cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deposition and meniscus alignment of DNA–CNT on a substrate

We present a study of deposition and meniscus alignment of DNA-single walled carbon nanotube hybrids (DNA-CNT) on a silicon wafer coated with an alkyl-silane monolayer. We show that this process occurs in two stages: adsorption of DNA-CNT onto the hydrophobic surface and subsequent alignment by a passing meniscus. We study how pH, ionic strength, and time affect the density of nanotubes deposited on the surface. Experimental results are interpreted using models for the kinetics of deposition and for forces that affect alignment by the meniscus. We show that this method can be used to produce uniform global alignment of controlled density as well as controlled patterns, results that may be useful for applications such as CNT-based device construction.
Optimal treatment of actinic keratosis.

Dear editor We read with interest the review by Uhlenhake on treatments for actinic keratosis (AK).1 The author presents a summary of the various AK treatment options used to reduce the risk of progression to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The article includes a table (Table 1) comparing advantages and side effects of these options. Patient-administered topical treatments are an important strategy for treating confluent AKs and areas of sun-damaged skin that may contain subclinical AKs. Rates of complete and partial clearance are similar across the topical agents (fluorouracil, imiquimod, diclofenac, and ingenol mebutate). It is noteworthy that the uniquely brief regimen for ingenol mebutate, 2 to 3 days, produced clearance rates similar to those with the other agents, which have treatment regimens of several weeks.1 All of the topical agents are associated with common side effects that include localized erythema, flaking, scaling, and crusting; however, dyspigmentation and scarring occur infrequently. Ingenol mebutate gel is a new topical treatment for AK. Occurrence of dyspigmentation and scarring are rare as there was minimal change in pigmentation and minimal scarring in all groups of the Phase III studies.2 Neither dyspigmentation nor scarring are reported among adverse reactions in the Picato package insert.3 Localized changes in pigmentation and scarring have been reported with fluorouracil and imiquimod.4–6 Localized skin reactions persist during treatment.3–6 In my experience, some patients are unable to tolerate prolonged inflammatory skin reactions and may discontinue treatment early, thus failing to achieve the anticipated rates of clearance. The short treatment regimen of ingenol mebutate provides a valuable option for such patients.
A Dynamic Hotelling-Type Model:

This paper describes two strategies which analyse the problem of locating public facilities, such as health and daycare centers, in a spatial market with consumer demand increasing over time. Both strategies are required to satisfy some prescribed optimality criterion at the end of a given planning period. Production (demand) totals, corresponding to each strategy, are compared for any given demand level. Finally, the possibility of reaping scale economies, as production expands, is explored.
Hip fractures and pain following proton therapy for management of prostate cancer

AbstractBackground. Proton therapy (PT) for prostate cancer reduces rectal and bladder dose, but increases dose to the femoral necks. We assessed the risk of hip fracture and pain in men treated with PT for prostate cancer. Material and methods. From 2006 to 2008, 382 men were treated for prostate cancer and evaluated at six-month intervals after PT for toxicities at University of Florida Proton Therapy Institute (UFPTI). The WHO Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) generated annual hip-fracture risk for the cohort. The WHO FRAX tool was utilized to generate the expected number of patients with hip fractures and the observed-to-expected ratio; confidence intervals and p-value were generated with the mid-P exact test. Univariate analysis of hip pain as a function of several prognostic factors was accomplished with Fisher's exact test. Results. Median follow-up was four years (range, 0.1–5.5 years). Per FRAX, 3.02 patients were expected to develop a hip fracture without PT. Three PT patients actually develo...
Dielectric properties of beryllia ceramics in the near-millimeter wavelength range

We report the refractive indices and absorption coefficients for four beryllia (BeO) ceramic samples. These dielectric properties have been measured over the range from 4 to 18 cm−1 by use of a Michelson interferometer. The index n, follows the linear relationship n=0.6517 cm3/g×ρ+0.7130 with density, ρ, over the range 2.8<ρ<3.0 g/cm3.
A model for vibration transmission of light–heavy structures

Abstract The vibration transmission of light–heavy structures is investigated in this paper. The light–heavy structure consists of a thin beam and a mass block. Based on numerical simulations with the finite element method and experiments, the block's effect on the thin beam is defined. A theoretical model for this beam–block structure is successfully developed, which is validated and agrees very well with the numerical and experimental models. Two kinds of transfer functions of velocities between any two points on the beam–block structure are studied experimentally and theoretically. The theoretical transfer functions agree well with the experimental results. There are peaks and valleys in the transfer functions, where the peaks occur at the anti-resonant frequencies of the second point and the valleys at the anti-resonant frequencies of the first point. Away from these peaks and valleys the magnitude of the transfer functions are about 0 dB for two points on the beam, and about 20 dB in our experiments for a point on the beam and another point on the block (close to the theoretical prediction of 18 dB determined by the mass ratio of the beam and the block). With these transfer functions, new techniques might be developed for indirect measurement of the vibration of the thin beam by measuring the vibration of the block.
Excitation of Nebular Lines

THE note which was added in proof by Menzel to his letter in NATURE regarding the effect of collisions on the intensities of nebular lines1 prompts me to make the following remarks. In presenting the results to which he refers to the San Diego meeting of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific last June, I pointed out that a probable reason for the increase in intensity with pressure of the forbidden transitions in nitrogen is that the rate of production of the metastable states increases more rapidly with pressure than does the rate of de-excitation. It is quite probable that the process of excitation of the metastable nitrogen molecules and atoms in the afterglow is a much more complex process than the production of excited states in nebulae.
Mathematical model of transmission pulse oximetry

A mathematical model of optical propagation in tissue based on the one-dimensional photon diffusion theory is used to analyze the response of transmission pulse oximeters. The model predicts that errors of over 5% oxygen saturation can occur if there are changes in the emission spectra of the LEDs, the fraction of blood in tissue, the hematocrit or the arterial venous saturation difference. However, the model predicts that the instruments should be insensitive to changes in the red blood cell size, the tissue absorption and scattering cross sections, and infusion of saline. >
Inducible cardiomyocyte-specific gene disruption directed by the rat Tnnt2 promoter in the mouse

We developed a conditional and inducible gene knockout methodology that allows effective gene deletion in mouse cardiomyocytes. This transgenic mouse line was generated by co-injection of two transgenes, a “reverse” tetracycline-controlled transactivator (rtTA) directed by a rat cardiac troponin T (Tnnt2) promoter and a Cre recombinase driven by a tetracycline-responsive promoter (TetO). Here, Tnnt2-rtTA activated TetO-Cre expression takes place in cardiomyocytes following doxycycline treatment. Using two different mouse Cre reporter lines, we demonstrated that expression of Cre recombinase was specifically and robustly induced in the cardiomyocytes of embryonic or adult hearts following doxycycline induction, thus, allowing cardiomyocyte-specific gene disruption and lineage tracing. We also showed that rtTA expression and doxycycline treatment did not compromise cardiac function. These features make the Tnnt2-rtTA;TetO-Cre transgenic line a valuable genetic tool for analysis of spatiotemporal gene function and cardiomyocyte lineage tracing during developmental and postnatal periods.
Dynamic mechanical orientation of skeletal myofibers in vitro.

Avian embryonic myoblasts respond to a continuously stretching substratum in vitro by fusing into skeletal myofibers which are oriented parallel to the direction of substratum movement. The rate of stretch is critical for optimal orientation to occur. A speed of 0.2 mm per hour gives optimal orientation and rates of stretch faster or slower than this decreases the percentage of oriented fibers. The ratio of the rate of myofiber development to the rate of substratum stretch for optimal in vitro myofiber orientation is comparable to the in vivo ratio of the rate of myofiber development to the rate of bone elongation. Thus, this in vitro system supports the idea that mechanical force may be an important element in morphogenesis of skeletal muscle.
Research Productivity in Counseling Psychology An Update

This article is an update and review of institutional research productivity in counseling psychology. Institutional research productivity is assessed by totaling credits for articles published from 1993 to 2002 in the following journals: Journal of Counseling Psychology, The Counseling Psychologist, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Journal of Counseling and Development, Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, and Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology. Results show that the rankings of many programs have remained fairly stable over the years, while others have substantially changed. Additionally, two factors were found to represent the research productivity of institutions in the field. These results are discussed in terms of the identity of counseling psychology and research productivity.
A 20 GHz active receive slot array

A 20 GHz active receive slot array has been developed for operation in the downlink frequency band of NASA's Advanced Communication Technology Satellite (ACTS) for the ACTS Mobile Terminal (AMT) project. The AMT is used to demonstrate voice and data communication between a mobile terminal and a fixed terminal via the ACTS satellite. The active antenna consists of an array of fourteen linear series-fed-type microstrip slot arrays, fourteen packaged monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) low noise amplifier (LNA) submodules connected at each subarray output, a 14-way Wilkinson-type power divider, and a final additional LNA submodule used as a driver amplifier. The active receive array was designed to achieve the receive sensitivity requirement by placing the LNAs as close as possible to the antenna subarrays, minimizing the losses that occur in front of the amplifiers. The additional driver amplifier further minimizes the system G/T sensitivity to losses that follow the antenna. >
CpG island tumor suppressor promoter methylation in non-BRCA-associated early mammary carcinogenesis.

Background: Only 5% of all breast cancers are the result of BRCA1/2 mutations. Methylation silencing of tumor suppressor genes is well described in sporadic breast cancer; however, its role in familial breast cancer is not known. Methods: CpG island promoter methylation was tested in the initial random periareolar fine-needle aspiration sample from 109 asymptomatic women at high risk for breast cancer. Promoter methylation targets included RARB (M3 and M4), ESR1, INK4a/ARF, BRCA1, PRA, PRB, RASSF1A, HIN-1 , and CRBP1 . Results: Although the overall frequency of CpG island promoter methylation events increased with age ( P < 0.0001), no specific methylation event was associated with age. In contrast, CpG island methylation of RARB M4 ( P = 0.051), INK4a/ARF ( P = 0.042), HIN-1 ( P = 0.044), and PRA ( P = 0.032), as well as the overall frequency of methylation events ( P = 0.004), was associated with abnormal Masood cytology. The association between promoter methylation and familial breast cancer was tested in 40 unaffected premenopausal women in our cohort who underwent BRCA1/2 mutation testing. Women with BRCA1/2 mutations had a low frequency of CpG island promoter methylation (15 of 15 women had ≤4 methylation events), whereas women without a mutation showed a high frequency of promoter methylation events (24 of 25 women had 5-8 methylation events; P < 0.0001). Of women with a BRCA1/2 mutation, none showed methylation of HIN-1 and only 1 of 15 women showed CpG island methylation of RARB M4, INK4a/ARF , or PRB promoters. Conclusions: This is the first evidence of CpG island methylation of tumor suppressor gene promoters in non-BRCA1/2 familial breast cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(3):901–14)
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation Is Involved in Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-Directed Migration by Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a crucial response to vascular injury resulting in neointima formation and atherosclerosis. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) functions as a potent chemoattractant for VSMCs and enhances these pathologies in the vasculature. However, little is known about the intracellular pathways that mediate VSMC migration. In the present study, we investigated the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in this function, since PDGF-BB as well as other growth factors activate this pathway. Using an in-gel kinase assay, we observed that PD 98059 an inhibitor of MEK that activates MAP kinase, inhibited PDGF-BB-induced activation of ERK-1 and ERK-2 in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, PDGF-mediated activation of intracellular calcium release was not affected by PD 98059. The chemotactic response of both rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) and human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells (HUSMCs) toward PDGF-BB (10 ng/mL) was significantly reduced by PD 98059 (10 mumol/L) to 41.7 +/- 7.1% in RASMCs (P < .01) and to 47.2 +/- 5.3% in HUSMCs (P < .01). Similar inhibition was seen at 30 mumol/L, less at 1 mumol/L. To further confirm the specificity of these results implicating the MAPK pathway, an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) directed against the initiation translation site of rat ERK-1 and ERK-2 mRNA was used to suppress MAP kinase synthesis and function in rat VSMCs. Liposomal transfection with 0.4 mumol/L antisense ODN reduced ERK-1 and ERK-2 protein by 65% (P < .01) after 48 hours. The chemotactic response to PDGF-BB (10 ng/mL) was reduced by 75% (P < .01) in rat VSMCs transfected with the same antisense ODN concentration. Sense and scrambled control ODNs (0.4 mumol/L) did not affect ERK-1 and ERK-2 protein concentrations or chemotaxis of VSMCs induced by PDGF-BB. These experiments provide the first evidence that activation of MAPK is a critical event in PDGF-mediated signal transduction regulating VSMC migration.
Silicon sputtering as a surface treatment to titanium alloy for bonding with PEKEKK

Abstract Thermoplastics, having strong polar or hydrogen bonding groups, are potential candidates for thin film bonding. In this investigation, a thermoplastic polymer poly(ether ketone ether ketone ketone) (PEKEKK) is used as an adhesive to bond the titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V). The titanium alloy is silicon-sputtered to improve the bond strength to PEKEKK. The bond strengths of butt-joined specimens prepared using silicon-sputtered, silane-coated, sodium hydroxide-anodized round bars of titanium alloy as adherends are determined and compared with that of untreated titanium alloy round bars. Of the various thicknesses of silicon layers studied, layers that are 200 A thick proved to have a more durable bond, as demonstrated by soak test results in Ringer’s solution. It is observed that silicon sputtering enhances the bond strength of titanium alloy/PEKEKK butt joints and provides a more resistant interface to intruding water. The combination of anodization followed by silicon sputtering further improves the durability of the bond. It is confirmed by XPS analysis that fracture does not take place between the silicon and the titanium substrate. Wetting studies by contact angle method using water as test liquid, indicate significantly better wetting after silicon sputtering for Ti–6AL–4V adherends.
Parkinson’s Disease: Autonomic Neuronopathy With Impaired Cardiovascular Regulation

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is generally considered a movement disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), most notably in the substantia nigra. The pathogenesis of the neuronal degeneration is not completely understood but is characterized by abnormal protein deposits forming characteristic neuronal inclusions, which are visible by light microscopy of autopsy samples, and termed Lewy bodies. α-Synuclein is one of the proteins found in these inclusions and has attracted interest because mutations of the gene encoding for this protein are found in familiar cases of PD. Most of the disability associated with PD is indeed the result of this CNS defect, and the treatment is aimed at increasing dopamine levels in the CNS, while avoiding as much as possible an increase in the periphery. Less widely recognized is the fact that orthostatic hypotension can occur in PD patients and can become symptomatic and disabling in a significant proportion of patients. The incidence of documented orthostatic hypotension in PD, in community-based studies, ranges from 10% to 40%. Orthostatic hypotension in PD is commonly attributed to the known adverse effects of dopaminergic drugs. However, over the last decade there is growing evidence that peripheral nerves, particularly autonomic neurons, are also involved in PD. Lewy body inclusions, containing α-synuclein, have been found in peripheral autonomic neurons in autopsy cases of otherwise classic PD.1 Microscopically, eosinophilic ubiquitin- and α-synuclein–positive Lewy Bodies and Lewy neurites are not only found in the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus but also are widespread in ganglions cells …
Invest Now, Drink Later, Spend Never: The Mental Accounting of Delayed Consumption

Monetary transactions in which consumption is temporally separated from purchase naturally lend themselves to multiple frames and to alternative accounting schemes, which nonetheless maintain a modicum of discipline and authenticity. We investigate some of the relevant accounting rules, and find that advanced purchases (e.g., a case of wine) are typically treated as "investments" rather than spending. At the same time, consumption of a good purchased earlier and used as planned (a wine bottle opened for dinner) is often coded as "free", or even as savings. However, when it is not consumed as planned (a bottle is dropped and broken), then the relevant account, long dormant, is resuscitated and costs associated with the event are perceived as the cost of replacing the good, especially if replacement is actually likely. Related phenomena and assorted implications are discussed.
Effects of Heavy Ions on Rabbit Tissues: Cataractogenesis

As part of an investigation of the responses of optic and proximate tissues to heavy-ion irradiation, the lenses of New Zealand white rabbits were exposed to the Bragg plateau regions of 530 MeV/amu Ar ions and 365 MeV/amu Ne ions and also to 60Co gamma-photons. The linear energy transfers (LET infinity s) for the radiations were 90 +/- 5, 35 +/- 3, and 0.3 keV/micrometer, respectively. After irradiation, lenticular opacities were monitored through their incipient and/or clinical stages (less than or equal to 5 years) by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and scored with subjective, but well-defined, indices. Cataractogenesis, which progressed according to the model proposed by Rubin and Casarett (1968), was modified by radiation quality in the following ways. (1) The rate of development of the early (acute) stage increased with the LET infinity of the incident radiation; (2) at the intermediate (plateau) stage, the values for the relative biological effectiveness (r.b.e.) of the heavy ions were similar to those reported for proliferating cells in culture; (3) for a given intermediate level, the onset of late cataractogenesis occurred earlier the higher the LET affinity of the radiation involved. As with alopecia, the r.b.e.s for cataractogenesis varied with post-irradiation time.
Minority Group Status, Health Transitions, and Community Living Arrangements among the Elderly

This study examines patterns of change in functional capacity among Black and non-Latino White older persons over a 4-year period using the 1988 Longitudinal Study of Aging. The results reveal that among all three groups, improvements in functional capacity often follow declines, but they also show that Blacks are more likely than non-Latino Whites to suffer protracted declines in functional capacity, ultimately resulting in more serious incapacity. The central objective of the article is the development of a conceptual model to identify those factors that account for racial and ethnic group differences in health and functional capacity as well as the documented greater propensity of Black and Latino elderly to rely on informal sources of support in the community rather than on formal long-term care.
Design and implementation of a multidegree of freedom intelligent robot hand

A parallel-jaw type multiple-d.o.f. robot hand is designed and implemented to manipulate workpieces within the hand by rotation and translation. An efficient manipulator control algorithm and part mating application is developed. A simulation result is also presented to show the changes of force during part insertion to verify the models developed. >
FUNDesign - A Function-Based Method for Addressing Uncertainty During the Design of Engineering Systems: Representations and Knowledge Storage

This paper outlines a function-based method for addressing design parameter uncertainty during the conceptual design phase of an engineering system. The method is given the name FUNdesign and represents a set of tools for obtaining and storing sensitivity information of functions from previous designs as well as tools for applying this information to designing new systems. To store the sensitivity information, functional models created using the Functional Basis are first created for previous designs. Performance models for each function in the model are then identified and a sensitivity analysis performed on each model with respect to each design parameter. This sensitivity information and its associated performance models are then stored according to functionality in an engineering design repository. The information stored in the repository is then used to aide the allocation of design and modeling resources during the design of a system with similar functionality. The specific focus areas of this paper are the sensitivity parameters and methods required to store the sensitivity information.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Club convergence and clustering of U.S. energy-related CO2 emissions

This study examines the convergence of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions among a panel of U.S. states between the period 1960–2010. This examination is carried out by means of a two-stage procedure. In the first stage, we conduct an endogenous grouping, regression-based convergence test. Unlike previous studies, this methodology endogenously identifies groups of states with emissions that are converging to a similar steady state growth path over time. In the second stage, we evaluate the conditional rate of convergence for the whole sample and for each club using panel data, fixed effects models that control for unobserved, time-invariant heterogeneous effects. More specifically, we examine the rates of convergence conditional on certain structural and non-structural characteristics of the state economy. Results from stage one and stage two suggest that one group of twenty-six states is converging to a unique steady-state equilibrium, and otherwise, the remaining states are diverging. Finally, we discuss different policy approaches to mitigating carbon dioxide emissions based on the club convergence hypothesis.
Cholera Transmission in Ouest Department of Haiti: Dynamic Modeling and the Future of the Epidemic

In the current study, a comprehensive, data driven, mathematical model for cholera transmission in Haiti is presented. Along with the inclusion of short cycle human-to-human transmission and long cycle human-to-environment and environment-to-human transmission, this novel dynamic model incorporates both the reported cholera incidence and remote sensing data from the Ouest Department of Haiti between 2010 to 2014. The model has separate compartments for infectious individuals that include different levels of infectivity to reflect the distribution of symptomatic and asymptomatic cases in the population. The environmental compartment, which serves as a source of exposure to toxigenic V. cholerae, is also modeled separately based on the biology of causative bacterium, the shedding of V. cholerae O1 by humans into the environment, as well as the effects of precipitation and water temperature on the concentration and survival of V. cholerae in aquatic reservoirs. Although the number of reported cholera cases has declined compared to the initial outbreak in 2010, the increase in the number of susceptible population members and the presence of toxigenic V. cholerae in the environment estimated by the model indicate that without further improvements to drinking water and sanitation infrastructures, intermittent cholera outbreaks are likely to continue in Haiti.
Realized Gains from Block-Plot Coastal Douglas-Fir Trials in the Northern Oregon Cascades

Realized gains for coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) were evaluated using data collected from 15-year-old trees from five field trials planted in large block plots in the northern Oregon Cascades. Three populations with different genetic levels (elite ‐ high predicted gain; intermediate ‐ moderate predicted gain; and unimproved ‐ wild seedlot) were compared at two planting spacings (1.8 x 1.8 m and 3.6 x 3.6 m). The realized gains at age 15 averaged over both the elite and intermediate progeny were 17.2% for stand volume per hectare, 3.5% for mean height, and 4.3% for diameter, compared to predicted genetic gains of 16.0% for volume, 5.4% for height, and 6.4% for diameter. Realized and predicted gains correlated well at the family level, with an average correlation coefficient close to 0.80. The improved populations also had higher survival rate and lower stem sinuosity than the unimproved population. Strong genetic level x planting spacing interaction effects were revealed for the growth traits at age 15 using mixed model analyses. Realized gains for stand per-hectare volume and mean growth rate were at least twice as large in the elite population as in the intermediate population at the close spacing. By contrast, both populations performed similarly at the wide spacing. This indicates that the selected genetic materials responded differently to the changes of competitive environment, and realized gain trials should closely mimic operational plantations in order to provide valid estimates of realized gains. Realized gains in per-hectare volume varied greatly among test sites. No significant genetic level x site interactions were found for any traits.
Appropriate placement of intubation depth marks in a new cuffed paediatric tracheal tube

Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of intubation depth marks on the new Microcuff paediatric tracheal tube. Methods. With local Institutional Ethics Committee approval and informed parental consent, we included patients from birth (weighing ≥3 kg) to 16 yr who were undergoing general anaesthesia requiring orotracheal intubation. Tracheal intubation was performed using direct laryngoscopy, the intubation depth mark was placed between the vocal cords, and the tube was taped to the lateral corner of the mouth. The distance between the tube tip and the tracheal carina was assessed by flexible bronchoscopy with the patients in supine, and their head in neutral positions. Tube sizes were selected according to the formula: internal diameter (ID; mm)=(age/4)+3.5 in children ≥2 yr. In full-term newborns (≥3 kg) to less than 1 yr ID 3.0 mm tubes were used and in children from 1 to less than 2 yr ID 3.5 mm tubes were used. Endoscopic examination was performed in 50 size ID 3.0 mm tubes, and in 25 tubes of each tube size from ID 3.5 to 7.0 mm. Tracheal length and percentage of the trachea to which the tube tip was advanced were calculated. Results. 250 patients were studied (105 girls, 145 boys). The distance from the tube tip to the carina ranged from 1.4 cm in a 2-month-old infant (ID 3.0 mm) to 7.7 cm in a 14-yr-old boy (ID 7.0 mm). Mean tube insertion into the trachea was 53.2% (6.3) of tracheal length with a minimum of 40% and a maximum of 67.6%. Conclusions. The insertion depth marks of the new Microcuff paediatric tracheal tube allow adequate placing of the tracheal tube with a cuff-free subglottic zone and without the risk for endobronchial intubation in children from birth to adolescence.
The Blazhko Effect of the RR Lyrae Star DR Andromedae

We have obtained 551 new V and R observations of the RR Lyrae star DR Andromedae. Our data set is consistent with a primary period of 0.563118 days; however, the light curve of DR And cannot be well described by a single period. We conclude that DR And demonstrates the Blazhko effect with a Blazhko period of approximately 57.5 days.
Large Granular Lymphocytosis, Lymphocyte Subset Inversion, Thrombocytopenia, Dysproteinemia, and Positive Ehrlichia Serology in a Dog

A 7-year-old, mixed-breed dog was presented for evaluation of a possible lymphocytic leukemia. Results of laboratory testing included thrombocytopenia, large granular lymphocytosis, inverted CD4:CD8 ratio, hyperglobulinemia, and hypoalbuminemia. Results of a tick-borne disease panel indicated a positive immunoglobulin G serum titer (1:2,048) to Ehrlichia canis, supporting exposure to this organism. The dog responded to a combination treatment of doxycycline and prednisone. A review of the literature and novel diagnostic methods that aided in the diagnosis of this case are discussed.
18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging of Extranodal Rosai-Dorfman Disease with Hepatopancreatic Involvement - A Pictorial and Literature Review

We share our experience with serial PET/CT imaging on a patient with extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) with hepatopancreatic involvement. RDD is a benign proliferative disorder of histiocytes mainly involving the lymph nodes. It typically presents with fever and painless cervical lymphadenopathy in young adults and less than half of RDS cases demonstrate extranodal involvement. RDD involvement of the liver and pancreas is extremely rare, and this case highlights the role of PET/CT in its management.
The impact of biotechnology on conventional germplasm conservation and use

Genetic information exists in a variety of forms. Molecular biologists deal with DNA sequences that can be stored in a computer database, transmitted electronically, and used to synthesize molecules of 100 or so units in length. This technology has had little impact so far on conventional germplasm conservation. The extent to which it might replace or supplement conventional germplasm conservation is far from clear. Comparison of DNA sequences of genes from different sources may well prove to be valuable in evaluating and classifying accessions. For those species that cannot be conserved as seed or which are clonally propagated, conservation by micropropagation techniques has had a major impact. The expense and inconvenience of cryopreservation, however, is still an obstacle to long-term conservation of tissue-culture materials. New tools for more efficient cataloging and description of accessions will provide valuable adjuncts to conventional methods.
Abstract W P175: Stroke Etiology and the Risk of Post-stroke Seizure: A Long-term Population-based Cohort Study

Background: Seizures are a known complication of ischemic stroke. Some studies have reported a higher risk of post-stroke seizure with cardioembolic strokes, whereas others have not. The risk of post-stroke seizure for different stroke mechanisms is unclear. Objective: To compare different stroke etiologies and the risk of post-stroke seizure in a population-based study. Methods: Utilizing the Rochester Epidemiology Project medical records linkage system, we ascertained all first ischemic strokes occurring among Rochester, MN residents from 1990-1994, and followed the patients in the comprehensive medical record through March 2014 for occurrence of seizure. TOAST stroke subtype classification was determined by a consensus of cerebrovascular neurologists. New post-stroke seizure was identified by physician diagnosis and/or EEG report. Patients with a seizure before the index stroke were not included. Pre-morbid stroke risk factors were recorded. Associations between seizure after index ischemic stroke as outcome and other variables of interest were assessed using univariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 490 patients met inclusion criteria, with median follow-up of 6.5 years. Out of 490 patients, 35 had new onset seizures (7.1%). Median age was significantly lower at index stroke for patients with seizures (73 v. 77 years, p=0.017). The most common TOAST stroke subtype was cryptogenic (46.8%) followed by cardioembolic (24.9%). There was no significant difference in TOAST stroke subtypes between patients with post-stroke seizure and those without (p=0.35). There was also no difference between the two groups when comparing combined cardioembolic and large-vessel to small-vessel (p=0.28) or cryptogenic to small-vessel (p=0.9) mechanisms. There was also no difference in pre-morbid stroke risk factors between the two groups, including hypertension (p=0.22), total cholesterol (p=0.95), type 2 diabetes mellitus (p=0.13), tobacco use (p=0.27), atrial fibrillation (p=0.9), or previous myocardial infarction (p=0.67). Conclusion: This study suggests that the long-term risk of post-stroke seizures does not differ by ischemic stroke etiology.
Pattern theory for representation and inference of semantic structures in videos

The framework is robust to severe scenarios of feature classification errors.Flexible representation scheme to capture large range of structural variations.Interpretation performance improved the state-of-the-art in challenging scenarios. Semantic structures for video interpretation are formed using generators and bonds, the fundamental units of representation in pattern theory. Generators represent features and ontological concepts such as actions and objects whereas bonds are members of generators that encode ontological constraints and allow generators to connect to each other. The resulting configurations of connected generators provide scene interpretations; the inference goal is to parse a given video data and generate high-probability configurations. The probabilistic structures are imposed using energies that have contributions from both data (classification scores) and prior information (ontological constraints, co-occurrence frequencies, etc). The search for optimal configurations is based on an MCMC, simulated-annealing algorithm that uses simple moves to propose configuration changes and to accept/reject them according to the posterior energy. In contrast to current graphical methods, this framework does not preselect a neighborhood structure but tries to infer it from the data.Display Omitted We develop a combinatorial approach to represent and infer semantic interpretations of video contents using tools from Grenanders pattern theory. Semantic structures for video interpretation are formed using generators and bonds, the fundamental units of representation in pattern theory. Generators represent features and ontological items, such as actions and objects, whereas bonds are threads used to connect generators while respecting appropriate constraints. The resulting configurations of partially-connected generators are termed scene interpretations. Our goal is to parse a given video data set into high-probability configurations. The probabilistic models are imposed using energies that have contributions from both data (classification scores) and prior information (ontological constraints, co-occurrence frequencies, etc). The search for optimal configurations is based on an MCMC, simulated-annealing algorithm that uses simple moves to propose configuration changes and to accept/reject them according to the posterior energy. In contrast to current graphical methods, this framework does not preselect a neighborhood structure but tries to infer it from the data. The proposed framework is able to obtain 20% higher classification rates, compared to a purely machine learning-based baseline, despite artificial insertion of low-level processing errors. In an uncontrolled scenario, video interpretation performance rates are found to be double that of the baseline.
A Model for a Quantum-Dot Gain-Lever Mode-Locked Laser

An alternative explanation of achieving passive mode-locking in a quantum-dot (QD) laser without a dedicated saturable absorber section is proposed. The method employs an analytical model based on the net gain modulation within the cavity. Two differentially pumped sections, operated in forward bias, may utilize the differential gain contrast between them to enable pulse formation. The large differential gain contrast available in QD media and the relative ease with which such devices can be fabricated extend the utility of this methodology for the development of a QD gain-lever mode-locked laser as a next generation optical source. Alternative cavity configurations that exclude a dedicated saturable absorber section and the concomitant reduction of intracavity losses provides another path in the development of short cavity lasers with high pulse repetition rates.
Fate of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid in rat and guinea pig.

SummaryEvidence has been obtained employing C14 tracer technics which shows no appreciable conversion of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid to L-ascorbic acid by the rat or guinea pig. From these results it is suggested that the most likely intermediate in the conversion of L-gulonolactone to L-ascorbic acid by the rat is 2-keto- or 3-keto-L-gulonolactone. In addition it was found that the major part of the administered 2-keto-L-gulonic acid was excreted unchanged in the urine.
Origins of Terahertz Difference Frequency Susceptibility in Midinfrared Quantum Cascade Lasers

A room-temperature (and thus cryogen-free) source of highly sought terahertz radiation relies on difference-frequency generation inside a dual-wavelength midinfrared quantum cascade laser (QCL). The authors develop a nonperturbative transport model to give fresh insight into this system's physical mechanisms of terahertz generation, including strategies to yield frequencies below 2 THz. Their analysis reveals significant contributions that were previously underappreciated. This approach may also address interesting physics in other QCL-based devices, including terahertz and midinfrared frequency combs.
Agricultural adaptation to highland climate in Iron Age Anatolia

Abstract As polities grow and expand into environments distinct from their homeland, settlers moving to new landscapes may need to adapt familiar agricultural strategies to a new climate. This article explores one such case through the site of Kerkenes, a fortified, mountaintop urban center of Iron Age Central Anatolia evidently founded by Phrygian settlers from further west. New archaeobotanical data from Kerkenes indicate a set of agricultural practices broadly similar to that of other contemporary sites in Anatolia. Farmers at Kerkenes, however, appear to have prioritized bread wheat cultivation over that of barley, in stark contrast to agricultural strategies at Gordion, capital of the Phrygian kingdom. Placing Kerkenes in its environmental and economic landscape suggests that farmers took advantage of favorable rainfall patterns to emphasize a preferred cereal crop, deploying new strategies to minimize local subsistence risk. These results highlight the potential of regional syntheses of agricultural practices within large territorial states to illuminate the environmental footprints and agricultural signatures of individual polities.
Antihypertensive Medication in Patients Pre- and Postdialysis: Still Hazy After All These Years

The past few years have witnessed a series of seemingly paradoxical findings in patients on hemodialysis when attempts are made to normalize their hemoglobin ([1][1],[2][2]), parathyroid hormone concentrations ([3][3]), the amount of vitamin D in their serum ([4][4]), or their cholesterol levels ([5
The Quality of Open-Access Video-Based Orthopaedic Instructional Content for the Shoulder Physical Exam is Inconsistent:

BackgroundThe internet has an increasing role in both patient and physician education. While several recent studies critically appraised the quality and accuracy of web-based written information av...
Marketing Medical Residencies in Family Medicine

This paper examines the application of marketing to medicine in an area where marketing concepts have not previously been applied - to recruiting and retaining residents. A case example is provided to illustrate the application.
US East-West Trade Policy, Focusing on Recent Legal Developments

In the USA the legislative branch of government, i.e. Congress, plays a much greater role in foreign economic — especially East-West trade — policy than in other Western countries. The legislative background is, therefore, critically important for analysing US commercial policies toward the European CMEA1 countries and in interpreting the statistical trends of US participation in East-West trade.
The Biological Interactions

The earliest life forms on Earth were chemoautotrophs, manipulating the chemistry of compounds to obtain energy. Photosynthesis and the ability to use the energy from the Sun evolved about 2 billion years ago. Over the ages living organisms have modified the surface of the planet. Life forms a thin veneer on the surface of the land, with plants consuming nutrients, water, and CO2 for photosynthesis to produce sugars and other compounds that they and animals ultimately use for energy. Two major categories of plants, C3 and C4 use different pathways for photosynthesis. C4 plants are thought to have evolved as an adaptation to the lower levels of atmospheric CO2 that characterize the icehouse climate. They conserve water and do not return as much of it to the atmosphere as C3 plants. Humans use many C4 plants for food and have spread them over many areas formerly covered by C3 plants. Growth of some plants is enhanced by higher levels of CO2 but others are inhibited. Whereas plants are the obvious life forms on land, animals are the large life forms in the sea. Most marine plants are microscopic. There is little free CO2 dissolved in the ocean so many marine algae obtain their CO2 through photosynthesis from the bicarbonate ion. Many of them get rid of excess CO2 by combining it with the calcium ion to make calcium carbonate. Small animals eat the microscopic plants and produce fecal pellets that sink into the deep ocean. As more CO2 enters the ocean, it becomes increasingly acidic, affecting the ability of many organisms to secrete carbonate.
The decline in the Blue Cross Plan admission rate: four explanations.

Between 1968 and 1979, there occurred a steady decrease in the hospital admission rate for Blue Cross Plan members, in contrast to the steady increase in the admission rate for the under-65 U.S. population as a whole. Four general factors were studied to explore the reasons for this relative decrease: utilization control and cost containment activities instituted by Blue Cross Plans, the decline in Plan nongroup membership, duplicate coverage within families, and deficiencies in the family factor technique to estimate overall Plan membership. With some interesting exceptions within one of the factors, all four offer plausible explanations for the decline in the admission rate among Blue Cross Plan members.
Draft Genome Sequence of Streptococcus pyogenes Strain M3KCL

ABSTRACT We present here the draft genome sequence of Streptococcus pyogenes strain M3KCL. The assembly contains 1,864,059 bp in 60 contigs. This strain is an M3 strain close to MGAS315 but produces SpeB. It was isolated from the blood of a human patient with an invasive infection in 2009.
Democracy and carbon dioxide emissions: Assessing the interactions of political and economic freedom and the environmental Kuznets curve

Abstract The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) suggests that while early economic development leads to increased pollution, further economic growth results in reduced environmental degradation. Many studies have sought to learn whether carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions follow such an inverted-U path, with a variety of mixed results. We use economic growth, population growth, urbanization, and energy use variables along with rarely used measures of political and economic freedom to see how they influence carbon emissions and the scope of any potential EKC. We compare a sampling of 22 OECD countries with a selection of 87 non-OECD countries, with the non-OECD countries divided up into the subcategories of free, not free, partially free, and transition. We use an upgraded dataset from the World Bank Development Indicators and the improved econometric technique Arellano-Bover/Blundell-Bond Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator to better evaluate the interactions between these variables and CO2 emissions. We find no evidence of a CO2 EKC for the OECD and non-OECD regions, and mixed results for the impact of political and economic freedom, depending on region. CO2 emissions instead tend to increase monotonically with a rising income, suggesting governments and industry need to do more to curb those emissions as development grows.
Deviation from the trans-Effect in Ligand-Exchange Reactions of Zeise's Ions PtCl3(C2H4)- with Heavier Halides (Br-, I-).

Four new Zeise’s family ions with mixed-halide ligands, i.e., PtClnX3–n(C2H4)− (X = Br, I; n = 1, 2), were synthesized via ligand-exchange reactions of KX salts with KPtCl3(C2H4) in aqueous solutions, and were detected in vacuum via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Their photoelectron spectra reveal a series of well-resolved spectral peaks with their electron binding energies (EBEs) decreasing with increasing halide size, with I having a much stronger effect than Br, i.e., 4.57 (−Cl3) > 4.56 (−Cl2Br) > 4.53 (−ClBr2) > 4.34 (−Cl2I) > 4.30 eV (−ClI2). Ab initio electronic structure calculations including spin–orbit coupling (SOC) predict that the cis- and trans-isomers are nearly isoenergetic with the cis-isomer for −Cl2X and the trans-isomer for −ClX2 slightly favored, respectively. Excited-state spectra calculated with time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), and their comparison with the observed ones, suggest that for each species both the cis- and trans-configurations coexist in the ...
Inferring and Obeying Norms in Temporal Logic

Robots and other artificial agents are increasingly being considered in domains involving complex decision-making and interaction with humans. These agents must adhere to human moral social norms: agents that fail to do so will be at best unpopular, and at worst dangerous. Artificial agents should have the ability to learn (both from natural language instruction and from observing other agents? behavior) and obey multiple, potentially conflicting norms