cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of approximation to sentence word-order and grammatical class upon the serial learning of word lists

When S s learned a list of 30 words by the method of serial anticipation, the following results were obtained: (a) increasing the approximation of the list to sentence word-order led to faster learning; (b) the overall trend of the serial-position error distribution was not shown to differ as a function of approximation level although there were local changes in error frequency resulting from word-order peculiarities and meaningful phrase “boundaries” which differentiated the serial position error curves of the three approximation levels; (c) grammatical class of a word was shown to be an influential variable in that representatives of the five classes showed reliable differences in their difficulty as learning material and the magnitude of these differences increased with increasing approximation of the list to sentence word-order.
Evidence for single electron transfer in the reduction of alcoholswith lithium aluminum hydride

Abstract EPR evidence supporting a single electron transfer mechanism in the reduction of secondary and tertiary alcohols to hydrocarbons with LiAlH 4 is presented.
Solubilization and Characterization of Phosphoprotein Phosphatase(s) from Bovine Corpus-Luteum Plasma Membranes

Plasma membrane fractions I and II isolated from bovine corpus luteum contain phosphoprotein phosphatases. Enzyme activities associated with both membrane fractions showed pH optima in the neutral range and were most active with phosphoprotamine as the exogenous substrate. The enzyme activity was partially inhibited by Co2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+. Dithioerythritol, glutathione (reduced) and 2-mercaptoethanol stimulated the enzyme activity, whereas N-ethylmaleimide and N-phenylmaleimide were inhibitory. Similarly, various cyclic nucleotides and nucleoside triphosphates also inhibited phosphoprotein phosphatase activities. The phosphatase activity was also observed with endogenous phosphorylated membrane proteins as substrate. The endogenous phosphorylation of membranes was rapid and attained a maximal level after 15–20 min of incubation. Initially endogenous dephosphorylation was also very rapid, but did not reach completion. In addition to phosphoprotein phosphatase, membrane preparations also possessed very active cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase activity. Phosphoprotein phosphatase activity from plasma membranes was solubilized by ionic and nonionic detergents. Optimal solubilization was achieved with 0.1% sodium deoxycholate. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation of deoxycholate-solubilized fraction I and fraction II membranes resolved phosphoprotein phosphatase activity into two species with apparent sedimentation coefficients of 6.7 S (Mr 130000) and 4.8 S (Mr 90000). Cyclic-AMP-stimulated protein kinase activity sedimented as a broad peak with a sedimentation coefficient of 5.5 S (Mr 110000).
Finite-temperature properties of the triangular lattice t-J model and applications to Na x CoO 2

We present a finite temperature $(T)$ study of the $t\text{\ensuremath{-}}J$ model on the two-dimensional triangular lattice for the negative hopping $t$, as relevant for the electron-doped ${\mathrm{Na}}_{x}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ (NCO). We study several thermodynamic and transport properties in this study: the $T$-dependent chemical potential, specific heat, magnetic susceptibility, and the dynamic Hall coefficient across the entire doping range. We show systematically how this simplest model for strongly correlated electrons describes a crossover as function of doping $(x)$ from a Pauli-like weakly spin-correlated metal close to the band limit (density $n=2$) to the Curie-Weiss metallic phase $(1.5lnl1.75)$ with pronounced antiferromagnetic (AFM) correlations at low temperatures and Curie-Weiss-type behavior in the high-temperature regime. Upon further reduction of the doping, a different energy scale, dominated by spin-interactions $(J)$ emerges. It is apparent both in specific heat and susceptibility, and we identify an effective interaction ${J}_{\mathit{eff}}(x)$, valid across the entire doping range. This is in contrast to the formula by Anderson et al. [J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 16, R755 (2004)] for the square lattice. NCO has $tl0$, hence the opposite sign of the Nagaoka-ferromagnetic situation, this expression includes the subtle effect of weak kinetic AFM [Haerter and Shastry, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 087202 (2005)], as encountered in the infinitely correlated situation $(U=\ensuremath{\infty})$ for electronic frustration. By explicit computation of the Kubo formulas, we address the question of practical relevance of the high-frequency expression for the Hall coefficient ${R}_{H}^{*}$ [Shastry et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2004 (1993)]. We hope to clarify some open questions concerning the applicability of the $t\text{\ensuremath{-}}J$ model to real experimental situations through this study.
Clinical sepsis in neonates and young infants, United States, 1988-2006

Objective To describe the burden and characteristics of clinical neonatal sepsis in the United States and evaluate incidence rates after the issuance of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) guidelines. Study design This is a cross-sectional study of hospitalizations of infants aged International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes, and compared sepsis hospitalization rates for 2 time periods after the issuance of IAP guidelines (1996-2001 and 2002-2006) with 1988-1995 using national natality data as the population denominator. We used Joinpoint (Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland) regression to assess the average annual percent change (AAPC) in rates. Results Between 1988 and 2006, there were more than 2.5 million sepsis-related hospitalizations in infants aged Conclusion Clinical neonatal sepsis declined in the post-IAP era, mirroring trends observed in group B streptococcal early-onset neonatal sepsis surveillance. Preterm infants were affected disproportionately and exhibited a modest but steady decline in sepsis hospitalization rate.
The Child Welfare System and State Intervention in Families: From Historical Patterns to Future Questions

The child welfare system remains one of the most important welfare institutions in regulating family life and meanings of gender. However, it has largely escaped sociological analysis. This article provides a framework for thinking about the meanings of state intervention in family life and describes the legal and procedural machinations of the system by providing an overview of the history of the system. In doing so, this article elucidates the complex and contradictory mandates the child-protective services system and its actors face and raises several questions or quandaries that remain under-explored and deserving of analytical attention.
Differences along the place-frequency map in the structure of supporting cells in the gerbil cochlea

The function of supporting cells was investigated by comparing their morphologic adaptations at six different places in the gerbil cochlea. The volume of Deiters cells and tectal (cover) cells increased whereas that of Boettcher and Claudius cells decreased from base to apex. Deiters cells in the basal region tuned between 40 and 20 kHz lacked the unique rosette complex seen in regions encoding frequencies at or below 10 kHz. Deiters cells in high frequency regions differed from those at lower frequency places in several other ways: they possessed more apical microtubules, a larger basal microtubule stalk, mitochondria in the basal compartment, apical mitochondria that were unassociated with plasmalemma and more symmetric, and a less elaborately folded apicomedial plasmalemma enveloping fewer nerves. The tectal cells covering the outer tunnel appeared unlike Hensen cells in location and structure and differed further in exhibiting more variability with position in the cochlea. These covering cells in regions encoding high frequencies (20 and 40 kHz) extended a thin process medially that formed the roof of the outer tunnel and connected with the phalanx of the third Deiters cell. The tectal cells exclusively in places at 10 kHz or below projected numerous fimbriae into the outer tunnel. Hensen cells lateral to the cover cells also differed with frequency in showing abundant apical microvilli and mitochondria and basal juxtaposition to Boettcher cells only in the 40 to 20 kHz region. The observed structural differences provide evidence for functional variability along the place-frequency map. They attest to greater ion resorption from the outer tunnel by Deiters and tectal cells in low to mid frequency regions, and for greater ion exchange between endolymph and perilymph by Hensen, Boettcher and outer sulcus cells in regions of the cochlea encoding high frequencies. Amplification of the Deiters cells' microtubule system in the base of the cochlea possibly imparts increased stiffness to these cells and enhances transmission of mechanical energy at high frequency.
U.S. children's preschool weight status trajectories: patterns from 9-month, 2-year, and 4-year Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth cohort data.

Abstract Purpose. To track changes in U.S. children's early weight status (normal, at-risk, or obese) from infancy through preschool. Design. Patterns of change in individual children's weight status are established using three time points from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth cohort. Setting. United States. Subjects. Nationally representative sample of U.S. preschool children surveyed at 9 months (n = 8900), with follow-up at 2 years (n = 7500) and preschool (n = 7000). Measures. Individual children's weight status was determined from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts at multiple time periods. Analysis. Layered, categorical data analysis of changes in weight status patterns at three time periods during infancy through preschool. Results. Young children whose early weight status was normal tend to retain a normal weight status and not to develop an unfavorable status (at-risk, obese). In contrast, children who were obese at an early age were more likely to have an ...
Percutaneous CT- guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Symptomatic Bilateral Adrenal Metastases in a Single Session

Percutaneous computed tomography (CT)–guided radiofrequency (RF) ablation has been used in the palliative treatment of symptomatic bilateral adrenal tumors, often with each tumor addressed separately over the course of multiple treatment sessions. In the present case, a 71-year-old man with a diagnosis of lung cancer and painful bilateral metastases to the adrenal glands underwent percutaneous CT-guided RF thermal ablation of both adrenal masses in a single session (left adrenal mass, 4.7 cm; right adrenal mass, 4.3 cm), without occurrence of blood pressure instability or other acute complications. Measurement of plasma levels of cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and glucose before and after RF ablation revealed transient changes that suggested preservation of endocrine feedback mechanisms. The patient experienced marked relief in pain bilaterally. By 5 days after the procedure, cortisol, ACTH, and glucose levels returned to preprocedural levels. On further follow-up at 6 months, the patient noted a lack of endocrine sequelae and continued pain relief.
Using tactile displays to maintain situational awareness during driving

We present a system to reduce the decay of situational awareness when the driver of a vehicle is distracted by a secondary task like texting. According to Wickens' Multiple Resource Theory, the driver can attend to the under-used tactual modality in parallel with the preoccupied visual modality. Charron and Koechlin found that under dual-tasking conditions, the executive function of each task is located in a different part of frontal cortex. We expand on that theory based on brain anatomy, and propose that these two areas are both active but with different qualities of access to cognitive resources. Based on these theories, we employ tactile arrays to represent the local traffic situation to the driving task, when the driver is occupied with a distracting secondary task. We describe our cognitive model and the design of the tactile display, and show results of predictions of time to return to vigilant driving from a secondary task with and without the tactual modality inputs.
Approximations of Frobenius-Perron Operators Via Interpolation

Abstract Let S:[0,1]→[0,1] be a chaotic map and let P:L1(0,1)→L1(0,1) be the corresponding Frobenius–Perron operator. We propose a piecewise linear approximations method based on interpolation that can be efficiently used to compute a fixed density of P. The convergence of the method for a class of mappings is proved, and numerical results are also presented.
Analysis and Monitoring of Volatile Analytes from Aqueous Solutions by Extractions into the Gas Phase Using Microdialysis Membranes and Coupling to Fast GC

Microdialysis membranes (3 mm length × 200 μm i.d.) have been used to extract volatile analytes from aqueous samples into the gas phase and interfaced with fast gas chromatography. Gas-phase extracts generated from aqueous samples reach steady-state concentrations and are transported to the detector in 5 s. The recovery of the system ranges from 1.28% for toluene to less than 0.1% for ethanol. The lowest detectable concentration without preconcentration was 5 mM for most compounds using a flame ionization detector, and as low as 0.01 mM for more volatile hydrophobic analytes. When interfaced with a fast GC system, changes in aqueous phase concentrations were monitored with a temporal resolution of 10 s.
Foraging patterns of the southeastern blueberry bee Habropoda laboriosa (Apidae, Hymenoptera): Implications for understanding oligolecty

SummaryPrevious observations have suggested that the blueberry bee (Habropoda laboriosa, Apidae) is oligolectic on blueberries (Vaccinium sp.) but visits a number of secondary plant species for nectar. To examine how oligolecty persists in human modified habitats: (1) observations were made of plants it visited in both urban and rural habitats, (2) the type of pollen on its body was measured when foraging on either Vaccinium or Gelsemium, and (3) foraging behavior on Vaccinium, Gelsemium, and Azalea was studied across an rural/suburban/urban land use gradient in a foraging preference experiment.Male and female blueberry bees were recorded foraging on a wide range of plants in urban, suburban, and rural areas for both pollen and nectar. Female bees collected pollen from five genera in four families. Pollen on male and female bees collected on either Vaccinium or Gelsemium was predominantly from the species from which it was collected, but many specimens had both pollen types present. There were significant...
Isentropic decompression of fluids from crustal and mantle pressures

Criteria are derived according to which the flow of single-phase magmatic fluids and the rarefaction expansion of low-viscosity liquids and gases may be considered approximately isentropic. Graphs of entropy vs. density with contours of constant pressure and mass fraction are used to examine the possible thermodynamic histories of H2O and CO2 decompressing isentropically from crustal and upper mantle pressures; these graphs offer a simple visual representation of a number of thermodynamic variables involved in isentropic processes. It is shown how the graphs can be used to examine the behavior of volatiles that (1) ascend in volcanic systems originating at different depths within the earth, and (2) decompress from a shock Hugoniot state. Entropy-density graphs are presented separately for H2O and CO2.
Preliminary Investigations into 3D Auditory Attitude Displays: Comparing Training and Methods to Display Azimuth and Elevation

Audio displays have the capability to off-load the oversaturated visual channel for completing multiple tasks simultaneously. The challenge is designing audio symbology to portray complex information, and knowing how long to train people so they can effectively transfer the meaning of the information to the task at hand. This study evaluated two audio symbology sets and four training sessions to determine the most effective way of incorporating audio information into an aircraft task. The audio symbology varied by 1) localizing the audio information in both azimuth and elevation, and 2) localizing the audio information in azimuth and changing the tonal quality of the audio information to represent elevation. Training and feedback sessions were interspersed with the data collection sessions to increase the amount of training participants received over time. Results showed that changing the tonal quality to represent elevation information was significantly more effective than using localized elevation audio...
Use of multispectral ASTER images for mapping debris-covered glaciers within the GLIMS project

The problem of mapping debris-covered glaciers using images derived from satellite-borne optical scanners is addressed in this paper. Results using also Terra-ASTER images on the Belvedere and Miage glaciers, both located in the Italian Alps, are presented. Field measurements and energy balance modeling indicate that for debris superimposed on ice, surface temperatures of some degrees colder than for pure, debris are to be expected in the morning. This fact is also confirmed by processing satellite images taking into account the thermal band. The results of black glacier detection can be useful for the project GLIMS (Global Land Ice Monitoring from Space) when debris-covered glaciers are to be mapped
Modulation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor function by glycine transport

The recent discovery of glycine transporters in both the central nervous system and the periphery suggests that glycine transport may be critical to N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function by controlling glycine concentration at the NMDAR modulatory glycine site. Data obtained from whole-cell patch–clamp recordings of hippocampal pyramidal neurons, in vitro, demonstrated that exogenous glycine and glycine transporter type 1 (GLYT1) antagonist selectively enhanced the amplitude of the NMDA component of a glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic current. The effect was blocked by 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid and 7-chloro-kynurenic acid but not by strychnine. Thus, the glycine-binding site was not saturated under the control conditions. Furthermore, GLYT1 antagonist enhanced NMDAR function during perfusion with medium containing 10 μM glycine, a concentration similar to that in the cerebrospinal fluid in vivo, thereby supporting the hypothesis that the GLYT1 maintains subsaturating concentration of glycine at synaptically activated NMDAR. The enhancement of NMDAR function by specific GLYT1 antagonism may be a feasible target for therapeutic agents directed toward diseases related to hypofunction of NMDAR.
Requirement for Neo1p in Retrograde Transport from the Golgi Complex to the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Neo1p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an essential P-type ATPase and potential aminophospholipid translocase (flippase) in the Drs2p family. We have previously implicated Drs2p in protein transpor...
Black and White and Re(a)d All Over: L'Étudiant noir, Communism, and the Birth of Négritude

The origins of Aime Cesaire’s famous neologism Negritude have long been shrouded in mystery; with many scholars speculating as to whether or not he coined the term before it appeared in his poem Cahier d’un retour au pays natal in 1939. This article examines a previously lost early example of Cesaire’s writings that predates the Cahier, a 1935 issue of his student magazine L’Etudiant noir, in which the word Negritude appears. Through an examination of Cesaire’s allusions to the works of Marx and the Marxist thinker Paul Nizan, I argue that, contrary to accepted wisdom, Marxist thought was essential to Cesaire’s original conception of Negritude. This new discovery suggests that a reevaluation of the relationship of Negritude to both Marxist politics and to newer literary movements, such as Creolite, is in order.
The fine-grained spatial abilities of three seed-caching corvids

We used a psychophysical method to examine the ability of three corvid species to discern fine-grained spatial information. Nutcrackers, pinyon jays, and scrub-jays were required to discriminate the distance between two landmarks on a computer screen in an operant chamber. All three species were able to discriminate between arrays that differed by 20 mm; the discrimination gradients for scrub-jays and pinyon jays were sharper than those for nutcrackers, however. The results suggest that differences in spatial memory among these species are not related to differences in fine-grained perception.
Neighboring plant influences on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community composition as assessed by T-RFLP analysis

Controls on root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) include host nutrient status, identity of symbionts and soil physico-chemical properties. Here we show, in the field, that the subset of the AMF community colonizing the roots of a common grass species, Dactylis glomerata, was strongly controlled by neighboring roots of a different plant species, Centaurea maculosa, an invasive forb, thus adding a biological spatial component to controls on root colonization. Using an AMF-specific, 18s rDNA-based terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis method, significant differences were found between AMF community fingerprints of samples derived from roots of grasses with (GCm) and without (G0) neighboring C. maculosa. There were also significant differences between samples derived from C. maculosa roots (Cmac) and both GCm and G0 roots. Sample ordination indicated three generally distinct groups consisting of Cmac, GCm and G0, with GCm samples being of intermediate distance between G0and Cmac. Our results indicate that, with the presence of C. maculosa, AMF communities of D. glomerata shift to reflect community composition associated with C. maculosa roots. These results highlight the importance of complex spatial distributions of AMF communities at the scale of a root system. An additional dimension to our study is that C. maculosa is an aggressively invasive plant in the intermountain West. Viewed in this light, these results suggest that pervasive influences of this plant on AMF communities, specifically in roots of its competitors, may represent a mechanism contributing to its invasive success. However, further work is clearly required to determine the extent to which AMF genotypic alteration by neighboring plants influences competitive relationships.
Recent Developments in Drug Therapy for Aplastic Anemia

Objective: This article reviews recent developments in immunosuppressive therapy (IST) for aplastic anemia (AA) patients who are not candidates for stem cell transplant (SCT); including, front-line, salvage, and novel treatment options with a focus on response rates (RRs) and overall survival (OS). Data Sources: A PubMed literature search was performed from 1977 to June 2014 using the search terms aplastic anemia, horse antithymocyte globulin (hATG), rabbit ATG (rATG), thymoglobulin, and cyclosporine (CSA). Additional references were identified from a review of literature citations. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English-language studies investigating IST for treatment of AA in non–SCT candidates were evaluated. Data Synthesis: Studies indicate addition of CSA and corticosteroids to hATG for treatment of AA improves RRs, decreases relapse rates, and improves 5-year OS. hATG improved RRs, relapse rates, and OS compared to rATG in the front-line setting. Studies support the use of rATG when front-...
Success of junctional anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.

Abstract Background context Junctional breakdown has long been a consideration for surgeons when performing an arthrodesis in the cervical spine. Numerous authors have reported symptomatic junctional disease after fusion with varying degrees of reoperation. To our knowledge, there are no large series recording the fusion rate using instrumentation as an adjuvant to bone grafting. Purpose To determine the fusion rate when arthrodesis is performed in the setting of junctional stenosis using iliac crest autograft and instrumentation. Study design/setting This is a retrospective review performed on patients at the senior author's institution. Patient sample The patient population consisted of a consecutive series of patients undergoing an elective anterior-only cervical arthrodesis for junctional stenosis. Outcome measures The primary outcome is a physiologic measure from dynamic radiographs. Fusion was assessed by the absence of motion and radiolucent lines at the bone graft interface. Methods During the study period, a total of 56 consecutive patients underwent anterior treatment for junctional cervical stenosis. Forty-nine of these patients were treated with an anterior discectomy and instrumented arthrodesis using iliac crest autograft, and seven underwent a corpectomy. We retrospectively reviewed the patients' charts and radiographs to determine the fusion rate. Results A solid fusion was obtained in 81.6% of patients in the study group. In patients undergoing a single-level arthrodesis adjacent to a one-level fusion, the fusion rate was 95.2%. The fusion rate significantly dropped in patients with longer preexisting fusion segments. In patients with a two- or three-level fusions preoperatively, the union rate was 81.3% and 57.1%, respectively. Conclusions Anterior cervical discectomy and arthrodesis yields a high fusion rate for cervical stenosis adjacent to a single-level fusion. A multilevel preexisting fusion segment leads to a significant decline in successfully achieving a solid adjacent fusion despite using iliac crest autograft and instrumentation.
SOME ASPECTS OF JOB SATISFACTION IN THE SOVIET UNION

Work satisfaction in the Soviet Union is examined by reviewing original research of several prominent Russian authors during the period 1959 to the present. This research is introduced by examining the translated works of a noted U.S. economist. Some limited comparisons are made to U.S. studies of similar phenomenon.
THE RELATION OF THE PNEUMOCOCCUS TO HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION, ACID DEATH-POINT, AND DISSOLUTION OF THE ORGANISM

1. In the growth and death of the pneumococcus in fluid media containing 1 per cent glucose the production of acid is the most important bactericidal factor. 2. 1 per cent glucose bouillon cultures of the pneumococcus allowed to grow and die out usually reach a final acidity of a pH of about 5.1. 3. At a hydrogen ion concentration of about 5.1 or higher, the pneumococcus does not survive longer than a few hours. 4. In hydrogen ion concentrations of about 6.8 to 7.4 the pneumococcus may live for at least many days. 5. In the intervening hydrogen ion concentrations, between 6.8 and 5.1, the pneumococcus is usually killed with a rapidity which bears a direct relation to the hydrogen ion concentration; i.e., the greater the acidity the more rapid is the death. 6. Cloudy suspensions of washed pneumococci in hydrogen ion concentrations varying from 8.0 to 4.0 show, after incubation, dissolution of organisms in lower hydrogen ion concentrations than about 5.0. This dissolution is most marked at about 5.0 to 6.0. Some dissolution also takes place toward the more alkaline end of the scale. No dissolution occurs at the most acid end of the scale.
Personality and experiential avoidance: A model of anxiety sensitivity

Recent evidence suggests that an interaction of personality dimensions and self-regulatory mechanisms partially explains the development of anxiety-related psychopathology. We examined the associations between behavioral inhibition system (BIS) sensitivity, negative emotionality (NE), anxiety sensitivity (AS), and experiential avoidance (EA) to understand the role of personality dimensions and self-regulatory mechanisms in relation to anxiety disorder risk. In a sample of 675 undergraduates, we used path analysis models to examine the associations between the study variables. The results suggest a positive relationship between BIS sensitivity and EA, and between EA and AS. Therefore, there is an indirect path between BIS sensitivity and AS through EA. Further, the relationship between EA and AS was stronger for men than for women. The examination of an alternative model indicated poor fit and provides evidence for a model of AS that includes personality dimensions and EA.
Current Practices of the Child Neurologist in Managing Sports Concussion

Given the 2010 position statement issued by the American Academy of Neurology that neurologists be consulted on return-to-play decisions following a concussion, we surveyed members of the Child Neurology Society to asses clinical practice management of concussion among child neurologists. Among the 239 respondents, the majority continued to rely on the American Academy of Neurology's 1997 Practice Parameter to guide their decision-making process. Although the 2008 consensus statement from the Third International Conference on Concussion in Sport (Zurich Guidelines) is currently considered the most up-to-date guideline, few respondents relied exclusively on this guideline. More respondents who completed continuing medical education on concussion reported making clinical decisions based on the Zurich guidelines. The finding that child neurologists who completed continuing medical education had a greater familiarity with the more recently proposed consensus-based concussion guidelines supports the development of additional education in sports concussion at all levels of child neurology training.
Radiation Survey Vehicle for the NAL Main Ring

We have instrumented a battery-powered golf cart for making routine radioactivity surveys of the NAL Main Accelerator. The purpose of the surveys is to provide complete and reproducible plots of induced radioactivity for radiation safety, extrapolation to higher intensity operation, and accelerator diagnostics. We discuss the design of the vehicle and present some results of surveys.
Evaluation of power control concepts using the PMAD systems test bed

The Lewis Research Center's Power Management and Distribution (PMAD) System testbed and its use in the evaluation of control concepts applicable to the NASA Space Station Freedom electric power system (EPS) are described. The facility was constructed to allow testing of control hardware and software in an environment functionally similar to the space station electric power system. Control hardware and software have been developed to allow operation of the testbed power system in a manner similar to a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system employed by utility power systems for control. The system hardware and software are described. >
Staff versus Physician Vaccine Protocols for Influenza Immunization During Pregnancy

Background: Pregnant women and their fetuses are known to be at increased risk for influenza-associated morbidity and mortality. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and others have recommended influenza vaccination for all pregnant women at any gestational age, but vaccination rates for pregnant women remain low, near 45%. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed at each of 4 sites during the 2010 to 2011 and 2011 to 2012 influenza seasons to examine the rates of flu vaccination offering and provision. The 4 separate clinics used for this study included 3 sites within a large university academic center and one private community practice. A nurse-driven (licensed vocational nurse or medical assistant staff) protocol for offering the flu vaccine was used at one site the first year of review and then used at 2 sites during the second year of review. We compared the vaccination offering and provision rates when nursedriven or physician-driven protocols were used. Results: With the nurse-driven protocol, the average offering rate was 99.7%, but of those who were offered the vaccine, only 38.2% received it, for a total effective vaccination rate of 38.1% of the patients. With the physician-driven protocol, 54.5% patients were offered the vaccine, and 70.7% of those received it, for an effective total vaccination rate of 38.5%. Conclusion: In this retrospective observational report, a nurse-driven protocol did not improve vaccination rates across varying practice sites. Thus, a simple protocol change to staff alone offering vaccine is unlikely to improve rates of maternal influenza vaccination. Additional studies looking at interventions to increase the number of pregnant women vaccinated against influenza are needed. (J Am Board Fam Med 2014;27:56‐60.)
Cytokeratin 17 Is Expressed in Cells Infected with Respiratory Syncytial Virus via NF-κB Activation and Is Associated with the Formation of Cytopathic Syncytia

We used differential display to detect enhanced expression of an mRNA fragment encoding cytokeratin 17 (Ck-17) in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infected epithelial cells. Expression increased 12-fold by 96 h after infection but remained unchanged in cells challenged with virus in the presence of neutralizing anti-RSV fusion protein antibody. Immunoblots of RSV-infected cell lysates probed with an anti-keratin antibody demonstrated stable expression of total cytokeratins over time. When probed with an anti-Ck-17 monoclonal antibody, Ck-17 was first detected at 4 days after infection. In situ staining demonstrated that Ck-17 expression localized to regions of syncytia formation. Expression of Ck-17 mRNA also increased in response to intracellular RSV-F protein in the absence of active RSV infection. No increase in Ck-17 mRNA expression and no syncytia were observed in RSV-infected cells grown in the presence of the NF-kappaB inhibitor gliotoxin. These results suggest that RSV-induced transcriptional activation of the Ck-17 gene is dependent on an NF-kappaB-associated signaling pathway.
Hierarchical reconfigurable computing arrays for efficient CGRA-based embedded systems

Coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture (CGRA) based embedded system aims at achieving high system performance with sufficient flexibility to map variety of applications. However, significant area and power consumption in the arrays prohibits its competitive advantage to be used as a processing core. In this work, we propose hierarchical reconfigurable computing array architecture to reduce power/area and enhance performance in configurable embedded system. The CGRA-based embedded systems that consist of hierarchical configurable computing arrays with varying size and communication speed were examined for multimedia and other applications. Experimental results show that the proposed approach reduces on-chip area by 22%, execution time by up to 72% and reduces power consumption by up to 55% when compared with the conventional CGRA-based architectures.
Economic Analysis of Prescriptive Jurisdiction and Choice of Law

This article establishes a framework for analysis of prescriptive jurisdiction and choice of law problems that draws on law and economics scholarship but is less committed to deregulation than other choice of law work based on law and economics. From property rights theory, this article draws an understanding of the role of externalities and the transaction costs and strategic parameters that influence the structure of property rights. It uses an understanding of regulatory competition theory to supplement this property rights analysis with a sensitivity to the structure and benefits of regulatory competition. It seeks to understand the circumstances under which, in a horizontal setting, "social norms" among states may arise, and it applies the theory of the firm to suggest the circumstances under which social norms may develop an equilibrium superior to more formal organization, or vice-versa. Finally, it examines how the law and economics literature of specific rules and general standards suggests the proper role of courts vis-a-vis legislatures in setting allocations of prescriptive jurisdiction.
Reproductive success of forest-dependent songbirds near an agricultural corridor in south-central Indiana

Abstract Potential source populations of forest-breeding Neotropical migrant birds may be threatened by anthropogenic changes that increase brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) and nest predation in heavily forested breeding areas. In south-central Indiana, corridors of agriculture and rural development, ranging from <50 m to several thousand meters in width, penetrate interior portions of the heavily forested landscape. These corridors provide habitat for cowbirds and nest predators. We monitored breeding success of six species of Neotropical migrants and one resident species near an agricultural corridor and in interior forest. We found that nest survival was lower near the agricultural corridor for most of the species in the nestling stage, but no consistent difference in nest survival was detected during the egg stage. Levels of cowbird parasitism were generally elevated near the agricultural corridor. Estimates of the number of fledglings per nesting attempt indicated that seaso...
Why do Americans dislike publicly funded health care? Examining the intersection of race and gender in the ideological context†

What explains individuals’ support to government social policy provision? Many scholars consider economic factors, such as income and risk, as the key determinants of social policy preferences. However, economic self-interest is not the solo determinant of policy preference, particularly in the health care domain. The social identity approach of policy preferences argues one's social identification shapes her policy preferences. We recognize the strength of the social identity literature, but view its lack of consideration for the intersection of multiple identities as a shortcoming. Using an intersectional approach and data from the 2012 General Social Survey, we examine how political ideology colors the effects of two ascriptive identities – race and gender – in shaping individuals’ health care preferences. Findings suggest that neither race nor gender independently explains health care attitudes. Instead, connecting ideology with the intersection between race and gender offers a more comprehensive acco...
Stochastic Dispatch of Power Grids with High Penetration of Wind Power Using Pareto Optimization

Stochastic dispatch (SD) for a power system with both thermal and wind units is considered. First, the uncertainty associated with the wind power forecast is characterized. Conditional probability density functions (CPDF) of the actual wind power output given the forecast level are obtained. For each forecast level, Beta, Weibul, and Extreme Value distribution functions are compared and the best fit is selected. Then, both single-objective and multi-objective dispatch problems are investigated. In the single-objective dispatch, the objective is to minimize the expected value of the operating cost. In the multi-objective dispatch, Pareto-optimization of operating cost and emissions is studied. The sensitivity of the Pareto-optimal solution to different system conditions is examined. Multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MO-PSO) is employed to obtain the Pareto-front. Simulation results show that SD gives rise to lower average operating cost than deterministic dispatch, in which the wind schedule is identical to the forecast.
Asedios a la forma: Teorías (clásicas y nuevas) del cuento

La Edad de Oro del cuento latinoamericano tuvo lugar entre 1945 y 1965 con la publicacion de libros que revolucionaron el genero. En ese mismo periodo ocurria un proceso mas secreto: las reflexiones sobre el cuento. Mi trabajo ofrece una breve historiografia para desentranar, por un lado, las coordenadas que estos escritores han propuesto para el cuento, y para dar, por el otro, una mirada a los aportes mas contemporaneos. Se intenta ver de que manera la teoria del cuento pondera la lucha entre dos impulsos en el cuento como genero: su vocacion experimental y su afan de estructura cerrada.
Accurate Prediction of Contact Numbers for Multi-Spanning Helical Membrane Proteins.

Prediction of the three-dimensional (3D) structures of proteins by computational methods is acknowledged as an unsolved problem. Accurate prediction of important structural characteristics such as contact number is expected to accelerate the otherwise slow progress being made in the prediction of 3D structure of proteins. Here, we present a dropout neural network-based method, TMH-Expo, for predicting the contact number of transmembrane helix (TMH) residues from sequence. Neuronal dropout is a strategy where certain neurons of the network are excluded from back-propagation to prevent co-adaptation of hidden-layer neurons. By using neuronal dropout, overfitting was significantly reduced and performance was noticeably improved. For multi-spanning helical membrane proteins, TMH-Expo achieved a remarkable Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.69 between predicted and experimental values and a mean absolute error of only 1.68. In addition, among those membrane protein–membrane protein interface residues, 76.8% ...
Investigation of Electron Beam Initiated Reactions of Styrenic Block Copolymers

Electron beam (E-beam) radiation initiated reactions in styrenic block copolymers (SBCs), including poly (styrene-block-butadiene-block-styrene) (SBS), poly (styrene-block-isoprene-block-styrene) (SIS) and a newly developed poly (styrene-block-isoprene/butadiene-block-styrene) (SIBS) were investigated. The gel content of SBCs after E-beam exposure was calculated and the molecular weight characteristic of soluble portion was analyzed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The results showed that gel content increased with increasing of E-beam radiation dose and the low molecular weight material was generated after E-beam exposure. This indicated that both crosslinking and chain scission reactions took place during the E-beam exposure. The crosslinking reaction was the predominating reaction. The structures of gel portion of SBCs were analyzed by solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Equilibrium swelling showed that a tighter network was formed at higher radiation dose. Cylindrical morphologies were observed by both small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The effect of E-beam on morphologies of ozone etched SBCs was also investigated. It was found that the films of SBCs after E-beam crosslinking were able to maintain a relatively intact morphology after ozonolysis, while SBCs without E-beam cross-linking lost the cylindrical morphology after ozonolysis.
Opposites attract: holistic emotional regulation using dance/movement therapy and the doshas in Ayurveda

AbstractThis model presents a collaborative and holistic perspective on dance/movement therapy (D/MT) and Ayurveda. This approach suggests that the dance/movement therapist takes into account all range and manner of an individual’s movement repertoire and uses these observations to construct therapeutic interventions that build upon body types and movement preferences represented in Ayurveda. Both D/MT and Ayurveda share the value of achieving a sense of regulation through the use of opposite qualities of movement, which will be explored in depth through the lenses of Laban Movement Analysis and the Kestenberg Movement Profile. Several examples of interventions the therapist might utilise are provided. Further considerations exploring the growth of this model in the future and limitations are also included in this article.
A WAVE-CURRENT SEDIMENT BOUNDARY LAYER

A two-hour set of wave-current bottom boundary layer data collected at a dredged material placement site is examined with regard to establishing whether readily measured variables such as turbulent and wave kinetic energy (TWKE) correlate with more difficult to measure near bottom data. The data, collected in Mobile Bay, Gulf of Mexico, consisted of acoustic concentration profile data and velocity measurements at 50 and 114cm above bottom. The Reynolds Stress did not correlate well with any of the near bottom data including vertical flux and total water column mass. TWKE was a much more solid correlate with these variables but still was weak in correlating with near bottom mass. The wave kinetic energy was a solid correlate with near bottom data, particularly the mass in the bottom 5cm.
Comprehension and Memory of Instruction Manual Warnings: Conspicuous Print and Pictorial Icons

Two experiments examined the effects of increasing the noticeability of instruction manual warnings on subsequent comprehension and memory performance. Participants read one of four instruction man...
Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans during maturation of the mouse mammary gland.

The mammary gland underwent morphological changes starting from a simple tubular structure, developing into a rich alveolar formation during lactation and ultimately a terminally differentiated tubular complex in retired breeders. Early stages of development, male and virgin mouse glands, were rich in hyaluronic acid but also contained smaller amounts of a low sulfate heparan. During lactation, there was a dramatic increase in sulfated glycosaminoglycan, in particular dermatan sulfate. Retired breeders were characterized by a highly sulfated heparan. These changes in glycosaminoglycan composition were analogous to changes seen in many embryologic tissues during morphogenesis and reflect the alterations in tissue modeling. The changes in glycosaminoglycans were reflective of the change observed in solubilized membrane associated proteoglycan.. During lactation there was a dramatic increase in the content of dermatan sulfate proteoglycan. Both the dermatan sulfate and the proteoglycan which predominated during lactation was isolated as a complex with a small RNA, called pgRNA. The pgRNA was found only in the lactating stage and not in virgin mice or retired breeders.
Growing Agents - An Investigation of Architectural Mechanisms for the Specification of "Developing" Agent Architectures.

In this paper we investigate various aspects of “developing agent architectures”, i.e., architectures that change over time according to their specification, in the framework architecture APOC. After a brief overview of APOC, we examine and discuss several ways of specifying developing architectures, and present examples of definitions of such architectures in APOC (e.g., Grossberg’s ART networks). We conclude with a brief discussion of the advantages of being able to specify developing architectures within an architecture framework at the level of the architecture itself.
Preparing K-12 Teachers for ELLs: Improving Teachers’ L2 Knowledge and Strategies Through Innovative Professional Development:

English Language Learners (ELLs) are the fastest growing segment of school population, especially in urban schools. The teaching workforce has relatively unchanged to match this fast growth. Data found no measurable difference in the percentages of teachers’ ethnic backgrounds between 1999-2000 and 2007-2008. This mismatch creates the demand for preparing the K-12 teachers who can work effectively with ELLs. The study examines an innovative program that prepares K-12 teachers through research and service combined with traditional professional development. Findings reveal significant improvement in the teachers’ second language (L2) knowledge and strategies working with ELLs.