cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pheochromocytoma of the Prostate: An Unusual Location

We report a case of pheochromocytoma of the prostate. The clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, therapy and pathological findings are discussed.
Extramedullary Tumors of Lymphoid or Myeloid Blasts: The Role of Immunohistology in Diagnosis and Classification

The diagnosis of primitive hematologic malignancies in extramedullar) sites (lymphoblastic lymphoma of T- or B-cell type and myeloid sarcoma) on paraffin-embedded tissue sections is difficult and often impossible because of the primitive morphology of the neoplastic cells. The authors studied 21 extramedullar)1 tumors of lymphoid or myeloid blasts. They used a panel of 22 antibodies on frozen sections and 9 antibodies on paraffin sections to determine the spectrum of immunophenotypes and to develop a practical panel for diagnosis. All but two of the cases could be classified as lymphoid or myeloid using immunohistologic analysis. Thirteen cases were classified as lymphoblastic lymphoma/ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (LBL/ALL); 10 were classified as precursor T (CD7+, CD3+/−, CD45+) and 3 as precursor B-cell (CDI9+/− CD10+ CD45−) type. Five cases were classified as myeloid sarcoma (CD13+ myeloperoxidase+, lysozyme+). Two LBL/ALL coexpressed either CD33 (1 case) or CD 15 (1 case), and one myeloid sarcoma coexpressed TdT and CD7. One case appeared to be truly mixed lineage, coexpressing CD3 with myeloperoxidase and lysozyme, and two cases expressed no lineage-specific antigens. There were clinical differences between the three major tumor types, and within the category of T-precursor LBL/ALL, classification according to stage of thymocyte differentiation was associated with distinctive clinical features. In conclusion, the spectrum of immunophenotypes detected on frozen section was similar to that reported by flow cytometry on peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens. The most useful antigens on frozen sections were CD7 and CD3 (T cell), CD10 and CD19 (B cell), and CD13 (myeloid). TdT was coexpressed by one myeloid sarcoma and was undetectable in 40% of LBL/ALL. On paraffin sections, myeloperoxidase and lysozyme were reliable markers of myeloid lineage, but none of the markers used on paraffin sections distinguished between LBL/ALL of T-and B-precursor types. Both B-LBL/ALLand myeloid sarcomas were often CD45− on paraffin sections, which may be a obstacle in determining the diagnosis. These distinctions appear to have clinical relevance.
Central Nervous System Stimulants and Movement Disorders

A number of hyperkinetic movement disorders can occur with use of CNS stimulants. These include tremor, tic disorders, stereotypies, compulsive behaviors, dystonia, and chorea. Other than tremor, these other movement disorders are relatively rarely observed with acute intoxication but become more prevalent in individuals addicted to cocaine and methamphetamine and likely reflected the development of drug-induced sensitization. Most of these conditions do not require specific treatment other than drug discontinuation.
On technology abandonment or discontinuance

Abstract Despite the best efforts of the assistive technology (AT) specialist and others involved in the design process, there are times when a custom AT solution for an employee accommodation fails to work as desired, or stops being used. This “technology abandonment” or “discontinuance” can be due to many factors. Sometimes the solution doesn’t work as desired, the design is flawed or overly complex, or there is a mismatch between the solution and the user’s needs and expectations. Inadequate training or lack of support from the employer can lead to poor outcomes. Less negatively, the job tasks, tools, and procedures might change, the user’s ability level might improve or get worse, or they might arrive at a strategy that works better for them. At other times, there are subjective reasons that are beyond the control of the technology provider. Ultimately, user involvement remains the key to successful outcomes.
Acute Cardiometabolic Responses to Three Modes of Treadmill Exercise in Older Adults With Parkinson's Disease.

The purpose of this study was to compare acute cardiometabolic responses to 3 modes of treadmill exercise in adults diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Eight elderly adults with PD (67.9 ± 3.0 yr) completed 1 session each on a land, aquatic, and antigravity treadmill at 50% body weight. Participants walked from 1 to 3 mph in 0.5-mph increments at 0% grade for 5 min at each speed. Heart rate, energy expenditure, blood pressure, and rating of perceived exertion were measured at rest and during exercise. All variables except diastolic blood pressure increased with speed on all treadmills (p < .001). At all speeds except 1.5 mph, heart rate was higher on the land treadmill than the antigravity treadmill (p < .05). Exercising on an aquatic or antigravity treadmill elicits similar submaximal physiologic responses to exercise on a land treadmill in adults with PD.
Mathieu–Zhao subspaces of vertex algebras

We introduce a notion of Mathieu–Zhao subspaces of vertex algebras. Among other things, we show that for a vertex algebra V and its subspace M that contains C2(V ), M is a Mathieu–Zhao subspace of ...
School librarians in Sweden: A case study in change:

This study reveals the complexities and dynamics of law, governance, and practice that have impacted school libraries in Sweden. The Education Act of 2010 and the Swedish Library Act of 2013, which...
Interferon downstream signaling is activated early in pre-symptomatic Niemann-Pick disease type C

Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a fatal neurodegenerative condition with no FDA-approved therapy. Previous studies demonstrated that neuroinflammation is an early pathologic event and a disease modifier of NPC, affecting symptomatic onset and overall lifespan. Therefore, NPC-specific anti-inflammatory therapy may result in clinical benefit. However, to date, the initial trigger of the inflammatory onset and the mechanism driving the sustained chronic neuroinflammation remain unknown. In this study, we utilized a genome-wide transcriptome analysis to identify the key pathways involved in early NPC. Our results showed that an atypical pattern of interferon downstream signaling that involves both IFN-γ- and IFN-α-responsive genes is activated in pre-symptomatic Npc1-/- cerebella. Functional analysis of the differentially expressed genes highlighted microglial activation, anti-viral response, and T-lymphocyte activation and chemotaxis pathways. Multiplex protein analysis confirmed that a potent IFN-γ-responsive cytokine, IP-10/CXCL10 was significantly upregulated in the pre-symptomatic stage and further exacerbated in the terminal stage. In addition, several IFN-γ-responsive cytokines were elevated in the terminal stage Npc1-/- cerebella, including MIG/CXCL9, MCP-1/CCL2, MIP-1α/CCL3, MIP-1β/CCL4, RANTES/CCL5, M-CSF, and IL-1α. Together, our results describe a novel activation pattern of interferon downstream signaling in pre-symptomatic NPC, as well as key inflammatory mediators that could serve as potential targets for NPC-specific anti-inflammatory therapy.
The development of elementary pre-service teachers’ professional noticing of students’ thinking through adapted Lesson Study

The purpose of the study was to investigate how Lesson Study influences pre-service teachers’ learning to professionally notice students’ mathematical thinking. The initial and last video-recorded ...
Bis[2-(thio­phen-2-yl)quinoxaline-κN4]silver(I) tetra­fluoridoborate

In the title compound, [Ag(C12H8N2S)2]BF4, the two-coordinate AgI ion lies on a crystallographic inversion center and is linearly bonded to the N-donor atoms of two separate quinoxaline ligands. The thio­phenyl ring of the ligand is nearly coplanar with the quinoxaline ring system [dihedral angle = 9.15 (13)°]. In the crystal, the complex mol­ecules pack in layers parallel to (-102) and form weak π–π ring stacking inter­actions [minimum ring centroid separation = 3.7054 (17) A]. The tetra­fluoridoroborate anion is equally disordered about an inversion center.
The Impact of Age and Gender on Outcomes of Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated With Targeted Therapy

Abstract Background A growing body of evidence suggests that age and gender play a role in cancer outcomes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of age and gender on survival of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods We conducted a pooled analysis of patients with metastatic RCC treated on phase II and III clinical trials. Patients were stratified by age (young [ 70 years]) and gender. Statistical analyses were performed using Cox regression adjusted for several risk factors and the Kaplan-Meier method. Results We identified 4736 patients with metastatic RCC. Overall, there was no difference in overall survival (OS) when stratified by age (21.0 vs. 17.3 months for elderly vs. intermediate age groups, P = .382; 20.0 vs. 17.3 months for young vs. intermediate age groups, P = .155) or gender (19.8 vs. 19.0 for male vs. female, P = .510). Progression-free survival (PFS) was shorter in younger individuals compared with the intermediate age patients (6.0 vs. 7.1 months, P Conclusions Although OS was similar between age groups, younger individuals had a shorter PFS. Gender was not an independent determinant of survival. Elderly patients experienced more adverse events than their younger counterparts. These findings are important to guide clinicians when counseling patients about expectations and toxicity associated with therapy.
Short Acquisition Time Super-Resolution Ultrasound Microvessel Imaging via Microbubble Separation

Super-resolution ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM), based on localization and tracking of individual microbubbles (MBs), offers unprecedented microvascular imaging resolution at clinically relevant penetration depths. However, ULM is currently limited by the requirement of dilute MB concentrations to ensure spatially sparse MB events for accurate localization and tracking. The corresponding long imaging acquisition times (tens of seconds or several minutes) to accumulate sufficient isolated MB events for full reconstruction of microvasculature preclude the clinical translation of the technique. To break this fundamental tradeoff between acquisition time and MB concentration, in this paper we propose to separate spatially overlapping MB events into sub-populations, each with sparser MB concentration, based on spatiotemporal differences in the flow dynamics (flow speeds and directions). MB localization and tracking are performed for each sub-population separately, permitting more robust ULM imaging of high-concentration MB injections. The superiority of the proposed MB separation technique over conventional ULM processing is demonstrated in flow channel phantom data, and in the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryos with optical imaging as an in vivo reference standard. Substantial improvement of ULM is further demonstrated on a chicken embryo tumor xenograft model and a chicken brain, showing both morphological and functional microvasculature details at super-resolution within a short acquisition time (several seconds). The proposed technique allows more robust MB localization and tracking at relatively high MB concentrations, alleviating the need for dilute MB injections, and thereby shortening the acquisition time of ULM imaging and showing great potential for clinical translation.
Migration and sovereign default risk

Abstract During sovereign debt crises, countries experience persistent economic declines, spiking spreads, and outflows of capital and workers. To account for these salient features, we develop a sovereign default model with migration and capital accumulation. The model has a two-way feedback. Default risk lowers workers’ welfare and induces emigration, which in turn intensifies default risk by lowering tax base and investment. Compared with a no-migration model, our model produces higher default risk, lower investment, and a more profound and prolonged recession. We find that migration accounts for almost all of the lack of recovery in GDP during the recent Spanish debt crisis.
ADHD: Clinical Management

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) is among the most common behavioral-developmental disorders, affecting 5–15% of children in developed countries. This rate has risen rapidly in the past 20 years as a result of better recognition, more treatment options, and perhaps an actual increase in prevalence. AD/HD is likely to be common in developing countries as well, although less frequently recognized as a medical condition. As awareness of developmental problems grows and life-threatening infectious diseases decline, physicians in developing countries will be called upon to identify and manage AD/HD. Regardless of setting, diagnosis and management of ADHD must occur at the level of primary care because there are simply not enough sub-specialists available. The hallmarks of AD/HD are readily apparent, and effective and safe medications exist. However, there are many diverse conditions that may mimic the condition or co-exist with it, and it can be difficult to find the right medication and titrate it to the optimal dose, which may change over time. Non-medication treatments can be effective for many of the behaviors that accompany AD/HD, but these require education of parents, children, and teachers. With these complexities in mind, this chapter seeks to present strategies and tools that facilitate efficient and thorough management of AD/HD in the outpatient setting.
Target tracking reveals the time course of visual processing with millisecond-scale precision

Image differences between the eyes can cause millisecond-scale interocular differences in processing speed. For moving objects, these differences can cause dramatic misperceptions of distance and 3D direction. Here, we develop a continuous target-tracking paradigm for measuring these processing differences. Human observers continuously tracked a target stimulus with various luminance differences across the eyes as it underwent Brownian motion in the horizontal plane. We show that suitable analysis recovers the time course of the visuomotor response, and comparisons across conditions reveal the temporal evolution of visual processing differences between the eyes. Next, we show analytically, and partially confirm experimentally, that the interocular difference between the temporal impulse response functions predicts how lateral target motion impacts the motion-in-depth response. Finally, using a direct within-observer comparison, we show that target tracking and traditional psychophysics provide scalar estimates of interocular delays that agree on average to within a fraction of a millisecond. Thus, target tracking accurately recovers millisecond-scale differences in processing speed while revealing the millisecond-by-millisecond time course of visual processing, all in a fraction of the time required by traditional methods. This paradigm provides the potential for new predictive power, the application of analytical techniques from computational neuroscience, and the rapid measurement of clinical and developmental populations in which traditional psychophysics might be impractical.
Dose-Distribution-Driven PET Image-Based Outcome Prediction (DDD-PIOP): A Deep Learning Study for Oropharyngeal Cancer IMRT Application.

Purpose To develop a deep learning-based AI agent, DDD-PIOP (Dose-Distribution-Driven PET Image Outcome Prediction), for predicting 18FDG-PET image outcomes of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) in response to intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Methods DDD-PIOP uses pre-radiotherapy 18FDG-PET/CT images and the planned spatial dose distribution as the inputs, and it predicts the 18FDG-PET image outcomes in response to the planned IMRT delivery. This AI agent centralizes a customized convolutional neural network (CNN) as a deep learning approach, and it incorporates a few designs to enhance prediction accuracy. 66 OPC patients who received IMRT treatment on a sequential boost regime (2 Gy/daily fraction) were studied for DDD-PIOP development. 61 patients were used for AI agent training/validation, and the remaining five were used as independent tests. To evaluate the developed AI agent's performance, the predicted mean standardized uptake values (SUVs) of gross tumor volume (GTV) and clinical target volume (CTV) were compared with the ground truth values. Overall SUV distribution accuracy was evaluated by gamma test passing rates under different criteria. Results The developed DDD-PIOP successfully generated 18FDG-PET image outcome predictions for five test patients. The predicted mean SUV values of GTV/CTV were 3.50/1.41, which were close to the ground-truth values of 3.57/1.51. In 2D-based gamma tests, the average passing rate was 92.1% using 5%/10 mm criteria, which was improved to 95.9%/93.2% when focusing on GTV/CTV regions. 3D gamma test passing rates were 98.7% using 5%/10 mm criteria, and the corresponding GTV/CTV results were 99.8%/99.4%. Conclusion The reported results suggest that the developed AI agent DDD-PIOP successfully predicted 18FDG-PET image outcomes with high quantitative accuracy. The generated voxel-based image outcome predictions could be used for treatment planning optimization prior to radiation delivery for the best individual-based outcome.
Energy Saving in TSCH Networks by Means of Proactive Reduction of Idle Listening

Conserving energy is probably the most important requirement in wireless sensor networks. In TSCH, this goal is obtained by subdividing time into slots, and by switching the communication interface of Internet of Things devices (frequently referred to as motes) off when, at any given time, neither transmissions nor receptions are scheduled for them. Nevertheless, in this kind of networks a considerable amount of energy may still be wasted due to idle listening. This occurs every time a cell is scheduled for frame reception but no transmissions are performed in the related slot and channel.
Synchrotron and Synchrotron Self-Compton Spectral Signatures and Blazar Emission Models

We find that energy losses due to synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emission in blazar jets can produce distinctive signatures in the time-averaged synchrotron and SSC spectra of these objects. For a fairly broad range of particle injection distributions, SSC-loss dominated synchrotron emission exhibits a spectral dependence $F_\nu \sim \nu^{-3/2}$. The presence or absence of this dependence in the optical and ultraviolet spectra of flat spectrum radio quasars such as 3C~279 and in the soft X-ray spectra of high frequency BL Lac objects such as Mrk 501 gives a robust measure of the importance of SSC losses. Furthermore, for partially cooled particle distributions, spectral breaks of varying sizes can appear in the synchrotron and SSC spectra and will be related to the spectral indices of the emission below the break. These spectral signatures place constraints on the size scale and the non-thermal particle content of the emitting plasma as well as the observer orientation relative to the jet axis.
Reference and information services: an introduction.: 6th ed. Melissa A. Wong and Laura Saunders (Eds.), Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited, 2020, xiv + 748 pp., $75.00, ISBN 978-1-4408-7504-5

The sixth edition of this textbook, a standard in many library classes, is an update from its 2016 fifth edition. The contents between the fifth and sixth edition are fairly similar, but the update...
Nivolumab Use for First-Line Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Results of a Real-World Cohort of Patients

Background Patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have a poor prognosis. First-line multikinase inhibitors like sorafenib and lenvatinib are poorly tolerated and have low response rates. Several clinical trials have shown tolerability and efficacy of immunotherapy in this setting. The objective of this retrospective study was to determine the outcomes of front-line nivolumab in a frail real-world population. Observations In this retrospective study conducted between January 2016 and December 2019, 14 men (median age, 63.5 years; range, 58-72 years) with HCC received nivolumab as front-line systemic therapy. Only 2 patients had a response to immunotherapy (14.3%), of which 1 patient had a complete response (7.1%). The median progression-free survival was 4 months and median overall survival was 8 months. Incidence of grade 3 or higher toxicity was 35%. Conclusions In our small, real-world cohort of patients receiving immunotherapy as front-line systemic treatment for HCC, outcomes were poor with front-line immunotherapy.
How Similar Are Real Estate Agents and Human-Service Workers? A Study of Real Estate Agents’ Responses to Distressed Clients

The study of job burnout has focused primarily on workers who hold human-service jobs, such as teachers, nurses, and social workers. Little extant research, however, has explored emotional communication and job burnout among workers from other industries. The present study used the empathic communication model of burnout to explore how interactions with distressed clients affect real estate agents’ feelings of burnout and thoughts of quitting. A total of 287 real estate agents and brokers completed an online questionnaire about their empathic responses to client distress, communicative responsiveness, burnout, and thoughts of quitting. Results indicate that the empathic communication model of burnout offers adequate explanation for the relationship between empathy, communication, and burnout for real estate agents. Practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed.
Raman spectroscopy analysis of conformation changes in amino acids

Deciphering molecular changes (such as structure conformation) in complex systems can be challenging. If these conformation changes could be monitored in real time and modeled, it would open up new opportunities to gain a deeper understanding of signal pathways in biological systems. Through the use of confocal Raman spectroscopy, which captures the molecular fingerprint with high precision, we monitored the evolution of these changes over time. The key was to identify the spectral regions within the Raman spectrum. We employed an adaptive principal component analysis (PCA) technique to study Raman spectra and modeled strain conditions in this molecular network. Experiments were completed according to a full factorial design of experiment (DOE) approach with variable parameters including laser power density and stage temperature over the spectral range of 50-4000 /cm. Thermal effects were also introduced through the controllable micro-stage heater. We implemented this adaptive PCA technique on both individual and blended amino acids in order to highlight vibrational modes within complex samples. We examined three structurally similar branched chain amino acids to study similarities and identified specific vibrational modes that indicate molecular bending, rocking, and wagging. Results demonstrate that adaptive PCA is capable of highlighting subtle changes in molecular networks due to environmental and compositional variations. With an understanding of which data (spectral band) is more important, this speeds up computation and provides real-time analysis for monitoring conformational changes.
Giant cell myocarditis

Giant cell myocarditis (GCM) usually presents as acute dilated cardiomyopathy that does not improve with guideline-based treatments. Ventricular tachycardia and heart block occur in a substantial number of patients. Diagnosis by endomyocardial biopsy can allow for the addition of immunosuppressive therapy and timely use of mechanical circulatory support when indicated. Recent studies suggest that the ventricular arrhythmias in GCM may be mediated by a cytokine-induced change in desmosomal protein expression. Genomic and proteomic studies suggest that the regulation of inflammatory pathways differs in GCM from lymphocytic myocarditis. Transplantation remains an effective therapy despite a 20–25% risk of GCM recurrence in the allograft. Recurrence in the native heart occurs up to 8 years after initial diagnosis. The long-term management of GCM patients, who initially recover, is not known and highlights the need for continuing multicenter collaborative clinical investigations.
Targeting MYC-enhanced glycolysis for the treatment of small cell lung cancer.

Introduction The transcription factor MYC is overexpressed in 30% of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) tumors and is known to modulate the balance between two major pathways of metabolism: glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. This duality of MYC underscores the importance of further investigation into its role in SCLC metabolism and could lead to insights into metabolic targeting approaches. Methods We investigated differences in metabolic pathways in transcriptional and metabolomics datasets based on cMYC expression in patient and cell line samples. Metabolic pathway utilization was evaluated by flow cytometry and Seahorse extracellular flux methodology. Glycolysis inhibition was evaluated in vitro and in vivo using PFK158, a small molecular inhibitor of PFKFB3. Results MYC-overexpressing SCLC patient samples and cell lines exhibited increased glycolysis gene expression directly mediated by MYC. Further, MYC-overexpressing cell lines displayed enhanced glycolysis consistent with the Warburg effect, while cell lines with low MYC expression appeared more reliant on oxidative metabolism. Inhibition of glycolysis with PFK158 preferentially attenuated glucose uptake, ATP production, and lactate in MYC-overexpressing cell lines. Treatment with PFK158 in xenografts delayed tumor growth and decreased glycolysis gene expression. Conclusions Our study highlights an in-depth characterization of SCLC metabolic programming and presents glycolysis as a targetable mechanism downstream of MYC that could offer therapeutic benefit in a subset of SCLC patients.
The role of stress and age in spatial navigation deficits following prenatal exposure to ethanol

The effects of prior experience with swimming on performance in a Morris water task were examined in 21- and 24-day-old rats whose dams consumed liquid diets containing either 35% or 0% ethanol-derived calories (EDO on Days 6-20 of pregnancy, or ad-lib lab chow and water (LC) throughout pregnancy. At 21 days of age, prenatal alcohol-exposed (35%EDC) rats displayed impaired performance relative to pair-fed (0%EDC) and chow-fed (LC) control groups, regardless of prior swimming experience. At 24 days of age, the performance of 35%EDC rats not given swimming experience prior to training did not differ from controls, which suggests that some recovery from fetal alcohol effects had occurred. Among groups given prior swimming experience, however, the 35%EDC rats took longer than the 0%EDC or the LC control groups to find the platform in the Morris maze at 24 days of age. The results suggest that in utero ethanol exposure produces a transient deficit in spatial navigation abilities at around 21 days of age, but that animals appear to recover by around 24 days of age. This deficit appeared to be revealed in 24-day-old rats by giving the animals swim experience prior to training. The results suggest that the present and similar deficits and in spatial navigation in prenatal alcohol-exposed rats may be due to increased and/or prolonged stress responses to the task in alcohol-exposed offspring, and not to a hippocampus-mediated deficit in spatial navigation per se.
Analysis of microstrip structures of finite ground plane using the hybrid volume-surface integral equation approach

The hybrid volume-surface integral equation (VSIE) approach has been applied to calculate the input impedance of the printed structure with finite ground plane. The calculated results for a rectangular patch antenna have been compared with experiment and good agreement is observed. When the ground plane size increases, the input impedance converges to the result of infinite ground plane. An important advantage of the VSIE algorithm is that it can be used to simulate the printed structure of finite, arbitrary shaped ground plane.
SPECIFIC VIRAL INTERFERENCE IN HELA CELL CULTURES CHRONICALLY INFECTED WITH COXSACKIE B5 VIRUS

Crowell, Richard L. (Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa.). Specific viral interference in HeLa cell cultures chronically infected with Coxsackie B5 virus. J. Bacteriol. 86:517-526. 1963.-The presence of large amounts of Coxsackie B5 virus in culture fluids of a HeLa subline, serially propagated over a 3-year period, provided evidence for attainment of a viral carrier state. Human serum in the growth medium of carrier cultures appeared prerequisite for maintenance of a stable virus-cell equilibrium. Virus was eliminated from HeLa cells by addition of B5 antiserum to the growth medium, whereas subcultivation in calf serum medium resulted in cellular degeneration by virus. HeLa cells, chronically infected by B5 virus, retained normal morphology in monolayer cultures and were found preservable by freezing. Persistently infected HeLa cells formed colonies with high efficiency in a medium containing B5 antiserum, to provide evidence that the majority of cells in carrier populations were not fatally infected. The significance of occurrence of small and large plaque variants of B5 virus in the carrier system remains to be determined. Coxsackie B5-carrier cultures were found specifically resistant to superinfection by all members of Coxsackie group B. This resistance, due to viral interference, was not extended to three immunological types of Coxsackie group A, poliovirus types 1 to 3, adenovirus T1, or vaccinia virus. Viral interference was found to be a consequence of altered surfaces of carrier cells, as reflected by decreased adsorption kinetics and cell penetration by Coxsackie group B viruses. The data suggested that Coxsackie group B viruses share a unique requirement, distinct from that of polioviruses, for reception and eclipse by HeLa cells. Interference between polioviruses and members of Coxsackie group B is discussed.
Overview of the rocky component of Wild 2 comet samples: Insight into the early solar system, relationship with meteoritic materials and the differences between comets and asteroids

Abstract– The solid 2–10 μm samples of comet Wild 2 provide a limited but direct view of the solar nebula solids that accreted to form Jupiter family comets. The samples collected by the Stardust mission are dominated by high-temperature materials that are closely analogous to meteoritic components. These materials include chondrule and CAI-like fragments. Five presolar grains have been discovered, but it is clear that isotopically anomalous presolar grains are only a minor fraction of the comet. Although uncertain, the presolar grain content is perhaps higher than found in chondrites and most interplanetary dust particles. It appears that the majority of the analyzed Wild 2 solids were produced in high-temperature “rock forming” environments, and they were then transported past the orbit of Neptune, where they accreted along with ice and organic components to form comet Wild 2. We hypothesize that Wild 2 rocky components are a sample of a ubiquitously distributed flow of nebular solids that was accreted by all bodies including planets and meteorite parent bodies. A primary difference between asteroids and the rocky content of comets is that comets are dominated by this widely distributed component. Asteroids contain this component, but are dominated by locally made materials that give chondrite groups their distinctive properties. Because of the large radial mixing in this scenario, it seems likely that most comets contain a similar mix of rocky materials. If this hypothesis is correct, then properties such as oxygen isotopes and minor element abundances in olivine, should have a wider dispersion than in any chondrite group, and this may be a characteristic property of primitive outer solar system bodies made from widely transported components.
A ∞ -Structures on an Elliptic Curve

The main result of this paper is the proof of the ‘‘transversal part’’ of the homological mirror symmetry conjecture for an elliptic curve that states an equivalence of two A∞-categories: one is built using holomorphic vector bundles on an elliptic curve and another is a subcategory in the Fukaya A∞-category of a torus. The proof is based on the study of A∞-structures on the category of line bundles over an elliptic curve satisfying some natural restrictions (in particular, m1 should be zero, m2 should coincide with the usual composition). The key observation is that such a structure is uniquely determined up to equivalence by certain triple products.
A national study of chemical residues in fish: III: Study results

Abstract Bottom feeding and game fish, from each of nearly 400 sites throughout the United States were analyzed for 15 PCDD/PCDFs, PCBs, 21 pesticides and herbicides, and 13 other organic chemicals, and mercury. Seven of the PCDD/PCDFs and 15 of the chemicals were detected at over 50 percent of the sites. PCBs were detected at 91% of all sites at a mean concentration of 1.90 μg/g, and exceeded 10 μg/g at 10 sites. 2,3,7,8-TCDD was detected at 70 percent of the sites at a mean concentration of 6.9 ppt and a maximum concentration of 204 ppt. 2,3,7,8-TCDF was detected at 89 percent of the sites at a mean concentration of 13.6 ppt and a maximum concentration of 404 ppt. Fish from 75% of all sites had a total TCDD toxic equivalence concentrations (TEC) due to PCDD/PCDFs, below 10 pg/g. Those with the highest 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentrations also had the highest TEC. p,p 1 -DDE was the most frequently detected individual analyte (99% of samples), and was found at the highest maximum (14,000 ng/g) and mean (295 ng/g) concentrations. No correlation between specific sources and most of the analytes could be made. However, pulp and paper mills using chlorine appear to be a significant source of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF in these samples which were collected between 1986 and 1989.
Placental transfer of imipramine, a basic, lipid-soluble drug

Abstract The present study was designed to determine the rate of placental transfer of imipramine (Tofranil), an antidepressive agent which is widely distributed in tissues. It was also designed to determine the time required for the establishment of equilibrium between the maternal and fetal systems. Twenty rats which were in the third trimester of pregnancy received an intramuscular injection of 10 mg. per kilogram of imipramine. The animals were killed at 1, 3, 5, 10, and 20 minute intervals by exsanguination, and the concentration of the drug in the maternal plasma and fetal tissue determined. Equilibrium between the two systems was established within 3 minutes. It was suggested that this rapid equilibrium between the maternal and fetal systems was due to the high lipid solubility of imipramine.
Shock preexposure and the reduced effectiveness of shock

Abstract In three experiments experience with shock was shown to reduce the effectiveness of shock as a reinforcer or motivator. In Experiment 1 rats were given signaled shock in a box separate from the runway where they were subsequently punished. These rats were less suppressed by shock punishment than rats that had no previous shock experience. In Experiment 2 preshocked rats were less suppressed by punishment and were slower to learn an escape-avoidance response than nonpreshocked rats, whether the preshock was signaled or unsignaled. In Experiment 3 as number of CS-shock pairings increased, fear of the CS decreased as did fear of the context. These results suggest that some central adaptation process produced by experience with shock reduces the effectiveness of shock as a reinforcer whenever shock is used repeatedly. This is independent of other effects, such as context blocking, that can affect responding after shock preexposure.
Repressive coping style and suppression of pain-related thoughts: Effects on responses to acute pain induction

Repressors have shown short-term tolerance of acute pain but long-term sensitivity to chronic pain. To reconcile this discrepancy, we hypothesised that repressors routinely suppress pain-related thoughts during acute pain, and thus paradoxically incur rebound effects (increased accessibility of the to-be-suppressed material) afterwards. Healthy individuals (n=222) were assigned to suppress or not suppress pain-related thoughts during a cold pressor. Recovery and exposure to a massage device followed. Repressors revealed evidence of habitual suppression: nonsuppression/repressors showed a pattern of slow recovery from the cold pressor and unfavourable responses to the massage device similar to that exhibited by suppression/high anxious participants; suppression/repressors showed the slowest recovery and found the massage more unpleasant than any group. Repressors may suffer long-term sensitivity to pain through rebound and contamination effects following attempts to suppress pain-related thoughts.
Life history and population dynamics of the western mosquitofish: a comparison of natural and introduced populations

Life history and population dynamic patterns of Gambusia affinis in southeastern Louisiana varied spatially and temporally in 1990 and 1991, but were consistent with previous reports of this species in the southern regions of its natural range. Several differences exist among populations in different geographic regions within the United States, as reported in the literature, which do not follow a‘ native v. introduced’ dichotomy: (1) brood size decreases and offspring size increases from north to south; (2) large overwintered females in northern areas produce more broods within a season than those in southern populations, while the reverse is true for young-of–year females; (3) minimum size at first reproduction follows a seasonal pattern within populations, but tends to be smaller in southern and larger in northern and Hawaiian populations; (4) synchronous reproduction early in the season is characteristic of northern populations, but does not occur in southern areas; and (5) mosquitofish reproduce year–round in Hawaii, while 'southern’ populations within the continental U.S. cease reproduction during winter.
Clinical Experience With Short-Time Hemodialysis

After at least 6 months on conventional hemodialysis (cellulosic dialyzers, acetate dialysate, and a 3- to 4-hour treatment time), 56 patients were changed to short-time hemodialysis (
Mood, silence and ghostly words: female trauma in Isabel Coixet’s The Secret life of Words

Isabel Coixet uses silence and sound, the remarks of a ghost and heterotopic locations in her film The Secret life of Words (2005) in order to convey the devastating effects of trauma on the main character’s life. Trauma scholars have been debating the inadequacy of attempting to represent trauma (impossibility of adequately representing trauma, the necessity of respecting the mourning of those involved, the need to avoid making some else’s suffering a spectacle, and the desensitization due to a surfeit of traumatic images). On the other hand, many authors have claimed the moral obligation of talking about trauma (to make the public ‘know’, to mobilize viewers/readers responses and to give an opportunity for critical reflection). This last stance is more pressing in the case of female trauma, as it has been largely obliterated from public discourse. From a feminist point of view, though, representing women’s misfortunes – rape and abuses – posits added problems such as further objectification. By refusing...
Highly reflecting molybdenum thin films having significant solar absorptance

Abstract A high solar absorptance coupled with a high IR reflectance is necessary for efficient photothermal solar conversion. The most common selective blacks operate on the principle of the absorber-reflector tandem, in which a highly reflecting film is overcoated with a layer which absorbs over the solar spectral range. Molybdenum films fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) under oxidizing conditions and subjected to post-deposition annealing and passivation provide both optical functions—high IR reflectance together with sufficient solar absorptance—in a single layer. Film deposition proceeds under atmospheric pressure and at 300°C through pyrolytic decomposition of molybdenum carbonyl (Mo(CO)6) in the presence of an oxygen bleed. Films thus deposited contain a high concentration of oxygen and exhibit typically a solar absorptance of a = 0.77 and a thermal emittance for 500°C black-body radiation of e = 0.31. In subsequent annealing in a reducing atmosphere at 770°C this high solar absorptance is nearly retained whereas the thermal emittance is lowered to values of the order of e = 0.08. The passivation of these black molybdenum films against deterioration through operation in open air requires an overcoating. In this case Si3N4 deposited by CVD was used. This passivation layer can be used as an antireflection coating if it is of the proper thickness, raising the solar absorptance to values greater than a = 0.91 while only slightly increasing the thermal emittance to e = 0.11. Changes in the optical properties of black molybdenum during annealing are related to alternations in structure and composition. Since annealing proceeds at temperatures in excess of 700°C no thermal deterioration processes are expected in the absence of oxygen at the lower operating temperature of 500°C. This was demonstrated through testing at 500°C in a roughing pump vacuum; no changes in the films' optical characteristics were observed after 1000 h. All depositions and anneals proceed at atmospheric pressure, facilitating a continous flow-through procedure important for large-scale economic fabrication.
A direct current model for magnetic changes along faults

Abstract Breiner and Kovach [1] monitored the intensity of the magnetic field at several localities along the San Andreas fault zone and observed changes in the field that preceded creep events by some tens of hours. They attributed the changes to the magnetostrictive (piezomagnetic) effect, which is the effect of compressive stress on the magnetic susceptibility and remanent magnetization of a rock. This paper discusses some objections to the magnetostrictive interpretation of the observed changes and offers an alternative interpretation based on the development of an electrochemical potential by serpentinization of ultramafic rocks along the fault zone and the flow of a transient electrical current prior to the creep event.
Cognitive Effort and Learning Features of Decision Aids: Review of Experiments

ABSTRACT Decision aids are computer systems intended to help decision makers select from a set of alternatives when considering multiple criteria. There are a number of basic ideas behind such systems, including multiattribute utility analysis, analytic hierarchy process, and outranking. Some systems focused on identification of decision maker preference functions. Recently there have been a number of systems focusing on the idea of enhancing decision maker learning. This paper reviews the fundamental ideas of a number of decision aids and considers the cognitive effort on the part of decision makers required to use each system. Recent empirical studies from a number of sources are reviewed and evaluated for support of theories about this cognitive effort, as well as how learning systems are implemented.
Missense substitutions in the GAS1 protein present in holoprosencephaly patients reduce the affinity for its ligand, SHH

Holprosencephaly (HPE) is the most common disorder of the developing forebrain in humans, and is characterized by varying degrees of abnormal union of the cerebral hemispheres. These defects are typically co-associated with midline craniofacial anomalies. The combination of forebrain and craniofacial defects that comprise HPE can present along a broad and variable phenotypic spectrum. Both the SHH and NODAL signaling pathways play important roles in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Disruption of these pathways by chromosomal rearrangements, mutations in pathway-related genes and/or biochemical alterations are proposed to contribute to HPE in a large number of patients. Additional factors that are not yet fully delineated are also very likely to be involved in the pathogenesis and phenotypic heterogeneity of the disorder. Genetic loss of GAS1, a cell membrane receptor and positive regulator of SHH, has been demonstrated to contribute to the HPE phenotypic spectrum in animal models. We have evaluated the coding and flanking sequence of GAS1 in 394 patients who have clinical findings within the HPE phenotypic spectrum, and now report five novel missense sequence variants among five unrelated HPE probands. Finally, we tested the effect of these variants (as well as previously reported GAS1 variants) on the ability of GAS1 to bind to SHH. Here, we demonstrate that sequence variants in GAS1 can impair its physical interaction with SHH, suggesting a decrease in the SHH downstream signaling cascade as a pathogenic mechanism of disease.
Further Comparison of Two Short-Form Derivatives of the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale

In a recent article published in this Joarnal, Howe and Silverstein (1960) presented a within-Ss comparison of Bendig's ( 1956) short form of the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (SMAS) and Christie and Budnitzky's ( 1957 ) forcedchoice version of the same scale (SFCAS). This article presents data from a replication study, using a different type of S and a slight modification in presentation of the SMAS items.
A bi-partitioned iterative algorithm for solving linear systems arising from incompressible flow problems

Abstract A novel iterative algorithm, called the bi-partitioned method, is introduced for efficiently solving the system of linear equations that arises from the stabilized finite element formulation of the Navier–Stokes equations. The bi-partitioned algorithm is a Krylov subspace method designed for a matrix with separated momentum and continuity blocks. This structure allows for formation of the Schur complement to separately solve for the velocity and pressure unknowns. Hence, the bi-partitioned algorithm can also be applied to problems with similar matrix structure , involving the Schur complement. Two separate spaces are constructed iteratively from the velocity and pressure solution candidates and optimally combined to produce the final solution. The bi-partitioned algorithm calculates the final solution to a given tolerance, regardless of the approximation made in construction of the Schur complement. The proposed algorithm is analyzed and compared to the generalized minimal residual (GMRES) algorithm using two incompressible-flow and one fluid–structure-interaction example, exhibiting up to an order of magnitude improvement is simulation cost while maintaining excellent stability.
Economics Memes: How to use Memes to Teach and Learn Economics

URL: http://economicsmemes.com/ Economics Memes is a Web site where one can contribute memes or use a library of memes for assistance in creating an excellent economics class. A meme (pronounced: m...
Maternal BIS sensitivity, overprotective parenting, and children’s internalizing behaviors

Although sensitivity to the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) within Gray’s (1970) reinforcement sensitivity theory relates to individuals’ own depressive and anxious symptomatology, less is known about how parental BIS sensitivity relates to early indicators of internalizing problems in young children. Moreover, the extent to which this parental characteristic relates to parenting behavior, and children’s internalizing problems above and beyond parenting, remains unknown. The current study assessed maternal BIS sensitivity, overprotective parenting, and toddlers’ internalizing behaviors in a sample of 91 mothers while controlling for mothers’ own internalizing symptomatology. Heightened BIS sensitivity related to both overprotective parenting and internalizing behaviors. Overprotective parenting partially mediated the relation between BIS sensitivity and children’s internalizing behaviors, although BIS sensitivity maintained a marginal relation to internalizing behaviors. Maternal BIS sensitivity and toddler internalizing behaviors may represent a shared disposition towards inhibition that is somewhat accounted for by overprotective parenting.