cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2012: The generation of a NSCLC EMT reporter cell line for metastatic lung cancer drug discovery and development

Cancer metastasis continues to be the leading cause of mortality in cancer patients around the world. One of the prominent biological processes implicated in cancer metastasis is epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT has also been shown to have roles in many aspects of cancer initiation and progression, including tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Despite the accumulation of a large body of data on the association of EMT with cancer, to date, EMT has not been an active target for therapeutic development partly due to the lack of appropriate in vitro models. Utilizing some of the basic biology of EMT, we have created a novel advanced in vitro model for use in both basic research and discovery of new anti-EMT drugs. In lung cancer, vimentin (VIM) intermediate filament (IF) proteins are associated with EMT, and the metastatic spread of cancer. Vimentin expression is generally upregulated when epithelial cells transition to the mesenchymal phenotype. We capitalized on this biological phenomenon, using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to generate a VIM RFP (red fluorescent protein) reporter cell line in the A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line; one of the most widely used and recognized lung cancer cell lines. The A549 VIM RFP cell line harbors a C-terminal red fluorescent protein (RFP) tag on the vimentin gene which enables end-point or real-time tracking of the EMT status as cells transition from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype under defined conditions. The EMT reporter cell line was verified at the nucleic acid (genomic and mRNA) and protein levels as well as in cell-based assays. Bio-functional evaluation of the A549 VIM RFP cell line shows sensitivity to metastatic NSCLC drugs PP1 (SRC inhibitor) and A83-01 (ALK5 inhibitor). These results provide the foundation for the use of this cell line in high throughput screening (HTS) applications including the identification of new anti-EMT drugs for metastatic NSCLC. Furthermore, the A549 Vim RFP reporter cell line is also a convenient and sensitive model for basic science research on the mechanisms of metastasis. Citation Format: Metewo S. Enuameh, Sangeeta Kumari, Chauzhong Zou, John Foulke, Elizabeth Turner, Weiguo Shu, Robert Newman. The generation of a NSCLC EMT reporter cell line for metastatic lung cancer drug discovery and development [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2012.
Effect of temperature on infection, development and reproduction of the parasitic nematode Thripinema nicklewoodi in Frankliniella occidentalis

The parasitic nematodeThripinema nicklewoodi Siddiqi (Tylenchida:Allantonematidae) is currently underinvestigation for use in inoculative releasestrategies against western flower thrips (WFT),Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande(Thysanoptera: Thripidae) infesting greenhousefloricultural crops. The aim was to determinewhether temperatures within greenhouses wouldpermit the establishment of T.nicklewoodi. The abilities of T.nicklewoodi to infect, develop and reproducein WFT were assessed under a range of constantand fluctuating temperatures in the laboratory.At constant temperatures, T. nicklewoodiinfected WFT over the range of 1–30 °C,although the temperature-related infectionprofile followed an asymmetric distributionaround an optimum ∼20 °C (∼80%infection). The lower and upper thresholds forT. nicklewoodi in vivo development andreproduction were higher than for infection, at10 °C and 35 °C, respectively.Climate data recorded over 1999–2000 in acommercial greenhouse (Texas) revealed atemperature range of ∼15 °C to∼31 °C from early March through mid June,when WFT were most abundant. While low(nighttime) greenhouse temperatures areconducive for T. nicklewoodi, upperdaytime temperatures are close to the upperthreshold for infection and may reducereproductive output. However, fluctuatingtemperature bioassays in the laboratorydemonstrated that T. nicklewoodimaintained separately at the upper thresholdtemperatures for infection (30 °C) anddevelopment (35 °C) readily infected anddeveloped in WFT when they were allowedintermittent (10 h daily) exposure to apermissive temperature in the range10–20 °C. Drawing on the results, thediurnal temperature-fluctuations of variousgreenhouses growing ornamentals would permitthe establishment of T. nicklewoodi.
Modeling the Transport Infrastructure-Growth Nexus in the United States

The rising government funding in transport infrastructure has sparked political and academic debates on the economic impacts of transport infrastructure investment in the United States. Although numerous empirical studies have examined the transport infrastructure-growth nexus, existing literature has mixed conclusions of the economic effects of expanding transport infrastructure. The main objective of this paper is to assess the short- and long-run impacts of transport and non-transport public infrastructure on economic growth to provide an implication of the effectiveness of these fiscal policy tools in the short- and long-term. For this purpose, we employ a modern autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to explore the dynamic relationships among transport infrastructure, non-transport public infrastructure, private capital, labor hours, GDP, and exports. In the long run, we find that a bidirectional relationship exists between transport infrastructure and GDP, suggesting that expanding transport infrastructure improves aggregated economic output, and enhanced economic output increases public investment in transport infrastructure. However, the magnitude of the impact of transport infrastructure on GDP is smaller than that of non-transport public infrastructure, implying that non-transport infrastructure investment is a more effective long-term fiscal stimulus than expanding transport infrastructure.
Where to begin? Sigma factors and the selectivity of transcription initiation in bacteria

Transcription is the fundamental process that enables the expression of genetic information. DNA-directed RNA polymerase (RNAP) uses one strand of the DNA duplex as template to produce complementary RNA molecules that serve in translation (rRNA, tRNA), protein synthesis (mRNA) and regulation (sRNA). Although the RNAP core is catalytically competent for RNA synthesis, the selectivity of transcription initiation requires a sigma (σ) factor for promoter recognition and opening. Expression of alternative σ factors provides a powerful mechanism to control the expression of discrete sets of genes (a σ regulon) in response to specific nutritional, developmental or stress-related signals. Here, I review the key insights that led to the original discovery of σ factor 50 years ago and the subsequent discovery of alternative σ factors as a ubiquitous mechanism of bacterial gene regulation. These studies form a prelude to the more recent, genomics-enabled insights into the vast diversity of σ factors in bacteria.
The Right to Name Hate: Utilizing Hate Group Designations to Reframe Political Challenges to LGBT Rights

In November 201'8 the nonprofit civil rights organization Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) updated its list of hate groups to include thirteen organizations, including well known organizations such as the Family Research Council and the American Family Association. While the new hate list created a media sensation and resulted in several members of the incoming Republican House of Representatives to protest the hate group designation, eight of the thirteen groups had already been listed by the SPLC as hate groups on previous SPLC lists. This paper analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the SPLC’s continuing hate group designation strategy as a way to reframe political challenges to the rights of sexual minorities. First, this paper examines the SPLC’s specific claims about its methodology for designating groups as hate groups. SPLC representatives have noted that hate group designation is not limited only to groups that engage in criminal acts or violence, but also includes groups that spread disinformation and falsehoods about others, such as LGBT people. Another factor influencing designation as a hate group by the SPLC could include advocating criminalizing the exercise of human and civil rights by others, even if this advocacy did not break existing law or include vigilante behavior. Finally, SPLC representatives have noted that their designation of a hate group does not necessarily assume that all members of the designated hate group have a full, rational understanding of what the group does in daily practice; they emphasize that designating a Christian or Christian-influenced group as a hate group refers only to the rhetoric of the group itself and in no way constitutes a comment on Christian churches or theology. Second, this paper examines the claims of opponents of the SPLC hate group designation, including not only members and spokespersons of the designated groups but also objections from progressive writers and public intellectuals. The former have largely advanced claims that the SPLC’s expansion of hate group designation in itself constitutes an assault on free speech and an attempt to censor longstanding religious, philosophical, and ideological arguments that the SPLC has been unable to win on the merits. Some progressive writers have echoed these free speech concerns, but have also noted that the SPLC’s strategy of hate group designation could backfire, raising the prestige and profile of these groups and making them less fringe groups and more targets of advanced political support, as seen in the Republican response to SPLC’s November 2010 statement. This paper concludes by discussing how politically mobilized groups such as the SPLC can expand arenas of LGBT rights contestation through hate group designation, while also noting the potential trade-offs and unanticipated consequences that are likely under such a strategy. Implications for research, policy, teaching and practice are discussed as well.
Do Leucopenia Rates Change After Widespread Folic Acid Fortification in Randomized Controlled Trials of Breast Cancer Chemotherapy

Abstract Abstract 4741 Introduction Folate is an essential nutrient functioning in a variety of one-carbon transfer reactions, is necessary for red blood cell formation and growth, and deficiency is known to cause megaloblastic anemia. The role of folate in prevention of neural tube defects has been the driving force in public health measures leading to large-scale food fortification in the United States starting in 1996. It is not known if folate fortification has an impact on hematologic toxicities of patients undergoing chemotherapy. The goal of this study is to compare rates of leucopenia reported in pre and post folic acid fortification randomized clinical trials of Adriamycin and Cyclophosphamide (AC) chemotherapy in breast cancer. Methods Randomized trials of breast cancer chemotherapy with AC conducted in the United States were searched for in the Medline database, bibliographies, and using Google Scholar. Studies were included if AC was used alone in any arm of study, at standard dosing. Only studies that included disease free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and rates of grade III/IV leucopenia for the AC group were included. Studies were eliminated if they included patients with known metastatic disease, “dose dense” or nonstandard AC regimens, or included growth factor support. Rates of phase III/IV leucopenia were grouped in pre and post 1996 folate fortification groups, and meta-analyzed in a random effects model using MIX, a comprehensive free software for meta-analysis of causal research data. Results Seven studies involving 14,386 patients were identified using the defined search methodology. There was no significant difference in phase III/IV leucopenia rates between prefolate (4.36% 95%CI 2.31-6.42%) and postfolate studies (7.07% 95%CI 5.41-8.73%). Conclusions This review disclosed no statistically significant difference in the rates of leucopenia in patients given AC for breast cancer before or after 1996. Postfolate studies did have 46% more leucopenia than those prior to folate fortification. The confidence intervals of the leucopenia rates overlapped but approached significance. This is contradictory to our theory that increased dietary folate might mitigate hematologic toxicities of chemotherapy. Further studies using individual patient data from institutions administering AC pre and post fortification would further elucidate the role of dietary folate in hematologic toxicities. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Meta-analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans single-cell developmental data reveals multi-frequency oscillation in gene activation.

Motivation The advent of in vivo automated techniques for single-cell lineaging, sequencing and analysis of gene expression has begun to dramatically increase our understanding of organismal development. We applied novel meta-analysis and visualization techniques to the EPIC single-cell-resolution developmental gene expression dataset for Caenorhabditis elegans from Bao, Murray, Waterston et al. to gain insights into regulatory mechanisms governing the timing of development. Results Our meta-analysis of the EPIC dataset revealed that a simple linear combination of the expression levels of the developmental genes is strongly correlated with the developmental age of the organism, irrespective of the cell division rate of different cell lineages. We uncovered a pattern of collective sinusoidal oscillation in gene activation, in multiple dominant frequencies and in multiple orthogonal axes of gene expression, pointing to the existence of a coordinated, multi-frequency global timing mechanism. We developed a novel method based on Fisher's Discriminant Analysis to identify gene expression weightings that maximally separate traits of interest, and found that remarkably, simple linear gene expression weightings are capable of producing sinusoidal oscillations of any frequency and phase, adding to the growing body of evidence that oscillatory mechanisms likely play an important role in the timing of development. We cross-linked EPIC with gene ontology and anatomy ontology terms, employing Fisher's Discriminant Analysis methods to identify previously unknown positive and negative genetic contributions to developmental processes and cell phenotypes. This meta-analysis demonstrates new evidence for direct linear and/or sinusoidal mechanisms regulating the timing of development. We uncovered a number of previously unknown positive and negative correlations between developmental genes and developmental processes or cell phenotypes. Our results highlight both the continued relevance of the EPIC technique, and the value of meta-analysis of previously published results. The presented analysis and visualization techniques are broadly applicable across developmental and systems biology. Availability and implementation Analysis software available upon request. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
DNMT3A mutations in acute myeloid leukemia

New studies reveal that 20% of individuals with acute myeloid leukemia harbor somatic mutations in DNMT3A (encoding DNA methyltransferase 3A). Although these leukemias have some gene expression and DNA methylation changes, a direct link between mutant DNMT3A, epigenetic changes and pathogenesis remains to be established.
Access to Print for Students with Low Vision.

Children with low vision who use print as their primary reading mode may receive large type, regular type with optical devices, or a combination of these modes to access print. This article reports...
Engagement in Meaningful Activities Among Older Adults With Disability, Dementia, and Depression.

This cross-sectional study examines the association between disability, dementia, and depression and engagement in meaningful activities in community-dwelling older adults.
A scalable private Bitcoin payment channel network with privacy guarantees

Abstract While Bitcoin heavily dominates the cryptocurrency markets, its use in micropayments is still a challenge due to long transaction confirmation times and high fees. Recently, the concept of off-chain transactions is introduced that led to the idea of establishing a payment channel network called Lightning Network (LN), which utilizes multi-hop payments. Off-chain links provide the ability to make instant payments without a need to writing to Blockchain. However, LN's design still favors fees, and it is creating hub nodes or relays that defeat the purpose of Blockchain. In addition, it is still not reliable, as not all transactions are guaranteed to be delivered to their destinations. These issues hinder its wide adoption by retailers. To address this issue, in this paper, we argue that the retailers could create a private payment channel network among them to serve their business needs, just like the concept of private Blockchains. The goal is to build a pure peer-to-peer topology that will prevent the formation of hub nodes while also eliminating the need for any relays to increase the robustness of the payments. Assuming off-chain links as edges and retailers as nodes, we formulate the problem as a multi-flow commodity problem where transactions represent the commodities from various sources to destinations. As the multi-flow commodity problem is NP-Complete, we propose a heuristic approach that utilizes Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm for payments in a dynamic way by updating the edge weights when new paths need to be found. The order of transactions is randomized to provide fairness among the retailers. We further extend this approach to guarantee the privacy of payments by forcing all the payments to travel at least three hops. We utilized k-shortest path algorithm to choose from k options that will meet our criterion. The evaluations indicate that the proposed heuristic comes close to an optimal solution while providing scalability and guaranteeing user privacy.
Total reconstitution of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme reveals dual accessory protein clamps.

DNA polymerase III holoenzyme (holoenzyme) is the 10-subunit replicase of the Escherichia coli chromosome. In this report, pure preparations of delta, delta', and a gamma chi psi complex are resolved from the five protein gamma complex subassembly. Using these subunits and other holoenzyme subunits isolated from overproducing plasmid strains of E. coli, the rapid and highly processive holoenzyme has been reconstituted from only five pure single subunits: alpha, epsilon, gamma, delta, and beta. The preceding report showed that of the three subunits in the core polymerase, only a complex of alpha (DNA polymerase) and epsilon (3'-5' exonuclease) are required to assemble a processive holoenzyme on a template containing a preinitiation complex (Studwell, P.S., and O'Donnell, M. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 1171-1178). This report shows that of the five proteins in the gamma complex only a heterodimer of gamma and delta is required with the beta subunit to form the ATP-activated preinitiation complex with a primed template. Surprisingly, the delta' subunit does not form an active complex with gamma but forms a fully active heterodimer complex with the tau subunit (as does delta). Hence, the tau delta' and gamma delta heterodimers are fully active in the preinitiation complex reaction with beta and primed DNA. Holoenzymes reconstituted using the alpha epsilon complex, beta subunit, and either gamma delta or tau delta' are fully processive in DNA synthesis, and upon completing the template they rapidly cycle to a new primed template endowed with a preinitiation complex clamp. Since the holoenzyme molecule contains all of these accessory subunits (gamma, delta, tau, delta', and beta) in all likelihood it has the capacity to form two preinitiation complex clamps simultaneously at two primer termini. Two primer binding components within one holoenzyme may mediate its rapid cycling to multiple primers on the lagging strand and also provides functional evidence for the hypothesis of holoenzyme as a dimeric polymerase capable of simultaneous replication of both leading and lagging strands of a replication fork.
Junctionless Silicon and In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As Transistors—Part II: Device Variability From Random Dopant Fluctuation

Random dopant fluctuation (RDF) variability in nanoscale junctionless FETs (JLFETs) utilizing either Si or In0.53Ga0.47As channels has been studied using technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulations. The 15nm node Si and InGaAs JLFETs are equivalently designed and calibrated using nonequilibrium Green’s function simulations for statistical TCAD analysis. We find that n-InGaAs JLFETs exhibit reduced RDF variability compared with n-Si JLFETs in terms of threshold voltage, subthreshold swing, and drain-induced barrier lowering as a result of high degeneracy effects. By contrast, the variability of p-InGaAs JLFETs is comparable with that of n- and p-Si JLFETs because of the larger valence band density of states (DOS). The normalized variations in ON-state drive current are roughly equal ( $\sim 16$ %) for all device types, because the major effects of degenerate screening on current transport effectively cancel one another. From these results, we find that high carrier degeneracy in small DOS materials can have a significant effect on the electrostatic integrity of JLFETs in the presence of RDF (especially in subthreshold), and that degenerately doped n-InGaAs devices are slightly (and inherently) more immune to RDF compared with Si JLFETs.
Engineering a Programming Language: The Type and Class System of Sather

Sather 1.0 is a programming language whose design has resulted from the interplay of many criteria. It attempts to support a powerful object-oriented paradigm without sacrificing either the computational performance of traditional procedural languages or support for safety and correctness checking. Much of the engineering effort went into the design of the class and type system. This paper describes some of these design decisions and relates them to approaches taken in other languages. We particularly focus on issues surrounding inheritance and subtyping and the decision to explicitly separate them in Sather.
Exposing digital forgeries through specular highlights on the eye

When creating a digital composite of two people, it is difficult to exactly match the lighting conditions under which each individual was originally photographed. In many situations, the light source in a scene gives rise to a specular highlight on the eyes. We show how the direction to a light source can be estimated from this highlight. Inconsistencies in lighting across an image are then used to reveal traces of digital tampering.
Stable isotope evidence for alternative bacterial carbon sources in the Gulf of Mexico

In temperate coastal waters, it is generally assumed that carbon cycling is primarily supported by phytoplankton production, having δ13C values ranging from −22 to −18‰. In a transect leading out from the Mississippi River, riverine and seawater δ13C endmembers of particulate organic matter have previously been measured at −25.5 and −20.0‰, respectively. In addition, δ13C values of dissolved organic carbon in the northern Gulf of Mexico range from −24.7 to −19.6‰, with the more 13C-depleted values from fresher waters. Assumptions about coastal transport of dissolved organic matter predict that the bacterial δ13C values should fall along the conservative salinity mixing line between terrestrial and marine carbon sources. However, in the field survey presented here, δ13C values of bacteria in coastal regions of the Gulf of Mexico adjacent to the Mississippi River are considerably 13C-depleted, with values as low as −33‰. These isotope values suggest that carbon from sources other than phytoplankton production or terrestrial organic matter are supporting the production of the bacterial assemblage. Possibilities include the incorporation of carbon derived from light hydrocarbons from seep areas and the chemoautotrophic processes of methane oxidation and nitrification. These 13C-depleted stable isotope data are evidence that bacterially assimilated carbon in the northern Gulf of Mexico may be seasonally uncoupled to surface phytoplankton production.
An optimal fault-tolerant broadcasting algorithm for a cube-connected cycles multiprocessor

The author develops a novel broadcasting algorithm in cube-connected-cycles (CCC) multiprocessors using a binomial tree. The initiating processor takes (h-1/2)+s (1+(h-1/2)) steps to broadcast the message to all other processors. The proposed broadcasting algorithm is a procedure by which a processor can pass a message to all other processors in the network nonredundantly: it is extremely important for diagnosis of the network, distribution agreement, or clock synchronization. The author also describes an optimal fault-tolerant broadcasting algorithm in the CCC which tolerates s-1 processors or s-1 ring failures. The algorithm takes 1+2* ((h-1/2))+s(1+(h-1/2)) steps to broadcast the message to all other processors in optimal fault-tolerant broadcasting. >
THE RELATION OF DECISION TIME TO BRAIN WAVE FREQUENCY AND TO AGE.

Abstract An experiment was performed to determine whether the time taken to decide between two alternatives is related to period of the EEG. In addition, the relation of decision time to subject's age was investigated, and the role of EEG period in this relationship was determined. Simple reaction time and disjunctive reaction time, in which the subject was required to respond to only one of two alternative stimuli, were determined for 54 subjects ranging in age from 34–92 years. EEGs were recorded, and for both tasks the average period of the EEG was determined from the tracings obtained in the interval of time between stimulus and response. Strong evidence was obtained for the proposition that subjects with slow brain waves require more time to decide between two alternatives than subjects with fast brain waves. This finding was discussed with reference to information theory, and it was concluded that the information capacity of the central nervous system is a function of EEG period. A low but statistically significant positive correlation was found between decision time and age. This correlation completely vanished when brain wave period was partialled out, suggesting that EEG frequency is the factor behind the age-associated drop in information capacity of the central nervous system.
Estimation of Loss of Life of Power Transformers Supplying Nonlinear Loads

This paper deals with the impact of nonsinusoidal currents and voltages on the losses of power transformers. Conventional methods for the determination of the hottest spot temperature are used to predict the loss of life of transformers supplying loads which inject nonsinusoidal currents. Derating curves are explained and a practical example is presented.
Ecological contingencies in women's calorie regulation psychology: A life history approach ☆

Abstract We used insights from life history theory and the critical fat hypothesis to explore how environmental harshness influences women's food and weight regulation psychology. As predicted by our theoretical model, women who grew up in poorer, more unpredictable environments responded to harshness cues in their adult environments by exhibiting a greater desire for food (Studies 1 and 2) and a diminished concern with calorie restriction and weight loss (Study 3). In sharp contrast, women who grew up in more predictable, wealthier environments responded to these cues by exhibiting a diminished desire for food and increased concern with calorie restriction and weight loss. This research provides novel insights into the role that local environmental factors play in women's food and weight regulation psychology.
CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN LIBRARIES: CASE STUDIES. Edited by Bradford Lee Eden. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2008, 218 pp., $60.00, ISBN-10: 0-8108-5692-1, ISBN-13: 978-0-8108-5692-9.

Content Management Systems in Libraries is a collection of 14 case studies of various academic libraries' migrations to content management systems (CMSs). These articles first appeared as a special...
Some Notes on the Radon Transform and Integral Geometry.

This is an expanded version of a lecture given in Vienna on January 17, 1990 in which the significance of a famous paper by Radon, and the developments originating from it, were discussed.
Evidence for the coupling of bone formation to bone resorption in vitro

An in vitro organ culture system of embryonic chick tibiae was used to examine bone formation and bone resorption under conditions of stimulation with 10−12 M parathyroid extract. The bones were cultured in a serum-free medium to alleviate any potential interference by serum growth factors. Evidence is presented showing that this bone culture system responds to parathyroid extract with an increase in both bone resorption and bone formation. Although initially there was a decrease in formation, this was followed after 12–16 h by an increase in formation which was correlated with resorption (r = .96, p < .05). These results suggest that the increase in formation was some consequence of the increase in resorption, and as such are consistent with the interpretation that coupling can occur in vitro.
Recent developments in aircraft emergency power

Aircraft have become increasingly dependent on uninterrupted electric and hydraulic power for flight control. Aircraft have also become increasingly dependent on shaft power to assist with engine starting in the event of a flameout. The use of turbofan engines, fly-by-wire flight control systems, and less stable aircraft configurations has increased the need for emergency power systems. Several configurations of aircraft emergency power systems are currently in use. These include ram air turbines, bleed air driven power units and propellant power systems. The propellant power systems include stand-alone emergency power systems, emergency engine start systems, and integrated auxiliary and emergency power systems. Two fuels are currently used in emergency power systems: H-70 monopropellant and jet fuel and air bipropellant. H-70 systems are small and lightweight and have been used for many years. However, H-70 is toxic and requires special handling. Jet fuel and air are less toxic and easier to handle. Jet fuel and air bipropellant systems have been used in several emergency power applications. Four aircraft emergency power systems are described: the F-16 emergency power unit; the U-2 emergency start system; The F-2 emergency power system; and the F-22, integrated auxiliary and emergency power system.
CURRENT STATUS OF LEARNING DISABILITY SPECIALISTS

Since the formal inception of the field of learning disabilities in the early 1960's, persons dedicated to the education of learning disabled youngsters have been working toward a time when they would emerge as a viable, competent, and cohesive group of professionals. That time has come. Through the embryonic stages of the field, persons in various other areas of special education, e.g., mental retardation, physical handicaps, and deaf education, became interested in a group of children who experienced many of the academic, social, and vocational problems characteristic of the other handicapping conditions but did not meet the necessary criteria of those conditions. Parents concerned with this same population of children began to seek assistance from this relatively small core of special educators and together they organized the Association for Children with Learning Disabilities (ACLD), a parent organization. The number of educators concerned with the learning disabled population rapidly increased and the struggle to structure and guide a new profession began. Now, in 1979, the number of professionals dedicated to learning disabilities has grown to be one of the largest within the area of special education. The tremendous growth and energies of these profes
Robust Notion Vision For A Vehicle Moving On A Plane

A vehicle equipped with a cemputer vision system moves on a plane. We show that subject to certain constraints, the system can determine the motion of the vehicle (one rotational and two translational degrees of freedom) and the depth of the scene in front of the vehicle. The constraints include limits on the speed of the vehicle, presence of texture on the plane and absence of pitch and roll in the vehicular motion. It is possible to decouple the problems of finding the vehicle's motion and the depth of the scene in front of the vehicle by using two rigidly connected cameras. One views a field with known depth (i.e. the ground plane) and estimates the motion parameters and the other determines the depth map knowing the motion parameters. The motion is constrained to be planar to increase robustness. We use a least squares method of fitting the vehicle motion to observer brightness gradients. With this method, no correspondence between image points needs to be established and information fran the entire image is used in calculating notion. The algorithm performs very reliably on real image sequences and these results have been included. The results compare favourably to the performance of the algorithm of Negandaripour and Horn [2] where six degrees of freedom are assumed.
Spatial Regression Modeling for Compositional Data With Many Zeros

Compositional data analysis considers vectors of nonnegative-valued variables subject to a unit-sum constraint. Our interest lies in spatial compositional data, in particular, land use/land cover (LULC) data in the northeastern United States. Here, the observations are vectors providing the proportions of LULC types observed in each 3 km×3 km grid cell, yielding order 104 cells. On the same grid cells, we have an additional compositional dataset supplying forest fragmentation proportions. Potentially useful and available covariates include elevation range, road length, population, median household income, and housing levels. We propose a spatial regression model that is also able to capture flexible dependence among the components of the observation vectors at each location as well as spatial dependence across the locations of the simplex-restricted measurements. A key issue is the high incidence of observed zero proportions for the LULC dataset, requiring incorporation of local point masses at 0. We build a hierarchical model prescribing a power scaling first stage and using latent variables at the second stage with spatial structure for these variables supplied through a multivariate CAR specification. Analyses for the LULC and forest fragmentation data illustrate the interpretation of the regression coefficients and the benefit of incorporating spatial smoothing.
Thermal stability of silicide on polycrystalline Si

Abstract The thermal stability of silicide on polycrystalline Si (poly-Si) has been investigated. At elevated temperatures, the silicide/poly-Si layered structure becomes morphologically unstable, because of the grain growth of poly-Si. The driving force for the high temperature instability is the reduction of the grain boundary energy and surface energy of the poly-Si. In situ stress measurement shows that the grain growth is accompanied by a decrease in the compressive stress of as-deposited poly-Si. A change in crystallographic texture from (110) to (111) is also observed during the grain growth, indicating a process similar to that of secondary grain growth. A study of the grain growth kinetics shows that the grain growth of poly-Si is enhanced by fast diffusion in the silicide, but is not rate limited by the diffusion of the dominant diffusion species in the silicide. A strong correlation is found between the onset temperature for plastic deformation in the silicide and that of the grain growth in poly-Si.
Semi-Autonomous Teleoperation of Multiple Wheeled Mobile Robots Over the Internet

We propose a semi-autonomous teleoperation control framework for wheeled mobile robots with nonholonomic constraints and second-order Lagrangian dynamics over the Internet. The proposed control architecture consists of the two control-loops: 1) local autonomous formation control, which, residing in the common workspace of the robots, ensures rigid formation-keeping among the robots regardless of human-command, varying-delay/packet-loss of the Internet, and external disturbance without any holding-fixture (e.g. fixture-less cooperative grasping); and 2) teleoperation-loop, which enables a (remote or coexisting) human operator to stably tele-drive the overall team maneuver (e.g. grasped object’s centroid motion) over the Internet with haptic-feedback. Simulation is performed to validate/highlight properties of the proposed control framework.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Lyme arthritis of the pediatric lower extremity in the setting of polyarticular disease

Abstract Background Lyme arthritis can be readily treated with use of oral antibiotics without any need for surgery. In Lyme-endemic areas, differentiating between Lyme arthritis and septic arthritis can be difficult. Laboratory testing for Lyme disease often results in a delay in diagnosis because many labs batch-test Lyme specimens only two times per week due to lack of equipment or increased expense. Delayed diagnosis can lead to unneeded surgery in cases in which the surgeon indicates the patient for a joint irrigation and debridement (I & D) for possible septic arthritis while waiting for Lyme serology results. The purpose of this study was to develop an algorithm for the treatment of patients with possible Lyme arthritis, with particular attention to poly-articular involvement. Methods Thirty-nine patients with poly-articular Lyme arthritis, including ankle involvement, were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were included if the ankle was involved, if they were less than 18 years of age, and had av...
Status Control: An Admonition Concerning the Publicized Privacy of Social Networking

Building on—and updating—Raymond Williams' (1974) influential analysis of mobile privatization, the authors investigate the ways in which public and private are reconfigured as a result of the widespread use of new mobile technologies and social networking. Although the new-media landscape has been interpreted by many as symptomatic of a control society, the authors focus on the ways in which disciplinary logics continue to operate. Drawing on a number of contemporary cases, the authors focus especially on the ways new media technologies and practices—such as social networking—promote techniques of surveillance and discipline, in part by encouraging participants to confuse their public statements with private expressions.
Robust disturbance observer design for a power-assist electric bicycle

Electric bicycles (EBs) have greatly extended the scope of application for traditional bicycles by providing assistive power with a motor. Commercially available EBs set the assistive torque proportional to the torque provided by the rider. This simple approach is lack of flexibility and does not fully utilize the assistive capability. For example, under uphill riding condition, the proportional assistance might be insufficient if the slope is steep and/or the rider has a large body weight. A robust disturbance observer based power-assist scheme is proposed for uphill riding in this paper. The robust design guarantees the robust stability of the overall system under plant uncertainties. The disturbance observer provides flexible assistive power through estimating and compensating for the changing environmental disturbances, such as gravitational force and frictional force. The proposed approach is shown to be effective through experimental results.
Directed interactivity of large-scale brain networks: Introducing a new method for estimating resting-state effective connectivity MRI

Resting-state functional MRI (rs fMRI) is widely used to non-invasively study human brain networks. Network functional connectivity is estimated by calculating the standard correlation between blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signals in specific regions of interests (ROIs). However, standard correlation fails to characterize the causality and the direction of information flow between regions, which are important factors in characterizing a network. Here, we use causal linear time-invariant models, with the impulse response duration estimated by Information Criteria, to describe the effective connectivity between ROIs. To do so, we replace the standard correlation between BOLD signals with a correlation between a BOLD signal and a prediction via the model of that BOLD signal. Prediction correlation is then used in a network analysis similar to that used with standard correlation. Our results include the causality information, the direction of information flow, and the possibility of delays in information flow. This approach replicates the local and distributed network architecture of the human brain previously observed with standard correlations, as well as providing novel insight into the directed interactivity of regions comprising these networks.
Haeckel's scientific monism as theory of history

Recent research at the Haeckel Haus at the University of Jena goes far to confirm Haeckel’s role as an ideological progenitor of fascist ideology. This is true not only for Germany, but also for the birth of fascist thought in Italy and France. Haeckel’s Monism is the main inspiration for the origin of French and Italian fascism as well as other vital manifestations of modernist culture. In general, the history of science reveals more fully than any other theoretical approach, the roots of fascism as well as avant-garde modernism.
Superconductivity in electron liquids with and without intermediaries

Solutions to the Eliashberg equation are reported for the one- and two-band electron liquids, with and without phonons, using effective interactions closely constrained by sum rules. For the two-band case, {ital s}-wave pairing can arise in the absence of phonons, but not for a single band at typical metallic densities. When phonons and electrons are treated on a completely equal footing, the transition temperatures in several higher-density simple metals are found to be correct to within 20{percent}. For lower-density metals, however, large deviations are found from predictions that make use of the standard approximation {mu}{sup {asterisk}}{approx_equal}0.1. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Isolation and analysis of the mouse opsin gene

We have identified three overlapping 5′-truncated mouse opsin cDNA clones by immunologically screening a λgt11 retina expression library. Using one of the cDNA clones as a probe, we isolated a 5 kb genomic fragment that encompassed the complete coding sequence for mouse opsin. The coding region for opsin was interrupted by four introns positioned precisely as those previously described for other mammalian opsins. In contrast to the single major opsin mRNA in the bovine and human retina, Northern analysis of mouse retina RNA demonstrated the presence of at least five distinct species of polyadenylated opsin mRNAs. Their sizes ranged from 1.7 kb to 5.1 kb.
The longitudinal diffusion coefficient in flow through a tube with stagnant pockets

Abstract In Turner's ‘Model I’ flow structure a fluid is assumed to flow through a tube whose wall leads to pockets of varying lengths. It is here shown that the presence of these pockets influences the Taylor diffusion coefficient for flow in the tube and a general method for calculating this is given.
Localized surface plasmon sensing based investigation of nanoscale metal oxidation kinetics

The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of nanoparticles can be a powerful and sensitive probe of chemical changes in nanoscale volumes. Here we have used the LSPR of silver (Ag) to study the oxidation kinetics of nanoscopic volumes of cobalt (Co) metal. Bimetal nanoparticles of the immiscible Co?Ag system prepared by pulsed laser dewetting were aged in ambient air and the resulting changes to the LSPR signal and bandwidth were used to probe the oxidation kinetics. Co was found to preferentially oxidize first. This resulted in a significant enhancement by a factor of 8 or more in the lifetime of stable Ag plasmons over that of pure Ag. Theoretical modeling based on optical mean field approximation was able to predict the oxidation lifetimes and could help design stable Ag-based plasmonic nanoparticles for sensing applications.
Higher parity and shorter breastfeeding duration

BACKGROUND: The combination of increased parity and shorter breastfeeding duration might increase the odds of the least differentiated triple-negative breast cancer (BC) phenotype, theoretically because an expanded progenitor cell population from each pregnancy would incompletely differentiate postpartum. METHODS: Subjects consisted of a consecutive case series of 2473 women treated for invasive breast cancer between 2001 and 2006. Breast cancer phenotype (triple-negative BC, vs non–triple-negative BC) was compared with reproductive and demographic information. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of breastfeeding duration (months per child) and parity with triple-negative BC were calculated after adjusting for ethnicity, age at menarche, family history, and age at diagnosis. RESULTS: Compared with non–triple-negative BC, triple-negative BC was associated with shorter duration of breastfeeding per child (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.90-0.97) and with higher parity (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.06-1.20). By using multivariate logistic regression, triple-negative BC was independently associated with higher parity (OR, 2.76 [95% CI, 1.86-4.08] if ≥3 live births; OR, 1.89 [95% CI, 1.30-2.74] if ≤2 live births vs nulliparae), breastfeeding duration (OR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.41-0.74] if >2 mo/child and OR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.42-0.82] if ≤2 mo/child vs none), African American ethnicity (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.52-2.92), and younger age at diagnosis (OR, 3.02 [95% CI, 2.03-4.47] if ≤40 years vs >60 years). CONCLUSIONS: Among women with invasive breast cancer, higher parity and the absence or short duration of breastfeeding were independently associated with triple-negative BC. Any duration of breastfeeding was found to be associated with lower probability of triple-negative BC, and the odds of this phenotype decreased with increasing duration of breastfeeding. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
MASTER: A Multicore Cache Energy-Saving Technique Using Dynamic Cache Reconfiguration

With increasing number of on-chip cores and CMOS scaling, the size of last-level caches (LLCs) is on the rise and hence, managing their leakage energy consumption has become vital for continuing to scale performance. In multicore systems, the locality of memory access stream is significantly reduced because of multiplexing of access streams from different running programs and hence, leakage energy-saving techniques such as decay cache, which rely on memory access locality, do not save a large amount of energy. The techniques based on way level allocation provide very coarse granularity and the techniques based on offline profiling become infeasible to use for large number of cores. We present a multicore cache energy saving technique using dynamic cache reconfiguration (MASTER) that uses online profiling to predict energy consumption of running programs at multiple LLC sizes. Using these estimates, suitable cache quotas are allocated to different programs using cache coloring scheme and the unused LLC space is turned off to save energy. Even for four core systems, the implementation overhead of MASTER is only 0.8% of L2 size. We evaluate MASTER using out-of-order simulations with multiprogrammed workloads from SPEC2006 and compare it with conventional cache leakage energy-saving techniques. The results show that MASTER gives the highest saving in energy and does not harm performance or cause unfairness. For twoand four-core simulations, the average savings in memory subsystem (which includes LLC and main memory) energy over shared baseline LLC are 15% and 11%, respectively. Also, the average values of weighted speedup and fair speedup are close to one (≥0.98).