cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An improved crystal form of Plasmodium falciparum peptide deformylase.

An altered version of peptide deformylase from Plasmodium falciparum (PfPDF), the organism that causes the most devastating form of malaria, has been cocrystallized with a synthesized inhibitor that has submicromolar affinity for its target protein. The structure is solved at 2.2 A resolution, an improvement over the 2.8 A resolution achieved during the structural determination of unliganded PfPDF. This represents the successful outcome of modifying the protein construct in order to overcome adverse crystal contacts and other problems encountered in the study of unliganded PfPDF. Two molecules of PfPDF are found in the asymmetric unit of the current structure. The active site of each monomer of PfPDF is occupied by a proteolyzed fragment of the tripeptide-like inhibitor. Unexpectedly, each PfPDF subunit is associated with two nearly complete molecules of the inhibitor, found at a protein–protein interface. This is the first structure of a eukaryotic PDF protein, a potential drug target, in complex with a ligand.
A token economy system for changing controlling behavior in the chronic pain patient

Abstract A token economy was applied to modify the activity level of 22 selected patients with chronic pain syndromes. The patients were assigned either to a treatment group in which tokens were given for changes in activity level, or to a control group on an activity management schedule. The treatment group employed an A-B-A crossover design. Results showed a significant but temporary difference in the treatment and control groups' activity levels when compared during the treatment group's manipulation period. The difference in pain levels between the two groups was not significant. The results supported the inference that certain pain responses may be learned and therefore modified, and that conditioned reinforcers (tokens) may further modify these responses without influencing pain levels.
Situated Learning in Environmental Education: Using Geospatial Technologies with Preservice Secondary Teachers

Current national reform recommendations in the United States have largely neglected nature study and place-based learning as an explicit component of scientific content and literacy. The role of nature study needs to be expanded in both science instruction and science teacher preparation. One way to do this is to use a curriculum grounded in nature study and ideally contextualized in the local environment to address a number of current reform movements in science education. This chapter describes how situated learning using Geospatial Information Technologies (GIT) in preservice teacher education courses can be used to study the environment. GIT has become more prevalent in our everyday lives and is commonly used in natural resources management. Web-based applications such as Google Earth allow easy-to-use access to all types of environmental data. Nature study and GIT were used in preservice science teacher courses on campus and through field experience courses offered at Ossabaw Island in Georgia, Grandfather Mountain in North Carolina, and in Brazil. It was found that through collaborative learning communities, students became immersed in the natural world and were able to investigate their own questions. GIT helped students to visually see and analyze relationships in the environment. Through discourse, collaboration, and shared experiences, the teachers were able to apply what they had learned to their own science classrooms.
Gareth Morgan: Interview

Gareth Morgan is one of the most creative and innovative thinkers within organizational analysis today. Over the last decade his work has served to fundamentally alter the face of organizational thinking. In this interview we explore some of his major contributions to the field, including his location of organizational analysis within sociological paradigms,his development of a unique, radical humanist approach, and his recent exploration of the value of metaphor in understanding organization.
Visualizing structure : Reading surfaces of social life

This paper reports on the use of aerial photographs to study the social structure of a dairy farm neighborhood in St. Lawrence County, New York. The paper compares information from aerial photographs of farmsteads and farm work to data gathered in a sociological survey. I examine how the visual data compares to other sociological information; how photographs, in this research, amplify, supplement, or contextualize nonvisual data.
Using Alloy to formally model and reason about an OpenFlow network switch

Openflow provides a standard interface for separating a network into a data plane and a programmatic control plane. This enables easy network reconfiguration, but introduces the potential for programming bugs to cause network effects. To study OpenFlow switch behavior, we used Alloy to create a software abstraction describing the internal state of a network and its OpenFlow switches. This work is an attempt to model the static and dynamic behaviour a network built using OpenFlow switches.
Electrostatic Potentials and Their Spatial Derivatives About Point Defects in Ionic Crystals.

The electrostatic potential which arises from a lattice array of point ions is computed in terms of a Taylor's series expansion for small distances from a lattice site. This expansion gives the change in electrostatic energy when an ion moves in the background of a perfect point ion lattice potential. The Taylor's series coefficients for terms up to fourth order in the ion displacement are evaluated for the NaCl and CaF2 lattice structures.
The Nature of Osteoarthritis

SummaryOsteoarthritis has been confused with other diseases before it was clearly defined and many names have been applied to the syndrome. It occurs in people otherwise well, often of advanced age and causes symptoms in one joint as a hip, one pair of joints as the hips or the knees or one set of joints as the fingers or the spine. It is to be clearly distinguished from rheumatoid arthritis which affects many organs and symptoms and causes severe invalidism but its most characteristic manifestation is in the joints.Observation revealed that osteoarthritis of one set of joints, as the fingers, differs markedly from that of another joint, such as the hip in sex distribution, age of onset, relation to the menopause and other characteristics. It seems wise therefore to think of osteoarthritis of different joints as different diseases. The author does not believe that osteoarthritis is very often a generalized disease.Patients are described with this disease affecting fingers or hips, starting in adult or mid...
MASS-MORTALITY LAYERS OF FOSSIL STICKLEBACK FISH: CATASTROPHIC KILLS OF POLYMORPHIC SCHOOLS.

Stickleback fish (Gasterosteus doryssus) from late middle-Miocene lacustrine deposits of the Truckee Formation in west-central Nevada are abundant and well preserved. They occa- sionally occur in unusually high densities on single annual laminations (varves) in "mass-mortality layers." We demonstrate that stickleback mass-mortality layers consist of members of schools and may be used as population samples. Comparison of stickleback mass-mortality samples to time- averaged samples, which accumulated over hundreds or thousands of years in the same deposit, indicates that, for some purposes, the time-averaged samples are acceptable surrogates for instan- taneous population samples from the G. doryssus lineage. Mass-mortality and time-averaged sam- ples are similar for variation of pelvic structure and dorsal-spine number, but associations between states of different characters may be weaker in mass-mortality samples than in time-averaged samples. Thus, character variances in time-averaged samples of G. doryssus are comparable to those of living populations, but character correlations are suspect. Character variances and cor- relations in time-averaged fossil samples must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis and interpreted with caution.
153 SYSTEMIC TO PULMONARY COLLATERALS IN A PREMATURE INFANT WITH BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA.

Introduction Systemic to pulmonary artery collaterals (SPCs) occur in a variety of pathologic conditions, including congenital heart disease, chronic pulmonary infections, lung tumors, pulmonary emboli, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. SPCs may result in symptomatic left-to-right shunts. We describe a preterm infant with two SPCs who we weaned from chronic supplemental oxygen following coil embolization of persistent SPCs. Case A 580 g female infant product of a twin pregnancy was born by cesarean section at 28 weeks9 gestation. The patient was hospitalized for a total of 116 days. On day 13 of life an echocardiogram demonstrated a patent ductus arteriosus and left ventricular volume overload, requiring surgical ligation. After surgery the infant continued to experience pulmonary congestion and ventilator dependency. Extubation was successful at 51 days of age, but the patient continued to receive oxygen via nasal canula. On day 98, the echocardiogram demonstrated SPCs, and a cardiac catheterization was performed. The aortogram showed two small to moderate collaterals from the descending aorta to the right lung, each measuring approximately 1.5 mm in diameter. Both were occluded by coil embolization. Nine days after the procedure, the infant was weaned to room air. Conclusion SPCs may contribute to prolonged ventilatory support in premature infants. SPCs can be demonstrated by echocardiographic color Doppler interrogation of the aortic arch and the proximal descending aorta. Coil embolization by interventional cardiac catheterization is indicated in symptomatic patients. Careful echocardiographic evaluation is necessary to rule out SPCs in premature infants with a prolonged supplemental oxygen requirement.
Self-Measured vs Professionally Measured Waist Circumference.

PURPOSE Although waist circumference can provide important metabolic risk information, logistic issues inhibit its routine use in outpatient practice settings. We assessed whether self-measured waist circumference is sufficiently accurate to replace professionally measured waist circumference for identifying high-risk patients. METHODS Medical outpatients and research participants self-measured their waist circumference at the same visit during which a professionally measured waist circumference was obtained. Participants were provided with standardized pictorial instructions on how to measure their waist circumference, and professionals underwent standard training. RESULTS Self- and professionally measured waist circumference data were collected for 585 women (mean ± SD age = 40 ± 14 years, mean ± SD body mass index = 27.7 ± 6.0 kg/m2) and 165 men (mean ± SD age = 41 ± 14 years, mean ± SD body mass index = 29.3 ± 4.6 kg/m2). Although self- and professionally measured waist circumference did not differ significantly, we found a clinically important false-negative rate for the self-measurements. Eleven percent of normal-weight and 52% of overweight women had a professionally measured waist circumference putting them in a high-risk category for metabolic syndrome (ie, greater than 88 cm); however, 57% and 18% of these women, respectively, undermeasured their waist circumference as falling below that cutoff. Fifteen percent and 84% of overweight and class I obese men, respectively, had a professionally measured waist circumference putting them in the high-risk category (ie, greater than 102 cm); however, 23% and 16% of these men, respectively, undermeasured their waist circumference as falling below that cutoff. CONCLUSIONS Despite standardized pictorial instructions for self-measured waist circumference, the false-negative rate of self-measurements approached or exceeded 20% for some groups at high risk for poor health outcomes.
A mixing length model for the aqueous boundary layer including the effect of wave breaking on enhancing gas transfer

A mixing length model for air-water gas transfer is developed to include the effects of wave breaking. The model requires both the shear velocity induced by the wind and the integrated wave dissipation. Both of these can be calculated for tanks and oceans by a full spectrum wave model. The gas transfer model is calibrated, with laboratory tank measurements of carbon dioxide flux, and transported to oceanic conditions to yield air-sea transfer velocity versus wind speed.
Private Assets, Public Mission: The Politics of Technology Transfer and the New American University

The rise of biotechnology, in concert with the Bayh-Dole Act, greatly intensified the practice of university technology transfer in which academic institutions take ownership of federally funded discoveries and license them as private assets. Technology transfer has become a site through which law, life sciences, and the idea of the “entrepreneurial university” are coevolving. Scholars of technology transfer have tended to describe the process of institutionalization as a smooth one, overlooking the important ways that it has been uneven and contested. Particular licensing controversies in the 1990s and 2000s demonstrate how certain prevailing assumptions of the entrepreneurial university have been challenged, and how the boundaries of the public and private domain are under active negotiation. In particular, controversies surrounding biotechnological objects like transgenic mice, stem cells, and pharmaceutical targets evince fundamental disagreements about the obligations of the research university in its new role as an investor of knowledge capital. These controversies have also helped produce new answers to larger questions facing the university as it seeks to negotiate its private and public interests. Faced with increasing political scrutiny from diverse stakeholders, university technology transfer professionals have been forced to develop new practices of public accountability. These practices reveal how university tech transfer has, over the last 10 years or so, brought the public back in. This trend should be welcomed, as it has the potential to enable both a deeper democratic engagement and a richer distributive politics within the American innovation system.
Structure, chromosome mapping, and expression of the mouse Lyl-1 gene

The mouse Lyl-1 gene was cloned and shown to consist of four exons with extensive nucleotide and structural homology to the human LYL1 gene. The Lyl-1 gene was localized to the central region of mouse chromosome 8 which defines a new region of synteny with human chromosome 19p. The predicted mouse Lyl-1 protein is 78% identical to human LYL1. The region of highest similarity occurs in the basic DNA binding and helix-loop-helix dimerization motifs which are nearly identical in mouse and man differing by only one conservative amino acid substitution. Expression of the Lyl-1 gene was found to be low in murine spleen and undetectable in other tissues by Northern blot analysis. In lymphoid cell lines, Lyl-1 was expressed in most B lineage cells but downregulated during terminal differentiation and was not expressed in most T lineage cells. In a human T ALL cell line carrying a translocation that juxtaposed LYL1 with the beta TCR gene, the translocated LYL1 gene was transcriptionally active whereas the nontranslocated gene was transcriptionally silent. We conclude that LYL1 has the properties of a lineage- and differentiation-specific HLH protein that contributes to T-cell neoplasia through its deregulated expression following chromosomal translocation.
Stochastic Predator-Prey Dynamics of Transposons in the Human Genome

Transposable elements, or transposons, are DNA sequences that can jump from site to site in the genome during the life cycle of a cell, usually encoding the very enzymes which perform their excision. However, some transposons are parasitic, relying on the enzymes produced by the regular transposons. In this case, we show that a stochastic model, which takes into account the small copy numbers of the active transposons in a cell, predicts noise-induced predator-prey oscillations with a characteristic time scale that is much longer than the cell replication time, indicating that the state of the predator-prey oscillator is stored in the genome and transmitted to successive generations. Our work demonstrates the important role of the number fluctuations in the expression of mobile genetic elements, and shows explicitly how ecological concepts can be applied to the dynamics and fluctuations of living genomes.
Restorative complications of orthodontic treatment

The complications of elective orthodontic treatment are numerous. Patients need to be aware, in advance, of possible problems including resorption, instability, caries, recession and failure to deliver optimal tooth position. The investment of time and resources by all concerned is considerable and if there are adverse outcomes these can be biologically costly in the longer term. A frank and full discussion of the possible problems is necessary following the findings of Montgomery vs. Lanarkshire in 2015.
A Roadmap for Achieving Respiratory Health Equality

Achieving respiratory health equality, defined as the highest level of respiratory health for all people, will require the elimination of respiratory health disparities. Respiratory health disparities are particularly amenable to intervention, given that major contributing causal factors have been identified: tobacco smoking, occupational agents, and air pollution. Thus, there is a powerful rationale for taking steps to address these causal factors and their upstream or “root” causes. Achieving respiratory health equality will require elimination of environmental risk factors, ensuring access to high-quality healthcare for all, and conducting cutting-edge research on minority populations. Such an ambitious agenda can only be fulfilled with the participation of key stakeholders, including the general public, patients afflicted with respiratory illnesses, governmental agencies (at the local, state, and federal levels), private foundations, and professional societies.
The slow boil: street food, rights, and public space in Mumbai, by Jonathan Shapiro Anjaria, Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press, 2016, 232 pp, $25.95 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-804-79937-9

The two main strands of contemporary urban studies research – studies of culture in the city and studies of urban space as an effect of power – have not adequately addressed the contradictions, con...
Energy savings opportunities in the global digital television transition

Globally, terrestrial television (TV) broadcasting is in the midst of a complete transition to digital signals. The last analog terrestrial broadcast is expected to be switched off in the early 2020s. This transition presents huge energy savings opportunities that have thus far been ignored. Digital TV switchovers have likely increased energy consumption as countries have completed transitions by providing digital TV converters to analog TV users, which increase energy consumption and extend the life of energy-inefficient analog TVs. We find that if analog TVs were retired at the time of a digital switchover and replaced with super-efficient flat-panel TVs, such as light-emitting diode (LED) backlit liquid crystal display (LCD) TVs, there is a combined electricity savings potential of 32 terawatt hours [TWh] per year in countries that have not yet completed their digital TV transition. In view of these findings as well as the dramatic drops of super-efficient TV prices and the unique early-retirement opportunity resulting from cessation of terrestrial analog broadcasts, TV-exchange programs would easily and substantially advance energy efficiency.
O. Diekmann, J. Heesterbeek, and J.A. Metz (1991) and P. Van den Driessche and J. Watmough (2002): The spread of infectious diseases in heterogeneous populations

This chapter is devoted to two papers that go beyond the homogeneity assumption, but develop frameworks for heterogeneous transmission. Both papers focus on the calculation of basic reproduction number, but use different tools. Diekmann, Heesterbeck and Metz, in their 1990 paper, use linear operator theory to derive the fact that the basic reproductive number for heterogeneous transmission models represents the spectral radius of the next-generation operator, which is the largest eigenvalue. The paper by van den Driessche and Watmough was published in 2002. They use dynamic systems theory and linearization at the disease-free equilibrium to show that the next-generation matrix is a function of the Jacobian and confirm that the basic reproduction number is the spectral radius of that matrix. The reader is carefully guided through all relevant derivations and calculations.
Bow Wave Dynamics

Experimental studies of air entrainment by breaking waves are essential for advancing the understanding of these flows and creating valid models. The present study used experimental simulations of a ship bow wave to examine its dynamics and air entrainment processes. The simulated waves were created by a deflecting plate mounted at an angle in a supercritical free-surface flow in a flume. Measurements of the bow wave geometry at two scales and also for a bow wave created by a wedge in a towing tank are presented. Contact line and bow wave profile measurements from the different experiments are compared and demonstrate the similarity of the flume simulations to the towing tank experiments. The bow wave profile data from the towing tank experiments were used to investigate the scaling of the wave with the flow and the dependence on geometric parameters. In addition, surface disturbances observed on the plunging wave are documented herein because of the role they play in air entrainment. The air entrainment itself is explored in Waniewski et al (2001).
Power Flattening in D-T Blankets

An investigation aimed at identifying methods of flattening the power distribution in D-T blankets has been carried out. Three methods were identified which when used in conjunction produce power distributions which are significantly flatter than those produced by typical blankets. The peak-to-average power density ratio is reduced by over 50%, and the peak-to minimum power fall-off is reduced by a factor of five. Power flattened blankets achieve tritium breeding ratios and blanket multiplication which could be somewhat higher than those of typical blanket designs.
Annotation of Temporal Relations with Tango

Temporal annotation is a complex task characterized by low markup speed and low inter-annotator agreements scores. Tango is a graphical annotation tool for temporal relations. It is developed for the TimeML annotation language and allows annotators to build a graph that resembles a timeline. Temporal relations are added by selecting events and drawing labeled arrows between them. Tango is integrated with a temporal closure component and includes features like SmartLink, user prompting and automatic linking of time expressions. Tango has been used to create two corpora with temporal annotation, TimeBank and the AQUAINT Opinion corpus.
tsiR: An R package for time-series Susceptible-Infected-Recovered models of epidemics

tsiR is an open source software package implemented in the R programming language designed to analyze infectious disease time-series data. The software extends a well-studied and widely-applied algorithm, the time-series Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (TSIR) model, to infer parameters from incidence data, such as contact seasonality, and to forward simulate the underlying mechanistic model. The tsiR package aggregates a number of different fitting features previously described in the literature in a user-friendly way, providing support for their broader adoption in infectious disease research. Also included in tsiR are a number of diagnostic tools to assess the fit of the TSIR model. This package should be useful for researchers analyzing incidence data for fully-immunizing infectious diseases.
Vibration of carbon nanotubes with defects: order reduction methods.

Order reduction methods are widely used to reduce computational effort when calculating the impact of defects on the vibrational properties of nearly periodic structures in engineering applications, such as a gas-turbine bladed disc. However, despite obvious similarities these techniques have not yet been adapted for use in analysing atomic structures with inevitable defects. Two order reduction techniques, modal domain analysis and modified modal domain analysis, are successfully used in this paper to examine the changes in vibrational frequencies, mode shapes and mode localization caused by defects in carbon nanotubes. The defects considered are isotope defects and Stone–Wales defects, though the methods described can be extended to other defects.
Mental Health During Residency Training: Assessing the Barriers to Seeking Care.

Resident and fellow physicians are at elevated risk for developing depression compared to the general population; however, they are also less likely to utilize mental health services. We sought to identify the barriers to seeking mental health treatment among residents across all specialties at a large academic medical center in Chicago, IL. Residents and fellows from all programs were asked to complete an anonymous self-report questionnaire. Of the 18% of residents and fellows that completed the survey, 61% felt they would have benefited from psychiatric services. Only 24% of those who felt they needed care actually sought treatment. The most commonly reported barriers to seeking care were lack of time (77%), concerns about confidentiality (67%), concerns about what others would think (58%), cost (56%), and concern for effect on one’s ability to obtain licensure (50%). Despite feeling that they require mental health services, few trainees actually sought care. This study identifies an overall need for improved access to mental health providers and psychoeducation for medical housestaff.
Endocrine Adjuvant Therapy for Localized Breast Cancer.

Investigators now report in the Journal the updated results of two critical trials of endocrine therapy in early-stage breast cancer — SOFT (Suppression of Ovarian Function Trial) and TEXT (Tamoxifen and Exemestane Trial) — with overlapping groups that permitted a combined analysis.1 As in many other endocrine-therapy trials, the effects were not apparent in earlier analyses, but after 8 to 9 years of follow-up, the results are clear. In premenopausal women, the addition of ovarian suppression to tamoxifen was more effective in increasing disease-free survival than tamoxifen alone, and the addition of the aromatase inhibitor exemestane to ovarian suppression was . . .
Foundations for Calculational Logic

For the past 20 years, researchers in the formal development of algorithms —programming methodology—have been developing a calculational approach to logic, in which a calculational format using substitution of equals for equals, weakening, and strengthening are the major tools. This work is giving us a perspective on logic that is different from that of others: for us, logic is a tool instead of just an area of academic study. These lectures summarize our present understanding of this calculational logic. Covered are: propositional logic, predicate logic, treating undefined terms, the use of weakening or strengthening steps, a useful theorem on monotonicity, metatheorem Witness, and the everywhere operator. Some interesting proofs are developed.
Mechanisms of Organic Molecule Ejection in SIMS and FABMS Experiments

A classical dynamics model is used to investigate nuclear motion in solids due to bombardment by energetic atoms and ions. Of interest are the mechanisms of ejection and cluster formation of molecular species where we have predicted intact ejection of benzene-C6H6, pyridine-C5H5N, napthalene-C10H8, bipheny1-C12H10 and coronene-C24H12. The results presented here show that the energy distributions of the parent molecular species, e.g., benzene, are narrower than those of atomic species, even though the ejection processes in both cases arise from energetic nuclear collisions. The bonding geometry also influences the ejection yield and angular distribution. The specific case of π-bonded and σ-bonded pyridine on a metal surface is discussed with comparisons between the calculated results and experimental data. These calculations provide a means of interpreting SIMS, FABMS and possibly even PDMS experimental data.
Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Isoforms 3 and 4: Avenues for Tissue-Specific ∆9 Desaturase Activity

The stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) family of enzymes catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). Four SCD isoforms have been identified in mouse (SCD1–4). While the involvement of SCD1 in metabolic disease has been well investigated, SCD3 and SCD4 remain largely unexplored. Preliminary studies in mouse models reveal that SCD3 and SCD4 exhibit unique tissue expression patterns compared to SCD1 and SCD2. Scd3 is expressed in the harderian gland, preputial gland, and skin, while Scd4 is mainly expressed in the heart. The limited tissue expression of these isoforms likely stems from the combinatorial presence of different regulatory elements. In fact, early work on SCD3 and SCD4 has revealed several distinct factors that modulate expression of these genes. Notably, while leptin represses Scd1 in the liver, Scd4 is the only isoform repressed by leptin in the heart. SCD3 also demonstrates unique substrate specificity, despite sharing 88 % protein homology with SCD1. SCD3 preferentially desaturates palmitate, 16:0, to yield palmitoleate, 16:1(n-7). This review summarizes the preliminary work on the two most recently discovered SCD isoforms and highlights the motivations for further studies of these unique ∆9 desaturase enzymes.
Accounting for the effects of a ruminal nitrogen deficiency within the structure of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System.

The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) prediction of fiber digestion and microbial mass production from ruminally degraded carbohydrate has been adjusted to accommodate a ruminal N deficiency. The steps for the adjustment are as follows: 1) the ruminal available peptide and ammonia pools are used to determine the N allowable microbial growth; 2) this value is subtracted from the energy allowable microbial growth to obtain the reduction in microbial mass; 3) this mass reduction is allocated between pools of bacteria digesting fiber (FC) and nonfiber (NFC) carbohydrate according to their original proportions in the energy allowable microbial growth; 4) the reduction in fermented FC is computed as the FC bacterial mass reduction divided by its yield (g bacteria/g FC digested); and 5) this reduction is added to the FC fraction escaping the rumen. Five published studies included information that allowed us to evaluate the response of animals to added dietary N. These evaluations compared observed and CNCPS-predicted ADG with and without this adjustment. The adjustment decreased the CNCPS overprediction of ADG from 19.2 to 4.7%, mean bias declined from .16 to .04 kg/d, and the r2 of the regression between observed and metabolizable energy (ME) or metabolizable protein allowable ADG was increased from .83 to .88 with the adjustment. When the observed dry matter intake was regressed against CNCPS-predicted DMI with an adjustment for reduction in cell wall digestibility, the r2 was increased from .77 to .88. These results indicated the adjustment for ruminal nitrogen deficiency increased the accuracy of the CNCPS model in evaluating diets of growing animals when ruminally degraded N is deficient.
Predicting Energy Consumption of Office Buildings: A Hybrid Machine Learning-Based Approach

Improving building energy efficiency requires an understanding of the affecting factors and an assessment of different design and operation alternatives. In this context, accurate prediction of building energy consumption gained a lot of research attention. In recent years, a significant number of building energy consumption prediction models, with various intended uses, have been proposed. However, existing data-driven models are mostly based on outdoor weather conditions, but do not take occupant behavior into account. Towards addressing this research gap, this paper presents a hybrid machine-learning and data-mining approach to develop prediction models that learn from both real data and simulation-generated data. Real data were collected from an office building, including data about building energy consumption, outdoor weather conditions, and occupant behavior. Simulation-generated data were created through simulating an office building in EnergyPlus. A feature selection algorithm was used to determine the critical features in predicting energy consumption for office buildings. A set of regression models were then trained for predicting the hourly values of an outdoor weather-related factor and an occupant behavior-related factor based on these features. Then, an ensembler model—which takes the outputs of the outdoor weather-related factor and occupant behavior-related factor models—was trained to predict cooling energy consumption. In training the models, several machine learning algorithms—such as Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Linear Regression (LR)—were tested. The predicted energy consumption levels showed agreement with the actual levels. This indicates that the proposed regression models can help support decision making related to office buildings.
Short Term Load Forecasting by Adaptive Neural Network

The Generation and load balance is required in economic scheduling of the generating units and in electricity market trades. Energy forecasting became very important to mitigate some of the challenges that arise from the uncertainty in the resource. The paper presents a structure of artificial neural network with an adaptive learning algorithm used for a short-term forecasting of hourly electric power load. Historical data are sourced from Global Energy Forecasting Competition 2017 (GEFCom2017) including forecasting in the domains of electric load, weather, wind power, solar power, and electricity prices. An adaptive learning algorithm is derived from analysis of system stability to ensure convergence of training process. A simplified condition of learning factor is driven for use of computer simulation. An upper bound of learning factors is derived from the theory of convergence. At iteration of network training, a learning factor is defined to satisfy the convergence condition. The simulations with different initial state of network structure demonstrate that training error steadily decrease with an adaptive learning factor starting at different initial values whereas errors behave volatile with constant learning factors. The comparison demonstrated that a learning factor arbitrarily chosen out of the predefined stability domain leads to an unstable identification of the considered system; however, an adaptive learning factor satisfying the conditions chosen for this study ensures the stability of the identification system.
Stromal fibroblast growth factor 2 reduces the efficacy of bromodomain inhibitors in uveal melanoma

Abstract Alterations in transcriptional programs promote tumor development and progression and are targetable by bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein inhibitors. However, in a multi‐site clinical trial testing the novel BET inhibitor, PLX51107, in solid cancer patients, liver metastases of uveal melanoma (UM) patients progressed rapidly following treatment. Mechanisms of resistance to BET inhibitors in UM are unknown. We show that fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) rescued UM cells from growth inhibition by BET inhibitors, and FGF2 effects were reversible by FGF receptor (FGFR) inhibitors. BET inhibitors also increased FGFR protein expression in UM cell lines and in patient tumor samples. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) secrete FGF2, and HSC‐conditioned medium provided resistance of UM cells to BET inhibitors. PLX51107 was ineffective in vivo, but the combination of a FGFR inhibitor, AZD4547, and PLX51107 significantly suppressed the growth of xenograft UM tumors formed from subcutaneous inoculation of UM cells with HSCs and orthotopically in the liver. These results suggest that co‐targeting of FGFR signaling is required to increase the responses of metastatic UM to BET inhibitors.
Thermal resistance of Listeria monocytogenes in natural unsweetened cocoa powder under different water activity

Abstract Listeria monocytogenes can survive in dry conditions for long periods. Despite an increasing research studying Salmonella inactivation in low-moisture foods, there is a general lack of knowledge related to L. monocytogenes inactivation in low-moisture foods during thermal processing and the factors impacting their survival in these products. Cocoa powder is an essential and widely incorporated ingredient in many desserts and drinks that do not need thermal processing. This study evaluated the thermal resistance of L. monocytogenes in cocoa powder and investigated the impact of water activity (aw) on its survival in cocoa powder. Natural unsweetened cocoa powder was inoculated with a 3-strain L. monocytogenes cocktail (∼9.0 Log10 CFU/g), equilibrated to aw 0.30, 0.45 or 0.60 at 22 °C and subjected to isothermal treatments. Survivors were enumerated to obtain thermal-inactivation parameters. L. monocytogenes population was stable in cocoa powder (aw 0.30) over the first month of storage, then decreased gradually but remained detectable after 12-month storage at 22 °C. Thermal inactivation of L. monocytogenes in cocoa powder at target aw and different temperatures showed a log-linear trend. Heat resistance of L. monocytogenes is aw-dependent with the highest resistance at aw 0.30. The range of D-values (in min) at 70, 75 and 80 °C at aw 0.30. and 0.45, respectively, were: 21.9–5.0 and 7.3–1.8. The range of D-values (in min) at 65, 70 and 75 °C at aw 0.60 was 9.1–2.0. The z-value at aw 0.30, 0.45, and 0.60 was 15.5, 15.9, and 14.9 °C, respectively. In summary, L. monocytogenes can survive in cocoa powder stored at 22 °C for an extended time. Thermal resistance of L. monocytogenes adapted to low aw cocoa was conversely related to aw. This study provides valuable information for the food industry to develop thermal inactivation strategies to control L. monocytogenes in cocoa powder.
Prevalence, Severity, and Correlates of Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression at the Very End of Life

Abstract Context Rates of psychological symptoms for patients with serious illness are high, but there has been limited research investigating psychological symptoms at the very end of life (EOL). Objectives To better understand the prevalence, severity, and correlates of psychological distress at the very EOL. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study utilized caregiver proxy interviews. Caregivers were contacted after their care recipient recently died while receiving home hospice care and invited to participate in a brief interview with a trained research assistant. Patient, caregiver, and hospice utilization data were also abstracted from electronic medical records, and caregiver burden scores were assessed via interview. Results A total of 351 caregivers were included in the study. According to caregivers, 46.4% of patients had moderate-to-severe anxiety, as assessed with a score of ≥4 on the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale and 43% had moderate-to-severe symptoms (Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale score ≥ 4) of depression in the last week of life. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were significantly associated with caregiver burden scores and inversely associated with patient age. Conclusion Psychological symptom management at the very EOL is essential to providing comprehensive hospice care. Our study revealed that nearly half of all home hospice patients experience moderate-to-severe symptoms of anxiety and/or depression in the last week of life. Future research is needed to improve psychological symptom management at the very EOL to improve the quality of life for both patients and their families.
What can cognitive neuroscience do for cultural sociology

Can cognitive neuroscience contribute to cultural sociology? We argue that it can, but to profit from such contributions requires developing coherent positions at the level of ontology and coherent epistemological views concerning interfield relations in science. In this paper, we carve out a coherent position that makes sense for cultural sociology based on Sperber’s “infra-individualist” and Clark’s “extended cognition” arguments. More substantively, we take on three canonical topics in cultural sociology: language, intersubjectivity, and associational links between elements, showing that the cognitive neurosciences can make conceptual and empirical contributions to the thinking of cultural sociologists in these areas. We conclude by outlining the opportunities for further development of work at the intersection of cultural sociology and the cognitive neurosciences.
Measuring financial well-being over the lifecourse

Financial well-being is a relatively new construct that attempts to measure subjective financial status and perceived future financial trajectory. Using a large public cross-sectional dataset, we f...
A structured genetics rotation for pediatric residents: an important educational opportunity.

As the integral role of genetics in health and disease becomes increasingly understood, pediatricians must incorporate genetic principles into their care of patients. Structured exposure to genetics during residency may better equip future pediatricians to meet this goal. Pediatric interns in the Johns Hopkins pediatric residency program have the option to spend one week immersed in clinical genetics by attending outpatient clinics and seeing inpatient consults. A pretest assessing clinical genetics knowledge is given before the rotation and compared with an identical post-test. Interns have a “scavenger hunt” to introduce genetic resources useful to pediatricians and complete a logbook of patient experiences. An evaluation is completed at the end of the rotation. Since the selective started in July 2016, 50 interns have participated. Average pretest score was 2.5/5 compared with a post-test score of 4.3/5, p < 0.0001. Interns saw on average ten patients and four different diagnoses. Overall evaluation was 4.4 on a 5-point scale, 5 being “excellent.” This experience suggests that a structured rotation in genetics provides pediatric interns with an opportunity to learn basic clinical genetics knowledge and skills and see patients whom they may otherwise not encounter during residency.
Computability of validity and satisfiability in probability logics over finite and countable models

The -logic (which is called E-logic in this paper) of Terwijn is a variant of first-order logic (FOL) with the same syntax in which the models are equipped with probability measures and the quantifier is interpreted as ‘there exists a set A of a measure such that for each , ...’. Previously, Kuyper and Terwijn proved that the general satisfiability and validity problems for this logic are, i) for rational , respectively -complete and -hard, and ii) for , respectively decidable and -complete. The adjective ‘general’ here means ‘uniformly over all languages’. We extend these results in the scenario of finite models. In particular, we show that the problems of satisfiability and validity with respect to finite models in E-logic are, i) for rational , respectively -complete and -complete, and ii) for , respectively decidable and -complete. Although partial results toward the countable case are also achieved, the computability of E-logic over countable models still remains largely unsolved. In addition, most o...
Data contamination and row-level error identification

Massive data are processed by business organizations daily. Errors in upstream dataspace or faulty processes may already contaminate tens of thousands of data records downstream by the time the errors are detected and corrected. Many data space possesses the Strictly Downstream Dataspace property where an overall refresh of the dataspace is infeasible, and row level error identification is required. Such identification is usually done manually. It is time consuming and error prone. This paper models the error contamination process and proposes a design to quickly identify row-level error space in the system.
Real-Time Simulation of a Cyber-Attack Scenario on a Power Distribution Substation

This paper will describe the real-time simulation of a virtual Denial-of-Service cyber-attack scenario to a power distribution system software model on OPAL-RT. This includes the evaluation of the system response to major power instabilities during the attack. Using the Modbus TCP communication protocol, a SCADA interface communicates and interacts with the real-time simulation power distribution system model in OPAL-RT. With this methodology, different cyber-attacks on a virtual system can be evaluated and verified with no threat to the physical system.
A Call to Action for a Programmatic Approach to Cultural Competency in Pharmacy Education

Pharmacy has recognized the importance of health disparities and cultural competency (HDCC) education for two decades. More recently, there has been emphasis on incorporating equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) in pharmacy programs. While many institutions identify a need to incorporate a programmatic approach to HDCC education in order to meet the growing needs of a diverse population, pharmacy curricula continue to lack a holistic, programmatic approach to this vital piece of pharmacy education and the societal challenges our graduates will face throughout their careers. More than ever, pharmacists should graduate with the knowledge, values, and skills to provide culturally appropriate care for a diverse patient population. This commentary is advocating for a holistic, programmatic approach to integrating HDCC education and serves as a call to action for curricular development. It is hoped that this commentary will also set the foundation for additional scholarly work and recommendations regarding a programmatic approach.
Employees’ Workplace Well-Being and Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Private Education in Ilocos Norte, Philippines

The study intended to determine the effect of workplace well-being particularly hedonic and eudemonic well-being on the organizational citizenship behavior of the employees. To support the theoretical foundation of the study, related literature was reviewed. The respondents of the study were all employees from the Divine Word Colleges in the Ilocos region. The study applied descriptive assessment and correlational research design. To analyze the data, the weighted mean and Pearson r correlation was used. The study found that the workplace wellbeing of employees and their organizational citizenship behavior were considered high and it was also found that there is no correlation between the workplace well-being and the organizational citizenship behavior of the employees. Therefore, the hypothesis of the study, that there is a correlation between workplace well-being and organizational citizenship behavior is rejected. This finding contributes to a wider discussion on the effect of workplace well-being on organizational citizenship behavior.