cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Serologic, Virologic, and Histopathologic Observations of Encephalomyocarditis Virus Infection in Mummified and Stillborn Pigs

Stillborn and mummified swine fetuses from swine farms experiencing reproductive problems were investigated for evidence of infection with encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus by fetal serology, virus isolation, and histopathologic examination. Fetal sera or thoracic fluids of 478 abnormal fetuses collected during January through December 1987 were tested for the presence of antibody specific to EMC virus. Of 478 samples tested, 175 (36.6%) had EMC virus serum neutralizing antibody titers of 1:64 or greater. The samples positive for EMC virus antibody were obtained from 38 swine farms located in 9 states in the United States. In addition to serologic observations, tissue samples of some abnormal fetuses were examined for the presence of virus and histopathologic lesions. The EMC virus was isolated in 1 case from the fetuses of an aborted litter. The isolate was serologically identical to a reference EMC virus. Nonsuppurative encephalitis and myocarditis were observed in the fetal samples collected from 2 different herds. Thoracic fluid of 1 stillborn pig with lesions was positive for EMC virus antibody at a titer of 1:512. We suggest that a widespread reproductive problem recently experienced in several major swine-producing areas of the United States may have been caused by EMC virus infection. Many infectious agents have been associated with reproductive failure in swine. Porcine parvovirus, swine enteroviruses, and pseudorabies virus are common causes of swine reproductive failure in this coun-
Supporting learners in technology-enhanced student-centred learning environments

Technology-enhanced student-centred learning environments (TESCLEs) provide learners with computer-based tools and resources to facilitate the completion of problem-based tasks. However, with TESCLEs, technology serves as a support and resource for students in their efforts to solve overarching authentic problems. Student success in these environments may be attributed to the types and amount of support they receive both from the environment and from the teacher. This paper will discuss different methods for providing students with support defined as hard and soft scaffolding and will provide examples of how these support structures are embedded into Decision Point! a TESCLE focusing on the African-American civil rights movement that occurred in the USA in the 1960s.
Challenging presentations of cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis.

Aim The purpose of this study was to describe two challenging cases of septic cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST), which presented with vastly different clinical signs and symptoms.
Myoclonus associated with long-term use of diltiazem

Purpose A case of possible diltiazem-induced myoclonus in a patient receiving long-term therapy, with residual symptoms after discontinuation, is reported. Summary A 61-year-old Caucasian man who had received diltiazem therapy for 5 years for the treatment of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) was seen at a clinic for complaints of abnormal sensations and body movements that had worsened over 2 years and were sometimes triggered by an exaggerated startle response to light and startling scenes on television and in movies. After a sleep study, electroencephalography, and other evaluations to rule out neurologic and other causes of the patient’s myoclonus, diltiazem therapy was discontinued; two weeks later, the man reported a 50% reduction in symptoms. At 1- and 3-year follow-up visits, the patient reported further diminution but not complete resolution of the myoclonic symptoms. In contrast to other published cases of calcium-channel-blocker-induced myoclonus, the onset of movement symptoms in this case was delayed, occurring years rather than days after the initiation of diltiazem use; the residual symptoms persisted far longer than in other reported cases. It is possible that the concomitant use of citalopram and a change in the patient’s lipid-lowering medication may have contributed to or prolonged the abnormal movement symptoms in this case. Using the adverse drug reaction probability algorithm of Naranjo et al., the case was classified as possible diltiazem-induced myoclonus. Conclusion A 61-year-old man developed myoclonus three years after starting diltiazem therapy for PVCs. The symptoms gradually resolved after the discontinuation of diltiazem but did not stop completely.
Oncogenic KRAS Confers Chemoresistance by Upregulating NRF2

Oncogenic KRAS mutations found in 20% to 30% of all non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are associated with chemoresistance and poor prognosis. Here we demonstrate that activation of the cell protective stress response gene NRF2 by KRAS is responsible for its ability to promote drug resistance. RNAi-mediated silencing of NRF2 was sufficient to reverse resistance to cisplatin elicited by ectopic expression of oncogenic KRAS in NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, KRAS increased NRF2 gene transcription through a TPA response element (TRE) located in a regulatory region in exon 1 of NRF2. In a mouse model of mutant KrasG12D-induced lung cancer, we found that suppressing the NRF2 pathway with the chemical inhibitor brusatol enhanced the antitumor efficacy of cisplatin. Cotreatment reduced tumor burden and improved survival. Our findings illuminate the mechanistic details of KRAS-mediated drug resistance and provide a preclinical rationale to improve the management of lung tumors harboring KRAS mutations with NRF2 pathway inhibitors.
Pulmonary Circulation in Extreme Environments

The pulmonary circulation is subject to direct challenge from both altered pressure and altered gravity. To efficiently exchange gas, the pulmonary capillaries must be extremely thin-walled and directly exposed to the alveolar space. Thus, alterations in ambient pressure are directly transmitted to the capillaries with the potential to alter pulmonary blood flow. To produce ventilation, the mammalian lung must expand and contract, and so it is a highly compliant structure. Thus, because the capillaries are contained in the alveolar walls, alterations in the apparent gravitational force deform the lung and directly affect pulmonary blood flow both through lung deformation and through changes in the hydrostatic pressure distribution in the lung. High gravitational forces are encountered in the aviation environment, while gravity is absent in spaceflight. Diving subjects the lung to large increases in ambient pressure, while large reductions in pressure occur, often associated with alterations in oxygen level and airway pressure, in aviation. This article reviews the effects of alterations in both gravity and ambient pressure on the pulmonary circulation.
Design of a clustered multiprocessor for real-time natural language understanding

The authors have designed a parallel architecture called the semantic network array processor (SNAP) for natural language understanding (NLU) and other artificial intelligence applications. It is capable of executing large marker-passing programs and generating results in real-time. The design features 32 processing clusters with four to five functionally dedicated digital signal processors in each cluster. Processors within clusters share a marker-processing memory while communication between clusters is implemented by a buffered message-passing scheme. Throughout the machine, overlapping groups of multiport memories provide a direct yet visible interconnection network. The result is a low cost, flexible, and observable parallel processor capable of performing NLU operations within subsecond response time. >
Structural dissection of ATP turnover in the prototypical GHL ATPase TopoVI

GHL proteins are functionally diverse enzymes defined by the presence of a conserved ATPase domain that self-associates to trap substrate upon nucleotide binding. The structural states adopted by these enzymes during nucleotide hydrolysis and product release, and their consequences for enzyme catalysis, have remained unclear. Here, we have determined a complete structural map of the ATP turnover cycle for topoVI-B, the ATPase subunit of the archaeal GHL enzyme topoisomerase VI. With this ensemble of structures, we show that significant conformational changes in the subunit occur first upon ATP binding, and subsequently upon release of hydrolyzed P(i). Together, these data provide a structural framework for understanding the role of ATP hydrolysis in the type II topoisomerase reaction. Our results also suggest that the GHL ATPase module is a molecular switch in which ATP hydrolysis serves as a prerequisite but not a driving force for substrate-dependent structural transitions in the enzyme.
Optical Pumping in Translation Space

Perhaps the broadest overall trend in the art of experimental atomic spectroscopy has been the steady development of techniques to obtain more control of the atoms under study. After the discharge was replaced by the molecular beam to improve the control over the translational degrees of freedom, the Stern-Gerlach magnet was developed to select the internal degrees of freedom. This led immediately to the demonstration that the internal degrees of freedom were discretely quantized, and eventually to the discovery of resonance techniques. In the context of this discussion resonance may be viewed as a tool to change the internal quantum state. The development of the separated oscillatory field method opened (prematurely) the field of coherent spectroscopy, which allows, in principle, the preparation of any coherent superposition of the internal states. In addition, the coherences between internal states of different atoms may depend on the atom’s spatial coordinate or velocity.
Asymmetric syntheses of pectenotoxins-4 and -8, part I: synthesis of the C1-C19 subunit.

The first members of the pectenotoxin family of marine natural products were isolated off the northeastern coast of Japan in 1985. Subsequently, ten members of this group have been identified.[1] The structural diversity within the pectenotoxins stems from variations in the oxidation state at C43, as well as the differing configurations of the AB spiroketal portion of the structures. Pectenotoxin-2 (C431⁄4Me) is cytotoxic towards human lung, colon, and breast cancer cell lines with LC50 values in the nanomolar range.[1c] PectenotoxCOMMUNICATIONS
CAPPS: A Framework for Power–Performance Tradeoffs in Bus-Matrix-Based On-Chip Communication Architecture Synthesis

On-chip communication architectures have a significant impact on the power consumption and performance of emerging chip multiprocessor (CMP) applications. However, customization of such architectures for an application requires the exploration of a large design space. Designers need tools to rapidly explore and evaluate relevant communication architecture configurations exhibiting diverse power and performance characteristics. In this paper, we present an automated framework for fast system-level, application-specific, power-performance tradeoffs in a bus matrix communication architecture synthesis (CAPPS). Our study makes two specific contributions. First, we develop energy models for system-level exploration of bus matrix communication architectures. Second, we incorporate these models into a bus matrix synthesis flow that enables designers to efficiently explore the power-performance design space of different bus matrix configurations. Experimental results show that our energy macromodels incur less than 5% average cycle energy error across 180-65 nm technology libraries. Our early system-level power estimation approach also shows a significant speedup ranging from 1000 to 2000× when compared with detailed gate-level power estimation. Furthermore, on applying our synthesis framework to three industrial networking CMP applications, a tradeoff space that exhibits up to 20% variation in power and up to 40% variation in performance is generated, demonstrating the usefulness of our approach.
SEASONAL FRUIT PREFERENCES FOR LIPIDS AND SUGARS BY AMERICAN ROBINS

Abstract Fruit preference by birds is a complex process based upon the morphology and spatial arrangement of fruits and on the physiological needs and capabilities of birds. In North America, most fruits can be divided into two groups based on nutritional content: those rich in sugars relative to lipids, and those rich in lipids relative to sugars. To investigate how fruit preference may change seasonally and to determine if it is correlated with physiological state, we designed a simple laboratory experiment using American Robins (Turdus migratorius) and artificial fruits. During summer and autumn, we offered eight robins a choice between synthetic sugar-rich and lipid-rich fruits of equal caloric value and then measured food intake and assimilation efficiency for each fruit type. Overall, robins preferred sugar-rich to lipid-rich fruits during both seasons. Robins had a higher assimilation efficiency for sugars than for lipids during both seasons, although assimilation efficiency of lipids increased sig...
Inference and Verification of Probabilistic Graphical Models from High-Dimensional Data

Probabilistic graphical modelling technique has been widely used to infer the causal relations in the network from high-dimensional data. One of the most challenging biological questions is the inference and verification of biological network, for example, gene regulatory network and signaling pathway, from high-dimensional omics data. Conditionally dependent genes and undirected network can be inferred from the independently and identically distributed static data, while the time series data can help reconstruct a directed network which is more important to our understanding of the complex biological system. Due to the curse of dimensionality and network sparsity, statistical inference algorithm alone is not efficient and realistic to infer and verify large networks. In this work, we propose a novel technique, which applies the dimensionality reduction, network inference and formal verification methods together to reconstruct some regulatory networks from the static and time-series microarray data. A graphical lasso algorithm is first applied to learn the structure of Gaussian graphical models from static data and infer some conditionally dependent genes. Then, an extended dynamic Bayesian network method is applied to reconstruct some weighted and directed networks from the time series data of selected genes, and also generate symbolic model verification code for model checking. Finally, we apply this technique to reconstruct and verify some regulatory networks in yeast and prostate cancer in response to stress and irradiation respectively for illustration.
High-Definition Transmission, Signal Processing, and Display

The transmission, signal processing, and display of high-definition television (HDTV), can benefit if visual perception is completely understood. This information is used in the design of a reduced-bandwidth compatible transmission system and a progressively scanned camera and display for improved vertical resolution without interline flicker. Its application to the development of a solid-state light-valve HDTV projector for theater and consumer use is also discussed.
Action potentials in invertebrate nerves studied by modulated light changes

Event-related optical signals (EROS) were obtained from electrically stimulated lobster nerves, using a modulated light source and heterodyne detection system. Changes in birefringent light intensity corresponded with electrophysiological measurements of the action potential.
THE DROSOPHILA OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. I. COLONIZATION AFTER A FIRE.

During August 27-31, 1974, approximately 70 square kilometers of chaparral and forest on the western side of the San Jacinto Range of southern California burned in the devastating Soboba fire. The affected area extended from the base of the mountain to the edge of the James San Jacinto Mountains Reserve-part of the University of California's Natural Land and Water Reserve System. The fire was intense, killing all the conifers and those portions of other trees and plants above ground. The surface was left with a cover of fine ash that averaged about 10 centimeters in depth in the area we were to study. Seemingly all sedentary life above ground had been destroyed (Fig. 1). The San Jacinto Range is home to a rich and varied population of Drosophila. In fact, it is one of the classic sites where in the 1930's, 40's and 50's Th. Dobzhansky, Carl Epling, and their associates carried out many of their fundamental observations on the biology of natural populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura. Our studies were designed to answer two main questions: (1) what is the pattern of recolonization of a burned area by Drosophila and (2) what have been the changes in Drosophila populations, if any, since Dobzhansky studied them in the late 1930's and early 1940's?
RIGHT VENTRICULAR DILATATION POST PERICARDIECTOMY CAUSES TRICUSPID REGURGITATION

Tricuspid Regurgitation (TR) often develops after pericardiectomy, resulting in persistence of right heart failure symptoms, hence translates into failure of pericardiectomy. We aimed to identify the incidence and mechanism of this complication at our center. Pre and post-operative echocardiograms
Ethnic newspaper producers face archiving challenges

In-depth interviews with 19 news producers at 22 ethnic newspapers in three Pacific Northwest states reveal barriers to physical and digital preservation of back issues that include inadequate phys...
Clinical experience in 1 118 patients with kidney transplantation

Objective:To summarize the clinical experience from 1 118 patients with kidney transplantation. Methodology:From June 1992 to October 2000,1 118 patients with end-stage renal disease,who had received renal transplantation,were enrolled this study.They were 717 males and 401 females,ranged from 10 to 79 years old (mean of 42.3).The donors′ and recipients′ HLA match,surgical procedure,organ harvest,complications,the protocol of immunosuppressive therapy and other possible factors that affect the long-term outcome had been analyzed. Results:The 1,3,and 5 year survival rate of recipient/graft was 93%/19.2%?80.2%/74.5%,and 72%/66.1%.The longest survival was more than 9 years.There were 13 cases(1.2%)with super-acute renal rejection,263 cases(23.5%)with acute renal rejection in six months after transplantation,and 189 cases(16.7%)with chronic renal rejection.The rate of complications was 55%.187 patients died,73 cases within one year and 114 cases within 1 to 5 years after renal transplantation. Conclusion:The ideal HLA matching and the high quality of surgical procedure is the assurance of successful transplantation.The immunosuppressive regimen and various complication are important factors to affect the short and long term outcome of patients with renal transplantation.
Role of carboprost in prevention of postpartum hemorrhage

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the most common causes of maternal death throughout the world. Pregnancy and childbirth involves significant health risks, even to women with no preexisting health problem. The objective of this study was to analyze the role of carboprost in prevention of PPH. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology of Dr. Sushila Tiwari Memorial Hospital, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India. A total number of 100 cases delivering in the labour room that fulfilled the selection criteria were included. Carboprost 250 microgram (1 ml) was administered intramuscularly to each of the case just after the delivery of the anterior shoulder of baby. Duration of third stage, amount of blood loss, incidence of PPH and side effect profile was studied. Results: Carboprost reduces the duration and amount of blood loss in the third stage of labour but is associated with a number of unpleasant side effects. Conclusions: Active management of third stage of labour is recommended in all cases. Carboprost is highly efficacious in reducing the incidence of PPH.
Bat activity during autumn relates to atmospheric conditions: implications for coastal wind energy development

The cryptic behavior of migrating bats leaves us largely uninformed of their seasonal distribution and abundance, important movement corridors, and migration behaviors. However, models of avian migration in relation to meteorological variables may prove useful in describing seasonal patterns of coastal bat activity. We pursued 2 primary objectives regarding regional autumn bat activity along the Atlantic Coast of southern New England, United States, inferred from continuous acoustic monitoring: 1) to evaluate hypotheses regarding the association of regional atmospheric conditions and coastal bat activity and 2) to construct and evaluate models that predict regional bat activity on a given night using meteorological data accessed ahead of the activity. Acoustic bat activity was attributable primarily to 2 species of migratory tree bats, red bat and silver-haired bat, but also the short-distance migrant tricolored bat and generally sedentary big brown bat. Myotis spp. and hoary bat detections were relatively uncommon among classified calls. Coastal bat activity varied with regional wind conditions indicative of cold front passage and expected to induce a more coastal flight path, but associations with other atmospheric conditions from models of songbird migration were typically weak. Bat acoustic activity also was associated strongly with various aspects of temperature. Predictive models of regional nightly bat activity were reasonably accurate in anticipating nights of the highest and lowest bat activity, particularly for low-frequency bats such as silver-haired and big brown bat. The ability to anticipate high bat activity may help reduce adverse interactions with forthcoming wind energy development in coastal and offshore areas along the western Atlantic Ocean.
The 68040 integer and floating-point units

The integer, floating-point, and on-chip memory subsystems of the Motorola 68040 microprocessor operate in parallel to achieve four times the performance of a 68020 microprocessor and ten times the performance of a 68882 floating-point coprocessor. The integer and floating-point units are described in terms of their performance, internal architecture, and methods used to obtain this performance. The 68040 integer unit (IU) is optimized to execute the most common instructions in a single cycle while maintaining user code compatibly with the 68000 family. To increase performance, the 68040 reduces both the number of arithmetic logic unit (ALU) cycles per instruction (CPI) and the ALU cycle time. The 68040 has a six-stage pipe consisting of an instruction prefetch stage, a program counter calculation and decode stage, an effective address calculation stage for operands, a data execute stage, and a write-back stage. The 68040 floating-point unit (FPU) conforms to the IEEE 754 floating-point standard via a software envelope. >
Dynamics and transport properties of three surface quasigeostrophic point vortices.

The surface quasi-geostrophic (SQG) equations are a model for low-Rossby number geophysical flows in which the dynamics are governed by potential temperature dynamics on the boundary. We examine point vortex solutions to this model as well as the chaotic flows induced by three point vortices. The chaotic transport induced by these flows is investigated using techniques of Poincare maps and the Finite Time Braiding Exponent (FTBE). This chaotic transport is representative of the mixing in the flow, and these terms are used interchangeably in this work. Compared with point vortices in two-dimensional flow, the SQG vortices are found to produce flows with higher FTBE, indicating more mixing. Select results are presented for analyzing mixing for arbitrary vortex strengths.
The Complexities of Cognitive Impairment and the Process of Aging

The topic of this chapter is cognitive impairment among elderly men and women. My attempt has been first to introduce some of the complexities involved in conceptualizing cognitive deficits in this population, and then to proceed systematically to identify the prominent categories of intellectual disturbances. In general, there are two broad divisions: those cognitive disorders that are reversible, such as pseudodementia or the effects of treatable medical conditions, and those cognitive disorders that are irreversible, such as Alzheimer’s disease or Korsakoff’s syndrome.
BRAZIL´S CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM: A CLOSER LOOK AT THE PEDRINHAS´PRISON COMPLEX

This article intends to bring up to discussion the tragic incidents with inmate riots and other prison conditions in Pedrinhas´prison complex. It also briefly analyses human rights violations and abuse within the overall Brazilian penitentiary system and the urgent need to tackle the problematic growth of the prison population in Brazil.
Detecting and Traversing Bifurcation Points in Nonlinear Structural Analysis

We investigate procedures for detecting and traversing bifurcation points that occur in the geometrically nonlinear analysis of elastic structures. In particular, we study a family of test function...
Synchronization of linear high-order heterogeneous multi-agent systems via event-triggered control with limited output communication

In this paper we consider the output synchronization problem for linear high-order heterogeneous multi-agent systems with a directed communication graph. A distributed event-triggered control protocol is provided to solve the problem. The protocol is applicable to different agents, even with different dimensions. It is worth mentioning that the protocol only requires each agent to send the output information which are to be synchronized when an event-triggered condition is satisfied. Such a control protocol substantially reduces the cost of communication. The proposed protocol also ensures that the synchronization of the multi-agent system can be achieved asymptotically without Zeno-behavior. A numerical simulation is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of our protocol.
New window materials for high power gyrotron

A single free standing synthetic diamond window seems to have higher absorption coefficient value atmillimeter wavelength region at this time although it is claimed that it possesses good mechanical strengthand higher thermal conductivity characteristics. It certainly does not rule out the use of diamond film onsingle crystal high resistivity silicon to improve its mechanical strength and thermal conductivity. Onemay have to use an appropriate film thickness for a particular wavelength in gyrotron window application.It is also necessary to use an appropriate thickness for the silicon perhaps equivalent to a quaterwavelengthin order to avoid the reflection mismatch
Using the Semantic Web to Improve Knowledge of Translations

More than half of the almost 400 million bibliographic records in WorldCat are for languages other than English. Most of the monographs described were published only once. But a few million represent the core of our shared culture—works that have been translated into multiple languages, and sometimes translated multiple times into the same language. We learn about other cultures, and other cultures learn about ours, through these translations. As the world’s largest bibliographic database, WorldCat is positioned to provide the translation history of works, using the W3C bib extension translationOfWork to communicate the relationship of each translation to the original work. In our multilingual data enhancements project, our goal was to improve the descriptions of the most frequently published works, as they are the ones most likely to be translated and searched by users. In a database of MARC records, machine processes cannot support browsing or searching of works and their translations. Critical entities such as the title of the original work and the names of the translators are not always expressed in a machine-understandable form—and sometimes the information is missing altogether. Since a manual cleanup is not scalable, we explored the possibility of enriching MARC records with Linked Data from a third-party source, Wikidata. By integrating information from both WorldCat and Wikidata, we may be in a better position to present information about frequently-translated works in the preferred language and script of the user.
Unraveling the surface chemistry processes in lithiated and boronized plasma material interfaces under extreme conditions

The review of recent theoretical and experimental research on the complex surface chemistry processes that evolve from low-Z material conditioning on plasma-facing materials under extreme fusion plasma conditions is presented. A combination of multi-scale computational physics and chemistry modeling with real-time diagnosis of the plasma-material interface in tokamak fusion plasma edge is complemented by ex-vessel in-situ single-effect experimental facilities to unravel the evolving characteristics of low-Z components under irradiation. Effects of the lithium and boron coatings at carbon surfaces to the retention of deuterium and chemical sputtering of the plasma-facing surfaces are discussed in detail. The critical role of oxygen in the surface chemistry during hydrogen-fuel irradiation is found to drive the kinetics and dynamics of these surfaces as they interact with fusion edge plasma that ultimately could have profound effects on fusion plasma confinement behavior. Computational studies also extend in spatio-temporal scales not accessible by empirical means and therefore open the opportunity for a strategic approach at irradiation surface science studies that combined these powerful computational tools with in-vessel and ex-vessel in-situ diagnostics.
Cost-effectiveness of split-night polysomnography and home studies in the evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Study objectives Split-night polysomnography (PSG) and unattended home sleep studies have come into use as less-expensive tests for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, but their impact on cost-effectiveness of the overall evaluation and treatment is unknown. We compared the cost-effectiveness of evaluations that employ these 2 procedures with a conventional approach using full-night PSG. Methods We used a decision-tree model that incorporated typical clinical algorithms for each of the 3 strategies to compare their cost-effectiveness from a third-party payer perspective over a 5-year period. Probabilities and test characteristics were derived from data from the published literature. Cost estimates were based on the 2004 Medicare Fee Schedule. Survival rates were taken from National Center for Health Statistics data and published studies. Effectiveness was measured as quality-adjusted life years. Results Trade-offs of overall costs versus effectiveness were identified. The home-studies strategy was less costly and less effective than split-night PSG and full-night PSG, as was split-night PSG compared with full-night PSG. Costs to attain additional quality-adjusted life years were below commonly accepted thresholds. A probabilistic analysis suggested that the home-studies approach was most cost-effective at the lowest amounts of third-party willingness to pay, whereas split-night PSG or full-night PSG was most cost-effective at higher amounts. Conclusions Home studies and split-night PSG are cost-effective alternatives to full-night PSG. Willingness-to-pay is an important consideration in choosing the most cost-effective approach. This study points out the importance of considering the complexities within the entire process of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome evaluation when comparing costs among different procedures.
Mitochondrial DNA deletions/rearrangements in parkinson disease and related neurodegenerative disorders.

Inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain function may contribute to dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra (SN) of patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Since large-scale structural changes (e.g. deletions and rearrangements in mitochondrial DNA [mtDNA]) have been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, we tested the hypothesis that increased total mtDNA deletions/rearrangements are associated with neurodegeneration in PD. This study employed a well-established technique, long-extension polymerase chain reaction (LX-PCR), to detect the multiple mtDNA deletions/rearrangements in the SN of patients with PD, multiple system atrophy (MSA), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Alzheimer disease (AD), and age-matched controls. We also compared the total mtDNA deletions/rearrangements in different brain regions of PD patients. The results demonstrated that both the number and variety of mtDNA deletions/rearrangements were selectively increased in the SN of PD patients compared to patients with other movement disorders as well as patients with AD and age-matched controls. In addition, increased mtDNA deletions/rearrangements were observed in other brain regions in PD patients, indicating that mitochondrial dysfunction is not just limited to the SN of PD patients. These data suggest that accumulation of total mtDNA deletions/rearrangements is a relatively specific characteristic of PD and may be one of the contributing factors leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration in PD.
Digital Subtraction Angiography, the New Standard in Pediatric Cardiology?

Radiographic cardiac imaging with contrast medium is one of the oldest and most accurate methods for diagnosing cardiac anatomic malformations. The techniques used have been governed by the level of X-ray exposure and the dose of contrast medium required. This for many years limited the use of this modality in infants and small children. As surgeons became more expert in correcting defects the requirement for accurate preoperative diagnosis became increasingly important. For this reason imaging has been a modality that is directed primarily to surgical intervention. This is understandable since the detailed delineation of anatomy is essential to the surgery.
Multiple Pursuer-Based Intercept via Forward Stochastic Reachability

We discuss the multiple pursuer-based intercept of a threat unmanned aerial system (UAS) with stochastic dynamics via multiple pursuing UASs, using forward stochastic reachability and receding horizon control techniques. We formulate a stochastic model for the threat that can emulate the potentially adversarial behavior and is amenable to the existing scalable results in forward stochastic reachability literature. The optimal state for the intercept for each individual pursuer is obtained via a log-concave optimization problem, and the open-loop control paths are obtained via a convex optimization problem. With stochasticity modeled as a Gaussian process, we can approximate the optimization problem as a quadratic program, to enable real-time path planning. We also incorporate real-time sensing into the path planning by using a receding horizon controller, to improve the intercept probabilities. We validate the proposed framework via hardware experiments.
“You Explore, I Guide, We Learn!”: Developing an inquiry-based teaching curriculum

As educators seek to engage students in their learning, inquiry-based teaching can be an effective approach for transforming teaching. The result is a transformative shift in learning for students ...
Beyond silence or compliance: The complexities of reporting a friend for misconduct

Why do employees fail to report a friend's misconduct, and if they do not report, how else do they cope with this ethical dilemma? Through two field studies, we offer a more nuanced understanding of the range of alternative responses between the extremes of silence (ignoring misconduct) and compliance (reporting), and we illuminate the underlying reasons for these choices. Our results reveal that most employees are inclined to attempt to resolve a friend‐reporting situation themselves, and further, that many employees hesitate to report a friend's misconduct for ethical reasons. Specifically, we show how an ethic of care expressed through empathy for the transgressor may play an important and previously unexamined role in friend‐reporting decisions, drawing attention to the consideration of empathy as a key emotion that can reduce compliance with reporting programmes. In addition to these important contributions to the literature, practitioners should also find this study useful, as it suggests new approaches to help employees better align their choices with the compliance goals of the organisation without sacrificing their valued friendships.
Accounting reporting standards: attitudes toward cash flow reporting and the impact on share price

This study explores the attitudes of accounting reporting standard-setters towards cash flows and the impact on cash flow per share (CFPS) on share price. Included are companies headquartered in the USA, where generally accepted accounting principles (US GAAP) is adhered to and reporting CFPS is prohibited, and Canada, where international financial reporting standards (IFRS) has been adopted and companies are free to report CFPS. The results indicate differences exist. First, the firm's country where headquartered is highly significant in determining share price. Next, whether earnings per share (EPS) was positive or negative is significant. Finally, for US based companies, CFPS was significant when EPS was positive, but insignificant when EPS was negative. Conversely, for those firms that are headquartered in Canada, CFPS is highly significant whether EPS is positive or negative.
Paraganglioma of the urinary bladder: can biologic potential be predicted?

BACKGROUND Paraganglioma of the urinary bladder is rarely encountered and its biologic behavior is uncertain. The authors sought to determine the prognostic factors that would predict patient outcome. METHODS The Mayo Clinic experience over 53 years with paraganglioma of the bladder was reviewed. All histologic slides from 16 patients were reviewed by the authors. Eight cases were examined immunohistochemically with cytokeratin (AE1/3, cytokeratin 7, and cytokeratin 20), vimentin, S-100 protein, neuroendocrine markers (chromogranin, synaptophysin, and neuron specific enolase), p53 protein, and MIB-1. DNA ploidy was determined by digital image analysis in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue. The mean follow-up was 6.3 years (range, 0.4–16.4 years). RESULTS Paraganglioma usually occurred in young adult women (mean age, 45 years; range, 16–74 years). The male-to-female ratio was 1 to 3. The common symptoms and signs were hypertension and hematuria. The tumors were usually located intramurally in the lateral and posterior wall of the bladder and were multifocal in 3 cases (18%). Seven patients were treated by transurethral resection, eight by partial cystectomy, and one by radical cystectomy. T classification was T1 (1 patient), T2 (9 patients), T3 (2 patients), and T4b (4 patients). At the time of diagnosis, one patient had distant metastasis and one had regional lymph node metastasis. One patient developed metastasis 1 year after diagnosis and died of the disease 1.5 years later. None of the patients with T1 or T2 tumors had recurrence or tumor progression. All tumors were aneuploid. The mean MIB-1 labeling index was 1.5% (range, 0.03–7.0%). The tumor cells displayed immunoreactivity for S-100 protein and neuroendocrine markers and were negative for p53 (except 1 case) and cytokeratin. CONCLUSIONS Paraganglioma of the urinary bladder occurs mostly in young adult women. Patients with tumor of advanced classification (≥T3) are at risk of recurrence, metastasis, and dying of the disease, whereas patients in this study with T1 or T2 disease had favorable outcomes after complete tumor resection. Cancer 2000;88:844–52. © 2000 American Cancer Society.
Multi-Bit Read and Write Methodologies for Diode-MTJ Crossbar Array

Crossbar arrays using emerging Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) technologies offer high density, fast access speed and low-power. However, the bandwidth of the crossbar is limited to single-bit read/write per access to avoid the selection of undesirable bits. In this work, we propose a technique to perform multi-bit read and write in a diode-MTJ (Magnetic Tunnel Junction) crossbar array. The simulation shows that the biasing voltage of half-selected cells can be adjusted to improve the sense margin during read which in turn, reduces the sneak path through the half-selected cells. Results indicate biasing the half-selected cells by 700mV can enable reading as much as 512bits while sustaining 512×512 crossbar with 2.04 years retention. During write operation, the half-selected cells are biased with a pulse voltage source in addition to V/2 scheme which increases the write latency of these cells and enables writing 2 bits while keeping the half-selected bits undisturbed. The 2bit writing requires pulsing by 50mV to optimize energy.
Principles of Breast Augmentation: The Process of Augmentation Mastopexy and Criteria for Staging

Augmentation mastopexy remains a popular procedure for patients and surgeons. Over the past several decades, the techniques for single stage augmentation mastopexy have greatly evolved; however, even though new knowledge has improved the process, it still has a high revision rate and decreased patient satisfaction scores. The real time tissue dilemma of conflicting forces of augmentation (tissue expansion) and mastopexy (tissue reduction) have led to higher revision rates, decreased patient satisfaction and pending litigation. Some have even argued for staging of all augmentation mastopexy procedures. Similar to breast augmentation where The Process of Breast Augmentation (Adams 2008) has proven to yield superior outcomes and patient experience, the use of a safe and reliable “processed” approach to single stage augmentation mastopexy is highly predictable with low re-operation rates. The technical refinements presented have led to increased consistency in delivering high quality results to patients in a procedure fraught with challenges. This process approach presented in the following chapter demonstrates the preoperative planning and intraoperative steps to achieve predictable results with single stage augmentation mastopexy.
Datura genome reveals duplications of psychoactive alkaloid biosynthetic genes and high mutation rate following tissue culture.

Datura stramonium (Jimsonweed) is a medicinally and pharmaceutically important plant in the nightshade family (Solanaceae) known for its production of various toxic, hallucinogenic, and therapeutic tropane alkaloids. Recently, we published a tissue-culture based transformation protocol for D. stramonium that enables more thorough functional genomics studies of this plant. However, the tissue culture process can lead to undesirable phenotypic and genomic consequences independent of the transgene used. Here, we have assembled and annotated a draft genome of D. stramonium with a focus on tropane alkaloid biosynthetic genes. We then use mRNA sequencing and genome resequencing of transformants to characterize changes following tissue culture. Our draft assembly conforms to the expected 2 gigabasepair haploid genome size of this plant and achieved a BUSCO score of 94.7% complete, single-copy genes. The repetitive content of the genome is 61%, with Gypsy-type retrotransposons accounting for half of this. Our gene annotation estimates the number of protein-coding genes at 52,149 and shows evidence of duplications in two key alkaloid biosynthetic genes, tropinone reductase I and hyoscyamine 6 β-hydroxylase. Following tissue culture, we detected only 186 differentially expressed genes, but were unable to correlate these changes in expression with either polymorphisms from resequencing or positional effects of transposons. We have assembled, annotated, and characterized the first draft genome for this important model plant species. Using this resource, we show duplications of genes leading to the synthesis of the medicinally important alkaloid, scopolamine. Our results also demonstrate that following tissue culture, mutation rates of transformed plants are quite high (1.16 × 10− 3 mutations per site), but do not have a drastic impact on gene expression.
Ketamine in Refractory Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Purpose:To describe the use of ketamine in an adult patient in aborting a cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) episode.Summary:A 40-year-old man with a history of CVS was admitted after several days of n...
Linear regression and sensitivity analysis in nuclear reactor design

Abstract The paper presents a general strategy applicable for sensitivity analysis (SA), and uncertainity quantification analysis (UA) of parameters related to a nuclear reactor design. This work also validates the use of linear regression (LR) for predictive analysis in a nuclear reactor design. The analysis helps to determine the parameters on which a LR model can be fit for predictive analysis. For those parameters, a regression surface is created based on trial data and predictions are made using this surface. A general strategy of SA to determine and identify the influential parameters those affect the operation of the reactor is mentioned. Identification of design parameters and validation of linearity assumption for the application of LR of reactor design based on a set of tests is performed. The testing methods used to determine the behavior of the parameters can be used as a general strategy for UA, and SA of nuclear reactor models, and thermal hydraulics calculations. A design of a gas cooled fast breeder reactor (GCFBR), with thermal–hydraulics, and energy transfer has been used for the demonstration of this method. MCNP6 is used to simulate the GCFBR design, and perform the necessary criticality calculations. Java is used to build and run input samples, and to extract data from the output files of MCNP6, and R is used to perform regression analysis and other multivariate variance, and analysis of the collinearity of data.
Clinical Reasoning Skills in the Pediatric Occupational Therapy Course

This paper describes a work in progress in which multimedia is integrated into classroom instruction with the goal of enhancing clinical reasoning skills among third year occupational therapy students. The integration of multimedia and problem-based learning is designed to create a clinical climate in the classroom. The goal is to provide additional opportunities to use learning materials, and to apply the skills and knowledge students need in evaluation, intervention planning, formulating treatment goals and objectives, and documentation. Introduction Current trends in occupational therapy education requires the movement away from the memorization of facts ("recipe approach") and toward an analysis, synthesis, and application of the data to provide excellent services to children with disabilities. Learning how to exercise clinical reasoning in the classroom in preparation for the clinic requires more complex cognitive processes than simple memorization. Observation of both typical and atypical children and the posing of problems to be solved assists students in the experience of this process. Peloquin and Babola (1996) and Babola and Peloquin (1999) proposed the creation of a “clinical climate in the classroom". However, their original work did not explore the use of technology within the classroom for this purpose. The project described in this paper combines the use of multimedia to make the observation of typical and atypical children more accessible to students who do not have access to clinical experiences while receiving classroom instruction.
Tunable frequency combs based on dual microring resonators

We demonstrate tunable coupling condition of a silicon nitride microresonator frequency comb. Using a dual-coupled resonator geometry and integrated microheaters, we achieve 13.3 dB of extinction tuning and observe 10-fold increase in generated power.