pedagogical approaches to environmental curriculum reinforce perceived helplessness in the face of capitalist forces which identify land only as explotiable “other” (hooks, 2011). This paper describes a university English classroom's radical Ecopedagogy without spatial impedences and state policed “standards” that no longer enforce normative identity constructs. In this Ecopedagogy, students explore Biophilia, which awakens a powerful, dormant identity, expanding the self to include the entire biosphere.
A visual ethnography of an urban neighborhood

Atlanta is the fourth fastest gentrifying city in the United States, and a group of five neighborhoods is the subject for this visual ethnography. A problem list was derived from a qualitative stud...
METHODOLOGY: A DEVICE FOR MONITORING SOIL MOVEMENT IN PEATLANDS

Traditional methods of tracking soil movements may be unreliable in soils containing a large proportion of organic matter owing to the composition and mechanical properties of peat. A simple, inexpensive, and reusable “anchored” target can be used to monitor both vertical and horizontal components of soil movement in fibrous peat. The target is unlikely to be affected adversely by flooding, frost heave, or animal disturbance, and is applicable to a wide range of geomorphic problems in peatlands. [Key words: frost heave, peat, peat landforms, soil movement, survey targets.]
Forward and Spot Buying: Yield Management of Information Goods

Information goods are commonly sold either at spot prices or through forward buying at discounted fares. In this chapter, we consider a seller that offers an information good through spot buying, forward buying at a reduced price, or a combination of the two and address his yield management problem when he is either a price-taker or a price-setter. When the seller is a price-taker, the seller's choice is whether to offer the good for only forward buying, only spot buying, or a combination of the two. When the seller is a price-setter, the seller’s objective is to choose the offering(s) and the price level(s). For the price-taker case, we show that when both the spot price and the discount on forward buying are moderate in value, the seller chooses the mixed strategy of offering both forward and spot buying simultaneously. For non-moderate values of the prices, a pure strategy (offering only spot buying or only forward buying) is optimal. For the price-setter case, we show how those selling information goods can increase their revenues by using a mixed offering strategy. The mixed strategy lends itself to second-degree price discrimination by the seller when there are groups of customers potentially heterogeneous in terms of the distribution of their reservation prices.
How aspects of a wine’s place affect consumers’ authenticity perceptions and purchase intentions: The role of country of origin and technical terroir

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how two aspects of place affect consumers’ authenticity perceptions of a wine and their willingness to pay for it. One aspect of place is the wine’s country of origin, specifically Old World versus New World wines. A second aspect of place is the technical terroir. A description of the terroir that is highly specific was expected to be perceived as more authentic and offer more value than a vague terroir description. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 109 US adults participated in an online 2 × 2 experiment in which authenticity, willingness to pay and expertise were measured. ANCOVA and MANCOVA were used to analyze the data. Findings – Subjects perceived the Old World wine as more authentic and were willing to pay more for it than the New World wine. Additionally, country of origin moderated the effect of terroir specificity on authenticity and willingness to pay. For New World wines, wine with specific information about the terroir was perceived as...
Deactivation of fused-silica capillary columns with polymethylhydrosiloxanes : Characterization of the deactivated surface

Abstract Characterization of polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) deactivated fused-silica capillary columns is described. The PMHS modified surface was shown to be neutral and inert. The thickness of the PMHS surface modification was close to a monolayer. The deactivation film was non-extractable by organic solvents and showed high thermal stability. The critical surface tension (γc) of this methylsiloxane film was similar to other high temperature methyl deactivated surfaces. No unreacted silylhydride (SiH) bonds were detected on the deactivated surface. Various experiments confirmed the bonding of the film via surface silanol-silylhydride dehydrocondensation. The physical structure of the surface film is described using evidence obtained.
Piecewise Constant Cross-Ratio Estimation for Association in Bivariate Survival Data with Application to Studying Markers of Menopausal Transition

A question of significant interest in female reproductive aging is to identify bleeding criteria for the menopausal transition. Although various bleeding criteria, or markers, have been proposed for the menopausal transition, their validity has not been adequately examined. The Tremin Trust data are collected from a long-term cohort study that followed a group of women throughout their whole reproductive life, and provide a unique opportunity for assessing the association between age at onset of a bleeding marker and age onset of menopause. Formal statistical analysis of this dependence is challenging give the fact that both the marker event and menopause are subject to right censoring and their association depends on age at the marker event. We propose using cross-ratio to measure their dependence, which is assumed to be a piecewise constant function of age at onset of the marker event. Two estimation procedures using direct two-stage method and sequential two-stage method are proposed, while the latter is extended to allow for covariates in marginal survival functions. The proposed methods are applied to the analysis of the Tremin Trust data, and their performance is evaluated using simulations.
Experimental eosinophilia. III. Regional lymph node responses to reactions of tissue sensitization.

Abstract 1.1. The administration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and corresponding antiserum into the rabbit foot pad resulted in four-hour eosinophilic granular cell infiltrations into the sinuses of regional popliteal lymph nodes. 2.2. Similar histologic alterations could not be reproduced by BSA or by antiserum to BSA alone, by noncorresponding antigen-antibody systems, histamine, or heparin. 3.3. The development of lymph node eosinophilia through the action of specific immunologic reactants was not affected by agents with antihistaminic, antiheparin, or antiserotonin properties. 4.4. The responsible eosinotactic mechanism of in vivo antigen-antibody union has not been determined but there is no evidence to indicate a role for antigen-antibody precipitate, soluble antigen-antibody complexes, or a product of antigen-antibody mixtures liberated in vitro.
A Review of “A Companion to Health and Medical Geography”

As a graduate student, I spent many hours reading, discussing, and critiquing the debate in my subdiscipline that led to the so-called rupture between health and medical geography. As a self-procla...
Differential spatial distribution and temporal regulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase mRNA expression during rat central nervous system development

Abstract The elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the maturation of the central nervous system (CNS) is rapidly emerging. Cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions play critical roles in all phases of developmental tissue remodeling. Throughout development, an intricate balance between extracellular matrix synthesis and degradation is preserved by the opposing actions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their specific inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Although recent evidence suggests that TIMPs exert diverse cell biological functions distinct from their MMP-inhibitory activities, few studies have investigated MMP or TIMP expression during CNS development. The present report analyzes the mRNA expression of the four known TIMPs throughout the course of embryonic and postnatal rat CNS development. The results clearly demonstrate the unique spatial distribution and temporal regulation of TIMP expression and suggest a distinct role for each TIMP during CNS development.
Were bid–ask spreads in the FX market excessive during the Asian crisis?

Abstract Bid–ask spreads for Asian emerging market currencies increased sharply during the Asian crisis. The question is whether the spreads were excessive or in line with standard models of bid–ask spreads. Pre-crisis estimates of the models show that spreads during the crisis were in most cases tighter than predicted and there were only a few cases of excessive spreads. The result is largely explained by substantial increases in exchange rate volatility during the crisis and to some extent by depreciating exchange rates. The empirical models have greater explanatory power for emerging market than for mature market currencies.
Modification of luteinizing hormone secretion by activators of Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase

We investigated the role of Ca2+/phospholipiddependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) in LH secretion using rat anterior pituitary pieces obtained at known stages of the estrous cycle and superfused in vitro. Secretagogues were administered as 10-min (LHRH) or 30-min (all others) pulses. Activation of protein kinase C with phorbol 12-myristate 13- acetate (PMA) results 2 h later in an amplification of LHRHinduced LH secretion in a concentration (1 nM to 1 μM)- and protein synthesis-dependent manner in proestrous, but not estrous, pituitaries; the diacylglycerol analog l-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol (OAG) also augments subsequent LHRH-induced secretion. At 1 μM, PMA alone increases the LH secretory rate, but with a pattern different from that induced by LHRH; the characteristics of the PMA response are affected by prior exposure to LHRH, estrous cycle stage, and cycloheximide. Pretreatment with either 8-bromo-cAMP or forskolin results in augmentation of subsequent LHRH-induced secretion without affecting bas...
Halogenated Cyclic Peptides Isolated From the Sponge Corticium sp

Fractionation of two Fijian specimens of the sponge Corticium sp. led to the isolation of the known active alkaloid steroid plakinamine A and two new halogenated cyclic peptides, corticiamide A (1) and cyclocinamide B (2). Structural elucidation of 1 and 2 was achieved by an extensive combination of high-field NMR and HRFT MS/MS experiments, and the absolute stereochemistry of 2 was determined by acid hydrolysis and Marfey's analysis. Corticiamide A (1) and cyclocinamide B (2) represent the first peptides to be described from the genus Corticium.
Grounds for agreement

Analytical Biogeography: An Integrated Approach to the Study of Animal and Plant Distributions. Edited by Alan A. Myers and Paul S. Giller. Chapman & Hall: 1988. Pp. 578. £49.50, $87.50.
Joint coverage and link utilization for fast IP local protection

To mitigate the impact of failures, many IP Fast Local Recovery (IPFLR) schemes have been proposed to reroute traffic in the events of failures. However, the existing IPFLR schemes either aimed to find the alternate backup routes to protect failures, or focused on balancing the traffic load routed on the backup routes. Furthermore, in Internet, flows are often managed by shortest path routing, and therefore purely determining the backup routing paths is not sufficient in protecting the error-prone networks. In this paper, we propose a Simulated Annealing based Load balancing and Protection (SALP) scheme to determine link weights for balancing link utilization in the non-failure state and simultaneously construct backup routing tables for protecting any single link failure in IP networks. In our proposed scheme, the two most significant issues, (1) load balancing and (2) coverage, are jointly considered to recover the network operation from single link failures. In the proposed scheme, upon a failure, only the nodes adjacent to a failure are activated to divert affected traffic to backup paths without disturbing regular traffic. Numerical results delineate that the proposed scheme achieves high coverage rate and load balancing at the expense of slightly increasing the entries of backup routing table.
4-1BB (CD137) controls the clonal expansion and survival of CD8 T cells in vivo but does not contribute to the development of cytotoxicity.

4–1BB is expressed on activated T cells. We analyzed the role of 4–1BB during the CD8 T cell response of OT-I TCR-transgenic T cells to ovalbumin. In vitro, blocking 4–1BB during peptide presentation reduced proliferation of naive CD8 T cells, but did not affect the generation of CTL. Using an in vivo adoptive transfer model, clonal expansion of CD8 T cells to whole protein in adjuvant was significantly reduced when 4–1BB was blocked, with 50–70% fewer CD8 T cells accumulating. This was due to a reduction in T cell division and to enhanced apoptosis of CD8 T cellsthat had undergone many divisions. T cells generated in the absence of 4–1BB were impaired in their ability to secrete IFN-γ whereas CTL activity of the T cells that survived was unaffected. These findings demonstrate that 4–1BB contributes to clonal expansion, survival, and development of Tc1 cells when protein antigen is encountered by primary CD8 T cells in an inflammatory environment in vivo.
Influence of preformed characteristics of lemon peel on susceptibility to Geotrichum candidum

Abstract Hyphal growth and polygalacturonase liberation by Geotrichum candidum in wounds in the peel of resistant and susceptible lemons were similar for 10 h after inoculation; a stimulation of hyphal growth and polygalacturonase activity in susceptible fruit was detected after 15 h. The infectivity of the inoculum was increased by the addition of sterile macerating enzymes of the pathogen, but not by addition of nutrients. No evidence was found that preformed factors in resistant lemons limited fungal growth or liberation of polygalacturonase. Sterile macerating enzyme preparations injected into the albedo produced more maceration in yellow or turgid fruits, which are relatively susceptible to infection, than in the more resistant, light green or subturgid fruits. Albedo tissue strength (by penetrometer) of light green fruits was higher and remained higher during the maceration process than in yellow fruits, even though the rate of tissue softening was slightly faster in the former. The effect of macerating enzymes on potassium leakage from albedo cells paralleled their effect on tissue strength.
Feature-based compressive signal processing (CSP) measurement design for the pattern analysis of Cognitive Radio spectrum

Cognitive Radio (CR) can efficiently utilize the licensed wideband spectrum whenever the primary users (PUs) are absent. Spectrum sensing is the first step and an important function to fulfill the CR system. A cyclostationary feature detector can robustly detect the PU's modulated signals even under strong interferences. However this detector needs high signal sampling rate and also puts heavy computation burden on the system. Compressive sensing (CS) can compress the data at the front sampling end but has high overload and delay from the reconstruction side. In this work we generate the compressive CR spectrum measurement by utilizing both the cyclostationary feature and sparsity prior knowledge at the spectrum sensing front end, and we apply the compressive signal processing (CSP) without the need of signal or feature reconstruction. This can significantly shorten the CR spectrum sensing time. Our experimental results have shown the pattern analysis accuracy and efficiency of our CSP scheme.
RF tomography in free space: Experimental validation of the forward model and of a Conjugate Gradient inversion algorithm

Experimental data are used to validate a novel inversion scheme, based on a Conjugate Gradient algorithm. The proposed inversion provides actionable reconstruction results at a fraction of the computational effort needed by classical regularization techniques. Additionally, Conjugate Gradient allows us to introduce physical bounds on the solution returned, if a re-orthogonalization technique is also applied. Experimental case studies are presented and discussed.
INLINE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC TRACER ANALYSIS: AN ALTERNATIVE TO CONVENTIONAL SAMPLING AND LABORATORY ANALYSIS FOR PARTITIONING TRACER TESTS

ABSTRACT Partitioning tracer techniques have been demonstrated to be effective for characterizing the amount of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) contaminants present in aquifers. Partitioning interwell tracer tests (PITTs) typically involve the collection of a large number of groundwater samples for subsequent laboratory analysis. This paper describes the implementation of inline methods for gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of tracers in both the laboratory and in the field. Benefits of inline analysis include reduced costs associated with sampling, transport, storage, and laboratory analyses, minimization of tracer mass loss during sample collection and transport, and immediate access to data for on-site decision making. A series of laboratory PITT experiments were conducted in a two-dimensional flow chamber packed with various combinations of clean sand and NAPL, resulting in a range of average residual saturation, S N , values. Inline chromatographic analysis enabled automation of these experiments whil...
An RNA 5′-Triphosphatase Related to the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases

Abstract mRNA capping requires the sequential action of three enzymatic activities: RNA triphosphatase, guanylyltransferase, and methyltransferase. Here we characterize a gene ( CEL-1 ) believed to encode the C. elegans capping enzyme. CEL-1 has a C-terminal domain containing motifs found in yeast and vaccinia virus capping enzyme guanylyltransferases. The N-terminal domain of CEL-1 has RNA triphosphatase activity. Surprisingly, this domain does not resemble the vaccinia virus capping enzyme but does have significant sequence similarity to the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) enzyme family. However, CEL-1 has no detectable PTP activity. The mechanism of the RNA triphosphatase is similar to that of PTPs: the active site contains a conserved nucleophilic cysteine required for activity. These results broaden the superfamily of PTP-like phosphatases to include enzymes with RNA substrates.
Comparison of Risk Scores to Estimate Perioperative Mortality in Aortic Valve Replacement Surgery

Background Transaortic valve implantation has recently been introduced as an alternative to aortic valve replacement (AVR) for high-risk patients with aortic stenosis. However, accurate assessment of surgical risk is critical for appropriate patient selection. We compared the accuracy of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) risk score, the European System for Cardiac Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE), and the Veterans Administration (VA) risk score in predicting perioperative mortality after AVR. Methods We included 537 consecutive patients who underwent AVR for severe aortic stenosis at the Minneapolis VA Medical Center between 1997 and 2008. Observed and predicted perioperative (30-day) mortality rates were compared. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test and receiver operating characteristic curves were performed to assess the performance of the scores. Results Perioperative mortality rate was 5.9% (n = 32). Predicted mortality rates for the EuroSCORE, STS score, and VA score were 15.6%, 3.6%, and 6.7%, respectively ( p = 0.001). The EuroSCORE overestimated mortality in all patients, most notably among those with ejection fraction less than 35% (49% predicted versus 9% observed). The EuroSCORE had poor calibration (goodness-of-fit test p p > 0.05). Conclusions The EuroSCORE substantially overestimates perioperative mortality risk in AVR, particularly in patients with low ejection fraction. These data have implications when deciding the appropriate intervention (transaortic valve implantation versus AVR) for high-risk aortic stenosis patients.
Review: Role of Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ) in Systemic Autoimmunity

Transforming growth factor (TGFβ) is a multifunctional cytokine with proinflammatory as well as immunosuppressive activities. A regulatory role for TGFβ has been suggested in investigations of several experimental and spontaneous models of pathological autoreactivity. It is suggested that many of the functional effects of TGFβ parallel the major immune system abnormalities seen in SLE.
A review of difference score research in the is discipline with an application to understanding the expectations and job experiences of it professionals

In recent decades, IS researchers have collected and analyzed difference score data with regard to IS service quality research, system functionality and user interface features, as well as job- and career-related expectations of IT personnel. Despite the prevalence of difference scores in IS research, these methods have been criticized due to various theoretical and statistical anomalies. In this research in progress study, we identify some problems that have been identified in the organizational behavior literature. We review various research streams that employ difference scores, focusing in depth on one popular stream of 'difference score' research: work on person-environment fit or person-job fit in shaping IT employees' job satisfaction, performance and turnover intentions. We analyze a dataset containing difference score data for 120 software developers with regard to their preferences for specific job attributes, along with their self-reports regarding how well their current job matches these preferences. We analyze our data using both conventional difference score methods, as well as using new techniques suggested in the OB and IS literature.
Circling and bodily asymmetry induced by injection of GABA agonists and antagonists into the superior colliculus

The observation that ipsiversive circling follows unilateral lesions of the deep layers of the superior colliculus (DLSC), combined with the recent demonstration of an ipsilateral inhibitory GABAergic projection from substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) to the DLSC suggests a role for tectal GABA in circling behavior. In the present experiment, GABA, the GABA agonist muscimol, and the GABA antagonists picrotoxin and bicuculline were injected into the DLSC through chronic cannulae. GABA and muscimol produced significantly higher ipsiversive circling and bodily asymmetry than saline injections. Picrotoxin and bicuculline resulted in significantly higher contraversive circling and asymmetry than saline injections. All drugs except bicuculline produced dose-dependent circling. GABA injections were also made into the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) and the periaqueductal gray (PAG). The MRF injections produced the same degree of circling and asymmetry as the DLSC injections. The PAG injections resulted in significantly lower amounts of circling than the DLSC GABA injections, but they resulted in equivalent measures of asymmetry. These results demonstrate that DLSC GABA produces circling and asymmetry, and suggest that the DLSC as well as the MRF serve as output stations for the expression of circling behavior initiated at the striatum.
Screening for neurotransmitters: A rapid radiochemical procedure

Among the known or suspected neurotransmitter compounds are: acetylcholine, norepinephrine, γ-aminobutyric acid, epinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, and octopamine. This communication describes a rapid screening procedure for identifying which of these substances are likely candidates for neurotransmitters in a particular tissue. The method is based on the selective synthesis and localization of transmitters in those cells which are presumed to release them. The procedural steps are: (1) incubation of tissue in a physiological medium containing one or more radiochemical precursors of suspected transmitters; (2) acidic extraction of all or selected parts (e.g., single cells) of the incubated tissue; (3) high-voltage paper electrophoresis of the extract under conditions which separate most of the compounds of interest; and (4) quantification of isotope in each transmitter candidate. The effectiveness and sensitivity of the method have been shown with several preparations whose transmitters are known. In certain cases the sensitivity can extend to a single cell level. Preliminary results are also reported on the application of the technique to a lobster sensory system of unknown transmitter chemistry, the abdominal muscle receptor organ.
Cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19) in the non-human primate brain: distribution, regulation, and functional significance

In adult male primates, estrogens play a role in both gonadotropin feedback and sexual behavior. Inhibition of aromatization in intact male monkeys acutely elevates serum levels of luteinizing hormone, an effect mediated, at least partially, within the brain. High levels of aromatase (CYP19) are present in the monkey brain and regulated by androgens in regions thought to be involved in the central regulation of reproduction. Androgens regulate aromatase pretranslationally and androgen receptor activation is correlated with the induction of aromatase activity. Aromatase and androgen receptor mRNAs display both unique and overlapping distributions within the hypothalamus and limbic system suggesting that androgens and androgen-derived estrogens regulate complimentary and interacting genes within many neural networks. Long-term castrated monkeys, like men, exhibit an estrogen-dependent neural deficit that could be an underlying cause of the insensitivity to testosterone that develops in states of chronic androgen deficiency. Future studies of in situ estrogen formation in brain in the primate model are important for understanding the importance of aromatase not only for reproduction, but also for neural functions such as memory and cognition that appear to be modulated by estrogens.
Low temperature plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of silicon oxide films using disilane and nitrous oxide

Silicon oxide films have been deposited between room temperature and 300°C using disilane and nitrous oxide by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Film deposition was investigated as a function of the gas flow ratio of nitrous oxide to disilane, the substrate temperature, the total gas flow rate, the radio frequency discharge power, and the process pressure. The stoichiometric SiO2 films were obtained when the gas ratio of nitrous oxide to disilane was in the range of 50-150. The deposition was found to be nearly temperature independent indicating the mass transport limited regime.
Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome

Seven cases of trigeminal trophic syndrome are reported. In this rare condition, neurotrophic ulcers occur on the face, especially in the ala nasi area in a dermatome of the trigeminal nerve that has been rendered anesthetic, usually as a complication of trigeminal ablation by surgical means or injection for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. The period from time of trigeminal nerve injury to onset of the ulcer varies from weeks to several years, with a mean of 1 to 2 years. Self-induced trauma is believed to produce the tissue destruction. Once the ulcers appear, they are extremely persistent.
Interaction between erbB- receptors and heregulin in breast cancer tumor progression and drug resistance

The type I growth factor receptor family is increasingly recognized as important in the development and maintenance of breast cancer. The family currently consists of four closely related members: the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R/erbB-1), erbB-2, erbB-3 and erbB-4. Putative ligands which bind directly to or indirectly activate erbB-2/3/4 have been characterized recently. This still growing family of EGF-related growth factors includes gp30, its homolog heregulin (HRG), the rat homolog neu differentiation factor (NDF), glial growth factors (GLIA), ARIA and a 50 kDa factor from COLO 16 cells. The understanding of the function, biology and interactions of these growth factor receptors and their ligands will have far-reaching implications for the prognosis and treatment of breast cancer. This review focuses on advances and future directions for further investigations intended to clarify the mechanism and significance of erbB/ligand interactions in breast cancer.
Preparation of spinel fibers by directional solidification of MgAl2O4Mg2SiO4 eutectic

Abstract Eutectic directional solidification of the pseudobinary system MgAl 2 O 4 Mg 2 SiO 4 was carried out by the floating zone method, and yielded a typical colony microstructure at a solidification rate of 120 mm/h. Spinel fibers in a forsterite matrix were formed in the central part of each colony. A bundle of fibers consisting of spinel single phase was obtained by dissolving the forsterite matrix first in a hydrochloric acid, and then in a NaOH aqueous solution. Most of the spinel fibers were less than 2 μm in diameter and longer than 50 μm, and were grown along the 〈100〉 crystallographic direction.
Dual camera mechatronic tracking system

A mechatronic vision system for the automatic acquisition and the monitoring of the static and the moving objects is proposed. The system recognizes the existence and the motion of relatively small objects from the background in order to report motion parameters while automatically tracking the selected object. The system consists of several relatively independent subsystems cooperating together with the aim to achieve the common goal to recognize objects of interest and to track their motion. The simultaneous tracking by the two cameras is used to measure the instant distance of the tracked object. The combination of an automatic recognition subsystem with an automatic object motion prediction and the dual camera orientation control facilitates the ability of the whole system to work autonomously in a real time. The system is designed in a modular way to enable simple adaptation to several static and mobile cameras mechanically oriented in space by the pan and tilt head. The open architecture of the system allows group management integration, day and night image processing, and various problem oriented geometric computation.
Radiation chemistry and the nuclear fuel cycle

A global collaboration is currently developing solvent extraction separations for the nuclear fuel cycle of the future. The goal is to recover fissionable material for recycle, mitigate proliferation concerns, and mitigate the environmental impact of nuclear waste disposal. Relying on selective metal complexing agents, the radiation stability of these solvent extraction ligands will determine the efficiency and recycle lifetime of any solvent intended for use in this high-radiation environment. This paper reviews work at the Idaho National Laboratory regarding the radiation chemistry of nuclear solvent extraction ligands, with particular emphasis on the reactions of nitrogen-centered radicals.
ESTROGENS IN THE OVARIAN FLUIDS OF NORMALLY MENSTRUATING WOMEN1

Fluid from the ovaries of normally menstruating women was collected and pooled in 2 lots, on the basis of menstrual dates and endometrial biopsies: one representing the proliferative phase of the cycle and the other the secretory phase. A steroid extract of each lot, to which trace amounts of radioactive estradiol, estrone and estriol had been added as internal standards, was purified by column chromatography, paper chromatography, mcthylation, and column and paper chromatography of the methyl ethers. Fluorescence and radioactivity were measured at each step. Estriadiol 17β and estrone were identified in both extracts. Estriol was identified in the extract of fluid collected during the luteal phase, but was not found in that of the proliferative phase. The biological activity of the luteal phase pool was entirely accounted for by its estimated content of estradiol, estrone and estriol, while only 40% of the biological activity of the proliferative phase pool was thus accounted for. Both contained many uni...
pH dependence of the effect of adenosine triphosphate and ethylenediaminetetraacetate on sodium and magnesium binding by cellular membrane fragments.

The pH dependence of previously reported effects of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) on cation binding by rat liver microsomes was studied by an equilibration and washing procedure. Equilibration of microsomes in media containing 95 mM NaCl and 4 mM MgCl2 with pH varied from 4 to 8 resulted in an increase in bound cations from zero below pH 4 to 0.90 mmoles Mg and 0.34 mmoles Na/g N at pH 8; the ratio of bound Na/bound Mg increased from 0.15 at pH 5 to 0.38 at pH 8. Addition of 5 mM EDTA to the equilibration media produced striking changes in cation binding such that bound Na/bound Mg increased from 0.30 at pH 5 to 3.90 at pH 7 and decreased to 3.55 at pH 8. In the presence of added 10 mM ATP, bound Na/bound Mg increased from 0.10 at pH 5 to a maximum of 0.80 at pH 7. The observed changes could generally be correlated with known mass law relationships, although the system containing added ATP was complicated considerably by the hydrolysis of ATP. Results demonstrate that environmental pH is an important factor in determining the effect of ATP and EDTA on the cation binding pattern of cellular membranes. Because hydrogen ion is a product of ATP hydrolysis as well as of other metabolic reactions, the described interactions may be of particular significance in the molecular mechanisms of ATP effects on cation binding and transport in living cells.
Infected physicians and invasive procedures: safe practice management

There is currently no public policy that provides guidance concerning whether and when physicians infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and/or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can safely perform invasive procedures. A committee of experts in the fields of medicine, law, and biomedical ethics and 1 community member, aided by an advisory board, was established to produce recommendations for policy reform. An extensive literature review was conducted for these 3 infectious diseases, medicine, surgery, epidemiology, law, and bioethics to gather all relevant data. Special recommendations are made regarding the management of physicians who are infected with HIV, HBV, and/or HCV. This policy proposal includes a list of exposure-prone procedures and a decision chart that indicates under what conditions infected physicians can practice beyond the need for disclosure of their serological status.
Nutritional status of Ribeirinhos in Brazil and the nutrition transition

Anthropometric and household data (size, composition, economic activity) were collected from a population of Ribeirinhos living in a rural setting in the eastern Amazon. Data are compared to international reference standards and to other Amazonian populations with the goals of increasing our understanding of the Amazon's largest ethnic group and identifying the relationship between changes in subsistence strategies and nutritional status. Data on height, weight, skinfolds, and circumferences were collected from 471 adults and subadults. The population showed a high degree of stunting with an average HAZ below −2.0 for all age groups over 3 years, and 60% of adult men and 70% of adult women were stunted. Wasting was rare. Average skinfold thicknesses and upper-arm muscle area were near or below average but within the normal range compared to the reference standard, indicating adequate energy and protein stores. Thirty-one percent of males and 29% of females were overweight/obese, and the highest average BMIs were found among men and women in their 40s. Adult males who participated in wage labor had higher weights, BMIs, and UMA values, and were more likely to be overweight and obese compared with those who did not work in wage-labor jobs. Children of fathers who worked in wage labor had higher BMI and UMA values, but there was no significant effect on the nutritional status of other adults in these same households. Signs of the nutrition transition were most noticeable among adult males involved in wage labor because of changes in their diet and activity patterns. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Importance of Emergency Medicine in Organ Donation: Successful Donation Is More Likely When Potential Donors Are Referred From the Emergency Department

Objectives: This study sought to identify factors that are associated with successful organ retrieval among patients referred to organ procurement services for potential organ donation. Particular attention was paid to the frequency, patient characteristics, and outcomes of patients referred for donation from the emergency department (ED). Methods: For this retrospective cohort study, data were collected on all solid-organ donor referrals made to a single organ procurement organization serving 78 hospitals over a 45-month period. Data retrieved included patient age, sex, race, referral site (ED vs. inpatient), and mechanism of injury. Outcome of referral (organs retrieved or not) was the primary outcome variable. Pearson chi-square and Student’s t-tests were used for bivariate statistical analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine which variables remained associated with organ retrieval after controlling for potential confounders. Results: A total of 6,886 donor referrals were made in the study population. Of these, 155 were excluded due to incomplete data, leaving 6,731 subjects for analysis. Using bivariate statistical analysis, we found that successful organ retrieval was associated with younger age (donor mean age 40.8 years, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 39.1 to 42.5 vs. nondonor mean age 59.4, 95% CI = 58.9 to 59.9), mechanism of injury (p < 0.001), and referral from the ED (ED 15.5% retrieved, inpatient 5.9%, odds ratio [OR] = 2.92, 95% CI = 2.32 to 3.67). After controlling for potential confounders with multiple logistic regression, referral from the ED remained significantly associated with successful organ retrieval (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.18 to 1.97), as did age (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.96 to 0.97) and mechanism of injury (p < 0.001). On regression analysis, race emerged as a significant predictor of organ retrieval (p < 0.001). Medically suitable patients referred from the ED were significantly more likely on bivariate analysis to have consent for donation granted compared to patients referred from inpatient settings (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.03 to 2.12), but this association was not found to be significant on regression analysis (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 0.93 to 2.02). Conclusions: Referral of potential organ donors from the ED is associated with an increased likelihood of successful organ retrieval. The authors conclude that further attention and resources should be directed toward the role of emergency medicine (EM) in the organ procurement process, owing to the relatively high likelihood of successful organ retrieval among patients referred from the ED.
Low resistivity aluminum nitride: carbon (AlN : C) films grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition

Abstract Low resistivity, p-type, single crystal aluminum nitride-carbon (AlN : C) films were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Films produced with high partial pressure of propane during growth exhibited high conductivity. Van der Pauw measurements indicated that the resistivity of the as-grown films changed dramatically from 108 Ω cm for unintentionally doped samples to less than 0.1 Ω cm for partial pressures of propane greater than 0.5 × 10−3 Torr. Reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) measurements performed “in situ” just after film growth indicated that the material is single crystal up to a propane partial pressure of 2.5 × 10−3 Torr. P-n junctions of n-type 6H-SiC and p-type AlN : C were fabricated, and blue emission (centered at 490 nm) was observed from the heterojunction under forward bias.
Designing an updatable BIOS using flash memory

Flash memory offers the same non-volatile storage as EPROM but also provides in-system write capability. Using Intel's 28F001BX for BIOS storage, code updates may be carried out quickly in the factory during test and debug, while allowing cost-effective field updates to end users via floppy discs or modem BBS. This application note describes various methods of implementing a flash memory BIOS using the 28F001BX. Design targets are both laptop and desktop systems. The primary emphasis is on application of flash memory for BIOS and ROM executable software applications.
Development of a selective response to an adult vocalization in nestling black-capped chickadees

There are many studies on how songbirds develop song production, but few on how songbirds develop appropriate responses to conspecific vocalizations. The black-capped chickadee, Parus atricapillus, produces a vocalization, the 'squawk', that stimulates gaping in nestlings during feeding. To determine whether nestlings gape selectively at the squawk, playbacks of several conspecific vocalizations plus a heterospecific vocalization were presented to nestlings within natural nests. A preference for the squawk did not appear until day 2-3 and then steadily increased, until by day 11-13, nestlings gaped only at the squawk. To determine whether there are constraints on which vocalization can develop as the gaping stimulus, newly-hatched nestlings were reinforced with food for gaping either at the squawk or the faint feebee, the two most common adult vocalizations at the nesting site. Regardless of reinforcement, nestlings gaped most frequently at the squawk. In addition, after the first few days posthatch, nestlings became as responsive to a third, unreinforced, heterospecific vocalization as to the squawk. The responsiveness to the heterospecific vocalization coincided with the expanding range of auditory sensitivity that occurs at the same age during passerine development. Thus, while field observations show that nestlings gape mostly to the squawk relative to other parental vocalizations, experimental evidence indicates that there is not an exclusive link between the signal (squawk) and its response (gaping), especially during the first week posthatch when parents use the signal most frequently. Rather, an effectively selective response may be achieved redundantly by a variety of factors. Possible factors that are discussed include matching acoustic structure to nestling perceptual biases and the behavior