cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Serving God and Country? Religious Involvement and Military Service Among Young Adult Men

Despite important connections between religion and military action throughout world history, scholars have seldom explored the association between religiosity and military enlistment. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), we used a person-oriented analysis to categorize young men according to patterns of adolescent religious involvement. Youth indentified as “highly religious evangelical” are more likely to enlist in the military compared to their “highly religious nonevangelical” and “nonreligious” counterparts; however, these findings hold only for those young men without college experience. These findings are discussed along with study limitations and promising directions for future research.
Bruton's TK inhibitors: structural insights and evolution of clinical candidates

Bruton's TK (BTK) is a promising biological target for therapeutic intervention of several diseases including inflammatory diseases and cancer/B cell malignancies. Numerous research groups are actively engaged in investigating the functions of BTK, and discovering potent and selective BTK inhibitors as drug candidates. Revealed by x-ray crystal structures with ligands of diverse chemical structures, the ability of BTK kinase domain to adopt various inactive conformations offers unique opportunities to identify highly potent and exquisitely selective inhibitors. Both reversible and covalent inhibitor approaches have yielded candidates demonstrating safety profiles and efficacies in multiple preclinical models of autoimmunity and oncology. Two BTK inhibitors have entered human clinical trials for oncology indications. Ibrutinib won the US FDA approval in November 2013 to become the first-in-class BTK inhibitor for treating mantle cell lymphoma. This encouraging outcome and the other on-going human studies c...
Commentary on: The Lower Nasal Base: An Anatomical Study

In “The Lower Nasal Base: An Anatomical Study,” Dr Daniel and his coauthors undertook the dissection of 45 cadaver noses to fully appreciate the anatomy of the lower nasal base. This is an often neglected and not fully understood anatomical region1,2 consisting of the columellar base, nostril sills, and alar lobules. Their dissections are simply some of the best that our readers will ever see. The authors begin by clearing up some common misconceptions: (a) there is, in fact, a distinct lower nasal base consisting of the columellar base, nostril sills, and alar lobules; (b) the medial border of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasalis (LLSAN) becomes the defining muscle of the alar crease; (c) more than 1 muscle depresses the nasal tip (eg, the LLSAN), although the depressor septi nasalis (DSN) is usually attributed to be the only muscle responsible for that; (d) the transverse line or fold that occurs on forceful smiling represents the junction between 2 components of the orbicularis; and (e) the entire alar lobule is actually devoid of cartilage. The authors also clarify some debatable issues, including the idea that the DSN is a paired muscle that originates from the maxilla just above the medial incisor and the concept that Pitanguy's ligament is not a true dermocartilaginous ligament because if it were, it would contradict the 5-layer laminate concept of the nasal soft tissue envelope.3 Their video gives a nice demonstration of the distinct tether that allows the tip to be pulled down by muscular contracture, an action that involves …
Reaction of Dimethyldichlorosilane, Phenylmethyldichlorosilane, or Diphenyldichlorosilane with Dimethyl Sulfoxide. Evidence for Silanone and Cyclodisiloxane Intermediates

Dimethyldichlorosilane reacts with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the presence of 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-oxa-2,5-disilacyclopentane (I) to yield 2,2,4,4,7,7-hexamethyl-1,3-dioxa-2,4,7-trisilacyclohept...
Nonadiabatic effects on the vibrational intervals of H2

Abstract It is shown that the nonadiabatic shifts on the lowest vibrational intervals of H2+ are expected to be about a quarter times those of H2. The available experimental data is not yet sufficiently precise to test this prediction.
A Holistic Solution to the Bi-Link-Failure-Free RWA Problem for 2-D-Torus-Based WDM LANs

We provide a holistic routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) solution to a 2-D-torus-based fault-tolerance problem in which an arbitrary bidirectional link (bilink) failure is tolerated. First, we introduce an optimal working lightpath RWA (WRWA) scheme for an N $\,\times\,$ N torus. Then, by observing a uniform pattern by which WRWA arranges working lightpaths through a bilink, we propose a spare lightpath RWA (SRWA) scheme that provisions spare resources to accommodate all traffic originally carried on the bilink subject to failure. The proposed SRWA scheme is at a spare wavelength cost within 1/N of that for the working lightpaths. We show a factor-2 performance guarantee for the proposed SRWA scheme. Finally, we derive a polynomial-time resolvable connection reliability expression for the proposed bilink-failure-free scheme and numerical results show a clear evidence of fault-tolerance capacity improvement.
Effect of hypercholesterolemia on the in vitro production of granulocytes and monocytes in the chick

Abstract Normal and hypercholesterolemic sera were not different with regard to the number of granulocyte-monocyte clones supported or to the percentage of granulocytic clones supported. However, 97% of the mononuclear cell clones induced by hypercholesterolemic serum contained cells which had differentiated into very large, highly vacuolated macrophages (= giant cell) of very low replicative potential (clone size = 3–9 cells). When low-density lipoproteins isolated from hypercholesterolemic plasma (LDL-H) were added to cultures stimulated with normal serum, most (74%) of the resulting clones were giant-cell ones. Other classes of lipoproteins had this effect but the magnitude was lower (53% maximum). Even LDL from normal animals was ineffective. Approximately 70% of the mononuclear cell clones induced by normal serum contained cells which had differentiated into monocytes and small macrophages (three to four times smaller than giant cells) of very high replicative potential (clones ⩾ 50 cells). The number of granulocytic clones was not affected by any lipoprotein class. Dilution, heat inactivation, and lipoprotein depletion of hypercholesterolemic serum eliminated its ability to induce giant cells and, following these treatments, it was as active (or more in the case of lipoprotein depletion) as normal serum at inducing regular macrophage clones. These treatments showed that a decrease in a serum's ability to induce giant cells was correlated in degree and kinetics with an increase in its ability to produce regular macrophages, suggesting that the two cell types derive from a common progenitor.
Health-Related Quality of Life and Postoperative Length of Stay for Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Abstract Background. Length of stay (LOS) after surgery is a major determinant of resource utilization for colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of this study was to examine the association between pretreatment health-related quality of life (HRQL) scores and postoperative hospital LOS in a cohort of patients undergoing surgery for CRC. Methods. Seventy patients with biopsy-proven CRC were enrolled in an IRB-approved, prospective study. Information was collected concerning standard perioperative variables. Prior to surgery, all patients also completed the CRC-specific module of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT-C). Perioperative variables and FACT-C scores were compared with LOS in both univariate and multivariate analysis. LOS for those patients scoring in the lowest quartile on FACT-C was compared with LOS for patients scoring in the remaining quartiles. Results. Median length of stay for the entire group was 6 (range 3–25) days. In univariate analysis, surgical complications (10.6 vs 6.6 days; P = 0.001) and with poorer FACT-C individual scale scores for Physical Well-Being (9.1 vs 7.3 days; P = 0.04), Functional Well-Being (9.6 vs 7.1 days; P = 0.006), and Colorectal Cancer Concerns (9.5 vs 7.1 days; P = 0.01) were all significantly associated with increased length of stay. In multivariate analysis, surgical morbidity (OR = 5.6; 95% CI 1.5–21.4), age >72 (OR = 6.0; 95% CI 1.6–23.5), and low FACT-C total score (OR = 4.2; 95% CI 1.1–15.6) were independently associated with increased LOS. Conclusions. Pretreatment HRQL scores as measured by FACT-C may be of benefit in the prediction of LOS. Such information may be an important and currently neglected means of risk-adjusting populations undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer for this outcome.
Montpellier and Genoa: The dilemma of dominance

Abstract During the high and late middle ages, Genoa was a dominant force in Mediterranean commerce. This study examines the relationship between Genoa and the Southern French town of Montpellier in three historical eras: the twelfth century to about 1180; from the 1180s to about 1270; and from 1270 through the mid-fourteenth century. In the first era Genoa, along with Pisa, exercised economic hegemony over the coast of Southern France. In the second period, Montpellier gradually emancipated itself from Genoese commercial control. In the third era interaction between Montpellier and Genoa became increasingly complex because of the growth of French influence in Languedoc. The French monarchy sought to control southern French commerce with a requirement in 1278 that Italian merchants reside in Nimes and trade through Aigues-Mortes, and later in the 1330s with the offer of a transport monopoly over goods from southern France to Genoese admirals Doria and Grimaldi. Montpellier resisted these French efforts, invoking its commercial independence and political allegiance to the Majorcan king. By the mid-fourteenth century Genoese pretensions to commercial dominance over Montpellier were hollow reminders of the past, but the Genoese legacy of business technology remained strong.
Surface Outflow in Optically Thick Dust Disks by Radiation Pressure

We study the outflow of dust particles on the surface layers of optically thick disks. At the surface of disks around young stars, small dust particles (size 10 μm) experience stellar radiation pressure support and orbit more slowly than the surrounding gas. The resulting tailwind imparts energy and angular momentum to the dust particles, moving them outward. This outflow occurs in the thin surface layer of the disk that is exposed to starlight, and the outward mass flux is carried primarily by particles of size ~0.1 μm. Beneath the irradiated surface layer, dust particles experience a headwind, which drives them inward. For the specific case of a minimum-mass solar nebula, less than a thousandth of the dust mass experiences outward flow. If the stellar luminosity is 15 times brighter than the Sun, however, or if the gas disk mass is as small as ~100 M⊕, then the surface outflow can dominate the inward flux in certain radial ranges, leading to the formation of rings or gaps in the dust disks.
Analysing Roll Calls of the European Parliament: A Bayesian Application

This article explores the performance of a Bayesian application of spatial voting models to the roll calls of the Fifth European Parliament (EP). Focusing on two distinct voting behaviours of membe...
Phosphorus-deficiency Symptoms in Tobacco and Transpirational Water Loss

PHOSPHORUS-DEFICIENCY symptoms have been described for tobacco1 and have been duplicated here in solution culture with the ‘Virginia Gold’ variety. The symptoms, however, do not develop until a weather condition permits a high rate of transpiration. It is under this condition that the spotting and scorching of the lower leaves of tobacco plants occur. Until there was a stress there were no visual symptoms present.
Discourse markers and the PA/SN distinction

Many languages have two types of adversative sentence conjunctions (e.g. Spanish, German). These are normally referred to as PA and SN conjunctions. However, while PA conjunctions can be used as discourse markers (DMs) in dialogal discourse, SN conjunctions such as those found in Spanish and German cannot be used in dialogues. Thus the PA/SN distinction does not extend fully to the dialogal realm. Using data from another Spanish DM, I argue that the PA/SN distinction can be extended beyond the monologal realm of sentence conjunction to the realm of adversative discourse markers employed in dialogal discourse. The findings have implications for the question of functional equivalence across different types of discourse.
Spatiotemporal Variation in Survival of Male Yellow-Bellied Marmots

Abstract Variation in vital demographic (e.g., survival) rates of males can influence population dynamics, but the male segment of the population is frequently ignored in ecological studies of mammals. Using a multistate capture–mark–recapture model and 44 years (1962–2006) of data from 17 habitat patches, we investigated spatial and temporal variation in age-specific survival rates of male yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) in Colorado. We hypothesized that apparent survival rate of juvenile males would show the greatest spatial and temporal variation as younger animals are more susceptible to extrinsic environmental factors, survival of yearling males would vary over space because of documented spatial variation in dispersal patterns, and survival of adults would be less variable than that of juveniles or yearlings and would vary over space because of demonstrated spatial variation in site quality. Our results revealed that, as predicted, the survival of juveniles varied over time and among s...
An analysis of noninstrumented posterolateral lumbar fusions performed in predominantly geriatric patients using lamina autograft and beta tricalcium phosphate.

Abstract Background context The artificial bone-volume expander, beta tricalcium phosphate (B-TCP, Vitoss, OrthoVita, Malvern, PA), is increasingly used to supplement autograft in posterolateral lumbar fusions. Purpose To determine fusion rates/outcomes using B-TCP/autograft. Study design/setting Fusion rates and outcomes were assessed for 60 predominantly geriatric patients undergoing multilevel lumbar laminectomies and 1- to 2-level noninstrumented fusions using B-TCP/autograft. Patient sample Patients on average were 70 years old. Outcome measures Odom's criteria and Short-Form 36 (SF-36) outcomes were studied 2 years postoperatively. Methods Sixty patients underwent an average of 5.4-level laminectomies with 1- to 2-level noninstrumented fusions. Based on dynamic X-ray/magnetic resonance/computed tomography (CT) studies, laminectomies addressed multilevel stenosis (60 patients), ossification of the yellow ligament (46 patients), disc herniations (20 patients), or synovial cysts (8 patients), and fusions addressed degenerative spondylolisthesis (48 patients), spondylolisthesis/lysis (2 patients), or degenerative scoliosis (10 patients). The fusion mass on each side contained half of all harvested autograft combined with one to 1.5 strips of B-TCP (saturated in 10 cc of bone marrow aspirate/strip). Fusion rates were documented by two independent neuroradiologists using both dynamic X-rays, and thin-cut CT (2-dimensional/3-dimensional CT) studies obtained up to 2 years postoperatively. Odom's criteria and SF-36 outcomes were assessed over the same interval. Results Pseudarthrosis was documented in nine (15%) patients. Two years postoperatively, Odom's criteria revealed 28 excellent, 23 good, 5 fair, and 4 poor results, whereas SF-36 data revealed improvement on 6 of 8 Health Scales in all patients. Conclusions A 15% pseudarthrosis rate followed multilevel laminectomy and 1- to 2-level noninstrumented posterolateral fusion using lamina autograft/B-TCP.
Getting the most from an algorithms design course: a personal experience

The most significant goal of an algorithm design course is to prepare students to solve general problems that they will encounter later in their lives. Departments usually offer such courses at the upper undergraduate and graduate levels. Today, compared to three decades ago, we have numerous texts on this and similar courses. The authors of these textbooks suggest different ways to organize their material to suit a variety of audiences. This paper deals with the following. How can we ensure that our students will acquire the necessary skills and abilities to solve general problems? We do this by tying the assessments to the objectives and aims of the course. We list some of the most desirable outcomes for this course, suggest possible ways to assess them based on our experience, and do assessments in a way to foster the confidence they need to handle general problems.
Enhanced nasal absorption of hydrophilic markers after dosing with AT1002, a tight junction modulator.

Abstract AT1002 is a six-mer synthetic peptide, H-FCIGRL-OH, that retains the delta G and Zot biological activity of reversibly opening tight junctions and increases the paracellular transport of drugs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible use of AT1002 in enhancing the nasal availability of macromolecules using large paracellular markers as model agents. Male Sprague–Dawley rats cannulated in the jugular vein were randomly assigned to receive radiolabelled paracellular markers, [ 14 C]PEG4000 or [ 14 C]inulin, with/without AT1002, for each intranasal study. The plasma concentration of PEG4000 with AT1002 (10 mg/kg) was significantly higher than that from PEG4000 control over 360 min following intranasal administration. The AUC 0–360 min and C max from the PEG4000/AT1002 (10 mg/kg) treatment were statistically ( p p p 0–360 min and C max over control were observed, respectively. AT1002 significantly increased the nasal absorption of molecular weight markers, PEG4000 and inulin. This study suggests that AT1002 may be used to enhance the systemic availability of macromolecules when administered concurrently.
From PDF to MP3: Motivations for creating derivatives

With increasing frequency, authors are licensing their works in such a way so as to permit others to create derivative works. In some cases, these derivatives extend the impact of a work by providing a translation into another language or modifying the file format to make it more accessible. The Internet is increasing people’s ability to create and distribute these derivatives. Seventeen creators of derivatives were surveyed on their motivations for doing so. They indicated that they were willing to create derivatives that extend the original content of a book because they want to help others access the work. Nearly all the people surveyed indicated they were glad they had created derivative works, often feeling like they were part of a community effort to share the work with others. These creators of derivatives believe that as awareness of open licenses increases others will be encouraged to create derivative works.
Molecular Determinants Conferring α-Toxin Resistance in Recombinant DNA-derived Acetylcholine Receptors

Sequences of the α-subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from the snake and mongoose contain several differences in the region between amino acids 183 and 200. Receptors from both of these species reveal resistance to the snake α-toxins presumably arising as a protective evolutionary mechanism. Sequence differences include the added glycosylation signals at residue 187 in the mongoose and at residues 189 and 111 in snake. Although previous observations with peptides and fusion proteins either synthesized chemically or in a bacterial expression system indicate that certain amino acid residues may contribute to the resistance, our findings with the intact receptor in an eukaryotic expression system indicate the major role for glycosylation. In this study, we show that addition of glycosylation signals gives rise to virtually complete glycosylation at the added sites, although heterogeneity of oligosaccharide processing is evident. By analysis of combinations of mutants, we document that glycosylation exerts the predominant influence on α-toxin binding. Substitutions at other residues are largely without influence as single mutations but appear to decrease affinity further in multiple mutants, particularly where the receptor is glycosylated at the 187 and 189 positions. Glycosylation exerts a major influence on the dissociation as well as the association rates of the α-toxin-receptor complex, suggesting that the decrease for α-toxin affinity is not simply a consequence of restricted diffusional access, rather glycosylation affects the conformation and stability of the bound complex.
Harnessing Yarrowia lipolytica lipogenesis to create a platform for lipid and biofuel production.

Bio-based production of oils and lipids could potentially provide a sustainable fuel alternative to petroleum. Here, the authors show that Yarrowia lipolytica’s metabolism can be rewired to saturate cells with upwards of 90% lipid content and significantly increase lipid production.
Fibroblast lines expressing activated c-myc oncogenes are tumorigenic in nude mice and syngeneic animals

The influence of c-myc expression on fibroblast growth and morphology was investigated by transfection of c-myc genes linked to viral promoters. No foci were observed after transfection of either NIH/3T3 or Rat 2 cells. Cell lines containing activated c-myc genes were established using SV2-neo coselection and several growth parameters of the cells were studied. The cells showed a slight increase in refractility and formed colonies in soft agar with an efficiency of only 1%-2%. The c-myc-transfected cells grew well in 0.5% serum while the controls did not. The major difference in cell growth noted was that c-myc-transfected cells were tumorigenic when inoculated into nude mice or syngeneic rats. Analysis of RNA from the tumorigenic cells showed a level of c-myc expression from the transfected genes that was 2 to 6 fold higher than that from the endogenous gene. The level of c-myc RNA in the fibroblast tumors was similar to that found in mouse plasmacytomas. Expression of the endogenous c-myc gene was unaffected by the transfected genes for subconfluent cells in culture, but the gene was shut off in the nude mouse tumors. These results demonstrate that constitutive c-myc expression leads to tumorigenicity in immortalized cell lines.
The role of border newspapers in Mexico: A case study of five Tijuana Dailies

As scholars focus increasingly on the border of Mexico and the United States, issues related to economics, politics, health, immigration and, culture dominate. Little emphasis, however, has been placed on border communication. How peoples of the border -- both in Mexico and in the United States -- receive their knowledge and information about this vast region, of which they are a part, appears to offer rich insight into opinion formation, perceptions of the border, perceptions of one's own country and one's neighbors. There has been a considerable amount of research conducted on how the U.S. media function and on how consumers use the media. A lesser amount of research, although still considerable, has been conducted on the Mexican use of media. Little research, however, has been done on border media comparisons, an area of considerable challenge. This conspicuous absence of research may be due in part to a lack of interest of both Mexican and U.S. media scholars, but may also be the result of the difficulty of comparison of media on the two sides of the border, stemming from a lack of structure in which meaningful comparisons can be made. In an effort to gain a preliminary understanding of border media and to begin to formulate a systematic agenda for study, the focus of this article is an examination of Mexican border journalism to determine if its practitioners perceive it to be different from or similar to journalism practiced in non-border areas of Mexico. While this study does not attempt directly to address the problem of transborder media comparisons, the framework of analysis used here could be applied to the more difficult problem of transborder comparisons.
WIRELESS NETWORKING IN AN UNDERSERVED NEIGHBORHOOD: ETHNOGRAPHIC METHODS FOR UNDERSTANDING TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE

In the spring of 2006, a Houston medical researcher solicited our help in understanding how residents living in Pecan Park, an East Houston neighborhood, seek health care, perceive their neighborhood, and use technology. An ethnographic perspective was needed for the development of an hand-held electronic heart monitoring device (similar to a Sony PSP) that would enable patients to better manage their health1. We would identify the people, places and things that residents trust and where they go for local health care and support. The medical team would then coordinate with a Community Health Worker (CHW) program to provide local support to users of the device, or train particular residents to become CHWs.
Three‐dimensional ultrasound of fetal surface features

This paper presents preliminary results of techniques which permit acquisition and display of three-dimensional fetal anatomy using ultrasound image data collected as two-dimensional planar images with commercially available equipment. A precision translational stage was used which permitted the transducer position and orientation in the volume to be accurately determined. Ultrasound video image data were digitized into a personal computer together with transducer position and orientation information. All image and position data were subsequently transferred to a graphics workstation. Gray-scale ultrasound data were three-dimensionally filtered, thresholded and analyzed using maximum intensity, variable transparency and surface rendering techniques to evaluate the fetal surface. Images of arbitrary orientation were displayed interactively on a graphics workstation. Our results demonstrate the potential of three-dimensional ultrasound as a technique for visualization of fetal surfaces, extremities and internal anatomy. Three-dimensional ultrasound offers potential advantages over existing diagnostic methods since it is non-invasive and offers interactive review and viewing optimization after fetal scanning. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Men’s Self-Reported Descriptions and Precipitants of Domestic Violence Perpetration as Reported in Intake Evaluations

This study examines descriptions and precipitants of domestic violence events, as reported by 24 males in intake interviews for a domestic violence treatment program. Six categories were derived for men’s descriptions/explanations of violent incidents and 11 categories were derived for precipitants of violence. Men’s accounts of their violent interactions reveal a wider range of descriptions than those often discussed in the literature, including direct acknowledgment and remorse. The most frequently reported precipitants were arguments regarding children/pets, violence of partner, alcohol use, overwhelming emotions, and arguments regarding jealousy; these were consistent with previously identified precipitants. Kappas indicated that rates of interrater agreement for descriptions and precipitants reached acceptable reliability. Results extend the widely-cited findings on men’s self-appraisals of intimate partner violence and support past work on proximal factors that elicit violent partner responses. We propose a taxonomy of proximal antecedents of intimate partner violence to integrate present findings with previous research.
W condensates, magnetic flux tubes and monopole confinement

Abstract We show that the condensation of W bosons considered by A. Linde leads to photons acquiring an “anisotropic”. This results in the existence of magnetic flux tubes which leads to a linear, confining potential for magnetic monopoles. Possible cosmological consequences are discussed.
Indentation Deformation and Fracture of Sapphire

Relatively little is known about the fundamental deformation processes in intrinsically hard, brittle materials, and even less about how these processes lead to the initiation of cracks. In this paper, transmission electron microscopy is used to study the deformation structure within Vickers indentation zones of single-crystal sapphire with {} surface orientation. The relative misorientation of regions within these zones, as mapped by convergent-beam kikuchi patterns, is found to be severe, indicative of shear processes operating close to the cohesive limit. Two principal types of deformation are identified, basal twinning and pyramidal slip. Incipient microcracks are observed at both the twin interfaces and the slip planes. These incipient “flaws” act as nucleation sites for the ensuing radial and lateral cracks.
Review of stability measurements for frying oils and fried food flavor

Measurements of degradation in frying oils based on oil physical properties and volatile and nonvolatile decomposition products were reviewed. Rapid methods by means of test kits were also considered. Factors that affect the analysis of total polar components (TPC) in frying oils were examined. Relationships between TPC, free fatty acid (FFA) content, Food Oil Sensor readings (FOS), color change (ΔE), oil fry life and fried-food flavor were evaluated. Flavor scores for codfish, fried in fresh and discarded commercial frying oil blends, were dependent upon individuals in the consumer panel (n=77). Part (n=29) of the panel preferred the flavor of fresh fat; others (n=24) didn't; the rest (n=24) had no preference. FFA, FOS and TPC were analyzed in two soybean oils and in palm olein during a four-day period in which french fries were fried. Flavor score and volatiles of potatoes fried on days 1 and 4 in each oil were also determined. TPC, FFA and FOS significantly increased (P<0.05) in all oils during the frying period. TPC and FFA were highest in the used palm olein, and flavor of potatoes fried in palm olein on day 1 was less desirable than those fried in the soybean oils. Potatoes fried in day-1 oils had significantly higher concentrations (P<0.10) of several pyrazines and aldehydes than those fried in day-4 oils.
Pyourachus: Ct manifestations

Objective: To assess CT findings of pyourachus. Materials and Methods: Computed tomography of two patients with surgically proven pyourachus was reviewed. Results: The CT characteristics of pyourachus include (a) midline location deep to the rectus abdominis muscle; (b) conical shape extending from a tip at the umbilicus to a base over the bladder dome; (c) peripheral inflammatory changes in subcutaneous tissues, rectus abdominis muscle, and mesenteric fat; and (d) intraperitoneal fluid or abscess (if perforation has occurred). Conclusion: Abdominal CT demonstrates characteristic findings in pyourachus that should allow differentiation from other abdominal-pelvic masses
On the generation of internal waves beneath sea ice by a moving load

Abstract In this paper we analyze the internal waves generated in a two-layer model of an ice-covered polar ocean or lake by a moving, steady or vibrating load. For a sufficiently slow speed, the steady load produces waves on the interface that are trapped near the load; above a critical speed these interfacial waves are larger ahead of the load than behind it. For a vibrating load surface and interfacial waves always exist and no waves are trapped. A load that moves very slowly and vibrates with a long period may resonantly excite internal waves. Although atmospheric boundary layer winds may excite waves in sea ice, the resulting internal waves are too small to be an important mechanism in the generation of observed internal waves in polar oceans.
Practical reason and statutory interpretation

Again, the point about the impossibility of blending the normative and the descriptive is a point about ontology, not epistemology. With respect to epistemology, such blending is quite plausible. For example, if statutes were deemed ontologically to consist of, say, the intentions of the legislators, suitably described and aggregated, the best evidence of those intentions might be some combination of the words used (descriptive), what the legislators said about the statute (descriptive), the social conditions (descriptive), and what a legislature would be morally justified in doing about those conditions (normative). Each item is some evidence of the legislative intentions, but there may be no algorithm for combining those items. On the other hand, it makes no sense at all to say that as an ontological matter, the statute is some unstructured combination of those items. Without a lexical or some other structuring of normative and descriptive concerns, their blending places statutes in the realm of ultra-queer ontological entities.
Factor VII deficiency.

This report describes three patients with factor (F) VII deficiency: two adult siblings and an unrelated 5½-month-old child who succumbed after several central nervous system (CNS) hemorrhages. This event prompted a review of the literature concerning the incidence and characteristics of intracranial hemorrhage in congenital F VII deficiency. Of 138 patients reported to have F VII deficiency, only 75 were considered to have a true deficiency. There was a 1:1 sex distribution with a 19% incidence of consanguinity in the 63 families which these 75 patients represented. CNS hemorrhage occurred in 12 of the 75 proven factor-deficient patients – an incidence of 16.0%. There was a 1.4:1 female predominance in this group, with a 44.4% incidence of consanguinity in their nine families. Except for one patient with hypertension, there was no history of preceding trauma or previous underlying CNS abnormality, though head trauma with a difficult vaginal delivery may have occurred in five infants. Diagnostic lumbar puncture or ventricular tap revealed bloody, xanthochromic cerebrospinal fluid in five. Five patients with F VII deficiency developed a CNS hemorrhage prior to 1 week of age, and none survived. Seven patients older than 1 week of age suffered such an event, and four of these survived. It is concluded that the greatest risk factor for development of CNS hemorrhage is trauma related to the birth process.
Comparison of time-dependent density-functional theory and coupled cluster theory for the calculation of the optical rotations of chiral molecules.

A comparison of the abilities of time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) and coupled cluster (CC) theory to reproduce experimental sodium D-line specific rotations for 13 conformationally rigid organic molecules is reported. The test set includes alkanes, alkenes, and ketones with known absolute configurations. TDDFT calculations make use of gauge-including atomic orbitals and give origin-independent specific rotations. CC rotations are computed using both the origin-independent dipole-velocity and origin-dependent dipole-length representations. The mean absolute deviations of calculated and experimental rotations are of comparable magnitudes for all three methods. The origin-independent DFT and CC methods give the same sign of [α]D for every molecule except norbornanone. For every large-rotation ketone and alkene for which DFT and CC yield the incorrect sign as compared to liquid-phase experimental data, the corresponding optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) curve is bisignate, suggesting that the ...
Carcinoma of unknown primary with a colon-cancer profile—changing paradigm and emerging definitions

Summary Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP), which accounts for about 3–5% of all new cancers, is a challenging heterogeneous entity with an unmet research need. Traditionally, CUP has been managed with broad-spectrum chemotherapy, but with the increasing availability of sophisticated diagnostic techniques and the emergence of new treatments that have been shown to be effective in specific cancers the one-treatment-fits-all approach to CUP might eventually no longer be valid. CUP in association with a colon-cancer profile (CCP-CUP) is an example of an emerging, specific CUP subset that seems to benefit from a tailored approach. CCP-CUP is identified by CK20 and CDX2-positive and CK7-negative immunohistochemistry and a clinical course consistent with that of patients known to have metastatic colon cancer. Our findings suggest that patients with CCP-CUP derive substantial benefit from the use of specific treatments developed for colon cancer and larger clinical trials are warranted to more definitely test this finding. In the era of molecular profiling, we expect that additional work with CCP-CUP and other CUP subsets will provide attractive tailored treatment alternatives, with efficacies that exceed the current one-treatment-fits-all approach.
Coarse grain modeling of spall failure in molecular crystals: role of intra-molecular degrees of freedom

We use a recently developed thermodynamically accurate mesodynamical method (Strachan and Holian 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 014301) where groups of atoms are represented by mesoparticles to characterize the shock compression and dynamical failure (spall) of a model molecular crystal. We characterize how the temperature rise caused by the shockwave depends on the specific heat of the degrees of freedom (DoFs) internal to the mesoparticles (Cint) and the strength of the coupling between the internal DoFs and the mesoparticles. We find that the temperature of the shocked material decreases with increasing Cint and decreasing coupling and quantify these effects. Our simulations also show that the threshold for plastic deformation (the Hugoniot elastic limit) depends on the properties of the internal DoFs while the threshold for failure is very insensitive to them. These results have implications on the results of all-atom MD simulations, whose classical nature leads to a significant overestimation of the specific heat of molecular materials.
Rethinking Realism with a Constructivist Twist

Theories of International Cooperation and the Primacy of Anarchy: Explaining U.S. International Monetary Policy-Making after Bretton Woods. By Jennifer Sterling-Folker. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002. 308 pp., $75.50 cloth (ISBN: 0-7914-5207-7), $25.95 paper (ISBN: 0-7914-5208-5). Jennifer Sterling-Folker's Theories of International Cooperation and the Primacy of Anarchy proposes a bold rethinking of realism. The book argues that realism has substantial explanatory potential, despite its limitations. Sterling-Folker then suggests how these limitations can be usefully addressed by synthesizing realism with constructivist elements. Finally, she uses this “realist-constructivist” theory to explain US international monetary policy after Bretton Woods—a period that Sterling-Folker argues is inadequately explained by liberal theories of international cooperation and interdependence. Given the current debate in the field regarding realism's continued explanatory relevance as a paradigm, as well as the debates between neoliberal institutionalists and constructivists regarding the nature of international institutions, Theories of International Cooperation and the Primacy of Anarchy is timely and should be of interest to students of international relations and international political economy—whether they be advanced undergraduates, graduate students, or professionals. Furthermore, the book has a breadth of theoretical vision that is quite admirable. However, Sterling-Folker's critique of liberal theories of cooperation is not always satisfying, and her exposition of “realist-constructivist” theory raises more questions than it answers. As if to answer the question that Jeffrey Legro and Andrew Moravcsik (1999) posed: “Is Anybody Still a Realist?,” Sterling-Folker argues in chapter 3 that realism is not only analytically coherent, but it also has analytical applicability beyond systemic factors. Her claim is that anarchy, in neoclassical realist thought, is an immutable factor that provides incentives for groups to form and to compete with each other. In essence, groups form because they …
Osteopontin, angiogenesis and multiple myeloma.

The significance of Osteopontin (OPN) and angiogenesis in the pathogenesis and the progression of hematological malignancies is highlighted in a paper by Colla et al.1 In this article, Colla et al, expand their studies on bone marrow (BM) angiogenesis2, 3 in an attempt to describe the role of OPN in multiple myeloma (MM). In an in vitro angiogenesis assay system, authors demonstrate that conditioned media from MM cells has a proangiogenic effect and OPN is critical for this outcome (Figure 5). The Runt family of transcription factors (RUNX1/AML1, RUNX2 and RUNX3) can regulate OPN expression.4, 5, 6 By comparing the expression profiles and DNA-binding activity of RUNX1/AML1 and RUNX2 in primary and MM cell lines, the authors speculate that RUNX2 is a regulator of OPN expression in MM cells (Figure 2). Using small interfering RNA to silence RUNX2 expression in MM cells authors confirmed that indeed RUNX2 is indispensable for OPN expression (Figure 3). Their preliminary analysis with newly diagnosed MM patients highlights a strong correlation between active RUNX2/Cbfa1 protein expression with OPN production and BM angiogenesis.
Mitochondria, oxidative stress, and temporal lobe epilepsy

Summary Mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction are contributing factors to various neurological disorders. Recently, there has been increasing evidence supporting the association between mitochondrial oxidative stress and epilepsy. Although certain inherited epilepsies are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, little is known about its role in acquired epilepsies such as temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction are emerging as key factors that not only result from seizures, but may also contribute to epileptogenesis. The occurrence of epilepsy increases with age, and mitochondrial oxidative stress is a leading mechanism of aging and age-related degenerative disease, suggesting a further involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in seizure generation. Mitochondria have critical cellular functions that influence neuronal excitability including production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), fatty acid oxidation, control of apoptosis and necrosis, regulation of amino acid cycling, neurotransmitter biosynthesis, and regulation of cytosolic Ca 2+ homeostasis. Mitochondria are the primary site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production making them uniquely vulnerable to oxidative stress and damage which can further affect cellular macromolecule function, the ability of the electron transport chain to produce ATP, antioxidant defenses, mitochondrial DNA stability, and synaptic glutamate homeostasis. Oxidative damage to one or more of these cellular targets may affect neuronal excitability and increase seizure susceptibility. The specific targeting of mitochondrial oxidative stress, dysfunction, and bioenergetics with pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments may be a novel avenue for attenuating epileptogenesis.
On the zero dynamics of one class of distributed discrete systems

For a class of two-parameter discrete systems with scalar input and output variables, we construct a feedback and a subspace L of initial conditions that is invariant under a closed system and such that all the solutions from this subspace make the output function vanish. We propose two methods of constructing equations with the phase space L that determine such solutions.
Male sexual health during adolescence and young adulthood: contemporary issues

Abstract The sexual health of young men is often neglected by health care systems that assume healthy developmental trajectories. Clinical morbidities and sexual concerns are not uncommon among sexually emerging young men. Sexually-transmitted infections, transient sexual dysfunction and lack of screening for genitourinary abnormalities contribute to this morbidity. This article discusses common sexual issues and concerns of adolescents and young adult men encountered in a clinical practice devoted to men in this age group. The holistic model of care is described. Key issues and updated clinical approaches are discussed. Health care services and education focused on the sexual health of young men improves early detection of disease, prevents morbidity and promotes healthier sexual lifestyles.
Photoelectron spectrum of hypofluorous acid, HOF

Abstract The photoelectron spectrum of HOF has been obtained with He I resonance radiation. Three bands were observed, which can be interpreted by analogy to the diatomic halogens, and to the recently reported CIF. The first two bands can be identified with the out-of-plane and in-plane components of the π g -like outermost orbital of the diatomic halogens, split by the C s symmetry of HOF. The first ionization potential is found to be 12.69 ± 0.03 eV, in close agreement with the photoionization value 12.71 ± 0.01 eV.
Thermospheric temperatures above Poker Flat, Alaska, during the stratospheric warming event of January and February 2009

[1] We report observations of neutral and ion temperatures at approximately 240 km altitude above Poker Flat, Alaska, taken during the stratospheric warming event of January and February 2009. Neutral temperatures were recorded by a single-etalon Fabry-Perot spectrometer observing the nighttime airglow and aurora at 630 nm wavelength, whereas ion temperatures were obtained with the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar, mostly during daylight. Neutral and ion temperatures generally tracked each other closely; both data sets exhibited a similar overall seasonal trend during January to April 2009 and even showed similar short-term day-to-day fluctuations. Further, the daily fluctuations correlated highly with geomagnetic activity. Both the short-term temperature fluctuations and their overall seasonal trend matched expectations based on the MSIS model evaluated for this period at hourly intervals. A cooling response was seen in neutral temperature over a 2–3 week period during the main phase of the stratospheric warming. The magnitude of this cooling was around 50 K relative to the seasonal trend. A corresponding signature was also discernible in the ion temperatures, although it was less prominent than the neutral response. This was largely because the cooling was masked by ion temperature perturbations driven by magnetic activity. The strength of the response in ion temperature was observed to depend on the local time of the observations, which is consistent with results presented previously.
Mutations in the V2 vasopressin receptor gene are associated with X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

X–linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a rare disorder in which the kidney is insensitive to the antidiuretic hormone, vasopressin. It has been proposed that the kidney–specific V2 vasopressin receptor, a G protein–coupled receptor, is defective in this disorder as both the disease and the receptor map to Xq28. We report six unique mutations in the V2 receptor gene of five unrelated NDI patients, with one patient having two mutations. The most severely affected patient has a nonsense mutation which would terminate the protein in transmembrane domain III. Other mutations include three missense mutations, a frameshift and one small in–frame deletion. These results represent one of the first examples of recessive mutations affecting a G protein–coupled receptor.
The use of photographic exposure meters as photometers

Photographic exposure meters may be used to take reasonably accurate photometric measurements for laboratory purposes if corrections for deviations of the photosensitive elements from the spectral response of CIE standard observer are made. A series of nomographs which directly convert exposure meter readings to log foot Lamberts are provided for the two most commonly available types of meter. These nomographs incorporate the required corrections for both source and cell characteristics.
Psychosocial Influences on Bisexual Women's Body Image: Negotiating Gender and Sexuality

Research on body image has focused almost exclusively on heterosexual women and lesbians, leaving bisexual women’s experiences largely ignored. The present study sought to gain an understanding of ...