cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Grain‐Growth Transition During Sintering of Colloidally Prepared Alumina Powder Compacts

When the grain size in partially sintered compacts of alumina was measured as a function of density, we found that the grain-growth behavior fell into two distinct regions. In the region where the porosity remained interconnected, grain growth was negligible; when the continuous pore network collapsed into isolated pores, grains grew rapidly. The transition in grain-growth behavior was observed at approximately 90% of theoretical density. A simple phenomenological method for obtaining the transition in grain growth is suggested. It is based on the idea that an abrupt increase in grain size should be accompanied by a significant decrease in the rate of sintering since the sintering rate changes as the third or fourth power of the grain size. The method consists of fitting the sintering data to an exponential function. The transition then appears as a change in the time constant for the exponential. The low rate of grain growth in the region where the pores are interconnected contradicts earlier work in the literature where significant grain growth during intermediate-stage sintering has been reported. This difference is explained in terms of the homogeneity of packing of our powder compacts, which were prepared by colloidal processing.
Partisan politics and public debt: The importance of the 'Whig Supremacy' for Britain's financial revolution

It has become common for authors to argue that government commitment to repay debt depends upon institutions. In this article I present new econometric evidence which shows that in one prominent case, Great Britain after 1688, credibility depended more immediately upon partisan preferences. The ‘revolution’ in British public finance may indeed have been spurred forward by the constitutional changes of the Glorious Revolution, but it was only consolidated in 1715, almost three decades later, during a ‘Whig Supremacy’ where a single party established unchecked control over British political institutions. It mattered a great deal for the final outcome that the Whig party was intimately associated with government creditors while their opponents, the Tories, were not. I provide evidence of a structural break in both government costs of borrowing and Bank of England share prices that is consistent with this argument. Using an ARCH-in-mean model, I then show that the evolution of the Whig majority in the House of Commons provides a better explanation for the evolution of government credibility than does either the assumption of a simple structural break in 1715, or an explanation focusing strictly on political stability, and ignoring partisan preferences. These findings have broad implications for our understanding of the determinants of credibility.
Calculations on model systems using quasi-degenerate variational perturbation theory with an average pair correction

A correction to quasi-degenerate variational perturbation theory is proposed that is similar to the average coupled pair functional method. The correction is shown to lack solid theoretical justification when applied to importance-selected multireference calculations and to systems with irreducible interpair contributions to the correlation energy. The method is shown to give improved results when applied to small model systems.
Photomultiplier tubes in the MiniBooNE experiment

The detector for the MiniBooNE [1] experiment at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory employs 1520 8 inch Hamamatsu models R1408 and R5912 photomultiplier tubes with custom-designed bases. Tests were performed to determine the dark rate, charge and timing resolutions, double-pulsing rate, and desired operating voltage for each tube, so that the tubes could be sorted for optimal placement in the detector. Seven phototubes were tested to find the angular dependence of their response. After the Super-K phototube implosion accident, an analysis was performed to determine the risk of a similar accident with MiniBooNE.
Sunscreen enhancement of UV-induced reactive oxygen species in the skin

The number of UV-induced (20 mJ cm(-2)) reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in nucleated epidermis is dependent upon the length of time the UV filter octocrylene, octylmethoxycinnamate, or benzophenone-3 remains on the skin surface. Two-photon fluorescence images acquired immediately after application of each formulation (2 mg cm(-2)) to the skin surface show that the number of ROS produced is dramatically reduced relative to the skin-UV filter control. After each UV filter remains on the skin surface for t=20 min, the number of ROS generated increases, although it remains below the number generated in the control. By t=60 min, the filters generate ROS above the control. The data show that when all three of the UV filters penetrate into the nucleated layers, the level of ROS increases above that produced naturally by epidermal chromophores under UV illumination.
What is a Clinically Meaningful Improvement in Leg-Extensor Power for Mobility-limited Older Adults?

Background Muscle power is a key predictor of physical function in older adults; however, clinically meaningful improvements in leg-extensor muscle power have yet to be identified. The purpose of this study is to establish the minimal clinically important improvement (MCII) and substantial improvement (SI) for leg-extensor power and muscle contraction velocity in mobility-limited older adults. Methods Data were extracted from three randomized trials of leg-extensor muscle power training interventions (3- to 6-month duration). Measurements of leg-extensor power and velocity were obtained using dynamic bilateral leg press at 40% and 70% of the one-repetition maximum. Anchor-based MCIIs were calculated using selected items extracted from the Late Life Function and Disability Instrument. Standard error of measurement and effect size methods were used to calculate the distribution-based MCII. Results Data from 164 participants (mean age: 76.6 ± 5.6 years; Short Physical Performance Battery score: 7.8 ± 1.3) were used in this analysis. The respective MCII and SI estimates for 40% leg-extensor power were 18.3 (9%) and 30.5 (15%) W, and 23.1 (10%) and 41.6 (18%) W for 70% leg-extensor power. The respective MCII and SI estimates for 40% average velocity were 0.03(7%) and 0.08(18%) m/s, and 0.02(6%) and 0.05(15%) m/s for 70% average velocity. Conclusions This is the first study to establish a clinically meaningful improvement of leg-extensor power (9%-10%) and velocity (6%-7%) in mobility-limited older adults. These findings should be used to aid in the design and interpretation of clinical trials and interventions that target improvements in muscle power in this high-risk population.
Urinary Phytoestrogens Are Associated with Subtle Indicators of Semen Quality among Male Partners of Couples Desiring Pregnancy

Background: Phytoestrogens have been associated with subtle hormonal changes, although effects on male fecundity are largely unknown. Objective: We sought to evaluate associations between male urinary phytoestrogen (isoflavone and lignan) concentrations and semen quality. Methods: This study was a prospective cohort study of 501 male partners of couples desiring pregnancy and discontinuing contraception. Each participant provided up to 2 semen samples that were analyzed for 35 semen quality endpoints the following day. Linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate associations between baseline urinary phytoestrogen concentrations and semen quality parameters, adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), research site, and serum lipid and cotinine concentrations. Results: Most associations between urinary phytoestrogens and semen quality parameters were null. However, select individual phytoestrogens were associated with semen quality parameters, with associations dependent on the class of phytoestrogens and modified by BMI. Specifically, genistein and daidzein were associated with a lower percentage of normal sperm and increased abnormalities in semen morphology, with reduced associations observed as BMI increased (P < 0.05) (percentageof normal morphology by World Health Organization traditional criteria: genistein,25.61%6 1.95% SE, P = 0.004, interaction 0.19% 6 0.06% per log unit increase, P = 0.004; daidzein, 25.35% 6 2.05%, P = 0.01, interaction 0.29% 6 0.07% per log unit increase, P = 0.01). Enterolactone was associated with fewer abnormalities in semen morphometry and morphology and decreased DNA fragmentation, with reduced associations observed as BMI increased (P < 0.05) (percentage of abnormalities in the neck and midpiece: enterolactone, 23.35% 6 1.61%, P = 0.04, interaction 0.11% 6 0.05% per log unit increase, P = 0.04). Conclusions: These results suggest that male urinary phytoestrogen concentrations at levels characteristic of the US population may be associated with subtle indicators of male fecundity and semen quality but were not associated with couple fecundity. J Nutr doi: 10.3945/jn.115.214973.
TIME-SPECIFIC VARIATION IN PASSERINE NEST SURVIVAL: NEW INSIGHTS INTO OLD QUESTIONS

Abstract Understanding nest survival is critical to bird conservation and to studies of avian life history. Nest survival likely varies with nest age and date, but until recently researchers had only limited tools to efficiently address those sources of variability. Beginning with Mayfield (1961), many researchers have averaged survival rates within time-specific categories (e.g. egg and nestling stages; early and late nesting dates). However, Mayfield’s estimator assumes constant survival within categories, and violations of that assumption can lead to biased estimates. We used the logistic-exposure method to examine nest survival as a function of nest age and date in Clay-colored Sparrows (Spizella pallida) and Vesper Sparrows (Pooecetes gramineus) breeding in north-central North Dakota. Daily survival rates increased during egg laying, decreased during incubation to a low shortly after hatch, and then increased during brood rearing in both species. Variation in survival with nest age suggests that trad...
Best Practices for Verification, Validation, and Test in Model- Based Design

Model-Based Design is no longer limited to RD it is frequently used for production programs at automotive companies around the world. The demands of production programs drive an even greater need for tools and practices that enable automation and rigor in the area of verification, validation, and test. Without these tools and practices, achieving the quality demanded by the automotive market is not possible. This paper presents best practices in verification, validation, and test that are applicable to any program, but are critical when applying Model-Based Design in production programs.
Barriers to Addressing Adolescent Substance Use: Perceptions of New York School‐Based Health Center Providers

BACKGROUND: Adolescent substance use is associated with chronic health conditions, accidents, injury, and school-related problems, including dropping out. Schools have the potential to provide students with substance use prevention and intervention services, albeit with confidentiality challenges. School-based health centers (SBHCs) provide confidentiality, positioning them as ideal settings to provide substance use prevention and intervention. This study identified program directors' and clinicians' barriers to addressing adolescent substance use in SBHCs. METHODS: Between May and June 2013, an electronic survey was distributed to all 162 New York State SBHC program directors and clinicians serving middle and high school students. RESULTS: The most prevalent perceived barriers to discussing substance use with students were time constraints (43%), the belief that students are not honest about their use (43%), and clinicians' lack of training (28%). Both directors and clinicians identified challenges in getting students to return for additional sessions to address their use, and they also indicated that confidentiality was a treatment referral barrier. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified timely opportunities that may be leveraged and unique challenges that may be overcome with targeted dissemination, training, and technical assistance efforts to enable directors and clinicians to routinely address substance use in SBHCs. Language: en
Humoral immune response in mice over-expressing or deficient in growth hormone.

Effects of growth hormone (GH) levels on the humoral immune response were investigated in metallothionein I (MT)-bovine (b) GH-transgenic (tg) and GH-deficient Ames dwarf (Prop1 dt–/–) mice. Four-m...
Per-symbol ICI mitigation for low-dimensional doubly dispersive channels using pilot restoration

In high-mobility scenarios the channel behavior is Doubly Dispersive with time variation reaching up to multiple cycles over an OFDM symbol period. The latter warrants pilot placement at the individual symbol level, which results in reduced throughput. Even though multiple cycles of fluctuation over a symbol period is a severe case, the dimensionality of the description of the time variation is manageably low. Given knowledge of a bound on the speed of objects affecting the channel a parsimonious basis expansion model (BEM) approximation (based on prolate spheroidal sequences) of the channel behavior can be attained. Leveraging the low dimensionality, an optimization problem is formulated with the objective of restoring the per symbol pilots to their original values, with the design variables being the BEM coefficients embedded in a zero-forcing equalization matrix. Our proposed Pilot Restoration (PR) method provides significant improvement over the least squares estimation method when a small set of subcarriers is allocated for pilot clusters.
Metamorphosis of the larva of Loxosomella murmanica (Nilus) (Entoprocta)

Abstract The larva of Loxosomella murmanica is briefly described. At metamorphosis the larva attaches by the frontal organ and closes the prototroch around the atrium. The region behind the frontal organ stretches and forms the stalk, and the atrium is reopened. The gut of the larva is retained in the adult.
The Resource and Agricultural Policy System (RAPS): Upgrade and Documentation

The Resource and Agricultural Policy System (RAPS) is upgraded and documented in this technical report. RAPS was developed to estimate the environmental impacts of farming practices and policy in 128,591 National Resources Inventory (NRI) sites in the Central United States (the Corn Belt, Lake States, and Northern Plains). This modeling system integrates the effects of soils, climate, crops, and management practices on several environmental indicators including nitrate runoff and leaching, pesticide runoff and leaching, water and wind erosion, and soil organic carbon. RAPS can be used to provide timely information on the nation's environmental health as it is impacted by agriculture and by changes in agricultural and resource policies.
Bionomics of the Tomato Russet Mite, Vasates lycopersici (Massee)

The effects of temperature, light, and humidity upon the life cycle and biotic potential were studied under laboratory conditions. High humidity retarded development of the mite at high temperatures, but favored it at low temperatures. The shortest life cycle observed was completed in 6 days at 80° F. and 30% r.h. One female laid 53 eggs in a 41-day period at 70° F. and 90% r.h. Temperatures that fluctuated about a mean retarded development in comparison with results obtained under a constant mean temperature. Photoperiod apparently bad little effect on mite development. In host range studies the russet mite was found capable of reproducing on plants belonging to a number of solanaceous genera, as well as on field bindweed, Convolvulus arvensis , and 14 new hosts were added to the previously known host list. Symptoms of mite damage were noted on a number of hosts in the seedling stage.
Osmotic activity of dimethyl sulfoxide in the renal distal tubule

Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) is a dipolar organic solvent that has received widespread publicity as a possible topical analgesic [II and has also been used with increasing frequency as a solvent to dissolve hydrophobic drugs prior to their use in biological systems [2, 31. Because it penetrates biological membranes rapidly, some investigators have stated that DMSO is not osmotically active in the kidney [2, 41. However, we are not aware of any systematic investigation of the effects of DMSO on water transport by kidney tubules. Recently, in beginning a study of the effects of a rather insoluble diuretic on electrolyte transport in the renal distal tubule, we used DMSO to dissolve the drug in aqueous perfusion solutions. In these experiments, we observed changes in net volume fluxes that depended on the concentration of DMSO in the perfusion solutions. Because it would be important to know whether DMSO can exert osmotic effects when it is used as a vehicle in experimental studies, and because of the continued use of intravenous DMSO in a variety of clinical settings, the present experiments were conducted to determine whether DMSO is osmotically active and whether it affects volume fluxes in the distal tubule of the rat. Methods. Experiments were performed on 200 to 340 g Sprague-Dawley rats (Harlan Sprague-Dawley, Indianapolis, Indiana) that were allowed free access to commercial rat chow (Ralston Purina, St. Louis, Missouri) and tap water up to the time of the experiment. The rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 100 to 110 mg/kg body weight thiobutabarbital (mactin, Byk-Gulden, Konstanz, Federal Repubic of Germany). A salt solution (140 mrvi NaCI, 4 mM KCI) was infused at 10 mi/hr/kg of body wt. The left kidney was exposed through a flank incision and was prepared for micropuncture as described previously [5]. When two distal segments belonging to one nephron were found at the kidney surface, a pipette filled with an artificial solution and connected to a microperfusion pump was placed in the upstream segment. The last surface proximal segment was blocked with castor oil and a complete timed collection of fluid from the downstream segment of the distal tubule was accomplished using a pipette filled with stained (Sudan Black) mineral oil as described previously [5, 61. It was frequently possible subsequently to insert a second collection pipette at the same collection site and, after removing the first perfusion pipette, to insert a pipette filled with a different perfusion solution. Two collections were obtained from the same nephron segment in this manner in 48 cases. Latex casts were made of 14 nephrons. The mean length of the perfused segments was 1.3 0.05 mm and the mean length
Some Concepts of Social Case Work. III

It is possible to mention only a few of the more obvious conclusions reached in this study. First-Many transients are criminal and social recidivists of long standing. They need skilful diagnosis and long-time treatment based on realities and facts. Fingerprint records are a valuable source of social data and should not be ignored in planning treatment. Second-Fingerprinting is a simple, cheap, infallible method of identification. It defeats fraud and protects the innocent. It should be used to help persons unjustly accused of crime in places where they are not known and also to provide their families with a resource in cases of sudden death and injury. Third-FBI records show that transients travel vast distances, cross and re-cross state lines, wander about for years. Many do not give their real names to social agencies nor do they always have or disclose a legal settlement. Transients need much study and care which should be given at Federal expense; if necessary men should be required to remain under care long enough to be benefited. At present records and care should be centralized. Fourth-Transients who come to Richmond, Richmond men who are transients in other cities-sometimes in Richmondare all the result of complex personal and social conditions, needing more study, correlation, research. A social case worker should approach the problem of transiency with an open mind, as anxious to safeguard the public interest as to shield the individual client.
Application of CWDM in power communication

WDM especially DWDM is widely used in long haul network because it can ext remely expand the band,however in short haul area CWDM is paid attention to be cause its properties.In order to upgrade the power communication network,the p rinciple and equipment features of CWDM are shown in this paper,and the sugges tion of expanding the network band by CWDM at lower cost is also given.
Technological Advances in Endovascular Surgery

The twentieth century witnessed a tremendous explosion in the application of minimally invasive, catheter-based interventions in virtually all vascular bed territories, surpassing the number of performed open surgical cases by the end of that time period. This fact allowed a greater number of patients to be candidates for potentially life-saving surgical interventions, many of whom could not have tolerated the superior stresses of an open surgical procedure. The development of such technological advances that can provide significant benefits to our patients does require the participation of both industry and physicians; neither group by themselves could achieve these goals in isolation. Such cooperation is a new paradigm, first tested during the development of laparoscopy in the general surgery specialty and clearly expanded in vascular surgery. Whereas no major technological advances have been reported during the beginning of the twenty-first century in open vascular surgery techniques, major improvements in the endovascular arena have been described, from the technological and technical points of view. This chapter is a concise review of the most recent and important techniques and device developments involved in vascular interventions.
Unique Abnormalities in Right Ventricular Longitudinal Strain in Systemic Sclerosis Patients.

Background— Cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma [SSc]) adversely affects long-term prognosis, often remaining undetectable despite close clinical examination and 2-dimensional echocardiographic monitoring. Speckle-derived strain of the right ventricle (RV) was utilized to detect occult abnormalities in regional and global contractility in SSc patients. Methods and Results— A total of 138 SSc patients with technically adequate echocardiograms was studied and compared with 40 age- and sex-matched healthy non-SSc controls. Standard assessment of RV chamber function included tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and fractional area change. RV longitudinal systolic speckle-derived strain was assessed in the basal, mid, and apical free wall. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion was not different between groups ( P =0.307). Although fractional area change was lower in SSc patients than in controls (mean, 48.9 versus 55; P =0.002), the mean fractional area change was still within the normal range (>35). In contrast, RV longitudinal systolic speckle-derived strain measures were significantly different between groups, both globally (−20.4% versus −17.7%; P =0.005) and regionally: they were decreased in the apex (−8.5% versus −17.1%; P <0.0001) and mid segments (−12.4% versus -20.9%; P <0.0001), and increased in the base (−32.2% versus −23.3%; P =0.0001) for the SSc group. The regional difference in the base compared with the apex was significantly greater for SSc than for controls ( P <0.0001 for interaction). The differences observed in regional strain between SSc and control were unchanged after adjusting for RV systolic pressure. Conclusions— Speckle-derived strain reveals a heterogenous pattern of regional heart strain in SSc that is not detected by conventional measures of function, suggestive of occult RV myocardial disease.
PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF IRON AND POTASSIUM AT LOWER-MANTLE AND CORE PRESSURES

Abstract The effect of pressure on the electronic band structure and density of face-centered cubic iron has been calculated via the Augmented Plane Wave method. The results indicate that, at core pressures, the electronic structure of iron is very similar to that at surface conditions. The postulated electronic transition does not occur until fourfold compression. The calculated equation of state is consistent with the latest seismic inner core models and predicts a Gruneisen ratio of 1.8 ± 0.4 and a temperature of 5500 ± 500°K with an adiabatic gradient. A similar calculation for body-centered cubic potassium shows that the latter undergoes a series of electronic transitions which transfers it into a typical transition metal at pressures as low as 300 kbar (at 0°k). In addition, the collapses in volume which accompany these transitions further decrease the ionic size of potassium which, due to a large compressibility, decreases very rapidly with pressure. These results show that low-pressure experiments on the miscibility of potassium in iron melts are not relevant to the problem of the apparent depletion of K in the earth. In fact, at pressures as low as 500 kbar, potassium should be compatible with iron to the extent that it might substitute for the latter in certain alloys.
Mobile Agents for Distributed Information Retrieval

A mobile agent is an executing program that can migrate during execution from machine to machine in a heterogeneous network. On each machine, the agent interacts with stationary service agents and other resources to accomplish its task. Mobile agents are particularly attractive in distributed information-retrieval applications. By moving to the location of an information resource, the agent can search the resource locally, eliminating the transfer of intermediate results across the network and reducing end-to-end latency. In this chapter, we first discuss the strengths of mobile agents, and argue that although none of these strengths are unique to mobile agents, no competing technique shares all of them. Next, after surveying several representative mobile-agent systems, we examine one specific information-retrieval application, searching distributed collections of technical reports, and consider how mobile agents can be used to implement this application efficiently and easily. Then we spend the bulk of the chapter describing two planning services that allow mobile agents to deal with dynamic network environments and information resources: (1) planning algorithms that let an agent choose the best migration path through the network, given its current task and the current network conditions, and (2) planning algorithms that tell an agent how to observe a changing set of documents in a way that detects changes as soon as possible while minimizing overhead. Finally, we consider the types of errors that can occur when information from multiple sources is merged and filtered, and argue that the structure of a mobile-agent application determines the extent to which these errors affect the final result.
Regulation of proinflammatory genes by the circulating microRNA hsa-miR-939

Circulating microRNAs are beneficial biomarkers because of their stability and dysregulation in diseases. Here we sought to determine the role of miR-939, a miRNA downregulated in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Hsa-miR-939 is predicted to target several proinflammatory genes, including IL-6, VEGFA, TNFα, NFκB2, and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2A). Binding of miR-939 to the 3′ untranslated region of these genes was confirmed by reporter assay. Overexpression of miR-939 in vitro resulted in reduction of IL-6, NOS2A and NFκB2 mRNAs, IL-6, VEGFA, and NOS2 proteins and NFκB activation. We observed a significant decrease in the NOS substrate l-arginine in plasma from CRPS patients, suggesting reduced miR-939 levels may contribute to an increase in endogenous NOS2A levels and NO, and thereby to pain and inflammation. Pathway analysis showed that miR-939 represents a critical regulatory node in a network of inflammatory mediators. Collectively, our data suggest that miR-939 may regulate multiple proinflammatory genes and that downregulation of miR-939 in CRPS patients may increase expression of these genes, resulting in amplification of the inflammatory pain signal transduction cascade. Circulating miRNAs may function as crucial signaling nodes, and small changes in miRNA levels may influence target gene expression and thus disease.
The Logical and the Extra-Logical

1. Medieval logicians called words like ‘every’, ‘not’, ‘is’ and’ some’ “syncategorematic.” Today, such words — along with propositional constants such as ‘and’, ‘if…then’ and ‘or’ — are referred to as logical or formative signs in contrast to extra-logical or descriptive signs.
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Microscopy of Kidney Preservation

Cellular swelling, due principally to the influx of sodium and water, has long been recognized as a cause of tissue injury during prolonged storage of transplantable kidneys [1]. Reliable storage for up to 48 h was made possible through the use of hyperosmotic solutions with intracellular electrolyte composition and glucose (EuroCollins solution). Improved function in the early postoperative period appears to have been achieved by incorporating osmotic agents that are more effective cellular impermeants (Belzer’s solution).
AI-Supported Messaging: An Investigation of Human-Human Text Conversation with AI Support

Despite a growing body of research about the design and use of conversational agents, existing work has almost exclusively focused on interactions between an agent and a human. Less is known about how an agent is perceived and used during human-human conversation. We compared conversations between dyads using AI-assisted and standard messaging apps and elicited qualitative feedback from users of the AI-assisted messaging app through interviews. We find discrepancies between the AI assistant's suggestions and the conversational content, which is also reflected in participant interviews. Our results are used to suggest some areas for improvement and future work in AI-assisted communication.
The psychology of uncertainty in Senecan tragedy.

Since the publication of Regenbogen's influential monograph, Schmerz und Tod in den Tragodien Senecas} it has been recognized that the emphatic depiction of emotion, which distinguishes Senecan tragedy from Greek tragedy of the Classical period, is vitally connected with Seneca's Stoic world-view. Several studies have shown that the passionate characters of Senecan tragedy, in whom the absence of ratio or reason constitutes vice according to the Stoic view,2 act as cautionary exempla for the instructive warning of their audience.3 Little attention, however, has been given to two aspects of Seneca's Affekldramen: firstly, their conspicuous emphasis on uncertainty; secondly, the formal methods by which the psychological dimension of Senecan characters is rendered exemplary. In what follows, I wish to address these two aspects by examining the psychology of uncertainty in conjunction with the formal means of its depiction through description. By means of frequent and lengthy descriptions placed in the mouths of his characters, Seneca gives psychology—the portrayal of states of mind and emotion—an emphasis and importance in his tragedies which it does not have in those of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides.4 As a result of the
Assessing a combined theories approach to climate change communication

Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the Climate Commons, Demography, Population, and Ecology Commons, Environmental Health and Protection Commons, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment Commons, Mass Communication Commons, Politics and Social Change Commons, Psychology Commons, and the Social Influence and Political Communication Commons
1.5 Offers of Proof

This article discusses when offers of proof are required and the different methods by which they may be made. It discusses the requirement that they be made outside the jury’s presence and that repeating offers are often unnecessary.
Breast cancer deaths averted over 3 decades

Background From 1975 to 1990, female breast cancer mortality rates in the United States increased by 0.4% per year. Since 1990, breast cancer mortality rates have fallen between 1.8% and 3.4% per year, a decrease that is attributed to increased mammography screening and improved treatment. Methods The authors used age-adjusted female breast cancer mortality rate and population data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program to estimate the number of breast cancer deaths averted by screening mammography and improved treatment since 1989. Four different assumptions regarding background mortality rates (in the absence of screening mammography and improved treatment) were used to estimate deaths averted for women aged 40 to 84 years by taking the difference between SEER-reported mortality rates and background mortality rates for each 5-year age group, multiplied by the population for each 5-year age group. SEER data were used to estimate annual and cumulative breast cancer deaths averted in 2012 and 2015 and extrapolated SEER data were used to estimate deaths averted in 2018. Results The number of single-year breast cancer deaths averted ranged from 20,860 to 33,842 in 2012, from 23,703 to 39,415 in 2015, and from 27,083 to 45,726 in 2018. Breast cancer mortality reductions ranged from 38.6% to 50.5% in 2012, from 41.5% to 54.2% in 2015, and from 45.3% to 58.3% in 2018. Cumulative breast cancer deaths averted since 1989 ranged from 237,234 to 370,402 in 2012, from 305,934 to 483,435 in 2015, and from 384,046 to 614,484 in 2018. Conclusions Since 1989, between 384,000 and 614,500 breast cancer deaths have been averted through the use of mammography screening and improved treatment.
Parent and child perspectives on perceived barriers to child sun protection and their association with sun protection strategies among children of melanoma survivors

Background/objectives Children with an elevated familial risk for melanoma inconsistently implement sun protection behaviors that could mitigate their melanoma risk. Little is known about perceived barriers to child sun protection among this at-risk group and their parents, and the extent to which perceived barriers are associated with child sun protection. The goal of this study was to examine, among children with a family history of melanoma, the frequency with which children and their parents reported barriers to child sun protection and the extent to which barriers were associated with reported use of sun protection among children. Methods Children with a family history of melanoma and their parents completed questionnaires assessing perceived barriers and reported child use of sun protection. Results Common barriers to child sun protection included being bothered by implementing the behavior or forgetting. A greater number of perceived barriers were associated with less frequent child use of sunscreen, long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and shade. Conclusions Children at elevated risk for melanoma due to a family history of the disease and their parents perceive multiple barriers to sun protection that are associated with children's use of these melanoma preventive behaviors. Sun protection interventions for this at-risk population could provide families with specific strategies to address common barriers to implementing child sun protection.
A Nation within a Nation: Voices of the Oneidas in Wisconsin

Review of: "A Nation within a Nation: Voices of the Oneidas in Wisconsin," edited by L. Gordon McLester III and Laurence M. Hauptman.
End-of-Life Nursing and Education Consortium Communication Curriculum for Interdisciplinary Palliative Care Teams.

Abstract Background: Expert communication skills are essential for the delivery of effective palliative care across the domains of care. However, few health care providers receive formal communicat...
The public relations paradox of erasure: Damnatio memoriae as public relations strategy and tactic

Abstract Public relations scholars study how organizations co-create meaning with engaged stakeholders. Not well understood is how and why such co-creation modifies shared meaning, amplifies change, and even “erases” some piece of memory from the public record with the purpose of redirecting and redefining societal narratives. To help establish erasure as a concept for studying public relations, we draw from Freud’s theory of memory to establish a foundation upon which to critique strategic erasure. We adapt Freud’s theory of memory into the intersecting critique of visual rhetoric as public relations by analyzing, via narrative inquiry, remnants of Imperial Rome that have been modified, amplified, but even erased to present Rome’s modern identity. For centuries, even during Imperial Rome, leaders practiced damnatio memoriae —a modern Latin phrase that means “condemnation of memory.” We use this concept to interrogate the public relations identity process Rome’s leaders have used to modify for emphasis and even obliterate Roman elites’ names and images from the texts of public records by destroying, mutilating and modifying statues and monuments as a means for co-creating new public memory. Such analysis reveals how damnatio memoriae helps elites to redefine the “memory” of the Eternal City.
Characteristics of persons who die on their first suicide attempt: results from the National Violent Death Reporting System.

BackgroundMuch of suicide research focuses on suicide attempt (SA) survivors. Given that more than half of the suicide decedent population dies on their first attempt, this means a significant proportion of the population that dies by suicide is overlooked in research. Little is known about persons who die by suicide on their first attempt–and characterizing this understudied population may improve efforts to identify more individuals at risk for suicide.MethodsData were derived from the National Violent Death Reporting System, from 2005 to 2013. Suicide cases were included if they were 18–89 years old, with a known circumstance leading to their death based on law enforcement and/or medical examiner reports. Decedents with and without a history of SA were compared on demographic, clinical, and suicide characteristics, and circumstances that contributed to their suicide.ResultsA total of 73 490 cases met criteria, and 57 920 (79%) died on their first SA. First attempt decedents were more likely to be male, married, African-American, and over 64. Demographic-adjusted models showed that first attempt decedents were more likely to use highly lethal methods, less likely to have a known mental health problem or to have disclosed their intent to others, and more likely to die in the context of physical health or criminal/legal problem.ConclusionsFirst attempt suicide decedents are demographically different from decedents with a history of SA, are more likely to use lethal methods and are more likely to die in the context of specific stressful life circumstances.
Gender Identity and Nihilism: Some Anthropological Implications of Recent Caselaw

The gender identity movement has had tremendous success reshaping American law, especially in the last few years. This article discusses both the reasons for and implications of this success. In particular, it clarifies how the changing legal treatment of sexuality has reshaped our understanding, not only of sexuality, but of the human person and the social order as a whole, by closely examining some of the philosophical and anthropological presuppositions and implications of reconceiving the meaning of sex. It traces the history of the concepts of gender and gender identity in the work of John Money and Robert Stoller as well as the influence of their conceptual framework on law, as made apparent in recent court decisions. The article concludes that legal rationality’s tendency toward nominalism and reductivism implies a metaphysics and epistemology that cannot support a holistic and organic understanding of sexuality and its relationship to subjectivity and human community. In effect, American legal discourse finds itself without a rational framework for understanding these basic and vital human realities, despite their empirically and universally obvious importance. The article traces the larger philosophical context of legal rationality’s epistemological blindness. It asks whether the success of the movement might not be, in part, an effect of the form of legal rationality dominant in American law today.
Monitoring ICU Mortality Risk with A Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network.

In intensive care units (ICU), mortality prediction is a critical factor not only for effective medical intervention but also for allocation of clinical resources. Structured electronic health records (EHR) contain valuable information for assessing mortality risk in ICU patients, but current mortality prediction models usually require laborious human-engineered features. Furthermore, substantial missing data in EHR is a common problem for both the construction and implementation of a prediction model. Inspired by language-related models, we design a new framework for dynamic monitoring of patients’ mortality risk. Our framework uses the bag-of-words representation for all relevant medical events based on most recent history as inputs. By design, it is robust to missing data in EHR and can be easily implemented as an instant scoring system to monitor the medical development of all ICU patients. Specifically, our model uses latent semantic analysis (LSA) to encode the patients’ states into low-dimensional embeddings, which are further fed to long short-term memory networks for mortality risk prediction. Our results show that the deep learning based framework performs better than the existing severity scoring system, SAPS-II. We observe that bidirectional long short-term memory demonstrates superior performance, probably due to the successful capture of both forward and backward temporal dependencies.
A 4-MHz, 256-Channel Readout ASIC for Column-Parallel CCDs With 78.7-dB Dynamic Range

A 256-channel readout application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) called the very low-noise analog sampling engine (VASE) intended for the readout of column-parallel charge-coupled devices (CP-CCDs), is presented. Each channel uses a charge-sensitive amplifier and a first-order dual-gain sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that act as the front end of an extended counting ADC. The extended counting ADC directly implements correlated multiple-sampling as part of its operation. To reduce the noise due to input capacitance and to ensure a compact camera, the VASE input bonding pads are pitch matched to the CP-CCD to allow chip-to-chip bonding with minimal parasitic capacitance. The chip is designed in a modular way with each 16 input channels sharing a single differential analog output and digital serializer. VASE, with a die area of 38.1 mm2 and fabricated in 180-nm CMOS technology, achieves 22 e− equivalent noise charge (ENC) and a dynamic range of 190 ke− (78.7 dB) at a 4-MHz pixel rate (corresponding to a frame rate of 32 kfps when a $256\times256$ pixel sensor is read out on both sides) while dissipating 10.1 mW per channel. The prototype has been used to successfully image X-ray diffraction at a soft X-ray synchrotron.
Relapse in anxiety disorders

Because the risk of relapse is high in anxiety disorders, it is important to bear in mind long-term prospects when making treatment decisions. This means that patients may need 'booster' treatment or continuous antidepressant medication to achieve long-term positive outcomes. Preparing a patient for a possible relapse in the end phase of a successful treatment, especially when there is a desire to discontinue the use of antidepressants, or timely intervention in case of an actual relapse episode is crucial to prevent recurrence of the anxiety disorder.
396 Predictive factors of survival and recurrence in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer after complete cytoreductive surgery: series of 185 patients

Objectives to determine predictive factors of better survival and delayed recurrence in patients operated on for epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods we reviewed retrospectively all the data of 184 patients receiving complete cytoreductive surgery, whether as primary or interval debulking between January 2005 and ocotber 2019 at Hotel-Dieu de France University Hospital. Results Median age at surgery was 56 years. 41,8% benefited from a primary cytoreductive surgery while 42,9% of patients received their surgery after a neoadjuvant chemotherapy. 74% of patients were in stage III. High-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer was the most encountered histology (69%). Bowel resection and upper abdominal surgery was needed in 46% and 39,1% of cases, respectively. Survival rate was 66% (122 out of 184 patients). No recurrence was noted in 53,8% of cases and 74,7% of recurrences occurred after 12 months. According to cox regression test, better survival was significantly correlated to younger age ( Conclusion Negative lymph node status, LNR
Arbitration between the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Slovenia: A Case Summary

This case summary was prepared as part of the U.S.-Asia Law Institute’s Maritime Dispute Resolution Project. The purpose of this project is better understand the circumstances in which interstate maritime disputes are successfully resolved and distill lessons for governments. The two main questions the project seeks to answer are: (1) When are international institutional dispute resolution mechanisms effective in resolving maritime disputes? (2) What insights can be applied to the maritime disputes in East Asia? This arbitration case concerns a territorial and maritime dispute between the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Slovenia, two neighboring states that are located geographically in central Europe along the northeastern shores of the Adriatic Sea. This dispute originated when each of them declared their independence from the Socialist Federated Republic of Yugoslavia on June 21, 1991. As Croatia and Slovenia became sovereign states, questions arose as to what should be their land boundary, how the territorial sea should be allocated between them, and whether the “sea-locked” Slovenia should have any transit rights through Croatia’s territorial sea to access the non-territorial seas of the southern portion of the Adriatic Sea and the greater Mediterranean Sea. This case provides several lessons for the successful resolution of maritime disputes. First, the resolution of a maritime dispute via international arbitration can be a long and winding road, but that circuitous process is not necessarily bad. Second, the terms of an arbitration agreement are critical for setting the tribunal and the parties up for success. Third, misconduct by one party to an international maritime dispute can quickly unravel any success of a cooperative effort by both parties to utilize a third-party mechanism for resolving that dispute. Fourth, the implementation of a binding arbitration ruling can involve a party or the parties utilizing creative means to leverage available elements of the rules-based international system.
The Influences of the Family

(1980). The Influences of the Family. School Psychology Review: Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 298-311.
Diffusion of Knotted DNA Molecules in Nanochannels in the Extended de Gennes Regime

We study the diffusion of T4 GT7 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules confined in nanochannels with an effective size of 307 nm before and after knot formation. The measured DNA chain diffusivity is 0.0243 ± 0.0009 μm²/s for unknotted DNA molecules and 0.014 ± 0.001 μm²/s for the DNA molecules that contain knots with an estimated knot contour length of 9 ± 2 μm. The reduced diffusivity in the presence of large knots indicates that the DNA–wall friction, rather than the shortening of the nondraining molecule, dominates the friction of knotted DNA in the extended de Gennes regime of nanochannel confinement.