cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interactive association between Puccinia psidii and Oxyops vitiosa, two introduced natural enemies of Melaleuca quinquenervia in Florida

The Neotropical rust fungus Puccinia psidii and the Australian weevil Oxyops vitiosa are introduced natural enemies of Melaleuca quinquenervia (melaleuca) in south Florida. Both organisms exploit expanding leaves so we sought to investigate the interactions among these natural enemies and their shared host plant melaleuca. Olfactory-response studies showed that the leaves not infected with rust attracted more female weevils. Similarly, adults and late instars consumed higher proportions of rust-free versus rust-diseased leaf tissues in dual-choice tests, while early instars showed no preference. Female weevils preferentially oviposited on rust-free leaves but similar proportions of eggs hatched on either leaf type. No-choice feeding trials on excised leaves showed increased rustpustule coverage to cause concomitant decreases in larval survivorship. Most larval mortality occurred as 1st and 2nd instars when fed with leaf tissues having 750% rust-pustule coverage. Similar trials with whole plants caused lower larval survival on rust-diseased versus rust-free leaves, with greater prepupal weights realized on rust-free leaves. Herbivory on intact plants by O. vitiosa reduced rust-susceptible tissues and rust-pustule densities under both controlled and ambient environmental conditions. These data suggest that P. psidii and O. vitiosa inXuence each other’s life cycle and possibly antagonize each other’s eVects as biological control agents of M. quinquenervia because both agents compete for newly expanding foliar tissues for colonization, reproduction, and survival during their early stages of development. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Spoken Language Production in Huntington's and Parkinson's Diseases

The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence and nature of spoken language deficits in Huntington's (HD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases. Specifically, the study examined whether (a) the...
Metabolomics Reveals That Tumor Xenografts Induce Liver Dysfunction

Metabolomics, based on ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry, was used to explore metabolic signatures of tumor growth in mice. Urine samples were collected from control mice and mice injected with squamous cell carcinoma (SCCVII) tumor cells. When tumors reached ∼2 cm, all mice were killed and blood and liver samples collected. The urine metabolites hexanoylglycine, nicotinamide 1-oxide, and 11β,20α-dihydroxy-3-oxopregn-4-en-21-oic acid were elevated in tumor-bearing mice, as was asymmetric dimethylarginine, a biomarker for oxidative stress. Interestingly, SCCVII tumor growth resulted in hepatomegaly, reduced albumin/globulin ratios, and elevated serum triglycerides, suggesting liver dysfunction. Alterations in liver metabolites between SCCVII-tumor-bearing and control mice confirmed the presence of liver injury. Hepatic mRNA analysis indicated that inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor α, and transforming growth factor β were enhanced in SCCVII-tumor-bearing mice, and the expression of cytochromes P450 was decreased in tumor-bearing mice. Further, genes involved in fatty acid oxidation were decreased, suggesting impaired fatty acid oxidation in SCCVII-tumor-bearing mice. Additionally, activated phospholipid metabolism and a disrupted tricarboxylic acid cycle were observed in SCCVII-tumor-bearing mice. These data suggest that tumor growth imposes a global inflammatory response that results in liver dysfunction and underscore the use of metabolomics to temporally examine these changes and potentially use metabolite changes to monitor tumor treatment response.
Hawkeye UAV Dynamic Analysis

A dynamic analysis of the Hawkeye unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) produced by University of Kansas students has been completed and results are presented herein. Geometric data was collected through measurements of the aircraft and its control surfaces, from which a computerized model was developed. Stability and control derivatives and steady state trimmed flight conditions were calculated with the Advanced Aircraft Analysis (AAA) software package. These results were then verified by comparison with similar aircraft platforms and simulated using a 6 degree of freedom nonlinear MATLAB/Simulink interface. The resulting system demonstrated stable phugoid, short period, roll, and dutch roll modes with an unstable spiral mode. Subsequent research should focus on further verification of the current stability derivatives and investigation of dynamic stability by computation of multiple trim conditions within a flight envelope ranging between a stall speed of 28 knots and a dash speed of 80 knots. The results presented have potential application for use in the design of control systems capable of autonomously controlling this UAV as well as similar sized vehicles.
Calvin's Doctrine of Baptism

John Calvin succeeds in stating his position on baptism in such a way that it becomes not only an integral part of his entire system of theological thought, but also an occasion for a very lucid exposition of the central themes characteristic of his theology.' Calvin achieves this by carefully delineating the proper manner of approach to the discussion of the doctrine of baptism. Specifically, Calvin insists that the meaning of baptism cannot be genuinely understood if we take the external ceremonies as the point of departure for our discussion. Instead, it is of basic importance first and foremost to be concerned with the promises of God offered in baptism, never forgetting that these are the inward mysteries for whose sake the outward signs are present.2 Such an approach is possible and even necessary because of the relationship which exists between the word and the sacramental sign. The sacrament never exists autonomously; it is, as we shall soon discuss in more detail, rather like an appendix that is attached for the purpose of confirmation and ratification to an already clearly given divine word of promise.3
Digital avionics fiber optic link interface control document standardization

The increased usage of fiber optics technology on aerospace platforms has created greater awareness of the benefits gained by creating or updating standards for aerospace applications. For the past several years ARINC, SAE, ASD-STAN and the DoD have worked fast and hard to fill a variety of standards gaps encompassing a wide range of fiber optic components and design process applications including optical fiber, connectors, cables, termini, splices, cable assemblies, link power budget methodology and margin specification, education and training awareness, cable assembly insertion and return loss measurements, connector inspection criteria and cable harness installation, to name a few. A new initiative underway within JEDEC is working to standardize active and passive components including transmitters, receivers, switches and filters.
An introduction to structured modeling

The discipline of modeling has advanced only slowly compared to disciplines concerned with analyzing and solving models once they are brought into being. Structured Modeling is an attempt to redress this imbalance. Structured Modeling aims to provide a formal mathematical framework and computer-based environment for conceiving, representing, and manipulating a wide variety of models. The framework uses a hierarchically organized, partitioned, and attributed acyclic graph to represent the semantic as well as mathematical structure of a model. The computer-based environment is evolving via experimental prototypes that provide for ad hoc query, immediate expression evaluation, solving simultaneous systems, and optimization. If successful, Structured Modeling will enable model-based work to be done with greater productivity and acceptance by nonspecialists, will exploit important developments in small computers, and will cross-fertilize management science/operations research, artificial intelligence, database management, programming language design, and software engineering. This paper is an introduction and status report on a long term project. The presentation is based largely on examples; rigorous development and details are left to a series of technical reports.
The average binary weight-enumerator for a class of generalized Reed-Solomon codes

An explicit weight-enumerator for the set of binary expansions of a class of generalized Reed-Solomon codes is derived. This enumerator is then used to show that most of these binary codes are asymptotically good, and to bound the rates of self-intersecting codes. >
Organosilicon Thin Films Deposited from Cyclic and Acyclic Precursors Using Water as an Oxidant

Pulsed-plasma chemical vapor deposition was used to deposit thin films from four different organosilicon precursors using water as the oxidant. The precursors varied in structure, chemical composition, and type of organic substituent. Differences in film structure were observed based on precursor structure and type of organic substituents. More reactive substituents, such as vinyl groups, facilitated cross-linking. At low power (200 W), film structure was dictated by precursor identity. At high power (400 W) film structure became more uniform and precursor identity was less important. Mechanical and thermal properties correlated with plasma power and could be explained by the continuous random network theory and percolation of rigidity arguments. Low-power samples are relatively soft, with hardness values between 0.13 and 0.54 GPa. High-power samples are more extensively cross-linked and oxidized, resulting in enhanced mechanical properties, and had hardness values between 0.68 and 3.2 GPa, depending upon precursor identity. Thermal stability was strongly correlated to the degree of cross-linking, with non-cross-linked films showing up to 30% thickness loss upon annealing. Cross-linked films exhibited less than 8% thickness loss. Dielectric constants for the films ranged between 2.4 and 4.3 and were primarily dependent upon the extent of oxidation and organic content remaining in the films.
Multiple SET Methyltransferases are Required to Maintain Normal Heterochromatin Domains in the Genome of Drosophila melanogaster

Methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) is a key feature of silent chromatin and plays an important role in stabilizing the interaction of heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) with chromatin. Genomes of metazoans such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster generally encode three types of H3K9-specific SET domain methyltransferases that contribute to chromatin homeostasis during the life cycle of the organism. SU(VAR)3-9, dG9a, and dSETDB1 all function in the generation of wild-type H3K9 methylation levels in the Drosophila genome. Two of these enzymes, dSETDB1 and SU(VAR)3-9, govern heterochromatin formation in distinct but overlapping patterns across the genome. H3K9 methylation in the small, heterochromatic fourth chromosome of D. melanogaster is governed mainly by dSETDB1, whereas dSETDB1 and SU(VAR)3-9 function in concert to methylate H3K9 in the pericentric heterochromatin of all chromosomes, with dG9a having little impact in these domains, as shown by monitoring position effect variegation. To understand how these distinct heterochromatin compartments may be differentiated, we examined the developmental timing of dSETDB1 function using a knockdown strategy. dSETDB1 acts to maintain heterochromatin during metamorphosis, at a later stage in development than the reported action of SU(VAR)3-9. Surprisingly, depletion of both of these enzymes has less deleterious effect than depletion of one. These results imply that dSETDB1 acts as a heterochromatin maintenance factor that may be required for the persistence of earlier developmental events normally governed by SU(VAR)3-9. In addition, the genetic interactions between dSETDB1 and Su(var)3-9 mutations emphasize the importance of maintaining the activities of these histone methyltransferases in balance for normal genome function.
Predictors for adherence in hypertensive therapy- A study in rural area of District Dehradun

Background: The adherence to hypertensive medication is not good in our country making it an important medical and public health issue. Factors contributing to non-compliance may vary from country to country. It is furthermore a dynamic phenomenon and its degree vary from time to time. Information on the degree of anti-hypertensive treatment compliance is lacking in our country. Objectives: (1) Measuring the medication adherence using validated tools and (2) investigating the patient related, disease related, medication related and health care system related factors affecting patients adherence to anti-hypertensive therapy. Methodology: a) Study design: cross sectional descriptive questionnaire based analytical study b) Sampling: Multistage sampling method c) Statistical analysis: Chi square, odds ratio and linear regression. Results: a) Adherence to antihypertensive therapy was 73%, b) Age was found to be significantly and independently associated with adherence, c) Patients on mono therapy were less adherent compared to those on two or three drugs, d) Patients who were aware of the association between certain risk factors for hypertension had better adherence. Conclusion: Future studies are recommended to confirm our findings, as adherence to medication predicts better outcomes and indicators of poor adherence to a medication needs counselling and interventions to improve adherence
A Multistage Architecture for Statistical Inference with Stochastic Signal Acquisition

We describe a statistical inference approach for designing signal acquisition interfaces and inference systems with stochastic devices. A signal is observed by an array of binary comparison sensors, such as highly scaled comparators in an analog-to-digital converter, that exhibit random offsets in their reference levels due to process variations or other uncertainties. These offsets can limit the performance of conventional measurement devices. In our approach, we build redundancy into the sensor array and use statistical estimation techniques to account for uncertainty in the observations and produce a more reliable estimate of the acquired signal. We develop an observational model and find a Cramer-Rao lower bound on the achievable square error performance of such a system. We then propose a two-stage inference architecture that uses a coarse estimate to select a subset of the sensor outputs for further processing, reducing the overall complexity of the system while achieving near-optimal performance. The performance of the architecture is demonstrated using a simulated prototype for parameter estimation and symbol detection applications. The results suggest the feasibility of using unreliable components to build reliable signal acquisition and inference systems.
ON THE ROLE OF Ia IN B-T CELL INTERACTION

The anti-Lac B precursor cells from Balb/c mice which survive cytotoxic treatment with anti-Ia k will respond to Lac-KLH in culture but require more KLH helper T cells than the untreated B cell population. These findings are not explainable by the simple Poisson assumption of a constant target of T-B interaction. We propose an interaction theory with variable Ia target on the B cell surface. The theory quantitatively predicts the observed dose-response relationships, and implies a central role for Ia in T-B interaction.
Feed efficiency, blood parameters, and ingestive behavior of young Nellore males and females

This study aimed to evaluate differences in efficiency of feed utilization between young Nellore males and females by comparing growth traits, feed intake, blood parameters, and ingestive behavior of the animals. Data from 768 Nellore males and females that participated in eight performance tests for individual feed intake evaluation were used. Performance and feed efficiency measures, efficiency-related hematological, metabolic and hormonal variables, and data regarding ingestive behavior were collected. Feed efficiency measures were defined by the relationship between performance and feed intake. Data were analyzed using mixed models that included the fixed effects of sex, herd, and the covariate age within sex and the random effects of facility within year, year, and residual. Significant differences between males and females were observed for traits related to weight gain and feed intake. Although individual dynamics of feed efficiency measures differed between males and females, no significant differences in residual feed intake, feed efficiency, or relative growth rate were observed between sexes. Significant differences between sexes were found for platelets, red blood cells, hemoglobin, creatinine, glucose, urea, triglycerides, insulin, cortisol, and IGF-I. Females spent more time feeding and less time ruminating when compared to males. However, males exhibited higher feeding efficiency and lower rumination efficiency than females. Growing Nellore males and females are efficient in feed utilization, and the differences in blood variables observed are probably due to differences in body size and feed intake. Males spend less time eating, consume more food, and spend more time ruminating than females.
The Missing Word in Lawrence v. Texas

There are many satisfying words in Lawrence v. Texas. Equality and Liberty. Privacy and History. Even a few references to “Lesbian.” What could be missing? An apology. Something like “sorry” or a mention of “remorse.” The Court stated that, “Bowers was not correct when it was decided, and it is not correct today. It ought not to remain binding precedent. Bowers v. Hardwick should be and now is overruled.” For some, this may have read as an apology. It may be an admittance of error, but it was not the apology that sexual minorities deserve. We deserve an apology for the seventeen years of grief, pain, and death caused by Bowers v. Hardwick, which the Court now admits has always been wrong.
Direct Evidence of the Si Interstitialicy Injection and Fast diffusion effect in Si During Pulsed Laser Melt Process

High temperature gradient induced fast diffusion effect during pulsed laser melt processes is reported for the first time in the Si semiconductor. We use both the oxidationinduced stacking faults and dislocation loops as markers to determine the degree of enhanced diffusion in the unmelted Si substrate by tracing their movement after laser melt. The crosssectional transmission electron microscope is employed to investigate the defect structures before and after laser melt. The expanded dislocation loops exhibit a significant diffusion and climb occurring during the nanosecond-scale processing duration. We also formulate and solve the governed diffusion equation, based on a high temperature gradient induced electric field, to simulate the dislocation movement. The agreement between the experimental and simulated results verifies that the fast diffusion effect indeed occurs in the Si semiconductor during the pulsed laser melt period.
Quantum limits of optical amplification

Ideal phase-insensitive amplifiers have a 3dB noise figure at high gains. We show through theory and experiment that fiber parametric amplifiers do not reach this limit due to coupling of noise via the Raman effect.
Delayed Treatment Seeking Following the April 16th Shootings at Virginia Tech: Impact on a First Responder

This case study discusses the treatment of an emergency responder to the 2007 shooting on Virginia Tech’s campus where 33 students and faculty members were killed. After a thorough assessment, prol...
Regioselective gold-catalyzed oxidative C-N bond formation

A novel protocol for the regioselective intermolecular amination of various arenes has been developed. By using an I(III) oxidant in the presence of a Au(I) catalyst, a direct and novel route for regioselectively accessing a variety of substituted aniline moieties has been achieved with yields as high as 90%. Mechanistic insight suggests that regioselectivity can be predicted based on electrophilic aromatic metalation patterns.
Explaining Boris Pasternak's Observation that Complex Ideas Are Sometimes Easier to Understand

Probably the most cited lines from the poetry of the Nobel-prize winning Russian writer Boris Pasternak contain the observation that complex ideas are sometimes easier to understand than simpler ones. This is not just a paradoxical poetic statement: many teachers have observed the same seemingly counter-intuitive phenomenon. In this paper, we provide a possible explanation for this phenomenon, by showing that indeed, many easier-to-describe mathematical models lead to more-difficult-tosolve mathematical problems. 1 Formulation of the Problem Complex ideas are easier to understand: a somewhat counter-intuitive observation. One of the most popular poems of the Nobel Prize winning writer Boris Pasternak, titled The Waves, has the lines that many Russian-speaking people know by heart: “Nel’zia ne vpast’ k kontsu, kak v eres’, v neslyhannuiu prostotu. No my poschazeny ne budem, Kogda ee ne utaim. One vsego nuzhnee liudiam, No slozhnoe poniatnei im.” The meaning of these lines, written in 1931, is well preserved in the following English translation from [3]: Assured of kinship with all things And with the future closely knit We can’t but fall a heresy! To unbelievable simplicity. But to be spared we can’t expect If we do not conceal it closely. Men need it more than anything,
Extension Advertising's Impact on Brand Equity

When does advertising which describes a new use for a product or service (extension advertising) help or harm or strength a brand’s equity among loyal consumers? This paper illustrates how products and services with high brand equity can leverage their impact of their equity by increasing one’s perceived versatility of the product or by increasing one’s attitude toward using it in a different way or in a different situation. A model is presented that suggests that extension ads can have a positive impact if product-specific thoughts are stimulated by the ad or if the ad has a strong impact on one’s attitude toward the extension or on one’s perceived versatility of the brand or service.
Acute stroke after total joint arthroplasty: a population-based trend analysis.

Abstract Study objectives This study aims to determine trends and predictors of acute stroke among total joint arthroplasty (TJA) patients using nationally representative data. Design Retrospective database review. Setting Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. Patients A total of 1,762,496 TJAs from 2002 to 2011. Interventions Patients underwent primary or revision total hip or total knee arthroplasty. Measurements Development of perioperative acute stroke. Main Results Among 1,762,496 TJAs, 2414 patients (0.14%) developed stroke; 1918 (79.45%) cases were ischemic and the remaining 496 (20.55%) cases were hemorrhagic stroke. The incidence of stroke decreased steadily from 0.17% in 2002 to 0.14% in 2011, which was statistically significant ( P P Conclusions Despite a decline in the rate of stroke and stroke-related mortality after TJA, stroke still seems to be a major cause of in-hospital mortality. The present study outlines some risk factors for stroke after TJA. Recognition of these factors and identification of the at-risk patients may allow for appropriate allocation of resources and ability to minimize this complication after TJA.
Mechanical ventilation treatment of severe HFMD combined neurogenic pulmonary edema

Objective: To investigate the treatment of mechanical ventilation for children with severe hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) combined neurogenic pulmonary edema(NPE).Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 16 severe HFMD cases combined NPE was performed.All cases were accepted tracheal cannulae and the treatment of mechanical ventilation which respiration pattern was intermittent positive-pressure ventilation(IPPV) and positive end expiratory pressure(PEEP) as well as conventional treatment simultaneously.Results: Among 12 cases who appeared improvement of NPE,10 cases were clinical cured,2 cases were give up the treatment by their parents because of multiple organ failure.4 cases died at 3～17 h after hospitalized as a result of the rapid aggravation of patient's condition.Conclusion: Mechanical ventilation is one of save and effective therapeutic approach for severe HFMD combined NPE.It can reduce the mortality of severe HFMD.PEEP is the key of mechanical ventilation treatment of NPE.
Fair care? How Ecuadorian women negotiate childcare in fair trade flower production☆

Synopsis Ethical trade initiatives are one strategy to alleviate the exploitative tendencies of capitalist production for workers in the Global South, but to what extent these initiatives support care is an open question. This study uses qualitative interviews with 38 women workers with children to examine their perspectives about employment and care at a fair trade certified rose farm in Ecuador. Women described generally good working conditions, but highlighted their job's long hours, low pay, and inadequate childcare. Their job necessitated that they organized private “gendered economic strategies” (Casanova, 2011) for securing childcare—strategies which allowed them to provide financial support for their children, but which strained their ability to fulfill gendered expectations about care. Despite its benefits, I argue that fair trade provides insufficient support for care in its standards and production structures. In this case, it falls short of facilitating care arrangements that would further development.
Lipoid pneumonia: An unusual and preventable illness in elderly patients.

Mr B., an 82-year-old man, presented to the emergency department with a history of coughing and wheezing for 2 weeks without fever or chills. He was afebrile, with a normal white blood cell count and differential. A chest x-ray scan showed patchy perihilar and right basal opacity ([Figure 1][1]). Mr
Altered Myokine Secretion Is an Intrinsic Property of Skeletal Muscle in Type 2 Diabetes

Skeletal muscle secretes factors, termed myokines. We employed differentiated human skeletal muscle cells (hSMC) cultured from Type 2 diabetic (T2D) and non-diabetic (ND) subjects to investigate the impact of T2D on myokine secretion. Following 24 hours of culture concentrations of selected myokines were determined to range over 4 orders of magnitude. T2D hSMC released increased amounts of IL6, IL8, IL15, TNFa, Growth Related Oncogene (GRO)a, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and follistatin compared to ND myotubes. T2D and ND hSMC secreted similar levels of IL1s and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Treatment with the inflammatory agents lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or palmitate augmented the secretion of many myokines including: GROa, IL6, IL8, IL15, and TNFa, but did not consistently alter the protein content and/or phosphorylation of IkBa, p44/42 MAPK, p38 MAPK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and NF-kB, nor lead to consistent changes in basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake or free fatty acid oxidation. Conversely, treatment with pioglitazone or oleate resulted in modest reductions in the secretion of several myokines. Our results demonstrate that altered secretion of a number of myokines is an intrinsic property of skeletal muscle in T2D, suggesting a putative role of myokines in the response of skeletal muscle to T2D.
Picturing Labor: Gender, German Ethnography, and Anticolonial Reforms in the Philippines

The late Spanish Colonial Era of the Philippines witnessed a growing community of revolutionary-minded Indios who sought to return to the vibrant precolonial economic activity of the Philippines. They identified Spanish colonial treatment of women as a cause of the Philippines’ “backward” state. These reformers turned to German ethnologists to undermine the Spanish chronicle of colonial progress. Petrou examines how German ethnologist A.B. Meyer achieved this counternarrative by depicting both men and women equally. By analyzing the images of women through the additional lens of work, one can see more clearly how Meyer used ethnographic photograph albums to fulfill both the aims of the Filipino nationalists as well as his own aims for reforming the existing methods and theories within the German ethnographic community.
Big data computation of taxi movement in New York City

We seek to extract and explore statistics that characterize New York City traffic flows based on 700 million taxi trips in the 2010–2013 New York City taxi data. This paper presents a two-part solution for intensive computation: space and time design considerations for estimating taxi trajectories with Dijkstra's algorithm, and job parallelization and scheduling with HTCondor. Our contribution is to present a solution that reduces execution time from 3,000 days to less than a day with detailed analysis of the necessary design decisions.
Thermally Activated Formation of Reactive Lattice Oxygen in Titania on Nanoporous Gold

Nanoporous gold modified by atomic layer deposition of titania was employed as a model, inverse supported precious metal catalyst to explore the oxidative reactivity of Au/TiO2 catalysts. The catalyst material is active for oxidation of CO using O from the titania lattice, even at low temperatures. The reactive lattice oxygen available for oxidative reactions was formed by thermal activation, with the total oxidative reactivity of the material showing a strong dependence on the annealing temperature prior to CO exposure. Finally, reduction of the titania via CO oxidation can be reversed under relatively mild conditions by exposure to O2, presenting a viable mechanism for CO oxidation in steady state catalytic conditions.
Triangulating Neighborhood Knowledge to Understand Neighborhood Change: Methods to Study Gentrification:

Neighborhood change is a complex phenomenon that may result in a range of physical, demographic, and economic changes in a locality. Using four case studies of transit neighborhoods in Los Angeles,...
Canopy temperature depression at grain filling correlates to winter wheat yield in the U.S. Southern High Plains

Abstract Wheat breeding has improved drought tolerance over the years. However, our knowledge on drought tolerance in relation to the diurnal pattern of canopy temperature (CT) and grain yield is limited. A three-season wheat field study ending 2012, 2015, and 2016 was conducted at Bushland, Texas to investigate the relationship between canopy temperature depression (CTD) and yield during the grain filling period. For each season, 20 elite wheat genotypes were grown under dryland conditions, and CT was measured by Smart Crop wireless IRT sensors every 15 min continuously for 12–15 days during mid-grain filling (∼10–25 days after flowering). There was a genotypic variation for CTD regardless of time of the day; however, the variation was more evident during the day time (10:00–18:00 h), with the smallest CTD (i.e., warmer canopy) at 14:00–15:00 h. In a dry season of 2012, TAM 304, TAM 112, Dumas, and Hatcher had greater CTD (i.e., cooler canopy) than other genotypes. In two wet/near normal seasons (2015 and 2016) Duster, TAM 111, TAM 110, TAM 112, and TAM 105 had greater CTD. There was a significant (P
Anterior cingulate activation to implicit threat before and after treatment for pediatric anxiety disorders.

Abstract Background Research suggests that individuals with anxiety have difficulty ignoring threat distractors when completing tasks with competing stimuli. Studies examining the neural correlates of these emotional processing difficulties in youth anxiety highlight reduced recruitment of regions associated with goal-directed attention, such as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In the current study, we examined neural activation during an emotional conflict task in youth with anxiety disorders before and after treatment. Methods Twenty-five youth (ages 9–19 years) with generalized, separation, and/or social anxiety disorder and 25 healthy controls underwent 2 functional magnetic resonance imaging scans approximately 13 weeks apart. At each scan, participants completed a task in which they matched shapes in the context of emotional distractors (happy and threatening faces). Between scans, anxious youth were treated with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) sertraline or cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Results Prior to treatment, anxious youth exhibited reduced activation of the medial prefrontal cortex, encompassing the rostral ACC, when matching shapes in the context of threat distractors relative to healthy controls. Activation in this region increased in anxious youth after treatment, but remained unchanged in the healthy control group. Increases in rostral ACC activation were related to greater reductions in social anxiety and avoidance symptoms following treatment. Conclusions Effective treatments for pediatric anxiety may enhance rostral ACC response during attempts to filter out threat-relevant stimuli. Enhanced recruitment of this region may constitute one manner in which CBT and SSRI treatment reduce youth anxiety symptoms, particularly social anxiety and avoidance.
Quantifying Inhibitory Control as Externalizing Proneness: A Cross-Domain Model:

Recent mental health initiatives have called for a shift away from purely report-based conceptualizations of psychopathology toward a biobehaviorally oriented framework. The current work illustrates a measurement-oriented approach to challenges inherent in efforts to integrate biological and behavioral indicators with psychological-report variables. Specifically, we undertook to quantify the construct of inhibitory control (inhibition-disinhibition) as the individual difference dimension tapped by self-report, task-behavioral, and brain response indicators of susceptibility to disinhibitory problems (externalizing proneness). In line with prediction, measures of each type cohered to form domain-specific factors, and these factors loaded in turn onto a cross-domain inhibitory control factor reflecting the variance in common among the domain factors. Cross-domain scores predicted behavioral-performance and brain-response criterion measures as well as clinical problems (i.e., antisocial behaviors and substance abuse). Implications of this new cross-domain model for research on neurobiological mechanisms of inhibitory control and health/performance outcomes associated with this dispositional characteristic are discussed.
Fatty Infiltration Is a Prognostic Marker of Muscle Function After Rotator Cuff Tear.

Background:Massive rotator cuff tears (RCTs) begin as primary tendon injuries and cause a myriad of changes in the muscle, including atrophy, fatty infiltration (FI), and fibrosis. However, it is u...
What matters in patient-centered medical home transformation: Whole system evaluation outcomes of the Brown Primary Care Transformation Initiative.

Objectives:Patient-centered medical home transformation initiatives for enhancing team-based, patient-centered primary care are widespread in the United States. However, there remain large gaps in ...
From Day to Twilight to Night

Life on planet Earth is tuned to the diurnal drama of day-twilight-night-dawn-day. As Earth rotates within the sunlight sheath, the outward-looking observer notes changes of brightness which cover many powers of ten. The day sky, in the absence of clouds, appears as a blue vault resulting from the scattering of sunlight by the atmospheric components. The brightness of the sky decreases rapidly after sunset as the solar rays illuminate only the higher regions of the atmosphere above the observer. At a solar depression of 18° (end of astronomical twilight) the amount of illuminated atmosphere has become so small that the scattered sunlight is trivial and the night sky can be observed without twilight competition (Figure 1-1).
Conference report—Conference on Electrical insulation and Dielectric Phenomena 2018 [Bulletin Board]

It was my great pleasure to welcome colleagues and experts from all over the world to the 2018 Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP) that was held in Cancun, Mexico, from October 21 to 24, 2018. The CEIDP was established within the Division of Engineering and Industrial Research of the National Academy of Sciences–National Research Council in 1920 and is now in its 98th year. The conference continues to provide opportunity for specialists from around the world to meet annually for exchange of expertise relevant to the properties of insulation materials and is now fully sponsored by the Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society of the IEEE.
Cultural feelings: mood, mediation and cultural politics

In reading Ben Highmore’s lucid, timely and useful new book about collective feelings and the social and political forces shaping them, I have been thinking about how the mood of just about everybo...
Cannabis Use Disorder and Epilepsy: A Cross-National Analysis of 657 072 Hospitalized Patients.

Background and objectives Recent evidence has suggested that cannabis use precipitates cerebrovascular events. We investigated the relationship between cannabis use disorder (CUD) and hospitalization for epilepsy. Methods Nationwide inpatient sample (NIS) was analyzed from 2010 to 2014 for patients (age 15-54) with a primary diagnosis of epilepsy (N = 657 072) and comparison was made between patients with ICD-9 classification of CUD and without CUD. We utilized logistic regression to study the association (odds ratio [OR]) between CUD and epilepsy. Results The incidence of CUD in epilepsy patients was 5.77%, and patients with CUD had a threefold higher likelihood of emergency admissions. Patients with CUD were younger (25-34 years), male and African American. In regression analysis, adjusted for confounders, cannabis (OR, 1.56), tobacco (OR, 1.20), and alcohol (OR, 1.63) use disorders were found to be associated with higher odds of epilepsy hospitalization, but lower odds with cocaine (OR, 0.953), amphetamine (OR, 0.893), and opioid (OR, 0.828) use disorders. Conclusions and scientific significance With the increasing prevalence of medical marijuana legalization, there is increased use of medicinal marijuana. Studies of cannabidiol and marijuana for epilepsy have been highly publicized, leading to its off-label use for treatment. There is limited evidence to suggest that the cannabinoids may also induce a seizure. This study found that CUD is independently associated with a 56% increased likelihood of epilepsy hospitalization and this association persists even after adjusting for other substance use disorders and confounders. (Am J Addict 2019;28:353-360).
Enhancing decision making for treatment options and active surveillance in prostate cancer.

e15187 Background: Prostate cancer (PCa), the most common malignancy among U.S. males, ranks second in tumor-specific mortality. African-Americans (AA) experience the highest rates of PCa mortality...
Controller-Oblivious Dynamic Access Control in Software-Defined Networks

Conventional network access control approaches are static (e.g., user roles in Active Directory), coarse-grained (e.g., 802.1x), or both (e.g., VLANs). Such systems are unable to meaningfully stop or hinder motivated attackers seeking to spread throughout an enterprise network. To address this threat, we present Dynamic Flow Isolation (DFI), a novel architecture for supporting dynamic, fine-grained access control policies enforced in a Software-Defined Network (SDN). These policies can emit and revoke specific access control rules automatically in response to network events like users logging off, letting the network adaptively reduce unnecessary reachability that could be potentially leveraged by attackers. DFI is oblivious to the SDN controller implementation and processes new packets prior to the controller, making DFI's access control resilient to a malicious or faulty controller or its applications. We implemented DFI for OpenFlow networks and demonstrated it on an enterprise SDN testbed with around 100 end hosts and servers. Finally, we evaluated the performance of DFI and how it enables a novel policy, which is otherwise difficult to enforce, that protects against a surrogate of the recent NotPetya malware in an infection scenario. We found that the threat was most limited in its ability to spread using our policy, which automatically restricted network flows over the course of the attack, compared to no access control or a static role-based policy.
An Ugi-like Biosynthetic Pathway Encodes Bombesin Receptor Subtype-3 Agonists.

Isocyanide functional groups can be found in a variety of natural products. Rhabduscin is one such isocyanide-functionalized immunosuppressant produced in Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus gammaproteoba...
Iterated Jackknives and Two-Sided Variance Inequalities

We consider the variance of a function of n independent random variables and provide inequalities that generalize previous results obtained for i.i.d. random variables. In particular we obtain upper and lower bounds on the variance based on iterated jackknife statistics that can be considered generalizations of the Efron–Stein inequality.
Examining bacteria on skin and jewelry since the implementation of hand sanitizer in hospitals

Nurses currently disinfect their hands with antibacterial soap and hand sanitizer. This comparative, descriptive study evaluated skin bacteria at baseline and 30 days after jewelry removal in intensive care unit nurses. Identified bacteria species were: (1) Bacillus, (2) Micrococcus, (3) coagulase negative Staphylococcus, (4) Diphtheroid, ( 5) Streptococcus, and (6) nonenteric gram-negative rods. The majority of the bacteria was found on skin at baseline. Bacterial counts significantly decreased at 30 days.
N=1 Modelling of Lifestyle Impact on SleepPerformance.

Sleep is critical to leading a healthy lifestyle. Each day, most people go to sleep without any idea about how their night's rest is going to be. For an activity that humans spend around a third of their life doing, there is a surprising amount of mystery around it. Despite current research, creating personalized sleep models in real-world settings has been challenging. Existing literature provides several connections between daily activities and sleep quality. Unfortunately, these insights do not generalize well in many individuals. For these reasons, it is important to create a personalized sleep model. This research proposes a sleep model that can identify causal relationships between daily activities and sleep quality and present the user with specific feedback about how their lifestyle affects their sleep. Our method uses N-of-1 experiments on longitudinal user data and event mining to generate understanding between lifestyle choices (exercise, eating, circadian rhythm) and their impact on sleep quality. Our experimental results identified and quantified relationships while extracting confounding variables through a causal framework. These insights can be used by the user or a personal health navigator to provide guidance in improving sleep.
Practical Strategies for Identifying and Managing Burnout in Plastic Surgeons.

Background Physician burnout is a well-known problem and widespread issue in the field of medicine. Recently, more attention has been given to the significance of burnout among plastic surgeons. The cause of burnout is multifactorial, with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a reduced sense of personal accomplishment all playing a role. The objective of this article is to provide practical measures to help plastic surgeons in identifying the signs of burnout, thereby mitigating its consequences. Methods A literature review was performed to determine the comprehensive findings of previous research conducted on burnout among plastic surgeons. Particular interest was given to successful tactics used in managing work-related stress. Wellness strategies and resources from both academic and private medical settings were also obtained to further review methods for burnout management. Results There is a wide range of causes and risk factors for burnout among plastic surgeons. The majority of cases correlate with increased workload, loss of physician autonomy, and, in the context of trainees, lack of mentorship. Managing burnout can be supported by identification through survey tools. Establishing a wellness committee is also useful to develop institution-specific interventions. Equally as important, individuals must take steps to manage and minimize their burnout. Conclusions This article provides practical strategies for institutions to identify and manage burnout among plastic surgeons. It is obvious that causes of burnout vary in different settings such as academic and community hospitals; therefore, it is critical for institutions to individualize their approach to burnout.
Wide posterior gluteal-thigh propeller flap for reconstruction of perineal defects.

Introduction With increasing popularity of minimally invasive approaches to abdominoperineal resection (APR), thigh-based flaps are becoming the preferred option for reconstruction. The gluteal-thigh flap provides sufficient bulk, albeit with a high complication rate. We reevaluated the vascularization and design of the gluteal-thigh flap. The purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of the vascularization of the posterior thigh skin by the descending branch of the inferior gluteal artery (IGA) and the profunda femoris artery (PFA) perforators to design a more reliable and versatile gluteal thigh flap. This flap is indicated in selected cases in which use of vertical rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap is not feasible. Methods Eleven fresh cadavers were used. The course, distribution, and diameter of IGA and PFA perforators were recorded. A wide posterior gluteal-thigh propeller flap (WPGTPF) was designed including the distance between the ischiatic tuberosity and greater trochanter; and extending it to within 8 cm of the popliteal fossa to improve flap reliability. Ten patients (mean age of 58.7 ± 10.6 years) underwent APR due to anal cancer (2) and rectal cancer (8); the approach was open in 3, laparoscopic in 6, and robotic in 1. All 10 patients received unilateral flap with a width of 12 ± 3.3 cm and surface of 405.5 ± 175.9 cm2 . Results The descending branch of the IGA was dominant in 72.7% of the specimens. In 22.7% of the specimens, the pedicle of the flap derived from the first or second PFA perforators. In one case, there was a double vascularization. Descending branch of the IGA was mapped at 46 ± 7.96 mm on the X-axis (horizontal line from the ischial tuberosity [IT] to the greater trochanter) and -12.1 ± 17.9 mm on the Y-axis (vertical line from the IT to the Medial Femoral condyle). Its average caliber measured 2.18 ± 0.3 mm. The first and second PFA perforators were located at 101.6 ± 17.9 mm and 104.5 ± 15.5 mm on the X-axis; 35.9 ± 27.1 mm and 89.2 ± 37.6 mm on the Y-axis. Their average diameters were 1.84 ± 0.41 mm and 1.48 ± 0.3 mm. In two cases, the flap was based on the first PFA perforator, the rest were on the descending branch of the IGA. Neither complete nor partial flap necrosis was observed. One patient developed coccyx osteomyelitis treated and resolved with bone debridement and one patient developed a seroma of the lateral thigh that was treated conservatively. Three patients underwent a debulking procedure by a combination of liposuction and resection to improve the gluteal symmetry. All ten flaps survived completely. Conclusions Harvest of a wide flap that includes the PFA perforators and implementation of the propeller design increase the survival and versatility of the flap.