cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Asymptotically Optimal Detection/ Localization of LPI Signals of Emitters using Distributed Sensors

The interception of low probability of intercept signals has become increasingly difficult due to the availability of waveform agile transmitters and increased spectral bandwidth. Current detection techniques based on energy detection ignore the important cross-sensor correlation information. Additionally, existing TDOA/FDOA based localization techniques pair up the sensors and perform only pair-wise processing which is highly inefficient. To circumvent this problem we show how to use multiple spatially distributed sensors to detect and localize an emitter whose waveform is completely unknown. We present the generalized likelihood ratio detector which optimally combines the multiple sensor information for improved detection. Additionally, as part of the detector the MLE for target location is available, leading to improved localization.
Energy metabolism and ATP balance in animal cell cultivation using a stoichiometrically based reaction network.

A metabolic reaction network is developed for the estimation of the stoichiometric production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in animal cell culture. By using the material balance data from fed-batch and batch cultures of hybridoma cells, the stoichiometric ATP productions are determined with estimated effective P/O ratios of 2 for NADH and 1.2 for FADH(2). A significant percentage of the ATP requirement (16-41%) in hybridoma cells is generated directly from free energy release without the participation of oxygen. The oxidative phosphorylation of NADH accounts for about 60% of the total ATP production in the fed-batch cultures and about 47% in the batch culture. The oxidative phosphorylation of FADH(2) accounts for less then 20% of the total ATP production in all cases.A fractional model is devised to analyze the contribution of each nutrient to the ATP production. Results show that a majority of the ATP is produced from glucose metabolism (60-76%). Less than 30% of the ATP is derived from glutamine, and less than 11% is derived from other essential amino acids. The analysis also shows that the glycolytic pathway generates more ATP in the batch (41%) than in the fed-batch (<27%) cultures. The TCA cycle provides 51-68% of the total ATP production. The calculated stoichiometric oxygen consumption differs among the batch and fed-batch cultures, depending on the glucose concentration. This result suggests that the relationship between the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and cell growth may change with the culture conditions. However, the calculated respiratory quotient (RQ) is relatively constant in all cases.A linear relationship is obtained between the specific ATP production rate and the specific cell growth rate. The maximum ATP yield and the maintenance ATP requirement are determined based on this linear relationship. The biosynthetic ATP demand estimated from the dry cell weight and cell composition is significantly lower than that calculated from the maximum ATP yield, indicating that the non-growth-associated ATP demand may contain other factors than what is considered in the estimation of the biosynthetic ATP demand.
Idiotype-encoding recombinant adenoviruses provide protective immunity against murine B-cell lymphomas

Vaccination with tumor-specific immunoglobulin or idiotype (Id) is a promising new form of immunotherapy for B-cell malignancies. Id protein vaccination has demonstrated clinical activity in B-cell lymphomas, yet it requires the laborious and time-consuming procedures of tumor–myeloma cell hybridization, large-scale in vitro culture, and protein purification. Recombinant adenoviruses are highly efficient and immunogenic gene transfer vehicles from which individualized vaccines can be rapidly assembled using polymerase chain reaction–amplified tumor Id genes. Id-encoding adenoviruses were evaluated as vaccines in 2 murine B-cell lymphoma models. A single injection of recombinant Id adenovirus provided protection from subsequent tumor challenge that was equivalent or superior to that afforded by Id protein vaccination. Protected mice had substantial serum titers of Id-specific antibodies. When used in conjunction with chemotherapy, vaccination also prolonged the survival of mice bearing pre-existing tumor. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that tumor protection was not dependent upon T cells. Importantly, in mice prevaccinated with an irrelevant adenovirus, tumor protection following vaccination with Id adenovirus was not significantly impaired. These findings have implications for the design of future lymphoma immunotherapy trials.
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) sources for frequency domain photon migration

Frequency domain photon migration (FDPM) uses modulated laser light to measure the bulk optical properties of turbid media and is increasingly being applied for noninvasive functional medical imaging. Though semiconductor edge emitting laser diodes (EELs) have been traditionally used for this application, we show that VCSELs exhibit performance characteristics suitable for FDPM measurements of tissue optical properties. Their output power and modulation characteristics are more than sufficient for optical property recovery. In addition, their small size, high efficiency, low cost, and simple packaging make them an attractive choice as components in clinical FDPM systems. We demonstrate a unique, compact optical probe that was enabled by VCSEL technology.
A sediment ecotoxicity assessment platform for in situ measures of chemistry, bioaccumulation and toxicity. Part 2: Integrated application to a shallow estuary.

Abstract A comprehensive, weight-of-evidence based ecological risk assessment approach integrating laboratory and in situ bioaccumulation and toxicity testing, passive sampler devices, hydrological characterization tools, continuous water quality sensing, and multi-phase chemical analyses was evaluated. The test site used to demonstrate the approach was a shallow estuarine wetland where groundwater seepage and elevated organic and inorganic contaminants were of potential concern. Although groundwater was discharging into the surficial sediments, little to no chemical contamination was associated with the infiltrating groundwater. Results from bulk chemistry analysis, toxicity testing, and bioaccumulation, however, suggested possible PAH toxicity at one station, which might have been enhanced by UV photoactivation, explaining the differences between in situ and laboratory amphipod survival. Concurrently deployed PAH bioaccumulation on solid-phase micro-extraction fibers positively correlated ( r 2 ≥ 0.977) with in situ PAH bioaccumulation in amphipods, attesting to their utility as biomimetics, and contributing to the overall improved linkage between exposure and effects demonstrated by this approach.
Hemorrhage from the large bowel with special reference to angiodysplasia and diverticular disease.

A series of 72 patients with bleeding either from angiodysplasia or diverticular disease of the colon has been studied in the Massachusetts General Hospital. Modern angiographic techniques have dispelled much of the mystery and reduced the mortality of colonic bleeding. In this series 85% of the bleeding originated from the right or transverse colon. Of the 72 patients, 70 survived; there were 52 operations. The 2 deaths occurred in an 81-year-old patient after subtotal colectomy and an 84-year-old patient after right colectomy, both for diverticular bleeding. After discharge from the hospital, 67 patients have been followed up for a median interval of 22 postoperative months. Late follow-up of patients with bleeding from either angiodysplasia or diverticula showed that segmental resection was successful in stopping bleeding in 38 of 42 patients (90%); the 10 patients who had subtotal colectomy had no recurrent bleeding. The choice of operation must depend upon many factors that reflect operative risks, which must be balanced against better control of bleeding by subtotal colectomy. Because a right colectomy for angiodysplasia has been followed by recurrent bleeding in 4 of 31 cases, it is suggested that the right half of the transverse colon be included in the right colectomy since this will introduce no greater hazard and may lead to better control of bleeding. Subtotal colectomy is the operation of choice for bleeding from the colon from an unknown source, in good-risk patients with widespread diverticulosis involving all segments of the colon, and for a combination of angiodysplasia on the right and extensive diverticular disease on the left. In poor-risk patients, if either angiodysplasia or a single bleeding point has been demonstrated by selective arteriography, a segmentai resection of that area will be the safest procedure.
Methadone maintenance therapy in the United States: a case example of dual diagnosis

The model of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in the United States has (for better or for worse) influenced the development of MMT elsewhere. This paper sheds light on the origins and progression of MMT and its application today. This perspective may prove helpful to persons and agencies attempting to develop MMT or whose MMT programmes are being subject to ever‐increasing restrictions. The demographics, social and economic risk factors, impact of poly‐substance use and co‐occurring psychiatric disorders (dual diagnosis), and existing evidence supporting dosing and therapeutic interventions in MMT are reviewed and illustrated with a case study.
Analysis of Transverse Cracking in [90n/±θm]s Composite Laminates

A variational model is presented to analyze the effect of transverse cracking in [90n/±τm]s composite laminates under uniaxial tensile loading. Crack geometry in the model is an unknown function which is determined by the derived governing equation rather than assumed shape functions. Analysis shows that the crack shape varies with crack density. Predicted results for stiffness reduction in [90n/m]s and [m/90n]s laminates indicate that the stacking sequence of laminates is important to the stiffness degradation with damage of composite materials.
Use of Irwin's restricted mean as an index for comparing survival in different treatment groups—Interpretation and power considerations

In the analysis of survival data from clinical trials and other studies, the censoring generally precludes estimation of the mean survival time. To accommodate censoring, Irwin (1949) proposed, as an alternative, estimation of the mean lifetime restricted to a suitably chosen time T. In this article we consider the use of Irwin's restricted mean as an index for comparing survival in different groups, using as an example published data from a randomized clinical trial in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Irwin's method, originally based on the actuarial survival estimator, is extended to incorporate covariates into the analysis through the use of piecewise exponential models. For comparing two survival curves, the logrank test is known to be optimal under proportional hazards alternatives. However, comparison of restricted means may outperform the logrank test in situations involving nonproportional hazard rates. We examine the size and power of these two procedures under various proportional and nonproportional hazards alternatives, with and without covariate adjustment. For survival curves that separate early in time the censored data generalization of the Wilcoxon test is known to exhibit high power, and we examine how the comparison of restricted means performs relative to this procedure also.
The effects of the tension-free vaginal tape on proximal urethral position: a prospective, longitudinal evaluation.

This study was designed to determine the anatomic effects of the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT). A cohort of 94 patients was followed for 1 year. Urethral position was quantified using the Q-tip angle. Statistical analysis employed the ANOVA and paired t tests. A total of 54 (57%) patients met the criteria for analysis. In these 54 patients the success rate was 81% . Straining Q-tip angles decreased from a mean preoperative value of 52° to 28° before 1 month, 34° at 1–6 months, 41° at 6–12 months, and 45° at 1 year (P <0.05). The postoperative resting angles remained essentially unchanged. The sling initially provides support to the proximal urethra which diminishes over time. Unchanged resting Q-tip angles confirm the tension-free concept and there appears to be no shrinkage or tightening of the sling. We concluded that the success of the TVT is not due to proximal urethral support.
The taxonomic status of closely related closed cone pines in Mexico and Central America

A taxonomic study on 14 cone and needle traits of 281 trees from 33 provenances of Pinus oocarpa, P. oocarpa var. ochoterenae, P. patula var. longipedunculata, P. patula var. patula and P. tecunumanii in Central America and Mexico was conducted to quantify the affinity between closely related species. A second objective was to determine the geographic range of P. tecunumanii in Mexico. Cluster analysis placed 52% of all provenances in taxa different from those assigned by field foresters. Trees from 15 provenances of what was locally known as Pinus oocarpa var. ochoterenae from Chiapas were statistically indistinguishable from high elevation Central American sources of P. tecuncumanii when assessed for cone and needle characteristics. However, trees from two provenances known locally as P. oocarpa var. ochoterenae from southwestern Oaxaca, Juquila and Tlacuache, were found to be distinct from P. tecunumanii and may be a variant of P. patula. Canonical discriminant analysis was used to determine the taxonomic affinity among newly formed clusters. The spatial (Mahalanobis) distance between P. tecunumanii and P. patula var. patula, P. patula var. longipedunculata, and P. oocarpa was 42.0, 44.4, and 109.4 respectively, and highly significant. The geographic range of Pinus tecunumanii in Mexico appears to be confined to the state of Chiapas.
107 PULSED DOPPLER DIAGNOSIS OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE INSUFFICIENCY IN UTERO

Atrioventricular valve insufficiency (AVVI) has been suggested as a cause for nonimmune hydrops in utero. Pulsed 2-D-directed Doppler echocardiography was utilized for the detection of AVVI in 41 fetuses ranging in gestational age from 16-39 weeks. AVVI was diagnosed by a systolic velocity in either atria of greater than 1 meter per second. AVVI was present in 5/41 fetuses (12%) and confirmed after birth in 3/3. Of 22 fetuses at risk for congenital heart disease but found to be normal, one had AVVI (5%). Of 11 patients with fetal dysrhythmia, 2/2 with complete heart block (1 normal and 1 with AV canal) had intermittent AVVI, and 7 with premature atrial contractions and 2 with atrial tachycardia had none. Of 6 patients with abnormal cardiac findings, 2 had AVVI (1 with endocardial fibroelastosis and bilateral AVVI, and 1 with cerebral arteriovenous malformation) while there was no AVVI in 4 patients with VSD including 1 with hydrops. Two patients with a normal heart and hydrops had no AVVI. Conclusions: (1) AVVI occurs in utero and may be diagnosed by pulsed Doppler echocardiography. (2) AVVI may be present in normals, in fetuses with congenital heart block with or without heart disease, and is not present in all forms of nonimmune hydrops fetalis.
Actinomyces viscosus postoperative endophthalmitis

Endophthalmitis, attributable to Actinomyces viscosus, developed in a 78-year-old man after cataract surgery. Postoperative endophthalmitis with this organism is a rare occurrence. This report emphasizes the importance of the Actinomyces species as potential eye pathogens and presents antimicrobial susceptibility data for the isolate.
Targeting activated mineralocorticoid receptor: Occam's razor revisited

Activation of mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) classically has been associated with electrolyte transport, but we now know that MR activation can also lead to tissue inflammation and fibrosis. Aldosterone consistently activates MR, but under selected circumstances, endogenous glucocorticoids such as cortisol and corticosterone can also trigger MR. Tissue-specific safeguards such as the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase limit glucocorticoid-induced MR activation, while the presence of reactive oxygen species may enhance the ability for glucocorticoid-induced MR activation even in the absence of aldosterone.
The significance of QAVF in the diagnosis of posterior infarction

Abstract The diagnostic importance of a large Q 3 in coronary artery disease and posterior infarction was first pointed out by Pardee. 1 Since then, many authors have confirmed his observations. 2–5 But it is also well known that in normal persons a Q 3 conforming to Pardee's criterion may be present and is usually indistinguishable from that seen in posterior infarction. 6,7 This large Q 3 in normal persons is mainly due to a transverse position of the heart. Hence, various criteria have been suggested to aid in the differentiation of a normal Q 3 and the Q 3 due to myocardial infarction. 8,9 According to several authors, the presence of a significant Q wave in the unipolar leg lead (V F or aV F ) may be helpful in deciding the significance of a large Q 3 . 10–13 The criteria of a significant Q VF or Q AVF set forth by these authors may be classified into two groups: (1) A Q wave in the left leg lead has a voltage of 40 per cent or more of the entire QRS complex in the same lead, has a duration of 0.04 second or more, and is associated with an inverted T wave; (2) a Q wave in the left leg lead has a voltage of 25 per cent or more of the R wave in the same lead and has a duration of 0.04 or more second. The presence of a significant Q VF or Q AVF strongly suggests that the Q 3 is due to posterior infarction and not to position of the heart. More recently Lowen and Pardee 14 analyzed 168 electrocardiograms, 59 of which were obtained from 34 patients with posterior infarction. Their conclusions were: (a) “Criteria derived from the unipolar limb leads are not dependable in the diagnosis of posterior infarction” and (b) “The unipolar limb leads are equally unreliable in determining the presence or absence of disease in those doubtful cases which have Q 3 as the only abnormality of the electrocardiogram.” As there are controversial opinions concerning the clinical value of the unipolar limb leads in the diagnosis of posterior infarction, a critical study of the Q wave in Lead III and unipolar leg lead in a large number of cases might help to clarify the issue. The present study was undertaken with such a purpose.
Evidence for a Complex L-->.S--> Interaction in the Deuteron-Nucleus Optical Potential

The addition of an imaginary $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{L}}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{S}}$ interaction to the deuteron-nucleus optical potential significantly improves the fit to cross-section and analyzing-power measurements for elastic scattering of 10-15-MeV deuterons from medium-weight nuclei. The largest improvement results from a shift of the analyzing powers toward smaller angles, relative to the cross section. The imaginary $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{L}}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{S}}$ potential has the same sign and about one-half the strength of the real $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{L}}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{S}}$ potential.
Development of the common data base for the FICSIT trials

The eight FICSIT (Frailty and Injuries: Cooperative Studies of Intervention Techniques) sites test different intervention strategies in selected target groups of older adults. To compare the relative potential of these interventions to reduce frailty and fall-related injuries, all sites share certain descriptive (risk-adjustment) measures and outcome measures. This article describes the shared measures, which are referred to as the FICSIT Common Data Base (CDB). The description is divided into four sections according to the four FICSIT committees responsible for the CDB: (1) psychosocial health and demographic measures; (2) physical health measures; (3) fall-related measures; and (4) cost and cost-effectiveness measures. Because the structure of the FICSIT trial is unusual, the CDB should expedite secondary analyses of various research questions dealing with frailty and falls.
Retroviral Integrase Proteins and HIV-1 DNA Integration

Retroviral integrases catalyze two reactions, 3′-processing of viral DNA ends, followed by integration of the processed ends into chromosomal DNA. X-ray crystal structures of integrase-DNA complexes from prototype foamy virus, a member of the Spumavirus genus of Retroviridae, have revealed the structural basis of integration and how clinically relevant integrase strand transfer inhibitors work. Underscoring the translational potential of targeting virus-host interactions, small molecules that bind at the host factor lens epithelium-derived growth factor/p75-binding site on HIV-1 integrase promote dimerization and inhibit integrase-viral DNA assembly and catalysis. Here, we review recent advances in our knowledge of HIV-1 DNA integration, as well as future research directions.
Morphology and Phase Metastability in the Al/Cu Thin Film Reaction.

The initial stages of the reaction between thin Al grains with an average diameter of 2 × 10−5m and sputter deposited, nanocrystalline Cu films has been studied in plan view using in situ transmission electron microscopy. At high reaction rates, the phase transformation in the Al grain resulting from the interdiffusion process is found to exhibit metastable growth morphologies characterized by negative curvature at the growth interface. The crystal structure of the initial phase formed in the Al grain under relatively high reaction rates is a metastable, orthorhombic distortion of the equilibrium body centered tetragonal θ phase. The distortion is found to vary with Al grain surface orientation. The degree of metastability can be experimentally correlated with the kinetics of the interdiffusion process as controlled by diffusion barrier thickness.
Surface damage during machining of annealed 18% nickel maraging steel Part 1 — Unlubricated conditions

Abstract The effect of cutting speed and tool wear land length on the surface damage produced during the machining of annealed 18% nickel maraging steel under lubricated conditions was determined. Machined test pieces were examined with a scanning electron microscope and an optical microscope. Surface roughness was determined with a profilometer. The results of the investigation show that during machining fine scale surface damage in a variety of forms is produced over the range of cutting conditions used. It is suggested that the fine scale surface damage is associated with the phenomena of continuous chip formation and interaction between the tool nose region and freshly machined workpiece surface. Comparisons are made between the characteristics of surfaces machined under lubricated and unlubricated conditions. The differences are interpreted in terms of the changes produced in the frictional conditions and stress distributions at the contact surfaces between the chip, tool and workpiece by application of a lubricant. It is shown that scanning electron microscopy is more indicative of the true condition of the surface than surface roughness measurements.
A note on the simulation of winter monsoon anomalies during an El Niño year

This paper presents the results of the Florida State University atmospheric general circulation model that addresses the impact of sea surface temperature anomalies on an El Nino year. Northern Hemisphere winter season simulation. Specifically, our interest is in the simulation of seasonal winter monsoonal rainfall, the planetary scale divergent motions and the westerly wind anomalies of an El Nino year.
Conversion of methoxyperfluoroisobutene to α-methylhexafluoroisobutyric acid fluoride by a phase transfer catalyst

Abstract Methoxyperfluoroisobutene was converted to α-methylhexafluoroisobutyric acid fluoride by a catalytic amount of phase transfer catalyst in quantitative yield. Methoxyoctafluoroisobutane, (CF 3 ) 2 CHCF 2 OCH 3 (1) which is synthesized by the reaction of perfluoroisobutene and methanol is a useful starting material for producing various fluorochemicals. It is ready hydrolyzed in sulfuric acid to give the methyl ester of hexafluoroisobutyric acid [1, 2]. Dehydrofluorination of the ether (1) gives a vinyl ether (2) which is converted to a useful monomer (3), made previously by another route [3].
D-ribofuranosyl azides: a direct conversion of 1-O-acyl-2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-ribofuranose into D-ribofuranosyl azides

Abstract Reactions of azidotrimethylsilane with 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β- d -ribofuranose (2), and the 1,5-di-O-p-nitrobenzoyl and 1,5-di-O-acetyl derivatives, 4 and 5 respectively, of 2,3-O-isopropylidene-β- d -ribofuranose, in the presence of the Lewis acids aluminum chloride, titanium tetrachloride, or boron trifluoride etherate were studied. All three Lewis acids readily catalyze the quantitative conversion of 2 into its β- d -ribofuranosyl azide, whereas only aluminum chloride is a suitable catalyst for conversion of 4 and 5 into their azides; boron trifluoride etherate is ineffective, and titanium tetrachloride causes partial decomposition. Contrary to the behavior of 2, which gives only the β azide, 4 and 5 give, in excellent yield, anomeric mixtures of azides in which the β azide preponderates. Although dichloromethane and acetonitrile are appropriate solvents for the reaction of 2, only acetonitrile is suitable for 4 and 5, as use of the former results in the co-production of related d -ribofuranosyl chlorides.
Controlling Early-Age Cracking in Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement: Observations from 12 Years of Monitoring Experimental Test Sections in Houston, Texas

Presented are findings drawn from 12 years of monitoring and analyzing thermal cracking in experimental continuously reinforced concrete (CRC) pavements placed in and around Houston, Texas. Between 1986 and 1995, 85 CRC test sections were built at eight locations (projects) in the greater Houston area. Each project consists of between 8 and 22 experimental sections of slightly different design. These sections were closely controlled and monitored during construction, and periodic condition surveys continue to be conducted. Adjacent placement of the experimental sections in each project minimized the effect of uncontrolled variables such as traffic and climate. The purpose of the study was to evaluate new design elements and construction considerations intended to control early-age thermal cracking and cracking-related distress caused by coarse aggregate with a high thermal coefficient of expansion. Experimental factors considered include coarse aggregate type, percentage of steel reinforcement, bar size, double or single mat steel, paving time, and paving season. Findings from the study show significant differences in performance between low and high thermal coefficient aggregates, along with some effective methods to minimize them as well as some attempts that were not as successful. Aggregate type and placement season were found to be the most significant factors affecting PCC performance, whereas day or night placement, steel percentage, bar size, and skewed placement proved less significant.
Influence of conservation reserve program mid‐contract management and landscape composition on northern bobwhite in tall fescue monocultures

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) authorized mid-contract management (MCM) in 2004 to restore and maintain plant species composition and structural diversity in aging Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields for the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and other grassland-dependent wildlife. We implemented 3 USDA-approved MCM regimes (i.e., strip disking, strip glyphosate spraying, and strip glyphosate spraying in combination with legume interseeding) in 60 tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae) CRP monocultures in south-central Illinois, USA, during 2005–2008. We hypothesized that adult bobwhite relative densities and brood presence would increase following MCM that effectively restored early successional plant communities in otherwise monotypic stands of tall fescue. We estimated annual adult bobwhite relative densities and brood presence-absence in managed and unmanaged CRP. We modeled vegetation characteristics and landscape composition to identify factors influencing adult densities and brood presence. Adult relative densities were 2-fold greater in managed fields than in unmanaged fields, and were negatively correlated with greater percentages of grass cover. Adult densities were positively correlated with greater plant species diversity, and greater percentages of bare ground and legume cover. Logistic regression and odds ratio estimates indicated that fields managed with glyphosate-interseed and glyphosate treatments were 39.6% more likely to have broods than unmanaged CRP, whereas disked fields were 10.0% more likely than unmanaged CRP. These models indicated that the probability of brood presence was greater in fields with increased percentage of bare ground, greater plant species diversity, and decreased percentage of grass and litter cover. These findings suggest that a 3-year rotation of glyphosate or glyphosate-interseed treatments can enhance habitat conditions for adult bobwhites and broods in CRP tall fescue monocultures. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of Exciton Dynamics and Fission in Organic Molecular Crystalline Materials

Time-resolved spectroscopy is used to determine the structure of initially excited singlet exciton states in polyacene molecular crystals. The role of spatial delocalization plays in exciton fission (multiple exciton generation) in tetracene is investigated.
Robot Movement Planning and Control Based on Equilibrium Point Hypothesis

Despite those the inverse dynamics methods in traditional robotics, few are eligible to be applied to systems with as high Degrees of Freedom (DOFs) as humans. Few tackle the intricacies of the human musculoskeletal system itself. We propose a two-phase motor control model based on the Equilibrium Point Hypothesis, which takes advantage of the muscle spring system to control human movements. The motor planning algorithm calculates the solution in the joint space, given a simple or complex task in Cartesian space. Then the spring model simulating the muscles takes charge of the movement execution. This model greatly reduces the amount of computation, compared to the inverse dynamics. We demonstrate the model in various motions as reaching, walking, sitting and rising.
Synthesis of 3-[(1-[11C]methyl-2(S)-pyrrolidinyl) methoxy]pyridine and 3-[(1-[11C]methyl-2(R)-pyrrolidinyl) methoxy]pyridine : Radioligands for in vivo studies of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

3-[(1-[ 11 C]Methyl-2(S)-pyrrolidinyl)methoxy]pyridine, [ 11 C]A-84543, a selective radioligand for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) was prepared by N-alkylation of N-desmethyl A-84543 with [ 11 C]methyl iodide in DMF. The radioligand was purified by semi-preparative reverse-phase HPLC. The average specific radioactivity was 1755 mCi/μmol calculated at end-of-synthesis (EOS). The average time of synthesis, including formulation, was 17 min. The pharmacologically less active (R) enantiomer, 3-[(1-[ 11 C]methyl-2(R)-pyrrolidinyl) methoxy]pyridine was synthesized in an analogous manner using the appropriate N-desmethyl precursor. The specific radioactivity was calculated to be 2368 mCi/μmol (EOS).
Estimation and Verification of a Stochastic Neuron Model

The treatment of a neuron as an information processor is complicated by the nonlinear, time-varying, and distributed parameter attributes of the classical Hodgkin-Huxley neuron model. In this paper, we fit data from experiments on spontaneously firing snail neurons to a much simpler integrate and fire model featuring random process descriptions of the input current density, threshold, and reset potentials. The method of generalized least squares is used to show that the integrate and fire model explains 99.6 percent of the variation in the data used to describe the population behavior of neurons on the visceral ganglion of the Helix Aspersa snail. Experimental histograms suggest that most of the random variation in the interspike interval is caused by the randomness in the input current density and comparatively little by the random fluctuations in threshold and reset potentials, although the latter are still significant from an information processing viewpoint. Residuals from the regression are used to estimate the range of the input current density random process. The residuals also show that slight, but significant, autocorrelation exists in the input current densities. This suggests that information in addition to the mean input current density is being transmitted in the interspike interval code.
Hemodynamic Evaluation of Left Ventricular Function in Shock Complicating Myocardial Infarction

Twenty-two patients with shock complicating myocardial infarction were studied hemodynamically and, despite pharmacologic therapy and regulation of intravascular volume, 16 (73%) subsequently expired. Pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure (PAEDP) or left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was > 15 mm Hg in 18 of the 22 patients, and cardiac index (CI) was ≤2.3 liters/min/m2 in 17 of 22 patients. Fourteen of the 18 patients with PAEDP or LVEDP > 15 mm Hg expired, while two of the four patients with a PAEDP or LVEDP < 15 mm Hg survived. Thirteen of 15 individuals with a CI < 2.3 liters/min/m2 died, and four of seven with a CI ≤ 2.3 liters/min/m2 survived. A ventricular gallop (S3) was audible in 15 patients with PAEDP or LVEDP varying from 13 to 60 mm Hg. In 11 patients with an S3 who expired, the PAEDP or LVEDP ranged from 22 to 60 mm Hg. Mean peripheral vascular resistance was 41.3 units in survivors and 67.8 units in nonsurvivors. Six of eight patients who did not survive the period of hospital...
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Induce Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Prostate Cancer Cells

Clinical experience of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) in patients with solid tumors has been disappointing; however, the molecular mechanism of treatment failure is not known. Therefore, we sought to investigate the molecular mechanism of treatment failure of HDACIs in the present study. We found that HDACIs Trichostatin A (TSA) and Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) could induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype in prostate cancer (PCa) cells, which was associated with changes in cellular morphology consistent with increased expression of transcription factors ZEB1, ZEB2 and Slug, and mesenchymal markers such as vimentin, N-cadherin and Fibronectin. CHIP assay showed acetylation of histone 3 on proximal promoters of selected genes, which was in part responsible for increased expression of EMT markers. Moreover, TSA treatment led to further increase in the expression of Sox2 and Nanog in PCa cells with EMT phenotype, which was associated with cancer stem-like cell (CSLC) characteristics consistent with increased cell motility. Our results suggest that HDACIs alone would lead to tumor aggressiveness, and thus strategies for reverting EMT-phenotype to mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) phenotype or the reversal of CSLC characteristics prior to the use of HDACIs would be beneficial to realize the value of HDACIs for the treatment of solid tumors especially PCa.
Manipulation of competitive growth for particle size control in emulsion polymerization

The utility of the growth mechanism to influence relative particle growth is investigated in a semi-batch reactor. A dynamic competitive growth model is developed and used to simulate the growth of two monodisperse polystyrene particle populations (bidisperse system) at 50 °C. Validation of the model with on-line density and on-line particle diameter measurements demonstrates that radical absorption into particles is more likely to occur by a collision mechanism than either by a propagation or diffusion mechanism. Experimental and simulation results show that relative narrowing of the bidisperse system increases as the weight fraction polymer inside the particles (W p ) decreases. It is concluded that the ability to alter W p in a semi-batch reactor makes this mode of operation attractive for particle size distribution control.
Early Dexamethasone Therapy's (DT) Effects on Peripheral White Blood Cell (WBC) Count and Immature to Total Neutrophil Ratio (I/T) in Neonates

Early Dexamethasone Therapy's (DT) Effects on Peripheral White Blood Cell (WBC) Count and Immature to Total Neutrophil Ratio (I/T) in Neonates
Transient elevation of amygdala α2 adrenergic receptor binding sites during the early stages of amygdala kindling

Enhanced noradrenergic neurotransmission retards but does not prevent the development of kindling. We previously reported that locus coeruleus (LC) alpha 2 adrenergic receptor binding sites are transiently elevated during the early stages of kindling development. Since the firing activity of LC noradrenergic neurons is partially regulated via an alpha 2 receptor-mediated recurrent inhibition, the transient elevation in LC alpha 2 receptors could decrease LC activity and consequently facilitate the development of kindling. Transient elevation of alpha 2 receptor binding sites during early stages of kindling may also occur on noradrenergic axon terminals projecting to forebrain sites. Using in vitro neurotransmitter autoradiography techniques, we investigated this hypothesis by measuring specific [3H]idazoxan binding in 5 different areas of rat forebrain at 2 different stages of kindling development. After 2 class 1 kindled seizures, specific [3H]idazoxan binding was elevated significantly in the amygdala, but not in other forebrain regions. No differences in specific [3H]idazoxan binding were observed in any of the 5 brain regions in rats kindled to a single class 5 kindled motor seizure. Saturation of binding experiments indicated that the increase in amygdala [3H]idazoxan binding, following 2 class 1 kindled motor seizures, was due to an increase in the total number of alpha 2 receptor binding sites without a change in the affinity of the binding sites for [3H]idazoxan. Thus, the transient increase in alpha 2 receptors that occurs in the LC in the early stages of kindling also occurs in the forebrain region in which the kindled seizure originates.
Critical behavior of dynamical systems described by the inverse circle map

Abstract The critical scaling constants D and δ were studied experimentally in a sine or rectangular signal driven sawtooth wave generator described by the “inverse circle map”. When the order of the singularity in the map is three, the dimension of the quasiperiodic set along the critical line is D =0.88±0.01. But when the order of the inflection point in the map which describes the rectangular driven generator is theoretically infinite and practically higher than three, a dimension D =0.783±0.005 is obtained.
Loss of control eating disorder in children age 12 years and younger: proposed research criteria

Binge eating is common in middle childhood (6-12 years) and often presents in concert with disordered eating attitudes, emotional distress, overweight and adiposity. Binge eating is also predictive of excessive weight gain and is associated with energy intake. However, few children meet DSM-IV-TR criteria for binge eating disorder, thereby making treatment recommendations a challenge. We propose criteria for a new diagnosis, Loss of Control Eating Disorder in Children age 12 years and younger, for further study. The criteria put forward are a revision of Marcus and Kalarchian's [Marcus, M.D., & Kalarchian, M.A. (2003). Binge eating in children and adolescents. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 34 Suppl, S47-S57.] provisional binge eating disorder research criteria for children 14 years and younger, and are based upon the evolving literature in children with binge and loss of control eating episodes. A rationale for the new criteria set is provided, and future research directions are proposed.
Characteristics of Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Asians, Asian Americans, and Immigrants from Asia to the USA

An exploratory study of self-identified lesbian, gay, and bisexual Asians and Asian Americans surveyed respondents (60 women and 254 men) using a questionnaire in four languages from nineteen different sources in Korea, Japan, China, and the US. Respondents were compared in terms of country of residence, whether they immigrated to the US, having a same-sex lover, living with the lover, being open about their sexual orientation to the family, and age. Respondents in the US were generally more open about their sexual orientation. Openness to the family was related to other variables suggesting an affirmative lesbian, gay, or bisexual identity.
Influence of drying restraint on physical and mechanical properties of nanofibrillated cellulose films

Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) is a renewable and biodegradable fibril that possesses high strength and stiffness resulting from high level hydrogen bonding. Films made from NFC shrink and distort as they transition from a wet state (20 wt% solids) to a state of moisture equilibrium (90 wt% solids at 50 % RH, 23 °C). Material distortions are driven by development of moisture gradients within the fibril network and effectively reduce mechanical performance. For this study, NFC was extracted from softwood holocellulose by first employing a chemical pretreatment [(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl catalyzed oxidation] followed by mechanical fibrillation using ultrasound energy. To assess the problem of film distortion, neat NFC films were dried at 50 % RH, 23 °C under one of the following three restraint conditions: fully restrained, partially restrained, and uniaxially drawn. The influence of restraint condition on the resulting physical and mechanical properties was evaluated. Raman and X-ray results showed that fibrils in the uniaxially drawn specimens tended to align with the drawing axis, whereas no in-plane orientation effects were observed for the fully or partially restrained specimens. Fully restrained specimens had a respective strength and stiffness of 222 MPa and 14 GPa in every (in-plane) direction. However, samples that were wet-drawn to a 30 % strain level had a respective strength and stiffness of 474 MPa and 46 GPa in the direction of draw. Mechanical properties for axially drawn specimens had both fibril alignment and fibril straightening contributions.
Opening computing labs, opening minds

The School of Architecture and Allied Arts at the University of Oregon consists of nine departments and programs with 5000 students, 160 faculty, and a few dozen staff. When I came to the school in January as the school's new computing lab manager, I was told that I was responsible for two labs consisting of 28 computers. As it turned out, students from just four of the nine departments had access to the labs I maintained on behalf of the school. Most departments maintained their own small labs or scattered quasi-lab computers, the vast majority of which were in bad shape. I offered my services as lab manager to the departments; in exchange, I asked for increased availability of the computers to students outside the department that "owned" each lab. I started out with 28 computers in two labs, and by fall I will be maintaining at least 75 computers all over the school. My grand vision is to help change the currently divided culture in the school by illustrating that when resources are scarce, sharing computing resources among all departments makes more sense than each department trying to hoard what little it has. I hope to increase interaction among students of different departments by allowing them to work side by side on computers that they think of as belonging to the whole school, not just one department. It is a big job, and it will take time and lots of help from students, faculty, and staff, but it is worth doing.
Epitaxial growth: Phenomenological model of defect creation

Structural features, related to epitaxial growth and crystal defect creation in common III–V and Si-Ge materials were investigated by high-resolution x-ray diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Strong correlations between crystal perfection of epitaxial structures and growth conditions, specified by the initial elastic strain, deposition temperature and growth rate, elastic properties of epitaxial structures and thickness of epitaxial layers, were revealed. The investigations allowed suggest phenomenological model of defect creation in epitaxial structures, specify four different stages of defect creation, preferred crystalline defects, their density and spatial distribution in the volume. The main crystalline defect, responsible for deterioration of crystal perfection and physical properties of epitaxial structures were identified. Correct description of defect creation allows improved growth conditions and design of future devices to avoid/minimize deterioration of physical properties due to initially deteriorated growth conditions.
Oxidation Study of a Polycrystalline Ni/Cr Alloy II

The oxygen uptake of a sputtered and annealed polycrystalline Ni/Cr alloy surface has been examined using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The O2 exposures were carried out at 10-7 Torr and room ...
Solving inverse configuration space problems by adaptive sampling

Given two shapes in relative motion, an important class of inverse configuration problems are solved by determining relative configurations that maintain set-inclusion relationships (non-interference, containment, or contact) between the shapes. This class of inverse problems includes the well-known problem of constructing a configuration space obstacle, as well as many other problems in computational design such as sweep decomposition, accessibility analysis, and dynamic packaging. We show that solutions to such problems may be efficiently approximated directly in the 6D configuration space SE(3) of relative motions by adaptive sampling. The proposed method relies on a well-known fact that the manifold of the group SE(3) is a Cartesian product of two manifold subgroups: the group of rotations SO(3) and the group of translations R^3. This property allows generating desired configurations by combining samples that are generated in these subgroups independently and adaptively. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach on several inverse problems including the problem of sweep decomposition that arises in reverse engineering applications.
A gateway sensor network architecture for home energy management

As the world energy crisis continues to burden our natural resources, it is imperative that current technologies be employed to make energy usage more efficient. In this paper, an intelligent residential home energy management system is discussed. A Master Energy Controller was developed to forecast future power demand based on user's life style and environmental/social factors affecting power consumption; this controller uses a branch and bound scheduling algorithm for managing appliance runtime schedules. Further, time-of-use pricing is employed to close the loop between the residential customer and the utility company. The focus of this paper is on how the appliance network architecture and master controller can link to the outside world through the internet. A gateway architecture is used for this interface and details of the communication process and message configurations are presented. This architecture provides a simple, yet powerful approach in linking each intelligent residential energy management system to an energy grid with the goal of improving energy usage.