cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changing Perspectives on Alternative Schooling for Children and Adolescents With Challenging Behavior

There is increasing evidence that a mismatch exists between the structure of the schools and the cultural, social, and linguistic background of some segments of the school-aged population. This mismatch is often exemplified in the academic and behavioral expectations and performance of some students. In this article, the authors discuss the reciprocal nature and effect that learning and behavioral problems have on students. Next, the authors highlight selected programs that have impacted the course of intervention programs for children and youth. Characteristics that distinguish current alternative programs for students and variables that appear essential to qualify programming are presented. Last, the authors encourage more communication and interaction between researchers and practitioners concerning critical issues related to alternative schooling.
Retrograde approach to coronary chronic total occlusion via an occluded saphenous bypass graft: a case report.

Key Clinical Message Retrograde coronary intervention of chronic total coronary occlusion remains challenging. We describe a successful retrograde intervention of chronically occluded right coronary artery ostium via an occluded vein graft. An occluded saphenous vein graft can be a useful means to access the distal coronary bed, enabling delivery of retrograde percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) equipment.
High resolution Dopplerimetry of correlated angular and quantum state-resolved CO2 scattering dynamics at the gas–liquid interface

Full three dimensional (3D) translational distributions for quantum state-resolved scattering dynamics at the gas–liquid interface are presented for experimental and theoretical studies of CO2 + perfluorinated surfaces. Experimentally, high resolution absorption profiles are measured as a function of incident (θinc) and scattering (θscat) angles for CO2 that has been scattered from a 300 K perfluorinated polyether surface (PFPE) with an incident energy of Einc = 10.6(8) kcal mol−1. Line shape analysis of the absorption profiles reveals non-equilibrium dynamics that are characterized by trapping–desorption (TD) and impulsive scattering (IS) components, with each channel simply characterized by an effective “temperature” that compares very well with previous results from rotational state analysis [Perkins and Nesbitt, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2008, 112, 9324]. From a theoretical perspective, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of CO2 + fluorinated self-assembled monolayer surface (F-SAMs) yield translational probability distributions that are also compared with experimental results. Trajectories are parsed by θscat and J, with the results rigorously corrected by flux-to-density transformation and providing comparisons in near quantitative agreement with experiment. 3D flux and velocity distributions obtained from MD simulations are also presented to illustrate the role of in- and out-of-plane scattering.
A general cratering-history model and its implications for the lunar highlands

Through analysis of a large number of Monte Carlo and Markov Chain simulations, a model for determining crater accumulation and crater obliteration histories has been derived. The model generally applies to populations of large craters. It predicts that the following relationships hold for subequilibrium-density crater populations: (1) the more negative the production function's exponent, alpha (N near D super alpha) the lower the crater density at which the population size-frequency distribution will significantly depart from its production function; (2) the more negative the production function's exponent, the less obliteration a crater population will sustain after a set number of impacts. Application of the model to the lunar highlands implies (1) the production function for the large craters is highly structured, resembling the observed size-frequency distribution and not the function N near D to the -2; (2) even the densely cratered highlands have not attained crater saturation or equilibrium. Direct simulations of the highlands' crater population supports the model's implications.
The Added Value of Multidisciplinary Care for Patients with Pancreatic Cancer

Department of Surgical Oncology, Unit 444, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
Peer mentoring and collaboration in the clinical setting: a case study in dental hygiene

Evaluation of professional conversational opportunities experienced by pre‐profession majors in Dental Hygiene indicates significant reflective development through dialogue and participation in the experienced curriculum. A case study was conducted to evaluate the impact of a Peer Coaching strategy on pre‐professional students’ dispositional and technical preparation. Utilizing an elicitation methodology, researchers identified benefits to peer focused collaborative pedagogy. The purpose of this qualitative study was to uncover whether or not collaborative work in practicum would have value for the development of quality workplace habits. The study explored the impact of peer coaching on pre‐professionals’ self‐efficacy and their professional dispositions following practicum experience.
Local, nano- and micro-structures of mixed metal oxide aerogels for catalyst applications

Abstract Sol-gel synthesis and processing have the potential to create catalytic sites atomically isolated in the aerogel framework. V or Cu were incorporated during the solution chemistry into silica aerogels. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure and X-ray absorption near edge structure were employed to determine that copper is present as an oxide and probably isolated in the silica matrix, while vanadium is present as V 2 O 4 and V 2 O 5 . High resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction were used to elucidate the characteristics of the aerogel structure itself, including the diameter of the chains, as well as to look for phase separation and crystallinity of the active metal oxide. It was found that the metals were highly dispersed in the silica aerogel, even after oxidation and reaction treatments.
The Importance of Sputum Cytology in the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer : A Cost-effectiveness Analysis

Study objective To assess the potential health and cost effects of initial testing with sputum cytology to diagnose lung cancer. Design Cost-effectiveness analysis. Data sources Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program; cost data from Northern California Kaiser Permanente Hospitals and Universities of Stanford and Iowa; National Center for Health Statistics; and a MEDLINE search. Interventions The use of sputum cytologies preceding other tests (ie, fine-needle aspiration, bronchoscopy, thoracoscopy) in patients with suspected lung cancer. Main outcome measures Mortality associated with testing and initial surgical treatment (eg, performance of thoracoscopy to remove a local-stage, centrally located cancer), cost of testing and initial treatment, life expectancy, lifetime cost of medical care, and cost-effectiveness. Results In central lesions, sputum cytology as the first test was the dominant strategy because it both lowers medical-care costs ($2,516 per patient) and lowers the mortality risk (19 deaths in 100,000 patients) of the evaluation without adversely affecting long-term survival. In peripheral lesions, sputum cytology costs less then $25,000 per year of life saved if the pretest probability of cancer exceeds 50%. The estimated annual savings of adopting sputum cytology as the first test for diagnosing lung cancer in the United States is at least $30 million. Conclusions Experience in regional centers indicates that sputum cytologic testing is infrequently ordered before implementing invasive diagnostic techniques, even in patients with central lung masses. The study findings suggest that sputum cytology as the first test in suspected lung cancer is likely to be cost saving without adversely affecting patient outcomes.
New methods applied to the analysis and treatment of ovarian cancer.

Abstract The development of rigorous staging methods, appreciation of new knowledge concerning ovarian cancer dissemination, and administration of new treatment techniques have been applied to ovarian cancer. The method of staging consists of peritoneal cytology, total abdominal hysterectomy-bilateral salpingo oophorectomy (TAH-BSO), omentectomy, nodal biopsy, diaphragmatic inspection and is coupled with maximal surgical resection. An additional examination being evaluated for usefulness in future staging is intraperitoneal 99 Tc sulfur colloid scans. Nineteen patients have entered the pilot studies. Sixteen patients (5 Stage 2, 10 Stage 3 micrometastatic, and 1 Stage 4) have been treated with colloidal 32 P, i.p. followed 2 weeks later by split abdominal irradiation (200 rad fractions pelvis-2 hr rest-150 rad upper abdomen) to a total abdominal dose of 3000 rad with a pelvic cone down to 4000 rad. Five of these patients received Phenylalanine mustard (l-PAM) (7 mg/m 2 ) maintenance therapy. The 3 year actuarial survival was 78% and the 3 year disease free actuarial survival 68%. Seven patients were treated with intraperitoneal tumor antisera and 47 remain in complete remission as of this writing. The specificity of the antiserum has been demonstrated by immunoelectrophoresis in 44 patients, and by live cell fluorescence in 1 patient. Rabbit IgG levels revealed significant increasing titers in 46 patients following i.p. antiovarian antiserum. Radiolabeled IgG derived from the antiserum demonstrated tumor localization and correlation with conventional radiography and computerized axial tomography (CAT) scans in 2 patients studied to date. Biomarker analysis reveals that free secretory protein 66, alpha globulin 56, and CEA(carcinoembryonic antigen) 36 were elevated in the 6 patients studied. Two patients whose disease progressed demonstrated elevated levels of all three biomarkers. There has been no significant acute toxicity nor morbidity with the use of antiserum nor with the integration of colloidal isotopic therapy and external irradiation.
The promise of telemedicine

Abstract We have developed an extraordinary capability to capture and transmit digital ocular imaging, enabling remote interpretation of every aspect of the eye. The issues regarding telemedicine were primarily technical and procedural when this journal first reviewed the topic in 1999. Fourteen years later, telemedicine presents strikingly different challenges—legal, ethical, and professional. Some “tele-ophthalmology” applications have now become a reliable part of daily practice. Although it offers improved health care at lower cost to more people, telemedicine could also radically transform the traditional doctor–patient interaction.
Can administrative data be used to compare postoperative complication rates across hospitals

Background. Several quality assessment systems use administrative data to identify postoperative complications, with uncertain validity.Objectives. To determine how accurately postoperative complications are reported in administrative data, whether accuracy varies systematically across hospitals, an
Examining the Mediating Role of Experience Quality in a Model of Tourist Experiences

Abstract Although research has shown that performance quality leads to experience quality, the mediating role of experience quality in the effect of performance quality on overall satisfaction and revisit intentions has not been fully investigated. In this paper, satisfaction is conceived within the context of a tourism experience that is cumulative or sequential in nature. Four major stages of this experience are identified: performance quality, experience quality, overall satisfaction, and revisit intentions. Using data from a tourist survey in Northeast Ohio, the mediating role of experience quality is examined. Results indicate that tourist experience is cumulative in the sense that performance quality leads to experience quality, which in turn contributes to satisfaction and revisit intentions. In addition, experience quality fully mediates the relationship between performance quality and overall satisfaction. Thus, promoters should particularly emphasize the experience quality dimensions, which bene...
Towards a functional model of website evaluation: a case study of casual dining restaurants

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose and apply a conceptual model that can be used to evaluate the functional performance of hospitality and tourism websites. This model will evaluate the websites from the perspective of information provision, communication, transactions, relationships, and technological merit, and how that applies to overall website functionality.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses a case study methodology in order to evaluate a random sample of the top 400 casual dining restaurant chains of 2007. The casual dining restaurant segment is chosen because of its importance in the overall foodservice industry, as well as its predominant use of websites.Findings – Restaurant websites appear to be fairly strong in providing information in a technologically savvy environment. The areas that are found to be lower in functional efficiency are communication, relationship, and transaction. The three lowest‐rated individual attributes of the websites studied in the current resea...
Protozoa in the diets of Neocalanus spp. in the oceanic subarctic Pacific Ocean

Copepod species of the genus Neocalanus dominate the zooplankton biomass of the oceanic subarctic Pacific Ocean. Neocalanus spp. populations in the subarctic Pacific environment are successful: they feed, accumulate lipid, and persist from year to year. Prior experimental observations derived from a variety of methods indicated that, although their functional morphology is such that they clear the small phytoplankton cells characteristic of the oceanic subarctic Pacific environment efficiently, Neocalanus spp. do not consume sufficient phytoplankton to meet even basic metabolic requirements in that environment. Hence, their success in the subarctic Pacific must depend on their ability to obtain nutrition from other sources. As part of the SUPER (SUbarctic Pacific Ecosystem Research) program, experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that N. plumchrus and N. cristatus obtain a significant portion of their nutrition from planktonic Protozoa. The experiments demonstrate that Protozoa alone do not provide sufficient nutrition for N. cristatus to meet its basic metabolic needs. Protozoa constitute the major dietary component of N. plumchrus however, in agreement with the predictions of Frost's (1987) model of the subarctic Pacific ecosystem. At a minimum this diet permits N. plumchrus to meet basic metabolic requirements. Copepod grazing activities appear to be sufficient to control protozoan stocks in the oceanic subarctic Pacific during late spring and early summer when Neocalanus spp. inhabit the upper water column.
Oral Specific Desensitization in Food-Allergic Children

The possibility of obtaining oral desensitization in patients with food allergy is still a matter of debate. We decided to evaluate the safety and efficacy of standardized protocols for oral desensitization with the most common food allergens. Forty-two children (ages up to 16 years) diagnosed as affected by food allergy (on the basis of clinical history, skin prick tests, measurement of specific IgE, and double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge) underwent a sublingual-oral desensitizing treatment according to new standardized protocols. The control group consisted of 10 patients who followed an elimination diet. The treatment was successfully completed by 85.7% of the patients. Specific IgE showed a significant decrease, while specific IgG4 showed a significant increase, in all treated patients. The immunological modifications observed in our patients lead us to hypothesize that oral tolerance may be mediated by the same mechanisms as those involved in traditional desensitizing treatments for respiratory and insect sting allergy.
Lattice crossover and mixed valency in the LaCo1−xRhxO3 solid solution

The full LaCo{sub 1-x}Rh{sub x}O{sub 3} solid solution was investigated utilizing structural, electrical transport, magnetic, and thermal conductivity characterization. Strong evidence for at least some conversion of Rh{sup 3+}/Co{sup 3+} to Rh{sup 4+}/Co{sup 2+} is found in both structural and electrical transport data. The crystal structure is that of a rhombohedrally distorted perovskite over the range 0.0{<=}x{<=}0.1. The common orthorhombic distortion of the perovskite structure is found over the range 0.2{<=}x{<=}1.0. A crossover of all three orthorhombic cell edges occurs at x=0.5 giving the appearance of a cubic structure, which actually remains orthorhombic. The octahedra in the orthorhombic structure must be distorted for x values less than 0.5, and the observed distortion suggests orbital ordering for Co{sup 2+}. Electrical resistivity measurements as a function of temperature show semiconducting-like regions for all compositions. There is a steady increase in electrical resistivity as the Rh content increases. Large positive thermopower values are generally obtained above 475 K. With increasing Rh substitution there is a decrease in thermal conductivity, which slowly rises with increasing temperature due to increased electrical conductivity. The electronic part of the thermal conductivity is suppressed significantly upon Rh substitution. A thermoelectric figure-of-merit (ZT) of about 0.075 has been achievedmore » for LaCo{sub 0.5}Rh{sub 0.5}O{sub 3} at 775 K, and is expected to reach 0.15 at 1000 K. - Graphical abstract: A complete solid solution is formed between LaCoO{sub 3} and LaRhO{sub 3}. The effect of Rh substitution for Co on the lattice crossover, mixed valency and physical properties is described.« less
Winners of Globalization: The Rich and The Chinese Middle Class. Losers: The American Middle Class

The double whammy of job-displacing technological advance and wage-deflating globalization has demoted the American middle class, even as the rich get richer from access to global markets and from their slice of profits from managing massive global financial flows. The specter of growing inequality is haunting free-market capitalism as never before since the early days of the Industrial Revolution. What is happening? What is to be done? Top economists take a hard look at a hard reality.
Turbulent structure measurements in mercury pipe flow

Abstract Turbulent structure measurements made in fully-developed mercury (Pr = 0.024) pipe flow at Re = 100000 in isothermal and in nonisothermal flow subject to a constant wall heat flux of 23.3 kW m−2 are reported. An especially-built three-sensor hot-film probe was used to simultaneously measure the axial and radial velocity fluctuations and temperature fluctuations. Auto- and cross-spectral densities were measured to investigate differences in heat and momentum transport in low-Prandtl number flows. Microscales were calculated. The microscale ratio of temperature to that of velocity in the axial and radial directions was found to increase significantly near the wall whereas the lateral ratio tended to decrease slightly. In all cases the temperature microscale was larger than the corresponding velocity scale. The microscale results are related to the k-e level of turbulence modeling.
Electromagnetic scattering calculations for terahertz sensing

This paper presents predictions of classical electromagnetic scattering from granular material illuminated by a terahertz (THz) source. Random media models are created to represent the explosive grains, air voids and filler material commonly found in explosive devices. These constituents can cause significant volume scattering that may alter or obscure the chemical response of the explosive, thus impacting THz detection of explosives. Furthermore, the air-explosive interface may have significant roughness, and scattering from this interface may be a dominant factor - particularly in reflection spectroscopy. The volume scattering is calculated using the Quasi-Crystalline Approximation (QCA) and a Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) calculation; the FDTD method is also used to estimate the rough surface scattering. Results from these calculations are provided for mixtures that are representative of common classes of explosives.
The Role of Drosophila ninaG Oxidoreductase in Visual Pigment Chromophore Biogenesis

We previously reported (Sarfare, S., Ahmad, S. T., Joyce, M. V., Boggess, B., and O'Tousa, J. E. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280, 11895–11901) that the Drosophila ninaG gene encodes an oxidoreductase involved in the biosynthesis of the (3S)-3-hydroxyretinal serving as chromophore for Rh1 rhodopsin and that ninaG mutant flies expressing Rh4 as the major opsin accumulate large amounts of a different retinoid. Here, we show that this unknown retinoid is 11-cis-3-hydroxyretinol. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array UV-visible absorbance detector and mass spectrometer revealed a major product eluting at a retention time, tr, of 3.5 min with a λmax of ∼324 nm and with a base peak in the mass spectrum at m/z 285. These observations are identical with those of the 3-hydroxyretinol standard. The base peak in the electrospray ionization mass spectrum arises from the loss of a water molecule from the protonated molecule at m/z 303 because of fragmentation in the ion source. These results suggest that 11-cis-3-hydroxyretinol is an intermediate required for chromophore biogenesis in Drosophila. We further show that ninaG mutants fed on retinal as the sole source of vitamin A are able to synthesize 3-hydroxyretinoids. Thus, the NinaG oxidoreductase is not responsible for the initial hydroxylation of the retinal ring but rather acts in a subsequent step in chromophore production. These data are used to review chromophore biosynthesis and propose that NinaG acts in the conversion of (3R)-3-hydroxyretinol to the 3S enantiomer.
Differential effects of IL-21 and IL-15 on perforin expression, lysosomal degranulation, and proliferation in CD8 T cells of patients with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV).

An urgent need exists to devise strategies to augment antiviral immune responses in patients with HIV who are virologically well controlled and immunologically stable on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The objective of this study was to compare the immunomodulatory effects of the cytokines interleukin (IL)–21 with IL-15 on CD8 T cells in patients with HIV RNA of less than 50 copies/mL and CD4 counts greater than 200 cells/mm.3 Patient CD8 T cells displayed skewed maturation and decreased perforin expression compared with healthy controls. Culture of freshly isolated patient peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for 5 hours to 5 days with IL-21 resulted in up-regulation of perforin in CD8 T cells, including memory and effector subsets and virus-specific T cells. IL-21 did not induce T-cell activation or proliferation, nor did it augment T-cell receptor (TCR)–induced degranulation. Treatment of patient PBMCs with IL-15 resulted in induction of perforin in association with lymphocyte proliferation and augmentation of TCR-induced degranulation. Patient CD8 T cells were more responsive to cytokine effects than the cells of healthy volunteers. We conclude that CD8 T cells of patients with HIV can be modulated by IL-21 to increase perforin expression without undergoing overt cellular activation. IL-21 could potentially be useful for its perforin-enhancing properties in anti-HIV immunotherapy.
Analysis of voltage signals from superconducting accelerator magnets

We present two techniques used in the analysis of voltage tap data collected during recent tests of superconducting magnets developed by the Superconducting Magnet Program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The first technique was used on a quadrupole to provide information about quench origins that could not be obtained using the time-of-flight method. The second technique illustrates the use of data from transient flux imbalances occurring during magnet ramping to diagnose changes in the current-temperature margin of a superconducting cable. In both cases, the results of this analysis contributed to make improvements on subsequent magnets.
Some metallurgical aspects of chip formation in cutting Ti-6wt.%Al-4wt.%V alloy

Abstract Adiabatic shear banding is a phenomenon observed in machining titanium and some other metals and alloys as well. The shear localized chips are important in the chip disposal process, machined surface integrity and the automation of machining operations. It is therefore necessary to understand the mechanisms of metal cutting such as the formation of shear banding in the produced chips. In this paper, the behaviour of the chip formation is investigated using various metallurgical analysis techniques. It was found, in cutting Ti-6wt.%Al-4wt.%V titanium alloy, that some non-diffusional phase transformation took place in the shear localized chips. The process of chip formation with shear banding and the effects of cutting conditions on shear banding frequency were also studied. The results of these tests are presented in this paper.
PIXE analysis of Ca/Sr ratios in Nautilus shell

Abstract Analyses of septa from three specimens of Nautilus were performed by proton microprobe. The samples, representing internal partitions of shell formed sequentially as the animal developed from the embryonic stage, were analyzed for Ca and Sr in order to determine whether there were any metabolic differences as indicated by variations in the Ca/Sr ratio over the Nautilus lifespan.
Gang membership and substance use: guilt as a gendered causal pathway

Objectives We examine whether anticipated guilt for substance use is a gendered mechanism underlying the noted enhancement effect of gang membership on illegal drug use. We also demonstrate a method for making stronger causal inferences when assessing mediation in the presence of moderation and time-varying confounding.
EFFECTS OF HORMONES ON ERYTHROPOIESIS IN THE HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RAT

THE ANEMIA which occurs in rats after hypophysectomy has been studied by several groups of investigators (1-8). At first this anemia was attributed directly to the lack of some pituitary fraction or hormone (i, 3, 4). More re-cently, however, it has been interpreted as a reflection of metabolic changes resulting from a deficiency of several hypophyseal principles (5, 6, 8). Thus Meyer and his col-leagues (6) have shown that growth, thyrotropic, andrenotropic hormones, and thy-roxine evoked hemopoietic activity in hypophysectomizjed rats; and we (8) have re-ported that pregnant mare serum administered to hypophysectomijjed male animals and testosterone propionate to hypophysectomized rats of either sex can restore the normal red cell counts. Such results, while interesting, have complicated rather than clarified the prob-lem. As a step in the elucidation of the problem, it appeared necessary to extend our knowledge of the anemia of hypophysectomized animals.
Proteomic identification of proteins associated with the osmoregulatory transcription factor TonEBP/OREBP: functional effects of Hsp90 and PARP-1.

Hypertonicity (e.g., high NaCl) activates the transcription factor tonicity-responsive enhancer/osmotic response element-binding protein (TonEBP/OREBP), increasing transcription of protective genes...
An improved canny edge detection application for asphalt concrete

In this paper we introduce an improved Canny edge detection algorithm and an edge preservation filtering procedure for Asphalt Concrete (AC) applications. Datasets of AC images were randomly selected to test this algorithm. Computer simulations show that the improved algorithm can make up for the disadvantages of Canny algorithm, detect edges of AC images effectively, and is a less time-consuming process. Particularly, it has been shown that the presented algorithm can not only eliminate noises effectively but also protect unclear edges.
Fault-Tolerant Computing: An Introduction and a Perspective

FAULT-TOLERANT computing has been defined as "the ability to execute specified algorithms correctly regardless of hardware failures, total system flaws, or program fallacies" [1]. To the extent that a system falls short of meeting the requirements of this definition, it can be labeled a partially fault-tolerant system [2]. Thus the definition of fault-tolerant computing provides a standard against which to measure all systems having a degree of fault tolerance. In particular, one can classify systems according to: 1), the amount of manual intervention required in performing three basic functions, and 2) the class of faults covered by three basic functions involved in fault tolerance: system validation, fault diagnosis, and fault masking or recovery. The word "fault" here is used to inclusively describe "failures, flaws, and fallacies" in the original definition. The first function is involved in the design and production of the system hardware and software, while the last two functions are embodied in the system itself. Likewise, the first function is directed to handling faults arising from design and production errors, whereas the last two functions are aimed at faults due to random hardware failures.
Improvement of Object Serialization in Java Remote Method Invocation

In Java remote method invocation (RMI) objects are serialized before being sent over the wire. JDK object serialization causes overheads due to verbose data in the serialized object, dynamic type checking, and so on. JavaParty project (Haumacher and Philippsen, 1998) reduces RMI overheads by eliminating redundant data in the serialized object, using explicit marshaling, slim type encoding, etc. Both serialization mechanisms are designed for arbitrary objects. In this paper, we pursue a new mechanism, based on the merits of JavaParty serialization, to serialize homogeneous data structures, i.e. data structures of identical element types. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of JDK, JavaParty and our proposed serialization mechanism. Our serialization mechanism yields the best performance in terms of these data structures
Hard-decision quantization with adaptive reconstruction levels for High Efficiency Video Coding

In this paper, a quantization scheme based on hard-decision partition and adaptive reconstruction levels is proposed for High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), the video coding standard currently under development, which has demonstrated approximately 40% bit saving compared to H.264/AVC. For each video frame, the residual signal after motion estimation is transformed and then quantized by a hard-decision scalar quantizer. The reconstruction levels of the quantization outputs are adaptively computed based on the statistics of the residual signals of previously coded frames, and are selectively transmitted to the decoder. Compared with the rate-distortion optimized quantization (RDOQ) method in HEVC, which is attempting optimal among all encoder-side quantization techniques, the proposed scheme addresses the decoder-side reconstruction problem and achieves further rate reduction in the low-delay low-complexity setting while the encoding computational complexity is significantly reduced, and the decoder complexity remains almost the same.
When Art Is the Weapon: Culture and Resistance Confronting Violence in the Post-Uprisings Arab World

This articles explores the explosion of artistic production in the Arab world during the so-called Arab Spring. Focusing on music, poetry, theatre, and graffiti and related visual arts, I explore how these “do-it-yourself” scenes represent, at least potentially, a “return of the aura” to the production of culture at the edge of social and political transformation. At the same time, the struggle to retain a revolutionary grounding in the wake of successful counter-revolutionary moves highlights the essentially “religious” grounding of “committed” art at the intersection of intense creativity and conflict across the Arab world.
FOREIGN INVESTMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND TEMPORARY MIGRATION: THE CASE OF SHENZHEN SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE, CHINA*

This paper examines the flow of foreign investment and the rise of temporary migration in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, China, during 1979-1994. I show that the unprecedented growth of Shenzhen’s economy is closely linked to both foreign investment and growth of temporary migrants. I also explore factors that led to the large increase of foreign capital investment and highlight Shenzhen’s geographic proximity to Hong Kong and the availability of abundant migrant labor. Finally, based on the experience of temporary worker programs in Western Europe and the United States and the experience of Shenzhen, I examine several conditions which either facilitate or hinder the likelihood of integration of temporary migrants.
Emergence of higher-order transitivity across development: The importance of local task difficulty

This study investigates the effect of local task difficulty on children's tendency to combine pieces of information into larger wholes. The particular hypothesis is that the emergence of higher-order Gestalts is guided neither by innate capabilities nor by laborious thought processes. Instead, it is - at least partly - tied to the difficult of the local task, adaptively allowing the mind to reduce cognitive demand. The higher-order Gestalt used here was the transitive congruence among three feature relations. And the local task was to remember two of the feature relations from brief exposures, after having learned the third relation to criterion. The two to-be-learned relations violated transitivity with the third relation, such that a bias toward higher-order transitivity could be determined on the basis of children's performance mistakes. Importantly, the two to-be-learned relations either matched in direction (posing a low cognitive demand), or they had opposite directions (posting higher cognitive demand). Results show that 5- to 9-year-olds were affected by higher-order transitivity only in the locally difficult task, not when the local task was easy.
Nd Isotopes of Atoka Formation (Pennsylvanian) Turbidites Displaying Anomalous East‐Flowing Paleocurrents in the Frontal Ouachita Belt of Oklahoma: Implications for Regional Sediment Dispersal

Abstract Within the Pennsylvanian Atoka Formation of Oklahoma, strata in the frontal Ouachita belt deposited by east‐flowing turbidity currents yield the same eNd values as strata in more interior parts of the Ouachita orogen deposited by west‐flowing turbidity currents. The congruence of eNd values throughout the Atoka Formation is consistent with widespread Paleozoic dispersal and recycling of detritus from the evolving Appalachian orogen across the surface of the Laurentian craton and along its margins. Sandstone in the olistostromal Johns Valley Shale underlying the Atoka Formation yields a similar eNd value, reflective of reworking Appalachian‐derived sediment from the Paleozoic Oklahoma shelf succession.
Promotion of Syntactical Development and Oral Comprehension: Development and Initial Evaluation of a Small-Group Intervention.

This article reports on the development and preliminary implementation trials of a modular small-group intervention targeting syntax and vocabulary for children at high risk for reading comprehensi...
Cognitive Assessment: Clinical Applications of Self‐Statement Assessment

The author presents an overview of cognitive assessment, with an emphasis on self-statement assessment. The overview includes the historical underpinnings of cognitive assessment and their connection with cognitive science. The author reviews clinically useful methods of cognitive assessment and presents the States of Mind model to illustrate an interpretive framework for thought data and their relationship to psychopathology. Next, the author presents two case studies to illustrate the specific techniques of self-statement assessment and the clinical utility of that information in the counseling process. Finally, the author reviews some issues that may provoke thought concerning the future of cognitive assessment.
Are Patients With Thoracic Malignancies at Risk for Uncontrolled Symptoms

Analysis of call content and prior events leading to after-hours calls may predict hospital admissions in patients with lung cancer and can inform development of proactive interventions to improve quality of care and patient-centered outcomes.
A Self-Organizing Model for Logic Regression

Logic regression, as developed by Ruczinski, Kooperberg, and LeBlanc (Ruczinski, Kooperberg, and LeBlanc 2003) is a multivariable regression methodology that constructs logical relationships among Boolean predictor variables that best predicts a Boolean dependent variable. More specifically, they find a regression model of the form g(E/Y)= b0+b1L1+...+bmLm where both the coefficients b0,b1,...,bm and the logical expressions Lj, j=1,...,m are determined. The logical expressions are logical relationships among the predictor variables, such as "X1,X2 are true but not X5" , or "X3,X5,X7 are true but not X1 or X2 " . In their paper, the authors investigate the use a simulated annealing algorithm. In this paper, we use the Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) to approach the problem.
The Appellate Mediation Program of the Montana Supreme Court: Report and Recommendations Presented by the State Bar Dispute Resolution Committee and the University of Montana School of Law Meditation Clinic

Edited by Prof. Capulong and co-written with Mediation Clinic interns Sara Cadwell, Kate Kuykendall, Shane MacIntyre, and Dan Sweet, this report reviews the Montana Supreme Court program, and offers recommendations.
Electrodeposition for Hi-MEMS with Special Reference to Fabrication of a Magnetic Mini-Motor

Electrodeposition through photoresist masks is a critical, enabling technology for fabrication of the thick structures (of up to several hundred microns) involved in HI-MEMS. Process integration is an important issue in HI-MEMS. The electrodeposited structure is influenced by the choice of optical or X-ray lithography. Thickness uniformity of the deposit on the wafer scale can be optimized by the use of an auxiliary cathode. On the device or feature scales, thickness uniformity can be improved by the thoughtful design of the pattern to be plated. A variable reluctance, planar, integrated mini-motor with a 6 mm diameter rotor has been fabricated using lithography, electrodeposition and dielectric planarization processes. The rotors were fabricated separately, released from the substrate, and slipped on the shaft, which was plated up as part of the stator fabrication.
Novel Instrument to Separate Large Inhalable Particles

Large inhalable particles are present in the workplace, yet few instruments exist to count and size such particles in situ. Inhalable-aerosol exposure can be evaluated using mass-based samplers such as the IOM or Button sampler, but these devices do not provide information on particle size distributions. Size-resolved samplers such as cascade impactors or the Aerodynamic Particle Sizer are limited to particle sizes <20 μm due to difficulties with particle aspiration and transmission losses. This work describes the development of two samplers capable of measuring the concentration and size distribution of airborne particles from 20 to 100 μm in aerodynamic diameter. One device is based on the principles of an upflow elutriator, whereas the other eliminates the potentially adverse effects of an upward-facing jet to separate particles from a quiescent airstream. Analytical models and computational fluid dynamics simulations were used to predict the performance of the two samplers. Sampling efficiencies of th...
Humanitarian Action Summit: exploring the edges of humanitarian health.

The Summit, now in its third year, was developed to address some major points of need and controversy in the humanitarian field, to establish a dialogue among practitioners and humanitarian strategists, and to promote discussion about complex and controversial issues that face the humanitarian community. What follows in this publication is a detailed review of the goals, deliberations, and recommendations of the Working Groups, concluding with an analysis of future needs. The authors hope that the Summit, and the resulting action items, serve as a launching point for organizational, governmental, and United Nations practices and policies to advance the professionalism, quality and accountability of humanitarian intervention.
Semiotics of a Superorganism

Darwinian evolution, as it was first conceived, has two dimensions: adaptation, that is, selection based upon “apt function”, defined as the “good fit” between an organism’s metabolic and biological demands and the environment in which it is embedded; and heredity, the transmissible memory of past apt function. Modern Darwinism has come to focus almost exclusively on hereditary memory, eclipsing the—arguably still-problematic—phenomenon of adaptation. As a result, modern Darwinism retains, at its core, certain incoherencies that, as long as they remain unresolved, preclude the emergence of a fully-coherent theory of evolution. Resolving the incoherencies will involve clarifying the relationship between embodied memory and apt function. In short, adaptation is a problem of semiotics: the organism must interpret the environment to fit well into it. This is well-illustrated by the constructed environments built by colonies of social insects, such as hives or nests, and the ancillary structures that contain them, forming an organism-like system known as a superorganism. The superorganism is marked by a kind of extended physiology, in that these constructed environments often serve as adaptive interfaces between the nest and ambient environment, and are constructed to manage the matter and energy flows between environments that constitute the process of adaptation. These constructed environments are also semiotic phenomena: interpretive structures, governed by information flow between the member insects and the structures they build. I review our findings on one such example: the mounds built by the fungus-cultivating termites of the genus Macrotermes. These structures are dynamic forms that are sustained by flows of soil from deep horizons up into the mound. The form, and hence the function, of the mound is determined by several environmental cues, most notably water and wind, as well as how termites interpret these cues, and signals that flow between termites, both directly and vicariously through the structures they build.
Abstract 1927: Polyploidy across breast cancer subtypes.

Introduction: Breast cancer remains the most common cancer in women. Although treatment advances have improved the prognosis for many women, many existing therapies have significant associated toxicities. A major goal of current research is to develop targeted therapies based on characteristics of each individual9s cancer. Polyploidy can provide a potential difference between cancer and normal cells that can be harnessed to selectively destroy cancer cells. We hypothesize that polyploidy is common in aggressive triple negative breast cancer. If this is the case, polyploidy could provide a target for therapy in triple negative cancers. Methods:We conducted a retrospective review of data collected by the University of Wisconsin Tumor Registry and HER2 testing by the state lab of hygiene between 2003 and 2011. Patients from the two data sets were matched by name and/or medical record number. Tumors were considered polyploid if ≥3 CEP17 signals were detected. Chi square testing and student T-tests were used to identify statistical correlations. Results: A total of 1211 were identified meeting eligibility criteria and 170 women had polyploid tumors. Of these, 72 had unknown or equivocal results for ER/PR or HER2 and were excluded from analyses. Polyploid tumors correlated with TNBC (p=0.028) and hormone receptor negative cancer (p=0.02). Subgroup analysis showed a positive correlation between HER2 positive tumors and polyploid tumors (p=0.0005). Polyploidy tumors were more likely to be either stage I or stage IV (p=0.0019). Vital status at last contact and age at diagnosis were not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.2875 and 0.7826, respectively). Discussion:We conclude that polyploid tumors cross all known subtypes of breast cancer, but are enriched among triple negative cancers. This may represent a viable group of cancers that can be targeted with specialized therapy. Citation Format: Amy Fothergill, Mark Burkard. Polyploidy across breast cancer subtypes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1927. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1927
Hemoglobin consumption by P. falciparum in individual erythrocytes imaged via quantitative phase spectroscopy

Plasmodium falciparum infection causes structural and biochemical changes in red blood cells (RBCs). To quantify these changes, we apply a novel optical technique, quantitative phase spectroscopy (QPS) to characterize individual red blood cells (RBCs) during the intraerythrocytic life cycle of P. falciparum. QPS captures hyperspectral holograms of individual RBCs to measure spectroscopic changes across the visible wavelength range (475–700 nm), providing complex information, i.e. amplitude and phase, about the light field which has interacted with the cell. The complex field provides complimentary information on hemoglobin content and cell mass, which are both found to dramatically change upon infection by P. falciparum. Hb content progressively decreases with parasite life cycle, with an average 72.2% reduction observed for RBCs infected by schizont-stage P. falciparum compared to uninfected cells. Infection also resulted in a 33.1% reduction in RBC’s optical volume, a measure of the cells’ non-aqueous components. Notably, optical volume is only partially correlated with hemoglobin content, suggesting that changes in other dry mass components such as parasite mass may also be assessed using this technique. The unique ability of QPS to discriminate individual healthy and infected cells using spectroscopic changes indicates that the approach can be used to detect disease.
Abstract 15739: The High Molecular Weight Isoforms of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 are Necessary for Postischemic Hindlimb Functional Recovery and Revascularization

Growth factor-mediated neo- or revascularization is an alternative to treatment for ischemic vascular diseases (coronary or peripheral). Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), implicated in a variety o...