cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic specificity of a real-time RT-PCR in cattle for foot-and-mouth disease and swine for foot-and-mouth disease and classical swine fever based on non-invasive specimen collection

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) are highly contagious and can cause great economic losses when introduced into disease-free regions. Accurate estimates of diagnostic specificity (Sp) are important when considering the implementation of surveillance for these agents. The purpose of this study was to estimate diagnostic Sp of a real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR assay developed for detection of FMDV in cattle and domestic swine and CSFV in domestic swine based on non-invasive specimen collection. One thousand and eighty-eight range beef cattle were sampled from thirteen geographic locations throughout Texas. One thousand and one hundred market hogs and cull sows were sampled. Results for both FMDV and CSFV were considered positive if amplification occurred at or before 40 PCR cycles, inconclusive between 40 and 45 cycles and negative otherwise. Ten cattle had nonspecific PCR amplifications for FMDV, but none were classified as positive and only one as inconclusive. Specificity (95% confidence interval) was estimated as 100% (99.7, 100). There were 19 nonspecific PCR amplifications for FMDV in sampled swine with 1 classified as positive, 6 as inconclusive, and 12 as negative. Specificity (95% confidence interval) was estimated as 99.9% (99.5, 100). There were 21 nonspecific PCR amplifications for CSFV, and 1 was classified as positive. Specificity (95% confidence interval) was estimated as 99.9% (99.5, 100). These assays have high Sp, but nonspecific PCR amplifications can occur.
Dynamical supersymmetries of the Jaynes—Cummings hamiltonian

Abstract It is shown that the full Jaynes—Cummings hamiltonian can be written entirely in terms of the generators of the non-compact orthosymplectic supergroup Osp(2/2,R). The “rotating wave” approximation corresponding to the restriction to a U(1/1) superalgebra of Osp(2/2,R).
A General Software Availability/Reliability Model: Numerical Exploration via the Matrix Laguerre Transform.

Abstract : In this paper, a new software availability/reliability model is developed where lifetimes and repair times have general system-state-dependent distributions. Multiple errors may be introduced or removed through repairs. The model is formulated as a multivariate Markov process and contains many other models appeared in the literatures as special cases. The exponentiality assumption prevalent in the literature is totally eliminated. Expressions of various performance measures of practical interest combining availability and reliability of the software system at time t are derived. Using the matrix Leguerre transform of Sumita (1984), corresponding computational procedures are also developed. A numerical example is given, demonstrating speed, accuracy and stability of these procedures. (Author)
Biochemical correction of very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency following adeno-associated virus gene therapy.

We report the development of a gene replacement strategy for very long–chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency. VLCAD is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in fatty acid β-oxidation, a key step in energy production during times of fasting or stress. Deficiency of VLCAD classically presents as hepatic dysfunction, hypoglycemia, cardiomyopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and/or sudden death. While dietary therapy for VLCAD deficiency has proven beneficial in preventing some symptoms, a risk of metabolic catastrophic decompensation remains throughout life during times of increased energy demand. We designed a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing the human VLCAD gene (AAV8-hVLCAD). To demonstrate its in vivo activity, AAV8-hVLCAD was administered via the tail vein to VLCAD-knockout mice. A reduction in accumulated serum long-chain acylcarnitines and increased fasting tolerance judged on blood glucose concentrations were observed as of 11 days postinjections through >100 days. Western analysis of liver, skeletal muscle, and heart extracts using PEP1 anti-hVLCAD antibody revealed short-term hVLCAD expression in the liver and muscle and longer-term expression in heart. This demonstrates the ability of human VLCAD to correct the biochemical phenotype of VLCAD-deficient mice.
Effects of Wave—Wave and Wave-Mean Flow Interactions on the Growth and Maintenance of Transient Planetary Waves in the Presence of a Mean Thermal Restoring Force

Abstract In order to clarify the effects of wave—wave and wave-mean flow interactions on the growth and maintenance of extratropical tropospheric transient waves in the presence of a mean thermal restoring force, numerical experiments are conducted with the use of a dry general circulation model having a zonally uniform ocean surface. After the model has reached its steady state in the absence or presence of eddies, waves are allowed to grow from small disturbances by including all or some of the zonal wavenumber components. In the presence of all the wavenumbers (1–21), ultralong waves (wavenumber 1–3) and cyclone-scale waves (wavenumber 4–9) initially grow as fast as short-scale waves (wavenumber 10–21), whereas ultralong waves do not initially grow as fast in the absence of wave—wave interactions. However, in the mature stage, ultralong waves attain a smaller amplitude in the presence of higher wavenumber components than they do in the absence of these components. This smaller amplitude is due to the f...
Management of intracranial infectious aneurysms: a series of 16 cases.

Objective The purpose of this study was to better define the management of intracranial infectious aneurysms. Methods We present a retrospective review of the management of 16 patients with intracranial infectious aneurysms. The mean follow-up period was 86 months. Results None of the patients had a rehemorrhage during antibiotic treatment. The mortality and long-term outcome from ruptured intracranial infectious aneurysms may be better than previously thought. There was no significant difference in long-term outcome between patients with single or multiple infectious aneurysms or between patients who underwent surgical resection and those who were treated only with antibiotics. Conclusion Operative treatment should be pursued for patients with ruptured infectious aneurysms. Patients with unruptured intracranial infectious aneurysms should be observed during antibiotic therapy and followed up with cerebral angiography. Surgical resection should be considered if the aneurysm enlarges and the patient's general medical condition allows general anesthesia to be tolerated.
The molecular mechanics of smooth muscle myosin

Smooth muscle cells are capable of generating forces comparable to those of skeletal muscle cells but with far less myosin, the molecular motor that powers muscle contraction. This unique capability may be inherent to the myosin molecule. We have directly characterized the molecular mechanics of smooth muscle myosin using new technologies developed to measure the forces generated by these proteins. The data help explain the differences in force and velocity in whole smooth and skeletal muscles.
Ecdysterone antagonism, mimicry, and synergism of juvenile hormone action on the Monarch butterfly reproductive tract

Abstract Previous research on Monarch butterflies has shown that juvenile hormone (JH) stimulates the development of the ovary and certain reproductive glands of both sexes. Ecdysterone injections into intact Monarchs demonstrate that low doses of this hormone inhibit ovarian development, and higher doses stimulate the male and female reproductive glands. In addition, experiments using neckligatured adults show that ecdysterone stimulates the reproductive glands of both sexes, in the apparent absence of JH, with the most pronounced effect being observed on the female colleterial gland. Other studies with neck-ligatured animals demonstrate that ecdysterone also synergizes with JH on the female gland and all three male glands. The feasibility of using Monarch reproductive glands for studies on the mode of action and interaction of JH and ecdysterone, and the possibility of a role of ecdysterone in the normal regulation of Monarch oogenesis, are discussed.
Inhibition of arm regeneration by Ophioderma brevispina (echinodermata, ophiuroidea) by tributyltin oxide and triphenyltin oxide

Effects of water-bourne toxicants on regeneration of arms by the brittle star, Ophioderma brevispina, are described. Regeneration was inhibited by 0.1 micrograms liter-1 bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide and bis(triphenyltin)oxide. Both substances are known to act upon the nervous system, and it is suggested that inhibition was caused by neurotoxicological action of the tin compounds or by their direct effect upon tissue at the breakage point. The former is most likely because regeneration is mediated by the radial nerves of brittle stars.
Measurements and Calculations of Transient Natural Convection in Water

Transient natural convection adjacent to a flat vertical surface with appreciable thermal capacity is investigated both experimentally and numerically. The surface is immersed in initially quiescent water, and has the same uniform temperature distribution. It is then suddenly loaded with a uniform and constant heat flux thereby generating a buoyancy induced flow adjacent to the surface. Surface temperature response was recorded by means of thermocouples embedded inside the surface, and boundary layer temperature measurements were also taken. An explicit finite difference numerical scheme is used to obtain solutions to the partial differential equations describing the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy in their time dependent form. Good agreement between the calculated and measured results is observed for both the heating and cooling transient processes.
A comparison of needle-free and needle injection methods and solutions for enhancement of beef Longissimus lumborum muscles

Abstract In Experiment 1, beef strip loins (n = 15) were halved and assigned to needle (N) or needle-free (NF) injection enhancement with a phosphate plus salt solution (PS) to determine effects on color, water-binding, and palatability. Pump yields tended (P = 0.08) to be higher for NF injection. Needle-injected steaks were darker (P
Bioelectric mechanisms in regeneration: Unique aspects and future perspectives

Regenerative biology has focused largely on chemical factors and transcriptional networks. However, endogenous ion flows serve as key epigenetic regulators of cell behavior. Bioelectric signaling involves feedback loops, long-range communication, polarity, and information transfer over multiple size scales. Understanding the roles of endogenous voltage gradients, ion flows, and electric fields will contribute to the basic understanding of numerous morphogenetic processes and the means by which they can robustly restore pattern after perturbation. By learning to modulate the bioelectrical signals that control cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, we gain a powerful set of new techniques with which to manipulate growth and patterning in biomedical contexts. This chapter reviews the unique properties of bioelectric signaling, surveys molecular strategies and reagents for its investigation, and discusses the opportunities made available for regenerative medicine.
Characterization of ExsA and of ExsA‐dependent promoters required for expression of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion system

Expression of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion system (T3SS) is activated by ExsA, a member of the AraC/XylS family of transcriptional regulators. In the present study we examine the DNA-binding properties of ExsA. ExsA was purified as a histidine-tagged fusion protein (ExsA(His)) and found to be monomeric in solution. ExsA(His) specifically bound T3SS promoters with high affinity as determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). For each promoter tested two distinct ExsA-DNA complexes were detected. Biochemical analyses indicate that the higher-mobility complex consists of a single ExsA(His) molecule bound to DNA while the lower-mobility complex results from the binding of two ExsA(His) molecules. DNase I protection assays demonstrate that the ExsA(His) binding site overlaps the -35 RNA polymerase binding site and extends upstream an additional approximately 34 bp. An alignment of all 10 ExsA-dependent promoters revealed a number of highly conserved nucleotides within the footprinted region. We find that most of the highly conserved nucleotides are required for transcription in vivo; EMSA-binding assays confirm that several of these nucleotides are essential determinants of ExsA(His) binding. The combined data support a model in which two ExsA(His) molecules bind adjacent sites on the promoter to activate T3SS gene transcription.
Contextual moderators of momentary cortisol and negative affect in adolescents' daily lives.

Abstract Purpose To use an ecological momentary assessment design to examine the links between momentary negative affect and cortisol in a sample of adolescents preparing to transition to college. Guided by a risk and resilience framework, we also explored whether important ecological factors, perceived discrimination and social support, moderated the momentary associations between negative affect and youths' cortisol. Methods Adolescents (N = 77) provided salivary samples and diary reports of affect and experiences five times a day over 3 days. They also completed self-report questionnaires on perceived discrimination and social support from family and friends. Results Within-person increases in momentary negative affect were associated with increases in cortisol. Perceived discrimination and social support from friends moderated this association. Adolescents who reported average and high levels of perceived discrimination experienced exaggerated cortisol responses to negative affect, whereas adolescents who reported low levels of perceived discrimination did not experience significant reactivity to negative affect. In contrast, adolescents who reported high levels of social support from friends experienced attenuated cortisol responses to negative affect compared with adolescents who reported average or low levels of social support from friends. Conclusions This study contributes to our understanding of youths' daily socioemotional experiences and physiological reactivity by identifying how perceived discrimination and social support from friends amplified and attenuated, respectively, the effects of negative affect on cortisol reactivity. Examining these processes within adolescents' naturalistic environments advances our understanding of the moderating role of ecological characteristics in adolescents' everyday lives.
Improvement in oral hygiene as a function of applied principles of behavioral modification.

Dr. Stacey has planned and reported a novel investigation of technics for motivating improved oral hygiene in children.
A 35-year-old Asian man with jaundice and markedly high aminotransferase levels.

The patient acquired hepatitis B virus at birth and was never treated for it. What is his present infection status?
THE MECHANISM OF THE NEPHRIDIAL APPARATUS OF PARAMECIUM MUL TIMICRONUCLEATUM : I. Expulsion of Water from the Vesicle

Recent analysis of the mechanism of the nephridial apparatus of Paramecium multimicronucleatum by high-speed cinematography (300 fps at x 250) confirms the observations by electron microscopy (Schneider, 1960) that once the pore is opened, the vesicle is invaginated by adjacent cytoplasm and is emptied by collapsing under pressure from that cytoplasm, aided perhaps by pressure of the fibrils which anchor the ampullae to the excretory canal. There is no indication of active contraction of the vesicle or its membrane. There is no permanent pore to the vesicle. The vesicle is closed by a sealing of the ruptured membrane where it is in contact with the pellicular excretory canal. At onset of expulsion of vesicular fluid the membrane across the basal opening of the excretory canal is ripped along one semicircular portion of the excretory pore and is driven up against the opposite wall as a flap while the water rushes out. A constriction of the vesicular and cell membranes at the base of the excretory canal reseals the opening.
Crystalline morphology of polyamide-6 near planar surfaces

The crystalline morphology and the orientation in thin films of polyamide-6 crystallized on polystyrene- or ethylene-propylene-diene rubber-coated silicon substrates were analysed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray and electron diffraction. Bright-field TEM imaging of thin films demonstrated that lamellae organize into disc-shaped crystals, or ‘discoids’, when the film thickness is below 0.5 μm. A model is presented for the organization of lamellae and the polyamide-6 chains in the lamellae of the discoids. In the inter-discoid regions, the films are semicrystalline and the lamellae fill the space randomly. Orientation studies by means of electron diffraction and wide-angle X-ray scattering showed that in relatively thin films (< 0.5 μm) the (0 0 2) hydrogen-bonded planes are parallel to the surface of the film. This orientation gradually diminishes as the film thickness increases. The change in orientation affects the mechanical properties: under uniaxial tension, the modulus and the flow stress of the films increase with decreasing thickness, hence with increasing orientation.
Extendable high-speed stimulus generation and recording on the Macintosh computer

A new visual electrophysiology and eye-movement laboratory was developed with three goals in mind: (1) rapid execution speed for quick acquisition of data from infant subjects, (2) ease of operation by experimenters, and (3) modularity and flexibility. A powerful system composed of two linked Macintosh computers was constructed in which one computer was used solely to generate visual stimuli and the second solely to record subjects’ responses, allowing recording to execute at maximum speed without being slowed by stimulus graphics generation. A single program on the recording computer allowed the experimenter to choose the stimulus and recording parameters. The two computers intercommunicated via a local EtherNet network to coordinate recording and signal averaging. This paper presents design principles and specific programming techniques relevant to any Macintosh system that must rapidly acquire physiological recordings while simultaneously displaying sensory stimuli.
Reproducibility of electrophysiologic testing during antiarrhythmic therapy for ventricular arrhythmias secondary to coronary artery disease

Although electrophysiologic studies are often used to assess antiarrhythmic drug efficacy in patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT), the reproducibility of these studies during therapy has not been definitively established. Confirmation studies were performed during drug therapy in 64 patients (51 men, mean age 63 years) with sustained ventricular arrhythmias induced during initial study to assess the reproducibility of drug effect. All patients had coronary artery disease. The stimulation protocol used included the serial introduction of up to 3 premature ventricular stimuli during sinus rhythm and with ventricular pacing at 2 pacing rates. Rapid ventricular pacing techniques were also used. Antiarrhythmic drug efficacy was confirmed in 77% of patients. Sustained VT was induced at repeat electrophysiologic study in 19% of patients during antiarrhythmic therapy that was previously thought to be effective. In summary, electrophysiologic study results during antiarrhythmic therapy exhibit significant day-to-day variability. Sustained VT can be induced during antiarrhythmic therapy that was previously defined as effective by programmed stimulation in a substantial number of patients.
Relation between Foldy-Wouthuysen and lorentz transformations

It is shown that, in the Dirac theory of a free electron, the Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation corresponds to the Lorentz transformation from the laboratory to the rest system of the electron, together with a factor which preserves the norm of the wave function. This consideration resolves the ambiguity in the Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation. Also it is shown that covariantly-defined Lorentz-tensor operators may be interpreted as Lorentz transforms of matrix operators from the rest to the laboratory system.
Crystal Structures of a Novel Ferric Reductase from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus and Its Complex with NADP

Background: Studies performed within the last decade have indicated that microbial reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) is a biologically significant process. The ferric reductase (FeR) from Archaeoglobus fulgidus is the first reported archaeal ferric reductase and it catalyzes the flavin-mediated reduction of ferric iron complexes using NAD(P)H as the electron donor. Based on its catalytic activity, the A. fulgidus FeR resembles the bacterial and eukaryotic assimilatory type of ferric reductases. However, the high cellular abundance of the A. fulgidus FeR (∼0.75% of the total soluble protein) suggests a catabolic role for this enzyme as the terminal electron acceptor in a ferric iron–based respiratory pathway [1]. Results: The crystal structure of recombinant A. fulgidus FeR containing a bound FMN has been solved at 1.5 A resolution by multiple isomorphous replacement/anomalous diffraction (MIRAS) phasing methods, and the NADP+- bound complex of FeR was subsequently determined at 1.65 A resolution. FeR consists of a dimer of two identical subunits, although only one subunit has been observed to bind the redox cofactors. Each subunit is organized around a six-stranded antiparallel β barrel that is homologous to the FMN binding protein from Desulfovibrio vulgaris. This fold has been shown to be related to a circularly permuted version of the flavin binding domain of the ferredoxin reductase superfamily. The A. fulgidus ferric reductase is further distinguished from the ferredoxin reductase superfamily by the absence of a Rossmann fold domain that is used to bind the NAD(P)H. Instead, FeR uses its single domain to provide both the flavin and the NAD(P)H binding sites. Potential binding sites for ferric iron complexes are identified near the cofactor binding sites. Conclusions: The work described here details the structures of the enzyme-FMN, enzyme-FMN-NADP+, and possibly the enzyme-FMN-iron intermediates that are present during the reaction mechanism. This structural information helps identify roles for specific residues during the reduction of ferric iron complexes by the A. fulgidus FeR.
In Vitro Effects of Antiprotozoan Drugs and Immune Serum on Pneumocystis carinii

The in vitro survival of Pneumocystis carinii isolated from the lungs of rats with glucocorticoid-induced pneumocystosis has been evaluated by quantitation of uptake of vital dyes by the organisms after exposure to a variety of drugs, immune serum, and medium enriched with macrophage lysosomal enzyme. On the basis of these tests, it appears that pentamidine and chloroquine are directly lethal to the organisms, but that suramin, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxazole are not. Neither immune serum supplemented with complement and lysozyme nor the supernatant of phagocytosing macrophages appeared to affect the viability of the organisms. Inhibitors of glucose uptake and metabolism appeared to kill Pneumocystis, but neither cycloheximide nor iododeoxyuridine was effective.
Incremental and single trauma produce equivalent subfailure soft tissue injury of the cervical spine

Abstract Background. Automotive collision simulations have been performed using either incremental or single trauma. In single trauma, a single impact is performed, while in incremental trauma, a series of impacts of increasing severity are executed. Equivalency of incremental and single trauma for soft tissue injury severity due to the final impact has not been established. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate whether incremental and single trauma produced similar cervical spine subfailure injury severity due to simulated frontal impacts. Methods. Porcine cervical spine specimens (C2–T1) of the incremental trauma group were subjected to five frontal impacts (2, 3.5, 5, 6.5, 8 g), while single trauma specimens were subjected to a single impact (8 g). Flexibility tests were performed on specimens while intact and following each impact. Intact and post 8 g flexibility parameters were compared within incremental and single trauma groups and between groups. Findings. No significant differences (P Interpretation. Incremental and single trauma produced equivalent subfailure cervical spine injury in simulated impacts, for the experimental conditions studied. This study may facilitate greater use of the incremental trauma protocol in future experimental designs.
The 11th North American Blueberry Workers Conference: An Introduction

The 11th North American Research and Extension Workers Conference (NABREW) was held from July 25–28 in Kalamazoo, Michigan. NABREW has been a key educational forum for blueberry researchers, extens...
Structural analyses of progesterone receptors.

Abstract Progesterone receptors of T47D co human breast cancer cells consist of two equimolar hormone-binding proteins of mol. wt ∼85,000 (A protein) and 115,000 (B protein). Both proteins can be demonstrated in intact cells by in situ photoaffinity labeling; that is, in cells treated with the synthetic progestin [ 3 H]R5020, irradiated 2 min with 300 nm u.v., solubilized directly in SDS and subjected to electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. These proteins are 6000–10,000 dalton heavier than the corresponding proteins of chick oviducts. This difference has been measured by (a) direct comparison of photolabeled chick and human receptors on SDS-PAGE and (b) by immunoblotting with the 9G10 antibody prepared against chick protein B. The antibody binds to a protein of mol. wt ∼ 106,000 in human cells that is smaller than the hormone-bound B protein and larger than the hormone-bound A. In T47D co cells, in situ photolabeled, untransformed receptors, as well as transformed nuclear-bound receptors, have equimolar amounts of A and B proteins. This ratio remains stable during a 1 h 37°C in vitro incubation. Analysis of the in situ labeled receptors on gradient gels shows that the untransformed B protein exists as a doublet of mol. wt ∼ 115,000 and 119,000 while the A protein is a singlet. After [ 3 H]R5020 treatment, nuclear receptors change further: during the first 30 min in the nucleus the B protein shifts entirely to the heavier, mol. wt = 119,000 form. Between 30 and 60 min after nuclear binding, the A protein first becomes a doublet of 85,000 and 89,000 dalton then shifts entirely to the 4000 dalton heavier form. Later, nuclear processing leads to the simultaneous disappearance of both proteins without generation of smaller molecular weight fragments. Cleveland mapping studies show that the A and B proteins are closely related; despite the initial difference in the molecular weight of A and B, digestion with S. aureaus V8 protease yields identical fragmentation patterns for each, with sequential peptides of mol. wt ∼ 49,000, 39,000, 26,000 and 14,000. We conclude that: (1) A and B are distinct, but closely related progestin-binding proteins, present in intact cells in stable and equimolar amounts, (2) the human proteins differ from the corresponding chick oviduct proteins in mass and 9G10 immunoreactivity; (3) following hormone binding and translocation to nuclei, A and B become covalently modified so that their molecular weight increases; this nuclear modification is asynchronous, occurring in B before A, and may be a reflection of asynchrony in their functional states; (4) nuclear processing involves simultaneous loss of both proteins.
BAYESIAN ASSIGNMENT OF COVERAGE COUNT LOCATIONS TO FACTOR GROUPS AND ESTIMATION OF MEAN DAILY TRAFFIC

Mean daily traffic (MDT) is the expected traffic volume at some site on a typical day, and it is usually estimated from short-count data by computing average daily traffic (ADT) and then correcting this ADT for the season or day of week of the count. Although considerable guidance exists on how to construct seasonal factor groups from automatic traffic recorder counts, less guidance is available on how to select the appropriate factors for correcting a particular short count or for estimating MDT when the appropriate factors are uncertain. A data-driven approach to assigning highway sites to factor groups using arbitrary samples of daily traffic counts, a method for designing traffic count samples to minimize the likelihood of assigning the site to the wrong factor group, and a Bayes estimator of MDT are described. A likelihood function describing the sample count is combined with prior estimates of the probabilities that a site belongs to each factor group to produce posterior classification probabilities. The site is then assigned to that factor group showing the highest posterior classification probability. The classification method is evaluated by using actual traffic data and appears to perform reliably with 14-day samples. A Bayes estimator of MDT is then developed, which is applicable even when it is unclear to which factor group a short-count site ought to be assigned. This estimator is evaluated by using actual data, and it also performs creditably with 14-day samples.
Understanding wheel dynamics

In five experiments, assessments were made of people's understandings about the dynamics of wheels. It was found that undergraduates make highly erroneous dynamical judgments about the motions of this commonplace event, both in explicit problem-solving contexts and when viewing ongoing events. These problems were also presented to bicycle racers and high-school physics teachers; both groups were found to exhibit misunderstandings similar to those of naive undergraduates. Findings were related to our account of dynamical event complexity. The essence of this account is that people encounter difficulties when evaluating the dynamics of any mechanical system that has more than one dynamically relevant object parameter. A rotating wheel is multidimensional in this respect: in addition to the motion of its center of mass, its mass distribution is also of dynamical relevance. People do not spontaneously form the essential multidimensional quantities required to adequately evaluate wheel dynamics.
Determination by high-frequency and -field EPR of zero-field splitting in iron(IV) oxo complexes: implications for intermediates in nonheme iron enzymes.

[FeIVO]2+ species have been implicated as the active form of many nonheme iron enzymes. The electronic structures of iron(IV) oxo complexes are thus of great interest. High-frequency and -field electron paramagnetic resonance is employed to determine accurately the spin Hamiltonian parameters of two stable complexes that contain the Fe═O unit: [FeO(TMC)(CH3CN)](CF3SO3)2, where TMC = tetramethylcyclam and [FeO(N4py)](CF3SO3)2, where N4Py = bis(2-pyridylmethyl)bis(2-pyridyl)methylamine. Both complexes exhibit zero-field splittings that are positive, almost perfectly axial, and of very large magnitude: D = +26.95(5) and +22.05(5) cm−1, respectively. These definitive experimental values can serve as the basis for further computational studies to unravel the electronic structures of such complexes.
Interlocked Chiral Nanotubes Assembled from Quintuple Helices

Homochiral helical chains were rationally synthesized from C2-symmetric 1,1-binaphthyl-6,6‘-bipyridine ligands and linear metal-connecting points, Ni(acac)2. Five such homochiral helices associate in parallel to form nanotubes of 2 × 2 nm in dimensions which further intertwine to form periodically ordered, interlocked nanotubular architectures that possess nanometer-scale open channels and have high affinity for aromatic molecules. Chiral crown ethers have also been successfully incorporated into the walls of these nanotubes, which promises to lead to novel chiral zeolitic materials applicable in enantioselective processes.
Neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy

Neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy (NTLE) comprises a heterogeneous group of epilepsies with focal seizures characterized by auditory, somatosensory, or psychic auras followed by motionless staring, early contralateral clonic activity often secondarily generalizing. Neurophysiologic findings in NTLE are typically a predominance of lateral temporal interictal epileptiform activity (IEA) and an ictal onset pattern consisting of irregular, hemispheric delta slowing. Advanced neurophysiologic techniques such as EEG and magnetoencephalography source imaging can help to determine the area generating the initial and propagated interictal and ictal activities and may limit the number of patients requiring long-term invasive recordings before epilepsy surgery.
Another Look at "SourceOECD": Providing Access to Online Publications through the Library Catalog

SourceOECD, the online/print subscription service of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, is examined. Solutions for providing access in library online catalogs are described, as are recent technical improvements to the online subscription service.
Interleukin-2 after autologous stem-cell transplantation for adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission.

Purpose: To determine the disease-free survival (DFS) and toxicity of administering interleukin-2 (IL-2) immunotherapy early after autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) to simulate a graft versus leukemia effect observed in allogeneic transplantation. Patients and Methods: Fifty-six patients with acute myeloid leukemia in first remission received a single consolidation of high-dose cytarabine-idarubicin at a median of 1.1 month postremission with the intent to proceed to ASCT and IL-2 9 × 106 U/m2/24 h for 4 days, followed by 10 days of IL-2 1.6 × 106 U/m2/24 h on hematologic recovery. Results: Eighty-four percent of patients received the intended ASCT, and 68% of patients received IL-2 treatment. With a median follow-up of 39.4 months (range, 1.2 to 76.3 months), the 2-year cumulative probability of DFS for all 56 patients is 68% (95% confidence interval [CI], 55% to 80%) and 74% (95% CI, 57% to 85%) for the 39 patients undergoing IL-2 treatment after ASCT. The 2-year cumulative probability of DFS ...
The Role of Prefabricated Language in Young Children's Second Language Acquisition

Abstract This study investigates how young learners of English as a second language become both capable of socializing in and linguistically creative in English, through the use of prefabricated language (PL). Four preschool Japanese children in two-way immersion programs were observed from the stages of single-word to multi-word utterances. Along with journals kept by the observer and the subjects' parents, each subject's conversations in school were tape recorded once a week. The utterances were transcribed and coded according to the definitions of PL, analyzed PL and creative language. The utterances of peers and teachers were examined to determine if interactions enhanced PL analysis. The results show that most of the novel sentences were constructed from PL or analyzed PL, but not from the free combination of words. Although the study did not find clear evidence that no internal process was necessary for the creative process, it implies that there is an important role for PL as a scaffold for linguis...
Promoting the participation of minorities in research.

The current policy of the National Institute of Health designed to increase the participation of women and minorities is radically different from previous policies designed to protect minorities from abuses in research studies. The principal arguments to support this policy are twofold: 1) Increased representation of minorities and women in research would increase the generalizability of research data and allow for valid analyses of differences in subpopulations; and 2) being in a clinical research study is advantageous to participants regardless of the final research study results. It remains unclear whether minorities find these arguments compelling. Instead of telling minorities that participation in research is good for them, the research community should focus on understanding what minority communities want from clinical research and then tailoring the message to meet this need. Persuasive arguments to promote long-term increased representation of minorities in clinical research must come from within...
Seismic response of adjacent dense and loose saturated sand columns

Abstract Compaction or densification of loose saturated soils has been the most popular method of reducing earthquake related liquefaction potential. Such compaction of a foundation soil is only economical when limited in extent, leading to a case of an ‘island’ of improved ground (surrounded by unimproved ground). The behavior of the densified sand surrounded by liquefied loose sand during and following earthquakes is of great importance in order to design the compacted area rationally and optimize both safety and economy. This problem is studied herein by means of dynamic centrifuge model tests. The results of three heavily-instrumented dynamic centrifuge tests on saturated models of side-by-side loose and dense sand profiles are discussed. The test results suggest the following concerns as relates to ‘islands’ of densified soil: (1) there is a potential strength degradation in the densified zone as a result of pore pressure increase due to migration of pore fluid into the island from the adjacent loose liquefied ground; (2) there is a potential for lateral deformation (sliding) within the densified island as the surrounding loose soil liquefies.
Primary B-cell lymphoma of the tongue in a patient with systemic sclerosis

We report a patient with systemic sclerosis who had the unusual development of a large-cell B-cell lymphoma of the base of his tongue. Patients with systemic sclerosis display an increased incidence of malignant neoplasms, particularly, breast and lung carcinomas [Arthritis. Rheum. 36 (1993) 460; Ann. Rheum. Dis. 52 (1993) 531]. The description of this case adds further evidence to the possible interrelationship of systemic sclerosis and the development of malignant neoplasms. A careful review of the English medical literature disclosed that B-cell lymphoma of the tongue in a patient with systemic sclerosis is an association which has not been described previously.
Stock markets and growth: A brief caveat on precautionary savings

Abstract By allowing portfolio diversification, the introduction of a stock market may reduce precautionary savings, thereby tending to lower economic growth. The analysis incorporates well-known results from the theory of precautionary savings into an endogenous growth model of ‘family businesses’.
Lattice Dynamics of Grey Tin and Indium Antimonide

We have measured the phonon-dispersion relations in symmetry directions for $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{n}$ at 90 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and InSb at 300 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. A limited number of measurements were made at 240 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K in $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{n}$ to look for effects associated with the phase transition, but none were found. The two dispersion relations are qualitatively similar, the main differences arising from the lower symmetry and a slight general drop in frequency in going from $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{n}$ to InSb. Systematic trends in the comparison with other group-IV and III-V semiconductors can be seen. We have found second-neighbor shell models which give a reasonable description of the dispersion relations but in which the parameters are poorly defined and apparently devoid of physical meaning. The microscopic implications of this fact are discussed.
The Analogue-I and the Analogue-Me: The Avatars of the Self

The analogue-I and analogue-me refer to mental self-relevant images that take a first-person vs. third-person perspective, respectively. Mental self-analogues are essential for goal setting, planning, and rehearsal of behavioral strategies, but they often fuel emotional and interpersonal problems when people react to their analogue selves as if they were real. This article examines the beneficial and detrimental consequences of the analogue-I and analogue-me, with a focus on egoic reactions that arise from how people think about themselves in their own minds. Phenomena such as counterfactual thinking, interpersonal conflict, jealousy, and overreactions to inconsequential events are used to illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of the mental self-analogues.
An example of a universally observable dynamical system

Abstract Some horocycle flows are observable by each continuous function that is not constant.
Question 1: is sedation necessary for MRI in an infant?

A term infant is noted to have frequent seizures during the first day of postnatal life. There are no specific risk factors for infection or hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy from the maternal or perinatal history. A sepsis evaluation including lumbar puncture, initial metabolic investigations and a cranial ultrasound prove unsupportive of any specific aetiology for the seizures. A neurology consultation is performed and cerebral MRI of the brain is recommended for further diagnostic evaluation. Is there sufficient evidence that imaging without sedation would provide satisfactory image quality? In a non-intubated infant under the age of 6 months undergoing MRI (patient), does non-sedation result in image results (outcome) comparable with any form of sedation (comparison)? Search date: 16 October 2012 Secondary Sources: The Cochrane library. Nil relevant. Primary Sources: Pubmed and Scopus. Search strategy used below including text words (tw) or medical subject headings (mh). Scopus was also searched in order to access Embase. (infant OR infants[tw] OR newborn[tw] OR newborns[tw] OR neonate[tw] OR neonates[tw] OR neonatal[tw]) AND (sedation[tw] OR sedative[tw] OR sedatives[tw] OR unsedated*[tw] OR nonsedat*[tw] OR immobiliz*[tw] OR physical restraint OR anaesthesia and analgesia[mh] OR anaesthesia[tw] OR anaesthetics OR hypnotics and sedatives[mh] OR narcotics) AND (MRI OR mri[tw] OR “mr imaging”[tw]). Total number of hits in Pubmed: 716. Total number of hits in Scopus: 88. Of these articles, 13 were considered relevant. The remaining 791 articles were excluded as they either administered IV or oral sedation to all infants, and/or …
Whole Body, Liver and Plasma Cholesterol Levels in Rats Fed Thermophilus, Bulgaricus and Acidophilus Milks

In five dietary treatments 70 rats (146g) were fed: (1) chow + water, (2) chow + skim milk, (3) chow + skim milk fermented by Streptococcus thermophilus, (4) chow + skim milk fermented by Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and (5) chow + skim milk fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus. After 4 wk of feeding, the mean levels of cholesterol in plasma (mg/dl) and whole body (mg/g dry matter) for treatments 1 through 5 were: 61.3, 54.7, 56.0, 57.1, and 58.1, and 3.68, 3.58, 3.27, 3.13, and 3.00, respectively (P > 0.05). Whole body lipids, liver lipids, liver cholesterol and liver weights were not significantly different. Results indicate that various fermented milks do not significantly alter the distribution of cholesterol among various body pools.
Ferromagnetic quantum critical point induced by dimer-breaking in SrCo 2 (Ge 1− x P x ) 2

Instead of the usual chemical doping or applied pressure methods for controlling quantum phase transitions, it’s now possible to break chemical bonds to tune into a ferromagnetic quantum critical point.
Prenatal cocaine exposure alters sensitivity to the effects of idazoxan in a distraction task.

Abstract The present study was designed to test whether prenatal cocaine (COC) exposure alters sensitivity to the attentional effects of idazoxan (IDZ), an alpha-2 adrenergic antagonist that increases coeruleocortical NE activity [1,35] . The task assessed subjects’ ability to selectively attend to an unpredictable light cue and disregard olfactory distractors. IDZ increased commission errors specifically under conditions of distraction, an effect that was similar in the COC and control groups. In contrast, COC animals were significantly more sensitive than controls to the effects of IDZ on omission errors and nontrials. The pattern of effects suggests that the differential treatment response to IDZ on these latter measures resulted from an alteration in norepinephrine (NE)-modulated dopamine release in the COC animals, reflecting lasting changes in dopaminergic and/or noradrenergic systems as a result of the early cocaine exposure. Based on the behavioral measures that showed a differential response to IDZ in the COC animals, it seems likely that these changes may contribute to the alterations in sustained attention and arousal regulation that have been reported in both animals and humans exposed to cocaine in utero.
Modulating effects of a cold water stimulus on opioid effects in volunteers

The purpose of this study was to characterize the effect of a painful stimulus on morphine and butorphanol effects in healthy non-drug abusing volunteers. Thirteen subjects with no history of opiate dependence participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial in which each subject received saline, 2 mg/70 kg butorphanol, and 10 mg/70 kg morphine, IV, in each of two conditions, periodic forearm immersions into either ice-cold water (2 degrees C) or into warm water (37 degrees C). Both opioids reduced self-reported ratings of pain intensity, indicative of analgesia. Several of the subjective effects of morphine were attenuated either during or in between cold-water immersions, including visual analog scale ratings of "coasting (spaced out)," "high (drug "high")," "sleepy (drowsy, tired)," and "lightheaded". In contrast, some of butorphanol's subjective effects were increased by the cold-water manipulation. Morphine impaired psychomotor performance during one of the warm-water immersions, but not during the cold-water immersions. Psychomotor impairment induced by butorphanol was not affected by water temperature. This study provides evidence that opioid effects can be modulated by a painful stimulus in humans.
Redesigning video analysis: an interactive ink annotation tool

Video recording and analysis is an important tool for user experience researchers. This project aimed to learn more about how an interactive video annotation method might affect video analysis. Ink annotations on video were used as the annotation method, and an early prototype was demonstrated to professional user experience researchers. Feedback on the interactive video analysis method was positive. A new tool was designed and is being implemented that emphasized the insights gained from analysis of the initial research, including: collaborative timeline visualization, refined interaction with ink annotation tools, a refined general annotation toolset, and a toolset for reporting findings. Further lessons from implementation are noted, including: video manipulation, space limitations for tool navigation, and reporting tool development.