cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dietary and Nutraceutical Options for Managing the Hypertriglyceridemic Patient

Scientific evidence continues to accumulate regarding fasting serum triglycerides as an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. In response, the National Cholesterol Education Program has revised the acceptable level of fasting triglycerides from <200 mg/dL to <150 mg/dL. A significant percentage of Americans suffer from hypertriglyceridemia, and considering the expanding numbers of individuals who are physically inactive, overweight, and suffering from the metabolic syndrome, it is expected that these numbers will continue to rise over the next decade. Fortunately, nutraceutical and lifestyle options have been shown to substantially and consistently reduce this risk factor. This review will focus on management options for the hypertriglyceridemic patient with an emphasis on nicotinic acid, pantethine, fish oils (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids), and modified carbohydrate diets.
Nonlinear flutter aspects of the flexible high-speed civil transport semispan model

The nonlinear aspects that lead to the flutter of the flexible semispan model of a high-speed civil transport wing configuration are analyzed. A hierarchy of spectral moments was used to determine the characteristics of the aerodynamic loading and structural strains and motions. The results show that the frequency of the bending motion of the wing varied significantly as the Mach number was increased between 0.90 and 0.97. Examination of the pressure coefficients in terms of mean value and fluctuations showed that the flow characteristics over the wing changed significantly around a Mach number of 0.97. A strong shock was identified near the trailing edge. Nonlinear analysis of the pressure fluctuations, under these conditions, showed nonlinear coupling involving lowfrequency components at pressure locations where the mean value was at a local minimum. This shows that the aerodynamic forces acting on the model had nonlinearly coupled frequency components. The presented results show how nonlinear analysis tools can be used to identify nonlinear aspects of the flutter phenomenon, which are needed in the validation of nonlinear computational methodologies.
Depressive Symptoms and Short Telomere Length Are Associated with Increased Mortality in Bladder Cancer Patients

Background: Depression is associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with cancer; it has been hypothesized that depression-associated alterations in cell aging mechanisms, in particular, the telomere/telomerase maintenance system, may underlie this increased risk. We evaluated the association of depressive symptoms and telomere length to mortality and recurrence/progression in 464 patients with bladder cancer. Methods: We used the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorder (SCID) to assess current depressive symptoms and lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD), respectively, and telomere length was assessed from peripheral blood lymphocytes. Multivariate Cox regression was used to assess the association of depression and telomere length to outcomes and the joint effect of both. Kaplan–Meier plots and log-rank tests were used to compare survival time of subgroups by depression variables and telomere length. Results: Patients with depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16) had a 1.83-fold [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08–3.08; P = 0.024] increased risk of mortality compared with patients without depressive symptoms (CES-D < 16) and shorter disease-free survival time ( P = 0.004). Patients with both depressive symptoms and lifetime history of MDD were at 4.88-fold (95% CI, 1.40–16.99; P = 0.013) increased risk compared with patients with neither condition. Compared to patients without depressive symptoms and long telomere length, patients with depressive symptoms and short telomeres exhibited a 4-fold increased risk of mortality (HR, 3.96; 95% CI, 1.86–8.41; P = 0.0003) and significantly shorter disease-free survival time ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: Short telomere length and depressive symptoms are associated with bladder cancer mortality individually and jointly. Impact: Further investigation of interventions that impact depression and telomere length may be warranted in patients with cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(2); 336–43. ©2014 AACR . This article is featured in Highlights of This Issue, [p. 321][1] [1]: /lookup/volpage/24/321?iss=2
The Advanced Photon Source control system

The Advanced Photon Source (APS), along with its injection accelerators, is to be controlled and monitored with a single, flexible, and expandable control system. The control system must be capable of operating the APS storage ring alone, and in conjunction with its injector linacs, positron accumulator, and injector synchrotron for filling as well as operating both storage ring and injection facilities as machines with separate missions. The control system design is based on the precepts of high-performance workstations as operators consoles, distributed microprocessors to control equipment interfacing and preprocess data, and an interconnecting network. The current design includes about 45 distributed microprocessors and five console systems, which may consist of one or more workstations. Hardware and software organization is discussed for this control system. >
TWENTY‐FIVE YEARS IS A LONG TIME

In the 25 years since Writing Culture was published, ethnography has radically expanded its objects and registers. Drawing on a range of examples, this paper considers some of the issues raised by an ethnography of stone.
Interactive Community Bulletin Boards as Conversational Hubs and Sites for Playful Visual Repartee

In this paper we describe an interactive community bulletin board installed within a neighborhood cafe and art gallery, and the interactions that take place around and through the board. The board features cafe information and email list sign up, but also allows customers to create publicly displayed, persistent, finger-drawn, digital scribbles. In providing this community composition and posting feature, our board differs from more commonly available designs for one-way advertising of products. Following analysis of the scribbles, and interviews with scribble creators and readers, we offer a brief description of the textual and visual play and repartee patrons engage in. We discuss content forms posted to the board, differentiating between solitary and collaborative play, messaging, and conversational exchange. Our discussion addresses open questions regarding the perspectives and theories that can be applied to address this new form of site-specific, public media exchange
Perturbation theory for intermolecular interactions in the wave-operator formalism

A Schrodinger‐type perturbation theory for intermolecular or interatomic interactions is developed in the wave‐operator formalism. To include all exchange effects, wavefunctions are used whose symmetry with respect to permutations of both electronic and nuclear coordinates can be prescribed arbitrarily. This necessitates a modification of the usual perturbation theory. The interaction energy is obtained as a series in ascending powers of the interaction operator. It is proved that every term in this series is real and that the terms of even order are negative definite for perturbation of the ground state. It is verified that up to and including third order the results of this theory, if they are restricted to electron exchange only, agree exactly with those of the Eisenschitz—London theory.
Pulse compression during second-harmonic generation in aperiodic quasi-phase-matching gratings

We propose a simple means for compressing optical pulses with second-harmonic generation. Aperiodic quasi-phase-matching gratings impart a frequency-dependent phase shift on the second-harmonic pulse relative to the fundamental pulse and can be engineered to correct for arbitrary phase distortions. The mechanism is discussed, and a detailed analysis of the compression of quadratic phase (linear frequency) chirped pulses is presented.
Eye Movements and Reliance on External Memory Aids Predict Team Success in a Military Planning Task

Participants completed a complex team exercise designed to mimic military planning operations. Each member of the three-person team was eye-tracked as they completed the group task. Members of successful teams had more fixations, were less reliant on external memory aids (push-pins), and created plans that were longer. Additionally, team members in key roles were more likely to experience decisional conflict and to have less confidence in their performance. Further examination of this finding showed that those who experienced greater decisional conflict also had fewer fixations. Low level eye movements may indicate high level team cognition.
Dueling Narratives: How Peer Leaders Use Narrative to Frame Meaning in Community Mental Health Care Teams

This article looks at leadership in interorganizational peer-led teams: people from different backgrounds and organizations who are at comparable hierarchical levels with the leader. It also looks at the challenges of leading such a group to a new model of thinking in which the traditionally dominant frame is no longer valid. This research, reporting on observations of 118 child and family team meetings in a community children's mental health system of care, looks at the acquisition of power and leadership through team leaders' and members' use of narrative to frame and reframe meaning.
Enhanced NOx by lightning in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere inferred from the UARS Global NO2 measurements

his paper reveals a possible connection between lightning activity and the UARS NO 2 data on a global scale. NO 2 measured by the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) is analyzed for the entire year of 1993 and compared to the seasonal and global lightning distributions inferred from the Optical Transient Detector (OTD). The results suggest a link between lightning activity and observed high levels of NO 2 in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Enhanced NO 2 mixing ratios significantly above the background level are consistently found in areas of elevated lightning activity. This relation is strongest in the tropical regions during the summer and spring months of the Northern and Southem Hemispheres. Moreover, the results show that background levels of NO 2 mixing ratios generally correspond to areas of little or no lightning activity.
Grey-box modeling architectures for rotational dynamic control in automotive engines

Real-time model-based control of complex automotive systems rely on developing high fidelity models which balance accuracy and computation load. These models can be developed by using grey-box modeling techniques. In this paper, a feedforward artificial neural networks model is combined with a physical engine model to form a grey-box model which predicts engine rotational dynamics. The grey-box model with different architectures is tested using a range of transient experimental data. In particular, serial and parallel error-based grey-box architectures are compared to determine the better architecture. The results demonstrate the grey-box model significantly enhance the prediction results from the engine physical model. The serial grey-box is found as the preferred architecture but the parallel grey-box can reach the same performance as that of the serial grey-box if the embedded physical model inside the grey-box has sufficient accuracy.
Perpendicular and in-Plane Anisotropy in Amorphous Tb-Fe

During the last two decades amorphous Tb-Fe has been a much studied system both because it has been a testing ground for theories of random anisotropy and because of its magnetooptical storage applications.
A 21-GHz 8-Modulus Prescaler and a 20-GHz Phase-Locked Loop Fabricated in 130-nm CMOS

A 1.5-V 256-263 8-modulus prescaler and a 1.5-V integer-N phase-locked loop (PLL) with eight different output frequencies have been implemented in a 0.13-mum foundry CMOS process. The synchronous divide-by-4/5 circuit uses current mode logic (CML) D-flip-flops with resistive loads to achieve 21-GHz maximum operating frequency at input power of 0 dBm. The divider is used to implement an 8-modulus prescaler consuming 6-mA current and 9-mW power. This extremely low power consumption is achieved by radically decreasing the sizes of transistors in the divider. Utilizing the prescaler, a charge-pump integer-N PLL has been demonstrated with 20-GHz output frequency. The in-band phase noise of the PLL at 60-kHz offset and out-of-band phase noise at 10-MHz offset are ~-80 dBc/Hz and -116.1 dBc/Hz, respectively. The locking range is from 20.05 to 21 GHz. The PLL consumes 15-mA current and 22.5-mW power from a 1.5-V power supply.
Functional Characterization of Thioesterase Superfamily Member 1/Acyl-CoA Thioesterase 11: Implications for Metabolic Regulation

Thioesterase superfamily member 1 (Them1; synonyms acyl-CoA thioesterase 11 and StarD14) is highly expressed in brown adipose tissue and limits energy expenditure in mice. Them1 is a putative fatty acyl-CoA thioesterase that comprises tandem hot dog-fold thioesterase domains and a lipid-binding C-terminal steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related lipid transfer (START) domain. To better define its role in metabolic regulation, this study examined the biochemical and enzymatic properties of Them1. Purified recombinant Them1 dimerized in solution to form an active fatty acyl-CoA thioesterase. Dimerization was induced by fatty acyl-CoAs, coenzyme A (CoASH), ATP, and ADP. Them1 hydrolyzed a range of fatty acyl-CoAs but exhibited a relative preference for long-chain molecular species. Thioesterase activity varied inversely with temperature, was stimulated by ATP, and was inhibited by ADP and CoASH. Whereas the thioesterase domains of Them1 alone were sufficient to yield active recombinant protein, the START domain was required for optimal enzyme activity. An analysis of subcellular fractions from mouse brown adipose tissue and liver revealed that Them1 contributes principally to the fatty acyl-CoA thioesterase activity of microsomes and nuclei. These findings suggest that under biological conditions, Them1 functions as a lipid-regulated fatty acyl-CoA thioesterase that could be targeted for the management of metabolic disorders.
The correlation between passage rate of digesta and dry matter digestibility in various stages of swine

The relationship between passage rate of digesta (PRD) and apparent faecal dry matter digestibility (DMD) was investigated in five trials. In trial 1, 2, and 3, 36 weanling (16.9±3.0 kg), 24 growing (51.3±8.8 kg), and 23 finishing (104.8±5.2 kg) barrows were housed in metabolic crates. The beginning and end of 5-day collection periods were marked by the addition of 0.5% indigo carmine to the feed for total faeces collection and PRD determination by observing the time required for the marker to appear. In trial 4 and 5, 21 gestating gilts (215.0±15.0 kg), and 19 lactating sows were individually penned. Addition of 0.5% chromic oxide to the feed enabled indirect determination of DMD and PRD. The PRD, which ranged from 12 to 80 h, was positively correlated with DMD in weanling (R 2 =0.483, Pb0.001), growing (R 2 =0.425, Pb0.01), and finishing (R 2 =0.553, Pb0.001) pigs. Body weight and DMD were not significantly correlated in weanling (R 2 =0.001, P=0.893), growing (R 2 =0.000, P=0.995), or finishing (R 2 =0.092, P=0.156) pigs. A positive correlation between PRD, which ranged from 27 to 102 h, and DMD occurred in gestating gilts (R 2 =0.231, Pb0.05), but not in lactating sows (R 2 =0.014, P=0.633). The results indicate that longer retention times of digesta improve DMD in swine. Also the results indicate the importance of PRD as a potential independent variable in digestibility assessments.
Relationship Between Modifiable Health Risks and Short-term Health Care Charges

ContextIf physical inactivity, obesity, and smoking status prove to contribute significantly to increased health care charges within a short period of time, health plans and payers may wish to invest in strategies to modify these risk factors. However, few data are available to guide such resource allocation decisions.ObjectiveTo examine the relationship of modifiable health risks to subsequent health care charges after controlling for age, race, sex, and chronic conditions.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCohort study of a stratified random sample of 5689 adults (75.5% of total sample of 7535) aged 40 years or older who were enrolled in a Minnesota health plan and completed a 60-item questionnaire.Main Outcome MeasureResource use as measured by billed health care charges from July 1, 1995, to December 31, 1996, compared by health risk (physical activity, body mass index [BMI], and smoking status).ResultsThe mean annual per patient charge in the total study population was $3570 (median, $600), and 15% of patients had no charges during the study period. After adjustment for age, race, sex, and chronic disease status, physical activity (4.7% lower health care charges per active day per week), BMI (1.9% higher charges per BMI unit), current smoking status (18% higher charges), and history of tobacco use (25.8% higher charges) were prospectively related to health care charges over 18 months. Never-smokers with a BMI of 25 kg/m2 and who participated in physical activity 3 days per week had mean annual health care charges that were approximately 49% lower than physically inactive smokers with a BMI of 27.5 kg/m2.ConclusionsOur data suggest that adverse health risks translate into significantly higher health care charges within 18 months. Health plans or payers seeking to minimize health care charges may wish to consider strategic investments in interventions that effectively modify adverse health risks.
Adaptability in Engineered Resilient Systems (ERS).

System complexity continues to escalate with the rapid advances of technology and research in resilience engineering is of great interest as the result of managing such complexity. In order to fully understand resilience engineering and it's supporting elements, a resilience framework is proposed outlining supporting elemental definitions and their complementary roles. The challenge in conducting decision-making can be assisted by quantifying the elements of the resilience framework to make informed decisions. This paper outlines a resilience framework and focuses on adaptability as a key resilience characteristic.
Inhibition of aortic wall calcification in bioprosthetic heart valves by ethanol pretreatment: Biochemical and biophysical mechanisms

The effectiveness of ethanol pretreatment on preventing calcification of glutaraldehyde-fixed porcine aortic bioprosthetic heart valve (BPHV) cusps was previously demonstrated, and the mechanism of action of ethanol was attributed in part to both lipid removal and a specific collagen conformational change. In the present work, the effect of ethanol pretreatment on BPHV aortic wall calcification was investigated using both rat subdermal and sheep circulatory implants. Ethanol pretreatment significantly inhibited calcification of BPHV aortic wall, but with less than complete inhibition. The maximum inhibition of calcification of BPHV aortic wall was achieved using an 80% ethanol pretreatment; calcium levels were 71.80+/-8.45 microg/mg with 80% ethanol pretreatment compared to the control calcium level of 129.90+/-7.24 microg/mg (p = 0.001). Increasing the duration of ethanol exposure did not significantly improve the inhibitory effect of ethanol on aortic wall calcification. In the sheep circulatory implants, ethanol pretreatment partly prevented BPHV aortic wall calcification with a calcium level of 28.02+/-4.42 microg/mg compared to the control calcium level of 56.35+/-6.14 microg/mg (p = 0.004). Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) studies of ethanol-pretreated BPHV aortic wall (vs. control) demonstrated a significant change in protein structure due to ethanol pretreatment. The water content of the aortic wall tissue and the spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) as assessed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy did not change significantly owing to ethanol pretreatment. The optimum condition of 80% ethanol pretreatment almost completely extracted both phospholipids and cholesterol from the aortic wall; despite this, significant calcification occurred. In conclusion, these results clearly demonstrate that ethanol pretreatment is significantly but only partially effective for inhibition of calcification of BPHV aortic wall and this effect may be due in part to lipid extraction and protein structure changes caused by ethanol. It is hypothesized that ethanol pretreatment may be of benefit for preventing bioprosthetic aortic wall calcification only in synergistic combination with another agent.
Use of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the evaluation of splenic lesions in a cancer center

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the spleen was performed on 50 patients, of whom 40 had had a previous diagnosis of malignancy (23 lymphoproliferative disorders, 13 carcinomas, 3 melanomas, and 1 sarcoma). The cytologic diagnoses included 22 cases positive for malignancy (10 lymphomas, 9 metastatic carcinomas, 2 metastatic melanomas, and 1 sarcoma), 18 cases negative for malignancy, 4 cases suspicious for malignancy, and 6 nondiagnostic specimens. No major complications were associated with the FNAB procedure, however, one patient did develop a pneumothorax that resolved spontaneously. Subsequent splenectomy was performed in 10 of the 50 cases. There were no false-positive diagnoses, and only one false-negative diagnosis, which was attributed to sampling error. The aspirate, showing only benign splenic parenchyma, was from a patient with splenomegaly and no previous diagnosis; subsequent splenectomy showed acute myelogenous leukemia. In our study, FNAB proved to be a safe and valuable diagnostic tool for evaluating splenic lesions in oncologic patients.
University Faculty Perceptions of Students with Learning Disabilities: Correlates and Group Differences

This investigation examined faculty attitudes, beliefs, and practices with regard to students with learning disabilities (LD). An instrument was designed to measure attitudes and administered to all faculty in a large urban, private university. Responses from 192 faculty members were subjected to an exploratory factor analysis; results indicated that the instrument contained 12 reliable factors. Further, correlational analyses pro vided preliminary support for the instrument's construct validity by showing that major constructs were associated with each other in expected directions. Descriptive analyses indicated that faculty generally had positive perceptions about students with LD and were willing to spend time supporting students with LD. Consis tent with prior research, faculty expressed greater willingness to provide minor, rather than major, accommodations. Group com parisons by faculty gender, academic unit, and rank are reported. The implications of these findings for future research and training efforts are discussed.
Comparisons and Contrasts between the Foraging Behaviors of Two White-tailed Ptarmigan (Lagopus leucurus) Populations, Rocky Mountains, Colorado, and Sierra Nevada, California, U.S.A

Abstract The summer diets of a natural population of white-tailed ptarmigan (Lagopus leucurus), an herbivorous alpine grouse, in the Rocky Mountains and an introduced population in the Sierra Nevada were compared to determine if differences in alpine tundra plant communities affected nutritional intake. Foraging selections of 28 adult ptarmigan were recorded regarding number, amount, availability, nutritional, mineral and energy content of plant species eaten. The average diet of the Rocky Mountain ptarmigan was composed of nine plant species (99% g dry wt), while the average diet of the Sierra Nevada ptarmigan was composed of only two plant species, Salix anglorum and Carex jonesii (99% g dry wt). Although plant species eaten differed between the populations, the energy and lipid content of the diets were nearly identical. The diet of Sierra Nevada ptarmigan was 28% higher in protein and 13% lower in carbohydrate than the diet of Rocky Mountain ptarmigan, likely due to high consumption of Salix leaves an...
Historical Perspectives of Addiction

The past decade has seen increasing interest in the history of addiction. Although historians’ approaches and conclusions have varied, a central theme has been that classification of a substance as licit or illicit has had more to do with cultural values than with the substance itself. Historians of addiction argue that the socioeconomic status of users has influenced attitudes toward addicts and the legal classifications of substances. Implicitly, they have questioned the wisdom of selectively criminalizing drug use. These historical studies have important implications for the treatment and control of addiction. This chapter aims to persuade addiction scientists and practitioners of the utility of these histories of addiction for their own research and practice.
Plasmonic field confinement for separate absorption-multiplication in InGaAs nanopillar avalanche photodiodes.

Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are essential components in quantum key distribution systems and active imaging systems requiring both ultrafast response time to measure photon time of flight and high gain to detect low photon flux. The internal gain of an APD can improve system signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Excess noise is typically kept low through the selection of material with intrinsically low excess noise, using separate-absorption-multiplication (SAM) heterostructures, or taking advantage of the dead-space effect using thin multiplication regions. In this work we demonstrate the first measurement of excess noise and gain-bandwidth product in III–V nanopillars exhibiting substantially lower excess noise factors compared to bulk and gain-bandwidth products greater than 200 GHz. The nanopillar optical antenna avalanche detector (NOAAD) architecture is utilized for spatially separating the absorption region from the avalanche region via the NOA resulting in single carrier injection without the use of a traditional SAM heterostructure.
BER Estimation of QPSK Homodyne Detection with Feedforward Carrier Phase Estimation

An approximate analytical expression for the bit error rate of a QPSK homodyne receiver employing digital signal processing for carrier recovery is derived. BER estimated using the analytical expression shows excellent agreement with Monte-Carlo simulations.
The Telegraphic Transmission of Financial Asset Prices and Orders to Trade: Implications for Economic Growth, Trading Volume, and Securities Market Regulation

This paper delineates how the telegraph was used in the financial services sector in the United States, and considers the implications of this use for U.S. economic growth, New York Stock Exchange trading volume, and securities market regulation. The parallel implementation of two separate dedicated telegraphic networks facilitated the emergence of a technological/institutional trading regime that endured for the better part of a century, beginning in the 1870s, and breaking down decisively only in the second half of 1968. There is little evidence that communications innovation per se made volume or asset prices either more or less volatile. The telegraph did permit a reduction in per share transactions costs, which given the elasticity of demand for such services, resulted in an upward drift over time in the real resources consumed by the secondary exchanges, the brokerage industry, and individuals and institutions engaged in short term trading. It is unlikely that the benefits of enhanced trading in secondary markets, in relation to the costs needed to realize them, and in comparison with a posited world without the telegraph, created a social return that came close to that realized in the other major business application of the telegraph: logistical control.
Study on the properties of E-39D epoxy casting systems

In this paper,the effect of the amount of curing agent (METHPA) on the mechanics, heat resi stance and electrical properties of E-39D/METHPA curing system was discussed. FTIR was used to study the E-39D/METHA curing systems of different amount of curing agent. The relation between the amount of curing agent and the properties of curing system was also studied according to the curing mechanism of E-39D/METHPA blending system.
Relationships of G-protein-coupled receptors. A survey with the photoreceptor opsin subfamily

Relationships among the G-protein-coupled receptors were evaluated using several distance matrices with the neighbor-joining method of Saitou and Nei (1987). The relationships generated vary depending upon alignment, length, or region of sequence compared, and the distance matrix used to score similarity. To provide a statistical level of confidence, bootstrap resampling was applied to the analysis of a selection of G-protein-coupled receptors and the subfamily photoreceptor opsins. A general consensus indicates that the opsins behave as a discrete subfamily among the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. Their relationship to other subfamilies remains unresolved. Within the opsin subfamily, the retinochromelike opsins segregate as a discrete group, but are more closely related to the invertebrate than vertebrate opsins. Among vertebrate opsins, the long wavelength cone opsins, the blue/violet opsins, and the rod opsins (including a class of green cone opsins) form distinct subgroups, but their relationships to one another remain unresolved. For this superfamily of receptors, the confidence levels for many branch pairings are low. The application of methods complimentary to those used in this preliminary study will be necessary to resolve questions about appropriate pairing and evolutionary relationships.
In vivo analysis of fluid transport in cystic fibrosis airway epithelia of bronchial xenografts

An in vivo human bronchial xenograft model system was used to simultaneously analyze electrolyte and fluid transport defects in fully differentiated human cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF proximal a...
Transport Number Mismatch Induced Stacking of Swept Sample Zones for Microchip-Based Sample Concentration

In this presentation, we report a hybrid technique for on-chip sample preconcentration. Our technique is based on the observation that when a buffer of lower cationic transport-number is electrokinetically introduced into a second buffer of higher cationic transport-number, but the same conductivity, an expanding zone of lower conductivity is formed. Ionic components of the sample will experience field amplification effects in this expanding zone. This phenomenon was combined with SDS sample sweeping to carry out concentration of hydrophobic analytes on a microchip. Sample concentration enhancement effects using this technique were tested with a number of hydrophobic fluorescent dyes, and signal enhancements of up to 560-fold were achieved for Rhodamine dyes in only 10 mm of channel length. This sample concentration technique can be conveniently integrated into Lab-on-a-Chip devices to achieve enhanced detection sensitivity for hydrophobic and ionic analytes.
Dosing Kindness As a Therapeutic Intervention.

There is a great need for kindness in this world, and nurses often witness life circumstances best addressed with gentleness, compassion, and kindheartedness. The need for a dose of human kindness can be subtly or desperately displayed during all sorts of health encounters that occur across a variet
Career Continuity in Delinquency and Crime and the Prediction Problem

Thus far, whether describing the extent and nature of changes in delinquency and crime or presenting our early attempts to predict adult careers from juvenile careers, we have dealt with the incidence and seriousness of offenses and severity of sanctions (events) as converted into descriptive statistics which represent the careers of individuals or groups of individuals. When events, individuals, and groups of individuals are confused the discussion sometimes becomes confused because everyone is not referring to the same phenomena represented by the statistic before them. The Racine cohort data in this chapter have been arrayed in categories of offenders and typologies which reveal the extent to which data on juvenile careers differ from those for adult careers.
Industrial Wastes as a Source of Chemicals Entering the Environment

ABSTRACT We are studying the identities of organic chemicals which are introduced into the environment with industrial wastewaters. This is a report on an intensive study of a small, specialty chemicals plant and on its interaction with its receiving water system (a small river and estuary). Many compounds which had not been observed in the environment before were identified in this wastewater and river. The strategy for interpreting the data which led to these identifications will be presented. It is based on the synergistic use of electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography, high resolution mass spectrometry, and other circumstantial information.
Review: Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture by Robert Venturi: Venturi and the Recovery of Metaphor and Precedent in Architecture

Few people recall, and the history books still do not record, the oppressiveness of the practice, and especially the education, of architecture in the 1960s and 1970s. Nothing was permitted in schools or reported in the journals that was not “orthodox modern,” and no forms from any other century were allowed. Gropius-Mies-Corbu were the Holy Trinity. There were no “alternative modernisms” (art deco, reductive classicism, and so on) of the type that historians now include in the narrative of the architecture of the twentieth century. Even Louis Kahn's luminous monumentality, redolent of Rome and heroic striving, was often suspect. The salient assertion of modernism was that the present is so different that the forms of the past are irrelevant. Modernism is well named, since the Latin word modernus means simply “just recent” (from modo , “just now”). From Adolf Loos and Le Corbusier onward this committed designers to a formal vocabulary and problem-solving method that was primarily autarkic and purist: new forms were to be reasoned abstract forms detached from history. Robert Venturi's “gentle manifesto” Complexity and Contradiction came out at a critical period in architectural history, when “a false complexity [had] recently countered the false simplicity of an earlier Modern architecture” (25).1 Venturi refers to what we now know—pace Charles Jencks—as late modern architecture as histrionic arbitrary forms, and which he and Scott Brown would later categorize as “ducks.”2 More significantly, the book arrived at a time when a younger generation was just beginning to feel that modernism had debased the language of architecture with its idealization of the “primitive and the elementary,” to the …
Browning of White Adipose Tissue with Roscovitine Induces a Distinct Population of UCP1+ Adipocytes

Brown-like adipocytes exist in several adipose depots including white (WAT) as well as brown (BAT). Activation of these UCP1+ cells is a potential therapeutic strategy to combat obesity. Studies have shown that posttranslational modifications of PPARγ regulate select adipocyte programs. Deacetylation of K268 and K293 in the ligand-binding domain of PPARγ by Sirt1 induces browning of WAT. Phosphorylation of S273 of PPARγ by CDK5 or ERK stimulates a diabetogenic program of gene expression in WAT. Here, we report that roscovitine, a CDK inhibitor, prevents S273 phosphorylation and promotes formation of UCP1+ (brite) adipocytes in WAT. It also enhances energy expenditure as well as prevents diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Analysis of fluorescence-activated cell-sorted UCP1+ adipocytes shows that the mRNA signature of brite adipocytes is distinct from beige adipocytes, which arise through catecholamine signaling. These results suggest that brown-like adipocytes in WAT may arise from multiple origins.
¿Memoria u Olvido?: Negociando la identidad presente con los fantasmas del pasado en Té de tías de Cristina Escofet

In Te de tias (1985), the playwright Cristina Escofet demonstrates how an aggressor and a victim manage the afflictions caused by the ghosts of their past. The first character is a young man whose wish to perpetuate the dominant position of his antecessors and to reinstate his past through a restorative nostalgia leads him to self-destruction. The second is a young woman who, as a result of a productive melancholy, is able to confront those who emotionally and sexually abused her. Thus, she is able to free herself from the victim role and re-build her identity and future. Both characters lay bare the negotiations that emerge with memory and forgetfulness during and after Argentine military dictatorship (1976-1983).
Anomalous Above-Gap Photoexcitations and Optical Signatures of Localized Charge Puddles in Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide

Broadband optoelectronics such as artificial light harvesting technologies necessitate efficient and, ideally, tunable coupling of excited states over a wide range of energies. In monolayer MoS2, a prototypical two-dimensional layered semiconductor, the excited state manifold spans the visible electromagnetic spectrum and is comprised of an interconnected network of excitonic and free-carrier excitations. Here, photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy is used to reveal the energetic and spatial dependence of broadband excited state coupling to the ground-state luminescent excitons of monolayer MoS2. Photoexcitation of the direct band gap excitons is found to strengthen with increasing energy, demonstrating that interexcitonic coupling across the Brillouin zone is more efficient than previously reported, and thus bolstering the import and appeal of these materials for broadband optoelectronic applications. Narrow excitation resonances that are superimposed on the broadband photoexcitation spectrum are ide...
Climate and climatic variability of rainfall over eastern Africa

This review examines several aspects of the climate of eastern Africa. The climatic commonality throughout the region is the frequent occurrence of drought severe enough to incapacitate the population. Because of recent droughts and evidence of disastrous, long-term climatic change, the region has become a major focus of meteorological research. This review covers six relevant topics: climatic regionalization, seasonal cycle, intraseasonal variability, interannual variability, recent trends, and seasonal forecasting. What emerges is a markedly different view of the factors modulating rainfall, the dynamics associated with the seasons, and the character of teleconnections within the region and the interrelationships between the various rainy seasons. Some of the most important points are the following. (1) The paradigm of two rainy seasons resulting from the biannual equatorial passage of the Intertropical Convergence Zone is inadequate. (2) The “long rains” should not be treated as a single season, as character, causal factors, and teleconnections are markedly different in each month. (3) The long rains have been declining continuously in recent decades. (4) The Madden-Julian Oscillation has emerged as a factor in interannual and intraseasonal variability, but the relative strength of Pacific and Indian Ocean anomalies plays a major role in the downward trend. (5) Factors governing the short rains are nonstationary. (6) Droughts have become longer and more intense and tend to continue across rainy seasons, and their causes are not adequately understood. (7) Atmospheric variables provide more reliable seasonal forecasts than the factors traditionally considered in forecast models, such as sea surface temperatures and El Nino–Southern Oscillation.
An Examination of Differences in Moral Disengagement and Empathy Among Bullying Participant Groups

This study examines how different roles in school bullying (e.g., bullies, victims, defenders) vary in cognitive and affective empathy and moral disengagement. Findings from this study revealed that levels of empathy and moral disengagement differed significantly among bullying groups for 702 6th, 7th, and 8th grade students in the United States. An analysis of variance showed differential patterns between bullying groups and outcome variables (i.e., cognitive and affective empathy and moral disengagement). In addition, the correlation between moral disengagement and empathy was statistically significant and negative. Affective empathy and cognitive empathy both significantly predicted moral disengagement; with every one unit increase in moral disengagement, affective empathy decreased by .38 and cognitive empathy decreased by .39. Students who scored higher in moral disengagement tended to score lower in empathy. The current findings confirm and extend the literature on the relation between moral disengagement, empathy, prosociality, and victimising behaviour. This information can inform school-wide and targeted intervention efforts.
Assessing Adjudicative Competency: Using Legal and Empirical Principles to Inform Practice

Publisher Summary This chapter familiarizes the legal and mental health professionals with modern conceptualizations of the competency construct and relevant legal procedures, forensic assessment instruments specifically designed to operationalize adjudicative competency, and basic recommendations for practice based on available research. The constitutional standard for competency, based on Dusky and Drope, may be understood as requiring that defendants be able to consult with defense counsel, to otherwise assist with their defense, and to have both a rational and factual understanding of the proceedings. There are three uniform procedural stages associated with adjudicative competency: raising the issue of competency; evaluating competency; and if the defendant is found incompetent, providing treatment and evaluating progress toward competency. In most jurisdictions, the vast majority of defendants who are evaluated for adjudicative competency are deemed competent to proceed. Those found incompetent are usually committed to the public mental health system for treatment focused on attaining competency and returning the defendant to court. It is recommended that examiners should use the right tools. The right tools are those that directly target the relevant psycho-legal issue, that is, competency to stand trial.
BODIPYs for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

BODIPY, abbreviation of boron-dipyrromethene, is one class of robust organic molecules that has been used widely in bioimaging, sensing, and logic gate design. Recently, BODIPY dyes have been explored for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Studies demonstrate their potential as light absorbers for the conversion of solar energy to electricity. However, their photovoltaic performance is inferior to many other dyes, including porphyrin dyes. In this review, several synthetic strategies of BODIPY dyes for DSCs and their further functionalization are described. The photophysical properties of dye molecules and their photovoltaic performances in DSCs are summarized. We aim to provide readers a clear picture of the field and expect to shed light on the next generation of BODIPY dyes for their applications in solar energy conversion.
A quality improvement initiative to increase Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis) vaccination coverage among direct health care providers at a children's hospital.

Abstract Objectives Health care providers (HCP) are at high risk of acquiring and transmitting pertussis to susceptible family members, co-workers, and patients. Public health authorities recommend administering a single dose of Tdap (tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis) vaccine to all adults, including HCP, to increase adult immunity to pertussis. We set a quality improvement goal to increase Tdap vaccination coverage among HCP who provided direct patient care at a children’s hospital from 58% to 90% over 18 months. Design A multidisciplinary working group comprised of Occupational Health Program (OHP) staff and representatives of various medical services drew from a variety of qualitative methods and previous studies of vaccination programs in the healthcare system to understand barriers to Tdap vaccination within the institution and to develop interventions to increase vaccination rates. Interventions Interventions included changes to OHP processes, a general education campaign, improved access to vaccine, and personal engagement of HCP by task force members. Results Overall vaccination rates increased to 90% over 15 months, a rate that has been sustained by systematically assessing new employees’ vaccination status and vaccinating those without documentation of previous Tdap vaccination. Conclusions Tdap vaccination coverage in our institution was significantly increased by an intensive, multipronged educational campaign, and by improving processes of screening and vaccination of HCP. The use of direct engagement of vaccine hesitant populations to increase vaccination rates warrants further study.
Environmental courts and tribunals: changing environmental and natural resources law around the globe

There has been a ‘world-wide “explosion”’ of tribunals and courts focusing on lawsuits involving environmental issues, according to the world’s pre-eminent experts, Professors George (Rock) Pring a...
Uncertainty bounds on ultrasonic phase velocities for polycrystalline media

Most theoretical work related to the study of the effective properties of polycrystals assume infinite media with randomly oriented grains. Therefore, the bulk material has absolute isotropy. However, real samples always include a finite number of grains such that the inspection volume will have some associated anisotropy. Hence, bounds on the bulk properties can be expected for a given measurement. In this work, the effect of the number of grains on this anisotropy variation is studied using Dream.3D software. The effective elastic modulus tensor is derived using Voigt, Reuss, and self-consistent techniques with 1700 microstructures comprised of equiaxed cubic grains in 17 different volumes. The bond transformation is utilized to quantify the standard deviation of the average elastic modulus. The standard deviations of several materials are shown to be inversely proportional to the square root of the number of grains. Based on the single-crystal anisotropy, a master curve is derived which relates modulus anisotropy to the number of grains. In addition, Christoffel equation is used to study the relevant phase velocities. With appropriate normalization, a similar master curve is derived. Such results will have important impacts on ultrasonic models associated with metals. [Research supported by AFRL under prime contract FA8650-15-D-5231.]Most theoretical work related to the study of the effective properties of polycrystals assume infinite media with randomly oriented grains. Therefore, the bulk material has absolute isotropy. However, real samples always include a finite number of grains such that the inspection volume will have some associated anisotropy. Hence, bounds on the bulk properties can be expected for a given measurement. In this work, the effect of the number of grains on this anisotropy variation is studied using Dream.3D software. The effective elastic modulus tensor is derived using Voigt, Reuss, and self-consistent techniques with 1700 microstructures comprised of equiaxed cubic grains in 17 different volumes. The bond transformation is utilized to quantify the standard deviation of the average elastic modulus. The standard deviations of several materials are shown to be inversely proportional to the square root of the number of grains. Based on the single-crystal anisotropy, a master curve is derived which relates modulus...