cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
E-149 The smoking-thrombolysis paradox: a matched case-control study

Background and purpose Smoking is a well-established risk factor for stroke. However, several studies have shown that smokers with stroke have better outcomes after thrombolysis, a phenomenon commonly known as the smoking-thrombolysis paradox. We investigated whether clinical and procedural outcomes differ between smokers and non-smokers with large vessel occlusion stroke after endovascular therapy. Methods We reviewed our prospectively collected endovascular database at a tertiary care academic institution between Sep 2010-December 2016. All patients that underwent endovascular therapy for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke were included and categorized into two groups: (1) current smokers and (2) non-smokers. The 2 groups were then matched for age, baseline NIHSS and glucose levels using a weighted Euclidian distance method. Baseline, procedural, and radiological characteristics, as well as outcome parameters were compared. Results A total of 326 (163 matched pairs) qualified for the study. Smokers had higher rates of dyslipidemia (48.5% vs 28.8%, p Conclusion Our data shows that smoking is not associated with outcomes in patients with large vessel occlusion stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy. Disclosures J. Grossberg: 1; C; Georgia Research Alliance. 4; C; NTI. M. Bouslama: None. D. Haussen: None. M. Frankel: None. R. Nogueira: None.
Use of Minimally Invasive Surgery in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer in Dogs and Cats

Surgical management of neoplastic disease is common in veterinary medicine. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has gained widespread acceptance by veterinary surgeons and is experiencing rapid growth and frequency of use. Many neoplastic diseases in the abdomen and thorax of dogs and cats can be treated as effectively with MIS as with traditional open surgery. Additionally, MIS allows for less invasive options for organ biopsy in cancer patients either for initial diagnosis or for staging to inform prognosis and treatment. Despite the recent increase in MIS, additional research is required to further characterize the benefits to oncology patients and to ensure that surgical oncologic principles and patient outcomes are not compromised by the use of MIS.
MagTrack: Enabling Safe Driving Monitoring with Wearable Magnetics

"Hands on the wheel, eyes on the road" is the central guideline of safe vehicle driving practices. Many advanced driver assistance systems can effectively detect abnormal vehicle motions. However, these systems often leave insufficient time for drivers to respond to complex road situations, especially when the drivers are distracted. To reduce accidents, it is essential to detect whether a driver complies with safe driving guidelines in real time and provide warnings early before any dangerous maneuvers occur. There are vision-based driver distraction monitoring systems which rely on cameras in high-end vehicles, but their performances are heavily constrained by visibility requirements. In this paper, we present MagTrack, a driver monitoring system that is based on tracking magnetic tags worn by the user. With a single smartwatch and two low-cost magnetic accessories: a hand magnetic ring and a head magnetic eyeglasses clip, our system tracks and classifies a driver's bimanual and head movements simultaneously using both analytical and approximation sensing models. Our approach is robust to driver's postures, vehicles, and environmental changes. We demonstrate that a wide range of activities can be detected by our system, including bimanual steering, visual and manual distractions, and lane changes and turns. In extensive road tests with 500+ instances of driving activities and 500+ minutes of road driving with 10 subjects, MagTrack achieves 87% of precision and 90% of recall rate on the detection of unsafe driving activities.
Damage assessment of wood frame shear walls subjected to lateral wind load and windborne debris impact

Abstract A number of studies have been performed to understand the lateral load carrying capacity of wood frame shear walls. The existing studies, however, have been primarily focused on the intact shear walls, disregarding the possibility of capacity loss due to prior extreme loading events. During windstorms, in particular, windborne debris is the leading cause of damage and destruction. While the impact force induced by windborne debris can directly damage a shear wall, the consequences can become disastrous, as the prior damage adversely affects the in-plane lateral load carrying capacity of the shear wall. This critical aspect motivated the current study to investigate the impact and post-impact performance of wood frame shear walls. For this purpose, a high-fidelity computational framework capable of characterizing both types of damage is developed. Further to providing an in-depth understanding of the process of damage formation and propagatin, this study examines how a range of impact scenarios and wall design factors influence the extent of damage that the wood frame shear walls experience in a windstorm. The outcome of this study is then employed to introduce a capacity loss index for the multi-hazard design and assessment of wood frame (and other similar) shear walls in the regions prone to severe windstorms.
Charcot Reconstruction: Outcomes in Patients With and Without Diabetes.

Abstract The objective of this study is to compare risk adjusted matched cohorts of Charcot neuroarthropathy patients who underwent osseous reconstruction with and without diabetes. The 2 groups were matched based on age, body mass index, hypertension, history of end-stage renal disease, and peripheral arterial disease. Bivariate analysis was performed for preoperative infection, location of Charcot breakdown, and post reconstruction outcomes, in patients with a minimum of 1 year follow-up period. Through bivariate analysis, presence of preoperative ulceration (p = .0499) was found to be statistically more likely in the patients with diabetes; whereas, delayed osseous union (p = .0050) and return to ambulation (p ≤ .0001) was statistically more likely in patients without diabetes. The nondiabetic Charcot patients were 17.6 folds more likely to return to ambulation (odds ratio [OR] 17.6 [95% confidence interval {CI} {3.5-87.6}]), and 16.4 folds more likely to have delayed union (OR 16.4 [95% CI {1.9-139.6)]). Subanalysis compared well-controlled diabetic and nondiabetic Charcot neuroarthropathy patients for same factors. Multivariate analysis, in the subanalysis, found return to ambulation was 15.1 times likely to occur in the nondiabetic CN cohort (OR 15.1 [95% CI 1.3-175.8]) compared to the well-controlled diabetic CN cohort.
Semi-Experimental Equilibrium (reSE) and Theoretical Structures of Pyridazine (o-C4H4N2).

A semi-experimental equilibrium structure (reSE) of pyridazine (o-C4H4N2) has been determined using the rotational spectra of 18 isotopologues. Spectroscopic constants of four isotopologues are reported for the first time (measured from 235 to 360 GHz), while spectroscopic constants for previously reported isotopologues are improved by extending the frequency coverage (measured from 130 to 375 GHz). The experimental values of the ground-state rotational constants (A0, B0, and C0) from each isotopologue were converted to determinable constants (A0″, B0″, and C0″), which were then corrected for the effects of vibration-rotation interactions and electron-mass distributions using CCSD(T)/cc-pCVTZ calculations. The resultant reSE for pyridazine determines bond distances to within 0.001 A and bond angles within 0.04°, a reduction in the statistical uncertainties by at least a factor of two relative to the previously reported reSE. The improvement in precision appears to be largely due to the use of higher-level theoretical calculations of the vibration-rotation and electron-mass effects, though the incorporation of the newly measured isotopologues ([4-2H, 4-13C]-, [4-2H, 5-13C]-, [4-2H, 6-13C]-, and [4,5-2H, 4-13C]-pyridazine) is partially responsible for the improved determination of the hydrogen-containing bond angles. The computed equilibrium structure (re) (CCSD(T)/cc-pCV5Z) and a "best theoretical estimate" of the equilibrium structure (re) both agree with the updated reSE structure within the statistical experimental uncertainty (2σ) of each structural parameter.
Cybernetics and Applied Systems

In light of the enormous interest in building intelligent systems, this volume blends theory, applications, and methodology of cybernetics taking it out of the realm of the abstract and explaining how cybernetics can contribute to an improved understanding of intelligence. Among the topics of the 17
Matching Images to Models - Camera Calibration for 3-D Surface Reconstruction

In a previous paper we described a system which recursively recovers a super-resolved three dimensional surface model from a set of images of the surface. In that paper we assumed that the camera calibration for each image was known. In this paper we solve two problems. Firstly, if an estimate of the surface is already known, the problem is to calibrate a new image relative to the existing surface model. Secondly, if no surface estimate is available, the relative camera calibration between the images in the set must be estimated. This will allow an initial surface model to be estimated. Results of both types of estimation are given.
Teaching Religion in Public Schools: A Critical Appraisal of Dewey’s Ideas on Religion and Education

Our [public] schools, in bringing together those of different nationalities, languages, traditions, and creeds, in assimilating them together upon the basis of what is common and public in endeavour and achievement, are performing an infinitely significant religious work. They are promoting the social unit out of which in the end genuine religious unit must grow. Shall we interfere with this work? Shall we run the risk of undoing it by introducing into education a subject which can be taught only by segregating pupils? This would be deliberately to adopt a scheme which is predicated upon the maintenance of social divisions in just the matter, religion, which is empty and futile save as it expresses the basic unities of life.
Ciliogenesis of Rat Tracheal Epithelial Cells in Vitro

Publisher Summary To facilitate the studies of the factors and processes regulating the differentiation and function of ciliated cells of the airways, methods for culturing dissociated airway epithelial cells that promote de novo ciliogenesis in vitro have been developed for hamster, rat, dog, guinea pig, and human respiratory cells. Studies have demonstrated the importance of a preformed extracellular matrix and/or culture on permeable supports at an air-liquid interface for the development of ciliated cells. This chapter describes the procedures used in developing an in vitro system that supports proliferation and then mucociliary differentiation of dissociated primary rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells. Under isolation and culture of cells, the chapter discusses solutions and materials and procedures. Cannulas, used for the isolation of RTE cells, are made from 5-cm pieces of polyethylene tubing. One end of the tubing is pressed against a heated scalpel blade to form a slight flange. These are stored in 70% ethanol. There are details on the basic and complete mediums, bovine pituitary extract and tissue culture insert. The procedure describes the isolation of rat tracheal epithelial cells, plating and growth of cells, differentiation of rat tracheal epithelial cells, and quantitation of ciliated cell differentiation. Ciliated cells are visible in the viable cultures by phase microscopy. To estimate the extent of ciliated cell differentiation in large numbers of cultures, an immunostaining procedure was developed using a monoclonal antibody, RTE-3, which reacts specifically with ciliated cells. RTE-3 can also be used to identify ciliated cells in cytospins prepared from dissociated cultures. If some of the growth-stimulating compounds are removed from the medium after the cells have reached confluence (day 7), the number of ciliated cells present at day14 can be two- to fourfold higher than that obtained when the cells are cultured with complete medium.
When Do Not Resuscitate Is a Nonchoice Choice: A Teachable Moment

A seventy year-old gentleman presented to our hospital for elective descending thoracic aortic aneurysm repair.
Differential Localization of P2 Receptor Subtypes in Mesenteric Arteries and Veins of Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats

ATP acts at P2 receptors to contract blood vessels and reactivity to vasoconstrictor agents is often altered in hypertension. This study was designed to identify P2 receptors in mesenteric arteries and veins and to determine whether ATP reactivity is altered in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. Computer-assisted video microscopy was used to measure vessel diameter in vitro. ATP was a more potent constrictor of veins (EC(50) = 2.7 microM) than arteries (EC(50) = 196 microM) from normotensive rats; there was no change in ATP reactivity in vessels from DOCA-salt rats. The P2X1 receptor agonist alpha,beta-methylene ATP (alpha,beta-MeATP, 0.03-3 microM) contracted arteries but not veins. ATP-induced contractions in arteries were blocked by alpha,beta-MeATP (3 microM) desensitization. 2-Methylthio-ATP (0.1-10 microM), an agonist that can act at P2Y1 receptors, did not contract arteries or veins, whereas UTP, an agonist at rat P2Y2/P2Y4 receptors, contracted veins (EC(50) = 15 microM) and arteries (EC(50) = 24 microM). UTP-induced contractions of veins cross-desensitized with ATP, whereas UTP-induced contractions in arteries were unaffected by alpha,beta-MeATP-desensitization. The P2X/P2Y1 receptor antagonist pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4-disulfonic acid blocked ATP-induced contractions of arteries (IC(50) = 4.8 microM) but not veins. Suramin, an antagonist that blocks P2Y2 receptors, partly inhibited ATP- and UTP-induced contractions of veins. Immunohistochemical studies revealed P2X1 receptor immunoreactivity in arteries but not veins. These data indicate that mesenteric vascular reactivity to ATP is not altered in DOCA-salt hypertension. ATP acts at P2X1 and P2Y2 receptors to contract mesenteric arteries and veins, respectively, whereas in arteries UTP acts at an unidentified P2 receptor.
Automated support for development, maintenance, and testing in the presence of implicit flow control

Although object-oriented languages can improve programming practices, their characteristics may introduce new problems for software engineers. One important problem is the presence of implicit control flow caused by exception handling and polymorphism. Implicit control flow causes complex interactions, and can thus complicate software-engineering tasks. To address this problem, we present a systematic and structured approach, for supporting these tasks, based on the static and dynamic analyses of constructs that cause implicit control flow. Our approach provides software engineers with information for supporting and guiding development and maintenance tasks. We also present empirical results to illustrate the potential usefulness of our approach. Our studies show that, for the subjects considered, complex implicit control flow is always present and is generally not adequately exercised.
Educational virtual environments as a lens for understanding both precise repeatability and specific variation in learning ecologies

As a global cyberinfrastructure, the Internet makes authentic digital problem spaces like educational virtual environments (EVEs) available to a wide range of classrooms, schools and education systems operating under different circumstantial, practical, social and cultural conditions. And yet, if the makers and users of EVEs both have a hand in what can be initially achieved and subsequently repeated, then replication is not only a matter of precise repeatability but also specific variation. In this light, the study enlists one EVE in order to examine both classroom learning and educational research methodology. Two Singapore secondary school enactments of the Quest Atlantis Taiga curriculum are compared with one another and with previously published US enactments. Statistically significant learning gains precisely repeat Barab and colleagues' findings while classroom practices specifically vary from its design narratives. Descriptions of the progressive development of Singapore enactments illustrate a methodological tack for understanding continuity and change within Singapore classrooms and between Singapore and US classrooms as necessary functions of diversity. The juxtaposition of these analyses characterize tensions between replication and implementation fidelity and, in turn, frame EVEs as a tool for understanding and leveraging precise repeatability and specific variability of curricula. Practitioner Notes What is already known about this topic Evidence suggests that some educational virtual environments (EVEs) can support learning., However, the processes through which EVEs operate remain underspecified., At the same time, it is undesirable to control in every way how teachers and students use EVEs and therefore more difficult to characterize these technologies in terms of causal mechanisms., What this paper adds EVEs can more systematically illuminate both a process of learning and a diverse repertoire of supporting strategies., With such a perspective, this paper describes how two Singapore classrooms make use of the same EVE differently while also documenting statistically significant learning gains., The paper also enlists the EVE as a frame for juxtaposing differences within and between education systems., Implications for practice and/or policy Documenting productive learning experiences across a range of unique locales and attendant facilitation strategies underscores that some curricula can be flexible., Several successful strategies that teachers employed departed from the EVE design and highlight ways that local adaptations can improve designs in ways that designers simply cannot anticipate., EVEs can be a useful tool for understanding strategic adaptations and enhancing the implicit partnerships that designers and teachers forge via curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Recent advancements of strained silicon as an optically nonlinear material

We present several improvements to the understanding of strained silicon’s second-order optical nonlinearity. In addition to incorporating the material into electro-optic modulators and wave-mixers, we analyze the nature of the optical nonlinearity on the nanoscale.
A Miniature Microscope for Two-Photon Imaging and Femtosecond Laser Surgery

We present a miniaturized two-photon microscope system employing air-core photonic crystal fiber and a resonantly-driven two-axis MEMS scanning mirror for simultaneous cellular imaging and femtosecond laser microsurgery. We will present design analysis and performance characterization.
Use of the Subthreshold Behavior to Compare X-Ray and CO-60 Radiation-Induced Defects in MOS Transistors

Transistor behavior in the subthreshold region is used to compare the production of oxide trapped charge and interface states produced by x-ray and Co-60 radiation. For the oxides used in this study, the subthreshold data indicates the presence of two types of interface states. One of these interface states appears to differ from the more commonly observed amphoteric defect. The characteristics of these states suggest that they are donor defects. These states further complicate testing protocols because they anneal at room temperature. A modification to the subthreshold measurement technique of McWhorter and Winokur is proposed for oxides in which these donor states occur. Using this revised subthreshold technique, less interface dose enhancement occurs during x-ray exposures than was observed previously with thick-oxide-capacitor measurements.
DOT: a matrix model for analyzing, optimizing and deploying software for big data analytics in distributed systems

Traditional parallel processing models, such as BSP, are "scale up" based, aiming to achieve high performance by increasing computing power, interconnection network bandwidth, and memory/storage capacity within dedicated systems, while big data analytics tasks aiming for high throughput demand that large distributed systems "scale out" by continuously adding computing and storage resources through networks. Each one of the "scale up" model and "scale out" model has a different set of performance requirements and system bottlenecks. In this paper, we develop a general model that abstracts critical computation and communication behavior and computation-communication interactions for big data analytics in a scalable and fault-tolerant manner. Our model is called DOT, represented by three matrices for data sets (D), concurrent data processing operations (O), and data transformations (T), respectively. With the DOT model, any big data analytics job execution in various software frameworks can be represented by a specific or non-specific number of elementary/composite DOT blocks, each of which performs operations on the data sets, stores intermediate results, makes necessary data transfers, and performs data transformations in the end. The DOT model achieves the goals of scalability and fault-tolerance by enforcing a data-dependency-free relationship among concurrent tasks. Under the DOT model, we provide a set of optimization guidelines, which are framework and implementation independent, and applicable to a wide variety of big data analytics jobs. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the DOT model through several case studies.
Bifunctional Fatty Acid Chemical Reporter for Analyzing S-Palmitoylated Membrane Protein–Protein Interactions in Mammalian Cells

Studying the functions of S-palmitoylated proteins in cells can be challenging due to the membrane targeting property and dynamic nature of protein S-palmitoylation. New strategies are therefore needed to specifically capture S-palmitoylated protein complexes in cellular membranes for dissecting their functions in vivo. Here we present a bifunctional fatty acid chemical reporter, x-alk-16, which contains an alkyne and a diazirine, for metabolic labeling of S-palmitoylated proteins and photo-cross-linking of their involved protein complexes in mammalian cells. We demonstrate that x-alk-16 can be metabolically incorporated into known S-palmitoylated proteins such as H-Ras and IFITM3, a potent antiviral protein, and induce covalent cross-linking of IFITM3 oligomerization as well as its specific interactions with other membrane proteins upon in-cell photoactivation. Moreover, integration of x-alk-16-induced photo-cross-linking with label-free quantitative proteomics allows identification of new IFITM3 interacting proteins.
Softened elastic response and unzipping in chemical vapor deposition graphene membranes.

We use atomic force microscopy to image grain boundaries and ripples in graphene membranes obtained by chemical vapor deposition. Nanoindentation measurements reveal that out-of-plane ripples effectively soften graphene’s in-plane stiffness. Furthermore, grain boundaries significantly decrease the breaking strength of these membranes. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that grain boundaries are especially weakening when subnanometer voids are present in the lattice. Finally, we demonstrate that two graphene membranes brought together form membranes with higher resistance to breaking.
On the Intractability of the Achievement Gap in Urban Schools and the Discursive Practice of Continuing Racial Discrimination

The “achievement gap” between African American and Latino students and those of their White counterparts continues to evoke national cries of consternation and condemnation of the public schools, p...
Associations among Rock Music Videos, Locus of Control, and Aggression

Summay.-This study tested the prediction that 28 subjects w~th scores indicating an external locus of control would have heightened scores on ~ggression after exposure to excerpts of aggressive music videos. The results did not conl~rrn the hypoth esis. Research has indicated that exposure to aggressive rock music videos can lead to increased aggression (2, 4). The current research was designed to test the possibility that aggressive videos are particularly likely to influence viewers who possess an external locus of control (3). Individuals with an external locus of control believe that the environment is the causal agent in much of their lives. As a result, these persons may be especially sensitive to the aggressive content of music videotapes. That is, these persons may perceive the videos as sdmulating their aggression, thereby justifying their violent behavior. The present study was designed to test this hypothesis. Subjects were pretested for scores on Rotter's locus of control scale, with subjects scoring in the bottom 30% (external locus of control) and top 30% (internal locus of control) being selected for inclusion in the study (14 men and 14 women in each group). Subjects completed the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (1) and then were randomly assigned to view excerpts from either three aggressive music videos or three nonaggressive ones. The aggressive content of the videos had been confirmed through pretesting. After viewing the videotapes, subjects again completed the hostility scale. Subjects' pretest hostility scores were subtracted from their posttest scores to obtain a measure of change in aggression. The change scores were analyzed through a 2 (locus of control: internal or external) x 2 (video: aggressive or nonaggressive) analysis of variance. As no statisticaUy significant differences between groups were found, the hypothesis was disconfirmed, that is, subjects in the aggressive video/external locus of control (M= -2.92, SD= 1.04), nonaggressive videolexternai locus of control (M= -3.58, SD= 1.96, aggressive videolincernal locus of control (M=-0.22, SD=0.36), and nonaggressive video/internal locus of control (M= -0.44. SD=0.39) did nor differ significantly in [heir scores on aggression (all ps> .lo). Thus, this research suggests that addirional work is needed to understand the relarionships benveen personality variables, exposure to aggressive music videos, and aggressive behavior.
Hypertension in Children with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)

Abstract Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary renal disease, affecting 1 in 1000 individuals. Previously termed "adult polycystic kidney disease", ADPKD is now known to have important clinical manifestations beginning early in life and even in utero. Hypertension is an important risk factor for progressive renal and cardiovascular disease in children with ADPKD and may signify irremediable organ injury. The purpose of this article is to review current knowledge and treatment strategies in hypertension associated with pediatric ADPKD.
Very simple methods for all pairs network flow analysis

A very simple algorithm for the classical problem of computing the maximum network flow value between every pair of nodes in an undirected, capacitated n node graph is presented; as in the well-known Gomory–Hu method, the method given here uses only $n - 1$ maximum flow computations. Our algorithm is implemented by adding only five simple lines of code to any program that produces a minimum cut; a program to produce an equivalent flow tree, which is a compact representation of the flow values, is obtained by adding only three simple lines of code to any program producing a minimum cut. A very simple version of the Gomory–Hu cut tree method that finds one minimum cut for every pair of nodes is also derived, and it is shown that the seemingly fundamental operation of that method, node contraction, is not needed, nor must crossing cuts be avoided. As a result, this version of the Gomory–Hu method is implemented by adding less than ten simple lines of code to any program that produces a minimum cut. The algor...
Chemical Speciation of Neptunium(VI) under Strongly Alkaline Conditions. Structure, Composition, and Oxo Ligand Exchange

Hexavalent neptunium can be solubilized in 0.5–3.5 M aqueous MOH (M = Li+, Na+, NMe4+ = TMA+) solutions. Single crystals were obtained from cooling of a dilute solution of Co(NH3)6Cl3 and NpO22+ in...
The New Paternalism: Portraying People with Disabilities as an Oppressed Minority

The contention by some disability rights advocates that people with disabilities are an oppressed minority must be subject to academic scrutiny. Certainly, people with different impairments and fun...
Point defect recovery in neutron-irradiated tungsten at 0.31 Tm

Abstract The results of some resistivity studies of the recovery of defects in neutron-irradiated tungsten provide additional evidence for the recovery of monovacancies at 0.31 T m .
α1-Trypsin Immunoreactivity in Alzheimer Disease

Abstract This study is the initial demonstration of trypsin-like immunoreactivity within the human CNS. Using two monoclonal antibodies to α 1 -trypsin, we found trypsin-like immunoreactivity associated with the senile plaques of Alzheimer disease. Immunoblots prepared from homogenized Alzheimer and control cortex showed increased amounts of the 24,000Da α 1 -trypsin species in diseased compared to control tissue. We suggest an alteration in α 1 -trypsin protease regulation could be important in the formation of senile plaques and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease.
Modeling embodied visual behaviors

To make progess in understanding human visuomotor behavior, we will need to understand its basic components at an abstract level. One way to achieve such an understanding would be to create a model of a human that has a sufficient amount of complexity so as to be capable of generating such behaviors. Recent technological advances have been made that allow progress to be made in this direction. Graphics models that simulate extensive human capabilities can be used as platforms from which to develop synthetic models of visuomotor behavior. Currently, such models can capture only a small portion of a full behavioral repertoire, but for the behaviors that they do model, they can describe complete visuomotor subsystems at a useful level of detail. The value in doing so is that the body's elaborate visuomotor structures greatly simplify the specification of the abstract behaviors that guide them. The net result is that, essentially, one is faced with proposing an embodied “operating system” model for picking the right set of abstract behaviors at each instant. This paper outlines one such model. A centerpiece of the model uses vision to aid the behavior that has the most to gain from taking environmental measurements. Preliminary tests of the model against human performance in realistic VR environments show that main features of the model show up in human behavior.
Skin conditions in athletes

Abstract Sports-related skin conditions have become more prevalent and better recognized as more people are participating in athletic activities. The types of dermatoses encountered may be categorized as traumatic injuries, environmental injuries, infections, and the exacerbation of preexisting skin conditions. Understanding the pathophysiology of these conditions is important since most may be avoided with proper preventative measures.
Single-crystal metallic nanowires and metal/semiconductor nanowire heterostructures

Substantial effort has been placed on developing semiconducting carbon nanotubes and nanowires as building blocks for electronic devices--such as field-effect transistors--that could replace conventional silicon transistors in hybrid electronics or lead to stand-alone nanosystems. Attaching electric contacts to individual devices is a first step towards integration, and this step has been addressed using lithographically defined metal electrodes. Yet, these metal contacts define a size scale that is much larger than the nanometre-scale building blocks, thus limiting many potential advantages. Here we report an integrated contact and interconnection solution that overcomes this size constraint through selective transformation of silicon nanowires into metallic nickel silicide (NiSi) nanowires. Electrical measurements show that the single crystal nickel silicide nanowires have ideal resistivities of about 10 microOmega cm and remarkably high failure-current densities, >10(8) A cm(-2). In addition, we demonstrate the fabrication of nickel silicide/silicon (NiSi/Si) nanowire heterostructures with atomically sharp metal-semiconductor interfaces. We produce field-effect transistors based on those heterostructures in which the source-drain contacts are defined by the metallic NiSi nanowire regions. Our approach is fully compatible with conventional planar silicon electronics and extendable to the 10-nm scale using a crossed-nanowire architecture.
A glycoprotein structure for glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger.

Abstract Glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger is shown to possess a glycoprotein structure. This enzyme is composed of most of the common amino acids but is relatively high in aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, and alanine, and relatively low in cystine, methionine, and tryptophan. The carbohydrate residues comprise about 16% of the enzyme molecule and include mannose, galactose, and glucosamine, probably as the N-acetyl derivative. The possible types of linkages of the carbohydrate residues to the amino acids of the polypeptide chain of the glucose oxidase are considered.
Musical Rhythm, Linguistic Rhythm, and Human Evolution

There is now a vigorous debate over the evolutionary status of music. Some scholars argue that humans have been shaped by evolution to be musical, while others maintain that musical abilities have not been a target of natural selection but reflect an alternative use of more adaptive cognitive skills. One way to address this debate is to break music cognition into its underlying components and determine whether any of these are innate, specific to music, and unique to humans. Taking this approach, Justus and Hutsler (2005) and McDermott and Hauser (2005) suggest that musical pitch perception can be explained without invoking natural selection for music. However, they leave the issue of musical rhythm largely unexplored. This comment extends their conceptual approach to musical rhythm and suggests how issues of innateness, domain specificity, and human specificity might be addressed.
A comparative study of esterases in two strains of anopheline mosquitoes by isoelectric focusing

Abstract 1. 1. The multiple forms of esterases from two Anopheline alhimanus strains were separated by polyacrylamide isoelectric focusing (PAG1F) and isoelectric points of the allelic bands were estimated. 2. 2. A mixture of three ranges of ampholytes gave optimum resolution. 3. 3. Analysis of esterases from single individuals showed a high degree of heterogeneity. 4. 4. The frequency of a dense band of esterolytic activity was distinctly different in the two geographic strains. 5. 5. From the results obtained with inhibitors, substrates and heat-lability studies, five different types of esterases were tentatively identified. 6. 6. Most of the esterase activity was sensitive to E 600 (paraoxon).
A parallel algorithm for tiling problems

A parallel algorithm for tiling with polyominoes is presented. The tiling problem is to pack polyominoes in a finite checkerboard. The algorithm using l*m*n processing elements requires O(1) time, where l is the number of different kinds of polyominoes on an m*n checkerboard. The algorithm can be used for placement of components or cells in a very large-scale integrated circuit (VLSI) chip, designing and compacting printed circuit boards, and solving a variety of two- or three-dimensional packing problems. >
A soil-canopy-atmosphere model for use in satellite microwave remote sensing

Regional and global scale studies of land-surface-atmosphere interactions require the use of observations for calibration and validation. In situ field observations are not representative of the distributed nature of land surface characteristics, and large-scale field experiments are expensive undertakings. In light of these requirements and shortcomings, satellite observations serve our purposes adequately. The use of satellite data in land surface modeling requires developing a hydrological model with a thin upper layer to be compatible with the nature of the satellite observations and that would evaluate the soil moisture and soil temperature of a thin layer close to the surface. This paper outlines the formulation of a thin layer hydrological model for use in simulating the soil moistures and soil temperatures. This thin layer hydrological model is the first step in our attempt to use microwave brightness temperature data for regional soil moisture estimation. The hydrological model presented here has been calibrated using five years (1980–1984) of daily streamflow data for the Kings Creek catchment. The calibrated parameters are used to validate the daily streamflows for the next 5 year period (1985–1989). The comparison of surface soil moistures and surface temperatures for the period of the Intensive Field Campaigns (IFCs) during the First ISLSCP (International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project) Field Experiment (FIFE) in 1987 is carried out and yields good results. The thin layer hydrological model is coupled with a canopy radiative transfer model and an atmospheric attenuation model to create a coupled soil-canopy-atmosphere model in order to study the effect of the vegetation and the soil characteristics on the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) brightness temperatures. The sensitivities of the brightness temperatures to the soil and vegetation is examined in detail. The studies show that increasing leaf area index masks the polarization difference signal originating at the soil surface.
Efficacy of plant essential oils as antimicrobial agents against Listeria monocytogenes in hotdogs

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of different plant essential oils against Listeria monocytogenes , both in vitro and in a food system. Essential oils of thyme, clove, and pimenta were found to be most effective, based on disc diffusion experiments. Thyme and clove proved to be highly effective against L. monocytogenes in peptone water (1 g/l) and reduced the bacterial population below detection limits at concentrations of 1 ml/l. Experiments were also carried out in hotdogs of different fat content (zero-, low-, and full-fat) to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of essential oils against L. monocytogenes . Thyme essential oil reduced bacterial populations significantly ( P ⩽0.05) at 1 ml/l level in zero- and low-fat hotdogs, but not in full-fat hotdogs. At 10 ml/l level it reduced the bacterial population >1.3 log 10 cfu/g in zero-fat hotdogs, but was less effective in low- and full-fat hotdogs. Clove essential oil also exhibited antimicrobial activity at 1 ml/l in all hotdogs, and was more effective than thyme at 5 ml/l. However, increasing concentration to 10 ml/l did not result in significant ( P ⩽0.05) reduction of bacterial population. It is concluded that efficacy of essential oils was reduced in a food system due to interaction with food components.
Multi-detector CT and MRI of microembolized myocardial infarct: monitoring of left ventricular function, perfusion, and myocardial viability in a swine model:

BACKGROUND Patients with acute myocardial infarct (MI) show additional damage after coronary interventions. PURPOSE To longitudinally quantify structural and functional changes in the left ventricle (LV) subjected to microembolized MI using multidisciplinary computed tomography (MDCT) and independent reference methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS Swine (n = 20) served as controls (group I) or were subjected to a combination of coronary occlusion, microembolization, and reperfusion and imaged at 3 days (group II) or 3 days and 5 weeks (group III). LV volumes, perfusion, and MI mass were quantified on cine, perfusion, and delayed contrast enhancement (DE) MDCT. MRI, cardiac injury biomarkers, histochemical and histopathologic stains were used as independent references. RESULTS MDCT showed a reduction in ejection fraction and increased end systolic volume (31 ± 2% and 82 ± 3 mL, respectively) of group III compared with I (48 ± 2% and 57 ± 1 mL, respectively). It also demonstrated perfusion deficits in microembolized MI and peri-infarcts. DE-MDCT delineated microvascular obstruction (MVO) zones embedded in acute microembolized MI and microinfarct specks resulting from persistent MVO by deposited microemboli in microvessels of peri-infarct zone. Bland-Altman test showed close agreements between the extents of microembolized MI measured on DE-MDCT, DE-MRI, and histochemical TTC staining, but not between these modalities and microscopy. MI resorption was evident between 3 days and 5 weeks (13.4 ± 0.5 g and 9.8 ± 0.5 g, P < 0.017) and histologic examination revealed incomplete healing. Injury biomarkers were increased after intervention. CONCLUSION MDCT can longitudinally quantify regional perfusion deficits, LV dysfunction, and resorption of microembolized MI. MDCT or MRI can be used alternatively after coronary interventions in cases of contraindications for one modality or the other.
Elevated platelet norepinephrine concentration in patients with pheochromocytomas

Abstract With a radioenzymatic method of analysis we determined the concentration of plasma and platelet norepinephrine in simultaneously drawn blood samples from six patients with pheochromocytomas. All six subjects had elevated platelet norepinephrine concentrations in the preoperative or intraoperative period. Three of the six patients had a normal plasma norepinephrine concentration in their sample. After resection of benign pheochromocytomas the platelet and plasma norepinephrine of five patients returned to normal. The platelet and plasma norepinephrine concentration of a patient with a malignant, non-resectable pheochromocytoma remained elevated. Eight of 30 patients (27%) with hypertension, not thought to be due to pheochromocytoma, had elevated platelet norepinephrine concentrations. All 8 of these patients had diastolic blood pressures of 120 mmHg or greater at the time the blood samples were drawn. In contrast, the six patients with pheochromocytomas had elevated platelet norepinephrine concentrations while normotensive. Only five of 60 “sick” patients (8%) without a history of hypertension had elevated platelet norepinephrine concentration. Platelet norepinephrine concentration is an excellent test to screen patients, with a history of spells of hypertension but presently normotensive, for pheochromocytomas. An elevated value should be followed up with measurement of vanillylmandelic acic (VMA) and/or catecholamines in a 24-h urine collection.
Differences between intentional and non-intentional burns in India: Implications for prevention

Non-intentional and deliberate burns in India and other developing countries present particular challenges of prevention and treatment. This exploratory study sought improved understanding of burns in order to inform treatment and prevention. It gathered data in 2011/2012 on burns from the hospital registry (N=768) of a government hospital in India and from interviews with women patients (N=60) admitted to the burns ward. Analysis indicated that: (1) the conditions that facilitate intentional and non-intentional burns are similar, but intentional burns involve additional contributory factors; (2) a high proportion of patients subjected to burns are young women in domestic situations; and (3) a higher proportion of their TBSA was burned, with consequent higher mortality than for men. It was concluded that: (1) Haddon's matrix and the situational crime prevention framework of criminology assist in understanding the etiology of intentional burns and in identifying preventive measures; (2) social service and criminal justice agencies have important roles in dealing with victims of intentional burns during and after treatment; (3) full account should be taken of gender-related physical, psychological and family factors in planning treatment; and (4) maintaining careful records of burns cases is vital for estimating the prevalence and incidence of intentional injuries. Language: en
Is proteinuria a plausible target of therapy

Microalbuminuria is an independent marker of cardiovascular risk, irrespective of kidney disease. Recent pharmacologic interventions have resulted in a significant delay and even an arrest in the progression of microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria or to chronic kidney disease. Focus should be placed on agents that not only lower blood pressure but also improve albuminuria levels. Current guidelines recommend that hypertensive patients with renal disease should be started on agents that block the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). The use of three to four different agents is frequently necessary to reach the guideline goal blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg.
Identification of potato chromosomes with Giesma

A modified Giesma staining technique was used to identify the somatic chromosomes of diploid potatoes. Distinct banding patterns were observed on all 12 chromosomes. Individual chromosomes were identified according to the number and distribution of bands. No significant difference in banding patterns was observed between the chromosomes of Phureja-haploid Tuberosum hybrids and those ofS. chacocnse. The extra chromosome of a trisomic of 5.chacoense was identified as an isochromosome for the long arm of chromosome G.
PW01-196 - Relationship between schizophrenic symptoms and fMRI activity during performance of a working memory task

Introduction Recent reports show that psychological functions such as working memory, attention and intention produce overlapping functional activation in the inferior parietal region. Task activation related to attention shifting, theory of mind and agency also overlaps in the inferior parietal and posterior superior temporal regions. We hypothesized that schizophrenic symptoms may stem from abnormal activity in these regions. Objectives To understand the relationship between brain abnormalities and symptoms in schizophrenia. Aims To show that abnormal activity in the inferior parietal and posterior superior temporal regions during working memory is related to certain schizophrenic symptoms. Methods 14 schizophrenic and 14 normal control subjects were tested using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in conjunction with a verbal working memory paradigm. Symptoms were assessed using the SAPS and SANS scales. Results As hypothesized, activity in the posterior superior temporal sulcus during working memory was correlated with levels of delusions in schizophrenic subjects. Connectivity strength between regions in the inferior parietal and anterior insula language related regions was related to levels of auditory hallucinations. Conclusions These regions are part of speech and voice perception and production networks. Voice perception during conversation also involves gesture processing, working memory and dynamic shifting of attention, as well as social cognition (e.g. theory of mind) and self/other (agency) representation. Overactivation of this social communication system could result in the symptoms of schizophrenia. We will present the results in the context of a framework implicating these regions in the generation of most of the symptoms of schizophrenia.