cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parents' and Adolescents' Attitudes about Parental Involvement in Clinical Research

Abstract Study Objective To understand parent and adolescent attitudes toward parental involvement during clinical trials and factors related to those attitudes. Design As part of a study on willingness to participate in a hypothetical microbicide study, adolescents and their parents were interviewed separately. Setting Adolescent medicine clinics in New York City. Participants There were 301 dyads of adolescents (ages 14-17 years; 62% female; 72% Hispanic) and their parents. Interventions None. Main Outcome Measures The interview included questions on demographic characteristics, sexual history, and family environment (subscales of the Family Environment Scale) that were associated with attitudes about parental involvement. Results Factor analysis of the parental involvement scale yielded 2 factors: LEARN, reflecting gaining knowledge about study test results and behaviors (4 items) and PROCEDURE, reflecting enrollment and permissions (4 items). Adolescents endorsed significantly fewer items on the LEARN scale and the PROCEDURE scale indicating that adolescents believed in less parental involvement. There was no significant concordance between adolescents and their own parents on the LEARN scale and the PROCEDURE scale. In final multivariate models predicting attitudes, adolescents who were female and had sexual contact beyond kissing, and non-Hispanic parents had lower LEARN scores. Adolescents who were older, had previous research experience, and reported less moral or religious emphasis in their family had lower PROCEDURE scores; there were no significant predictors for parents in the multivariate analyses. Conclusion Parents wanted greater involvement in the research process than adolescents. Recruitment and retention might be enhanced by managing these differing expectations.
Liang Shuming: A Lifelong Activist

“I am not purely a thinker. I am a practioner. I am someone who goes all out to do things. I’ve been in action for all that I am worth my whole life.” (Liang Shuming, address before the Academy of Chinese Culture, “Conference on the Academic Thought of Liang Shuming,” November 1987. This was his last public appearance before his death.)
Topology and Social Choice

In this chapter we apply earlier results to the study of social choice and modelling elections. In Chap. 3 we showed the Nakamura Theorem. that a social choice could be guaranteed as long as the dimension of the space did not exceed k(σ)=2. We now consider what can happen in dimension above k(σ)=1. We then go on to consider “probabilistic” social choice, where there is some uncertainty over voters’ preferences, by constructing an empirical model of the 2008 U.S. presidential election.
The Interests Common to Us All

As the trials of Anna Colonna suggested, life in a Roman aristocratic family could pose dilemmas for its women and men. While ostensibly under the direction of the highest-ranking cleric of their families, such dynasties were also (by necessity) populated by brothers who married and generated the continuation of the lineage. Relations between brothers could be tense, exacerbated in the seventeenth century by the pressures of economic difficulty and the necessity of conspicuous consumption in a society crowded with many micro-courts of power, with ancient families anxious to bolster their prestige, and with newcomers bent on advancing their fledgling status. In a city run by a theocracy and open to newcomers, the bifurcated structure of Roman families promoted dynastic success but family members could not escape the dilemmas of such arrangements. Who had the final say in a family organized along these lines? And what were the other family members to do with their resentments toward those who governed the bifurcated Roman aristocratic dynasty?
An AlN/Al0.85Ga0.15N high electron mobility transistor

An AlN barrier high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) based on the AlN/Al0.85Ga0.15N heterostructure was grown, fabricated, and electrically characterized, thereby extending the range of Al composition and bandgap for AlGaN channel HEMTs. An etch and regrowth procedure was implemented for source and drain contact formation. A breakdown voltage of 810 V was achieved without a gate insulator or field plate. Excellent gate leakage characteristics enabled a high Ion/Ioff current ratio greater than 107 and an excellent subthreshold slope of 75 mV/decade. A large Schottky barrier height of 1.74 eV contributed to these results. The room temperature voltage-dependent 3-terminal off-state drain current was adequately modeled with Frenkel-Poole emission.
Heart Muscle Tissue Engineering

In this chapter, we present current state of the art in heart muscle tissue engineering. The field of heart muscle tissue engineering, or simply cardiac tissue engineering as it is commonly referred to, is focused on the fabrication of 3D artificial heart muscle. We start this chapter with a brief description of the potential clinical applications of 3D heart muscle as a patch to augment, repair and/or replace left ventricular function in infarcted hearts. We then describe the steps involved in the fabrication of 3D heart muscle. With this background in place, we present six different case studies that showcase different technological platforms to support the fabrication of 3D heart muscle. The six case studies have been carefully selected to highlight many facets of cardiac tissue engineering and are based on completely different technologies to bioengineer 3D heart muscle. The first case study describes a novel method to fabricate 3D heart muscle by the self-organization of primary cells in the absence of any synthetic scaffolding. The second case study is based on polymeric scaffolds to support formation of 3D heart muscle tissue. The third case study illustrates the use of acellular grafts to bioengineer 3D heart muscle. The fourth case study is based on magnetic levitation technology to fabricate 3D heart muscle in the absence of any synthetic scaffolding. The fifth case study illustrates the use of biodegradable hydrogels to bioengineer 3D heart muscle. The fifth and final case study describes a very novel model to fabricate vascularized 3D heart muscle using an in vivo culture environment. These six case studies have been carefully prepared to summarize the current state of the art in the field of heart muscle tissue engineering. After a detailed description of the case studies, we end by illustrating how different technological elements from each of the six case studies can be coupled to develop complete novel strategies to bioengineer functional 3D heart muscle.
Laboratory Measures of Aggression in Methadone Patients Pre- and Postdose

Studies with humans have shown that acute opioid administration increases aggressive behavior, but no laboratory study has yet investigated whether opioid withdrawal produces comparable effects. This study investigated whether mild opioid deprivation affected aggression in 6 males and 6 females (N = 12) undergoing methadone maintenance therapy. Aggressive behavior was measured using the point subtraction aggression paradigm (PSAP). Trait aggression was assessed using the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Behavior on the PSAP and mood ratings on the Profile of Mood States questionnaire (POMS) were measured on two separate days; once before and once following the participant’s daily methadone dose, with order counterbalanced across participants. There were no effects of opioid withdrawal on aggressive responding, control response rates, monetary reinforced responding, or self-reports of mood. Rates of responding on the monetary-reinforced option increased across sessions regardless of condition, suggesting an exposure effect. These data suggest that mild opioid deprivation occurring 24 hours following methadone administration in individuals undergoing methadone maintenance therapy does not increase aggression, at least in individuals showing low levels of aggressive behavior and low measures of trait aggression. Because participants reported no mood changes and there were no direct measures of withdrawal, it is possible that 24 hours of methadone deprivation produced no withdrawal in these participants. It remains to be determined whether more prolonged deprivation might generate more significant changes in mood and/or changes in aggressive behavior.
Federal Common Law: Judicially Established Effluent Standards as a Remedy in Federal Nuisance Actions

A novel remedy for handling water pollution problems as a public nuisance resulted when the Supreme Court decided in Illinois v. City of Milwaukee that such cases can be heard in Federal courts. The standards for nuisance claims based on Federal laws are examined in the context of the Milwaukee decision and other court cases. The Court found that the use of Federal law is appropriate because of Federal interest in maintaining interstate water quality. A district court's decision that Milwaukee must meet effluent standards of Illinois is consistent with this premise. The sovereign rights of states are upheld and the same requirements must be met by Wisconsin. The ruling does not weaken the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.
Analisi alle Componenti Principali

L’analisi alle componenti principali (Principal Component Analysis, PCA) ([55]) e un metodo per analizzare e identificare delle configurazioni caratteristiche nei dati ed esprimerli in modo tale da evidenziarne le similarita e le differenze. Poiche puo essere difficile trovare delle configurazioni caratteristiche nei dati, la PCA e uno strumento di analisi potente. Un altro vantaggio della PCA, una volta che sono state trovate le configurazioni caratteristiche, e quello di fare delle compressioni e quindi ridurre il numero dei dati senza perdere informazioni. Il metodo trova le configurazioni spaziali della variabilita, le loro variazioni temporali a da una misura dell’importanza di ciascuna configurazione. E necessario chiarire che anche se il metodo seleziona i dati in mode di variabilita queste mode sono mode dei dati e non necessariamente delle mode fisiche che invece sono soggetti a interpretazione. Per esaminare la variabilita accoppiata di due campi si usa il metodo SVD la cui analisi identifica solo quelle mode di comportamento in cui le variazione dei due campi sono fortemente accoppianti. In letteratura il metodo PCA viene anche chiamato metodo EOF (Empirical Orthogonal Function). I metodi di analisi sono basati essenzialmente sul calcolo matriciale.
CREB overexpression in dorsal CA1 ameliorates long-term memory deficits in aged rats

The molecular mechanisms underlying age-related cognitive deficits are not yet fully elucidated. In aged animals, a decrease in the intrinsic excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons is believed to contribute to age-related cognitive impairments. Increasing activity of the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in young adult rodents facilitates cognition, and increases intrinsic excitability. However, it has yet to be tested if increasing CREB expression also ameliorates age-related behavioral and biophysical deficits. To test this hypothesis, we virally overexpressed CREB in CA1 of dorsal hippocampus. Rats received CREB or control virus, before undergoing water maze training. CREB overexpression in aged animals ameliorated the long-term memory deficits observed in control animals. Concurrently, cells overexpressing CREB in aged animals had reduced post-burst afterhyperpolarizations, indicative of increased intrinsic excitability. These results identify CREB modulation as a potential therapy to treat age-related cognitive decline.
Competition between similar invasive species: modeling invasional interference across a landscape

As the number of biological invasions increases, interactions between different invasive species will become increasingly important. Several studies have examined facilitative invader–invader interactions, potentially leading to invasional meltdown. However, if invader interactions are negative, invasional interference may lead to lower invader abundance and spread. To explore this possibility, we develop models of two competing invaders. A landscape simulation model examines the patterns created by two such species invading into the same region. We then apply the model to a case study of Carduus nutans L. and C. acanthoides L., two economically important invasive weeds that exhibit a spatially segregated distribution in central Pennsylvania, USA. The results of these spatially-explicit models are generally consistent with the results of classic Lotka–Volterra competition models, with widespread coexistence predicted if interspecific effects are weaker than intraspecific effects for both species. However, spatial segregation of the two species (with lower net densities and no further spread) may arise, particularly when interspecific competition is stronger than intraspecific competition. A moving area of overlap may result when one species is a superior competitor. In the Carduus system, our model suggests that invasional interference will lead to lower levels of each species when together, but a similar net level of thistle invasion due to the similarity of intra- and interspecific competition. Thus, invasional interference may have important implications for the distribution and management of invasive species.
Harnessing the Action of Fibroblast Growth Factor21 as a Therapeutic Agent

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 has received considerable attention over the past decade. This protein belongs to the FGF-19 subfamily and functions primarily as an autocrine/paracrine hormone. FGF-21 requires a co-factor, βKlotho, for its activity; and interactions with tissue-specific fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) subtypes result in a diverse set of signaling. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current status of FGF-21 therapeutic development. FGF-21 has the potential to treat obesity and accompanying comorbidities through its effects on various metabolic parameters. Strategies to improve the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of this protein include enchanced stability, PEGylation, use of fusion proteins, and antibody development. Several preclinical studies have evaluated these strategies, and strengths and weaknesses have been identified. To date, βKlotho-independent strategies have resulted in hypophosphatemia, hinting at the potential for skeletal toxicity. Two small human studies have evaluated FGF-21 variants. While the results were favorable including a reduction in body weight and improved lipid values, glucose concentrations were not significantly reduced. FGF-21 has significant potential as a therapeutic target. One of the challenges with harnessing the potential of FGF-21 as a therapeutic agent is the short half-life of its native form. In addition, FGFRs are widespread throughout the body, and significant off-target effects are possible; therefore, FGF-21 development should proceed with cautious enthusiasm.
Client Safety and Telepractice in a Clinic or Home Setting

Telepractice is an exciting addition to the arsenal of speech-language pathologists for delivering services. Efficacy data continues to emerge proving the benefit of using available technology to p...
Amygdala-frontal connectivity predicts internalizing symptom recovery among inpatient adolescents

Abstract Background The possibility of using biological measures to predict the trajectory of symptoms among adolescent psychiatric inpatients has important implications. This study aimed to examine emotion regulation ability (measured via self-report) and a hypothesized proxy in resting-state functional connectivity [RSFC] between the amygdala and frontal brain regions as baseline predictors of internalizing symptom recovery during inpatient care. Methods 196 adolescents (61% female; M age = 15.20; SD = 1.48) completed the Achenbach Brief Problem Monitor (BPM) each week during their inpatient care. RSFC ( n = 45) and self-report data of emotion regulation ( n = 196) were collected at baseline. Results The average internalizing symptom score at admission was high ( α 0 = 66.52), exceeding the BPM's clinical cut off score of 65. On average, internalizing symptom scores declined significantly, by 0.40 points per week ( p = 0.004). While self-reported emotion regulation was associated with admission levels of internalizing problems, it did not predict change in symptoms. RSFC between left amygdala and left superior frontal gyrus was significantly associated with the intercept—higher connectivity was associated with higher internalizing at admission—and the slope— higher connectivity was associated with a more positive slope (i.e., less decline in symptoms). RSFC between the right amygdala and the left superior frontal gyrus was significantly, positively correlated with the slope parameter. Conclusions Results indicate the potential of biologically-based measures that can be developed further for personalized care in adolescent psychiatry.
Imaging spectrometry: Aircraft and space program

Imaging spectrometry for the remote sensing of the Earth is introduced. Reflected solar energy from the surface is dispersed in a spectrometer and used to form up to 200 registered spectral images. Each pixel has associated with it sufficient information for the reconstruction of a complete reflectance spectrum. The technique allows the diagnostic narrow band spectral features that are characteristic of many surface materials to be used to identify those materials. These spectral features are typically 20 to 40 nm wide; spectral imaging systems which acquire data in contiguous 10 nm bands therefore have sufficient resolution for direct identification of those materials with diagnostic spectral bands.
The Human Lineage

Hominid fossil evidence and genetic data show that the evolution of cognitive and language capacities found in modern humans is not the result of massive mutations. Instead, since the split of the genus Pan from the genus Homo, a gradual cognitive and linguistic evolution seems to have taken place. The cranial capacity, which presumably correlates with cognitive capacity, systematically increased in the human lineage, if both special groups Homo floresiensis and H. Paranthropus are not considered. Numerous external and intrinsic factors may have triggered the cognitive evolution, whereas social factors seem to have played a significant role. It is concluded that the evolution of the biological disposition of language (BDL) co-occurred with the evolution of other cognitive capacities and is based on gradual mutations.
Usefulness of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine to Predict Outcomes After Heart Transplantation.

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a key mediator of vascular homeostasis and an independent predictor of the development of accelerated cardiac allograft vasculopathy after heart transplantation. However, its association with clinical outcomes in heart transplant recipients has not been described. Plasma levels of ADMA were assayed within 8 weeks following transplantation (baseline) using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The primary end point was the composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, retransplantation, or death at 5-year follow-up. Kaplan–Meier curves were generated to assess the association between baseline ADMA levels (stratified at 0.70 µM, a previously established cutoff) and cumulative event-free survival. Multivariate Cox regression was performed to adjust for other candidate predictors. In 69 heart transplant recipients at Stanford, the primary end point occurred in 11 patients (16%)—4 percutaneous coronary intervention, 1 retransplant, and 6 deaths—during 5-years follow-up. Patients with baseline ADMA ≥0.70 µM had lower cumulative 5-year event-free survival (77% vs 93%, p = 0.059). In multivariate Cox analysis, baseline ADMA was the only significant predictor of the primary end point (hazard ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.72 per 0.1 µM; p = 0.031). This association remained significant even after restricting the end point to death or retransplantation (hazard ratio 1.48, 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 1.97 per 0.1 µM; p = 0.006). In conclusion, elevated baseline plasma levels of ADMA independently predicted 5-year clinical outcomes after heart transplantation, suggesting that ADMA has potential prognostic value in the heart transplant arena.
Managing Environments for Collections: The Impact of International Loans on Sustainable Climate Strategies

Exhibitions in general and loans in particular still appear to be driving median and relatively tight climatic parameters for collection environments. This paper explores the impact of international loans on the adaptation of more sustainable climate control strategies. By offering a description of the complexities and (un)certainties associated with international loan policies that moves beyond the climate parameters, it explores why a more pragmatic approach to environmental control strategies is impeded. It describes how the Getty Conservation Institute’s Managing Collection Environments initiative is addressing this impasse and gives some suggestions for moving the debate forward.
Promotion of Myoblast Differentiation by Fkbp5 via Cdk4 Isomerization.

Summary Fkbp5 is a widely expressed peptidyl prolyl isomerase that serves as a molecular chaperone through conformational changes of binding partners. Although it regulates diverse protein functions, little is known about its roles in myogenesis. We found here that Fkbp5 plays critical roles in myoblast differentiation through two mechanisms. First, it sequesters Cdk4 within the Hsp90 storage complex and prevents the formation of the cyclin D1-Cdk4 complex, which is a major inhibitor of differentiation. Second, Fkbp5 promotes cis-trans isomerization of the Thr172-Pro173 peptide bond in Cdk4 and inhibits phosphorylation of Thr172, an essential step for Cdk4 activation. Consistent with these in vitro findings, muscle regeneration is delayed in Fkbp5−/− mice. The related protein Fkbp4 also sequesters Cdk4 within the Hsp90 complex but does not isomerize Cdk4 or induce Thr173 phosphorylation despite its highly similar sequence. This study demonstrates protein isomerization as a critical regulatory mechanism of myogenesis by targeting Cdk4.
Women in Business: Theory and Cases

This book combines theory, empirical research, and practical, international case studies to provide students with a comprehensive resource that demonstrates theories on gender alongside their operation in everyday workplace situations. Reeves’s new edition provides a thorough review of issues important to women in the workplace, including gender discrimination and the legal framework for equity at work. The book uses case studies to illustrate key themes and introduces several new features, including: Updated statistics on women’s participation in the workforce Updated examples of resources for women in business Two new chapters covering negotiation and influencing skills and women in STEM fields New case studies, featuring comparisons between the position of women in the United States and in other countries An instructor’s manual with advice, suggested answers to the end-of-chapter questions, and additional resources This is a one-stop resource for any student interested in gender theory and issues that affect women in the workplace.
A safe space for self-expansion: Attachment and motivation to engage and interact with the story world:

Insecure attachment places enduring limitations on one’s ability to satisfy important intrinsic needs. An increasing body of literature suggests that such barriers may motivate engagement with stor...
Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm causing massive hemoptysis in hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome: a case report

Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder defined by high serum immunoglobulin E titers that is associated with recurrent respiratory infections, formation of pneumoatoceles, recurrent skin abscesses, and characteristic dental and skeletal abnormalities. We report a case of a 56-year-old male with a history of HIES, cavitary mycetomas, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis who presented with recurrent massive hemoptysis. Bronchial artery angiography and bronchoscopy failed to identify active hemorrhage, and two embolizations of the bronchial artery did not resolve the bleeding. Subsequently, selective pulmonary artery angiography was conducted that demonstrated a subsegmental pulmonary artery branch pseudoaneurysm with extravasation into an adjacent lung cavity. This was treated successfully with transcatheter embolization. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported of pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm in HIES in the medical literature. Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with HIES and massive hemoptysis.
Hybrid hydrogels for biomedical applications.

The use of hydrogels in biomedical applications dates back multiple decades and the engineering potential of these materials continues to grow with discoveries in chemistry and biology. New approaches have led to increasing complex hydrogels that incorporate both synthetic and natural polymers and functional domains for tunable release kinetics, mediated cell response, and ultimately use in clinical and research applications in biomedical practice. This review focuses on recent advances in hybrid hydrogels that incorporate nano/microstructures, their synthesis, and applications in biomedical research. Examples discussed include the implementation of click reactions, photopatterning, and 3D printing for the facile production of these hybrid hydrogels, the use of biological molecules and motifs to promote a desired cellular outcome, and the tailoring of kinetic and transport behavior through to achieve desired biomedical outcomes. Recent progress in the field has established promising approaches for the development of biologically relevant hybrid hydrogel materials with potential applications in drug discovery, drug/gene delivery, and regenerative medicine.
Making an Antislavery Nation: Lincoln, Douglas, and the Battle over Freedom

In his penetrating new book, Making an Antislavery Nation, Graham Peck argues that the origins of the U.S. Civil War lay in the conflicting meanings of “freedom” in the North and the South. Accordi...
Compounded creams no better than placebo creams for localised chronic pain.

Commentary on: Brutcher RE, Kurihara C, Bicket MC, et al . Compounded topical pain creams to treat localized chronic pain: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 170:309–18. doi: 10.7326/M18-2736. The use of compounded topical creams for localised chronic pain has increased dramatically. The participants in this study, military personnel, are one of the populations who might benefit from this treatment as opioid therapy may have a negative effect on their judgement and motor skills. In 2015, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services spent >500 million dollars on compounded …
Digital Platforms: Theoretical Foundations of Governance Strategy

The prevailing strategy of digital platforms has been to grow-big-fast in a winner-take-all race against competitors. However, a new conundrum involving user trust in digital platforms raises signi...
Genetic Testing for Congenital Bilateral Hearing Loss in the Context of Targeted Cytomegalovirus Screening.

Objectives/hypothesis To determine the prevalence of children with genetic hearing loss who are cytomegalovirus (CMV) positive at birth and the relative proportion of genetic and CMV etiology among children with congenital bilateral hearing loss. Study design Database review. Methods We performed a review of clinical test results for patients undergoing comprehensive genetic testing for all known hearing loss-associated genes from January 2012 to January 2019. This population was reviewed for reported CMV status and genetic causes of congenital bilateral hearing loss. Results In the OtoSCOPE database, 61/4,282 patients were found to have a documented CMV status, and 661/4282 had documented bilateral congenital hearing loss. Two patients were identified who had both a positive CMV result and a genetic cause for their hearing loss. Forty-eight percent of patients with bilateral congenital hearing loss (320/661) were found to have a genetic etiology. In 62% (198/320), the hearing loss was associated with pathogenic variants in GJB2, STRC, SLC26A4 or an Usher syndrome-associated gene. Conclusions We estimate that ~2% of CMV-positive newborns with hearing loss have a known genetic variant as a cause. The subcohort of CMV-positive newborns with symmetric mild-to-moderate bilateral hearing loss will have at least a 7% chance of having pathogenic gene variants associated with hearing loss. In a CMV-positive neonate who failed their newborn hearing screen bilaterally, genetic screening needs to be considered for accurate diagnosis and possible deferment of antiviral treatment. Level of evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 130:2714-2718, 2020.
Detecting CSSLs and yield QTLs with additive, epistatic and QTL×environment interaction effects from Oryza sativa × O. nivara IRGC81832 cross

Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) are useful tools for precise mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and the evaluation of gene action and interaction in inter-specific crosses. In this study, a set of 90 back cross lines at BC2F8 generation derived from Swarna x Oryza nivara IRGC81832 was evaluated for yield traits under irrigated conditions in wet seasons of 3 consecutive years. We identified a set of 70 chromosome segment substitution lines, using genotyping data from 140 SSR markers covering 94.4% of O. nivara genome. Among these, 23 CSSLs were significantly different for 7 traits. 22 QTLs were detected for 11 traits with 6.51 to 46.77% phenotypic variation in 90 BILs. Three pleiotropic genomic regions associated with yield traits were mapped on chromosomes 1, 8 and 11. The marker interval RM206-RM144 at chromosome 11 was recurrently detected for various yield traits. Ten QTLs were identified consistently in the three consecutive years of testing. Seventeen pairs of significant epistatic QTLs (E-QTLs) were detected for days to flowering, days to maturity and plant height. Chromosome segments from O. nivara contributed trait enhancing alleles. The significantly improved lines and the stable QTLs identified in this study are valuable resource for gene discovery and yield improvement.
Pulmonary contusions in patients with rib fractures: The need to better classify a common injury.

Abstract Background Pulmonary contusions are common injuries. Computed tomography reveals vast contused lung volume spectrum, yet pulmonary contusions are defined dichotomously (unilateral vs bilateral). We assessed whether there is stepwise increased risk of pulmonary complications among patients without, with unilateral, and with bilateral pulmonary contusion. Methods We identified adults admitted with rib fractures using the largest US inpatient database. After propensity-score-matching patients without vs with unilateral vs bilateral pulmonary contusions and adjusting for residual confounders, we compared risk for pneumonia, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), respiratory failure, intubation, and mortality. Results Among 148,140 encounters of adults with multiple rib fractures, 19% had concomitant pulmonary contusions. Matched patients with pulmonary contusions had increased risk of pneumonia 19% [95%CI:16–33%], respiratory failure 40% [95%CI: 31–50%], and intubation 46% [95%CI: 33–61%]. Delineation showed bilateral contusions, not unilateral contusions, attributed to increased risk of complications. Conclusions There is likely a correlation between contused lung volume and risk of pulmonary complications; dichotomously classifying pulmonary contusions is insufficient. Better understanding this correlation requires establishing the clinically significant contusion volume and a correspondingly refined classification system.
Operator counting and soft blocks in chiral perturbation theory

Chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) is a low-energy effective field theory of QCD and also a nonlinear sigma model based on the symmetry breaking pattern $\mathrm{SU}({N}_{f})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{SU}({N}_{f})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{SU}({N}_{f})$. In the limit of massless ${N}_{f}$ quarks, we enumerate the independent operators without external sources in ChPT using an on-shell method, by counting and presenting the soft blocks at each order in the derivative expansion, up to $\mathcal{O}({p}^{10})$. Given the massless on-shell condition and total momentum conservation, soft blocks are homogeneous polynomials of kinematic invariants exhibiting Adler's zero when any external momentum becomes soft and vanishing. In addition, soft blocks are seeds for recursively generating all tree amplitudes of Nambu-Goldstone bosons without recourse to ChPT, and in one-to-one correspondence with the ``low-energy constants'' which are the Wilson coefficients. Relations among operators, such as those arising from equations of motion, integration by parts, Hermiticity, and symmetry structure, manifest themselves in the soft blocks in simple ways. We find agreements with the existing results up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (NNNLO) and make a prediction at ${\mathrm{N}}^{4}\mathrm{LO}$.
Additive Manufacturing of Non-homogeneous Magnetic Cores for Electrical Machines Opportunities and Challenges

Maturation of additive manufacturing technologies present opportunities for development of non-conventional soft magnetic materials. In this paper, it is demonstrated that manipulation of the magnetic properties of magnetic cores can be used to shape the magnetic flux density in the air-gap. A simple finite element program is used to evaluate the stator pole of an electrical machine with non-homogeneous magnetic properties. This paper shows a potential advantage of using additive manufacturing for development of magnetic cores with non-homogeneous magnetic property in electrical machines.
The double-dip: quality discrepancies in out-of-school time STEM programs

We report on national trends in STEM program quality using the Dimensions of Success (DoS), an empirical observation tool that provides a common definition of STEM program quality. We analyzed rati...
Comparison of pyrometry and thermography for thermal analysis of thermite reactions.

This study examines the thermal behavior of a laser ignited thermite composed of aluminum and bismuth trioxide. Temperature data were collected during the reaction using a four-color pyrometer and a high-speed color camera modified for thermography. The two diagnostics were arranged to collect data simultaneously, with similar fields of view and with similar data acquisition rates, so that the two techniques could be directly compared. Results show that at initial and final stages of the reaction, a lower signal-to-noise ratio affects the accuracy of the measured temperatures. Both diagnostics captured the same trends in transient thermal behavior, but the average temperatures measured with thermography were about 750 K higher than those from the pyrometer. This difference was attributed to the lower dynamic range of the thermography camera’s image sensor, which was unable to resolve cooler temperatures in the field of view as well as the photomultiplier tube sensors in the pyrometer. Overall, while the camera could not accurately capture the average temperature of a scene, its ability to capture peak temperatures and spatial data make it the preferred method for tracking thermal behavior in thermite reactions.
Projecting genetic associations through gene expression patterns highlights disease etiology and drug mechanisms

Understanding how dysregulated transcriptional processes result in tissue-specific pathology requires a mechanistic interpretation of expression regulation across different cell types. It has been shown that this insight is key for the development of new therapies. These mechanisms can be identified with transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS), which have represented an important step forward to test the mediating role of gene expression in GWAS associations. However, due to pervasive eQTL sharing across tissues, TWAS has not been successful in identifying causal tissues, and other methods generally do not take advantage of the large amounts of RNA-seq data publicly available. Here we introduce a polygenic approach that leverages gene modules (genes with similar co-expression patterns) to project both gene-trait associations and pharmacological perturbation data into a common latent representation for a joint analysis. We observed that diseases were significantly associated with gene modules expressed in relevant cell types, such as hypothyroidism with T cells and thyroid, hypertension and lipids with adipose tissue, and coronary artery disease with cardiomyocytes. Our approach was more accurate in predicting known drug-disease pairs and revealed stable trait clusters, including a complex branch involving lipids with cardiovascular, autoimmune, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Furthermore, using a CRISPR-screen, we show that genes involved in lipid regulation exhibit more consistent trait associations through gene modules than individual genes. Our results suggest that a gene module perspective can contextualize genetic associations and prioritize alternative treatment targets when GWAS hits are not druggable.
Clearcutting and Forest Regulation in the "New" Forestry: Views from Professional Foresters in the Northeast US

In the past ten years in North America there has been much attention focussed on a so-called "new" forestry paradigm, placing emphasis on what some have described as a more holistic approach to forest management. Will the debate contribute to changes in the conduct of forest operations, particularly clearcutting? How will forest policies that will define the role of forest operations in the region be formulated? A survey of both public and private sector foresters in the northeastern US was conducted that was designed to solicit their opinions on the future of forest practices in the region. Multiple survey mailings revealed that forestry in the region is entering a period of increasing regulation and that environmental groups will play a more important role in defining these regulations. Although most respondents did not favor banning the practice of clearcutting, there were significant differences in responses from USFS foresters and private sector foresters on issues related to whether fewer foresters will be involved in the management of forests and whether the size of clearcuts should be limited. Implications of these results for the forest engineering/operations community are explored.
The Determinants of Equity Illiquidity

Graduate School of Business, Columbia University, 418 Uris Hall, 3022 Broadway, New York, NY10027. Phone: (212) 854-8755; FAX (212) 316-9180; Internet: laurie.hodrick@columbia.edu.The authors thank Thomas George, Margaret Forster, Joel Hasbrouck, and seminar participants atColumbia University, the University of Iowa, and the
Performance of wavelength blockers in 80/spl times/10 Gb/s metro core add-drop network

A 5-node metro core DWDM ring with 80/spl times/10 Gb/s channels and 5/spl times/50 km SSMF fiber spans is demonstrated. Wavelength blocker based reconfigurable optical add/drop were used in the network and their performances were evaluated.
CMIC@INEX 2008: Link-the-Wiki Track

This paper describes the runs that I submitted to the INEX 2008 Link-the-Wiki track. I participated in the incoming File-to-File and the outgoing Anchor-to-BEP tasks. For the File-to-File task I used a generic IR engine and constructed queries based on the title, keywords, and keyphrases of the Wikipedia article. My runs performed well for this task achieving the highest precision for low recall levels. Further post-hoc experiments showed that constructing queries using titles only produced even better results than the official submissions. For the Anchor-to-BEP task, I used a keyphrase extraction engine developed in-house and I filtered the keyphrases using existing Wikipedia titles. Unfortunately, my runs performed poorly compared to those of other groups. I suspect that this was the result of using many phrases that were not central to articles as anchors.
Methyl 3‐Nitroacrylate

[4749-37-5] C4H5NO4 (MW 131.10) InChI = 1S/C4H5NO4/c1-9-4(6)2-3-5(7)8/h2-3H,1H3/b3-2+ InChIKey = OVZCRDHFYPVIRT-NSCUHMNNSA-N (E) [52745-92-3] InChI = 1S/C4H5NO4/c1-9-4(6)2-3-5(7)8/h2-3H,1H3 InChIKey = OVZCRDHFYPVIRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-ethyl ester [5941-50-4] C5H7NO4 (MW 145.13) InChI = 1S/C5H7NO4/c1-2-10-5(7)3-4-6(8)9/h3-4H,2H2,1H3/b4-3+ InChIKey = HOTCCRPFEOUSLL-ONEGZZNKSA-N (Diels–Alder dienophile;4 Michael acceptor13) Physical Data: bp 73 °C/10 mmHg; mp 38 °C.1 Preparative Methods: by reaction of Methyl Acrylate with either nitryl chloride1 or N2O4/iodine (see Nitrogen Dioxide and Iodine),2 followed by elimination with sodium acetate (eq 1). An Organic Synthesis preparation of the corresponding ethyl ester using N2O4/iodine has been reported.3 (1) Purification: can be crystallized from methanol–water or vacuum distilled.1 However, significant losses were reported on vacuum distillation of the ethyl ester, which was best crystallized from pentane at −15 to 0 °C.3 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: lachrymatory solid; best stored in a refrigerator.
Processing differential image motion

The inference of three-dimensional camera motion parameters and the layout of a scene from image flows becomes particularly simple from a computational point of view if the scene contains depth variations. Under this condition, the differential image motion yields a simple estimate of the translational field lines at image locations corresponding to depth discontinuities in the scene. This in turn facilitates closed-form solutions of camera motion parameters and environmental depth. Our results may have relevance to human motion perception, which also seems to rely on depth variation in processing image motion.
Transnational Capitalist Class: What's Race Got to Do With It? Everything!

This article examines the use of race by the transnational capitalist class (TCC) to get globalizing politicians in office to execute the powers of the state to help shift from national obligations to labor to global obligations to capital. When it comes to controlling the White House and the Senate, there is no region of the country more important to the TCC than the US South, and this region, more than others, turns on the fulcrum of race. This article also examines the political impact of the South moving beyond a narrow black-white binary to a broad diversely racialized society for the TCC. Significantly higher in-migration and fertility rates among citizens of color constitute an indirect threat to the TCC politically by potentially terminating Republican domination of Southern electoral votes and Senate Congressional delegations. The TCC will attempt to counter the oncoming demographic transformation with voter suppression and other draconian measures. Este articulo examina el uso de la raza por la ...
Krein Signatures for the Faddeev-Takhtajan Eigenvalue Problem

One of the difficulties in analyzing eigenvalue problems that arise in connection with integrable systems is that they are frequently non-self-adjoint, making it difficult to determine where the spectrum lies. In this paper, we consider the problem of locating and counting the discrete eigenvalues associated with the Faddeev-Takhtajan eigenvalue problem, for which the sine-Gordon equation is the isospectral flow. In particular we show that for potentials having either zero topological charge or topological charge ± 1, and satisfying certain monotonicity conditions, the point spectrum lies on the unit circle and is simple. Furthermore, we give an exact count of the number of eigenvalues. This result is an analog of that of Klaus and Shaw for the Zakharov-Shabat eigenvalue problem. We also relate our results, as well as those of Klaus and Shaw, to the Krein stability theory for J-unitary matrices. In particular we show that the eigenvalue problem associated to the sine-Gordon equation has a J-unitary structure, and under the above conditions the point eigenvalues have a definite Krein signature, and are thus simple and lie on the unit circle.
Secondary utilization of trace halogenated organic compounds in biofilms

Dans des conditions appropriees, de nombreux composes organiques halogenes presents en tres faibles concentrations peuvent etre transformes biologiquement par des reacteurs a lit fixe avec un substrat permettant la croissance
Motivated Believing: Wishful and Unwelcome

L'A. developpe une approche minimaliste du phenomene de la croyance motivee, definie en termes de souhaits et d'apprehensions a partir de l'auto-evaluation des faits et de l'auto-illusion. Examinant la dynamique des souhaits en reference a la psychologie contemporaine, l'A. defend la these selon laquelle la croyance motivee participe a la realisation des fins et valeurs du sujet.
When metacognition fails: Impaired awareness of deficit in alzheimer's disease

Two new measures were developed to assess quantitatively the degree to which patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are aware of their memory deficit, and to evaluate the relation between dementia severity and awareness of deficit. Results of a questionnaire measure indicated that AD patients rated their own difficulties with cognitive activities of daily life significantly lower than relatives rated patients' problems, and this discrepancy was related to patients' dementia severity. On another measure involving task performance predictions, AD patients were inaccurate in predicting their performance on most cognitive tasks when compared to both their actual performance and relatives' predictions, despite generally accurate prediction of their relatives' performance on the same tasks. These results are discussed in terms of a breakdown in metacognitive processes.
Frequency division using a micromechanical resonance cascade

A coupled micromechanical resonator array demonstrates a mechanical realization of multi-stage frequency division. The mechanical structure consists of a set of N sequentially perpendicular microbeams that are connected by relatively weak elastic elements such that the system vibration modes are localized to individual microbeams and have natural frequencies with ratios close to 1:2:⋯:2N. Conservative (passive) nonlinear inter-modal coupling provides the required energy transfer between modes and is achieved by finite deformation kinematics. When the highest frequency beam is excited, this arrangement promotes a cascade of subharmonic resonances that achieve frequency division of 2j at microbeam j for j = 1, …, N. Results are shown for a capacitively driven three-stage divider in which an input signal of 824 kHz is passively divided through three modal stages, producing signals at 412 kHz, 206 kHz, and 103 kHz. The system modes are characterized and used to delineate the range of AC input voltages and fre...
Theorising Textual Subjects: Agency and Oppression

Introduction 1. Stories of oppression and appeals to freedom 2. Language, ethics, and subjectivity in the liberal/communitarian debate 3. Theorising narratives of agency and subjection 4. Truth, beauty, and goodness in James's The Ambassadors 5. The subject of democracy in the work of Ralph Ellison Conclusion Bibliography Index.