cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic processing of angiotensin peptides by human glomerular endothelial cells.

The intraglomerular renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is linked to the pathogenesis of progressive glomerular diseases. Glomerular podocytes and mesangial cells play distinct roles in the metabolism of angiotensin (ANG) peptides. However, our understanding of the RAS enzymatic capacity of glomerular endothelial cells (GEnCs) remains incomplete. We explored the mechanisms of endogenous cleavage of ANG substrates in cultured human GEnCs (hGEnCs) using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and isotope-labeled peptide quantification. Overall, hGEnCs metabolized ANG II at a significantly slower rate compared with podocytes, whereas the ANG I processing rate was comparable between glomerular cell types. ANG II was the most abundant fragment of ANG I, with lesser amount of ANG-(1–7) detected. Formation of ANG II from ANG I was largely abolished by an ANG-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, whereas ANG-(1–7) formation was decreased by a prolylendopeptidase (PEP) inhibitor, but not by a neprilysin inhibitor. Cleavage of ANG II resulted in partial conversion to ANG-(1–7), a process that was attenuated by an ACE2 inhibitor, as well as by an inhibitor of PEP and prolylcarboxypeptidase. Further fragmentation of ANG-(1–7) to ANG-(1–5) was mediated by ACE. In addition, evidence of aminopeptidase N activity (APN) was demonstrated by detecting amelioration of conversion of ANG III to ANG IV by an APN inhibitor. While we failed to find expression or activity of aminopeptidase A, a modest activity attributable to aspartyl aminopeptidase was detected. Messenger RNA and gene expression of the implicated enzymes were confirmed. These results indicate that hGEnCs possess prominent ACE activity, but modest ANG II-metabolizing activity compared with that of podocytes. PEP, ACE2, prolylcarboxypeptidase, APN, and aspartyl aminopeptidase are also enzymes contained in hGEnCs that participate in membrane-bound ANG peptide cleavage. Injury to specific cell types within the glomeruli may alter the intrarenal RAS balance.
Promise and Possibility for Aspiring Principals: An Emerging Leadership Identity through Learning to Do Action Research

This case study explored the promise and possibility of doing action research both for aspiring principals engaged in such research and for professors using it as pedagogy for teaching educational leadership. The study of a class of graduate students aspiring to be principals had a constructivist theoretical framework. The research design consisted of three tiers: tier one: a reflective self-study by the professor evaluating the pedagogy of developing action research team projects; tier two: an analysis of the self-evaluations of the aspiring principals on the pedagogy of developing action research team projects and its effect on their learning; and tier three: the perceived deep learning resulting from the action research topics. The study concluded that for aspiring principals, learning to do action research in teams has the potential for powerful impact on emerging leadership identity; on the focus on deep issues and first steps in transformational leadership; and on individual and mutual reflection and the development of professional learning communities. For university professors, action research melds theory and practice and is
Hyperspherical explicitly correlated Gaussian approach for few-body systems with finite angular momentum

Within the hyperspherical framework, the solution of the time-independent Schrodinger equation for a n-particle system is divided into two steps, the solution of a Schrodinger like equation in the hyperangular degrees of freedom and the solution of a set of coupled Schrodinger like hyperradial equations. The solutions to the former provide effective potentials and coupling matrix elements that enter into the latter set of equations. This paper develops a theoretical framework to determine the effective potentials, as well as the associated coupling matrix elements, for few-body systems with finite angular momentum L = 1 and negative and positive parity �. The hyperangular channel functions are expanded in terms of explicitly correlated Gaussian basis functions and relatively compact expressions for the matrix elements are derived. The developed formalism is applicable to any n; however, for n � 6, the computational demands are likely beyond present-day computational capabilities. A number of calculations relevant to cold atom physics are presented, demonstrating that the developed approach provides a computationally efficient means to solving four-body bound and scattering problems with finite angular momentum on powerful desktop computers. Details regarding the implementation are discussed. PACS numbers:
Model suspensions of deformable particles

A collection of interacting transmutable shapes on a two dimensional square lattice are used to model a suspension of deformable droplets. All the shapes are members of a predetermined set of shapes and configurations of many particles are obtained from a Monte Carlo scheme which combines position and shape displacements. The structure and shape composition of the suspension are measured as a function of the dispersed phase volume fraction. The results for a suspension with hard core exclusion interactions between droplets show the general characteristic features associated with a fluid of macroparticles with ‘soft’ interactions. But, anomalous behaviour is observed for dense suspensions of deformable particles with second nearest neighbour interactions.
Abnormal fMRI activation pattern during story listening in individuals with Down syndrome.

Down syndrome is characterized by disproportionately severe impairments of speech and language, yet little is known about the neural underpinnings of these deficits. We compared fMRI activation patterns during passive story listening in 9 young adults with Down syndrome and 9 approximately age-matched, typically developing controls. The typically developing group exhibited greater activation than did the Down syndrome group in classical receptive language areas (superior and middle temporal gyri) for forward . backward speech; the Down syndrome group exhibited greater activation in cingulate gyrus, superior and inferior parietal lobules, and precuneus for both forward speech . rest and backward speech . rest. The Down syndrome group showed almost no difference in activation patterns between the language (forward speech) and nonlanguage (backward speech) conditions.
Physiologic and Pharmacologic Response Characteristics of Porcine Airways in Situ

These data indicate that the swine is a suitable model for in situ study of airway smooth muscle response. The degree of histamine reactivity in porcine trachea appears to be similar to that of the dog (approximately 30% of the cholinergic contractile response). Swine have relatively sparse parasympathetic innervation to peripheral lung units (alveolar ducts) as measured by the minimal change in Cdyn during maximal stimulation of the vagus nerves. A major difference between porcine and canine airway smooth muscle is the relatively weak degree of β-adrenergic contraction observed in porcine species. Significant β-adrenergic contraction of the trachea was not observed in the swine. In contrast, the β-adrenergic response in the dog trachea after β-adrenergic blockade is substantial.58 Swine also have very weak inhibitory innervation to respiratory airways. There is no evidence of nonadrenergic inhibition as is seen in human airways. The direct sympathetic innervation of porcine airways also is substantially less than the dog and in this respect more closely approximates the human state, where adrenergic inhibition is thought to be minimal or absent.1
Simón Bolívar and the Spectre of Pardocracia : José Padilla in Post-Independence Cartagena

This article examines the tensions between the Gran Colombian republican constitution of 1821 and Simon Bolivar's fear of a mulatto takeover. It focuses on Cartagena in the 1820s, where the mulatto general Jose Padilla challenged the socio-racial hierarchy and accepted notions of equality of the city, heading a three-day coup in 1828 against Bolivar's attempt to impose a new authoritarian constitution. Padilla failed to rally the mostly African-derived population of Cartagena behind the republican views of Francisco de Paula Santander and was promptly executed. Using the protagonists' correspondence, manifestos, criminal investigations, consular reports and censuses, the article analyses the factors in the city's demography, political leadership and culture, and in the composition of its military forces, that explain Padilla's failure. It highlights the role played by race and by Bolivar's views of mulattos in the process.
Anomalous scaling of mesoscale tropospheric humidity fluctuations

Water vapor fluctuations are measured and analyzed at an unprecedented 10-m resolution throughout the troposphere. Computation of structure functions shows that specific humidity variations observed by research aircraft over the Pacific Ocean exhibit anomalous scaling from about 50 m to 100 km in horizontal range. The scaling laws show different characteristics for the marine boundary layer, the tropical free troposphere, and the extratropical free troposphere. More specifically, boundary-layer humidity fluctuations are less smooth and more stationary than those in the free troposphere, while the extratropical free tropospheric variations are less intermittent than those in the other two regions. The anomalous scaling results argue against passive advection by a spatially smooth flow (chaotic advection) at these scales.
Ranks of differentiable functions

The purpose of this paper is to define and study a natural rank function which associates to each differentiable function (say on the interval [0, 1]) a countable ordinal number, which measures the complexity of its derivative. Functions with continuous derivatives have the smallest possible rank 1, a function like x^2 sin (x^(-1)) has rank 2, etc., and we show that functions of any given countable ordinal rank exist. This exhibits an underlying hierarchical structure of the class of differentiable functions, consisting of ω_1 distinct levels. The definition of rank is invariant under addition of constants, and so it naturally assigns also to every derivative a unique rank, and an associated hierarchy for the class of all derivatives. The set D of functions in C[0, 1] which are everywhere differentiable is a complete coanalytic (and thus non-Borel) set (Mazurkiewicz [Maz]; see Section 2 below) and it will tum out that the rank function we define has the right descriptive set theoretic properties summarized in the concept of a coanalytic norm, explained in Section 1. Our original description of the rank function was in terms of wellfounded trees and is given in Section 4. In Section 3 we give an equivalent description in terms of a Cantor-Bendixson type analysis. We would like to acknowledge here the contribution of D. Preiss. It was in a conversation with one of the authors that this equivalent description was formulated.
TNF-α-induced endothelium-independent vasodilation: a role for phospholipase A2-dependent ceramide signaling

Ceramide is a novel second messenger generated by hydrolysis of membrane sphingomyelin by a neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase). Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) have been shown to i...
Antiglioma oncolytic virotherapy: unattainable goal or a success story in the making?

Initial observations from as early as the mid-1800s suggested that patients suffering from hematological malignancies would transiently go into remission upon naturally contracting viral infections laid the foundation for the oncolytic virotherapy research field. Since then, research focusing on anticancer oncolytic virotherapy has rapidly evolved. Today, oncolytic viral vectors have been engineered to stimulate and manipulate the host immune system, selectively targeting tumor tissues while sparing non-neoplastic cells. Glioblastoma multiforme, the most common adult primary brain tumor, has a disasterous history. It is one of the most deadly cancers known to humankind. Over the last century our understanding of this disease has grown exponentially. However, the median survival of patients suffering from this disease has only been extended by a few months. Even with the best, most aggressive modern therapeutic approaches available, malignant gliomas are still virtually 100% fatal. Motivated by the despera...
On linear unequal error protection codes

The class of codes discussed in this paper has the property that its error-correction capability is described in terms of correcting errors in specific digits of a code word even though other digits in the code may be decoded incorrectly. To each digit of the code words is assigned an error protection level f_{i} . Then, if f errors occur in the reception of a code word, all digits which have protection f_{i} greater than or equal to f will be decoded correctly even though the entire code word may not be decoded correctly. Methods for synthesizing these codes are described and illustrated by examples. One method of synthesis involves combining the parity check matrices of two or more ordinary random error-correcting codes to form the parity check matrix of the new code. A decoding algorithm based upon the decoding algorithms of the component codes is presented. A second method of code generation is described which follows from the observation that for a linear code, the columns of the parity check matrix corresponding to the check positions must span the column space of the matrix. Upper and lower bounds are derived for the number of check digits required for such codes. The lower bound is based upon counting the number of unique syndromes required for a specified error-correction capability. The upper bound is the result of a constructive procedure for forming the parity check matrices of these codes. Tables of numerical values for the upper and lower bounds are presented.
Phase II Study of Low-Dose Decitabine in Patients With Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Resistant to Imatinib Mesylate

Purpose To determine the activity of decitabine, a DNA methylation inhibitor, in imatinib-refractory or intolerant chronic myelogenous leukemia. Materials and Methods Thirty-five patients were enrolled in this phase II study (12 in chronic phase, 17 in accelerated phase, and six in blastic phase). Decitabine was administered at 15 mg/m2 intravenously over 1 hour daily, 5 days a week for 2 weeks. DNA methylation was measured using a LINE1 bisulfite/pyrosequencing assay. Results Complete hematologic responses were seen in 12 patients (34%) and partial hematologic responses in seven patients (20%), for an overall hematologic response rate of 54% (83% in chronic phase, 41% in accelerated phase, and 34% in blastic phase). Major cytogenetic responses were observed in six patients (17%), and minor cytogenetic responses were seen in 10 patients (29%) for an overall cytogenetic response rate of 46%. Median response duration was 3.5 months (range, 2 to 13+ months). Myelosuppression was the major adverse effect, wit...
Detection of Preanalytic Laboratory Testing Errors Using a Statistically Guided Protocol

Preanalytic laboratory testing errors are often difficult to identify. We demonstrate how laboratories can integrate statistical models with clinical judgment to develop protocols for preanalytic error detection. Specifically, we developed a protocol to identify spuriously elevated glucose values resulting from improper "line draws" or related phlebotomy errors. Using a decision tree-generating algorithm and an annotated set of training data, we generated decision trees to classify critically elevated glucose results as "real" or "spurious" based on available laboratory parameters. Decision trees revealed that a 30-day patient-specific average glucose concentration lower than 186.3 mg/dL (10.3 mmol/L), a current glucose concentration higher than 663 mg/dL (37 mmol/L), and an anion gap lower than 16.5 mEq/L (16.5 mmol/L) suggested a spurious result. We then used the results from the decision tree analysis to inform the implementation of a clinical protocol that significantly improved the laboratory's identification of spurious results. Similar approaches may be useful in developing protocols to identify other errors or to assist in clinical interpretation of results.
The integrated calcium II triplet as a metallicity indicator: Comparisons with high-resolution [Fe/H] in M31 globular clusters

Medium resolution (R=4,000 to 9,000) spectra of the near infrared Ca II lines (at 8498, 8542, and 8662 A) in M31 globular cluster integrated light spectra are presented. In individual stars the Ca II triplet (CaT) traces stellar metallicity; this paper compares integrated CaT strengths to well determined, high precision [Fe/H] values from high resolution integrated light spectra. The target globular clusters cover a wide range in metallicity (from [Fe/H] = -2.1 to -0.2). While most are older than 10 Gyr, some may be of intermediate age (2-6 Gyr). A handful (3-6) have detailed abundances (e.g. low [Ca/Fe]) that indicate they may have been accreted from dwarf galaxies. Using various measurements and definitions of CaT strength, it is confirmed that for GCs with [Fe/H] < -0.4 and older than 2 Gyr the integrated CaT traces cluster [Fe/H] to within about 0.2 dex, independent of age. CaT lines in metal rich GCs are very sensitive to nearby atomic lines (and TiO molecular lines in the most metal rich GCs), largely due to line blanketing in continuum regions. The [Ca/Fe] ratio has a mild effect on the integrated CaT strength in metal poor GCs. The integrated CaT can therefore be safely used to determine rough metallicities for distant, unresolved clusters, provided that attention is paid to the limits of the measurement techniques.
Symptomatic hyponatremia in patients undergoing total hip and knee arthroplasty. A report of three cases.

Clinically important hyponatremia is relatively uncommon. This disorder manifests with symptoms attributable to cerebral edema that include anorexia, nausea and vomiting, confusion, slurred speech, lethargy, weakness, agitation, headache, and seizures1. Symptoms are generally seen in an acute setting (developing over forty-eight hours or less) with serum sodium levels at or below 125 mEq/L (125 mmol/L) or in the chronic setting with levels at or below 110 mEq/L (110 mmol/L)1. If the disorder is left untreated or is corrected too rapidly, permanent neurologic sequelae can result. Surgical stress is recognized as a common cause of hyponatremia, most frequently in association with transplant, abdominal, cardiovascular, and orthopaedic trauma surgery2,3. This electrolyte disorder is more commonly present in elderly female patients, in those with a lower body weight, and in those taking certain medications, such as thiazide diuretics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors2. Hyponatremia has been reported as a complication after scoliosis procedures4,5 and adult lumbar spine fusions6. To our knowledge, there has been only one report of symptomatic hyponatremia after total hip arthroplasty7 and one after total knee arthroplasty8. We are also aware of one report of tramadol-induced hyponatremia following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty9, although asymptomatic hyponatremia occurs in patients undergoing lower extremity arthroplasty. In a review of 408 consecutive patients who had a lower extremity joint arthroplasty, twenty-one patients (5.1%) had asymptomatic hyponatremia (a serum sodium level of ≤130 mmol/L) postoperatively10. We report three cases of clinically symptomatic hyponatremia, treated over a five-year period, that presented as severe postoperative confusion in patients who had had an elective total hip or total knee arthroplasty. Two of three patients were informed that information concerning their care would be submitted for publication. The …
Environmental Justice for Whom?: A Social Construction Framework Analysis of Executive Order 12898

Abstract People of color are overrepresented in communities with the poorest air quality and numerous pollution sources, and suffer disproportionate rates of asthma. Moreover, communities with the worst air pollution tend to have high poverty rates. Activists, scholars, and health and legal experts contend that the mere presence of inequitable environmental burdens and multiple exposures supports the belief that: (a) the health and lives of poor people and people of color matter little; and (b) their communities are incapable of, or less likely to, organize to prevent or end hazardous exposures. The social construction framework, built on the idea of benefit or burden allocation and the ability to exercise political power, serves as an apt lens for examining the interplay between societal perceptions of low-income people and people of color, and Executive Order 12898's content, implementation, and effectiveness. While symbolically and materially important, Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions to Address...
To Abbreviate or Not to Abbreviate? An Interpretation of Administrative Agency Bluebook Citations

Do I use: EPA, E.P.A., Envtl. Protection Agency, or U.S. Envtl. Protection Agency? An article providing a perspective on administrative agency abbreviations in legal citation.
Interaction of the Cardiac Sodium Channel Alpha-Subunits Leads to Coupled Gating Properties

Objective: The cardiac sodium channel has been linked to cardiac arrhythmias. We have shown the existence of dominant-negative mutations in Brugada Syndrome due to interactions between alpha-subunits. Here we investigated the stoichiometry of the interaction and whether the interaction leads to coupled gating properties.Methods: Single-molecule pull-down experiments and blue native gels have been performed to study the stoichiometry of the interaction, while FRET/TIRF experiments were performed to investigate the interaction at the cell surface. Biophysical properties were studied by patch-clamp analysis in the whole-cell configuration.Results: Biochemistry results support the dimerization of alpha-subunits. FRET/TIRF experiments showed interacting channels at the plasma membrane. Also, we investigated if the dimerization of the channel leads to biophysical consequences. To do so, we used different mutants leading to specific biophysical. R1860X and R1629Q mutants were used for inactivation and R878C for gating deficiency. When cells expressed WT and R1629Q mutant channels, inactivation properties behaved more closely to the WT contrarily to what would be expected of 2 channels working independently. In addition, when R1629Q was coepxressed with the gating deficient mutant R878C we showed a significant improvement of the R1629Q inactivation properties, even though R878C is not conducting. We then used a truncated channel R1860X and once again the coexpression with R878C significantly improved the inactivation defect, which was not the case with the expression of a C-terminus fragment alone. This, strongly suggest that the presence of the full length channel could rescue the inactivation defect of the delta-Cter channel.Conclusions: Our data indicate that the alpha-subunits of the cardiac sodium channel present coupled gating properties due to the formation of dimers.
The Psychologies of Human-Computer Interaction: An Integrative Approach

Human-computer interaction (HCI) has been identified as a rich task for the real-world study of psychology; however, the theoretical approaches to the psychology of HCI have narrowly focused on pro...
Intracerebroventricular injections of dronabinol, a cannabinoid receptor agonist, does not attenuate serotonin-induced apnea in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Evidence suggests that vagal nerve activity may play a role in sleep apnea induction. In anesthetized rats, dronabinol, a cannabinoid (CB) receptor agonist, injected into the nodose ganglia attenuates reflex apnea and increases genioglossus activity, and reflex apnea attenuation is blocked by systemic pre-treatment with cannabinoid type 1 and/or type 2 receptor antagonists. However, it is unclear whether dronabinol has similar effects in the central nervous system; CB receptors are widely distributed in the brain, especially on neuronal circuitry important for respiration and upper airway activation. Here, we examine the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of dronabinol on serotonin (5-HT)-induced apnea. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and instrumented with bilateral electrodes to monitor genioglossi EMG and with a piezoelectric strain gauge to monitor respiratory pattern. Serotonin was intravenously infused into a femoral vein to induce reflex apnea. After baseline recordings, rats were placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. A unilateral osteotomy was made to allow access for injection to the right lateral ventricle, and the dura were carefully removed. Dronabinol (100, 10, 1, or 0.1 μg/3 μl DMSO) or control (3 μl DMSO) was injected into the right lateral ventricle and 5-HT infusion was repeated. Data (mean ± SEM) were analyzed using a mixed model analysis with a repeated/fixed measure. There was no main effect in 5-HT-induced apnea or breath duration, or in breath instability, between ICV dronabinol injected and ICV vehicle control injected groups. Moreover, there was no main effect in phasic or tonic genioglossus activity between ICV dronabinol injected and ICV vehicle control injected groups. Our data show that ICV injection of dronabinol did not decrease 5-HT-induced apneas, and did not increase genioglossus activity. This in contrast to published results of dronabinol’s effect on apnea via the vagus nerve. Our results suggest that the effects of dronabinol on reflex apneas are peripherally mediated via suppression of vagal nerve activity.
Modeling of Broadband Liners Applied to the Advanced Noise Control Fan

The broadband component of fan noise has grown in relevance with an increase in bypass ratio and incorporation of advanced fan designs. Therefore, while the attenuation of fan tones remains a major factor in engine nacelle acoustic liner design, the simultaneous reduction of broadband fan noise levels has received increased interest. As such, a previous investigation focused on improvements to an established broadband acoustic liner optimization process using the Advanced Noise Control Fan (ANCF) rig as a demonstrator. Constant-depth, double-degree of freedom and variable-depth, multi-degree of freedom liner designs were carried through design, fabrication, and testing. This paper addresses a number of areas for further research identified in the initial assessment of the ANCF study. Specifically, incident source specification and uncertainty in some aspects of the predicted liner impedances are addressed. This information is incorporated in updated predictions of the liner performance and comparisons with measurement are greatly improved. Results illustrate the value of the design process in concurrently evaluating the relative costs/benefits of various liner designs. This study also provides further confidence in the integrated use of duct acoustic propagation/radiation and liner modeling tools in the design and evaluation of novel broadband liner concepts for complex engine configurations.
Fully automated near-surface analysis by surface-consistent refraction method

ABSTRACTIndustry practices for near-surface analysis indicate difficulties in coping with the increased number of channels in seismic acquisition systems, and new approaches are needed to fully exploit the resolution embedded in modern seismic data sets. To achieve this goal, we have developed a novel surface-consistent refraction analysis method for low-relief geology to automatically derive near-surface corrections for seismic data processing. The method uses concepts from surface-consistent analysis applied to refracted arrivals. The key aspects of the method consist of the use of common midpoint (CMP)-offset-azimuth binning, evaluation of mean traveltime and standard deviation for each bin, rejection of anomalous first-break (FB) picks, derivation of CMP-based traveltime-offset functions, conversion to velocity-depth functions, evaluation of long-wavelength statics, and calculation of surface-consistent residual statics through waveform crosscorrelation. Residual time lags are evaluated in multiple CM...
Newborn screening for inborn errors of metabolism.

The objectives of screening newborn infants for inborn errors of metabolism, the characteristics of effective screening programs, and the role of the pediatrician in the evaluation and implementation of screening procedures are elucidated.
Hybrid Enzalutamide Derivatives with Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Activity Decrease Heat Shock Protein 90 and Androgen Receptor Levels and Inhibit Viability in Enzalutamide-Resistant C4-2 Prostate Cancer Cells

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) can disrupt the viability of prostate cancer (PCa) cells through modulation of the cytosolic androgen receptor (AR) chaperone protein heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). However, toxicities associated with their pleiotropic effects could contribute to the ineffectiveness of HDACIs in PCa treatment. We designed hybrid molecules containing partial chemical scaffolds of enzalutamide and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), with weakened intrinsic pan-HDACI activities, to target HSP90 and AR in enzalutamide-resistant PCa cells. The potency of the new molecules, compounds 2-75 [4-(3-(4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-2-thioxoimidazolidin-1-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl)benzamide] and 1005 [(E)-3-(4-(3-(4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-2-thioxoimidazolidin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-N-hydroxyacrylamide], as inhibitors of nuclear and cytosolic histone deacetylases was substantially lower than that of SAHA in cell-free and in situ assays. Compounds 2-75 and 1005 antagonized gene activation by androgen without inducing chromatin association of AR. Enzalutamide had no effect on the levels of AR or HSP90, whereas the hybrid compounds induced degradation of both AR and HSP90, similar to (compound 1005) or more potently than (compound 2-75) SAHA. Similar to SAHA, compounds 2-75 and 1005 decreased the level of HSP90 and induced acetylation in a predicted approximately 55 kDa HSP90 fragment. Compared with SAHA, compound 2-75 induced greater hyperacetylation of the HDAC6 substrate α-tubulin. In contrast with SAHA, neither hybrid molecule caused substantial hyperacetylation of histones H3 and H4. Compounds 2-75 and 1005 induced p21 and caused loss of viability in the enzalutamide-resistant C4-2 cells, with efficacies that were comparable to or better than SAHA. The results suggest the potential of the new compounds as prototype antitumor drugs that would downregulate HSP90 and AR in enzalutamide-resistant PCa cells with weakened effects on nuclear HDACI targets.
Nudging Bentham: indirect legislation and (neo-)liberal politics

SUMMARYThe debates over Sunstein and Thaler’s Nudge oppose libertarianism and paternalism, or defend the authors’ proposed manipulation of individuals’ ‘choice architectures’ as a consistent system of libertarian paternalism. My essay looks beyond the terms of this debate and revisits Bentham’s ‘Indirect Legislation’ in order to excavate the issues raised by the deployment of technologies of behavioural economics in schemes of government. On the one hand, nudging is nothing other than a mild and carefully considered mode of indirect legislation, and the authors are right to join Bentham in pointing out that the landscape they seek to improve is always with us; we are always already governed and governing others, and we might as well govern and be governed better than we do/are. On the other hand, nudge-like innovations reveal the extent to which Bentham’s insights have been captured by a disciplinary orientation that removes its subjects from political space. Put differently, the issue with this kind of g...
Reducere Ad Memoriam: A Brief Overview of Confession and Memory

A study of the tradition of medieval confession as well as of the classical and medieval discussions concerning the functions of the soul reveals the necessity of remembering in the act of confessing. From the more theological plane of Augustine to the more every-day practicality of confession tracts and manuals, particularly those in the Middle English period, recollection, including anxieties with forgetfulness, is ever-present in the discussions of and the actual act of confession.
Family and Consumer Sciences teachers' attitudes and perceptions of the impact of the name change on FCS education in Iowa

Many colleges and universities in the United States have resorted to using proven business marketing strategies to market themselves better, such as changing the program's name to broaden consumer appeal. Family and consumer sciences adopted this strategy in an attempt to present to the public a more accurate picture of the state of the profession. Over the years names of FCS programs in institutions of higher education had changed into a wide proliferation of directions. In addition the public image of home economics varied widely across the country. It was decided that a coordinated and common strategic name change would address these issues. In 1993, the American Association of Home Economics made a recommendation to change the name of the profession to family and consumer sciences. The purpose of this study was to examine FCS teachers' attitudes and perceptions of the impact of the name change on FCS education in Iowa. Objectives focused on attitudes and perceptions toward the name change, program changes, ways in which FCS teachers have enhanced the new image of the profession, and relationships between attitudes and perceptions with demographic variables. The sample consisted of 300 teachers randomly selected from a population of 498 FCS teachers in Iowa. Forty three percent (129 teachers) responded with usable data for the analysis. Results showed that teachers held an overall positive attitude toward the name change and saw it as a necessary step toward stronger unity and identity in the profession. Changes in curriculum and instruction were indicated but attributed to student needs as well as needs of the job market rather than the name change. The majority of respondents indicated their willingness to be involved in promoting the new image of the profession; hence, the recommendation that professional associations in the field should expand their recruitment
PRIM: An Efficient Preconditioning Iterative Reweighted Least Squares Method for Parallel Brain MRI Reconstruction

The most recent history of parallel Magnetic Resonance Imaging (pMRI) has in large part been devoted to finding ways to reduce acquisition time. While joint total variation (JTV) regularized model has been demonstrated as a powerful tool in increasing sampling speed for pMRI, however, the major bottleneck is the inefficiency of the optimization method. While all present state-of-the-art optimizations for the JTV model could only reach a sublinear convergence rate, in this paper, we squeeze the performance by proposing a linear-convergent optimization method for the JTV model. The proposed method is based on the Iterative Reweighted Least Squares algorithm. Due to the complexity of the tangled JTV objective, we design a novel preconditioner to further accelerate the proposed method. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm for pMRI regarding both accuracy and efficiency compared with state-of-the-art methods.
Storage Stability of Dietary Nitrate and Phenolic Compounds in Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) and Arugula (Eruca sativa) Juices.

Nitrate and polyphenols from the diet may enhance the production and bioavailability of nitric oxide, a radical signaling molecule critical for cardiovascular health. Understanding the stability of these bioactives in beetroot and arugula juices is important for their functions. In this study, the stability of nitrate and phenolics in beetroot and arugula juices was measured for 32 days at different temperatures (25, 4, -20, and -80 °C). The levels of nitrate were measured by reversed-phase HPLC and initial levels were found to be 4965.34 ± 72.69 µg/mL for beetroot and 6310.20 ± 24.79 µg/mL for arugula. Interestingly, nitrate degradation started within 24 hr at 25 °C and after 4 days at 4 °C. At -20 °C and -80 °C, nitrate levels remained stable for one month. Total phenolics and free radical scavenging activity varied significantly during storage conditions. Beetroot juice at 25 °C, significant decrease in total phenolics and antioxidant activity was observed, whereas at 4, -20 and -80 °C, the levels remained relatively stable. By contrast, arugula juice at 25 and 4 °C, an increase in total phenolics and antioxidant activity were observed after one month. Furthermore, UPLC-HR-QTOF-MS analysis demonstrated that flavonoid glucosides were converted to their aglycones and lower phenolics, resulting in higher total phenolics and antioxidant activity during storage. In conclusion, beetroot and arugula juices required frozen conditions for long-term storage to prevent degradation of nitrate and to maintain their nutritional value. Beetroot and arugula juices have health-beneficial compounds such as nitrate and phenolics. Understanding the proper storage conditions can allow consumers to make informed choices that can help fresh juices to maintain their health promoting properties.
The Spectral Theorem for Bounded Self-Adjoint Operators: Proofs

In this chapter we give proofs of all versions of the spectral theorem stated in the previous chapter.
Towards a harmonic blending of deterministic and stochastic frameworks in information processing

This paper presents some preliminary efforts towards a new methodology which harmonically blends deterministic and stochastic frameworks in information processing, including identification, signal processing, communications, system design, etc. We begin with a discussion on distinctive features of the two frameworks and explanation of compelling reasons and motivating issues for introducing such a combined framework. Using persistent identification as an example, we demonstrate the application and utility of the methodology. Lower and upper bounds on identification errors are obtained for systems subject to both deterministic unmodelled dynamics and random external disturbances.
Beyond semantic ambiguity

An advice giving system, such as an expert system gathers information from a user in order to provide advice. In this type of dialogue a single user statement or question may map into several facts of an underlying system, while several non consecutive statements may derive only one such fact. To support this type of interaction, a truly flexible natural language interface must be able to handle an extended notion of semantic ambiguity; it must avoid failure on producing partial semantic interpretations and be able to gather additional information for the interpretations from subsequent input. In this paper we describe a semantic mechanism that is able to handle this type of semantic ambiguity, while retaining other desirable properties of a general semantic interpreter.
Swarming UAVS Behavior Hierarchy

This paper uses a behavioral hierarchy approach to reduce the mission solution space and make the mission design easier. A UAV behavioral hierarchy is suggested. A collection of lower level swarming behaviors can be designed under this hierarchy. Mission design can be simplified by picking the right combination of those swarming behaviors.
Mapping software engineering principles to stages in game development

We discuss the mapping of software engineering principles to various stages of game development and present examples from some of the courses offered by us to illustrate this progression. We demonstrate that software engineering principles can be implicitly and effectively taught not only to a mature audience (college students) but also to K-12 students when game development is used as a tool.
Hetero charged ion clusters in a Paul trap

We prove that stable Coulomb clusters consisting of ions of both signs of charge exist in a Paul trap.
Preliminary reliability and validity of the shoulder functional reach score.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine (a) if the newly developed shoulder functional reach score (SFRS) is reliable; (b) if the SFRS demonstrates construct validity by being able to differentiate between patients' symptomatic and asymptomatic shoulders; (c) if the SFRS is able to detect changes over time; and (d) if the potential changes in the SFRS demonstrated criterion validity at three different time intervals by being associated the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). METHODS Patients were consecutively screened for consultation related to complaints of shoulder pain. Thirty-eight subjects agreed to participate and signed informed consent. Twenty-nine subjects fulfilled the study after the 4 weeks of follow-up. Outcome measures were collected at the initial evaluation and at the first follow-up visit prior to the initiation of treatment. Data were then collected after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic shoulders on the SFRS. Intratester reliability of the SFRS was intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1 ) = 0.94. Intertester reliability of the SFRS was ICC2,1 = 0.92. Statistically significant differences were observed between the initial evaluation, 2 and 4 weeks for the SFRS, SPADI, and NPRS. Moderate (rs = 0.62) to strong (rs = 0.87) positive correlations were observed between the NPRS and SPADI. Moderate negative (rs = -0.50-0.51) correlations were found between the SFRS and the SPADI. Moderate negative (rs = -0.36-0.54) statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlations were found between the SFRS and the NPRS. CONCLUSION In this small sample, the SFRS was an objective, reliable, and valid tool for assessing shoulder active range of motion in a clinical setting.
Is there a role for anterior augmentation in thoracolumbar burst fractures

Both anterior and posterior approaches for thoracolumbar burst fractures are reasonable surgical options. While an anterior approach was previously considered to be the best method to achieve adequate decompression and stabilization, posterior pedicle screw constructs have gained wide acceptance owing to their biomechanical strength and ability to achieve and maintain indirect decompression. We performed a literature review to analyze biomechanical factors and alignment, canal decompression with neurologic outcomes, and perioperative factors related to anterior and posterior approaches. A review of the literature reveals that anterior reconstruction does appear to provide improved resistance to kyphosis compared to posterior stabilization. However, long-segment fixation and the use of fracture-level pedicle screws have demonstrated improved ability to prevent the loss of intraoperative deformity correction. Neither anterior nor posterior approaches have definitively demonstrated superior canal decompression and neurologic outcomes. Perioperative data likely favor a posterior approach regarding the operative time and blood loss. In the end, the data do not obviously favor a single approach, and surgeons should take into consideration the goals of surgery and their comfort performing surgery through either an anterior or posterior approach.
Fifty-seven-year-old man with progressive dyspnoea.

Clinical introduction A 57-year-old man from the USA with a history of atrial fibrillation and hypertension was evaluated for progressive dyspnoea and decreased energy. The patient denied a history of congestive heart failure, systemic symptoms or myocardial infarction. He was found to have a 3/6 holosystolic murmur radiating to the axilla. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) reported a reduced ejection fraction of 40%, mitral valve regurgitation and absence of interatrial shunts. The remaining cardiac valves were without abnormality. A nuclear stress test reported 18% fixed inferolateral defect. Subsequent coronary angiography was negative for obstructive coronary artery disease. To better evaluate the mitral valve apparatus, transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed. Question Which of the following best explains the TEE findings (figure 1) of the mitral valve? Carcinoid heart disease. Drug-induced valvular heart disease. Infective endocarditis. Ischaemic mitral regurgitation (MR). Rheumatic mitral valve disease.
Mapping the dsRNA World

Long double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) are abundantly expressed in animals, in which they frequently occur in introns and 3' untranslated regions of mRNAs. Functions of long, cellular dsRNAs are poorly understood, although deficiencies in adenosine deaminases that act on RNA, or ADARs, promote their recognition as viral dsRNA and an aberrant immune response. Diverse dsRNA-binding proteins bind cellular dsRNAs, hinting at additional roles. Understanding these roles is facilitated by mapping the genomic locations that express dsRNA in various tissues and organisms. ADAR editing provides a signature of dsRNA structure in cellular transcripts. In this review, we detail approaches to map ADAR editing sites and dsRNAs genome-wide, with particular focus on high-throughput sequencing methods and considerations for their successful application to the detection of editing sites and dsRNAs.
A High-Performance All-Solid-State Sodium Battery with a Poly(ethylene oxide)–Na3Zr2Si2PO12 Composite Electrolyte

Rechargeable sodium-based batteries are receiving increasing attention as large-scale energy storage systems, because of the abundant resource and low cost of sodium. The widely used nonaqueous liq...
Psychometric and Clinimetric Validity of the Modified 25-Item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test.

BackgroundProductivity losses are a significant part of the disease burden associated with rhinosinusitis, but existing measures of disease-specific quality of life exclude explicit assessment of t...
The Personal Factor: Donald Yost and Inorganic Chemistry at Caltech

The preceding chapter emphasized universal trends in the status in inorganic chemistry in the US, but individual behaviors and local variations—how the story played out in particular institutions—are also of considerable interest. In many cases these have a strong personal component: the attitudes of a powerful faculty member or group of members, or even the relationship between members, may strongly influence the way things go.