cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The biological effect of asbestos exposure is dependent on changes in iron homeostasis.

AbstractFunctional groups on the surface of fibrous silicates can complex iron. We tested the postulate that (1) asbestos complexes and sequesters host cell iron resulting in a disruption of metal homeostasis and (2) this loss of essential metal results in an oxidative stress and biological effect in respiratory epithelial cells. Exposure of BEAS-2B cells to 50 μg/mL chrysotile resulted in diminished concentrations of mitochondrial iron. Preincubation of these cells with 200 μM ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) prevented significant mitochondrial iron loss following the same exposure. The host response to chrysotile included increased expression of the importer divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) supporting a functional iron deficiency. Incubation of BEAS-2B cells with both 200 μM FAC and 50 μg/mL chrysotile was associated with a greater cell accumulation of iron relative to either iron or chrysotile alone reflecting increased import to correct metal deficiency immediately following fiber exposure. Cellular o...
Calvarial aneurysmal bone cyst associated with fibrous dysplasia: Case report and literature review ☆

Abstract Aneurysmal bone cysts are benign, expansile bone lesions primary or secondary to other pathology. The majority are seen in long bones and the spine, rarely occurring within the cranial vault. Here we describe the case of a 17-year-old gentleman with McCune-Albright syndrome who developed a right parietal aneurysmal bone cyst in the setting of fibrous dysplasia. The patient was treated with lesion excision and in situ cranioplasty using methyl methacrylate and molded titanium mesh, ultimately rendering excellent cosmetic outcome. Our case report highlights the efficacy of in situ titanium cranioplasties in contouring to the native skull and enabling optimization of cosmesis, specifically through the use of titanium mesh plates with the bone flap as a template.
Vocal development in a Waddington landscape.

As infants develop they learn new behaviors and refine existing ones. For example, human infants progress from crying to babbling to producing speech-like sounds. A complex sequence of changes in muscles, the nervous system and in patterns of interactions with other individuals all contribute to these emerging behaviors. Despite this complexity, most studies of vocal development have only considered single factors in isolation. A study of speech development, for example, might examine how changes in the brain enable infants to imitate sounds. However, that same study will probably ignore how changes in the structure of the vocal cords, or in the behavior of the parents, also promote imitation. Young marmoset monkeys, like human infants, gradually develop from producing immature cries to adult-like calls. Teramoto, Takahashi et al. built a computational model of this process and compared the model to data from real animals. The first version of the model focused solely on how the marmosets’ vocal cords grow, and did not fully reproduce how adult-like calls emerge in real marmosets. Teramoto, Takahashi et al. therefore added factors to the model that simulate improvements in muscle control, learning in the nervous system and in the behavior of other animals. These findings show that, to reflect how adult-like calls emerge in real marmosets, the model needs to include all of these factors. The model developed by Teramoto, Takahashi et al. may also provide insights into why vocal learning and some other behaviors emerge in some species and not others. It may also be used to predict the consequences of disrupting individual processes in young animals at particular points in time and how such disruptions shape the way an animal develops on its way to adulthood.
From reaching to reach-to-grasp: the arm posture difference and its implications on human motion control strategy

Reach-to-grasp arm postures differ from those in pure reaching because they are affected by grasp position/orientation, rather than simple transport to a position during a reaching motion. This paper investigates this difference via an analysis of experimental data collected on reaching and reach-to-grasp motions. A seven-degree-of-freedom (DOFs) kinematic arm model with the swivel angle is used for the motion analysis. Compared to a widely used anatomical arm model, this model distinguishes clearly the four grasping-relevant DOFs (GR-DOFs) that are affected by positions and orientations of the objects to be grasped. These four GR-DOFs include the swivel angle that measures the elbow rotation about the shoulder–wrist axis, and three wrist joint angles. For each GR-DOF, we quantify position vs orientation task-relevance bias that measures how much the DOF is affected by the grasping position vs orientation. The swivel angle and forearm supination have similar bias, and the analysis of their motion suggests two hypotheses regarding the synergistic coordination of the macro- and micro-structures of the human arm (1) DOFs with similar task-relevance are synergistically coordinated; and (2) such synergy breaks when a task-relevant DOF is close to its joint limit without necessarily reaching the limit. This study provides a motion analysis method to reduce the control complexity for reach-to-grasp tasks, and suggests using dynamic coupling to coordinate the hand and arm of upper-limb exoskeletons.
Clustering of integrin α5 at the lateral membrane restores epithelial polarity in invasive colorectal cancer cells

Apicobasolateral polarity is a fundamental property of epithelial cells, and its loss is a hallmark of cancer. Integrin-mediated contact with the extracellular matrix defines the basal surface, setting in motion E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell contact, which establishes apicobasolateral polarity. Role(s) for lateral integrins in this polarization process and the consequences of their disruption are incompletely understood. We show that addition of an integrin β1-activating monoclonal antibody, P4G11, to invasive colorectal cancer cells in three-dimensional type 1 collagen reverts the invasive phenotype and restores apicobasolateral polarity. P4G11 induces clustering of integrin α5β1 at lateral, intercellular surfaces. This leads to deposition and polymerization of fibronectin and recruitment of paxillin to sites of lateral integrin α5β1 clustering and is followed by tight junction formation, as determined by ZO-1 localization. Inducible elimination of integrin α5 abrogates the epithelial-organizing effects of P4G11. In addition, polymerization of fibronectin is required for the effects of P4G11, and addition of polymerized superfibronectin is sufficient to induce tight junction formation and apicobasolateral polarization. In the normal human colon, we show that integrin α5 localizes to the lateral membrane of terminally differentiated colonocytes and that integrin α5 staining may be reduced in colorectal cancer. Thus we propose a novel role for integrin α5β1 in regulating epithelial morphogenesis.
Measuring the Impact of Agricultural Growth on Economic Transformation

This chapter measures the impact of rapid growth in agricultural production on income, employment, and food security. It does so by accommodating the variables described in Chap. 2 in a spreadsheet and calculating and comparing the effect of a six percent and a three percent growth rate in agricultural production. The methodology is presented, followed by application to three percent and six percent agricultural production growth rates and then the effect of converting feudal land holdings to small commercial farms. The applications are to Ethiopia and two quite different provinces in Pakistan. A sensitivity test of change in the employment elasticities is carried out and the results sensitive to that assumption are shown.
Textual Predictors of Bill Survival in Congressional Committees

A U. S. Congressional bill is a textual artifact that must pass through a series of hurdles to become a law. In this paper, we focus on one of the most precarious and least understood stages in a bill's life: its consideration, behind closed doors, by a Congressional committee. We construct predictive models of whether a bill will survive committee, starting with a strong, novel baseline that uses features of the bill's sponsor and the committee it is referred to. We augment the model with information from the contents of bills, comparing different hypotheses about how a committee decides a bill's fate. These models give significant reductions in prediction error and highlight the importance of bill substance in explanations of policy-making and agenda-setting.
Why (and How) States Should Tax the Repatriation

This essay analyzes how U.S. state tax laws should treat the repatriation income generated by the 2017 federal tax legislation.
PhotochemistrY of Organic Molecules Adsorbed on Faujasite Zeolites: Steric Effects on Product Distributions

Zeolites are robust, crystalline, porous aluminosilicates possessing an enormous internal surface area that is capable of adsorbing large quantities of guest molecules, the size and shape of whose structures allow them to pass from the external to the internal zeolitic surface and to diffuse onto the internal surface. The framework composition, the presence of cations associated with the framework, and the topology of the void space internal to the zeolite all contrive to imbue these materials with special properties that contribute to their widespread use as catalysts, ion exchange materials and molecular sieves. Photochemical probes have been developed to explore the structure of zeolites near the site of adsorption and to examine the dynamics of reactions of molecules adsorbed on the internal zeolitic surface. The basic composition of the internal framework of alkali ion exchanged zeolites is extremely chemically inert. As a result, very reactive photochemically generated intermediates such as radicals do not react with the framework, but react with each other via radical-radical reactions. However, in contrast to the results of radical-radical reactions in solution, the products of radical-radical reactions in zeolites may be controlled by the geometry and occurrence of the zeolite surface. In this report, we review the structure of zeolites in general and then survey the structure of an important class of zeolites, the faujasites. We then show how a photochemical probe, the photochemistry of dibenzyl ketone, can yield information on how intracrystalline dynamics can be influenced by cation type, cation number density and coadsorbed guests and, in turn, how intracrystalline dynamics can determine the products of photoreactions.
Efficient incremental search for moving target search

Incremental search algorithms reuse information from previous searches to speed up the current search and are thus often able to find shortest paths for series of similar search problems faster than by solving each search problem independently from scratch. However, they do poorly on moving target search problems, where both the start and goal cells change over time. In this paper, we thus develop Fringe-Retrieving A* (FRA*), an incremental version of A* that repeatedly finds shortest paths for moving target search in known gridworlds. We demonstrate experimentally that it runs up to one order of magnitude faster than a variety of state-of-the-art incremental search algorithms applied to moving target search in known gridworlds.
Affordable Rotating Fluid Demonstrations for Geoscience Education: The DIYnamics Project

Demonstrations using rotating tanks of fluid can help demystify otherwise counterintuitive behaviors of atmospheric, oceanic, and planetary interior fluid motions. But the expense and complicated assembly of existing rotating table platforms limit their appeal for many schools, especially those below the university level. Here, we introduce Do-It-Yourself Dynamics (DIYnamics), a project developing extremely low-cost rotating tank platforms and accompanying teaching materials. The devices can be assembled in a few minutes from household items, all available for purchase online. Ordering, assembly, and operation instructions are available on the DIYnamics website. Videos using these and other rotating tables to teach specific concepts such as baroclinic instability are available on the DIYnamics YouTube channel—including some in Spanish. The devices, lesson plans, and demonstrations have been successfully piloted at multiple middle schools, in a university course, and at public science outreach events. These uses to date convince us of the DIYnamics materials’ pedagogical value for instructors from well-versed university professors to K–12 science teachers with little background in fluid dynamics.
Ultracold Fermionic Atoms in Square and Triangular Optical Lattices with Non-Abelian Gauge Fields and Out-of-Plane Zeeman Field

The single-band negative-U Hubbard model is applied to investigate ultracold Fermi atoms loaded into square and triangular optical lattices subjected to an effective non-Abelian gauge field and an out-of-plane Zeeman field. The mean-field approximation along with the generalized random phase approximation is used to numerically calculate important and experimentally relevant physical quantities, such as the chemical potential, the pairing gap, the singlet and the triplet condensate fractions, and the slope of the Goldstone sound mode. We found that the Gaussian approximation significantly overestimates the speed of the Goldstone sound mode (by around 30%–40%), and unlike the case of a synthetic Rashba spin–orbit coupling which exhibits sharp changes of the slope of the sound mode across the topological phase transition points, in the presence of both non-Abelian gauge field and out-of-plane Zeeman field the slope of the sound mode is a relatively smooth function.
Abdominal Epilepsy Treated With Vagal Nerve Stimulation: A Case Report.

Background and importance Abdominal epilepsy is a rare seizure disorder characterized by episodic gastrointestinal symptoms with electroencephalogram abnormalities. It is typically well treated with anti-epileptic medications; however, little is known about treatment of refractory cases. Clinical presentation The patient is a 16-yr-old male who began experiencing episodic abdominal pain and distension at the age of 2. After undergoing an extensive negative gastrointestinal workup, he was referred for neurological examination. The patient's examination and brain magnetic resonance imaging were normal, but epileptiform discharges were noted on the electroencephalogram. He initially failed treatment with several anti-epileptic medications but achieved seizure control with lamotrigine for 10 yr. However, his seizure frequency increased at age 15 and vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) was proposed for treatment. He underwent VNS placement surgery and experienced significant seizure reduction. By 22 mo postsurgery, he had experienced 11 total seizures compared to his preoperative seizure frequency of 16 seizures per month. Additionally, the patient's neuropsychological testing postsurgery demonstrated improvements in verbal reasoning and reading comprehension in comparison to presurgical testing. Conclusion VNS has been used to treat intractable, nonfocal epilepsy although the therapeutic mechanism remains poorly understood. This case demonstrates utility of VNS for the treatment of abdominal epilepsy that remains refractory to pharmacotherapy.
Sovereign Rules and Rearrangements: Banning Methadone in Occupied Crimea.

In 2014, Russian authorities in occupied Crimea shut down all medication-assisted treatment (MAT) programs for patients with opioid use disorder. These closures dramatically enacted a new political...
El sacrificio humanitario de cerdos en la Unión Europea

This dissertation explores the different slaughter methods considered humane, which are used and required by law to kill pigs raised for human consumption in the European Union. The main points covered are - the methods required by current EU Regulation 1099/2009 on the protection of animals at the time of killing which include; electrical stunning (head-only and head-body) and gas stunning (carbon dioxide gas and inert gas mixtures). The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed, using results found online from studies and research conducted on the topic, including a list of other methods studied which are not permitted by law but are being looked into and possibly developed as potential alternative stunning methods. The enforcement of this Regulation and the surrounding issues is also touched upon towards the end of the dissertation. In the conclusion, the question of whether any of these methods can be considered truly humane is explored, based on the true definition of the word humane and the results of the studies discussed.
Preventive Maintenance Subject to Equipment Unavailability

Preventive maintenance has received considerable attention in industries and the literature. Conventional preventive maintenance models often assume that equipment is always available for maintenance activities. However, in many mission-critical industries, equipment may not be available for scheduled maintenance due to busy operational schedules. Forced shutdown of the equipment may incur extra costs that cannot be offset by the benefits from preventively maintaining the equipment. In this paper, we propose innovative preventive maintenance policies to address the challenges caused by equipment unavailability. Maintenance models with possible rescheduling are developed for both time-based and condition-based maintenance policies, and the objective is to minimize the long-run cost rate of all maintenance activities. The proposed policies, with consideration of equipment unavailability for prescheduled PM, are compared with the policies that ignore this unavailability. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the proposed policies.
Interval Estimation for Age-Adjusted Rate Ratios Using Bayesian Convolution Model

Spatial correlation raises challenges in estimating confidence intervals for region specific event rates and rate ratios between geographic units that are nested. Methods have been proposed to incorporate spatial correlation by assuming various distributions for the structure of autocorrelation patterns. However, the derivation of these statistics based on approximation may have to condition on the distributional assumption underlying the data generating process, which may not hold for certain situations. This paper explores the feasibility of utilizing a Bayesian convolution model (BCM), which includes an uncorrelated heterogeneity (UH) and a conditional autoregression (CAR) component to accommodate both uncorrelated and correlated spatial heterogeneity, to estimate the 95% confidence intervals for age-adjusted rate ratios among geographic regions with existing spatial correlations. A simulation study is conducted and a BCM method is applied to two cancer incidence datasets to calculate age-adjusted rate/ratio for the counties in the State of Kentucky relative to the entire state. In comparison to three existing methods, without and with spatial correlation, the Bayesian convolution model-based estimation provides moderate shrinkage effect for the point estimates based on the neighbor structure across regions and produces a wider interval due to the inclusion of uncertainty in the spatial autocorrelation parameters. The overall spatial pattern of region incidence rate from BCM approach appears to be like the direct estimates and other methods for both datasets, even though “smoothing” occurs in some local regions. The Bayesian Convolution Model allows flexibility in the specification of risk components and can improve the accuracy of interval estimates of age-adjusted rate ratios among geographical regions as it considers spatial correlation.
Prediction of Stress Responses in Goats: Comparison of Artificial Neural Network and Multiple Regression Models

This study was conducted to determine if artificial neural networks (ANN) can be used to more accurately predict physiological stress responses in goats compared with statistical regression. Predic...
Team formation that models real life: Teaching students to form better teams in the capstone and beyond

The author empirically tested an in-class experiential team formation exercise that combines the benefits of professor- and student-directed methods. Previous studies have focused on analyzing the ...
45 Expression patterns of PRDM family genes in porcine pre-implantation embryos

Establishing proper levels of pluripotency is essential for normal development. The genome of gametes is remodelled upon fertilisation and pluripotency-related genes are expressed in blastocysts. Multiple pluripotency-related genes are involved in the well-orchestrated process; however, detailed mechanistic actions remain elusive. The PRDM family genes are reported to be closely related to the pluripotency. A previous report noted that PRDM14 plays an important role in the maintenance of pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and potentially murine ESCs; loss of PRDM14 was found to cause abnormalities in genome-wide epigenetic status. Similarly, PRDM15 was found to be a key regulator of pluripotency in mouse ESCs. Structural similarities among the PRDM family suggest that other PRDM family genes may help to establish and maintain pluripotency in embryos. Unfortunately, little is known about the expression profile of PRDM family in porcine embryos. To expand our understanding of the role of PRDM family in porcine embryos, expression patterns of PRDM gene family were investigated using reverse transcription quantitative (RTq)-PCR. Candidate PRDM family genes were selected based on previous RNA-Seq data in porcine oocytes/embryos. To conduct this study, germinal vesicle (GV), MII, zygote, 4-cell, and blastocyst samples were collected. Complementary DNA synthesised from the samples was used for RT-qPCR to analyse the expression pattern of selected PRDM family genes: PRDM2, PRDM4, PRDM6, PRDM14, and PRDM15. The expression of target genes was normalized to the YWHAG level, an internal control. Then, GV stage was used as a control for ΔΔCT analysis. Two technical replications and three biological replications were performed. Analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis and P-values < 0.05 were considered significant. There was a significant decrease in PRDM2 expression in 4-cell and blastocyst, PRDM4 expression in 4-cell, and PRDM6 in all stages (MII, zygote, 4-cell, and blastocyst), compared with the GV stage. Because zygotic genome activation occurs at the 4-cell stage in the pig, the significant decrease in gene expression (PRDM2, PRDM4, and PRDM6) indicates they may be maternally originated and involved in the reprogramming process following fertilisation. On the other hand, there was a significant increase in PRDM15 expression in blastocysts and the PRDM14 transcript was only detected in blastocysts in all three biological replicates, suggesting that the genes are most likely involved in pluripotency maintenance, as was found in previous human studies. These results indicate that PRDM family genes are differentially expressed during early embryo development in pigs and may play a role in maintenance of pluripotency. For further study, we intend to evaluate the role of PRDM family genes during early embryo development in pigs.
FOXP3 mRNA profile prognostic of T cell mediated rejection and human kidney allograft survival

Background and objectives: T cell mediated rejection (TCMR) is the most frequent type of acute rejection and is associated with kidney allograft failure. Almost 40% of TCMR episodes fail to respond to anti-rejection therapy. FOXP3 is a specification factor for regulatory T cells and our single center study of 83 kidney allograft recipients showed that urinary cell FOXP3 mRNA level is diagnostic of TCMR and predicts TCMR reversibility and allograft survival. The objective of the current study is to determine whether our original findings could be replicated in an independent cohort of 480 kidney allograft recipients enrolled in the multicenter Clinical Trials of Organ Transplantation (CTOT)-04. Design, setting, participants, and measurements: We measured levels of FOXP3 mRNA and levels of mRNA for CD25, CD3E, and perforin, and 18S rRNA in 3559 urines from 480 kidney allograft recipients prospectively enrolled in CTOT-04. RNA was isolated from the urinary cells and preamplification-enhanced real-time quantitative PCR assays were used to measure mRNAs. Results: 18S rRNA normalized levels of mRNA for FOXP3 (P=0.01, Kruskal-Wallis test), CD25 (P=0.01), CD3E (P<0.0001), and perforin (P<0.0001) distinguished patients with TCMR biopsies from those with No Rejection biopsies and those with stable graft function. FOXP3 mRNA level, but not the levels of mRNA for CD25, CD3E, or perforin, predicted TCMR reversal (AUC=0.764; 95% confidence interval, 0.611 to 0.917; P=0.008). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that FOXP3 mRNA level remains predictive after adjustment for potential cofounders. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that FOXP3 mRNA level (P=0.0306) but not the levels of mRNA for CD25, CD3E, or perforin, is associated with kidney allograft survival. Conclusion: In the independent CTOT-04 cohort, we demonstrate that urinary cell level of FOXP3 mRNA is diagnostic of TCMR, predicts its reversibility, and is prognostic of kidney allograft survival following an episode of TCMR.
Neural coordination mechanisms for associative memory recall and decision making in the hippocampal-prefrontal network

SUMMARY Associative memory recall involves brain-wide networks comprising sensory and cognitive regions, with key roles for the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC). To investigate underlying network coordination mechanisms, we monitored activity in olfactory, hippocampal, and prefrontal regions in rats performing an associative memory task in which they recalled odor-place associations to obtain reward. During recall, the beta rhythm (15-30 Hz) was prominent and coherent across the three regions for correct decisions. Furthermore, single neurons and ensembles in both hippocampus and PFC encoded recalled associations. Ensemble dynamics predicted animals’ upcoming decisions and were linked specifically with beta rhythm coordination. Despite this relationship, we found that beta rhythms did not directly phase-modulate all association-coding neurons. Our findings suggest that beta rhythms coordinate ensemble activity within the hippocampal-prefrontal network to support associative memory recall and decision making, and play a permissive rather than instructive role in this process. HIGHLIGHTS Beta rhythms (15-30Hz) coordinate olfactory-hippocampal-prefrontal networks Beta coordination supports accurate odor-space associative memory recall Single units and ensembles in CA1 and PFC encode associations and upcoming choices Beta plays a permissive role in coordinating CA1-PFC ensemble activity underlying recall
Empathy and expectations of others' willingness to help

Abstract Researchers have linked trait empathy to an individual's willingness to help others. We examine whether trait empathy also predicts people's expectations that others will help them. We posit that highly empathic people are more attuned to the emotional drivers of others' prosocial behavior—an intrinsic desire to help and the discomfort of refusing a help request. Such insight should make empathic people more optimistic that their own requests for help will be granted. In two studies of US-based MTurk survey respondents, we found some support for the predicted association between empathy and estimates of compliance with help requests. Study 1 (N = 207; 40.1% Female; MAge = 30.1; 77.8% White) provided initial evidence for this relationship, and Study 2 (N = 404; 44.5% Female; MAge = 38.2; 69.3% White) replicated this association in a pre-registered, higher-powered study. Mediation analyses suggest this association may result from highly empathic individuals' awareness of others' desire to help. Limitations are discussed.
“Well, in the case of my mom…”: Personal stories as negotiable arguments in public forums

Abstract This article is guided by the question: What are the argumentative functions of personal stories in public deliberations? Drawing on the analytical traditions of argumentation theory and discourse analysis, we analyzed three public forums on mental illness, where personal stories were used in a number of argumentative functions. Our analysis reveals that in a deliberative forum personal stories were used as negotiable arguments rather than as mere assertions of individual experience. Personal stories were primarily used as arguments by example to challenge the framing proposed by the moderator and to pitch problem definitions that participants considered most relevant. In this function, personal stories were alternatively engaged as inductive or abductive arguments by other forum participants. Additionally, personal stories were used to support solution proposals and to uphold social ideals.
The scale height of gas traced by [C ii] in the Galactic plane

Context. The distribution of various interstellar gas components and the pressure in the interstellar medium (ISM) is a result of the interplay of different dynamical mechanisms and energy sources on the gas in the Milky Way. The scale heights of the different gas tracers, such as H i and CO, are a measure of these processes. The scale height of [C ii] emission in the Galactic plane is important for understanding those ISM components not traced by CO or H i. Aims. We determine the average distribution of [C ii] perpendicular to the plane in the inner Galactic disk and compare it to the distributions of other key gas tracers, such as CO and H i. Methods. We calculated the vertical, z, distribution of [C ii] in the inner Galactic disk by adopting a model for the emission that combines the latitudinal, b, spectrally unresolved BICE survey, with the spectrally resolved Herschel Galactic plane survey of [C ii] at b = 0 ◦ . Our model assumed a Gaussian emissivity distribution vertical to the plane, and related the distribution in z to that of the latitude b using the spectrally resolved [C ii] Herschel survey as the boundary solution for the emissivity at b = 0 ◦ . Results. We find that the distribution of [C ii] perpendicular to the plane has a full-width half-maximum of 172 pc, larger than that of CO, which averages ∼110 pc in the inner Galaxy, but smaller than that of H i, ∼230 pc, and is offset by −28 pc. Conclusions. We explain the difference in distributions of [C ii], CO, and H i as due to [C ii] tracing a mix of ISM components. Models of hydrostatic equilibrium of clouds in the disk predict different scale heights, for the same interstellar pressure. The diffuse molecular clouds with [C ii] but no CO emission likely have a scale height intermediate between the low density atomic hydrogen H i clouds and the dense CO molecular clouds.
Modern Rhesus (Rh) typing in transfusion and pregnancy

Patients who are Rh negative, if transfused with Rh-positive blood, can become immunized for anti-D immunoglobulin (Ig).[1][1] These patients are at risk of severe transfusion reactions, and if they become pregnant, the fetus is at risk of severe anemia. A small number (0.5%) of patients have a
The Problems and Promise of Hierarchy: Voice Rights and the Firm

The firm’s dominance of the contemporary “knowledge economy” is puzzling given that (a) the firm is intrinsically hierarchical; (b) hierarchical control tends to undercut a worker’s identification with her work; (c) performance tends to be perfunctory when such identification is low; and (d) some firms nonetheless succeed at eliciting strong identification and consummate performance. Our theory integrates various streams of work to help resolve this puzzle. Three main claims are made. First, the firm is a legal rights hierarchy, with management always retaining classic “fiat” rights (to determine how work will be done and by whom), as well as voice rights (who can speak within and on behalf of the firm). Second, control of voice is crucial for endowing the firm with its unique capacity for being a reliable and accountable actor. Third, control of voice gives the firm three necessary (if insufficient) ingredients - to shape the definition of the situation; to broadcast consistent messages about its identity; and to make clear and credible commitments to suppress hierarchy - for eliciting strong identification with the collective enterprise. Our theory thus suggests why firms are ubiquitous and why they range from cases that are marked by alienation and perfunctory performance to cases of strong identification and consummate performance.
Introduction to Engineering Design

Abstract Introduction to Engineering Design is a practical, straightforward workbook designed to systematize the often messy process of designing solutions to open-ended problems. From learning abo...
Spotify Danceability and Popularity Analysis using SAP

Our analysis reviews and visualizes the audio features and popularity of songs streamed on Spotify*. Our dataset, downloaded from Kaggle and originally sourced from Spotify API, consists of multiple Excel files containing information relevant to our visualization and regression analysis. The exercise seeks to determine the connection between the popularity of the songs and the danceability. Insights to be included and factored as part of our analysis include song energy, valence, BPM, release date, and year.
Diagnostic approach to the patient with a suspected inherited platelet disorder: Who and how to test

Bleeding and thrombocytopenia are common referrals to the pediatric and adult hematology practice. The differential diagnosis encompasses a wide spectrum of entities that vary in acuity, severity, and etiology. Most will be acquired (especially in adult patients), but many can be inherited, and some may have manifestations affecting other organ systems. The first step: defining whether the symptoms and/or laboratory findings are clinically significant and warrant additional work-up, can be equally as challenging as reaching the diagnosis itself. How much bleeding is too much to be considered normal? How low of a platelet count is too low? Once the decision has been made to pursue additional studies, considering the increasing number of laboratory tests available, the diagnostic process can be complex. In this article, we outline a general approach for the evaluation of patients in whom an inherited platelet disorder is being considered. We present two clinical vignettes as introduction to the diagnostic approach to inherited platelet disorders. We describe the rationale for the different types of tests that are clinically available, their limitations, and finally the challenges that are frequently encountered in the interpretation of results. We also intend to provide some guidance on the expected phenotype in terms of severity of bleeding and/or thrombocytopenia according to the etiology of the inherited disorder. Our goal is to provide the practicing hematologist with a practical framework that is clinically applicable in their daily practice.
Anesthetic Management of a Patient With a Ruptured Heterotopic Pregnancy for Emergency Exploratory Laparotomy.

Heterotopic pregnancy (HP) is an uncommon clinical condition characterized by the coexistence of intrauterine and extra-uterine pregnancies. HP is a diagnostic challenge as the typical methods for the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy are confounded by the simultaneous presence of intrauterine pregnancy (IUP). Ruptured HP is a potentially life-threatening obstetric emergency and can result in significant morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis is the key to a favorable outcome. With the increasing number of patients undergoing artificial reproductive technology (ART), which is an important risk factor for HP, the odds of encountering HP patients are also growing. Anesthesiologists are challenged by the need to manage a bleeding obstetric patient while simultaneously ensuring the safety of the IUP. We present perioperative management of a patient with bleeding ruptured HP for emergency laparotomy who went on to have a successful twin delivery 37w3d via cesarean section.
Treatment and outcomes of dogs with hepatocutaneous syndrome or hepatocutaneous-associated hepatopathy.

BACKGROUND Superficial necrolytic dermatitis (SND) in dogs is a rare disorder most commonly associated with hepatocutaneous syndrome. Although often reported as fatal, sporadically reported long-term remissions might be more common than previously believed and linked to treatment regimens. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Evaluate treatments and associated outcomes in dogs with hepatocutaneous-associated hepatopathy (HCH) with or without SND, designated collectively aminoaciduric canine hypoaminoacidemic hepatopathy syndrome (ACHES). ANIMALS Forty-one dogs of various breeds and ages diagnosed with ACHES. METHODS Retrospective study. Electronic surveys, medical records (2014-2019), and communication with veterinarians provided data. Three treatment categories were each dichotomized: IV amino acid (IV-AA) infusions (≥2 vs 1783 days, P = .02) than variably treated dogs (MST, 214 days). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Optimized ACHES management can resolve SND and HCH and confer long-term survival.
Type 1 Diabetes and MicroRNA: It’s Complicated

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that manifests as impaired insulin secretion, with compounding complications over time. Bhatt et al. (2015) investigate protective mechanisms in survivors of type 1 diabetes by using induced pluripotent stem cells as genetic models, uncovering novel interactions between microRNA and the DNA damage checkpoint pathway.
Cost and Profit Driver Research

Abstract This paper summarizes the development of theoretical and empirical management accounting research regarding relationships between costs, customer value, revenues, profitability, and their drivers; reviews the research from a strategic management accounting perspective; and discusses needs for future research. The extant frameworks regarding cost driver relationships exhibit descriptive validity and generalizability. However, there is a need for more theoretical and empirical research regarding value, cost, revenue, and profitability drivers. Future researchers should draw more fully and tightly upon economic, strategic management, and behavioral theories, incorporate variables capturing customer value more explicitly, and develop and estimate models that reflect endogeneity and simultaneity.
Using sifting for k-layer straightline crossing minimization

We present a new algorithm for k-layer straightline crossing minimization which is based on sifting that is a heuristic for dynamic reordering of decision diagrams used during logic synthesis and formal verification of logic circuits. The experiments prove sifting to be very efficient. In particular it outperforms the traditional layer by layer sweep based heuristics known from literature by far when applied to k-layered graphs with k ≥ 3.
Memory and Brain

Definitions: from synapses to behaviour Memory as synaptic change Memory and the developing nervous system Modulation of memory Localised and distributed memory storage The Penfield studies Searching for engrams: simple learning Searching for engrams: complex learning Memory determined by information processing Short-term and long-term memory Identifying a neural system with memory functions Amnesia and the functional organization of memory Prefrontal cortex Memory and brain: a beginning.
Validation of ICDPIC software injury severity scores using a large regional trauma registry

Background Administrative or quality improvement registries may or may not contain the elements needed for investigations by trauma researchers. International Classification of Diseases Program for Injury Categorisation (ICDPIC), a statistical program available through Stata, is a powerful tool that can extract injury severity scores from ICD-9-CM codes. We conducted a validation study for use of the ICDPIC in trauma research. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort validation study of 40 418 patients with injury using a large regional trauma registry. ICDPIC-generated AIS scores for each body region were compared with trauma registry AIS scores (gold standard) in adult and paediatric populations. A separate analysis was conducted among patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) comparing the ICDPIC tool with ICD-9-CM embedded severity codes. Performance in characterising overall injury severity, by the ISS, was also assessed. Results The ICDPIC tool generated substantial correlations in thoracic and abdominal trauma (weighted κ 0.87–0.92), and in head and neck trauma (weighted κ 0.76–0.83). The ICDPIC tool captured TBI severity better than ICD-9-CM code embedded severity and offered the advantage of generating a severity value for every patient (rather than having missing data). Its ability to produce an accurate severity score was consistent within each body region as well as overall. Conclusions The ICDPIC tool performs well in classifying injury severity and is superior to ICD-9-CM embedded severity for TBI. Use of ICDPIC demonstrates substantial efficiency and may be a preferred tool in determining injury severity for large trauma datasets, provided researchers understand its limitations and take caution when examining smaller trauma datasets.
pp60c-src has less affinity for the detergent-insoluble cellular matrix than do pp60v-src and other viral protein-tyrosine kinases.

Abstract A difference in affinity for a Nonidet P-40-insoluble cellular matrix was observed between the products of the viral and cellular src genes. It has previously been demonstrated that pp60v-src is associated with a detergent-insoluble matrix containing the cellular cytoskeleton (J. G. Burr, G. Dreyfuss, S. Penman, and J. M. Buchanan, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:3484-3488, 1980). We observed a similar association of the transforming proteins of Fujinami sarcoma virus (P130gag-fps) and Yamaguchi 73 avian sarcoma virus (P90gag-yes), both of which are tyrosine-specific protein kinases. However, we found that the endogenous c-src product, pp60c-src, was not tightly bound to the detergent-insoluble matrix. This does not appear to have been due to differences in the cytoskeleton between transformed and nontransformed cells since pp60c-src was also solubilized by nonionic detergent in cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus. This difference in the affinities of the v-src and c-src products for cytoskeletal proteins may contribute to the inability of pp60c-src to transform cells.
Long Term Efficacy of Outpatient Interdisciplinary Treatment for Patients Suffering from Chronic Headaches (I8-1.005)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of outpatient interdisciplinary care for chronic headache patients BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic daily headaches (CDH) often suffer from psychiatric disorders - anxiety, depression and/or obsessive compulsive disorder - and these often contribute to significant functional impairment. The few studies published on the treatments of CDH use headache frequency and severity as endpoints and fail to adequately assess the effect of treatment on psychological and functional improvement. This study reports the results of integrated interdisciplinary outpatient care on pain, psychological and functional impairment both at cessation of treatment and at one year follow-up. DESIGN/METHODS: 266 patients with medically refractory CDH were formally assessed by a headache physician, a psychologist, and a physical therapist. These patients underwent a structured 3-week program that included infusion therapy/detoxification, psychological therapy, nursing education, and physical therapy. Patients were assessed at admission, completion and at 12-month follow-up with series of validated self-report instruments measuring headache severity, functional impairment and psychological distress. Treatment efficacy was assessed by comparing subjects9 scores on clinical measures at admission to those obtained at discharge and follow-up using a series of repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Separate analyses were conducted for each of three outcome domains: pain, physical function and psychological distress. Ninety-eight completed assessments were evaluated. RESULTS: Subjects reported significant improvements in several measures of headache severity following treatment, but only average- and least-pain remained improved at follow-up. Measures of functional impairment and reactivity to stress showed improvement following treatment; these gains were maintained at follow-up. Improvements in anxiety followed treatment but were not maintained at follow-up. Depression decreased with treatment; this improvement was only partially maintained. CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive treatment of CDH patients suffering from chronic pain and psychological and functional impairment leads to improvement. Improvements are largely maintained at one-year follow-up. Results from this program designed for patients with chronic daily headaches are comparable to those of inpatient programs reported in the literature. Disclosure: Dr. Stillman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Krause has nothing to disclose.
Signal distortions that result from minimum phase signal recovery using cepstral processing

Presents a technique that can be used to partially recover the transmitted signal from a received signal that is composed of time delayed versions of the transmitted signal. The recovered signal is expressed analytically in the frequency domain. An approximation for the extracted signal in the time domain is also obtained. Here, the frequency representation of the transmitted signal is restricted to a specific class of functions, namely minimum phase functions. Except in a few cases, the extracted signal is distorted in comparison to the transmitted signal. Consequently, these analytic expressions can be used to determine how the time delays and the form of the transmitted signal affect the amount of distortion observed. >