cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Restrictions on pion-pion scattering from crossing symmetry and unitarity

Abstract Using only analyticity, crossing symmetry, and unitarity, we find two distinct types of pion-pion scattering amplitudes. One class includes a wide range of non-physical solutions of the “s-wave dominant” type; these can be rejected only through assumptions other than crossing symmetry and unitarity. The second class, also found by other authors, contains the physical amplitudes. Our solutions, plus some further experimental information, agree well with the scattering lengths suggested by Morgan and Shaw, α 0 = 0.16 ± 0.04, α 2 = −0.05 ± 0.01.
Effects of Echinostoma caproni infection on the neutral and polar lipids of intestinal and non-intestinal organs in the BALB/c mouse as determined by high-performance thin-layer chromatography

The goal of this study was to characterize and quantify the various neutral and polar lipid classes in the BALB/c mouse that are associated with Echinostoma caproni infection. Ten infected mice and 10 uninfected control mice were used for this study (five infected and five uninfected were used for each of the neutral lipid and polar lipid studies). After 3 weeks postinfection, the mice were necropsied and various organs were removed and prepared for lipid class analysis. The organs used were liver, kidney, spleen, colon, cecum, anterior portion of the small intestine (SI), middle portion of the SI, and posterior portion of the SI. Lipids were determined by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) with Analtech 10 × 20 cm HPTLC-HLF silica gel plates. For neutral lipids, petroleum ether-diethyl ether-glacial acetic acid (80:20:1) mobile phase and 5% ethanolic phosphomolybdic acid detection reagent were used to determine the neutral lipids in each organ. Chloroform-methanol-deionized water (65:25:4) mobile phase and 10% cupric sulfate in 8% phosphoric acid detection reagent were used to determine the polar lipids in each organ. The analyzed polar lipids in all organs were phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and sphingomyelin (SM). Using HPTLC-densitometry for quantification, PC was found in the greatest amount and SM the smallest of all organs analyzed. The PE in the anterior portion of the SI was determined to be significantly greater (using the Student’s t test with P < 0.05), with about twice the amount of PE in mice infected with E. caproni relative to the uninfected mice. No significant differences in any of the neutral lipid classes were found between infected and uninfected samples.
Alternatives for solving sparse triangular systems on distributed-memory multiprocessors

The solution of sparse triangular systems plays an important role in the direct solution of sparse linear equations. This paper evaluates two alternative approaches to performing this computation on distributed-memory multiprocessors. First we consider a traditional approach, which assumes a column distribution of the triangular system among the processors. We find the performance of this approach to be extremely low, for a variety of reasons. We then consider an alternative approach, which assumes a block-column or panel distribution of the triangular system. This alternative is found to provide several important advantages over a column approach. Overall, the panel approach provides as much as a ten-fold parallel performance improvement. Performance results are presented from highly optimized implementations on the iPSC® 860 system.
SPATIAL EXPRESSION PATTERNS OF EXTRACELLULAR GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE (EGPx) DURING MURINE POST-IMPLANTATION DEVELOPMENT SUGGEST A PROTECTIVE ROLE FOR THE EMBRYO. † 356

Extracellular glutathione peroxidase (EGPx) is a member of a selenium-dependent antioxidant enzyme family. To better understand its potential functions in vivo, we examined the postimplantation expression of EGPx mRNA from E7.5 to E16.5 of mouse development. During this period, the message for EGPx shifted major sites of accumulation, but maintained high concentration at borders between the developing embryo and its environment. Thus, at E7.5 (neural plate stage) the highest EGPx expression was found in the maternally-derived deciduum, with minor accumulation in the visceral yolk sac endoderm. At E9.5, the major sites of expression were the yolk sac endoderm and developing heart musculuture. By E16.5, EGPx mRNA expression persisted in the yolk sac endoderm, but also accumulated significantly in a ventral to dorsal gradient in the developing skin. Expression in the heart and lungs was primarily restricted to atrially-derived myocytes. At E16.5, we also detected significant EGPx mRNA accumulation in the intestinal epithelium and minor accumulation in developing kidney, the principle site of EGPx synthesis in the adult. Since EGPx is expressed in the yolk sac endoderm, we explored its in vitro expression in F9 teratocarcinoma cells. EGPx mRNA is induced along with α-fetoprotein when F9 cells are differentiated toward visceral, but not parietal endoderm. Further studies of EGPx function and gene regulation can now be performed in this in vitro system.
HOLDUP MEASUREMENTS FOR THREE VISUAL EXAMINATION AND TRU REMEDIATION GLOVEBOX FACILITIES AT THE SAVANNAH RIVER SITE

Visual Examination (VE) gloveboxes are used to remediate transuranic waste (TRU) drums at three separate facilities at the Savannah River Site. Noncompliant items are removed before the drums undergo further characterization in preparation for shipment to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). Maintaining the flow of drums through the remediation process is critical to the program’s seven-days-per-week operation. Conservative assumptions are used to ensure that glovebox contamination from this continual operation is below acceptable limits. Holdup measurements using cooled HPGe spectrometers are performed in order to confirm that these assumptions are conservative. 239Pu is the main nuclide of interest; however, 241Pu, equilibrium 237Np/233Pa and 238Pu (if detected) are typically assayed. At the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) facility 243,244,245Cm are also generally observed and are always reported at either finite levels or at limits of detection. A complete assay at each of the three facilities includes a measure of TRU content in the gloveboxes and HEPA filters in the glovebox exhaust. This paper includes a description of the γ-PHA acquisitions, of the modeling, and of the calculations of nuclide content. Because each of the remediation facilities is unique and ergonomically unfavorable to γ-ray acquisitions, we have constructed custom detector support devices specific to each set of acquisitions. This paper includes a description and photographs of these custom devices. The description of modeling and calculations include determination and application of container and matrix photon energy dependent absorption factors and also determination and application of geometry factors relative to our detector calibration geometry. The paper also includes a discussion of our measurements’ accuracy using off-line assays of two SRNL HEPA filters. The comparison includes assay of the filters inside of 55-gallon drums using the SRNL Q2 assay system and separately using off-line assay with an acquisition configuration unique from the original in-situ acquisitions.
COMPARISON OF THE GRAVIMETRIC, PHENOL RED AND 14C- PEG – 3350 METHODS TO DETERMINE WATER ABSORPTION IN THE RAT SINGLE – PASS INTESTINAL PERFUSION MODEL

This study was undertaken to determine whether the gravimetric method provided an accurate measure of water flux correction and to compare the gravimetric method with methods that employ nonabsorbed markers (eg, phenol red and 14C-PEG-3350). Phenol red, 14C-PEG-3350, and 4-[2-[[2-(6-amino-3-pyridinyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]ethoxy]-methyl ester, (R)-benzene acetic acid (Compound I) were co-perfused in situ through the jejunum of 9 anesthetized rats (single-pass intestinal perfusion [SPIP]). Water absorption was determined from the phenol red. 14C-PEG-3350, and gravimetric methods. The absorption rate constant (ka) for Compound I was calculated. Both phenol red and 14C-PEG-3350 were appreciably absorbed, underestimating the extent of water flux in the SPIP model. The average ±SD water flux (μg/h/cm) for the 3 methods were 68.9±28.2 (gravimetric), 26.8±49.2 (phenol red), and 34.9±21.9 (14C-PEG-3350). The (average±SD) ka for Compound I (uncorrected for water flux) was 0.024±0.005 min−1. For the corrected, gravimetric method, the average±SD was 0.031±0.001 min−1. The gravimetric method for correcting water flux was as accurate as the 2 “nonabsorbed” marker methods.
Theoretical Study of the Interaction of Water and Imidazole with Iron and Nickel Dications

The structures, the harmonic frequencies, and the energies of Fe2+(H2O)n(imid)m and Ni2+(H2O)n(imid)m complexes are computed using density functional theory with the B3LYP functional. A CSOV analysis shows that the bonding is mostly electrostatic in nature. Imidazole forms a stronger bond than water with both metal dications due to its larger dipole moment and polarizability. The reactions for the exchange of one water molecule by one imidazole are exothermic and up to six water molecules can be replaced by imidazoles. The trends are very similar for both metals with the displacement reactions being slightly more favorable for Ni(2+).
Developing an Automated Telephone Triage System for a New Product Launch

One of the goals any company must consider in launching a new product is the ability to provide its customers with complete, accurate, and prompt medical information about the new product. One way that a company can be responsive to its customers and meet their expectations is to provide telephone access to product information. There are many issues that must be addressed in the planning, design, implementation, and maintenance of such a telephone system. DuPont Pharmaceuticals ' development of an automated telephone triage system for a new product launch using a voice response system is highlighted.
Preserving cardiac and pulmonary function after cardiopulmonary bypass: effects of reactive nitrogen species.

657–64. [14] Radovits T, Korkmaz S, Miesel-Groschel C, Seidel B, Stasch JP, Merkely B, Karck M, Szabo G. Pre-conditioning with the soluble guanylate cyclase activator Cinaciguat reduces ischaemia-reperfusion injury after cardiopulmonary bypass. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011;39:248–55. [15] Szabo G, Seres L, Soos P, Gorenflo M, Merkely B, Horkay F, Karck M, Radovits T. Tetrahydrobiopterin improves cardiac and pulmonary function after cardiopulmonary bypass. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011;40: 695–700. [16] Pacher P, Liaudet L, Bai P, Mabley JG, Kaminski PM, Virag L, Deb A, Szabo E, Ungvari Z, Wolin MS, Groves JT, Szabo C. Potent metalloporphyrin peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst protects against the development of doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction. Circulation 2003;107:896–904. [17] Bianchi C, Wakiyama H, Faro R, Khan T, McCully JD, Levitsky S, Szabo C, Sellke FW. A novel peroxynitrite decomposer catalyst (FP-15) reduces myocardial infarct size in an in vivo peroxynitrite decomposer and acute ischemia-reperfusion in pigs. Ann Thorac Surg 2002;74:1201–7. [18] Radovits T, Seres L, Gero D, Lin LN, Beller CJ, Chen SH, Zotkina J, Berger I, Groves JT, Szabo C, Szabo G. The peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst FP15 improves ageing-associated cardiac and vascular dysfunction. Mech Ageing Dev 2007;128:173–81. [19] Virag L, Szabo C. The therapeutic potential of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. Pharmacol Rev 2002;54:375–429. [20] Szabo G, Bahrle S, Stumpf N, Sonnenberg K, Szabo EE, Pacher P, Csont T, Schulz R, Dengler TJ, Liaudet L, Jagtap PG, Southan GJ, Vahl CF, Hagl S, Szabo C. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition reduces reperfusion injury after heart transplantation. Circ Res 2002;90:100–6. [21] Zweier JL, Talukder MA. The role of oxidants and free radicals in reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Res 2006;70:181–90. [22] Soos P, Andrasi T, Buhmann V, Kohl B, Vahl C, Hagl S, Szabo G. Myocardial protection after systemic application of L-arginine during reperfusion. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2004;43:782–8. [23] Naidu BV, Fraga C, Salzman AL, Szabo C, Verrier ED, Mulligan MS. Critical role of reactive nitrogen species in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Heart Lung Transplant 2003;22:784–93. [24] Vaschetto R, Kuiper JW, Musters RJ, Eringa EC, Della Corte F, Murthy K, Groeneveld AB, Plotz FB. Renal hypoperfusion and impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in an animal model of VILI: the role of the peroxynitrite-PARP pathway. Crit Care 2010;14:R45.
Spectral energy distribution in x-ray beam as a function of wavelength.

A method is described for obtaining the distribution of energy in an x-ray beam as a function of wavelength. The method consists of obtaining filtration data with suitable filter material, and analyzing this data in terms of Laplace transforms. The desired distribution of energy is obtained in terms of a sum of inverse Laplace transforms.
DIFFUSION OF CHLORIDE, NITRITE, AND NITRATE IN BEEF AND PORK

The diffusion of sodium chloride, nitrite, and nitrate into beef, pork, and pork fat was studied by the porous disc technique. Total salt uptake and boundary concentration analyses were performed on beef. Various salt combinations and concentrations and various muscles were studied. Chloride diffusion was normal by all three methods of analysis, but skew boundaries and decreased uptake of nitrite were observed in the boundary measurements; diffusion rates of nitrite were constant in the porous disc method. Nitrite diffused slower than chloride in meat, but the rate of nitrate diffusion was sometimes greater than that of chloride. Comparison of the results of the steady state diffusion with the total uptake and boundary concentration showed the diffusion of nitrite to be governed by both physical and chemical factors.
A contribution to the nosology and dynamics of adolescent schizophrenia.

“The so-called turmoil view of adolescence, which characterizes this period as one of major symptomatic and behavioral storm and stress, cannot be accepted as valid for the majority of chronological adolescents. ... Thus, failure to apply Bleuler's criteria or, worse, viewing overt or latent classical thought disorder as more or less expected of the adolescent, regularly leads the clinician into the profoundest diagnostic errors.” In his long and definitive study, the result of more than 12 years of work in the area of residential psychiatric treatment, the author presents his views from a combined developmental-object relations vantage point, and draws on a vast bibliography concerned with psychopathology as an expression of developmental failure.
Borehole scale effects and related instabilities

Abstract A new mechanics based approach is proposed for scale effects and instabilities on borehole problems. In borehole types of structural systems, two types of instabilities can take place. The first is due to surface degradation growth and results into spalling of layers at the hole wall. The second is due to damage progression, and results into globally unstable response of the structure. The hole size has been found experimentally to be an important parameter in breakout instability initiation. Laboratory size holes may overestimate instability initiation properties by a large factor. At the same time, material properties such as peak stress depend largely on the size and shape of a specimen subjected to uniaxial or triaxial compression. This work attempts to incorporate size and scale effects into the instability initiation conditions. The important task of transferring information from laboratory experiments to actual large scale engineering problems is analysed and discussed. The potential of the theory is demonstrated. The need for further experimental and theoretical work is identified.
On the nature of the spin ground state of iron(II) in Fe(2,9-di-CH3-phenanthroline)2(NCS)2

Abstract The temperature dependence of the zero field Mossbauer spectrum and magnetic susceptibility of Fe(2,9-di-CH3-phenanthroline)2(NCS)2 over the range 1.8 to 300 K shows that the complex contains spin quintet iron(II) at all temperatures. The ligand is apparently to the weak field side of the ‘crossover point’ and contrary to the results of a previous study there is no evidence of a transition to a lower multiplicity (triplet or singlet) ground state. The observed decrease of the magnetic moment (4.81 μβ at 302 K to 3.48 μβ at 1.82 K) is consistent with zero field splitting (|D|≈ 5 cm−1) of the ground spin manifold.
High-performance liquid chromatography of human milk triacylglycerols and gas chromatography of component fatty acids.

Human milk triacylglycerols were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography. A 5-μ Supelcosil LC-18 column (Supelco, Inc., Bellefonte, PA) was used with acetone/acetonitrile (64∶36, vol/vol) as mobile phase. Triacylglycerols were tentatively identified based on theoretical carbon number and relative retention time. Despite changes resulting from dietary fat variation, the major component triacylglycerols were those composed of palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids. Triacylglycerols with palmitic, stearic and oleic acids were present as minor components. Fatty acids were quantified by gas chromatography relative to an internal standard. Ratios of n−6/n−3 fatty acids were found to be high than previously reported.
Asymptotic analysis of the nonlinear equations for an infinite, rubber-like slab under an equilibrated vertical line load

An infinite slab of incompressible Rivlin-Saunders material of constant thickness 2H is subject to an equilibrated, radially varying, vertical body force, comprising a concentrated, downward line load and a smooth, upward, exponentially distributed load with a characteristic decay length R. The deformation is axisymmetric and described by three stretches and a shear strain (or, equivalently, four strains) and a rotation which satisfy three relatively simple compatibility conditions. Force equilibrium is satisfied identically by the introduction of three stress functions. The incompressibility constraint is used to eliminate the normal stretch. With the introduction of stress-strain relations, the field equations are reduced to a set of seven, first-order, quasilinear partial differential equations. The loads, the radial distance, and the unknowns are scaled by the small parameter ɛ=H/R. As ɛ→0, 11 possible sets of field equations are found, including linear plate theory, von Karman plate theory, Foppl membrane theory, large-strain membrane theory, and Wu's large-stretch (asymptotic) membrane theory. Notably absent as limiting cases are thick plate theories.
Adaptive Signal Processing with Photorefractive Systems

ABSTRACT Radio frequency (RF) signal processing systems that use photorefractive crystals to provide key functions are described. Some new experimental results obtained with a time integrating correlator developed to support the acoustooptic null steeringprocessor effort [111 are presented which demonstrate the effectiveness of the photorefractive time integrating approach. We also describe a new adaptive notch filtering system which provides effective and flexible excision of narrowband interference. The system architecture makes optimal use of the unique properties of the photorefractive effect to provide asimple yet highly effective solution for the adaptive signal processing problem.Keywords: photorefractive, adaptive, notch filter, cancellation, interference suppression, signal processing, 1. Photorefractive Correlator The processing of radio frequency (RF) signals has been realized in many forms with the use of acoustooptic deflectors(AOD) to impress the information both spatially and temporally onto optical carriers. For the particular application of signalcorrelation, time integration techniques using detectors with integrative temporal response have been successful where long
Microglial movement to sites of nerve lesion in the leech CNS.

The small glial cells in the central nervous system of the leech, Hirudo medicinalis, have been studied using two histolotical stains. Weak silver carbonate, a classic stain for vertebrate microglia, can selectively stain these small glial cells and shows that they are morphologically similar to vertebrate microglia. Feulgen's DNA-specific stain is useful for counting the compact and distinctive microglial nuclei. In uninjured connectives, which link segmental ganglia, there are134 ± 28 microglia per 210 μm of connective length. Within 24 h after the nerve cord is crushed leech microglia aggregate at the site of injury. This increase in cells, seen both in vivo and in culture, is approximately 5-fold. Although cells do not continue to accumulate at the injury site after the first day, their numbers continue to vary with time in the regions immediately adjacent to the crush for at least one week. A second crush made 24 h after the first shows that leech microglia are capable of responding to repeated injury.
The two-iron ferredoxins in spinach, parsley, pig adrenal cortex, Azotobacter vinelandii, and Clostridium pasteurianum: Studies by magnetic field Mössbauer spectroscopy

Abstract The two-iron ferredoxins from spinach, parsley, Azotobacter vinelandii, Clostridium pasteurianum and the pig adrenal cortex were investigated by Mossbauer spectroscopy at temperatures from 4 to 256°K and in magnetic fields up to 46 kGauss. Computational programs were devised to allow comparison of the experimental data with computer-simulated spectra in order to facilitate identification of the experimental spectral detail with specific Mossbauer spectroscopic parameters (quadrupole splittings, isomer shifts and nuclear hyperfine and nuclear Zeeman interactions). The results of the analysis permit the following properties of the active center to be established directly as the result of these experiments: 1. 1. In the oxidized forms of the proteins, each iron is in the high spin ( S = 5 2 ) ferric state, spin-coupled to produce a resultant molecular diamagnetism for the protein at temperatures below 100°K. 2. 2. In the reduced state of the protein, the active center contains a single ferric site, retaining many properties of the ferric iron in the oxidized protein, but spincoupled to a high spin ( S = 2) ferrous site, producing a molecular paramagnetism due to a net electron spin of one half at low temperatures ( S = 1 2 ). 3. 3. In spinach and parsley ferredoxins, the ligand symmetry around the ferrous site in the reduced form of the proteins is tetrahedral with measurable axial and rhombic distortions. 4. 4. The iron sites in both the oxidized and reduced forms of all the proteins studied are similar, with the possible exception that the ligand symmetry at the ferrous site in the reduced form of the two-iron ferredoxins from C. pasteurianum, A. vinelandii (Azotobacter I and II), and pig adrenal cortex has not been characterized as being square planar or tetrahedral, although octahedral symmetry has been excluded.
Transitions in photoperiodic flowering are common and involve few loci in wild sunflowers (Helianthus; Asteraceae).

UNLABELLED • PREMISE OF THE STUDY Evolutionary changes in how flowering time responds to photoperiod cues have been instrumental in expanding the geographic range of agricultural production for many crop species. Locally adaptive natural variation in photoperiod response present in wild relatives of crop plants could be leveraged to further improve the present and future climatic ranges of cultivation or to increase region-specific yields. Previous work has demonstrated ample variability in photoperiod response among wild populations of the common sunflower, Helianthus annuus. Here, we characterize patterns of photoperiod response variation throughout the genus and examine the genetic architecture of intraspecific divergence.• METHODS The requirement of short day lengths for floral induction was characterized for a phylogenetically dispersed sample of Helianthus species. In addition, flowering time was assessed under short days and long days for a population of F3 individuals derived from crosses between day-neutral and short-day, wild H. annuus parents.• KEY RESULTS An obligate requirement for short-day induced flowering has evolved repeatedly in Helianthus, and this character was correlated with geographic ranges restricted to the southern United States. Parental flowering times under long days were recovered in high proportion in the F3 generation.• CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings (1) reveal that substantial variation in the nature of flowering time responses to photoperiod cues has arisen during the evolution of wild sunflowers and (2) suggest these transitions may be largely characterized by simple genetic architectures. Thus, introgression of wild alleles may be a tractable means of genetically tailoring sunflower cultivars for climate-specific production.
Imaging techniques for abdominal emergencies

Abstract Ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have given the clinician new and valuable tools that can assist with timely and noninvasive diagnosis of a variety of abdominal emergencies in pediatrics. Plain films, though less sensitive or specific, still have a role in emergency imaging and remain the most widely available modality in many emergency departments. This article will provide the emergency physician with the strengths and weaknesses of various imaging techniques. Imaging choices are suggested that may provide the most useful clinical information when the physician must sort out signs and symptoms that could be related to a potential abdominal emergency.
Memory organization for improved data cache performance in embedded processors

Code generation for embedded processors creates opportunities for several performance optimizations not applicable for traditional compilers. We present techniques for improving data cache performance by organizing variables declared in embedded code into memory, using specific parameters of the data cache. Our approach clusters variables to minimize compulsory cache misses, and solves the memory assignment problem to minimize conflict cache misses. Our experiments demonstrate significant improvement in data cache performance (average 46\% in hit ratios) by the application of our memory organization technique using code kernels from DSP and other domains on the LSI Logic CW4001 embedded processor.
Why Cooperation Failed in 1914

World War I arose from six remarkable misperceptions that swept through Europe before 1914. Europeans exaggerated the efficacy of offensive military strategies and tactics; overestimated the hostility of neighboring states; falsely believed that strength and bellicosity could intimidate opponents; exaggerated the economic value of empire; believed that war itself was beneficial; and taught themselves a mythical nationalistic history. These misperceptions fostered expansionist foreign policies and bolstered arguments for preemptive and preventive war. They also precluded resort to Tit-for-Tat strategies to achieve cooperation through reciprocity. All of the problems discussed in this collection of essays—perverse payoff structures, short shadows of the future, and large numbers of players—were created or exacerbated by these misconceptions. This case suggests that peace can require political action projects to control malignant misperceptions, although history warns that such projects will not succeed easily.
Synergistic nutrient colimitation across a gradient of ecosystem fragmentation in subtropical mangrove-dominated wetlands

We examined benthic algal response to nutrient enrichment by nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and N + Pi n mangrove wetlands of The Bahamas, to test the hypothesis that human impacts (fragmentation) on these ecosystems altered nutrient limitation, thereby changing the frequency and/or magnitude at which ecological synergies occurred. Fragmentation occurred due to road construction, resulting in reduced hydrological connectivity between the wetlands and marine environment. Strong, persistent, and synergistic nutrient colimitation occurred in both pristine and fragmented estuaries. Ecosystem fragmentation did not alter the biomass response to dual nutrient enrichment, but did alter the relative magnitude of the nonadditive response. That is, synergistic responses were less extreme in fragmented systems. This was supported by the strong, negative relationship between ambient algal biomass (a surrogate for background productivity) and the strength of synergistic responses (R2 5 0.69 and 0.79, year 1 and year 2, respectively). Bahamian coastal ecosystems exhibited the greatest synergistic responses reported for a marine ecosystem, suggesting that the benthic algal communities associated with Bahamian wetlands are among the most nutrient-limited marine ecosystems. Our findings provide a case study illustrating how altered nutrient dynamics associated with land-use change may decrease the frequency and/or magnitude of synergistic responses to nutrients in aquatic ecosystems.
Canine Bullous Pemphigoid (BP): Identification of the 180-kd Canine BP Antigen by Circulating Autoantibodies

Human bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an immune-mediated blistering disease characterized by autoantibodies against BP antigens (230/180 kd), which are constitutive glycoproteins of hemidesmosomes found in basal keratinocytes. Blistering diseases similar to human BP have been reported in dogs. IgG deposits at the basement membrane zone (BMZ) are a common feature of canine BP. Although circulating anti-BMZ IgG autoantibodies have been demonstrated in some cases of canine BP, the specific skin protein targeted by these autoantibodies has not been identified. In this study, we characterized the antigenic target of the autoantibodies in the serum from a 3-year-old castrated male Pit Bull Terrier with BP. Direct immunofluorescence of the patient's skin demonstrated IgG deposits at the dermal-epidermal junction. Indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated autoantibodies in the patient's serum that stained the epidermal roof of salt-split canine skin and left the dermal floor unstained. These serum autoantibodies did not stain normal intact dog skin but labeled intact bovine tongue. Direct immunoelectron microscopy of the dog's skin revealed IgG deposits within the hemidesmosomes of the basal keratinocytes. Western immunoblotting experiments showed that canine keratinocytes express both the 230-kd and 180-kd bullous pemphigoid antigens, and the autoantibodies from the patient's serum recognized the 180-kd bullous pemphigoid antigen in proteins extracted from canine and human keratinocytes. Canine BP has many parallel features with human BP including similar immune deposition of IgG within hemidesmosomes and a hemidesmosome-associated 180-kd glycoprotein target for circulating autoantibodies.
An Algebra for an Entity-Relationship Model and Its Application to Graphical Query Processing

Algebras for entity-relationship (ER) models have recently begun to emerge. Chen proposed an algebra for a binary ER model with directional relationships [2]. Markowitz and Raz [5] and Parent and Spaccapietra [7] have proposed algebras for ER models that are derived from or patterned after relational algebra. Markowitz and Raz have also proposed a query language, ERROL, based on their algebra [6].
A comparative study of the realization of rate-based computing services in general purpose operating systems

Scheduling architectures that support a late abstraction are becoming increasingly popular for realizing real-time services in general-purpose operating systems. While many rate-based schemes have been proposed, there has been little discussion of the relative merits of each approach. We study the performance of a set of multimedia applications under three different late-based scheduling schemes implemented in the FreeBSD operating system: a proportional share scheme (Earliest Eligible Virtual Deadline First scheduling), a polling, server-based scheme (the Constant Bandwidth Server), and a rate-based extension to the original Liu and Layland task model (Rate-Based Execution). Furthermore, we consider three specific scheduling problems: scheduling application level tasks, scheduling system calls, and scheduling the kernel-level processing of data input from devices such as network interfaces. Based on empirical evidence, we conclude that "one size does not fit all"-that no one rate-based resource allocation scheme suffices for all scheduling problems along the data path from the device to an application. Rather, we achieve the best performance for our multimedia workload when we apply different rate-based scheduling policies at different layers of the operating system such as proportional share scheduling of system calls and application tasks, and rate-based Liu and Layland scheduling of device processing.
Is Art Modern? Kristeller's ‘Modern System of the Arts’ Reconsidered

Kristeller's article ‘The Modern System of the Arts: A Study in the History of Aesthetics’ is a classic statement of the view, now widely adopted but rarely examined, that aesthetics became possible only in the eighteenth-century with the emergence of the fine arts. I wish to contest this view, for three reasons. Firstly, Kristeller's historical account can be questioned; alternative and equally plausible accounts are available. Secondly, ‘the modern system of the arts’ appears to have been neither a system nor an agreed upon entity, but only a historical construct of Kristeller's own making that matches up with no known historical reality. Thirdly, while the concept of the fine arts existed in the eighteenth century, the assumption that it had an impact on the rise of aesthetic theory remains unproven and unnecessary. A more satisfactory account of aesthetic thought in antiquity can be given, once the ‘fine-arts’ objection has been cleared away.
Tragic Proportions: The Art of Tyranny and the Politics of the Soul in Hamlet

AbstractEstablishing the Platonic context of Shakespeare's aestheticized politics, this essay reads Hamlet as a moral philosophic study in tyrannical regimes both internal and external. It argues t...
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway is coupled to Toll-like receptor 5 to mediate gene regulation in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in human airway epithelial cells.

In this study, we show that stimulation of human airway epithelial cells (HAECs) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1 induces time- and dose-dependent activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Activated p38 MAPK stayed in the cytoplasm instead of translocating to the nucleus, as shown by cellular fractionation. p38 MAPK was activated when HAECs were incubated with P. aeruginosa strain PAK and Burkholderia cepacia, while little activation was observed with the isogenic flagellin-free strains PAK/fliC and B. cepacia BC/fliC. The presence of Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) in 293 cells mediated PAO1-dependent activation of p38 MAPK, and in HAECs p38 MAPK activation was blocked by the overexpression of a dominant negative TLR5. Two inhibitors of p38 MAPK, SB202190 and SB203580, significantly attenuated PAO1-dependent expression of an NF-κB-dependent luciferase reporter gene, suggesting that p38 MAPK activation is required for full activation of NF-κB-dependent signaling. Microarray analysis of NF-κB target genes revealed up-regulation of multiple genes by PAO1 in HAECs. Reverse transcription-PCR and protein expression analysis were used to show that up-regulation of NF-κB-dependent genes induced by PAO1, such as the genes encoding Cox-2 and interleukin-8, was attenuated by SB203580. These results demonstrate a role for p38 MAPK signaling in gene regulation in response to P. aeruginosa via TLR5.
Dynamic frequency hopping in wireless cellular systems-simulations of full-replacement and reduced-overhead methods

We examine techniques for increasing spectral efficiency of cellular systems by using slow frequency hopping with dynamic frequency-hop pattern adaptation. The adaptation is driven by rapid frequency quality estimates. We present simulation studies that express system performance by calculating code word error cumulative distribution functions. The impact of path loss, shadowing, Rayleigh fading, co-channel interference, voice activity and occupancy is monitored. Simulations have been done for circuit-switched systems. The paper investigates: (a) full-replacement dynamic frequency hopping (DFH); (b) worst-dwell DFH; and (c) threshold-based DFH. The results show that full-replacement dynamic frequency hopping can support twice as many users as random frequency hopping. The two other techniques perform worse than the full-replacement technique, but better than random hopping.
Riccati conditioning and sensitivity for a MinMax controlled cable-mass system

In this paper we present a numerical study that investigates the relationship between the parameter q, used in the design of the MinMax controller, and the conditioning of the approximate algebraic Riccati equations, the sensitivity of the eigenvalues of I-?2P? to ? as well as the effect of q on the stability radia and the stability margin of the system. In order to guarantee accurate numerical solutions to the approximate Riccati equations, the Riccati equations must remain well-conditioned for the values of ? that are considered. This condition number reflects the combined sensitivity of the Riccati equations to the system inputs A, B, R, C and ?. In addition, we also consider the sensitivity of the eigenvalues of I-?2P? to ?. We study the possibility of these sensitivities serving as an indication of the largest value of ? for which I-?2P? remains positive definite. This sensitivity could also serve as an indication of the accuracy of the computation of I-?2P?. Lastly, in order to design efficient low order controllers, it is important to ensure the robustness of the design. Stability radius and stability margin serve as measures of the robustness of the controller. A one-dimensional nonlinear cable mass system is considered to illustrate these ideas and numerical results are presented.
A Rule-Driven Dynamic Programming Decoder for Statistical MT

The paper presents an extension of a dynamic programming (DP) decoder for phrase-based SMT (Koehn, 2004; Och and Ney, 2004) that tightly integrates POS-based re-order rules (Crego and Marino, 2006) into a left-to-right beam-search algorithm, rather than handling them in a pre-processing or re-order graph generation step. The novel decoding algorithm can handle tens of thousands of rules efficiently. An improvement over a standard phrase-based decoder is shown on an Arabic- English translation task with respect to translation accuracy and speed for large re-order window sizes.
Mechanism of inhibition of Catalase by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole.

Abstract Injection of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT) reduces the catalase activity of six solid tissues in the same order as does the implantation of a tumor. In vitro , dilute AT, in combination with a widely distributed heat-stable factor (HSF), reduces the activity of crystalline catalase. Alcoholtreated HSF prevents catalase inhibition by an otherwise active HSF-AT system.
Combining IEEE Standard 1149.1 with reduced-pin-count component test

This paper describes a boundary-scan structure that permits comprehensive testing of level-sensitive-scan design (LSSD) components with high signal input/output (I/O) pin counts, using relatively inexpensive reduced-pin-count automatic testing equipment (ATE). Furthermore, the structure conforms to IEEE Standard 1149.1, Test Access Port and Boundary-Scan Architecture, which simplifies testing of assembled printed-circuit boards or other multi-component substrates. >
The Immune Response of Guinea Pigs to Hapten-poly-L-Lysine Conjugates

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the immune response of guinea pigs to hapten-poly- L -lysine (PLL) conjugates. Mating experiments with random bred Hartley strain guinea pigs have permitted an analysis of the genetic control of the response to PLL conjugates. The study of the responses of the offspring from the matings of responders, of nonresponders, and of the F 1 generation from Strain 2 and Strain 13 guinea pigs established that the ability to respond to DNP(dinitrophenyl)-PLL, and therefore to GL, and DNP-GL is inherited as an autosomal dominant gene, which has been designated as the PLL gene. In spite of being controlled by the same gene, the cellular specificity of these immune responses is remarkable. It is found that when the specificity of delayed hypersensitivity reactions were investigated, only weak cross-reactions could be observed between DNP-protamine and DNP-polyarginine and much weaker ones between these compounds and DNP-PLL
The Substitute Effect of Monitoring Mechanisms and Performance-Based Executive Compensation in Family Firms: Evidence from an Emerging Market

Family owners and foreign institutional investors have played a vital role in shaping the development of corporate compensation practices in Asian emerging markets. However, family owners and foreign institutional investors may differ in their use of incentive plans for top management as a result of different levels of monitoring costs. This study investigates the substitute effect of monitoring mechanisms and incentive-based compensation on agency mitigation issues between managers and shareholders for family firms in the Taiwanese electronics industry over the period from 2005 to 2009. Our results show that compared to non-family firms, family firms are less likely to use incentive-based compensation for top management. This is consistent with family owners’ direct monitoring and superior information advantages over non-family shareholders. Furthermore, we find that greater foreign institutional ownership in family firms is more likely to be correlated with greater use of performance-based compensation contracts for top management. We also find that compared to small family firms, large family firms are more likely to use incentive-based executive compensation to mitigate agency problems.
A Combined Patient and Provider Intervention for Management of Osteoarthritis in Veterans: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background Management of osteoarthritis (OA) requires both medical and behavioral strategies, but there is low use of some recommended therapies.
Long Noncoding RNAs: Critical Regulators for Cell Lineage Commitment in the Central Nervous System

Less than 3 % of the human genome encodes protein sequences and the majority of transcribed sequences are noncoding. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) refer to transcripts lacking in protein-coding potential and longer than 200 nt. lncRNAs are less conserved across species and expressed at a relatively lower level. The expression patterns of lncRNAs are more cell-type-specific than protein-coding genes. Currently, there are 8359 lncRNA genes annotated in Mouse GENCODE version M6 and 15,931 in Human GENCODE version 23. The number of lncRNA genes is still steadily increasing. Many lncRNAs have been shown to play crucial roles in regulating the expression of protein-coding genes during various biological processes. Particularly, lnRNAs can function as regulators during development and cell differentiation. Herein, we discussed the regulated expression and the functions of lncRNAs, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. Specifically, we highlighted the importance of lnRNAs in the central nervous system, and their regulatory roles during neural cell-fate determination.
Ectoparasites of the Red Squirrel (Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus) and the Eastern Chipmunk (Tamias Striatus) from Indiana

Ectoparasite recoveries are detailed from 93 Red Squirrels and 81 Eastern Chipmunks from Indiana. Parasites not previously reported from Indiana are the lice Enderleinellus tamiasciuri and Neohaematopinus semifasciatus ; the chiggers Euschoengastia setosa and Leptotrombidium peromysci ; and the mites Aplodontopus sciuricola, Eucheyletia bishoppi and Dermacarus tamiasciuri . New host records are Eucheyletia bishoppi, Xenoryctes latiporus, Haemogamasus ambulans, Androlaelaps casalis and Pygmephorus hastatus , all on Tamias striatus .
Dark-Spored Agarics—II: Gomphidius and Stropharia

This genus is distinguished by its glutinous veil; decurrent, waxy lamellae; and black, elongate spores. There are very few species and these occur mostly in temperate regions. The single tropical species, G. jamaicensis, is known only from Cinchona, Jamaica, at an altitude of 1,500 meters. G. vinicolor occurs in California; G. oregonensis is abundant on the Pacific coast; and G. tomentosus is rare; the last two species being known only from the coastal region.
Distribution of Sabellaria vulgaris Verrill (Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) on a sandflat in Delaware Bay

The vertical distribution of the polychaete Sabellaria vulgaris Verrill and its sandgrain tube material was studied on a sandflat near the mouth of the Mispillion River in Delaware Bay. Numbers of live worms, and amounts of tube material were determined for 13 exposure time zones on the sandflat. Exposure zones were established according to measurements made during an extreme low-water spring tide. Numbers of live worms declined sharply above the 126–150-minute exposure zone. Almost no live worms were found above 175 minutes of exposure. The largest amount of tube (colony) material was found in the area characterized as the 101–150-minute exposure zone. There was less colony material both above and below this level on the sandflat. An explanation as to why the 101–150-minute exposure zone is optimal for tube construction is proposed, and a comparision with the zonation of Sabellaria alveolata in England is made.
On the CRLB of TDOA/FDOA estimation from MIMO signals

Passive localization of a radio emitter on the ground is an important subject in military and security contexts. In passive localization, the time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) and frequency-difference-of-arrival (FDOA) combination of the received signals can be used to determine the location of an emitter. The performance of the TDOA/FDOA estimation using single-input-single-output (SISO) signals is well-known in the literature. However, multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) signals and how they affect the TDOA/FDOA estimation accuracy have not studied before. In this paper, we investigate the problem of the TDOA/FDOA estimation using MIMO signals. The Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the TDOA/FDOA estimation is derived as a benchmark to evaluate the impact of MIMO transmission. To make the derivations easier to understand, the CRLB is first formulated for SISO signals. Then, the results are extended to MIMO signals with any arbitrary number of transmit antennas. The maximum likelihood (ML) estimator of TDOA/FDOA is shown to be determined by calculating the cross ambiguity function. The performance of the ML estimator is compared with the CRLB through computer simulations.
Novel Liquid Phase Microreactors for Safe Production of Hazardous Specialty Chemicals

A novel liquid-phase microreactor with thin film temperature sensing, good thermal management, and fast mixing has been fabricated for the production of hazardous specialty chemicals, specifically for organic peroxides. The reactor has been characterized and shown to be suitable for these types of applications. Moreover, fast mixing at 10ms and good heat transfer based on an overall heat transfer coefficient of 1445 W/m2°C were demonstrated. The established linear resistive response of the temperature sensors was confirmed experimentally, and the reactor was shown to operate at 11 psi at the 1.0 ml/min design flow rate.
Carbodiimide Hardening of Gelatin

AbstractCarbodiimides con rapidly and effectively crosslink gelatin solutions and films. By proper choice of gelatin concentration and pH, these fast acting hardeners can be incorporated in gelatin solutions which have stable viscosity and can be cast into films which rapidly harden without after-hardening. Carbodiimides are attractive os hardeners for gelatin—silver halide photographic emulsions.