cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enumeration of Matchings in the Incidence Graphs of Complete and Complete Bipartite Graphs

If G = (V, E) is a graph, the incidence graph I(G) is the graph with vertices $V\cup E$ and an edge joining $v\in V$ and $e\in E$ when and only when v is incident with e in G. For G equal to Kn (the complete graph on n vertices) or Kn,n (the complete bipartite graph on n + n vertices), we enumerate the matchings (sets of edges, no two having a vertex in common) in I(G), both exactly (in terms of generating functions) and asymptotically. We also enumerate the equivalence classes of matchings (where two matchings are considered equivalent if there is an automorphism of G that induces an automorphism of I(G) that takes one to the other).
An analysis of Neogene climates in Beringia

Abstract A newly developed multivariate analysis of foliar physiognomy provides accurate (valid) and precise (repeatable) data for nonmarine climates in Beringia. During the mid-Miocene thermal maximum, both summers and especially winters were warmer than now. A temperature decline at about 12–13 Ma involved decreases in both summer and winter temperatures, but summer temperatures appear to have decreased more than winter temperatures. During the interval from about 12 Ma to about 8 Ma, winter temperatures fluctuated, resulting in two apparent increases in mean annual temperature. When the counter-clockwise rotation of North America during this interval is factored in, overall mean annual temperature declined. Decrease in summer and winter temperatures at about 12–13 Ma can also be documented in the west Beringian (northeast Siberian) region. Although small size of known Beringian leaf assemblages younger than about 7 or 8 Ma precludes multivariate physiognomic analysis, general floristic analyses concomitant with inferences based on the sedimentary record suggest that, whereas summer temperatures had approximately reached their present-day levels by 5–6 Ma, winter temperatures continued to decline during the Pliocene.
Healing men and community: predictors of outcome in a men's initiatory and support organization.

Men have poorer health and declining social outcomes when compared to women, and research suggests that behaviors related to restrictive and traditional male gender roles contribute to this disparity. This study is an examination of The ManKind Project International (MKPI), a community-based organization that provides alternative male gender norms and a community support system to help reinforce them. The MKPI runs an intensive, experiential “Training Adventure Weekend” (TAW), followed by voluntary, on-going peer-led support and integration groups (I-Groups). One hundred men completed a pre-TAW questionnaire, an interview, and a long-term follow-up (>18 mo.) questionnaire. The study examined if there was change on the primary study variables at follow-up, and the relationship of background characteristics (age, self-help group experience) and factors related to participation (MKPI beliefs, social support, I-Group participation) to the criterion variables (depression symptoms, gender role conflict, and life satisfaction) at follow-up. Results indicated significant change in the expected directions on the primary study variables, suggesting that for these men, participation has a positive impact. Most importantly, changes in MKPI-related beliefs and social support significantly predicted positive outcomes. Also, more positive outcomes were found among men 30–44 years of age, but not among those with more prior self-help experience or I-Group participation. Possible explanations for these findings and directions for further research are discussed.
The effect of orientation within a chimeric peptide on the immunogenicity of Chlamydia trachomatis epitopes.

Peptides representing the Chlamydia trachomatis major outer membrane protein variable domains (VD) 1 and 4 of serovars C and E, respectively, have been shown to elicit a neutralizing antibody response in mice. To assess whether the position within a chimeric peptide influences the immunogenicity of the epitopes, two constructs, VD 1–4 and VD 4-1, were made in which the position of the VD relative to the amino and carboxy terminals were rotated. C57BL10 mice were immunized with 100 μg of peptide in complete Freund's adjuvant (FA) on day 0, followed by an immunization with peptide (100 μg) in incomplete FA on day 14. By day 21 the immunodominant epitope in both chimeras as measured by ELISA was the one located at the carboxy terminus. A pepscan of the VD 1–4 antisera revealed a main peak in VD 4 which had been previously identified by neutralizing MAbs. The VD 4-1 antisera gave a peak in the VD 1 region which did not correspond to regions previously mapped with neutralizing MAbs. The VD 1–4 antisera but not the VD 4-1 antisera was able to neutralize in vitro serovar E. In summary, the position of these chlamydial epitopes within a chimeric peptide greatly influenced the resulting immune response.
Prison Education in Utah: From "The Penwiper" to the "South Park Academy.".

(1990). Prison Education in Utah. Journal of Offender Counseling Services Rehabilitation: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 61-76.
Rediscovering the lost archaeological landscape of southern New England using airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR)

Recently, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data has been made publicly available for the states of Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island in New England, a geographic region in the northeastern United States. Despite the wide range of archaeological studies that have been undertaken with LiDAR on a global scale, few published studies exist in the United States, and no published studies exist for the northeastern US, which has a unique historical and geomorphological landscape. This landscape is densely forested, and archaeological studies in this region highlighting how humans have historically shaped the New England landscape can benefit greatly from the use of LiDAR. This paper contributes to the growing international dialogue regarding the use of LiDAR for archaeological studies by providing examples of features that have been discovered in this region, how these features can be interpreted in conjunction with historical documents and used for reconnaissance surveys, and how these interpretations can contribute to theoretical anthropological perspectives regarding how humans divide and use the landscape. Our analysis has positively identified numerous archaeological sites that have not been previously recorded by archaeological studies.
Spectroscopic sensitivity of real-time, rapidly induced phytochemical change in response to damage.

Summary ! An ecological consequence of plant‐herbivore interactions is the phytochemical induction of defenses in response to insect damage. Here, we used reflectance spectroscopy to characterize the foliar induction profile of cardenolides in Asclepias syriaca in response to damage, tracked in vivo changes and examined the influence of multiple plant traits on cardenolide concentrations. ! Foliar cardenolide concentrations were measured at specific time points following damage to capture their induction profile. Partial least-squares regression (PLSR) modeling was employed to calibrate cardenolide concentrations to reflectance spectroscopy. In addition, subsets of plants were either repeatedly sampled to track in vivo changes or modified to reduce latex flow to damaged areas. ! Cardenolide concentrations and the induction profile of A. syriaca were well predicted using models derived from reflectance spectroscopy, and this held true for repeatedly sampled plants. Correlations between cardenolides and other foliar-related variables were weak or not significant. Plant modification for latex reduction inhibited an induced cardenolide response. ! Our findings show that reflectance spectroscopy can characterize rapid phytochemical changes in vivo. We used reflectance spectroscopy to identify the mechanisms behind the production of plant secondary metabolites, simultaneously characterizing multiple foliar constituents. In this case, cardenolide induction appears to be largely driven by enhanced latex delivery to leaves following damage.
Sampling strategies for toxic air contaminants

Annual concentrations of toxic air contaminants are of primary concern from the perspective of chronic human exposure assessment and risk analysis. Despite recent advances in air quality monitoring technology, resource and technical constraints often impose limitations on the availability of a sufficient number of ambient concentration measurements for performing environmental risk analysis. Therefore, sample size limitations, representativeness of data, and uncertainties in the estimated annual mean concentration must be examined before performing quantitative risk analysis. In this paper, we discuss several factors that need to be considered in designing field-sampling programs for toxic air contaminants and in verifying compliance with environmental regulations. Specifically, we examine the behavior of SO2, TSP, and CO data as surrogates for toxic air contaminants and as examples of point source, area source, and line source-dominated pollutants, respectively, from the standpoint of sampling design. We demonstrate the use of bootstrap resampling method and normal theory in estimating the annual mean concentration and its 95% confidence bounds from limited sampling data, and illustrate the application of operating characteristic (OC) curves to determine optimum sample size and other sampling strategies. We also outline a statistical procedure, based on a one-sided t-test, that utilizes the sampled concentration data for evaluating whether a sampling site is compliance with relevant ambient guideline concentrations for toxic air contaminants.
Discography: Interpretation from a surgeon's perspective

The use of spinal discography has been controversial since its inception. Although its intended common uses and indications have changed over the decades, questions about its reliability and how to interpret results have persisted. As it has evolved from a primary diagnostic tool for spinal disc protrusions in the pre-computed tomography (CT) and pre-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) eras to a more limited role in evaluating the nature of suspected painful discs, the controversies have continued. Here, the author reviews the historical evolution of spinal discography and recent literature focused on the role of provocative discography in evaluating patients with neck pain and/or lower back pain. Currently available literature pertinent to this issue is summarized for lumbar, cervical, and thoracic discography. Many worthwhile studies are omitted from this literature review only to focus on those that relate directly to evaluating discography's role in screening potential patients for surgical intervention. The use of discography to identify patients for interventional pain procedures is not evaluated. How recent technology in spine surgery has affected current usage of discography is then reviewed. The author concludes by summarizing his current practice and opinions regarding discography.
Second neoplasms in pediatric patients with primary central nervous system tumors: the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital experience.

BACKGROUND Details on second neoplasms (SNs) following pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors are scant, because of the rarity of such SNs. The goal of the current study was to investigate and characterize these rare SNs. METHODS The authors reviewed clinical and treatment data on all institutional patients age < 22 years at diagnosis of a primary CNS tumor who developed any type of SN. Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 were excluded. Cumulative incidence rates were estimated, and putative risk factors were analyzed. RESULTS The SNs investigated in the current study included 10 gliomas (42%), 5 meningiomas (21%), 2 desmoid tumors, 2 myelodysplastic syndromes, 2 basal cell carcinomas, 1 leukemia, 1 malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and 1 thyroid carcinoma. Twenty-one patients had previously received radiotherapy, and 12 patients had received chemotherapy. The SN was related to a genetic cause in 7 patients (29%). Eleven patients died of their SNs, including 8 patients with glioma and 2 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. The estimated 15-year cumulative incidence rate for malignant SNs was 4%. Children with choroid plexus tumors had an estimated 10-year cumulative incidence rate of 20.2%; 2 of those patients had germline TP53 mutations. Age ≤ 2 years was a significant risk factor (P = 0.016) for development of an SN only when patients with genetic conditions were included in the analysis. No significant difference in the estimated cumulative incidence of SNs was found among patients who had received different types of therapy. CONCLUSIONS The risk of lethal SNs after pediatric CNS tumors is small. Young patients and patients with choroid plexus tumors appear to have an increased risk of SNs that is associated with genetic factors. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Regulation of CI− channels by multifunctional CaM kinase

Abstract cAMP kinase has been shown to mediate the cAMP pathway for regulation of CI − channels in lymphocytes, but the mediator of an alternative, Ca 2+ pathway has not been identified. We show here that Ca 2+ ionophore activates Cl − currents in cell-attached and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of Jurkat T lymphocytes, but this activation is not direct. The effect of Ca 2+ ionophore on whole-cell CI − currents is inhibited by a specific peptide inhibitor of multifunctional Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase). Furthermore, CI − channels are activated in excised patches by purified CaM kinase in a fashion that mimics the effect of Ca 2+ ionophore in cell-attached recordings. These results suggest that CaM kinase mediates the Ca 2+ pathway of CI − channel activation.
Incontinentia Pigmenti with Unusual Features

A case is presented of incontinentia pigmenti with severe neurological handicaps and unusual features such as single umbilical artery, pig mented lesion at birth, and biochemical changes including elevated alkaline phosphatase and immunoglobulin M.
Malate dehydrogenase. Kinetic studies with meso-tartrate and 2-keto-3-hydroxysuccinate, comparison of the mitochondrial and supernatant pig heart enzymes.

Abstract Initial rate, product inhibition, and isotope rate kinetic studies of pig heart mitochondrial and supernatant malate dehydrogenases, acting upon the nonphysiological substrates, meso -tartrate and 2-keto-3-hydroxysuccinate, are reported. The measured spontaneous keto-enol equilibrium for 2-keto-3-hydroxysuccinate in 0.05 m Tris-acetate (pH 8.0) at 25 °C favors the enol form, dihydroxyfumarate, with an apparent equilibrium constant of 0.036. The enzyme-catalyzed reaction favors meso -tartrate with an apparent equilibrium constant of 1.25 × 10 −6 , M −1 at pH 8.0. The mechanism apparently remains ordered bi bi for both enzymes when these nonphysiological substrates are used, and the chemical-converting hydride transfer step becomes more rate limiting for both enzymes. This conclusion is supported by V H V D and ( V H K H ) V D K D values of 2.6 and 3.1, respectively, for the mitochondrial enzyme and 1.9 and 2.9, respectively, for the supernatant enzyme.
Meat tenderness: distribution of molecular species of collagen in bovine muscle

The collagen of bovine striated muscle has been shown to be comprised of three genetically distinct types of collagen, the proportions of which vary from the tendon to the endomysium. Despite the variation in genetic type all three collagens are stabilised by lysine-derived cross-links. It is proposed that the change in the tenderness of meat at temperatures above 65°C is caused by the tension generated during thermal contraction of all three types of collagen and that the extent is determined by the thermal stability of the intermolecular cross-links. The relative contributions of each type of collagen remain to be elucidated.
Maternal stress, HPA activity, and fetal/infant outcome.

Preliminary conclusions from our research include the possibility that each of the HPA products evaluated, even though correlated (e.g., ACTH and beta E), may be linked to unique and specific outcomes. Maternal stress during the 28-30 weeks of gestation is associated with birth outcome. Increased levels of psychosocial stress were significantly related to gestational age at birth and infant birth weight. Maternal stress during the third trimester was associated with increased maternal plasma levels of ACTH and cortisol. This finding is consistent with possible mechanisms whereby psychosocial stress influences birth outcome. CRH controls the timing of labor and delivery. Precocious elevation of CRH is related to the risk of preterm delivery. This system may be "stress-sensitive." Even though pregnant women may be immunized from stress, the stress signal that is transmitted (release of ACTH and cortisol) is amplified by the placental release of CRH. This possibility has at least two consequences: (1) influencing the timing of delivery and (2) desensitization of hypophyseal corticotrophs and further "protection" of the pregnant women from the results of stress (i.e., release of ACTH and beta E). Beta E appears to influence fetal learning and perhaps the developing nervous system.
Cardiotonic activity of 9-Alpha fluorohydrocortisone.

Summary(1) Addition of 9-a FF in a concentration of 0.5-1.0 μg/ml results in a positive inotropic action, an increased uptake of intramuscular Na and loss of K. (2) In a concentration of 10-20 μg/ml, 9-a FF gives rise to a negative inotropic action, loss of intramuscular Na and an increased uptake of K. (3) Employing the isolated heart preparation, addition of 0.5 μg/ml of 9-a FF to the failing heart results in a partial recovery. Conversely, 10 μg/ml added to the ‘normal’ heart brings about failure quite rapidly. (4) A histological correlation of the reported results is shown. (5) The mechanism of action and significance are discussed.
Words of Reason

The linguistic turn in political science is an important step toward more sophisticated political knowledge. Greater awareness of political language implies attention to words such as reason. Reason is central to modern political discourse because of its historical and cultural importance and because of the contemporary dominance of the rational choice paradigm. Reason the concept therefore justifies closer scrutiny of reason the word. The meaning of reason is constructed as a variable. Standing by itself, reason seems relatively shapeless and empty; dictionary definitions are circular and tautological, although some subtle nuances derive from the network of reason's root words. Most of the variance in the meaning of reason is determined by other words that surround it, with a significant portion of reason's meaning being defined by its context. Anterior meaning shifters, nominal referents, spatiotemporal modifiers, and textual narrative all surround reason and fix it in a large lattice. The meaning of re...
Laboratory and field host preferences of introduced Cotesia spp. parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) between native and invasive Pieris butterflies.

Abstract In laboratory tests, Cotesia glomerata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) exhibited a clear preference in small cage tests for first or second instars of the native butterfly Pieris napi oleracea (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) vs larvae of the invasive non-native species Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), under both choice and no-choice test designs. Under the same conditions, Cotesia rubecula (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), either showed no preference (no-choice test) or preferred P. rapae (choice test). These laboratory data predict that both of these Cotesia species should attack P. napi oleracea and thus under modern biological control protocols, both should be rejected as candidate biological control agents (if they were being currently considered for introduction, rather than as is the case, already introduced, in North America). The predicted attack by C. glomerata on P. napi oleracea under field conditions was confirmed by field choice tests in which C. glomerata attack rates on P. napi were found to be fivefold greater than on P. rapae. In contrast, in the same field-based choice tests, attacks on P. napi by C. rubecula were never observed, even when and where attacks on P. rapae were consistently observed. This lack of attack on P. napi oleracea is unexplained at present and suggests a need for better understanding of the influences present in laboratory tests that are able to affect estimates of parasitoid host ranges. Such improvements are critical for future enhancement of safety in classical biological insect control.
THE PRIVATIZATION OF VIOLENCE

Norbert Elias's (1939) work on “the civilizing process” highlighted the long-term decline in violence within Western societies. A substantial amount of more recent anthropological and historical evidence suggests that violence has evolved not just quantitatively but qualitatively as well. In particular, the social characteristics of the parties to violence have changed over time. Drawing on Donald Black's (1976, 1993a) theoretical ideas on conflict management, the present paper proposes that as intimate social ties weakened and the state strengthened, collective and nonintimate forms of (nonpolitical) violence declined significantly. Consequently, violence increasingly became less public, more private. Pockets of residual public violence can, however, still be found within modern state societies. Privatization varies, then, across time and social space.
Low cycle fatigue crack propagation in hastelloy- X at 25 and 760 °C

Fatigue crack propagation tests were conducted on Hastelloy-X in air, at 25 °C and at 760 °C under controlled plastic strain amplitudes in the fully plastic low cycle fatigue regime. The crack growth rate data for different strain levels were correlated with the range of theJ integral ΔJ. The ΔJ values were calculated from finite element numerical solutions. It was found that the assumption thatda/dN =A(Δe ρ ) α a is only an approximation of the more general equationda/dN =B(ΔJ) α in a narrow range of crack lengths. It is shown that theoretical models predicting low cycle fatigue lives by integrating the fully plastic crack growth rates will be in error if the (da/dN, ΔJ) relationship is not used.
As(III) Removal by Palladium-Modified Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Oxide Nanoparticle Photocatalyst

Removal of arsenic species from water by palladium-modified nitrogen-doped titanium oxide (TiON/PdO) nanoparticles was investigated with and without visible light. For the first time, a high degree of As(III) removal under visible light illumination was demonstrated on oxide photocatalysts. Over 2 orders of magnitude decrease of As(III) concentration in water was observed in 1 h as the As(III) concentration was reduced below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standard (10 μg/L) by TiON/PdO photocatalyst. Such an efficient removal of As(III) was shown to result from the combined effects of strong adsorption and photooxidation by TiON/PdO, where an enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light illumination than nitrogen-doped titanium oxide (TiON) was derived from the strong optoelectronic coupling between PdO and TiON.
Variable clinical response to long-term angiotensin inhibition in severe heart failure: demonstration of additive benefits of alpha-receptor blockade.

Abstract The effects of long-term therapy with captopril (CPT) were studied in 11 patients with severe chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). At initiation of therapy, cardiac index increased from 1.88 ± 0.56 to 2.12 ± 0.60 L/min/m 2 ( p p
Purification of monoterpenyl glycosides by gel-permeation and hydrophobic-interaction chromatography on polyacrylamide (Bio-Gel P-2)☆

Abstract Hydrophobic interaction of the aglycone of monoterpenyl glycosides with the polyacrylamide matrix of Bio-Gel P-2 greatly retards the elution of these substances when chromatographed in dilute aqueous sodium chloride. This hydrophobic interaction is eliminated by inclusion of 15% acetonitrile in the eluant, thereby permitting conventional gel-permeation chromatography. Combination of these techniques by sequential chromatography on the same Bio-Gel column, in the hydrophobic interaction mode followed by the gel-permeation mode, provides a simple, yet mild and highly selective procedure for the purification of monoterpenyl glycosides from crude plant extracts. Examination of the chromatographic properties of β- d -glucopyranosides and β- d -galactopyranosides of a number of acyclic, monocyclic, and bicyclic monoterpenols indicates that the extent of hydrophobic interaction is of diagnostic value in determining the nature of the aglycone.
Flexible Estimation of Treatment Effect Parameters

A variety of treatment effect parameters, both conditional and unconditional measures, can be flexibly estimated using conventional regression techniques and conditional moment restrictions. This includes the parameters estimated by the popular approaches relying on propensity score matching and other weighting methods. Moreover, except in situations where propensity scores or weighting factors are known a priori, the regression and conditional moment methods presented here are statistically efficient bounds. Section I outlines the basic statistical problem underlying the estimation of treatment effects. Section II discusses the estimation of models that rely on a common identification strategy based on conditional independence. Section III addresses the important distinctions and relevant issues in estimating conditional versus unconditional treatment effect parameters. Section IV considers the case of endogenous treatments, and Section V concludes. I. Background
PUBLIC INFORMATION ON SOCIAL CHANGE: TV COVERAGE OF WOMEN IN THE WORKFORCE*

This article analyzes the thematic and visual content of ten years of nightly television news coverage of women in the workforce and employment discrimination. The authors find that the total amount of coverage is small, the visual context often undercuts the usually anti-discriminatory text, and NBC provided the most coverage. The possible sources of these patterns are examined: the elite newspaper agents, male domination of network news, decision-making, cultural definitions of event news, and consensus values and news controversy.
Vaginal wall inclusion cyst formation following a modified vaginal wall patch sling technique for patients with genuine stress incontinence

Abstract Introduction: The vaginal wall patch sling technique has been reported to have high success rates for the management of patients with genuine stress incontinence (GSI). However, the use of a vaginal patch buried underneath the vaginal wall could theoretically be complicated by inclusion cyst formation. Although the normal vagina does not possess any glands, the potential still exists for exudation and the retention of secretions and subsequent cyst formation. We investigated the long-term effects of burying the vaginal wall as part of the technique of vaginal wall patch sling for patients with GSI. Methods: A modified vaginal wall patch sling was uniformly performed by the same operator (first author) for 44 patients with a clinical and urodynamic diagnosis of GSI. The epithelium covering the vaginal patch was scrapped off using a scalpel. This was designed to minimize the potential risk for cyst formation. Results: Clinical follow-up ranged from 12 months to 5 years. The mean age of the patients was 45 ± 10.2 (range 38–63 years), and the mean parity was 3.4 ± 1.4. Fourteen of 37 patients were postmenopausal and 33 of 37 patients were sexually active. The incidence of cyst formation was 0%. Conclusion: We have not observed any cases of inclusion cyst formation up to 5 years of follow-up. It is conceivable, however, that longer follow-up may reveal cyst development. The present findings suggest that the risk for cyst formation following the vaginal wall patch sling technique appears to be minimal.
Reconstructing features of thick objects from phase images

Phase microscopy modalities are extensively used to image unstained transparent biological samples because of their ability to obtain high contrast images without exogenous agents. Quantitative phase techniques in particular provide valuable information that can be interpreted easily when the imaged object is optically thin, that is, when the thickness of the object is much less than the depth of field of the imaging system. However, many biological objects of interest have thicknesses comparable to or larger than the depth of field. This work focuses on the initial development of inversion techniques for phase images, in order to reconstruct features of thick transparent samples. We use a shape based iterative approach that assumes that the index of refraction inside the object can be approximated as piecewise constant. The case of thick homogeneous and inhomogeneous objects is examined. We assume that the boundary location of all inhomogeneities is known or can be obtained by preprocessing the image. Our goal is to estimate their unknown indices of refraction. We analyze the performance of the reconstruction when the thickness of the object is increased from 1 to 20 illumination wavelengths (0.633 micrometers). We simulate experiments using a objective lens with a numerical aperture of 0.5. Simulation results for objects with optical properties similar to real transparent biological samples are presented. The reconstructed indices of refraction have an error less than 5% compared to the true value.
The unification of mind: Integration of hemispheric semantic processing.

Seventy-six participants performed a visual half-field lexical decision task at two different stimulus onset asynchronies (50 or 750 ms). Word targets were primed either by a highly associated word (e.g., CLEAN-DIRTY), a weakly associated word (e.g., CLEAN-TIDY), or an unrelated word (e.g., CLEAN-FAMILY) projected to either the same or opposite visual field (VF) as the target. In the short SOA, RVF-left hemisphere primes resulted in high associate priming regardless of target location (ipsilateral or contralateral to the prime) whereas LVF-right hemisphere primes produced both high and low associate priming across both target location conditions. In the long SOA condition, contralateral priming patterns converged, demonstrating only high associate priming in both VF locations. The results of this study demonstrate the critical role of interhemispheric transfer in semantic processing and indicate a need to elaborate current models of semantic processing.
Structure and function of the mandibles of adult dung beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae)

Abstract The mouthparts of adult dung beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) are adapted for manipulation of soft, pasty food—usually the excrement of vertebrates. Nutrients are derived primarily from micro-organisms contained in the food and these must be broken up before ingestion. The mandibles, particularly the molar lobes, are designed to finely grind these particulates; the molae function as a mortar-pestle system, which mills the organic “grist” contained in the food by a combination of squeezing and grinding actions. The ability of the molae to finely grind food particles resides primarily in the structure of the molar surface, which consists of a series of ridges bearing rows of submicroscopic scrapers (“tritors”). The incisor lobes of the mandibles scrape food from the surfaces of the galeae and lacinae, which bring food into the preoral cavity. The structure of the mouthparts of Canthon pilularius (L.), which is described in detail, is basically the same as that of 10 other species examined. Those of Aphodius and Geotrupes are similar in some respects to those of scarabaeines but are obviously less well specialized for microphagy.
Only the Shadower knows: Comment on Hamburger and Slowiaczek (1996)

The phonological priming effect may reflect basic processes in spoken word perception and has thus been a central topic of recent research. In this journal, Hamburger and Slowiaczek (1996) reported phonological priming data collected in a shadowing task. They replicated a prior study (Slowiaczek & Hamburger, 1992), but added new procedures to minimize bias. After observing inhibitory priming in a “low-expectancy” condition, they concluded that facilitatory priming reflects perceptual/response bias, but that inhibitory priming reflects automatic processes of lexical access. This commentary critiques Hamburger and Slowiaczek’s method and presents new data that demonstrate persistent biases in primed shadowing. I suggest that such biases reflect natural, context- sensitive listening strategies.
On interfacial dynamics : capacitance transients accompanying partial desorption

Abstract Diffusion-controlled capacitance transients associated with adsorbate desorption have been observed and explained quantitatively.
T1ρ MRI of Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Classic symptoms of the disease include memory loss and confusion associated with the hallmark neuro-pathologic lesions of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and senile plaques (SP) and their sequelae, gray matter atrophy. Volumetric assessment methods measure tissue atrophy, which typically follows early biochemical changes. An alternate MRI contrast mechanism to visualize the early pathological changes is T1rho (or "T-1-rho"), the spin lattice relaxation time constant in the rotating frame, which determines the decay of the transverse magnetization in the presence of a "spin-lock" radio-frequency field. Macromolecular changes (in plaques and tangles) that accompany early AD are expected to alter bulk water T1rho relaxation times. In this work, we measure T1rho MRI on patients with clinically diagnosed AD, MCI and in age-matched cognitively normal control subjects in order to compare T1rho values with changes in brain volume in the same regions of the brain and demonstrate that T1rho can potentially constitute an important biomarker of AD.
Patients whose physicians recommend colonoscopy and those who follow through.

Background: More than half of eligible individuals are not up-to-date with colon cancer screening. Purpose: To assess the characteristics of those who received a colonoscopy screening recommendatio...
Synthesis of protein in the pancreas. III. Uptake of glycine-N15 by the trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen of mouse pancreas.

The uptake of glycine-N15 into the trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen of mouse pancreas is much higher than that into any ribonucleoprotein component of the pancreas that has so far been investigated.
Frequency-tunable external cavity terahertz quantum cascade laser

We demonstrate a tunable terahertz quantum cascade laser using an abutted silicon lens and grating feedback. The device tunes discontinuously over 160 GHz with a center frequency of 4.4 THz.
Accelerated testing for demonstration of product lifetime reliability

A reliability test is designed to simulate product lifetime usage and expectations. With the assumptions that the product reliability, as demonstrated in test, is a multiple of its reliabilities regarding various operational and environmental stresses and of their undetermined interaction, a well designed reliability test accounts for all operational and environmental cumulative exposures to the stresses that the product will encounter in the actual field use. To determine levels and durations of each of the separate stress to be applied in test they are assumed to be independent. The stress independency assumption allows determination of duration and intensity of each applied environmental or operational stress to prove product lifetime reliability regarding all expected stresses, while the tests are accelerated to allow for reasonable and cost effective length of test in that environment. This cannot be accomplished without detail knowledge of product's usage profile, sequence of operation, and expected use environments. The synergism or the test sequence is not disregarded as it will be the factor possibly contributing to lower demonstrated reliability.
Detecting Duplicates in Geoinformatics: from Intervals and Fuzzy Numbers to General Multi-D Uncertainty

Geospatial databases generally consist of measurements related to points (or pixels in the case of raster data), lines, and polygons. In recent years, the size and complexity of these databases have increased significantly and they often contain duplicate records, i.e., two or more close records representing the same measurement result. In this paper, we address the problem of detecting duplicates in a database consisting of point measurements. As a test case, we use a database of measurements of anomalies in the Earth's gravity field that we have compiled. In our previous papers (2003,2004), we have proposed a new fast (O(n ldr log(n))) duplication deletion algorithm for the case when closeness of two points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) is described as closeness of both coordinates. In this paper, we extend this algorithm to the case when closeness is described by an arbitrary metric. Both algorithms have been successfully applied to gravity databases.
The nature of reversible and not readily reversible bovine corpus luteum plasma membranes bound human chorionic gonadotropin

125I-human chorionic gonadotropin (125I-hCG) bound to plasma membranes of bovine corpora lutea consisted of reversible and not readily reversible fractions. The not readily reversible fraction progressively increased as the length and the temperature of preincubation were increased. The not readily reversible fraction was, however, completely eluted after any time or temperature of preincubation. Although the not readily reversible and reversible bound 125I-hCG were precipitated equally well with 10% trichloroacetic acid, the not readily reversible bound 125I-hCG was able to rebind much higher to fresh plasma membranes compared to reversible bound 125I-hCG. These findings suggest that while not readily reversible bound 125I-hCG was intact, the reversible bound 125I-hCG was somewhat altered during the binding reaction.
Recycling and Source Reduction for Long Duration Space Habitation

A direct mathematical approach has been established for characterizing the performance of closed-loop life support systems. The understanding that this approach gives clearly illustrates the options available for increasing the performance of a life support system by changing various parameters. New terms are defined and utilized, such as Segregation Factor, Resource Recovery Efficiency, Overall Reclamation Efficiency, Resupply Reduction Factor, and Life Support Extension Factor. The effects of increases in expendable system supplies required due to increases in life support system complexity are shown. Minimizing resupply through increased recycling and source reduction is illustrated. The effects of recycling upon resupply launch cost is also shown. Finally, material balance analyses have been performed based on quantity and composition data for both supplies and wastes, to illustrate the use of this approach by comparing ten different closed-loop life support system cases.
Antimalarial Properties of a Variety of Substituted p-Sulfamoylphenylazo Compounds

A wide variety of substituted p-sulfamoylphenylazo compounds were prepared, and their activity against Plasmodium berghei in mice was studied. A study of the effects of substitution in the sulfamoyl group revealed that substitution by pyrimidine, methylpyrimidine, and hexylresorcinol greatly increased the antimalarial activity, while substitution by thiazole, methylthiazole, and 2-methyl-3,4-thiadiazole did not lead to a comparable increase in activity. The least activity was seen in compounds with 2-pyridyl as the substituent. Coupling compounds derived from sulfa drugs, hexylresorcinol, and 1,3-dimethyl-6-aminouracil were either active or curative at lower doses than the remainder of the compounds evaluated. With pyrimidine as the substituent, an amino group in position 4 or 5 was necessary for antimalarial activity. It was also found that coplanarity is not an essential structural requirement for antimalarial activity.
One Vote or Many Mexicos? Income, Heterogeneity, and the 2006-2012 Presidential Elections

Objective This article investigates the role of income and income heterogeneity on voters’ preferences for the conservative party. Methods Fitting a series of logistic regressions on exit poll data from the 2006 and 2012 Mexican presidential elections. Results We find that heterogeneity mediates the effect of income on the probability of voting for the conservative candidate. Conclusion In more heterogeneous places, rich voters are more likely to support the candidate on the right than their counterparts in more homogeneous places, while poorer voters are more likely to vote for Partido Accion Nacional in less heterogeneous places. In more heterogeneous states, voters are more likely to encounter members of other socioeconomic groups who prompt them to vote for the party that better represents their group's interests.
Glycosylation of rhodopsin is necessary for its stability and incorporation into photoreceptor outer segment discs

Rhodopsin, a G-protein coupled receptor, most abundant protein in retinal rod photoreceptors, is glycosylated at asparagines-2 and 15 on its N-terminus. To understand the role of rhodopsin's glycosylation in vivo, we generated and characterized a transgenic mouse model that expresses a non-glycosylated form of rhodopsin. We show that lack of glycosylation triggers a dominant form of progressive retinal degeneration. Electron microscopic examination of retinas at postnatal day 17 revealed the presence of vacuolar structures that distorted rod photoreceptor outer segments and became more prominent with age. Expression of non-glycosylated rhodopsin alone showed that it is unstable and is regulated via ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation at the base of outer segments. We observed similar vacuolization in outer segments of transgenic mice expressing human rhodopsin with a T17M mutation (hT17M), suggesting that the mechanism responsible for the degenerative process in mice expressing the non-glycosylated rhodopsin and the RHO(hT17M) mice is likely the cause of phenotype observed in retinitis pigmentosa patients carrying T17M mutation.
The Implementation of Inmate Mentor Programs in the Correctional Treatment System as an Innovative Approach

ABSTRACT In October 2006, the California Men's Colony (CMC) in San Luis Obispo, faced with staff recruitment and retention difficulties, took an innovative step to utilize long-term sentenced inmates as peer mentors and primary counselors to lead their prison-based therapeutic community (TC) program. The program was designed, developed, and implemented through the collaborative efforts of CMC's Our House program, the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR), the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), Center for Criminality and Addiction Research, Training and Application (CCARTA), and the Orange County Department of Education (OCDE). The program is designed to be a peer mentor-driven 24-hour TC built to uphold the fundamental TC principles that have been lost in many treatment programs. UCSD CCARTA was instrumental in training the long-term residents who served as peer mentors in substance abuse treatment principles and strategies, equivalent to the training received by state-fu...
Mining maximal cliques from a large graph using MapReduce

We consider Maximal Clique Enumeration (MCE) from a large graph. A maximal clique is perhaps the most fundamental dense substructure in a graph, and MCE is an important tool to discover densely connected subgraphs, with numerous applications to data mining on web graphs, social networks, and biological networks. While effective sequential methods for MCE are known, scalable parallel methods for MCE are still lacking.We present a new parallel algorithm for MCE, Parallel Enumeration of Cliques using Ordering ( PECO ), designed for the MapReduce framework. Unlike previous works, which required a post-processing step to remove duplicate and non-maximal cliques, PECO enumerates only maximal cliques with no duplicates. The key technical ingredient is a total ordering of the vertices of the graph which is used in a novel way to achieve a load balanced distribution of work, and to eliminate redundant work among processors. We implemented PECO on Hadoop MapReduce, and our experiments on a cluster show that the algorithm can effectively process a variety of large real-world graphs with millions of vertices and tens of millions of maximal cliques, and scales well with the degree of available parallelism. Scalable method for enumerating maximal cliques in a graph using MapReduce.Effective solution to load balancing.Experimental evaluation of our solution on large real world graphs.Outperforms previous MapReduce solutions by orders of magnitude.
Axillary vein thrombosis and compartment syndrome in upper limb trauma

Axillary thrombophlebitis and compartment syndrome are potential complications of upper limb trauma with significant morbidity and mortality. A 25 year old man presented 24 hours following an isolated limb injury with these synchronous complications. Early systemic anticoagulation and fasciotomy resulted in significant bleeding and anaemia. Renal function remained normal despite evidence of significant rhabdomyolysis (CK>16 000U/L). Several attempts at closure of fasciotomies were frustrated by major swelling and finally, devitalised biceps brachii was debrided in toto. He was discharged with residual sensory and motor deficits. Three months later, he had marked disability from weakness, sensory disturbance and post-phlebitic swelling.
Midbody assembly and its regulation during cytokinesis

The midbody is a transient structure that connects two daughter cells at the end of cytokinesis, with the principal function being to localize the site of abscission, which physically separates two daughter cells. Despite its importance, understanding of midbody assembly and its regulation is still limited. Here we describe how the structural composition of the midbody changes during progression throughout cytokinesis and explore the functional implications of these changes. Deriving from midzones, midbodies are organized by a set of microtubule interacting proteins that colocalize to a zone of microtubule overlap in the center. We found that these proteins split into three subgroups that relocalize to different parts of the midbody: the bulge, the dark zone, and the flanking zone. We characterized these relocalizations and defined domain requirements for three key proteins: MKLP1, KIF4, and PRC1. Two cortical proteins-anillin and RhoA-localized to presumptive abscission sites in mature midbodies, where they may regulate the endosomal sorting complex required for transport machinery. Finally, we characterized the role of Plk1, a key regulator of cytokinesis, in midbody assembly. Our findings represent the most detailed description of midbody assembly and maturation to date and may help elucidate how abscission sites are positioned and regulated.
Intense EUV incoherent plasma sources for EUV lithography and other applications

Intense visible and ultraviolet sources, both incoherent and coherent, have been used in a variety of commercial applications over the years. Perhaps two of the most far-reaching applications are in the areas of microlithography and materials processing. In microlithography, the mercury vapor discharge lamp has provided the illuminating flux for microlithography machines for over 20 years. More recently, excimer lasers are playing an increasing role in this field. In materials processing, because of flux requirements that will be discussed later, sources have been largely restricted to lasers. The available lasers cover a wide range of wavelengths and pulse durations and have become major industrial tools for a broad spectrum of applications. This paper will point out the role that intense extreme ultraviolet incoherent (nonlaser) sources might play in the future, in that they may be able to provide similar intensities to those presently provided only by lasers, but in a much simpler, more efficient way and, in semi systems, at a potentially much lower cost.