cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen isoelectronic trap in GaAs/sub 1-x/P/sub x/: II. Model calculation of the electronic states N/sub Gamma/and N/sub x/ at low temperture

A semiphenomenological theory of the isolated N isoelectronic trap in $\mathrm{Ga}{\mathrm{As}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{P}}_{x}$ is presented, based on an extended (multisite), one-band Koster-Slater model of the electron-impurity interaction, including the effects of both the central-cell atomic pseudopotential difference and the spatially extended lattice distortion surrounding the substitutional nitrogen impurity. The alloy host is treated in a virtual-crystal approximation. The parameters of the model are determined by fitting low-temperature photoluminescence data from ion-implanted materials of two compositions selected near $x\ensuremath{\approx}0.35$. The model yields both a spatially localized ${N}_{X} (or A)$ state which evolves continuously with decreasing $x$ from the $A$ line of GaP, and a spatially-diffuse state ${N}_{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$ which is present in near-direct and direct-band-gap alloys ($0.3\ensuremath{\lesssim}x\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.5$). The theory quantitatively describes the energies of these luminescence lines as a function of alloy composition $x$. In addition, good agreement with the data is found for the following calculated quantities: (i) the composition dependences of the ${N}_{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$ and ${N}_{X}$ luminescence intensities, (ii) the pressure dependences of the ${N}_{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$ and ${N}_{X}$ intensities, (iii) the composition dependence of the ${N}_{X}$ lifetime, and (iv) the binding energy of N${\mathrm{N}}_{1}$ pairs in GaP. The model leads to a tentative interpretation of ${N}_{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$ luminescence as originating, at least in part, from excitonic molecules.
Polymorphous ventricular tachycardia provoked by lidocaine

Abstract Lidocaine is an antiarrhythmic agent frequently used for both the prophylaxis and treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. Although it has been implicated in precipitating1–4 or aggravating5 ventricular arrhythmias, the association has been weak. We report a patient in whom polymorphous ventricular tachycardia (VT) was found only in the setting of lidocaine administration. QT prolongation, a known predisposing factor for ventricular arrhythmias, was present in this patient.
Proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in the seed coat of yellow-seeded, canola quality Brassica napus YN01-429 is constrained at the committed step catalyzed by dihydroflavonol 4-reductaseThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in a Special Issue from the National Research Council of Canada – Plant Biotechnology Institute.

The yellow seed characteristic in Brassica napus L. is desirable because of its association with higher oil content and better quality of oil-extracted meal. YN01-429 is a yellow-seeded canola-qual...
Feeding Behaviour of the Praying Mantis: A Learned Modification

THE feeding behaviour of the praying mantis typically consists of a period of visual search, a slow approach to the prey, capture by an extremely rapid grasping movement of the raptorial prothoracic legs and ingestion of the captured food1,2. The stimulus releasing the strike is visual and is maximal when the prey moves within reach of the forelegs and exhibits rapid, jerky movements of its appendages3. The degree of responsiveness of a mantis to prey is dependent on its nutritional state4. As starvation proceeds, a mantis will become aware of and stalk prey moving at greater distances from its body, will stalk more quickly and will strike at larger prey (ref. 4 and my unpublished work).
Impact of Renal Function on the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Ceftolozane-Tazobactam

Ceftolozane-tazobactam is a novel antipseudomonal cephalosporin with a β-lactamase inhibitor. We investigated the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of ceftolozane-tazobactam in subjects with various degrees of renal function. In two phase I, open-label studies, a single dose of ceftolozane-tazobactam was administered as a 1-h intravenous infusion to 24 subjects with normal, mild, or moderate renal impairment (1,000/500 mg) and six subjects with severe renal impairment (500/250 mg). Six subjects with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) received two doses of ceftolozane-tazobactam (500/250 mg each), pre- and posthemodialysis (post-HD). PK parameters were determined by noncompartmental methods. Plasma exposure to ceftolozane-tazobactam increased as renal function declined with only slightly increased exposures in subjects with mild renal impairment; the median area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0-∞) for ceftolozane and tazobactam increased 1.4- and 1.2-fold, respectively. In subjects with moderate renal impairment, the AUC0-∞ increased 2.5- and 2.2-fold for ceftolozane and tazobactam, respectively. In subjects with severe renal impairment, the dose-normalized median AUC0-∞ for ceftolozane and tazobactam increased 4.4- and 3.8-fold, respectively. In ESRD subjects, ceftolozane and tazobactam concentrations declined rapidly following the start of HD, with approximately 66 and 56% reductions in overall exposure based on the AUC0-∞ before and after dialysis. Slight increases in exposure with mild renal impairment do not warrant a dose adjustment; however, subjects with moderate or severe renal impairment and those on HD require a decrease in the dose, a change in the frequency of administration, or both to achieve exposures within the established safety and efficacy margins of ceftolozane-tazobactam. Ceftolozane-tazobactam was well tolerated by all renal impairment groups.
The effect of the Tarrant County drug court project on recidivism

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of a drug court program on the criminal recidivism of its clients. The study uses the non-equivalent comparison group evaluation design to measure program impact by examining differences in outcomes between program participants and a comparison group. The results show program retention and completion rates increased steadily over the 3-year study period. Also, program participants performed better on a number of the indicators of recidivism than the participant group. However, while small substantive project effect sizes can be identified, the study finds no statistically significant difference in recidivism between program participants and the comparison group.
Joint toxicity of chlorpyrifos and esfenvalerate to fathead minnows and midge larvae

The joint toxicity of esfenvalerate and chlorpyrifos to the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and the aquatic midge larvae (Chironomus tentans) was determined using comparisons to independent action (IA) and concentration addition (CA) models. Equipotent mixtures of the two insecticides were used for initial testing of both species. A secondary study evaluating the effects of low-level chlorpyrifos on esfenvalerate toxicity also was performed. For fathead minnows, the equipotent mixture and the low-level chlorpyrifos exposure resulted in toxicity greater than that predicted by either model. In both studies, however, the observed concentrations causing 50% effect (EC50) were within a factor of two of the values predicted by the CA model. For midges, the observed EC50s were similar to the values predicted by the CA model, whereas the IA model slightly underpredicted toxicity. The observance of toxicity that was not predicted by either of the conceptual models tested likely results from a toxicokinetic interaction occurring between the toxicants.
Antihypertensive effects of β-blockers administered once daily: 24-hour measurements

Abstract Whole-day automated ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring was used to assess the duration of the antihypertensive actions of the β-bockers atenolol (50 to 100 mg; n = 20) and acebutolol (400 to 800 mg; n = 19) each given once daily at 9 am. When compared with its pretreatment 24-hour average, atenolol decreased diastolic BP by 10 ± 2 mm Hg ( p p p p p p p
Nursing in the Pacific Basin: A crisis in health care

Nurses in the US-Associated Pacific island jurisdictions face a number of problems. Data were collected in 1992 from staffing analyses, unpublished documents, and discussions with nurse leaders to record the status of nursing. The political context of nursing practice, current nursing practice, the nursing workforce, development of nursing resources, and the commitment of local governments are reviewed. Specific recommendations to address the problems are listed.
Formation and stability of cellular carbon foam structures: an ab initio study.

We use ab initio density functional calculations to study the formation and structural as well as thermal stability of cellular foamlike carbon nanostructures. These systems with a mixed $s{p}^{2}/s{p}^{3}$ bonding character may be viewed as bundles of carbon nanotubes fused to a rigid contiguous 3D honeycomb structure that can be compressed more easily by reducing the symmetry of the honeycombs. The foam may accommodate the same type of defects as graphene, and its surface may be stabilized by terminating caps. We postulate that the foam may form under nonequilibrium conditions near grain boundaries of a carbon-saturated metal surface.
Functional morphology of somatic muscles and anterolateral setae in Filinia novaezealandiae Shiel and Sanoamuang, 1993 (Rotifera)

Abstract The freshwater rotifer, Filinia novaezealandiae , is a planktonic species in tropical limnetic ecosystems. Like other species in the genus, F. novaezealandiae has two mobile, anterolateral setae that supposedly facilitate saltation through the water column as a means of escape from predators. However, very little is known about setal structure or the control of setal movement. Here, we use a combination of behavioral observations, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, phalloidin staining of F-actin, conventional fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy, and three-dimensional (3D) analysis software to investigate saltation in F. novaezealandiae and gain insight into the contribution that both setae and muscles play in locomotion. Results from EM reveal that the paired anterolateral setae are smooth, hollow extensions of the syncytial integument and constructed of two layers: a thin internal and thick external lamina. The setal cavity is continuous with the body cavity of the trunk, and the setae articulate with the trunk at a series of flexible folds. A lack of direct muscular supply to the setae indicates that their movement is likely to result from a combination of: (1) contractions of specific muscle sets (e.g., anterior transverse muscle, post coronal ring muscle) that insert on the body wall around the setae; and (2) changes in hydrostatic pressure within the body cavity that accompany coronal withdrawal (via contraction of retractor muscles) and extension. These descriptions, together with behavioral observations, indicate that the primary function of the setae is likely to be predator deterrence and not predator evasion. Likewise, saltation is probably a result of heightened coronal activity that immediately follows cycles of setal abduction/adduction. These insights, together with new descriptions of the muscular system in F. novaezealandiae , may be of utility in understanding the evolution of locomotory mechanisms among rotifers.
The child psychiatrist treating physicians' families.

Abstract Medical families often are provided less than optimal child psychiatric service. The reasons largely relate to professional and countertransference attitudes of the child psychiatrist. The difficulties that commonly face a child psychiatrist asked to evaluate and treat a child of a medical collegeague are described. A more open sharing of these issues should facilitate the child therapist's work with families of health care providers.
Organizing population data into complex family pedigrees: application of a second-order data linkage to state birth defects registries.

Researchers and health officials are increasingly using electronic linkage of large-scale health data systems as a tool for assembling a comprehensive picture of birth defects at a population level. Current linkage and database techniques are limited to first-order linkage – linking information on a single individual in one database with information on that same individual in another database. For example, while current strategies may indicate whether a child with a certain birth defect also has a specific metabolic disorder or risk factor, they are unable to readily determine whether he or she also has any siblings or other relatives with the same pattern. In contrast, the current manuscript proposes a second-order linkage—one that organizes data so that individual-level data can readily be organized into families or extended family pedigrees across an entire population. The ability to link and organize population data into family pedigrees can have significant, broad impact upon health research and service delivery. This can lead to large-scale analysis of genetic factors and, with the linking of environmental data, the potential for large-scale studies of gene-environment interactions. In addition, it expands the potential for epidemiological research by readily allowing the examination of familial effects upon population rates of birth defects, and provides valuable information that can assist in applied public health. An example of a second order database incorporating an electronic birth defects registry is presented. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 70:603–608, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A nonlinear hebbian network that learns to detect disparity in random-dot stereograms

An intrinsic limitation of linear, Hebbian networks is that they are capable of learning only from the linear pairwise correlations within an input stream. To explore what higher forms of structure could be learned with a nonlinear Hebbian network, we constructed a model network containing a simple form of nonlinearity and we applied it to the problem of learning to detect the disparities present in random-dot stereograms. The network consists of three layers, with nonlinear sigmoidal activation functions in the second-layer units. The nonlinearities allow the second layer to transform the pixel-based representation in the input layer into a new representation based on coupled pairs of left-right inputs. The third layer of the network then clusters patterns occurring on the second-layer outputs according to their disparity via a standard competitive learning rule. Analysis of the network dynamics shows that the second-layer units' nonlinearities interact with the Hebbian learning rule to expand the region over which pairs of left-right inputs are stable. The learning rule is neurobiologically inspired and plausible, and the model may shed light on how the nervous system learns to use coincidence detection in general.
Heat transfer from an obliquely impinging circular, air jet to a flat plate

Abstract A series of experiments was conducted for the measurement of local convective heat transfer coefficients for an obliquely impinging circular air jet to a flat plate. In the experiments, the oblique angles selected were 90°, 75°, 60° and 45°, with 90° being a vertical jet. Two different Reynolds numbers of 10,000 and 23,000 were considered for the purpose of comparison with previous data available in the literature. Another parameter varied in the measurements was the dimensionless jet-to-plate distance, L/D. Four values of L/D(2, 4, 7, and 10) were considered in the experiments. The experiments were conducted using the preheated wall transient liquid-crystal technique. Liquid-crystal color changes were recorded with a video system. Local convective heat transfer coefficients were obtained through the surface transient temperatures that were related to the recorded color information. Detailed local heat transfer coefficients were presented and discussed in relation to the asymmetric wall jet upon impingement of the jet flow. Results of experiments show that, for a given flow situation, the point of maximum heat transfer shifts away from the geometrical impingement point toward the compression side of the wall jet on the axis of symmetry. The shift is more pronounced with a smaller oblique angle (larger jet inclination) and a smaller jet-to-plate distance. Comparisons of experimental results with existing heat transfer data for both obliquely impinging jets and vertical impinging jets are made. The effect of oblique angles on heat transfer was assessed.
Discrete Wavelet Transform Core for Image Processing Applications

This paper presents a flexible hardware architecture for performing the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) on a digital image. The proposed architecture uses a variation of the lifting scheme technique and provides advantages that include small memory requirements, fixed-point arithmetic implementation, and a small number of arithmetic computations. The DWT core may be used for image processing operations, such as denoising and image compression. For example, the JPEG2000 still image compression standard uses the Cohen-Daubechies-Favreau (CDF) 5/3 and CDF 9/7 DWT for lossless and lossy image compression respectively. Simple wavelet image denoising techniques resulted in improved images up to 27 dB PSNR. The DWT core is modeled using MATLAB and VHDL. The VHDL model is synthesized to a Xilinx FPGA to demonstrate hardware functionality. The CDF 5/3 and CDF 9/7 versions of the DWT are both modeled and used as comparisons. The execution time for performing both DWTs is nearly identical at approximately 14 clock cycles per image pixel for one level of DWT decomposition. The hardware area generated for the CDF 5/3 is around 15,000 gates using only 5% of the Xilinx FPGA hardware area, at 2.185 MHz max clock speed and 24 mW power consumption.
Structural, thermal, magnetic, and electronic transport properties of the LaNi 2 (Ge 1 − x P x ) 2 system

Polycrystalline samples of LaNi${}_{2}$(Ge${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$P${}_{x}$)${}_{2}$ ($x=0,\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}0.25,\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}0.50,\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}0.75,\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}1$) were synthesized and their properties investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements at room temperature and by heat capacity ${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$, magnetic susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}$, and electrical resistivity $\ensuremath{\rho}$ measurements versus temperature $T$ from 1.8 to 350 K. Rietveld refinements of powder XRD patterns confirm that these compounds crystallize in the body-centered-tetragonal ThCr${}_{2}$Si${}_{2}$-type structure (space group $I$4/mmm) with composition-dependent lattice parameters that slightly deviate from Vegard's law. The $\ensuremath{\rho}(T)$ measurements showed a positive temperature coefficient for all samples from 1.8 to 300 K, indicating that all compositions in this system are metallic. The low-$T$ ${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$ measurements yield a rather large Sommerfeld electronic specific heat coefficient $\ensuremath{\gamma}=12.4(2)$ mJ/mol K${}^{2}$ for $x=0$, reflecting a large density of states at the Fermi energy that is comparable with the largest values found for the $A$Fe${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$ class of materials with the same crystal structure. The $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ decreases approximately linearly with $x$ to 7.4(1) mJ/mol K${}^{2}$ for $x=1$. The $\ensuremath{\chi}$ measurements show nearly temperature-independent paramagnetic behavior across the entire range of compositions except for LaNi${}_{2}$Ge${}_{2}$, where a broad peak is observed at $\ensuremath{\approx}300$ K from $\ensuremath{\chi}(T)$ measurements up to 1000 K that may arise from short-range antiferromagnetic correlations in a quasi-two-dimensional magnetic system. High-accuracy Pad\'e approximants representing the Debye lattice heat capacity and Bloch-Gr\"uneisen electron-phonon resistivity functions versus $T$ are presented and are used to analyze our experimental ${C}_{\mathrm{p}}(T)$ and $\ensuremath{\rho}(T)$ data, respectively, for $1.8\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}\ensuremath{\le}T\ensuremath{\le}300$ K. The $T$ dependences of $\ensuremath{\rho}$ for all samples are well-described over this $T$ range by the Bloch-Gr\"uneisen model, although the observed $\ensuremath{\rho}(300$ K) values are larger than calculated from this model. A significant $T$ dependence of the Debye temperature determined from the ${C}_{\mathrm{p}}(T)$ data was observed for each composition. No clear evidence for bulk superconductivity or any other long-range phase transition was found for any of the LaNi${}_{2}$(Ge${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$P${}_{x}$)${}_{2}$ compositions studied.
Event-driven framework for configurable runtime system observability for SOC designs

The deep integration of software and hardware components within complex system-on-chip (SOC) designs prevents the use of traditional analysis and debug methods to observe the internal state of these components. This situation is further exacerbated for in-situ debugging, verification, and certification efforts in which physical access to traditional debug and trace interfaces is unavailable, infeasible, or cost prohibitive. In this paper, we present an overview of an event-driven system-level observation framework that provides low-overhead methods for observing and analyzing designer specified hardware and software events at runtime.
Precision vs. error in JPEG compression

By mapping computations directly onto hardware, reconfigurable machines promise a tremendous speed-up over traditional computers. However, executing floating-point operations directly in hardware is a waste of resources. Variable precision fixed-point arithmetic operations can save gates and reduce clock cycle times. This paper investigates the relation between precision and error for image compression/decompression. More precisely, this paper investigates the relationship between error and bit-precision for the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and JPEG. The present work is part of the Cameron project at the Computer Science Department of Colorado State University. This project is roughly divided in three areas: an C-like parallel language called SA-C that is targeted for image processing on reconfigurable computers, an implementation of the VSIP library for image processing in SA-C, and an optimizing compiler for SA-C that targets FPGAs.
Data transfer in networks with transceivers

The scheduling of data transfers in networks, where the schedule does not permit interruption and each communication module can be used as a transmitter and as a receiver (i.e., as a transceiver) was studied by Coffman et al. The same problem when interruption in the schedule is permitted and the transmitting and receiving modules are distinct was studied by Choi and Hakimi among others. Hajek and Sasaki studied another interesting variation of the problem where interruption is permitted but each communication module is a transmitter and a receiver. This paper presents certain generalizations and improvements of Hajek and Sasaki's results.
A frequency response compensation technique for cold wires and its application to a heat flux probe

Abstract The experimental study of θ′, uθ, vθ, and wθ in heated turbulent boundary layers usually involves the use of cold wires for measuring temperature fluctuations. The frequency response of practical cold-wire designs can suffer due to wire thermal inertia and, more important, due to end conduction to the support prongs. An analytical technique was developed to spectrally compensate for both of these effects. Application of the technique to measurement in a slightly heated turbulent boundary revealed that end-conduction effects were important in θ′ measurements as well as vθ and uθ measurements and that compensated results agreed with data from several previous studies in which end conduction should have been negligible. The successful application of the compensation method demonstrates that more practical heat flux probes, using cold wires with larger diameters and smaller aspect ratios than are usually recommended, can be used for turbulent heat flux studies. Under certain conditions, a greatly simplified method of accounting for end-conduction effects is possible, which can generate results as accurate as the detailed spectral technique.
Keratinases: hydrolysis of keratinous substrates by three enzymes of Trichophyton mentagrophytes.

Drei Keratinasen die von einem zoophilen Dermatophyten,Trichophyton mentagrophytes, isoliert wurden, haben eine ausgepragtere hydrolytische Wirkung auf Keratine tierischen Ursprungs als solche menschlicher Herkunft.
Effect of magnetic fields on reaction time performance.

IN previous investigations1,2 we indicated some significant empirical relationships between selected geophysical parameters and gross measures of human behaviour. The present investigation attempts to demonstrate the effects of artificially produced magnetic fields on a standard, relatively uncomplicated, psychomotor task, simple reaction time.
High resolution DNS of shear-convective turbulence and its implications to second-order parameterizations

Shear-convective turbulence is studied using a high resolution 3D direct numerical simulation (DNS). Flow configuration consisting of a modeled jet capping a thermally unstable layer is simulated and the results are compared with the reference situation where only the convective layer is present. Quasi-equilibrium turbulent datasets, in which the turbulent energy budgets are nearly balanced, are obtained. A ‘mechanical’ barrier is identified near the jet centerline in the shear-convective case. Intense and elongated vorticity regions are created in a narrow layer above the barrier in a way similar to the shear-sheltering effect. Vertical profiles of turbulence statistics and budgets are presented. We have unambiguously identified layers of counter-gradient momentum and heat fluxes which occur near regions of penetrative convection. Using quasi-equilibrium DNS datasets, we evaluate the performance of some popular second-order closure models of turbulence. The models satisfactorily predict the triple moments and dissipation, except in the counter-gradient region. The models, however, fail to predict the pressure correlation terms.
Commercial scale irradiation for insect disinfestation preserves peach quality

Abstract Irradiation is approved as a generic quarantine treatment by the US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Due to the effectiveness of irradiation in controlling insects on commodities, there is a growing need to understand the effects of low dose irradiation on fruit quality. The goal of this study was to determine the sensitivity of peaches ( Prunus persica ) to irradiation, and secondly, to determine the effect of commercial scale treatment on shelf-life, overall quality and consumer liking. Six varieties of peaches were irradiated in small batches at 0.29, 0.49, 0.69 and 0.90 kGy to observe the sensitivity of peaches at different dose levels. Changes in quality were evaluated by 8 trained panelists using descriptive analysis. Sensory characteristics (color, smoothness, aroma, touch firmness, mouth firmness, graininess, overall flavor and off-flavor) were evaluated at 2–4 day intervals and untreated samples served as control. To simulate commercial treatment, peaches were irradiated in pallet quantities at a target dose level of 0.4 kGy. The average absorbed dose was 0.66 kGy with an average dose uniformity ratio of 1.57. Commercially treated peaches were evaluated by 40–80 untrained consumers for acceptability routinely throughout the shelf life. Titratable acidity, Brix, texture and weight loss were also monitored for both commercial and small scale irradiated peaches. There was no dose effect on TA, Brix and weight loss due to irradiation. Peaches irradiated at 0.69 and 0.90 kGy were darker in flesh color, more juicy and less firm as determined by the trained panel and analytical pressure tests. Commercial scale irradiation did not adversely affect shelf life but was seen to enhance ripening. This, however, was perceived as a positive change by consumers. Overall, consumers rated the acceptability of irradiated peaches higher than untreated peaches. Statistical analysis was performed using linear mixed models to find determinates of irradiation on peaches.
Brain barbital levels and anesthesia as influenced by physostigmine and epinephrine

Abstract The potentiating effect of physostigmine on barbital anesthesia has been attributed to a modification of the permeability of the blood-brain barrier as a result of cholinesterase inhibition. The rate of penetration of barbital into mouse brain and its possible alteration by pharmacological means were investigated. Individual brain barbital levels were determined by an improved analytical technique and correlated with alterations in the lag in onset of barbital anesthesia. Barbital with physostigmine produced signs of depression much sooner and much more intense than barbital alone. However, these signs could not be attributed to increased brain barbital concentrations because in animals receiving physostigmine brain barbital levels were not increased over the controls. The early ataxia, loss of righting reflex, produced by physostigmine could be prevented by pretreatment with atropine methyl nitrate without an alteration in brain barbital levels. Animals receiving barbital with epinephrine displayed immediate signs of depression and became anesthetized much sooner than controls. These animals had brain barbital concentrations above the control from 2 to 20 min. The epinephrine effect, however, cannot be attributed to increased brain barbital levels alone, because at 10 min the controls showed no signs of depression with the same brain barbital levels as the ‘enesthetized’ epinephrine-treated animals. There were no apparent differences in behavior of barbital plus norepinephrinetreated mice from that of controls although a small increase in brain barbital levels was noted. For the experimental conditions chosen it is concluded that: (1) Physostigmine does not alter the rate of penetration of barbital into the brain. The early loss in righting reflex produced by the combination of barbital and physostigmine is probably mediated peripherally. (2) Epinephrine contributes to a greatly increased rate of onset and intensity of ‘anesthesia’ by some mechanism(s) in addition to increasing the rate of entry of barbital into the brain.
Master analytic representations and unified representation theory of certain orthogonal and pseudo-orthogonal groups

The representation theory of the groupsSO(5),SO(4, 1),SO(6) andSO(5, 1) is studied using the method of Master Analytic Representations (MAR). It is shown that a single analytic expression for the matrix elements of the generators ofSO(n+1) andSO(n, 1) in anSO(n) basis yields all the unitary representations (forn=4,5); and that the compact and non-compact groups have essentially the same analytic representation. Once the MAR of a group is worked out, the search for the unitary irreducible representations is reduced to a purely arithmetic operation. The utmost care has been exercised to conduct the discussions at an elementary level: knowledge of simple angular momentum theory is the only prerequisite.
Superposition of dynamic mechanical properties in the glassy state

Glassy state beta transition temperatures in cured epoxy resins, showing diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A /DGEBA/ dependence
Tandem Cationic aza-Cope Rearrangement−Mannich Cyclization Approach to the Core Structure of FR901483 via a Bridgehead Iminium Ion

[reaction in text] An approach to the potent immunosuppressant FR901483 is described. This route utilizes a tandem cationic aza-Cope rearrangement-Mannich cyclization to generate the core structure of this compound. In addition, this is the first demonstration of this tandem reaction passing through a bridgehead iminium ion.
Bis‐thallium(I) porphyrin complexes

Thallium(I) complexes of 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrin and 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin are shown to have two thallium(I) ions per porphyrin ligand. Syntheses, spectroscopic characteristics (UV-vis, MS, NMR), chemistry, and an X-ray crystal structure of bis-thallium(I) porphyrins are presented.
Fourier transform-based deconvolution techniques for resolution of overlapping bands in x-ray photoelectron and fourier-transform infrared spectra of bisphenol-a-polycarbonate/dimethyl siloxane block copolymers

A series of bisphenol-A-polycarbonate/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (BPAC/DMS) block copolymers is studied by x-ray photoelectron (x.p.s.) and Fourier-transform infrared (F.t.i.r.) spectroscopies. Previous quantitative results, obtained without resolution enhancement, provided calibration of the signal-processing techniques used. A Van Cittert technique for x.p.s. is evaluated for the deconvolution of the carbon 1s core photoelectron spectrum, and self-deconvolution by Fourier methods is evaluated for the overlapping Si-CH3 and aromatic C—O stretch bands at 1261 and 1228 cm-1, respectively, in the i.r. spectrum. These features can be utilized in quantitative analysis of the surface and bulk of the BPAC/DMS copolymers. The ability of deconvolution techniques to narrow the bands artificially so as to resolve complex spectral envelopes, while retaining the quantitative data is discussed. The studies illustrate the ability of modern signal processing techniques to extract exact complex data from spectroscopic results, and allow quantitative evaluation without standards for complex polymer systems.
Commercial Assays Available for Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and Their Use in Diagnosing Growth Hormone Deficiency

Radioimmunoassays of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) are commonly used for screening adults and children for growth hormone (GH) deficiency or excess. There are, however, many problems with such
Dynamic modelling of multistage feedback-control manufacturing systems

The manufacturing systems operating within today's global enterprises are invariably dynamic and complicated. To stay competitive in this 21st century global industrialisation, companies must possess a new control strategy to design manufacturing systems to rapidly respond to demand changes as well as to launch new products efficiently. In this paper, a novel method to model multistage feedback control manufacturing systems is demonstrated using the Block Diagram (BD) representation and Transfer Functions (TFs) of control theory. The task of translating causal loop diagrams and stock-and-flow diagrams from system dynamics into BD and TF mathematical descriptions will be discussed in detail. Transient-response system parameters such as undamped natural frequency and damping ratio are introduced to determine other key dynamic system characteristics of multistage feedback-control manufacturing systems.
Localization of α1B-adrenergic receptor in female rat brain regions involved in stress and neuroendocrine function

Abstract Activation of α1-adrenergic receptors has been linked to the control of blood pressure, neuroendocrine secretion, reproductive behavior and mood. The present study describes the distribution of α1B-adrenergic receptor immunoreactivity in female rat brain regions involved in stress and neuroendocrine function. The pattern of immunolabeling seen resembles that obtained in previous in situ hybridization studies. Several hypothalamic areas that control pituitary function showed intense fiber and/or cell immunolabeling, including the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, the supraoptic nucleus, and the median eminence. Some regions such as the arcuate nucleus, the median eminence, and dorsal hypothalamus exhibit intense labeling of axonal varicosities, while other regions exhibit only perikarya immunolabeling. α1B-adrenergic receptor immunoreactivity was also observed in large pyramidal neurons of layer V of the cerebral cortex, the frontal cortex showing a particularly strong immunoreactivity. Virtually all thalamic regions were labeled, especially the lateral and ventral areas. In addition, labeled cells were present in hippocampus, the medial septum, the horizontal and vertical limbs of the diagonal band of Broca, and the caudate putamen. Finally, some midbrain and hindbrain regions important for motor function were immunoreactive. Because ligands specific for α1-adrenergic receptor subtypes are not available, the present immunocytochemical study not only addresses the subcellular and regional distribution of α1B-adrenergic receptors but may also provide clues about receptor subtype-specific function.
Growth of carbon nanotubes by open-air laser-induced chemical vapor deposition

Abstract Carbon nanotubes have remarkable mechanical, electronic and electrochemical properties, but the full potential for application will be realized only if the growth of high quantity and quality carbon nanotubes can be optimized and well controlled. In this study, carbon nanotubes have been successfully grown on fused quartz rods by a novel open-air laser-induced chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) technique with gold palladium nanoparticles as catalyst material. In this LCVD technique, a curtain of inert nitrogen gas was used to shield the deposition zone from the surrounding environment and allows the growth of the nanotubes to occur under open-air conditions. A 35-W continuous CO 2 laser was used as a heat source to induce a local temperature rise on the substrate surface covered with metal nanoparticles, subsequently resulting in deposition of multi-wall carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes deposited in this study are derived from a precursor mixture that consists of propane and hydrogen, and are in tangled form with different diameters (10–250 nm) and structures. Raman spectroscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy are used to investigate the microstructure and composition of the carbon nanotubes.
Bonding of clear plastic orthodontic brackets using an ultraviolet-sensitive adhesive.

Abstract Numerous investigators have been involved in attempts to develop effective materials and methods for attaching orthodontic brackets directly to tooth surfaces to eliminate some of the present clinical disadvantages and problems related to the use of metal orthodontic bands. The objectives of the present study were to (1) test the usefulness of an ultraviolet-sensitive adhesive “bracketing” system under active orthodontic conditions, (2) determine both tensile and shear strength of the system, and (3) examine fracture patterns and locations at the various interfaces by means of a scanning electron microscope. Clear polycarbonate Begg-type and acrylic edgewise orthodontic brackets were bonded to preconditioned tooth surfaces, using an ultraviolet-sensitive adhesive. Clinical, mechanical, and scanning electron microscope studies were carried out at the State University of New York at Buffalo and the University of Western Ontario, Canada. It was found that the ultraviolet bonding system was clinically effective and the esthetics of the bonded brackets were excellent. The bracket failure rate for all teeth was 13.1 per cent (8/61), and the brackets remaining have been retained from 3 to 10 months under orthodontic conditions. The mean shear strength was found to be 821 p.s.i. (57.7 Kg. per square centimeter), and the mean tensile strength was found to be 508 p.s.i. (35.8 Kg. per square centimeter); both test results followed 30 days' immersion in water. The bracket-adhesive interface and the bracket itself were found to be the weakest links in the bonding system. The scanning electron microscopic observations revealed that there was good wetting at the adhesive-tooth interface; however, there was considerably less roughening of the bracket bases, possibly accounting in part for failure at the adhesive-bracket interface. It was concluded that the ultraviolet bonding system has clinical orthodontic potential because of (1) improved esthetic qualities, (2) adequate time for bracket placement but only 20 seconds for polymerization, (3) no time delay in applying orthodontic forces to the brackets, and (4) no necessity for finishing procedures.
Controlled fabrication of polymer microgels by polymer-analogous gelation in droplet microfluidics

We fabricate thermo-responsive polymer microgels by combining microfluidic pre-gel emulsification with polymer-analogous gelation. This separates the microgel formation from the polymer synthesis; it combines highly controlled microfluidic templating with the great flexibility of preparative polymer chemistry, allowing each to be controlled independently. We produce monodisperse pre-gel droplets from semidilute solutions of photocrosslinkable poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) precursors. The size and morphology of these droplets can be precisely controlled by the microfluidic emulsification, provided the molecular weight of the precursor is limited. Using polymer-analogous gelation rather than monomer chain-growth gelation yields gels with a higher efficiency of crosslinking and a greater homogeneity on nano- and micrometre scales, as determined by oscillatory shear rheology, static light scattering, and optical microscopy. We also demonstrate the applicability of our method to fabricate microgel particles with well-defined concentrations of functional sites.
Home Range and Habitat of Western Red-Backed Voles in the Oregon Cascades

Western red-backed voles are endemic to western Oregon and northern California and represent a large proportion of the rodent community in mature Douglas-fir forests. Despite their dominance in these forests, little is known about their selection of home ranges. We radiotracked 23 western red-backed voles in 3 mature, coniferous forest stands in the southern Oregon Cascades during 1994 and 1995 and estimated home range size, movements, and habitat associations. Males had larger home ranges than females and males moved farther each evening than females. Females were most active during 2 periods: shortly after dusk and before dawn. Males were active all night. Core areas for home ranges of females were characterized by deep organic soil layers and large volumes of decayed logs. Results underscore the importance of organic matter and coarse woody debris on the forest floor for maintaining populations of western-red-backed voles.
The emerging European influence on international metering type testing

For electricity meters, and in particular, watt-hour only meters, the European directive on measuring instruments (or ldquoMIDrdquo) represents a different spin on setting the performance and safety requirements for those meters. Another European group, the OIML (international organization for legal metrology) has published one document (D11) discussing recommendations for legislation to meet the MID. An OIML technical committee is drafting the recommendation (IR46) that would give regulatory bodies an easily-adoptable set of requirements and tests to meet the needs of the MID. This paper examines the imminent European legislation for electricity meters (measuring instruments), with a comparison of the stated goals versus those pursued in the North American market via the ANSI C12 performance standards. Included are the MID, the OIML publications D11 and IR46, the mutual acceptance agreement (or MAA) and what all of those mean for manufacturers producing typical ANSI C12 meters.
Nutritional and Antinutritional Properties of the Underexploited Wild Legume Rhynchosia bracteata Benth

The nutritional composition and antinutritional factors of Rhynchosia bracteata Benth. underexploited tribal pulses locally known as Advi Chekkudu in Telugu, used as food by local tribals in the Rollapenta forest, Kurnool district, Nallamalais of Andhra Pradesh. The mature seed samples were analysed for proximate composition, total (true) seed protein fractions, amino acid composition, fatty acids profile, mineral and antinutritional factors. The investigated seed samples contained higher amount of crude protein, crude fat, ash and nitrogen free extractives constitute 20.18, 6.16, 6.12 and 61.31 % respectively. The calorific value of the seed weight 100 g dry seed material was 366.86 K.cal. The essential amino acids, leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine, were present in relatively large quantities. The fatty acid profiles revealed that the seed lipids contained higher concentrations of palmitic and linoleic acids. The seeds are rich in magnesium, iron potassium and phosphorous. Antinutritional factors such as total free phenols, (3.76 %) tannins (0.29%), L -DOPA (0.51%), hydrogen cyanide (0.066%) and phytic acid (0.18%) are present in variable quantities. This paper presents the chemical composition and nutritional potential of Rhynchosia bracteata seeds with regard to its suitability as a regular component in human diet. Key words. Rhynchosia bracteata ; Proximate composition; Amino acids; Antinutritional factors; Fatty acids; Protein fractions; Hemagglutinating activity DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.4488 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2) , 141-146, 2011
Double jeopardy in the echocardiography laboratory: coexistence of two distinct cardiomyopathies?

Background In our Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Center, we identified 6 patients each with what appeared to be the occurrence of 2 rare diseases that prompted investigation for a common derivative. Methods We reviewed our database, searching for all patients with a diagnosis of HCM, amyloid heart disease and left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC). Results Using transthoracic echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging, we identified 6 patients with apical hypertrabeculations and myocardium suggestive of LVNC; 4 of the patients had HCM and 2 of the patients had cardiac amyloidosis. Conclusions The significance of these possible concomitant cardiomyopathies is not presently well understood. We did not identify a common derivative when looking for a genetic link, but it is most likely hidden in the genetic substrate, yet to be identified.
Designing to the code

While product safety standards alone can be used for testing products, and understanding of the various national electrical codes can help improve the acceptance of a product in a number of countries. By studying the electrical codes, we can learn the origins and rationales behind many of the clauses in national product standards. The electrical codes will also give us insight into the national deviations for many international standards. Issues such as cord types, cord sizes, overcurrent protection and motor protection are often derived from electrical codes, and understanding these codes will help improve the chances of a product passing the required tests for different countries and regions.