cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optical absorption of radiation-produced defects in NaMgF 3 and RbCaf 3

Optical-absorption bands produced by electron irradiation of the compounds NaMg${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ and RbCa${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ were measured as a function of radiation dose, dose rate, and temperature. The band positions, growth rates, and stabilities, were compared with corresponding absorptions in alkali halides and KMg${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$, permitting the bands observed in NaMg${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ to be attributed, respectively, to self-trapped holes, $F$-type centers, or interstitial defects. The results for RbCa${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ were not as closely analogous with the behavior of alkali halides. Nevertheless the results for both compounds clearly showed that defect production by a radiolysis mechanism was taking place. Since NaMg${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ is orthorhombic and RbCa${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ changes from cubic to tetragonal as the temperature is lowered below 198 K, and since their radiation behavior exhibited no effect whatsoever of these structural differences, the results imply that a replacement collision along close-packed $〈110〉$ halide rows, that has long been assumed to be necessary for radiolysis, may not, in fact, be necessary for defect production.
Characterization of the Complete Genomic Structure of Human Thromboxane Synthase Gene and Functional Analysis of Its Promoter

Abstract Thromboxane A 2 (TXA) is a potent vasoconstrictor and mediator of platelet aggregation. Thromboxane synthase (TXAS), which catalyzes the biosynthesis of TXA, is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily. We report here the complete genomic structure of the human TXAS gene. The gene contains 13 exons and is 193 kb long, the largest P450 gene ever isolated. The physical localization of the TXAS gene on the genetic map of human chromosome 7 was established. A major transcription start site is located at a motif similar to the initiator element where the transcription factor TFII-I binds. We have sequenced up to 1.6 kb of the 5′-flanking region of the TXAS gene and characterized the promoter activity in a human megakaryocyte cell line and endothelial cells. Our results demonstrated that the nucleotides −248/+137 relative to the major transcription start site conferred a full promoter activity of the TXAS gene. This region was regulated negatively by cis-elements located between −1562 and −248. Moreover, the regions outside −1562/+137 might control tissue-specific TXAS expression.
Prediction of adsorption at liquid-solid interface from adsorption isotherms of pure unsaturated vapors

Adsorption from liquid mixtures can be predicted from the adsorption isotherm of the pure unsaturated vapor, measured for each component of the liquid mixture. The theory gives analytical expressions for adsorption from liquids corresponding to Type I (finite capacity) and Type II (multilayer adsorption) vapor isotherms. The free energy of immersion of the adsorbent in the pure liquid adsorbate is the essential parameter for either type of adsorption. Predictions based upon the assumption of an ideal adsorbed solution are compared with experimental data on adsorption from liquid mixtures.
NaLIX: A generic natural language search environment for XML data

We describe the construction of a generic natural language query interface to an XML database. Our interface can accept a large class of English sentences as a query, which can be quite complex and include aggregation, nesting, and value joins, among other things. This query is translated, potentially after reformulation, into an XQuery expression. The translation is based on mapping grammatical proximity of natural language parsed tokens in the parse tree of the query sentence to proximity of corresponding elements in the XML data to be retrieved. Iterative search in the form of followup queries is also supported. Our experimental assessment, through a user study, demonstrates that this type of natural language interface is good enough to be usable now, with no restrictions on the application domain.
Specific binding of 20-hydroxyecdysone to nuclei of imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster.

Abstract Specific binding of the insect steroid hormone 2-hydroxyecdysone to imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster has been investigated. Evidence is presented showing that most of the specific binding is located in the nuclear fraction at the time changes in gene function are observed. Nuclear binding is high affinity, analog specific, apparently saturable, and unaffected by inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis. The association kinetics of nuclear binding are very similar to those of specific binding in whole cells. Specific binding to whole discs and to disc nuclei is temperature-dependent, but equal levels of nuclear binding are achieved after 1 h at 25°C and 8 h at 0–4°C. There is little or no lag in the nuclear location of specific binding at either temperature. The biochemical properties of the specific nuclear binding are consistent with the involvement of these sites in the hormone detection and response system mediating imaginal disc morphogenesis.
Modal Properties of Planetary Gears With an Elastic Continuum Ring Gear

The distinctive modal properties of equally spaced planetary gears with elastic ring gears are studied through perturbation and a candidate mode method. All eigenfunctions fall into one of four mode types whose structured properties are derived analytically. Two perturbations are used to obtain closed-form expressions of all the eigenfunctions. In the discrete planetary perturbation, the unperturbed system is a discrete planetary gear with a rigid ring. The stiffness of the ring is perturbed from infinite to a finite number. In the elastic ring perturbation, the unperturbed system is an elastic ring supported by the ring-planet mesh springs; the sun, planet and carrier motions are treated as small perturbations. A subsequent candidate mode method analysis proves the perturbation results and removes any reliance on perturbation parameters being small. All vibration modes are classified into rotational, translational, planet, and purely ring modes. The well defined properties of each type of mode are analytically determined. All modal properties are verified numerically.
Heat and power integration of chemical processes

A nonlinear programming model is presented that positions heat engines above or below the pinch temperature and heat pumps across the pinch temperature. Heat engines and heat pumps compete to supply the hot deficits above the pinch temperature and to consume the cold deficits below the pinch temperature. Alternate working fluids are considered with power cycles pressures adjusted in the optimization. Arbitrary objectives include minimization of utilities and annualized cost, with the latter found necessary to give more realistic compression ratios in the power cycles. The temperature intervals are lumped to reduce the problem size, significantly increasing the efficiency of optimization without affecting the solution. Results are presented for a natural gas processing plant.
Isolated Polarization Singularities in Optical Beams

We demonstrate a method to produce optical beams with any type of C-point polarization singularity. We also propose a spherical representation that maps all types of C-points onto points on the surface of the sphere.
Social Influences on the Development of Children's Adaptive Help Seeking: The Role of Parents, Teachers, and Peers☆

An important way in which elementary- and middle-school students regulate their own learning and intellectual development is by obtaining assistance from others at times of need. At school, a child who engages in adaptive help seeking monitors his or her academic performance, shows awareness of difficulty he or she cannot overcome independently, and remedies that difficulty by requesting assistance from teachers and classmates. In this article, I discuss how parents, teachers, and peers contribute to the development of children's skills and attitudes associated with adaptive help seeking. I trace early help-seeking behaviors, in particular, in the home and link these to help-seeking behaviors in the classroom.
The Lcls Single-Shot Relative Bunch Length Monitor System

The Particle Beam Physics Lab (PBPL) at UCLA is developing a single-shot relative bunch length monitor system for the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) X-ray Free Electron Laser at SLAC. To ensure high-quality lasing, feedback systems are needed. The bunch length monitor system will be a crucial part of the linac longitudinal feedback system, which is necessary to keep the final peak beam current stable. The system will consist of two single-channel detector arrangements, one after each bunch compressor, and will use the coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) and coherent edge radiation (CER) from bunch compressor chicane dipole magnets to monitor the bunch length. Details of the system are presented, with an emphasis on the device for bunch compressor one (BC1), and the system is compared to alternatives. Plans for testing are presented as well.
Craving: consensus of status and agenda for future research ☆

The term craving is used frequently in relationship to drug abuse and its treatment but there is disagreement over its definition and role. In February 1991, a meeting of experts from several disciplines, sponsored by the Addiction Research Center (ARC) of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, was convened with the goal of reaching consensus about the importance of craving and to suggest a future research program. The participants agreed that craving is a subjective state in humans that is associated with drug dependence but little is known about its determinants, relationship to drug taking, and measurement. To advance our knowledge, a substantial research program is required. The outcome of this research effort could have important consequences for increasing our understanding of the determinants of drug abuse.
Epidermal growth factor receptor expression is abnormal in murine polycystic kidney

Epidermal growth factor receptor expression is abnormal in murine polycystic kidney. Renal tubular cyst formation and progressive enlargement in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) are mediated by increased epithelial cell proliferation and altered transtubular fluid transport. Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptides have been proposed to play roles in normal nephrogenesis and cystic tubular mitogenesis. Therefore, renal expression of EGF receptor (EGFR) protein and mRNA was examined in an animal model for ARPKD, the C57BL/6J cpk / cpk (CPK) mouse. Both quantitative and qualitative abnormalities of EGFR expression were demonstrated. While both control and cystic proximal tubules, as well as control collecting tubules, demonstrated exclusive basalateral EGFR protein expression, cystic collecting tubules exhibited significant apical-lateral receptor localization. During nephrogenesis, EGFR protein expression was elevated in CPK renal tissue when compared to developmentally staged controls. Control and CPK kidneys expressed the same species of EGFR mRNA. Levels increased with developmental age, but were significantly higher at each stage of development in CPK kidneys. Overexpression of both EGFR protein and mRNA in CPK mice suggests altered control of EGFR protein and/or gene expression. EGFR mislocalization and overexpression may be mechanisms whereby the EGF-like factors in cyst fluid stimulate cystogenesis through an autocrine-paracrine cycle in ARPKD.
Specimen edge effects on bending fatigue of carburized steel

The effects of specimen geometry on the fatigue behavior of SAE 4320 steel carburized at 927 °C were evaluated with two sets of cantilever bend specimens, one set machined with square edges and one set machined with round edges. The specimens with square edges exhibited a 13% lower fatigue limit. In comparison to the rounded samples, the lower fatigue limit in the square-edged samples was attributed to the presence of a higher volume fraction of retained austenite in the sample corners and a lower surface residual compressive stress. As a result of the differences in residual stress, preferential crack initiation sites existed in the square-edged samples at a location approximately 200 to 900 ώm from the square edge. The implications of this study on laboratory analyses of the bending fatigue performance of carburized gear steels are discussed.
Telemedicine and the future of healthcare for our children.

In our times, advances in health care parallel those in telecommunications. Headlines of new discoveries in medicine appear on the same page with announcements of cheaper and faster wireless communication and more powerful computers. Despite these remarkable technologic achievements, physician and patient access to the potential benefits these advances offer are limited in our rural areas. Rural doctors often are too busy to keep up with the latest information and technology. When there is a question, patients are asked to travel to a major medical center to see the specialist. It’s not unusual then for a patient to be advised that: “You have a simple problem and don’t need my expertise,” “You don’t need to see … Address correspondence to Thom E Lobe, MD, Section of Pediatric Surgery, University of Tennessee, 777 Washington Ave, P230, Memphis, TN 38105. E-mail: tlobe{at}utmem.edu
Photon sector of quantum electrodynamics at high temperature in two spatial dimensions

Abstract The photon sector of quantum electrodynamics (QED) in two spatial dimensions is analyzed at high temperature to all orders of perturbation theory. Imaginary-time formalism is used. The photon self-energy and propagator at finite temperature with vanishing frequency is calculated to the second order of perturbation theory. Based upon the latter, an improved perturbation theory which incorporates Debye screening is formulated. By virtue of the latter and gauge invariance, infrared finitness holds. The temperature dependence of any contribution to the connected Green's functions in the improved perturbation theory is analyzed systematically. At very high temperature, the photon sector becomes equivalent to a very massive scalar boson field plus a massless electromagnetic field and both become decoupled: all connected Green's functions containing, at least, one closed fermion loop with four or more vertices are shown to tend to zero.
Pulseless Disease due to Branchial Arteritis

A case of pulseless disease or branchial arteritis is described and findings of arteriography and arterial biopsy are observed. The primary lesion seems to consist of an acute neutrophilic periarteritis progressing to panarteritis, causing arterial thrombosis. Later stages are characterized by fibroblastic hypertrophy of adventitia with lymphocytic and plasmacellular infiltrations. The anatomic changes are characteristic enough to regard the condition as an independent syndrome that can usually be well differentiated from other inflammatory and degenerative arterial diseases. The arteritis in this case seemed to respond to combined steroid and anticoagulant therapy.
Collaboration of junior students and residents in a teacher course for senior medical students.

Background: This paper describes the curriculum and impact of an innovative resident-as-teacher course at the University of Massachusetts Medical School. The intent of the course is to prepare students across undergraduate and graduate medical education for their roles as teacher, learner and leader during residency.Method: The elective introduces teaching skills curricula during year two of medical school and integrates it into residency years. The course was developed with the premise that integrating facets of graduate and undergraduate medical education offers students diverse perspectives of the teaching/learning process. Students completed a pre-/post-course questionnaire and an end-of-course evaluation, from which data were gathered to determine course impact.Results: Students reported increased confidence levels in their teaching skills from pre- to post-test. Post-test data indicated that 88% of students ‘agreed’ and 12% ‘strongly agreed’ that the course equipped them with ‘skills which will enab...
Kinetic analysis of a very rapidly reverting population of high-molecular-weight phytochrome.

— Purified high-mol-wt phytochrome preparations in the absence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or 2-mercaptoethanol may exhibit lower far-red extinction in the far-red-absorbing form (Pfr) than has previously been reported. Kinetic analyses suggest that such preparations of phytochrome in the Pfr form consist either of two populations of Pfr, one with normal extinction and one with greatly reduced far-red extinction, or of one population of Pfr in which each molecule possesses both one or more high far-red extinction chromophores and one or more low far-red extinction chromophores. The low-extinction form of Pfr undergoes reversion to the red-absorbing form of phytochrome with a half-life of approximately 2 min at 3°C and may represent as much as 35 per cent of the total Pfr present.
Low power techniques for address encoding and memory allocation

This paper presents encoding techniques to optimize the switching activity on a multiplexed DRAM address bus. The DRAM switching activity can be classified either as external (between two consecutive addresses) or internal (between the row and column addresses of the same address). To eliminate the external switching activity for sequential access, we propose an optimal encoding, Pyramid code, for conventional DRAM mode as well as Burst Pyramid code for burst mode DRAM. To minimize the internal switching activity, we propose Scattered Paging for both random and sequential access patterns by exploiting the built-in virtual memory mechanism, which is commonly present on modern processors.
Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) vitellogenin: identification, purification, and immunoassay

Abstract Vitellogenin is a phospholipoglycoprotein precursor of egg yolk. In mature female fish, vitellogenin is synthesized and secreted by the liver in response to circulating estrogens. Vitellogenin is normally undetectable in the blood of male fish, but can be induced by exposure to compounds possessing estrogenic activity. Thus, the presence of vitellogenin in blood of male fish can serve as a useful biomarker for assessing previous exposure to estrogenic compounds. In the present study, we report identification and purification of vitellogenin in the mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). Anti-vitellogenin immune serum was generated and used to develop an immunoblot assay for detection of vitellogenin. A combination of immunoblotting and densitometric scanning was used to assess the time- and dose-dependent effects of 17α-ethynylestradiol on vitellogenesis in male G. affinis. The results indicate that changes in the level of vitellogenin in mosquitofish blood can be reliably detected by the immunoblot assay, and that the mosquitofish may be a useful bioindicator organism for detecting estrogenic contamination of the aquatic environment.
The SSV1 viral integrase is not essential

Viral integration is a widely conserved characteristic in viruses in all domains of life; however, its necessity is not well understood in many cases. Integration using tyrosine recombinases is one of the most widespread and best characterized mechanisms of integration. We completely removed the tyrosine recombinase integrase from the hyperthermophilic and acidophilic archaeal virus SSV1 using a novel LIPCR technique and found that the virus still replicated and spread in its host Sulfolobus solfataricus without integration. The mutant virus maintained a persistent infection but the integrase-lacking virus was less competitive than the wild-type virus when co-cultured. Based on these results, we discuss the necessity of integration and the possible advantages of this type of replication strategy.
Gliogenesis in rat spinal cord: evidence for origin of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes from radial precursors.

We have examined glial cell lineages during rat spinal cord development by using a variety of antibodies that react with immature and mature glia. Radial glia in embryonic cord bound (1) A2B5, an antibody that reacts with a glial precursor cell population in optic nerve; (2) AbR24, which is directed against GD3 ganglioside and binds to immature neuroectodermal cells and to developing oligodendrocytes in forebrain and cerebellum; and (3) an antibody to the intermediate filament, vimentin. With time, two different populations emerged, both of which seemed to be derivatives of radial cells. One cell type expressed the astrocyte intermediate filament, GFAP, in addition to vimentin. GFAP-containing cells eventually took on the forms of astrocytes in gray and white matter. The other type expressed carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme characteristic of oligodendrocytes and enriched in myelin. Carbonic anhydrase-positive cells eventually developed into small cells with oligodendrocyte morphology. Our observations suggest a common lineage for astrocytes and oligodendrocytes from radial cells during spinal cord gliogenesis.
4β, 15-Diacetoxyscirpenol induces Cytotoxicity and Alterations in Phagocytic and Fc-Receptor Expression functions in Chicken Macrophages In Vitro

Abstract4β, 15 Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species was tested for detrimental effects on macrophage viability, phagocytosis, and Fc-receptor expression. Sephadex-elicited chicken abdominal cells were harvested to establish adherent macrophage monolayers on glass coverslips. Coverslips were then assigned randomly to treatment groups (0, 12.5 and 25 μg/mL DAS). Macrophage monolayers were exposed to treatments for 1 h, washed, and tested for various functional endpoints. Treatment with DAS resulted in decreased viability of macrophages (90.8% vs 81.5% vs 70.4% viable in the 0, 12.5 and 25 μg treatments, respectively) and decreased the percentage of macrophages phagocytizing sheep erythrocytes (81.6% vs 53.1% vs 46.0%. DAS also caused a decrease in the mean number of opsonized cells engulfed per phagocytic macrophage (5.7 vs 3.7 vs 2.9). A similar trend was observed using unopsonized sheep erythrocytes (15.4% vs 7.6% vs 5.5% phagocytic macrophages and 0.29 vs 0.11 vs 0.08 erythrocy...
A MONTE CARLO STUDY ON THE SELECTION OF COINTEGRATING RANK USING INFORMATION CRITERIA

We conduct Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the use of information criteria (Akaike information criterion [AIC] and Schwarz information criterion [SC]) as an alternative to various probability-based tests for determining cointegrating rank in multivariate analysis. First, information criteria are used to determine cointegrating rank given the lag order in a levels vector autoregression. Second, information criteria are used to determine the lag order and cointegrating rank simultaneously. Results show that AIC has an advantage over trace tests for cointegrated or stationary processes in small samples. AIC does not perform well in large samples. The performance of SC is close to that of the trace test. SC shows better large sample results than AIC and the trace test, even if the series are close to nonstationary series or they contain large negative moving average components. We also find evidence that supports the joint estimation of lag order and cointegrating rank by the SC criterion. We conclude that information criteria can complement traditional parametric tests.
Stimulation of plasma waves in smooth surfaces

Abstract Applied fields provide the source term in an inhomogeneous wave equation proposed as a model for surface plasma stimulation. Radiative excitation without the intermediation of surface irregularities is predicted. A calculation illustrates some implications of the formalism.
In situ combustion measurements of CO, CO2, H2O and temperature using diode laser absorption sensors

A diode-laser sensor system based on absorption spectroscopy techniques has been developed to measure CO, CO 2 , and H 2 O concentrations and gas temperature non-intrusively in the combustion and exhaust regions above a C 2 H 4 -air burner operating at atmospheric pressure. In situ measurements of CO concentration in the combustion region (1.5 cm above the burner) and in the exhaust (79 cm above the burner) were determined from absorption lineshapes of the R(30) and R(15) transitions (2ν band) near 2.3 μ m, respectively, using new research-grade GaSb-based diode lasers. A minimum detectivity of less than 10 ppm was demonstrated in the exhaust region. In situ measurements of H 2 O concentration and gas temperature were determined from absorption lineshapes near 1.343 μ m (ν 1 +ν 3 band), 1.392 μ m (2ν 1 , ν 1 +ν 3 bands), and 1.799 μ m (2ν 2 +ν 3 ←ν 2 band) using distributed feedback (DFB) diode lasers. In situ measurements of CO 2 were recorded using a DFB laser near 1.997 μ m (R [50]) transition, ν 1 +2ν 2 +ν 3 band). Gas temperature and H 2 O and CO 2 concentrations were monitored simultaneously along a single path in the combustion region (1.5 cm above the burner surface) using a wavelength-multiplexing arrangement. The CO, CO 2 , and H 2 O concentration measurements in the combustion region agreed with calculated equilibrium populations to within the experimental uncertainty (10% for CO 2 and H 2 O, 5% for CO), and the measured temperatures were in agreement with radiation-corrected type-S thermocouple values to within 4%. These results demonstrate the utility of diode laser sensors for fast in situ measurements of multiple important combustion parameters for emissions-monitoring and closed-loop control applications.
A NEW AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT NEUROECTODERMAL SYNDROME

This report describes three males and four females in three generations of a family with a new, progressive neuroectodermal syndrome. The principal features are: seizure (6/7); cerebral vascular accident (1/7); generalized hirsutism (7/7); low frontal hair line and temporal projection of scalp hair onto forehead (7/7); coarse facies (7/7); redundance of skin of the eyelids (blepharochalasis) (5/7); thick lips (6/7) hyperplasia of tissue in anterior palatal region (4/7) and cutis verticis gyrata (5/7). Abnormalities are more marked in males. No corneal leukoma, clubbing of the digits, periostosis or mental retardation are present. Androgen profiles and FSH/LH ratios in the two cases tested are normal. The occurrence of this disorder in three generations with male-to-male transmission documents autosomal dominant inheritance. This condition has features in common with pachydermoperiostosis, however it lacks clubbing and periostosis. Pashayan et al. (1973) reported on a family with blepharo-naso-facial syndrome; these individuals have many similarities to our cases, yet they have marked dystopia canthrum, torsion dystonia, and mental retardation which are not present in our cases. Gingival fibromatosis-hypertrichoses syndrome differs by having extensive gingival fibromatosis and mental retardation. Autosomal dominant syndrome of cutis verticis gyrata and thickening of the oral mucosa (Hughes, 1983), has many features in common with our cases but lacks hirsutism. We conclude that our cases represent a new syndrome.
Epidemiology of lung cancer: A worldwide epidemic

Objectives: To examine patterns and trends in lung cancer and the risk factors associated with development of this disease. Data sources: Epidemiologic studies, research studies, review articles, and government reports pertaining to epidemiology of lung cancer. Conclusion: Epidemiological evidence documents that most lung cancer cases could be prevented. With 3 million persons worldwide dying annually from lung cancer attributable to smoking, cigarette smoking remains the number one target for public health action to reduce cancer risk in the general population. Implications for nursing practice: A useful resource for nurses is the descriptive epidemiology of lung cancer, a knowledge base that identifies who is at risk. Linking this risk information with knowledge of strategies for reducing these risks provides a basis for planning and implementing interventions to prevent lung cancer.
A Brief History of the Clinical Aphasiology Conference and Its Publications

Provides a brief history of the Clinical Aphasiology Conference and its publications through 1995.
Elimination of Adaptive Grid Interface Errors in the Discrete Cell Centered Pressure Equation

Classical cell centered discretization of the reservoir simulation pressure equation on anh-adaptive grid results in anO(1/h) leading truncation error at the grid interface. A new flux continuous finite volume correction is presented together with an improved version of a previously proposed correction. While both corrections eliminate the leading error, the new correction exhibits the best convergence rates and has the following properties: the resulting matrix is in general symmetric positive definite, diagonally dominant for locally isotropic spatially varying coefficients, convergence toO(h) is demonstrated, and support of the standard approximation is retained, ensuring a fully implicit implementation. Results computed by the uncorrected classical scheme and both correction schemes are compared for two phase flow simulations with multilevel dynamic local grid refinement.
ELF signal design

Modulation and coding techniques yielding signaling waveforms suitable for use with the Sanguine ELF Communication system must simultaneously satisfy a number of objectives. These objectives include: (1) providing a very low probability of incorrect message reception, (2) minimizing the required transmitter power by minimizing the required signal-to-noise ratio at a distant receiver, and (3) creating a signal that is difficult to spoof or jam. One suitable combination is the use of minimum shift keyed (MSK) modulation for bandspreading with binary convolutional encoding and antipodal channel symbol modulation. This signal structure in combination with sequential decoding at the receiver requires a bit-energy to effective noise-density ratio of less than 2 dB and hence is exceedingly efficient.
Jet flames from noncircular burners

Gas jets from noncircular exits entrain more air from surroundings than jets from circular exits of equivalent area. Because the mixing rate of fuel and air governs the combustion and pollutant emission of diffusion flames and partially premixed flames, noncircular geometries offer a passive control of the flame characteristics. In this paper, the literature on nonburning, noncircular jets is reviewed and recent studies on noncircular jet flames are discussed with focus on the work conducted in the author’s laboratory.
Polymorphism and reproductive mode in the rotifer, Asplanchna sieboldi: Relationship between meiotic oogenesis and shape of body‐wall outgrowths

Sexuality and polymorphism are closely coupled in the rotifer Asplanchna sieboldi. In a graded response to dietary tocopherol, embryos develop body-wall outgrowths of various sizes and shapes. Also in a graded response to this compound, some of the affected females produce eggs undergoing meiotic instead of mitotic oogenesis. The haploid eggs of such mictic females develop parthenogenetically into males instead of females. The incidence of mictic females among animals with different shapes was studied among cohorts from mothers subjected to different inducing conditions. The hypothesis that external tocopherol concentrations absolutely fix the probability of meiotic oogenesis was rejected. The other extreme hypothesis, that the probability of meiotic oogenesis is fixed by morphotype, was rejected for animals at the low end of the morphotypic scale but accepted for the more strongly-affected individuals. The probability of meiotic oogenesis is thus constant for the higher morphotypes. The ascertainment of morphotype frequencies in natural or laboratory populations may suffice for estimating the incidence of sexual forms; furthermore, studies of factors affecting the body-wall-outgrowth response may also bear directly upon regulation of sexual reproduction in this species.
Design issues in real-time

The meaning of 'real-time system' is defined, and two types are identified: soft real-time systems, for which performance is degraded but not destroyed by failure to meet response time constraints, and hard real-time systems, for which failure to meet response time constraints leads to system failure. The concepts of events and determinism are examined. >
Understanding expertise in information systems design, or, what's all the fuss about objects?

Abstract The concept of Object Orientation (OO) is very appealing to many in the information systems field. Although it requires a radical shift in the traditional systems development paradigm, many have begun to embrace it. This paper explores the literature on knowledge representation and expertise in the cognitive sciences and in information systems to lend substance to the underlying OO approach. We show that OO closely parallels our current understanding of the concept of expert knowledge representation based on schemata and scripts, and thus is particularly attractive to individuals who are or aspire to be ‘expert’ systems developers. We then examine the IS literature on expertise and reinterpret findings to support our depiction of expertise within IS. The OO approach incorporates many of the characteristics of expert-level knowledge representation, which may explain its appeal to those in the systems development profession. We propose that the OO methodology also contributes to the acquisition of expertise by documenting and sharing the modelling approach of those with considerable IS design expertise.
Applying the spectral density method to U(1) gauge theory

Abstract The utility of the spectral density method is investigated by studying the deconfining phase transition in U(1) pure gauge theory in the fundamental-adjoint plane.
Antigenic similarity between the first and later egg passage strains of freshly recovered influenza A viruses.

SummaryCross-neutralization experiments in ovo with 1st and later chick embryo passage strains of freshly recovered influenza A viruses showed no definite difference in their antigenic composition. However, the reactivity relative to guinea pig and chicken erythrocytes underwent a rapid and profound change between the 1st and 2nd embryo passages.
Cysteine string protein, a DnaJ family member, is present on diverse secretory vesicles

Synaptic vesicles are the secretory organelles responsible for the regulated secretion of neurotransmission. Proteins associated with or integral components of the lipid bilayer likely represent important components in regulated secretion. CSP (cysteine string protein) is a 34 kDa protein which copurifies with cholinergic synaptic vesicles from the marine ray Torpedo californica. In Drosophila melanogaster deletion of the CSP gene causes impaired presynaptic neuromuscular transmission. A rat brain complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding CSP was isolated and sequence analysis predicts a protein with 86% identity to Torpedo CSP. Rat CSP contains a "J domain" as well as a cysteine rich "string" region. The J domain "fingerprints" the CSP family as members of the universally conserved DnaJ/hsp40 (heat shock protein) chaperone family. Polyclonal antisera raised against a seventeen amino acid peptide representing the carboxy terminus of rat CSP detected a 35 kDa immunoreactive protein in a rat brain synaptic vesicle enriched preparation. A 35 kDa immunoreactive protein that comigrates electrophoretically with rat brain CSP was also detected in zymogen granule membranes. These results establish the presence of a CSP in rat brain and in the zymogen granule of the rat pancreas and suggest that CSPs have a role in exocrine and neural secretion.
758-5 Influence of Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Vasodilatory Capacity in Chronic Heart Failure

Background Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) are known to exhibit abnormalities in redistribution of blood flow and vasodilatory capacity during exercise. Exercise training has recently been recognized as an important therapeutic modality for patients with CHF. Training has been shown to improve vasodilatory capacity among normals in training-specific muscle. Methods Seventeen patients with first-diagnosis of CHF due to coronary artery disease (56 ± 5 years, mean EF = 32 ± 6%) were randomized to an exercise training group (N = 8), or a control group (N = 9). At randomization, patients in both groups initiated ace-inhibition therapy. Patients in the training group performed one hour of daily walking along with four sessions per week of high intensity monitored stationary cycling (40 minutes at 70 to 80% peak capacity) at a residential rehabilitation center for a period of two months. Control patients received usual community care. Calf baseline and post-ischemic flow rates were measured by strain gauge plethysmography before and after the study period. Results Training resulted in a 25% increase in maximal oxygen uptake (19.6 ± 3 vs. 24.9 ± 3 ml/kg/min, p l 0.01), whereas control patients did not change significantly (19.6 ± 4 vs. 19.3 ± 5 ml/kg/min). Leg baseline flow was similar in both groups initially and did not change with training (1.3 ± 0.6 vs. 1.6 ± 0.6 m/100 ml in trained patients and 1.8 ± 0.6 vs. 1.9 ± 0.6 ml/l00 ml in controls). Post-ischemic leg flow however, was significantly higher in both groups (14.4 ± 8.0 vs 19.9 ± 8.1 mill 00 ml in trained patients and 15.0 ± 8.1 vs. 20.3 ± 8.1 in controls, p l 0.05 for both groups). Conclusion The trained group improved post-ischemic leg flow, suggesting an improved vasodilatory capacity. However, the control group improved to a similar degree, suggesting that ACE inhibition therapy, not exercise training, causes the improvement. These data underscore the importance of treating these patients with ACE inhibitors.
Distribution, sources and fates of floating oil residues in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico

Abstract Pelagic tar was monitored over a two-year period in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico. A total of 416 surface and subsurface samples were collected during monthly cruises. Concentrations of pelagic tar found in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico were substantially higher than values reported for other areas around the world. Tar is primarily associated with the Gulf Loop Current, whereas continental shelf areas are relatively uncontaminated. Grounding of significant amounts of tar occurs primarily along the south-east coast of Florida, between Key West and Fort Pierce. Approximately 10–50% of the tar in the eastern Gulf is transported in from the Caribbean Sea via the Yucatan Straits. The remainder originates within the Gulf. Approximately half of the pelagic tar samples collected during the study appeared to have originated from tanker operations.
Issue Management Gone Awry: When Not to Respond to an Online Reputation Threat

This study examines the confounding nature of an online reputation threat and argues that in certain cases, and specifically in the case of parody, responding to a reputation threat can be more damaging than ignoring the issue. Analysis suggests that understanding the process by which information goes viral and the unique attribute of humor in perpetuating the spread of information online can prevent organizations from making inappropriate reputation management decisions. Finally, this study calls for organizations to actively engage in the discussion that is already creating their reputation online.
Design and Evaluation of a Rotating Basket-Paddle Dissolution Apparatus

AbstractThe rotating basket-paddle dissolution apparatus is a combination of the USP/NF rotating basket and rotating paddle. A comparative dissolution study was performed utilizing this new apparatus and the two USP/NF apparatus at various stirring speeds using non-disintegrating oxalic acid tablets and disintegrating aspirin tablets. The amount of drug released using the new apparatus was significantly higher than the rotating basket but significantly lower than the rotating paddle at each of the stirring speeds studied. The results obtained using this new apparatus were highly reproducible compared to the USP/NF apparatus.
A high sensitivity and process tolerant digital thermal sensing scheme for 3-D Ics

Thermal sensing is a pressing need in stacked 3-D chips with limited number of vertical heat conduits. In 3-D systems with active temperature control, the controller is reliant on sensors placed on individual planes to provide the necessary thermal feedback. To this end we propose a delay-line based thermal-sensor which provides a high temperature-sensitivity, high level of process-robustness and is amenable to the TSV-based communication paradigm used in 3D systems. The temperature-sensitive piece mitigates the high process-susceptibility of 3-D circuits through usage of multiple logic-stages composed of long-channel devices and elimination of common-mode noise on the delay-line pair. The thermal information is conveyed to the controller in the form of a signal-frequency and hence is insensitive to path-mismatch in TSV wires. A high post-digitization temperature sensitivity of 0.82%/°C was achieved. The 1-σ accuracy loss due to process-variations and supply-noise was limited to 0.78°C and 1.06°C respectively indicating a high level of process-tolerance.
Predicting the Academic Success of Mexican American and White College Students

This study examined whether the addition of college variables to a model consisting only ofprecollege variables would improve the prediction of the academic success of Mexican American and White college students. Participants were 225 Mexican American and 83 White first-year college students. A multiple regression analysis, which controlled for differences in high school academic background, indicated that three college variables (academic self-concept, education major, and social science major) were significantly related to grade point average for Mexican Americans. A logistic regression analysis, which also controlled for high school academic record, indicated that three majors (education, social sciences, and natural sciences) were significantly related to academic progressfor Mexican Americans. Overall, the collegefactors significantly enhanced the prediction of academic success for Mexican Americans but not for Whites. Results are discussed in terms of providing appropriate academic programs and supp...
Remission in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus After Combination Chemotherapy for Hodgkin's Disease

IT IS generally agreed that the prognosis for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) improves dramatically after the introduction of high-dose corticosteroids. 1,2 Evidence of benefit from treatment with cytotoxic agents is less compelling, but many authorities recommend them for patients with diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis or cerebritis. 2 Lack of positive proof of their efficacy is due to difficulty in obtaining the large number of patients required for a thorough study (ie, one that avoids the type II error of finding no difference between treatment groups, even though one exists). In the absence of such studies, individual judgments are based more on clinical experience and anecdotal reports. The present report describes a man with SLE who experienced a prolonged, complete, clinical and serological remission from the disease after combination chemotherapy for coincidental Hodgkin's disease. This case is presented to raise the question of whether effective combination chemotherapy might be safer
Continuous absorption coefficients of chlorine

Abstract Continuous absorption coefficients of chlorine have been calculated at wavelengths between 4000 and 2300 A for temperatures from 291 to 2400°K. The necessary partial absorption coefficients were calculated on a high-speed electronic digital computer. The resulting total absorption coefficients for chlorine agree well enough with the available experimental data to verify existing theory.
Carbonyl carbon label selective (CCLS) 1H–15N HSQC experiment for improved detection of backbone 13C–15N cross peaks in larger proteins

We present a highly sensitive pulse sequence, carbonyl carbon label selective 1H–15N HSQC (CCLS-HSQC) for the detection of signals from 1H–15N units involved in 13C′–15N linkages. The CCLS-HSQC pulse sequence utilizes a modified 15N CT evolution period equal to 1/( \( {\text{2}}^{{\text{1}}}J_{{\rm NC^{\prime } }} \)) (∼33 ms) to select for 13C′–15N pairs. By collecting CCLS-HSQC and HNCO data for two proteins (8 kDa ubiquitin and 20 kDa HscB) at various temperatures (5–40°C) in order to vary correlation times, we demonstrate the superiority of the CCLS-HSQC pulse sequence for proteins with long correlation times (i.e. higher molecular weight). We then show that the CCLS-HSQC experiment yields assignments in the case of a 41 kDa protein incorporating pairs of 15N- and 13C′-labeled amino acids, where a TROSY 2D-HN(CO) had failed. Although the approach requires that the 1H–15N HSQC cross peaks be observable, it does not require deuteration of the protein. The method is suitable for larger proteins and is less affected by conformational exchange than HNCO experiments, which require a longer period of transverse 15N magnetization. The method also is tolerant to the partial loss of signal from isotopic dilution (scrambling). This approach will be applicable to families of proteins that have been resistant to NMR structural and dynamic analysis, such as large enzymes, and partially folded or unfolded proteins.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integration protein: DNA sequence requirements for cleaving and joining reactions.

Using purified integration protein (IN) from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 and oligonucleotide mimics of viral and target DNA, we have investigated the DNA sequence specificity of the cleaving and joining reactions that take place during retroviral integration. The first reaction in this process is selective endonucleolytic cleaving of the viral DNA terminus that generates a recessed 39 OH group. This 39 OH group is then joined to a 59 phosphoryl group located at a break in the target DNA. We found that the conserved CA located close to the 39 end of the plus strand of the U5 viral terminus (also present on the minus strand of the U3 terminus) was required for both cleaving and joining reactions. Six bases of HIV U5 or U3 DNA at the ends of model substrates were sufficient for nearly maximal levels of selective endonucleolytic cleaving and joining. However, viral sequence elements upstream of the terminal 6 bases could also affect the efficiencies of the cleaving and joining reactions. The penultimate base (C) on the minus strand of HIV U5 was required for optimal joining activity. A synthetic oligonucleotide mimic of the putative in vivo viral "DNA" substrate for HIV IN, a molecule that contained a terminal adenosine 59-phosphate (rA) on the minus strand, was indistinguishable in the cleaving and joining reactions from the DNA substrate containing deoxyadenosine instead of adenosine 59-phosphate at the terminal position. Single-stranded DNA served as an in vitro integration target for HIV IN. The DNA sequence specificity of the joining reaction catalyzed in the reverse direction was also investigated. Images
On the role of automated theorem proving in the compile-time derivation of concurrency

A recent trend in program development is to derive correct implementations from program specifications by the application of a formal calculus, a ‘programming methodology’. The application of formal rules lends itself to automation. We investigate the automation of one part of a methodology for programming with concurrency. In this methodology, concurrency is derived by transforming the sequential execution of a program into an equivalent concurrent execution on the basis of formal transformation rules. Such rules can be interpreted as theorems of semantic equivalences. The mechanical certification of these theorems would significantly enhance the reliability of the methodology. The following is an initial exploration of this problem applied to a certain class of programs: sorting networks. We present an implementation of a part of the underlying semantic theory in Boyer and Moore's mechanized logic, and report on the mechanical proof of a transformation that derives concurrency for an insertion sort.