cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Populations in Kentucky Alfalfa and Influence of Tillage

A study was conducted to characterize ground beetle populations in alfalfa and to determine influence of tillage practice on that community. Over 11,000 individuals and 40 species of ground beetles were trapped, indicating large and diverse populations of carabids. However, only 15 individual species represented >1% of the total community during either year of the study. In a simulated 4-year successional study, three species ( Evarthrus sodalis LeConte, Harpalus pennsylvanicus De Geer, and Amara cupreolata Putzeys) were clearly dominant throughout the investigation. Relative abundance of these species changed yearly, but they were not replaced by other species. Lack of soil disturbance in no-tillage plots did not increase the number of species or abundance of carabids in those plots. Based on their rapid colonization of new habitats, ability to maintain high population levels over time, and asynchronous temporal distribution, the aforementioned species have the greatest potential as predators of major alfalfa pests.
Small-sample properties of covariance-adjusted survivorship data tests for treatment effect

Monte Carlo methods are used to examine the small-sample properties of 11 test statistics that can be used for comparing several treatments with respect to their mortality experiences while adjusting for covariables. The test statistics are investigated from three distinct models: the parametric, semiparametric and rank analysis of covariance (Quade, 1967) models. Four tests (likelihood ratio, Wald, conditional and unconditional score tests) from each of the first two models and three tests (based on rank scores) from the last model are discussed. The empirical size and power of the tests are investigated under a proportional hazards model in three situations: (1) the baseline hazard is correctly assumed to be Exponential, (2) the baseline hazard is incorrectly assumed to be Exponential, and (3) a treatment-covariate interaction is omitted from the analysis.
A reconsideration of Legendre-Jacobi symbols

Abstract The classical definition of the Jacobi symbol (a:b) was badly conceived for negative values of b. Alternative useful definitions of (a:−1) are proposed here. This is an elaboration of a point in the article “Spinor genera of binary quadratic forms” in this issue.
Magnetic field and electric current structure in the chromosphere

Three dimensional vector magnetic field structure throughout the chromosphere above an active region is deduced by combining high resolution Hα filtergrams with a simultaneous digital magnetogram. An analog model of the field is made with 400 metal wires representing fieldlines which are assumed to outline the Hα structure. The height extent of the field is determined from vertical field gradient observations around sunspots, from observed fibril heights and from an assumption that the sources of the field should be largely local. After digitization the magnetic field H matrix is retrieved. Electric current densities j are computed from j=curl H. The currents (typically 10 mA m−2) flow in patterns not similar to observed features and not parallel to magnetic fields. Lorentz forces are computed from {ie0323-01}. The force structures correspond to observed solar features and a series of observed dynamics may be expected: downward motion in bipolar areas in lower chromosphere, an outflow of the outer chromosphere into the corona with radially outward flow above bipolar plage regions (where coronal streamers are observed) and motions of arch filament systems. Observed current structure and magnitude agree well with previous vector magnetograph observations but disagree with theoretical current-free or force-free concepts. A dynamic chromosphere with electromagnetic forces in action is thus inferred from observations.
Equilibrium, kinetics and enthalpy of hydrogen adsorption in MOF-177

Abstract Metal–organic framework (MOF-177) was synthesized, characterized and evaluated for hydrogen adsorption as a potential adsorbent for hydrogen storage. The hydrogen adsorption equilibrium and kinetic data were measured in a volumetric unit at low pressure and in a magnetic suspension balance at hydrogen pressure up to 100 bar. The MOF-177 adsorbent was characterized with nitrogen adsorption for pore textural properties, scanning electron microscopy for morphology and particle size, and X-ray powder diffraction for phase structure. The MOF-177 synthesized in this work was found to have a uniform pore size distribution with median pore size of 12.7 A, a higher specific surface area (Langmuir: 5994 m2/g; BET: 3275 m2/g), and a higher hydrogen adsorption capacity (11.0 wt.% excess adsorption, 19.67 wt.% absolute adsorption) than previously reported values on MOF-177. Freundlich equation fits well the hydrogen adsorption isotherms at low and high pressures. Diffusivity and isosteric heat of hydrogen adsorption were estimated from the hydrogen adsorption kinetics and equilibrium data measured in this work.
Tolerance to Opioid Narcotics: Time Course and Reversibility of Physical Dependence in Mice

REPEATED administration of an opiate narcotic leads to the tolerant-dependent state. Previous communications1,2 from this laboratory have described the relationship between the degree of tolerance in mice and the dose, interval and duration of exposure to an opiate. Recently, jumping behaviour elicited by the opiate antagonist, naloxone, was shown to be a sensitive indicator of the degree of dependence3. We have used this method to follow the time courses of the onset and reversal of dependence in various conditions of exposure to opiates.
Effect of Haemophilus influenzae infection and moxalactam on platelet function in children.

Abstract In a prospective randomized study, children with Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis received moxalactam or ampicillin or chloramphenicol. Of 41 children, 6 had prolonged bleeding times (greater than 6 min), and 7 of 9 tested had abnormal platelet aggregation at hospital admission. At the end of therapy, no children in the ampicillin-chloramphenicol group, compared with 5 of 22 moxalactam-treated children (23%) (P = 0.08), had prolonged bleeding times (6.5 to 7.5 min). Our data suggest that H. influenzae meningitis and treatment with moxalactam may each have an effect on platelet function in children.
Isolation and characterization of an operator-constitutive mutation in the recA gene of E. coli K-12

The recA gene of E. coli is regulated by a specific repressor, the lexA protein, which binds to an operator in the recA regulatory region. We describe in this paper the isolation and characterization of a mutant thought to carry an operator-constitutive mutation in the recA gene. This mutation has the following properties: 1) It partially suppresses the UV sensitivity of lexA- strains. 2) It maps near the recA gene. 3) It allows constitutive high-level synthesis of recA protein in both lexA- and lexA+ backgrounds. 4) It allows constitutive synthesis of the recA messenger RNA. 5) It is cis-acting. The mutation does not restore induced cellular mutagenesis in a lexA- background. The expression of induced repair and mutagenesis of UV irradiated phage lambda or the regulation of the lexA gene is not affected by the presence of the mutation in either a lexA+ or lexA- strain. These observations confirm other findings that high levels of recA protein synthesis per se is not sufficient for the expression of UV inducible functions and that the lexA protein represses other genes besides the recA gene.
Marine and coastal agreement

Six Central American nations have signed an agreement to improve coastal habitats, including mangrove swamps, beaches, and coral reefs. Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama signed the Convention on Cooperation in the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Northeast Pacific on 18 February.
The Wills functional for Poisson processes

Abstract This paper establishes a Poisson analogue of the Wills functional for Gaussian processes. For a Poisson process P t , t ∈ [ 0 , T ] , with intensity function λ t , let X t = P t − ∫ 0 t λ s d s . We derive an expression for W ( P , r ) = E { exp ( max 0 ≤ t ≤ T [ r X t − r 2 2 E X t 2 ] ) } , r ≥ 0 .
Metastasizing thymoma and myasthenia gravis. Favorable response to glucocorticoids after failed chemotherapy and radiation therapy

Myasthenia gravis (MG) occurs in up to 44% of patients with thymoma. Thirty-three percent of these neoplasms are invasive but extrathoracic disease is rare. Recently, we saw a patient with MG and recurrent, metastasizing mixed lymphoepithelial thymoma, whose disease was resistant to combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy but who responded dramatically to treatment with daily glucocorticoids. Thus, therapy with daily glucocorticoids should be considered in the treatment of invasive or metastatic thymoma associated with MG, including when conventional surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have failed.
Lipids and tocopherols in serum and liver of female rats fed diets containing corn oil or cottonseed oil.

Growing female rats were fed diets containing either corn oil (CO) or cottonseed oil (CSO) to determine if the previously reported lowering effect of CSO versus CO on serum total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was sex specific and to compare the effect of these two oils on serum and tissue concentrations of RRR-alpha-tocopherol (α-T) and RRR-gamma-tocopherol (γ-T), the two major tocopherols in these oils. In a 4-week study, groups of rats (n=10 each) were fed diets containing 100 g/kg of either CO or CSO. TC was lower for group CSO than group CO. Serum concentrations of HDL-C, non-HDL-C, triglycerides (TGs), as well as the TC/ HDL-C ratio and the hepatic concentrations of cholesterol and TGs, were unaffected by diet. For serum and liver, between-group differences were noted for the concentrations of α-T (where values were higher for group CSO) and γ-T (where values were lower for group CSO). These differences reflected differences between the oils in their concentrations of these tocopherols. Thus, CSO has a lowering effect on TC for both sexes, but on HDL-C for male animals only; replacement of CO with CSO results in changes in tocopherol status.
Enhancing the photoluminescence of peptide-coated nanocrystals

Colloidal NCs consist of an inorganic particle and an organic coating that determines their solubility, functionality, and influences their photophysics. In order for these NCs to be biocompatible, they must be water-soluble, nontoxic to the cell, and offer conjugation chemistries for attaching recognition molecules to their surfaces. In addition they should efficiently target to biomolecules of interest, be chemically stable, and preserve their high photostability. The requirements for their application in single-molecule biological studies are even more stringent: fluorescent NCs should be monodisperse, have relatively small size (to limit steric hindrance), reduced blinking, large saturation intensity, and high quantum yield (QY).
THE SECOND DECADE OF AIDS: A CALL FOR THE JEWISH AND CHRISTIAN COMMUNITIES OF FAITH TO RESPOND AND TO COLLABORATE WITH PUBLIC HEALTH

The second decade of AIDS demands a response of new and creative efforts for HIV/AIDS prevention education and ministering to persons affected by and living with HIV/AIDS. Jewish and Christian theological and faith‐based arguments are presented to support the call to educate for prevention and the call to minister. The need to network and collaborate with public health for more effective programs is also outlined.
What do donations buy? A model of philanthropy based on prestige and warm glow

Abstract Charities publicize the donations they receive, generally according to dollar categories rather than the exact amount. Donors in turn tend to give the minimum amount necessary to get into a category. These facts suggest that donors have a taste for having their donations made public. This paper models the effects of such a taste for “prestige” on the behavior of donors and charities. I show how a taste for prestige means that charities can increase donations by using categories. The paper also discusses the effect of a taste for prestige on competition between charities.
The Testing the Test Section of the Journal of Counseling & Development: Historical, Contemporary, and Future Perspectives

This article examines the Testing the Test (TESTING) section of this journal and considers its past, present, and future. Also, to provide the reader with a reference sourceabout TESTING, all contributions to the section have been organized and placed in tabular form.
Is social work a green profession? An examination of environmental beliefs:

• Summary: Social work has developed to meet the needs of an industrializing society. As environmental concerns have increased, national, and international social work organizations have called on social workers to incorporate issues of the environment into their professional practice. Although there is a small body of literature related to social work and the environment, the profession has not fully embraced the need to incorporate these issues into social work education or practice. This cross-sectional survey in the United States of a random sample of National Association of Social Workers (NASW) members (n = 373) was designed to gauge the environmental knowledge and attitudes of social work professionals.• Findings: Though social work shares many of the same underlying tenets of groups interested in environmental justice, results suggest that social workers as a profession are no more, nor less, environmentally friendly than the general population.• Applications: By failing to incorporate ecological ...
Proteins for Transport of Water and Mineral Nutrients across the Membranes of Plant Cells

The uptake and transport of water and mineral ions are among the oldest subjects in plant physiology, and numerous studies have described these processes at the whole-plant level and at the organ level (e.g., with excised roots). Subsequent work was based on isolated membrane vesicles and
The rate-limiting step in the cytochrome bc1 complex (Ubiquinol-Cytochrome c Oxidoreductase) is not changed by inhibition of cytochrome b-dependent deprotonation: implications for the mechanism of ubiquinol oxidation at center P of the bc1 complex.

Quinol oxidation at center P of the cytochrome bc1 complex involves bifurcated electron transfer to the Rieske iron-sulfur protein and cytochrome b. It is unknown whether both electrons are transferred from the same domain close to the Rieske protein, or if an unstable semiquinone anion intermediate diffuses rapidly to the vicinity of the bL heme. We have determined the pre-steady state rate and activation energy (Ea) for quinol oxidation in purified yeast bc1 complexes harboring either a Y185F mutation in the Rieske protein, which decreases the redox potential of the FeS cluster, or a E272Q cytochrome b mutation, which eliminates the proton acceptor in cytochrome b. The rate of the bifurcated reaction in the E272Q mutant (
Gene expression profiling of androgen receptor antagonists in the rat fetal testis reveals few common gene targets.

The androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in the fetal testis; however, the role of AR in fetal testicular development is poorly understood. Disrupted AR activity and subsequent gene expression alterations may disturb developmental programming of the fetal testis and result in testicular abnormalities later in life. The present study was performed to examine global gene expression patterns in rat fetal testis following in utero exposure to various AR antagonists. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with flutamide (50 mg/kg/day), linuron (50 mg/kg/day), vinclozolin (200 mg/kg/day), p,p′-DDE (100 mg/kg/day) or corn oil vehicle by gavage daily from gestation day (GD) 12 –19. Testes were isolated on GD 19, and AR immunostaining, histology, and global changes in gene expression were determined. There were no alterations in the pattern or expression level of AR and no apparent histological changes in the fetal testes in any treatment group. Microarray analysis using Dunnett's test with multiple testing correction revealed no significant gene expression alterations following exposure to flutamide, linuron, vinclozolin, and p,p′-DDE. A less stringent analysis yielded some chemical specific effects on gene expression, and these effects were further evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. Vinclozolin treatment reduced the expression of several genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, though the testosterone levels were unchanged in the fetal testes in any treatment group. In flutamide, linuron, and p,p′-DDE treatment groups, the expression of hemoglobin Y, beta-like embryonic chain (Hbb-y) was reduced. Myomesin 2 (Myom2) expression was increased following linuron treatment. Given the lack of a common set of genes and the absence of overt histopathology, we conclude that the fetal testis is not a major target for AR activity at this stage of development although some cell-type specific gene expression changes cannot be ruled out. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 20:7–17, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20110
Physiological responses to freezing in hatchlings of freeze-tolerant and -intolerant turtles

Freeze tolerance is a complex cold-hardiness adaptation that has independently evolved in a diverse group of organisms, including several ectothermic vertebrates. Because little is known about the mechanistic basis for freeze tolerance in reptiles, we compared responses to experimental freezing in winter-acclimatized hatchlings representing nine taxa of temperate North American turtles, including ones that tolerated freezing and others that did not. Viability rates of hatchlings frozen to −3°C for 72 h ranged from 0 to 100%. Tolerance to freezing was poor in Sternotherus odoratus, Graptemys geographica and Trachemys scripta, intermediate in Chelydra serpentina, and high in Emydoidea blandingii, Chrysemys picta bellii, C. p. marginata, Malaclemys terrapin, and Terrapene ornata, and generally reflected the winter thermal ecology of each taxon. Plasma activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a novel in vivo index of freeze/thaw damage, corroborated viability assessments and demonstrated that cryoinjury occurred even in surviving turtles. Irrespective of taxon, cryoinjury tended to be higher in smaller individuals and in those having relatively low water contents; however, bases for these associations were not apparent. Screening for certain organic osmolytes that might promote freezing survival by colligatively reducing ice content and limiting cell dehydration showed that the plasma of unfrozen (control) turtles contained small quantities of glucose (1.3–5.8 mmol l−1) and lactate (0.6–3.2 mmol l−1) and modest amounts of urea (range of mean values for all taxa 8.2–52.3 mmol l−1). Frozen/thawed turtles of all taxa accumulated modest amounts of glucose and lactate that jointly raised the plasma solute concentration by 30–100 mmol l−1. We conclude that organic osmolytes accumulated both before and during freezing may promote survival in species that have evolved a tolerance to freezing, but are not necessarily accumulated for that purpose.
Behavioural ecology in managed reserves: gender‐based asymmetries in interspecific dominance in African elephants and rhinos

As large-bodied mammals become restricted to progressively smaller fragments of former habitat, competitive interactions and interspecies aggression are likely to intensify. Data on the outcomes of 159 encounters between endangered African pachyderms revealed that: (1) female elephants (Loxodonta africana) dominated both sexes of black rhinos (Diceros bicornis); and (2) rhino males but not females displaced elephant bulls. The results of an additional 127 interactions involving pachyderms and 12 additional mammals ranging in size from cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) to giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) indicates that females of either pachyderm deny immediate access to limited resources. Although the evolution of gender-specific asymmetries in interspecific dominance has received little formal study, it may best be explained by understanding patterns of parental investment; however, from a conservation perspective, one consequence of size-related dominance is that with continued containment of elephants and rhinos in managed reserves, the most handicapped species are likely to be the smaller ones.
Lunar Supercomputer Complex: 21st Century DSN Evolution Prospects

While the current Deep Space Network (DSN) has been used successfully for numerous space missions in the past for telemetry, communication and control and for signal and data processing, the rapidly increasing number of mission support and bandwidth overload have become an emerging problem, and alleviating this bottle-neck has become a priority. To strengthen our capability for supporting a large number of new and extended durationexploration vehicles for a variety of deep space missions, both manned and unmanned, as well as for supporting various proposed infrastructure developments on the moon, the concept of building a permanent lunar supercomputer complex serving as a lunar DSN nexus is proposed. The lunar supercomputer complex will serve as a highly reliable, broad bandwidth lunar DSN center for communication, command and control and data processing in cislunar space regime as well as oering expanded capabilities for a large number of proposed deep space missions in the 21st century as we accelerate their pace of deployment and data harvest.
The Origin and Evolution of Cultures; Not by Genes Alone: How Culture Transformed Human Evolution

The Origin and Evolution of Cultures. Robert Boyd and Peter J. Richerson. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. 456 pp. Not by Genes Alone: How Culture Transformed Human Evolution. Peter J. Richerson and Robert Boyd. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005. 332 pp.
Pathogen Recognition and New Insights into Innate Immunity

Immune responses are based on differentiation between self and non-self; further distinctions then must be made regarding an intruder’s potential danger. While the adaptive immune system can elegantly and precisely identify and react to microbes, this is a slow and somewhat inefficient process. In contrast, innate immunity provides the “first responders” to a perceived alert, and does so in a rapid and proactive process. We have evolved an interactive network of pattern recognition receptors that are programmed to respond to conserved molecular elements found on pathogens. These receptors (including the family of Toll-like receptors, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain proteins, and mannose receptors) are found on a wide range of cells but especially on those whose mobility and/or location puts them in frequent contact with the organisms that cross the epithelium. Their ligation can initiate inflammatory cascades that serve to mobilize cells, activate production of cytokine and chemokines, and promote release of inflammatory mediators.
Progesterone receptor signaling in the microenvironment of endometrial cancer influences its response to hormonal therapy

Progesterone, an agonist for the progesterone receptor (PR), can be an efficacious and well-tolerated treatment in endometrial cancer. The clinical use of progesterone is limited because of the lack of biomarkers that predict hormone sensitivity. Despite its efficacy in cancer therapy, mechanisms and site of action for progesterone remain unknown. Using an in vivo endometrial cancer mouse model driven by clinically relevant genetic changes but dichotomous responses to hormonal therapy, we show that signaling through stromal PR is necessary and sufficient for progesterone antitumor effects. Endometrial cancers resulting from epithelial loss of PTEN (PTENKO) were hormone sensitive and had abundant expression of stromal PR. Stromal deletion of PR as a single genetic change in these tumors induced progesterone resistance indicating that paracrine signaling through the stroma is essential for the progesterone therapeutic effects. A hormone-refractory endometrial tumor with low levels of stromal PR developed when activation of KRAS was coupled with PTEN-loss (PTENKO/Kras). The innate progesterone resistance in PTENKO/Kras tumors stemmed from methylation of PR in the tumor microenvironment. Add-back of stromal PR expressed from a constitutively active promoter sensitized these tumors to progesterone therapy. Results show that signaling through stromal PR is sufficient for inducing hormone responsiveness. Our findings suggest that epigenetic derepression of stromal PR could be a potential therapeutic target for sensitizing hormone-refractory endometrial tumors to progesterone therapy. On the basis of these results, stromal expression of PR may emerge as a reliable biomarker in predicting response to hormonal therapy.
Application of Portfolio Theory to Dairy Sire Selection

Abstract Data for 285 Holstein sires from eight studs were used to determine the efficient set of portfolios or the expected income versus variance frontier, that is, the combination of sires that gave the smallest variance of income was found for each expected income. Expected income was measured by an index combining the sire's genetic superiority (in dollars) transmitted to his offspring and semen price. Variance of income increased with increasing expected income, and fewer bulls remained in the efficient set of portfolios as expected income and variance increased. The optimum solution was computed by an estimated utility function for dairymen. Because of the small negative weight for variance of income, three top-income sires were selected; if the weight for variance of income would have been larger, more bulls would have been in the optimum solution. For practical application, the expected income versus variance frontier can be determined with all sires available for artificial insemination, and dairymen can make their selections according to their individual weightings of expected income and variance of income.
Some Multiple Range Tests for Variances

Often times, the experimenter is interested in making inferences about treatment variances instead of, or in addition to, inferences about means. Three multiple range tests are proposed for the purpose of specifying which treatment variances or sets of variances are homogeneous. The procedures are based upon the Fmax statistic, Cochran's statistic, and a normalizing log transformation of the sample variances. All three tests depend heavily upon the underlying assumption of normality.
VGRID: a generic, dynamic HDF5 storage model for georeferenced grid data

Describes the Variable resolution GRID (VGRID) storage model designed to support the storage and retrieval of bathymetric data collected through the Precision Underwater Mapping (PUMA) System using the Tactical Environmental Data Server (TEDS) and the Naval Oceanographic Office's (NAVOCEANO) Digital Bathymetric Data Base-Variable (DBDB-V) Resolution product. Sponsored by the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR, PMW-155), PUMA-TEDS represents a significant advancement in the collection and assimilation of environmental data at global, regional or local levels. Although VGRID has been developed for PUMA bathymetry, its generic implementation makes it suitable for use with any type of environmental data grid through the definition of a product specification. Built on NCSA's Hierarchical Data Format version 5 (HDF5), the VGRID model inherits the HDF5 file format and library implementation that is optimized for large-scale scientific data storage. The VGRID model provides a hierarchy of environmental storage objects: files, constituents, and grids. A VGRID file can contain VGRID constituents enabling multiparameter data storage. VGRID constituents can contain VGRID grids that are identified by resolutions and have grid increments specified in arc minutes, metres, or polar stereographic grid units. The grid interface supports the storage of geographic, polar stereographic, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), and Universal Polar Stereographic (UPS) projected grids. Behind the scenes of the VGRID API, a tile scheme is applied to data written to the VGRID file. When VGRID grids are created, compression options can be set for all tiles created in the resolution. The VGRID tile scheme provides the framework for a robust tile caching mechanism, which minimizes the time required to read data from a VGRID file. The VGRID API uses a "bounce" algorithm to search each resolution and extract the highest resolution data for a point query. In addition, three interpolation options are available for point queries: nearest neighbor, bilinear and minimum curvature spline. The minimum curvature spline algorithm provides a "feathering" capability that effectively reduces the artifacts that often occur at the resolution boundaries of multiple resolution datasets.
Dynamic behaviour and seismic response of El Infiernillo dam

El Infiernillo, a 145 m high rockfill dam in Mexico built in a narrow V-shaped canyon, was subjected to eight major earthquakes since its construction. In this study, the dynamic dam response is analysed using (i) the recorded November 15, 1975 bedrock-crest acceleration histories and (ii) the results of a 1970 full-scale test conducted by UNAM, in which eight upstream–downstream and longitudinal resonant frequencies and configurations were observed and documented. These observed and seismically induced dynamic responses are compared herein to predictions of two different numerical models of El Infiernillo dam; a newly developed simplified three-dimensional (3D) model, and a 3D finite element model. The dynamic dam response characteristics are assessed, and performance of the employed numerical models is evaluated. It is found that (i) higher modes of vibration had participated significantly in the recorded seismic response and (ii) upstream–downstream response is well represented by the two numerical models employed. Using the simplified model, the September 19, 1985 earthquake non-linear response is computed and shown to compare satisfactorily with its recorded counterpart in the upstream-downstream and vertical directions. The largest computed dynamic accelerations, stresses and strains are found to occur within the upper third of the dam body.
Hepatocyte growth factor ameliorates inflammatory bowel disease in a rat model

This study was designed to investigate the benefits of administration of hepatocyte growth factor in a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease. Transfection of the HLA-B27 gene into Fisher rats induces a phenotype similar to inflammatory bowel disease. Fisher rats and HLA-B27 rats were divided into six groups: (1) Fisher, intravenous saline; (2) HLA-B27, intravenous saline; (3) HLA-B27, intravenous hepatocyte growth factor; (4) Fisher, luminal saline; (5) HLA-B27, luminal saline; and (6) HLA-B27, luminal hepatocyte growth factor. Rats received a 14-day infusion through an osmotic pump attached to a catheter positioned in either the jugular vein or the terminal ileum. Rats were evaluated for stool character, and gross and microscopic bowel inflammation. Statistics were analyzed using analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test. A value of P < 0.05 was significant. Compared to untreated HLA-B27 rats, intravenous administration of hepatocyte growth factor decreased diarrhea by 41% and microscopic inflammation by 54% (P < 0.05). Luminal hepatocyte growth factor exposure decreased total bowel lesions by 53% and microscopic inflammation by 40% compared to untreated HLA-B27 rats (P < 0.05), but it did not have an effect on diarrhea. Administration of hepatocyte growth factor ameliorates many of the features of bowel disease in this rat model and theoretically could have therapeutic applications in the management of inflammatory bowel disease in humans.
Pink hypopyon in a patient with Serratia marcescens corneal ulceration

A 65-year-old woman presented to the emergency ward at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary with 2 days of redness, irritation, photophobia, and diminished vision in her left eye. She was found to have a large central corneal ulcer with a small hypopyon. On the following day, after initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the patient had improved symptoms but now had a 2-mm hypopyon that was distinctly pink in color. Cultures were positive for Serratia marcescens. A pink hypopyon, a rare occurrence, alerted the authors to a causative agent of Enterobacteriacae, either Klebsiella or Serratia. Immediate and intensive treatment was subsequently initiated.
On-line collision avoidance for the Ranger telerobotic flight experiment

This paper describes an online approach to whole-arm collision avoidance for the NASA Ranger Telerobotic Flight Experiment. Using a geometric world model, minimum distances and nearest points between parts of the active dexterous 7-DOF manipulator and potential obstacles are computed by the Ranger obstacle detection software. Obstacle data is then used to compute virtual repulsive forces which perturb the operator-commanded manipulator Cartesian motions in order to avoid collisions. The virtual forces are computed at the tool-tip for end-effector position perturbation, at the wrist for end-effector orientation perturbation, and on the upper and lower arm links for arm angle perturbation. The paper also describes the software development environment, utilizing a 3D graphical simulation and providing a graphical user interface for display and operator command. Results of several test runs illustrating end-effector position and orientation perturbation, as well as arm angle perturbation, are presented.
An Experimental Comparison of Alternative Solid Forms for Savannah River High-Level Wastes

Samples of borosilicate glass, high-silica glass, tailored ceramic, and SYNROC, incorporating simulated Savannah River high-level defense waste sludges, were leached by the MCC-1 procedure for times up to 28 days. Cesium, uranium, and cerium leach rates are reported for waste forms containing a composite sludge, at 40°C in deionized water, and at 90°C in deionized water, silicate water, and brine. The ordering of the waste forms from best to worst differs for each element leached, and none of the forms show a clear advantage for all the key radwaste elements. Some cesium leach rates for forms containing high-aluminum or high-iron sludges also are presented. So far, only small effects of sludge type have been observed, with one exception. This study is one of several inputs for selection of an alternative waste form for Savannah River waste.
Next Generation of Applied Internet Technologies in E-Manufacturing

In the last decade we have been witnessing a new revolution in information processing and information accessibility via Internet. The evolution of Information Technologies (IT) and personal digital technologies has important impact on automation and manufacturing industry. The IT has become essential component of operational, control and business processes in everyone’s life worldwide. In the area of Real Estate the modern smart houses are now being built enabling owners to change window tints, turn on music, control thermostats, regulate sprinklers, monitor security, and open the front door from their cars [1]. In the medical field the impact of IT is most significant in the area of patient’s remote monitoring, medication administration and diagnosis control. Wearable computers, such as small wristwatch devices enable to check temperatures, news headlines, personal messages, and personal planners. Modern handheld devices, mobile phones, cameras, TVs, and personal computers are converging into single mobile and computational device. In the field of education, most of the colleges are implementing wireless campus enabling students to monitor their course content and
Bacterial effect of high pressure CO2 treatment on foods spiked with Listeria or Salmonella.

Studies were carried out to assess the use of high pressure CO2, treatment for controlling pathogenic microorganisms in model food systems. Listeria monocytogenes suspended in distilled water was completely killed after CO2 treatment at 6.18 MPa (61.2 atm) and 35°C for 2 h. Contrary to CO2 treatment, the use of N2 at these experimental conditions failed to exert bactericidal effect. High pressure CO2 treatment at 13.7 MPa (136.1 atm) and 35°C for 2 h was shown to effectively kill Salmonella in spiked chicken meat (>95%) and egg yolk (> 100%), and kill Listeria in spiked shrimp (> 99%), orange juice (> 99%), and egg yolk (> 99.4%). Such treatment was, however, less effective in killing Salmonella in a whole egg- Salmonella mixture. Furthermore, this treatment caused a twofold increase in bacterial numbers in a whole egg- Listeria mixture. N2 gas under similar experimental conditions did not kill the spiked bacteria in these four food systems. High pressure CO2 treatment technique could possibly be applied to reduce microbial load in some food systems.
Ebola Virus Disease: Rapid Diagnosis and Timely Case Reporting are Critical to the Early Response for Outbreak Control

Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a life-threatening zoonosis caused by infection with the Ebola virus. Since the first reported EVD outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, several small outbreaks have been reported in central Africa with about 2,400 cases occurring between 1976 and 2013. The 2013-2015 EVD outbreak in west Africa is the first documented outbreak in this region and the largest ever with over 27,000 cases and more than 11,000 deaths. Although EVD transmission rates have recently decreased in west Africa, this crisis continues to threaten global health and security, particularly since infected travelers could spread EVD to other resource-limited areas of the world. Because vaccines and drugs are not yet licensed for EVD, outbreak control is dependent on the use of non-pharmaceutical interventions (e.g., infection control practices, isolation of EVD cases, contact tracing with follow-up and quarantine, sanitary burial, health education). However, delays in diagnosing and reporting EVD cases in less accessible rural areas continue to hamper control efforts. New advances in rapid diagnostics for identifying presumptive EVD cases and in mobile-based technologies for communicating critical health-related information should facilitate deployment of an early response to prevent the amplification of sporadic EVD cases into large-scale outbreaks.
Concept of substrate integrated E-plane waveguide and waveguide filter

A novel substrate integrated E-plane waveguide is proposed. It is used to implement E-plane type of waveguide circuits on printed circuit boards which cannot be accomplished by the conventional substrate integrated waveguide. The new waveguide structure has two copper strips at the middle layer of the substrate. The strips follow the directions of the plated through holes that emulate the vertical wall of a conventional rectangular waveguide. Each strip provides a path for the longitudinal current along the vertical waveguide wall. Simulation is carried out to demonstrate that the proposed waveguide is able to guide horizontally polarized electromagnetic wave. As an example, an E-plane waveguide filter is designed based on the new waveguide structure.
Active control of compressible cavity flows by using a small jet

A computational investigation of the compressible cavity flow with active control was conducted. The purpose of the active control was to suppress the large pressure oscillations characteristic of cavity flows. The cavity length-to-depth ratio was 4.33 and the freestream Mach number was 1.75. A twodimensional, time accurate Navier-Stokes scheme with a modified Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model was used to simulate the flow. A small jet placed below the front lip of the cavity was used to force the shear layer at different amplitudes and frequencies. This control technique was successful in reducing the amplitude of the oscillations. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the control was found to depend upon the jet frequency, amplitude, and duty cycle.
Tailoring the Protein Adsorption Properties of Whispering Gallery Mode Optical Biosensors

Label-free biosensor technologies have the potential to revolutionize environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics, and food safety evaluation processes due to their unique combinations of high-sensitivity signal transducers and high-specificity recognition elements. This enables their ability to perform real-time detection of deleterious compounds at extremely low concentrations. However, to further improve the biosensors’ performance in complex environments, such as wastewater, blood, and urine, it is necessary to minimize nonspecific binding, which in turn will increase their specificity, and decrease the rate of false positives. In the present work, we illustrate the potential of combining emerging high-sensitivity optical signal transducers, such as whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavities, with covalently bound poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) coatings of varying thickness, as an effective treatment for the prevention of nonspecific protein adsorption onto the biosensor surface. We monitor the sensit...
A low‐communication, parallel algorithm for solving PDEs based on range decomposition

Summary This paper proposes a new, low-communication algorithm for solving PDEs on massively parallel computers. The range decomposition (RD) algorithm exposes coarse-grain parallelism by applying nested iteration and adaptive mesh refinement locally before performing a global communication step. Just a few such steps are observed to be sufficient to obtain accuracy within a small multiple of discretization error. The target applications are petascale and exascale machines, where hierarchical parallelism is required and traditional parallel numerical PDE communication patterns are costly because of message latency. The RD algorithm uses a partition of unity to equally distribute the error, and thus, the work. The computational advantages of this approach are that the decomposed problems can be solved in parallel without any communication until the partitioned solutions are summed. This offers potential advantages in the paradigm of expensive communication but very cheap computation. This paper introduces the method and explains the details of the communication step. Two performance models are developed, showing that the latency cost associated with a traditional parallel implementation of nested iteration is proportional to log(P)2, whereas the RD method reduces the communication latency to log(P), while maintaining similar bandwidth costs. Numerical results for two problems, Laplace and advection diffusion, demonstrate the enhanced performance, and a heuristic argument explains why the method converges quickly. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface Plasmon-Mediated Photothermal Chemistry

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-induced photothermal heating has garnered a substantial amount of research interest across various disciplines. The first applications of SPR-induced light-to-heat energy conversion were in biological systems to photothermally ablate cancer cells in vivo. More recently, this spatially localized and highly tunable heating technique has been extensively used for a variety of chemical reactions and other associated applications. This feature article highlights the recent developments in surface plasmon-mediated photothermal chemistry. We review the current theoretical and experimental work toward estimating the photothermal heating-induced surface temperatures of plasmonic nanostructures. From a mechanistic perspective, we show how this local heating can activate reactant molecules and boost numerous types of chemical reactions. We also discuss the physical changes occurring in a surrounding solvent, such as water, during the photothermal process. Finally, we extend the scope ...
POLA KOMUNIKASI REMAJA DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL SISWA SMA DI KOTA BOGOR

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pola komunikasi remaja dengan keluarga, sekolah, dan teman sebaya terhadap kecerdasan emosional siswa SMA di kota Bogor. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei dan dianalisis menggunakan structural equation modeling (SEM). Responden adalah siswa kelas 2 SMA jurusan IPA dan IPS dari 6 SMA. Jumlah responden 372 orang, terdiri dari 206 siswa perempuan dan 166 siswa laki-laki berusia 15-18 tahun. Pola komunikasi dalam penelitian ini meliputi 5 dimensi, yaitu topik pembicaraan, durasi pembicaraan, frekuensi pembicaraan, media komunikasi, dan situasi komunikasi. Hasil SEM menunjukkan ada pengaruh nyata antara pola komunikasi remaja dengan keluarga, sekolah, dan teman sebaya terhadap kecerdasan emosional. Pola komunikasi remaja dengan teman sebaya berkontribusi lebih besar terhadap kecerdasan emosional dibandingkan pola komunikasi remaja dengan keluarga atau sekolah. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa durasi pembicaraan berkontribusi paling besar terhadap pola komunikasi remaja dengan teman sebaya.
Microstructure evolution of AS41 magnesium alloy fabricated by ultrasonic vibration

The effects of ultrasonic vibration on the grain size and morphology of Mg2Si in Mg-4 wt% Al-1 wt%Si(AS41) alloys designed were evaluated. The results show that the major constituents of the alloy include β-Mg17Al12 and Mg2Si phase, and no difference in the type of constituents between without ultrasonic vibration and with ultrasonic vibration. Without any ultrasonic vibration, the grain size and Mg2Si phase in AS41 alloy are coare structure. However, the microstructure with fine uniform grains and Mg2Si particles are achieved with ultrasonic vibration. The crystal grains and Mg2Si particles refine with increase in the ultrasonic vibration intensity. When the ultrasonic vibration intensity was too low or too high, coarse structures could be obtained. The analysis of refinement mechanism indicates that the acoustic cavitation and flows induced by ultrasonic vibration lead to the fine uniform microstructure.
Interface simulation platform of stability control device in dynamic simulation of power system

Aiming at the shortness of SCD (Stability Control Device) model used in common simulation programs,an SCD model for the dynamic simulation of power system is proposed with its modeling methods and its ISP (Interface Simulation Platform) is developed.The combined calculation of ISP in PSASP is implemented via UPI and the transient stability simulation is carried out.Results show that,the combined simulation of ISP and PSASP represents the working process of actual SCD more accurately and reflects the dynamic behavior of power system during faults more factually.