cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low threshold solar-pumped iodine laser

Solar-pumped lasing of i-C 3 F 7 I and n-C 4 F 9 I has been achieved at very low threshold pumping powers (170 solar constants) using a long (60 cm) gain length box laser configuration. Two xenon arc solar simulators were used to provide an AMO spectrum over the 60 cm gain length. Maximum pulse energy of 73 mJ and average power of 525 mW were achieved at 7.3 kW optical input. A slope efficiency of 0.074 percent was measured, the maximum theoretical efficiency being 0.2 percent. Longer gain lengths allow reduced optical input concentration, thus making the solar trough collector feasible for space applications, n-C 4 F 9 I was found to have less quenching of I*, making it a superior lasant to i-C 3 F 7 I.
Word usage and posting behaviors: modeling blogs with unobtrusive data collection methods

We present a large-scale analysis of the content of weblogs dating back to the release of the Blogger program in 1999. Over one million blogs were analyzed from their conception through June 2006. These data was submitted to the Text Analysis: Word Counts program [12], which conducted a word-count analysis using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Counts (LIWC) dictionaries [20] to provide and analyze a representative sample of blogger word usage. Covariation among LIWC dictionaries suggests that blogs vary along five psychologically relevant linguistic dimensions: Melancholy, Socialness, Ranting, Metaphysicality, and Work-Relatedness. These variables and others were subjected to a cluster analysis in an attempt to extract natural usage groups to inform design of blogging systems, the results of which were mixed.
Synthesis of 17β-Estradiol by Isolated Ovarian Tissues of the Pregnant Rat: Aromatization in the Corpus Luteum

Corpora lutea from pregnant rats were incubated to determine their ability to produce 17beta-estradiol and to aromatize testosterone in vitro. Corpora lutea and non-luteal ovarian tissues were removed from rats on days 7, 15, and 22 of pregnancy, and these tissues were immediately frozen or incubated separately in medium 199 at 37 C in an atmosphere of 95% O2-5% CO2 for 4 h. 17Beta-Estradiol in tissue and medium were quantified by a highly specific radioimmunoassay. The estradiol content ivnariably increased in non-luteal tissues during incubation, while it decreased or remained the same in incubated corpora lutea. The synthesis in non-luteal tissues, which was 18 to 400-fold greter. The incubation of corpora lutea (5 to 25 mg of tissue) with testosterone (200 ng) on days 7, 15, and 22 of pregnancy resulted in a mean accumulation of 17beta-estradiol in medium of 2.5 x 103 pg/mg tissue, compared with a mean value of 6 pg/mg for luteal tissue removed from the same ovaries and incubated without testosterone. The incubation of corpora lutea from 15-day pregnant rats with (7alpha-3H)-testosterone resulted in 15% conversion to presumptive (7alpha-3H)17beta-estradiol, which was isolated identically to estradiol isolated for radioimmunoassay. Recrystallization to constant specific activity revealed a high degree of radiochemical purity (75%) of the isolated (3H)estradiol. Rat diaphragm muscle and rabbit corpora lutea did not aromatize testosterone to 17beta-estradiol in amounts detectable by radioirpora lutea in vitro is virtually diol by non-luteal ovarian tissues. However,the corpora lutea show a striking capacity to aromatize testosterone, which might explain the high estradiol content of the rat corpora lutea during pregnancy. The physiological significance of this aromatizing system and of 17beta-estradiol in the corpus luteum is unknown but may be related to the luteotropic action of estradiol in the pregnant rat.
Interests and Ideas: Parallelism as an Intellectual Strategy

I have discussed physics and mysticism as adaptations to local and wider organizational and sociocultural milieux. Obviously, this notion applies to parallelism too. But adaptations are never lonely interactions; they are struggles for power between and among more or less well defined collectivities. In this chapter, I discuss parallelism as a strategy in intellectual confict. Parallelists use the ideas of “modern physics” and “ancient mysticism” as cultural resources in their struggle to organize, preserve, and advance their interests (or, in more general terms, “to adapt to” and “to transform” their environs). The ideas of physics and mysticism are used differently by opponents of parallelism, and differently again by people who are not explicitly aligned against the parallelists but who hold opposing views.
Effects of a Complex Housing Environment on Heart Rate and Blood Pressure of Rats at Rest and after Stressful Challenges

Housing enrichment for rodents continues to be a discussion topic within the animal care community. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which a complex housing environment affects heart rate, blood pressure, and activity of rats when undisturbed and after exposure to stressful challenges and whether autonomic controls of heart rate would be affected. Male and female Sprague–Dawley and Wistar rats with radiotelemetry transmitters were evaluated under nonenriched single-housing conditions and after acclimation to a complex environment of dim light and cohabitation with 3 conspecifics in large cages with hiding, food foraging, and nesting items. Telemetry data were collected when rats were undisturbed, after acute challenges (cage change, intraperitoneal injections, restraint), during a forced running protocol, and after cholinergic or adrenergic blockade. The complex environment reduced heart rate and increased activity in undisturbed rats but did not affect blood pressure. Heart rate responses to challenges were unaffected, decreased, or increased by complex housing, depending on the stock and sex of rats. Forced running was either unaffected or decreased, depending on the stock and sex of rats. Heart rate responses to cholinergic or β1-adrenergic blockade were not affected. We conclude that the complex housing did not reduce indices of stress (for example, heart rate) as compared with simpler housing. However, the possibility that some environmental elements interact negatively with each other must be considered in future studies.
A Conceptual Framework for Specialized Senior Secondary Education in Mongolia

This report is intended to assist the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science of Mongolia by making recommendations for elaborating a conceptual framework for new specialized senior secondary school models. The broader context for this report is the ongoing, vibrant reform of the entire Mongolian education sector, from preschool through university. The report targets the high-level skills, which will be required in the coming global economy, to enable the greatest contributions to the Mongolian economy. The goal of the report is to contribute to policy and planning for the eventual establishment of approximately 30 specialized senior secondary schools in Mongolia.A number of recommendations are made with regard to the establishment of specialized senior secondary education in Mongolia. Many of them relate directly to specialized senior secondary education. But, since primary and junior secondary education provide the background preparation for the students who will enter specialized senior secondary education, there are also recommendations about those educational levels, so as better to prepare students for admission into and success in specialized senior secondary education. While the subject of this report is a conceptual framework, it also provides some guidance on implementation of specialized senior secondary education. In particular, the following elements of implementation are covered: required legislation, curriculum development, pilot programs, teacher capacity, development of the national entrance examination and application, and provision for specialized infrastructure. Mongolia is at an exciting moment, both in the improvement of its educational system and in the development of the country as a whole. The former is inextricably linked to the latter, a point well recognized by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science and one to which it is wholeheartedly devoted. This report is a contribution and vote of confidence to its success.
Activation Volume for Inelastic Deformation in Polycrystalline Ag Films at Low Temperatures

The low temperature (T < 100 °C) inelasticity of polycrystalline Ag thin films on thick substrates has been studied. In-situ Transmission Electron Microscopy and stress-relaxation experiments indicate that thermally-activated glide of dislocations through forest-dislocation obstacles is the dominant inelastic mechanism. Values of the activation volume for inelastic deformation obtained with both experiments are reported. The mean distance between obstacles along the length of moving dislocations was found to be significantly smaller than the thickness of the film and the average grain size, which explains why current models for dislocationmediated plasticity underestimate the strength of thin films. Results from these experiments on Ag are expected to be representative of other metallic thin films (e.g. Cu and Au) on substrates.
Experimental Modelling and Control of a Servo-Hydraulic Force Control System

AbstractThe objective of this work is to model a hydraulic force control servo system and then improve upon the performance of the system through feedback control design. The hydraulic system is first constructed and tested. Experimental data based linear models of the system are found through input-output measurements. The models contain a right-half- plane zero; therefore, a bandwidth limitation is placed on the control design (i.e., the bandwidth frequency of the control system is limited). Three types of controllers (P, PID and Hm) are designed specifically for the linear models. The closed-loop time domain and frequency domain performance of each control system is found and compared for the models and system. Uncertainties and performance weights are finally used in finding the nominal/robust stability and performance.
Hybrid Photonic Integration

Integration of compound semiconductors with CMOS provides a path for improving performance and increasing functionality. Methods for integrating photonic materials are examined, and the resulting thermal environment modeled. Integration of III-N materials is also discussed.
Re: Utilization of Preoperative Laboratory Testing for Low-Risk, Ambulatory Urologic Procedures.

Objective To determine the clinical significance of preoperative laboratory testing for low-risk ambulatory urologic procedures. Materials and Methods The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database from 2005 to 2013 was queried for urethral sling procedures, cystoscopic procedures, and scrotal procedures. Multivariate analysis was used to assess for independent predictors of preoperative laboratory testing utilization and for postoperative complications. Results Overall, 7378 procedures were identified, with 73.9% undergoing 1 or more laboratory tests, including 37.9% who had no comorbidities. Patients who were tested were older, had a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists class, and had more preoperative comorbidities. Of these procedures, only 2.9% resulted in any complication. Most laboratory tests were drawn within 1 week of the procedure. On multivariate analysis of testing utilization, increasing age and medical comorbidities were predictive of testing. Multivariate analysis of postoperative outcomes showed that abnormal test laboratory findings were not predictive of postoperative complications in those with and without NSQIP-defined comorbidities. Conclusion Abnormal preoperative laboratory testing was not a significant independent predictor of postoperative complications. Almost 40% of patients received preoperative testing despite having no NSQIP-detected comorbid conditions. A multidisciplinary approach should be taken to define procedures in which preoperative laboratory testing may be eliminated.
CAPs marker-assisted selection for cold tolerance gene at the booting stage in rice

To solve the problem of poor tolerance to coolness at the booting stage in rice in the south of China, cold tolerance gene from a cultivar-Hokkai PL5,which is tolerant to cold at the booting stage,was transferred into three elite indica varieties: Xiangwan 29,Xiangwan 31 and Taizhong 101,respectively. A CAPs marker-assisted selection closely linked to the cold tolerance gene were conducted in the F3 population and picked out were four,two and six individuals respectively,with homozygous gene of resistance to chilling injury at the booting stage,so that they could be used as important breeding materials. Meanwhile,a simple,rapid and accurate analysis system of CAPs marker-assisted selection was established.
Development Strategy on Chinese Competitive Volleyball After the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games

Chinese volleyball team had created brilliant achievements in the world. However,it had a poor performance and a rapid decline in many important matches in the world after the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. Contradictions have also been highlighted out in the process of development. Therefore,the main aims of this study are to clarify favorable and unfavorable factors,and to determine the direction and road in the development of Chinese volleyball. This paper investigated the leaders of Chinese Volleyball Management Center,volleyball researchers,coaches in national team and clubs of National Volleyball League A,international and national volleyball referees,and analyzed advantages,weaknesses,opportunities and threats existed in the process of development of current Chinese competitive volleyball by the methods of investigation and SWOT analysis. The results showed that the best suitable strategy for Chinese competitive volleyball development is aggressive development strategy with actively exploration measures.
Phylogenetic relationships of the Zigzag Heron (Zebrilus undulatus) and White-crested Bittern (Tigriornis leucolophus) estimated by DNA-DNA Hybridization

ASSTRACT.--Recently, we acquired DNA of two rare species of heron, the Neotropical Zigzag Heron (Zebrilus undulatus) and the African White-crested Bittern (Tigriornis leucolophus). To estimate their phylogenetic relationships to other herons, we compared these species with representatives of the major heron clades using DNA-DNA hybridization. Even though the Zigzag Heron resembles a tiger-heron in its barred plumage and forest habitat, it is most closely related to bitterns. The White-crested Bittern is monophyletic with the New World tiger-herons (Tigrisoma) and, thus, is better termed the White-crested Tiger-Heron. These findings accord well with phylogenetic analyses based on osteology. The remaining uncertainties in higher-level heron phylogeny are principally: (1) the position and composition of some enigmatic genera (e.g. Gorsachius, Agamia, Pilherodius, and Ardeola); and (2) the identification of the basal heron lineage, which appears to be either tiger-herons or the Boatbilled Heron (Cochlearius). Received 15 June 1994, accepted 27 January 1995.
The Journal of Mental Health Counseling Publication Pattern Review: A Meta-Study of Author and Article Characteristics, 1994-2009

Patterns of articles published in the Journal of Mental Health Counseling (JMHC) from 1994 through 2009 were reviewed. Characteristics of authors (e.g., sex, employment setting, nation of domicile) and articles (e.g., topic, type, design, sample, sample size, participant type, statistical procedures and sophistication) are described and analyzed for trends over time.
Role of Oxidative Stress in Erectile Dysfunction After Prostate Cancer Therapy

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in the developed world and is commonly treated by surgery or radiotherapy. The most common side effect of either treatment is erectile dysfunction (ED). While surgical ED is well understood to be due to direct and indirect nerve injury, radiation-induced ED is less understood. Through other diseases and emerging clinical and preclinical data, oxidative stress of the penile tissues is found to play a key role in the development of ED. This provides opportunity for novel treatment and preventative strategies to combat this treatment effect which causes great distress in cancer survivors.
Sirolimus and Tacrolimus without Methotrexate as Graft-vs.-Host Disease Prophylaxis after Matched, Unrelated Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation: Excellent GVHD Control with Low Transplant-Related Morbidity and Mortality.

Sirolimus (Rapamycin, Rap) is an immunosuppressant structurally similar to tacrolimus (Tac), however, Rap inhibits T cell function via FKBP12/mTOR and may also inhibit dendritic cell function. Rap is synergistic with Tac and has no overlapping toxicity, allowing their use in combination. We have shown that Rap, Tac and low-dose methotrexate (Mtx) is effective GVHD prophylaxis after unrelated donor (URD) transplantation and the combination of Rap and Tac alone is effective in matched, related donor (MRD) transplantation. Since Mtx is associated with transplant-related toxicity and delayed engraftment, we hypothesized that Rap and Tac, without Mtx, would provide effective GVHD prophylaxis in URD transplantation while minimizing transplant-related morbidity and mortality. Methods: 28 subjects underwent peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) from 6/6 HLA-matched unrelated donors after Cy/TBI conditioning. GVHD prophylaxis consisted of Rap (target serum level 3–12 ng/ml) and Tac (target serum level 5–10 ng/ml). Filgrastim (5 μ g/kg) was administered from day+12 until engraftment, if needed. Results: The median age of subjects was 43.5 years (range 22–54). Diagnoses were AML(11), CML(6), NHL(4), MDS(3), ALL(2), MPD(1) and HD(1). The median times to neutrophil engraftment (>500/μ L) and platelet engraftment (>20,000/μ L and >100,000/μ L) were 13.5 (range 11–14), 12 (range 9–25), and 17 (range 12–101) days, respectively. All 28 patients survived to first hospital discharge, at a median of 19 days from day 0 (range 14–55). Gr. II acute GVHD occurred in 4 patients (14.3%) and Gr. IV acute GVHD occurred in 1 patient (3.5%), for an overall rate of Gr. II–IV acute GVHD of 17.9%. GVHD resolved with corticosteroids in all but 1 case. Transplant-related morbidity was low, without any cases of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome/diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Two subjects developed VOD and one subject developed thrombotic microangiopathy. Reactivation of HHV-6 with limbic encephalitis was noted in 2 patients. Nine of 24 evaluable patients developed chronic GVHD (7 extensive, 2 limited). Five patients relapsed, one of whom achieved a complete remission after immunosuppression withdrawal and DLI. Causes of death include relapse(2), VOD(1), and relapse with VOD and hepatic GVHD(1). The median follow-up is 197 days (range 80–557). Treatment-related mortality at 100 days is 3.5%. Relapse-free and overall survival at day 100 are both 92.7%, and at 1 year are 75.4 and 83.6%, respectively. Conclusions: Rap and Tac without Mtx is effective for GVHD prophylaxis after matched URD PBSCT, leading to acute GVHD in 17.9% of treated patients, which is similar to our experience using Rap and Tac in MRD transplantation. Furthermore, the omission of Mtx is associated with minimal transplant-related morbidity and mortality. This combination is worthy of broader study in unrelated donor transplantation.
A Text Mining and Multidimensional Sentiment Analysis of Online Restaurant Reviews

ABSTRACTThis study aims to identify the structure of online restaurant reviews and examine the influence of review attributes and sentiments on restaurant star ratings. While past research indicated four attributes specific to restaurant reviews—food, service, ambience, and price—this study proposes context as the fifth attribute unique to online reviews. Sentiment analysis of online restaurant reviews has confirmed the proposed underlying structure of online restaurant reviews. Results showed that consumers’ sentiments in these five attributes significantly explained the differences in star ratings. Food, service, and context are the top three attributes affecting star ratings, followed by price and ambiance.
Molybdenum chloride catalysts for Z -selective olefin metathesis reactions

The development of catalyst-controlled stereoselective olefin metathesis processes has been a pivotal recent advance in chemistry. The incorporation of appropriate ligands within complexes based on molybdenum, tungsten and ruthenium has led to reactivity and selectivity levels that were previously inaccessible. Here we show that molybdenum monoaryloxide chloride complexes furnish higher-energy (Z) isomers of trifluoromethyl-substituted alkenes through cross-metathesis reactions with the commercially available, inexpensive and typically inert Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene. Furthermore, otherwise inefficient and non-stereoselective transformations with Z-1,2-dichloroethene and 1,2-dibromoethene can be effected with substantially improved efficiency and Z selectivity. The use of such molybdenum monoaryloxide chloride complexes enables the synthesis of representative biologically active molecules and trifluoromethyl analogues of medicinally relevant compounds. The origins of the activity and selectivity levels observed, which contradict previously proposed principles, are elucidated with the aid of density functional theory calculations.
Querying Invisible Objects: Supporting Data-Driven, Privacy-Preserving Distributed Applications

When transferring sensitive data to a non-trusted party, end-users require that the data be kept private. Mobile and IoT application developers want to leverage the sensitive data to provide better user experience and intelligent services. Unfortunately, existing programming abstractions make it impossible to reconcile these two seemingly conflicting objectives. In this paper, we present a novel programming mechanism for distributed managed execution environments that hides sensitive user data, while enabling developers to build powerful and intelligent applications, driven by the properties of the sensitive data. Specifically, the sensitive data is never revealed to clients, being protected by the runtime system. Our abstractions provide declarative and configurable data query interfaces, enforced by a lightweight distributed runtime system. Developers define when and how clients can query the sensitive data's properties (i.e., how long the data remains accessible, how many times its properties can be queried, which data query methods apply, etc.). Based on our evaluation, we argue that integrating our novel mechanism with the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) can address some of the most pertinent privacy problems of IoT and mobile applications.
The curious relationship of sintering to activity in supported gold catalysts for the hydrochlorination of acetylene

Abstract Gold catalysts for the hydrochlorination of acetylene are currently being studied as an environmentally benign replacement for industrial mercuric chloride catalysts, which undergo reduction and subsequent sublimation into the atmosphere. In this work the method of strong electrostatic adsorption was used with a cationic gold precursor to controllably deposit the gold precursors over a variety of activated carbon and metal oxide supports. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, STEM, and XPS before and after reaction or aging at temperature (180 °C) in HCl. The synthesis procedure resulted in highly dispersed Au nanoparticles (usually below the 1.5 nm limit of detection and some from 2 to 3 nm) over all supports. The series of catalysts exhibited an unusual relationship of sintering to activity; the catalysts which best anchored the Au crystallites were the least active; titania and silica catalysts showed almost no sintering and were virtually inactive, and even a graphitic carbon catalyst exhibited good anchoring but very poor activity. The sintering was caused by the HCl atmosphere and not the temperature; catalysts submitted to the reaction temperature in He were stable. It would appear that the metal nanoparticles, and Au at the edges of metal nanoparticles, are inactive. The current results support recent reports in the literature that the active sites are derived from isolated Au ions, but we can conclude that oxidized amorphous carbon also plays a key role in generating the active site. In this environment the active species is highly mobile and susceptible to sintering.
Combinatorial effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), vorinostat and entinostat, and adaphostin are characterized by distinct redox alterations

Amongst the epigenetically targeted therapies, targeting of the histone deacetylases (HDACs) has yielded numerous drugs for clinical use in hematological malignancies, but none as yet for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Single agent activity of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) has been elusive in ALL, and has prompted study of combinatorial strategies. Because several HDACi raise levels of intracellular oxidative stress, we evaluated combinations of two structurally distinct HDACi with the redox active compound adaphostin in ALL. The HDACi vorinostat and entinostat were tested in combination with adaphostin in human ALL cell lines. DNA fragmentation, caspase activation, mitochondrial disruption and levels of intracellular peroxides, superoxide and glutathione were measured in cells treated with the HDACi/adaphostin combinations. Antioxidant blockade of cell death induction and gene expression profiling of cells treated with vorinostat/adaphostin versus entinostat/adaphostin combinations were evaluated. Both combinations synergistically induced apoptotic DNA fragmentation, which was preceded by an increase in superoxide levels, a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, and an increase in caspase-9 activation. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) blocked superoxide generation and prevented reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential. NAC decreased DNA fragmentation and caspase activity in cells treated with adaphostin and vorinostat, but not in those treated with adaphostin and entinostat. Gene expression arrays revealed differential regulation of several redox genes prior to cell death induction. A redox modulatory agent, adaphostin, enhances efficacy of two HDACi, vorinostat or entinostat, but via different mechanisms indicating a point of divergence in the mechanisms of synergy between the two distinct HDACi and adaphostin.
Evaluation of Scientific Workflow Effectiveness for a Distributed Multi-User Multi-Platform Support System for Collaborative Visualization

Collaboration among research scientists across multiple types of visualizations and platforms is useful to enhance scientific workflow and lead to unique analysis and discovery. However, current analytic tools and visualization infrastructure lack sufficient capabilities to fully support collaboration across multiple types of visualizations, display/interactive systems, and geographically distributed researchers. We have combined, adapted, and enhanced several emerging immersive and visualization technologies into a novel collaboration system that will provide scientists with the ability to connect with other scientists to work together across multiple visualization platforms (i.e. stereoscopic versus monoscopic), multiple datasets (i.e. 3-Dimensional versus 2-Dimensional data), and multiple visualization techniques (i.e. volumetric rendering versus 2D plots). We have demonstrated several use cases of this system in materials science, manufacturing, planning, and others. In one such use case, our collaboration system imports material science data (i.e., graphite billet) and enable multiple scientists to analyze and explore the density change of graphite across immersive and non-immersive systems, which will help to understand the potential structural problem in it. We recruited scientists that work with the datasets we demonstrate in three use case scenarios and conducted an experimental user study to evaluate our novel collaboration system on scientific visualization workflow effectiveness. In this paper, we present the results on task completion time, task performance, user experience, and feedback among multiple and feedback among multiple geographically distributed collaborators using different multiple-platform for collaboration.
Comparison of the use of cefepime (cefp) monotherapy vs. piperacillin/tazobactam (pip/tazo) plus a fluroquinolone or aminoglycoside for the empiric treatment of febrile neutropenia (FN)

18581 Background: Practice guidelines for empiric therapy of FN were created and implemented at our institution in January 2003, prior to which empiric therapy often included the use of cefp. These...
Computer efficacy: Determinants, consequences, and malleability

Abstract This paper presents a model of the determinants and consequences of computer efficacy with particular attention devoted to the mediating processes through which users form efficacy judgements, including their analysis of task requirements, assessments of situational and personal resources/constraints, and attributional analysis of experience. Of particular interest to this paper are the attributional processes affecting computer efficacy. Recommendations for computer and attributional training are advanced.
Psychological and social aspects of resilience: a synthesis of risks and resources

It has been conventional wisdom that early deprivation and trauma can lead unequivocally to later adult debilitation and disorder. That this is not in fact the case has become abundantly clear via a variety of recent new research. While early adversity can be a severe impediment, there is a myriad of accounts of people who have been born into lives of abject destitution, yet have grown into stable, productive, and generative adults. There are certainly personal and social factors that increase the risks of frailty and failing. By the same token, these same risk factors can contribute to the enhancement of one's life, and increase the chances of resilience and of leading fulfilling lives. There is now evidence that society has the knovi/ledge to implement prevention and early intervention programs that foster and enhance personal development; the question is, does it have the will and commitment to do so?
Perspectives on the Problem of Poverty

In today’s world, on a massive scale, we witness poverty of appalling magnitude. We associate absolute poverty with underdeveloped regions of the world stricken with disasters such as war, droughts, crop failures, pestilence, and starvation. Televised scenes of horribly emaciated bodies of young children in impoverished countries are only too vivid. And what television brings us from afar, we can see easily at home in a so-called first-world country. As we walk through the streets of our major cities in the United States, we cannot avoid the distressing sights of homeless people, often within view of conditions of wealth and luxury. We write checks to charitable organizations to aid the poor or vote for politicians who promise to support a government initiative to help alleviate poverty. However, seeing no apparent effects of our efforts or contributions, sooner or later we may find ourselves become increasingly frustrated and discouraged. Still the question remains: what to do about the problem of poverty?
Social Work Assessment and Outcomes Measurement in Hospice and Palliative Care

While psychosocial assessment is required in hospice, no requirement exists for documentation of psychosocial outcomes. Social work research has identified the psychosocial and spiritual domains most often and appropriate for social workers to address, and standardized assessment tools have been developed by social workers based on this research. The aims of this study were to document the current use of standardized assessment measures for assessment and documenting outcomes and specifically the use of the Social Work Assessment Tool. A national sample of 203 hospice and palliative care social workers was recruited for this mixed methods study. Results indicated that most social workers used a form developed by a nonsocial worker in the agency for the initial assessment, and many palliative care social workers were not responsible for the assessment. Fewer conducted a follow-up assessment or documented outcomes. No common standardized measure was used. This study confirmed anecdotal evidence about lack of standardized social work assessment and outcomes measurement occurring in hospice and palliative care. As the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services is likely to select a standardized tool to measure psychosocial outcomes, social workers have an opportunity to contribute a quantitatively driven outcomes measure, developed by social workers, that will demonstrate effectiveness of social work intervention and lead to a better understanding of the social work role in hospice and palliative care.
CHARACTERIZATION OF CALCIUM-DEPENDENT CHROMAFFIN GRANULE-BINDING PROTEINS1

Publisher Summary This chapter elaborates the characterization of calcium-dependent chromaffin granule-binding proteins. The chromobindins have been numbered according to their positions on two-dimensional gels. Chromobindin 4 was identified as a 32 kDa mammalian calelectrin after isolation of calelectrin from bovine live, iodination and coelectrophoresis in two-dimensional with the chromobindins. Chromobindins 20 was similarly identified as a 67 kDa variant of a calelectrin and was also found to have the properties of the synexin-inhibitory protein, synhibin. Chromobindin 6 and 9 were immunoprecipitated with antiserum to the 35 kDa substratefor the EGF receptor/ kinase. As the 35 kDa protein may be a fragment of the phospholipase inhibitory protein lipocortin, it is likely that chromobindin 9 is lipocortin and chromobindin 6 is similar kDa fragment. Chromobindin 8 was identified as calpactin, the 36 kDa substrate for the src kinase, on the basis of immunological cross-reaction and two-dimensional peptide mapping. Chromobindin 10 was identified as actin on the basis of two-dimensional electrophoretic parameters and antibody cross-reaction. Chromobindin 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18 and 19 were determined to be subunits of a complex protein, called chromobindin A, which requires ATP to be released from the membrane.
Moving beyond Brown: Race and Education after Parents v. Seattle School District No. 1.

BackgroundBy a 5–4 margin, the U.S. Supreme Court in Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 declared that voluntary public school integration programs were unconstit...
Neither Real Americans nor Real Asians? : Multigeneration Asian Ethnics Navigating the Terrain of Authenticity

This chapter explores the “authenticity dilemma” confronting Asian ethnics and discusses how they negotiate a social terrain where others define them as neither real Americans nor real Asians. It argues that Asian ethnics have and continue to actively struggle against the stereotypical labels others impose on them. To explore the authenticity dilemma confronting Asian ethnics, the chapter draws from interviews gathered for a larger study conducted on the middle class Asian ethnic experience. Today, Asian ethnics exercise a great deal of choice regarding the elements of traditional ethnic culture they wish to incorporate or do away with in their personal lives. They befriend whom they please, date and marry whom they please, choose the careers they please, and pursue further knowledge about their cultural heritage if they please. Being ethnic remains a societal expectation for Asian ethnics despite how far removed they are from their immigrant roots or how much they differ from their foreign-born counterparts.
Power Electronic System Real-Time Simulation on National Instruments FPGA Platforms

In this paper, a solution to perform real-time simulations of power electronic systems on National Instruments (NI) platforms is proposed. This approach utilizes embedding a simulation solver engine into LabVIEW FPGA Virtual Instrument applications which execute on Field-Programmable Gate Array devices on the NI platforms. The simulation solver engines are implemented with the Latency-Based Linear Compound (LBLMC) simulation methods to allow as low as 50ns time step simulations in real-time. An example simulating a ship zonal system on a NI CompactRIO platform is presented, showing the capabilities of the approach.
Strategies for Career Resilience in the Face of Economic Uncertainty

It's time for us to be honest with ourselves about the economic pressures faced by colleges and universities in the United States. Small colleges are closing regularly, sometimes with next-to-no warning. Many schools are trying to do more with fewer employees, given the rising costs of pensions and health care. The news is full of caution about coming demographic shifts, and cost-conscious families are questioning both the sticker price and the long-term value of a degree. In light of these socioeconomic trends, it's reasonable to be concerned about your employer's financial health, your own job security, and what impact the shrinking higher education market will have on your career.In this facilitated workshop, we'll discuss strategies you can deploy to help you thrive in the face of economic instability, and where possible, pivot into positions of growing authority and scope. We will articulate and discuss five strategies for career resilience: assessing organizational structures, knowing your value and your needs, remaining true to yourself in the face of change, practicing strategic vulnerability, and balancing opportunities to grow and thrive. Each of the five focal points will be accompanied by an opportunity for audience participation and reflection.
Youth and Young Adult Victims of Interpersonal Violence at LA County + USC Medical Center: A Review of Epidemiology and Recidivism

Youth and young adult interpersonal violence (IPV) is a unique clinical challenge which merits study. This study defined the demographics and clinical outcomes of youth and young adult victims of IPV presenting to our hospital while examining violent injury recidivism. We reviewed patients aged 10 to 30 years admitted to our trauma bay as a victim of gunshot wound (GSW), stabbing wound, or blunt assault from 1998 to 2015 (n = 12,549). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to compare patient mortality across demographic characteristics, and Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine risk factors for recidivism. Male (92%) and Hispanic patients (75%) constituted the majority of admissions. We observed differences in the mortality rate by gender (9% in males vs 5% in females, P < 0.001), race/ethnicity (5% non-Hispanic white vs 9% Hispanic, P = 0.001), insurance status (3% insured vs 10% uninsured, P < 0.001), and mechanism of injury (13% GSW, 2% stabbing wound, and 0.3% blunt assault, P < 0.001). Male gender, younger age, GSW, and amphetamine placed patients at higher risk for IPV recidivism (P < 0.05). This study demonstrates the need to better understand how demographics and economics are associated with youth and young adult IPV. In addition, future IPV prevention and intervention initiatives can be tailored to suit the unique needs of our population.
Parental aggravation may tell more about a child’s mental/behavioral health than Adverse Childhood Experiences: Using the 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health

Abstract Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with a number of health problems and early mortality. Developmental studies have also shown strong links between parents’ contemporaneous negative feelings toward their children and the children’s maladjustment. Objectives The relative, unique contributions of ACEs and parents’ feelings of aggravation were examined in predicting to the presence of children’s internalizing and externalizing problems, perseverance and emotional regulation. Also tested was the potential moderating roles of personal support and external emotional resources for parents. Participants and setting Data from the 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health were used. A random, nationally representative sample of 35,718 adult caregivers in the United States (US) with children ages 6–17 were included. Methods Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to explore the patterns of results in predicting to children’s maladjustment and adjustment, separately by child sex. Results Parental aggravation consistently had larger effects on children’s maladjustment and adjustment than ACEs (1.47–1.82 timesamong males; 1.31–1.83 time among females, with one exception, i.e. internalizing problems). Personal support for parenting attenuated the relations of both ACEs and parental aggravation with children’s outcomes. In the presence of external resources for parenting, children’s maladjustments tended to be even more pronounced, suggesting that parents seek external resources when problem behaviors become significant in their children. Conclusion For children at risk, future interventions should consider the value of refocusing attention from the occurrence ACEs per se, to critical, proximal indices – parents’ negative feelings around parenting – that can have stronger links with children’s maladjustment and that are more amenable to change.
Age differences in the neural correlates of the specificity of recollection: An event-related potential study.

Abstract In young adults, the neural correlates of successful recollection vary with the specificity (or amount) of information retrieved. We examined whether the neural correlates of recollection are modulated in a similar fashion in older adults. We compared event-related potential (ERP) correlates of recollection in samples of healthy young and older adults (N = 20 per age group). At study, participants were cued to make one of two judgments about each of a series of words. Subsequently, participants completed a memory test for studied and unstudied words in which they first made a Remember/Know/New (RKN) judgment, followed by a source memory judgment when a word attracted a ‘Remember’ (R) response. In young adults, the ‘left parietal effect’ – a putative ERP correlate of successful recollection – was largest for test items endorsed as recollected (R judgment) and attracting a correct source judgment, intermediate for items endorsed as recollected but attracting an incorrect or uncertain source judgment, and, relative to correct rejections, absent for items endorsed as familiar only (K judgment). In marked contrast, the left parietal effect was not detectable in older adults. Rather, regardless of source accuracy, studied items attracting an R response elicited a sustained, centrally maximum negative-going deflection relative to both correct rejections and studied items where recollection failed (K judgment). A similar retrieval-related negativity has been described previously in older adults, but the present findings are among the few to link this effect specifically to recollection. Finally, relative to correct rejections, all classes of correctly recognized old items elicited an age-invariant, late-onsetting positive deflection that was maximal over the right frontal scalp. This finding, which replicates several prior results, suggests that post-retrieval monitoring operations were engaged to an equivalent extent in the two age groups. Together, the present results suggest that there are circumstances where young and older adults engage qualitatively distinct retrieval-related processes during successful recollection.
Exploring the persome: The power of the item in understanding personality structure

Abstract We discuss methods of data collection and analysis that emphasize the power of individual personality items for predicting real world criteria (e.g., smoking, exercise, self-rated health). These methods are borrowed by analogy from radio astronomy and human genomics. Synthetic Aperture Personality Assessment (SAPA) applies a matrix sampling procedure that synthesizes very large covariance matrices through the application of massively missing at random data collection. These large covariance matrices can be applied, in turn, in Persome Wide Association Studies (PWAS) to form personality prediction scores for particular criteria. We use two open source data sets (N=4,000 and 126,884 with 135 and 696 items respectively) for demonstrations of both of these procedures. We compare these procedures to the more traditional use of “Big 5” or a larger set of narrower factors (the “little 27”). We argue that there is more information at the item level than is used when aggregating items to form factorially derived scales.
Juvenile angle closure management: The role of lens extraction and goniosynechialysis.

Abstract Purpose Angle closure (AC) is a rare condition in young people. In adults with AC, lens extraction and goniosynechialysis (LE-GSL) are effective in restoring angle anatomy and function. However, the efficacy of LE-GSL is poorly understood in the juvenile population. In this study, we report the efficacy and safety of LE-GSL in a series of young patients with AC. Methods We reviewed the medical records of consecutive patients with AC. Eyes were included if aged 24 mmHg and (1) less than 180° of visible trabecular meshwork, or (2) any peripheral anterior synechiae noted on gonioscopy, or (3) iridocorneal apposition prior to dilation > 180° identified on anterior segment imaging. Results A total of 11 eyes (7 patients) were included. The mean ages of diagnosis and LE-GSL were 19.0 and 21.2 years, respectively. Of the 11 eyes, 8 had a history of laser retinal ablation for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP, 72.7%). Intraoperatively, 7 eyes received intraocular lens (63.3%), 6 had concurrent vitrectomy (54.5%), and 4 had concurrent endocyclophotocoagulation (36.4%). Following LE-GSL, visual acuity (VA) improved from a mean preoperative LogMAR of 0.88 (20/150 Snellen equivalence) to a mean LogMAR of 0.68 (20/100 Snellen equivalence, P = 0.029). IOP significantly decreased from 18.2 mmHg (Tmax 38.4±12.2 mmHg) preoperatively to a mean of 11.3 mmHg postoperatively (P = 0.009). The number of glaucoma medications was significantly reduced from a mean of 2.4 preoperatively to no medications at final follow-up (mean duration of 13.7 months, P Conclusions and importance In our cohort, LE-GSL significantly lowered IOP, improved visual outcomes, and decreased medication burden in young patients with AC, many of which had infantile retinal ablation for ROP. LE-GSL may be considered an effective intervention in young patients with AC.
Music therapy as multiplicity: Implications for music therapy philosophy and theory

The field of music therapy is diverse and complex. Authors have navigated such complexity in myriad ways, often to locate the field’s unique values and purposes. Ensuing orientations and models hav...