cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermotoga neapolitana Homotetrameric Xylose Isomerase Is Expressed as a Catalytically Active and Thermostable Dimer in Escherichia coli

The xylA gene from Thermotoga neapolitana 5068 was expressed in Escherichia coli. Gel filtration chromatography showed that the recombinant enzyme was both a homodimer and a homotetramer, with the dimer being the more abundant form. The purified native enzyme, however, has been shown to be exclusively tetrameric. The two enzyme forms had comparable stabilities when they were thermoinactivated at 95°C. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed thermal transitions at 99 and 109.5°C for both forms, with an additional shoulder at 91°C for the tetramer. These results suggest that the association of the subunits into the tetrameric form may have little impact on the stability and biocatalytic properties of the enzyme.
Deportation and Justice: A Constitutional Dialogue

Recent statutory changes to United States immigration law have resulted in a large increase in the number, of lawful permanent resident noncitizens who are deported because of prior criminal conduct. Now, deportation is often a virtually automatic consequence of conviction for an increasingly minor array of crimes including possessory drug offenses and shoplifting. Under current statutory law, permanent resident noncitizens may be deported for crimes that were not grounds for deportation when they were committed and there may be no possibility of mercy or humanitarian relief. This Dialogue explores arguments for and against this system. Specifically, it examines the idea, rooted in history, that deportation is an unconstitutional punishment for criminal offenses. [77o understand what a constitution is, one must look not for some ►ystalline core or essence of unambiguous meaning but precisely at the ambiguities, the specific oppositions that this specific concept helps us to hold in tension.' Critic: Mr. Kanstroom, I have read your two most recent articles 2 and I think I get the gist of your arguments but I am puzzled by a few things. First, could you state your basic criticism of the current state of U.S. deportation law? Author: Our current deportation laws are disproportionately harsh and unforgiving. The system as a whole is unjust. As a social experi* 2000 Daniel Kanstroom. Associate Clinical Professor of Law, Boston College Law School; Director, Boston College Immigration and Asylum Project. Hanna Fenichel Pitkin, The Idea of a Constitution, 37 J. LEGAL EDUC. 167, 167 (1987). See generally HANNA FENICHEI. PI•KIN, WITTGENSTEIN AND JUSTICE (1972) (elaborating further on this theme). 2 This Dialogue is part of a larger project that critiques the current state of United States deportation law. It is designed to be read in conjunction with two other articles: Daniel Kanstroom, Cuing Wolf or a Dying Canary?, 25 N.Y.U. REV. L. & Soc.. CHANGE (forthcoming 2000) [hereinafter Kanstroom, Crying Wolf]; and Daniel Kanstroom, Depo•tation, Social Control, and Punishment: Some Thoughts About Why Haut Laws Make Bad Cases, 113 Ham'. L. REV. 1889 (2000) [hereinafter Kanstrootn, Deportation, Social Control'. These articles have been made possible by support from Deans Avian Soifer, James Rogers and John Garvey and a grant from Walter I). Wekstein, for which I am most grateful.
Separation of Americium, Curium, and Plutonium from Irradiated Targets

Abstract The Radiochemical Engineering Development Center (REDC) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) processes highly irradiated targets for the Mark 42 program to separate Am, Cm, and Pu. The target feed material for each assembly was 3.3 kg of plutonium (78% 239Pu) that was irradiated at the Savannah River Site to yield approximately 100 g each of 243Am and 244Cm, and 100-g quantities of 242Pu for special DOE projects. The REDC has plans to process ten of these target assemblies over the next few years. The first assembly has been dissolved, and approximately 1/4 of this material has been used to test the processing flowsheet. Various aqueous processes developed at the REDC over the past years were utilized to dissolve the target segments, separate the bulk of the impurities from the transuranics, separate the plutonium from the transplutonium actinides, and separate the rare earth fission products from the Am-Cm. The separation of the Am-Cm products to the desired purity levels presented new proces...
Transcriptional organization of the F1845 fimbrial adhesin determinant of Escherichia coli

Summary The transcriptional organization of the gene cluster encoding the F1845 fimbrial adhesin of a diarrhoea-associated Escherichia coli was investigated. Genes daaA to daaE were determined to constitute a single transcriptional unit under the control of the daaA promoter. The nucleotide sequence of daaA and that of an upstream open reading frame encoded on the opposite strand, designated daaF, were determined to share limited homology with the papB and papi genes of the P fimbrial adhesin, respectively. The 5′ termini of the daaF and daaABCDE transcripts were mapped by primer extension and nuclease protection analyses. The promoters for these transcripts were associated with potential regulatory sequences including two consensus leucine-responsive regulatory protein (Lrp)-binding sites which contained differentially methylated GATC sequences, a cAMP-CRP-binding site, and an integration host factor (IHF)-binding site. Expression of the daa locus was determined to be dependent on Lrp, subject to catabolite repression, and dependent on IHF.
Incontinentia pigmenti in male patients

Background Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare X-linked dominant genodermatosis that is typified by distinctive cutaneous findings and often by abnormalities of teeth, hair, nails, eyes, musculoskeletal system, and central nervous system. The gene that is mutated in patients with IP has been mapped to Xq28 and encodes the NF-κB essential modulator, NEMO. Female patients with IP show functional mosaicism and cutaneous manifestations follow Blaschko's lines of ectodermal embryologic development. The condition is generally considered to be lethal in utero in male fetuses, suggesting that having some normal gene expression is critical for survival. Observations We observed 9 boys with IP. All had normal karotypes and no apparent family history of IP. In 8 of these 9 patients, lesions were localized to one extremity at presentation. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathologic examination that showed eosinophils within intraepidermal, multiloculated vesicles. One of the boys later developed dental and neurologic abnormalities. Limitations The case series was small and the workup for these patients from different sites was not uniform. Conclusions Male individuals may show cutaneous and noncutaneous features of IP in a limited distribution that allows survival. Postzygotic mutation/somatic mosaicism is the likely mechanism. Given the potential sequelae associated with this condition, continuing follow-up of these patients is recommended.
Counter-Narrative as Method: Race, Policy and Research for Teacher Education.

The authors argue for a research and conceptual agenda that complicates and disrupts common narratives in teacher education that have serious implications for race. Building on the pivotal work of legal scholar Derrick Bell and through a critical race theory (CRT) lens, this article challenges researchers to broaden and complexify traditional ideologies related to: (1) characteristics of ideal teachers recruited into the field; (2) the amount of time teachers should be expected to remain in the field through alternative programs such as Teach for America; (3)weight placed on teacher entrance examinations; (4)racial diversity of P-12 teachers; (5)racial and ethnic makeup of teacher educators; and (6)over-reliance on subject matter knowledge in teacher preparation to the exclusion of other aspects of learning to teach. The authors argue given the present racial divide in schools between teachers and students it is imperative for teacher education programs to complicate and intensify the utility of race in t...
Prevalence and Variable Detection of Proximal Colon Serrated Polyps During Screening Colonoscopy

Background & Aims Colonoscopy may have a greater protective effect for distal colorectal cancer (CRC) than proximal CRC. Serrated polyps are frequently located in the proximal colon, can be missed during colonoscopy, and may progress to CRC. We investigated the prevalence and endoscopist detection rates of proximal serrated polyps in a large cohort of average risk patients undergoing screening colonoscopy. Methods Screening colonoscopies performed by 15 attending gastroenterologists at 2 academic endoscopy units between 2000 and 2009 were reviewed. Serrated polyps included hyperplastic polyps, sessile serrated adenomas, and traditional serrated adenomas. Endoscopist-level detection rates for adenomas and serrated polyps were calculated. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the associations of adenoma and proximal serrated polyp detection rates. Logistic regression was used to compare endoscopists' detection rates. Results A total of 11,049 polyps were detected in 6681 colonoscopies (adenomas: 5637, 51%; serrated: 3984, 36%; proximal serrated: 1238, 11%). The proportion of colonoscopies with at least one proximal serrated polyp was 13% (range 1%–18%). Proximal serrated polyp detection rates per colonoscopy ranged from 0.01 to 0.26. Adenoma and proximal serrated polyp detection rates per colonoscopy were strongly correlated ( R = 0.76, P = .0005). The odds of detecting at least one proximal serrated polyp for individual endoscopists ranged from 0.05 to 0.67 compared to the highest level detector. Endoscopist ( P P = .76) or gender ( P = .95), was associated with proximal serrated polyp detection. Conclusions In an average-risk screening cohort, the detection of proximal serrated polyps was highly variable and endoscopist dependent. A significant proportion of proximal serrated polyps may be missed during colonoscopy. High-quality colonoscopy is important for the detection and resection of all polyps with neoplastic potential.
Platelet membrane glycoproteins and microvesicles in blood from postoperative salvage: a study in cardiac bypass patients.

BACKGROUND: Transfusion of blood collected by intraoperative and postoperative salvage systems has been linked to the development of thrombocytopenia and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Although functional defects have been reported in platelets from unwashed salvaged blood, platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) composition, a potentially important determinant of function and survival, has not been studied. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Platelets from 22 patients whose blood was salvaged at the completion of surgery were analyzed and compared to platelets obtained from the venous blood from the same patient. Platelet membranes were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated CD41a monoclonal antibody (anti-GPIIb/IIIa) to identify platelets, a phycoerythrin-conjugated monoclonal antibody, CD62 (anti-P-selectin) to identify activated platelets, and CD42b (anti- GPIb) or anti-GPIb/IX to assess GPIb. Samples were analyzed with a flow cytometer using software. RESULTS: Platelets obtained from salvaged blood demonstrated lower GPIb expression (CD42b and GPIb/IX monoclonal antibody binding), higher P-selectin expression, and greater numbers of platelet-derived microvesicles. CONCLUSION: The clinical significance of transfusing blood containing activated platelets and microvesicles merits investigation.
Fluctuations and coherence in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions

Abstract Fluctuations in transverse energy and multiplicity in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions are a valuable probe of the collision dynamics. Analysis of recent CERN and BNL data on fluctuations in central collisions provides evidence that the nuclear constituents scatter and produce particles coherently.
Modulation of antipyrine and theophylline pharmacokinetics by adequate and excessive dietary protein in F344 male rats

Abstract The pharmacokinetics of antipyrine and theophylline were evaluated in male F344 weanling rats relative to consumption of nutritionally adequate (12%) versus excessive (22% as found in commonly available commercial laboratory diets) levels of dietary protein. Plasma half-lives were reduced significantly for both compounds with an increase from 12 to 22% dietary protein. The volume of distribution of theophylline was not altered by variation in protein consumption, however the volume of distribution of antipyrine was significantly elevated in animals consuming nutritionally adequate (12%) versus excessive (22%) levels of dietary protein. The clearance rate for both compounds was significantly elevated with an increase from 12 to 22% protein. The magnitude of differences in the plasma half-life between the two dietary groups was greatest for theophylline. These data lend support to the suggested replacement of the commonly used laboratory feeds (22% dietary protein which are designed for optimal growth rate) with a diet that provides a nutritionally adequate (12%) quantity of dietary protein. Furthermore, these data, in conjunction with our earlier reports (2,3) underscore the need for including dietary regimen when interpreting and publishing the results of experiments conducted on Laboratory Animals.
Alcohol mixed with energy drinks: Are there associated negative consequences beyond hazardous drinking in college students?

Objective The consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) is prevalent among college students as is hazardous drinking, a drinking pattern that places one at risk for alcohol-related harm. The present study, therefore, examined associations between AmED use, hazardous drinking, and alcohol-related consequences in college students.
Versatile cloning vectors derived from the runaway-replication plasmid pKN402

Two cloning vectors have been constructed employing runaway-replication mutants of plasmid R1. One of these, pMOB45, carries tetracycline and chloramphenicol resistance. The other, pMOB48, carries chloramphenicol resistance, lacOP, and an assayable part of the lacPOZ operon. Both of these plasmids can be amplified to high levels by heat induction, which condition does not lead to inhibition of protein synthesis; thus the plasmid can produce large amounts of DNA and protein. In pMOB48, a unique BamHI site is present near the amino-terminus of the beta-galactosidase gene. Chimeras formed by the insertion of restriction fragments at this site can be detected on X-gal plates, and can be used for the lacIq-controlled expression of proteins which are fused to the amino-terminus of beta-galactosidase. Induction with IPTG at 40 degrees C leads to the synthesis of extremely high levels of proteins whose gene have been cloned into this site.
Direct adaptive actuator failure compensation control: a tutorial

A resilient control system is expected to have the capacity to restore the desired system stability and tracking performance in the presence of uncertain system faults such as actuator failures. While redundant actuators are used for actuator failure accommodation, uncertain actuator failures, whose failure time, pattern, and values may be unknown, can bring new challenges to feedback control design as such uncertain failures can introduce large structural, parametric, and actuation uncertainties. Two technical issues are associated with using redundant actuators: how redundant actuators should be coordinated for effective failure compensation control, and how a feedback control law should be adaptively designed to compensate uncertain actuator failures. In this paper, we present a tutorial on direct adaptive failure compensation-based solutions to these issues for different types of control systems: state tracking using state feedback, output tracking using state feedback or output feedback, for linear, ...
How "representative" is the Terry collection? evidence from the proximal femur.

The work reported here is the beginning of an attempt to determine whether data on skeletal aging changes derived from the Terry collection (Smithsonian Institution) can safely be applied to present-day clinical and forensic problems. Measurements made on radiographs of the proximal third of the right femur below the greater trochanter were compared in three groups of American white females: Terry collection "regulars," Terry collection willed, and GW (George Washington University Medical Center) willed. Mean birth year for the Terry regulars was 1883, whereas the mean birth year for Terry and GW willed was 1910. Terry willed femora are longer than those of Terry regulars, but not more robust. The two groups show opposing secular trends in femoral length, and in this respect the Terry regulars appear closer to the general U.S. population. In two indices of relative medullary cavity size (which reflect changes in cortical thickness as well as internal and external diameters) all three groups agree in showing age-related increase of medullary diameters, greater increase in the anterior-posterior dimension, and greatest amount of increase at diaphyseal levels. The major difference between groups is in timing, with medullary cavity expansion becoming evident at least a decade earlier and leading to greater eventual loss of cortical thickness in the willed groups.
Changes of Ventricular Impulse Formation during Carotid Pressure in Man

No proof exists that carotid sinus pressure influences ectopic automatic ventricular impulse formation in man. Two patients are described who revealed during carotid pressure slowing of a ventricular parasystolic focus and a change of the area of impulse formation respectively.
A walk on the wild side

I first met John Wild, and I have only the vaguest recall of this event, when, accompanying a student who was looking into graduate school, we visited Wild in his office at Northwestern in Evanston, Ill. He had been brought there to head its heavily phenomenological and existentialist philosophy department. The visit was a matter of more or less glancing into his office and getting my first image of him sitting behind a desk, a way I was to see him often, with variations, never it seemed sitting quite up straight but squirming like some mischievous but welcoming, chainsmoking, walleyed monster who didn’t quite belong there. Not that you could see him doing something else, like construction work or skiing; Wild belonged in academia, was bred to it, wore the tweedy emblems of it, yet he would be always shaking his head at it, making excuses for it or chiding it, in one way or another at odds with it. He growled and rasped when he talked, and he growled then, not a malicious growl but something that came from what I can only describe as an impatient, questing depth. The next time I was to see him he would be seated behind a table, at Yale, at one end of a seminar room, chain smoking. But hearsay preceded that vision. An aged Anglican monk, from the Cowley Fathers on Memorial Drive where the Wilds lived while he taught at Harvard, recommended him. During his time at Harvard John Wild had been an advocate of the ‘‘return to reason’’ associated with neoAristotelian philosophy. He was a hero among Thomists including these AngloCatholics. ‘‘A great man, one of the real philosophers! You are fortunate to be heading for Yale because you will have the opportunity to study under him.’’ I didn’t say what I knew, that Wild had abandoned Aristotelianism and all its works, and was now championing phenomenology and its existential progeny. ‘‘I changed my mind’’ he was later to growl to a few of us who knew something about the bitterness of his old philosophical confreres. ‘‘Can’t a man change his mind?’’
A 5GHz resistive-feedback CMOS LNA for low-cost multi-standard applications

A 5GHz broadband LNA achieves 25dB gain, 2dB NF, -14dBm IIP3 and -13dB S11 while drawing 15.5mA from a 2.7V supply. The circuit is fabricated in an RF-enhanced 90nm CMOS technology. The active die area is 0.025mm2
Radiotherapy: has the role of WBRT in primary CNS lymphoma been settled?

The use of whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) in the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma is controversial. A recent randomized study addressing the use of this therapy was flawed and questions remain about the use of WBRT in these patients.
Some musings on folk dance

"When folk dance is presented on stage, it is no longer folk dance." This remark by a graduate dance student set me thinking of discussions over the past several decades-in print, at conferences, in conversations about what is meant, or should be meant, by "folk," "folk dance," "folk music," any of the "folk" arts and the related issues of the practice, presentation, use, or marketing of such arts or their derivatives in nontraditional contexts.' I then recalled the accusation of a young man after a concert of Yugoslav dance and songs given by the folk ensemble I directed in the 1970s: "You are destroying what I love." With differing degrees of civility, both statements reflect a fixed definition of what folk dance is, or should be, which does not include the possibility of its adaptation for the stage. Implicit in such beliefs is the totally reasonable, although challengeable, idea that folk dance is only that dance done by traditional (usually peasant) societies as part of their culture. And yet we employ the term for other meanings as well. In educational, recreational, and theatrical contexts, we say "folk dance" to designate a range of dance material that one might study in a course, do for fun, or see or perform on the stage. In these circumstances, the term implies a genre and (in common usage) is comparable to terms used for other dance genres, such as ballet, modern dance, jazz, tap, and so on.2
The measurement of marital quality.

The quality of marital relationships is the most studied topic pertaining to marriage and family life. Moreover, clinicians have become increasingly interested in this variable as divorce rates have climbed and as services for counseling and therapy have become more readily available and more widely accepted. These research and clinical needs necessitate the availability of measures of variables which assess marital quality (e.g., marital adjustment, satisfaction, and happiness). This article discusses the need for such measures, reviews the history of measurements in this area, identifies some conceptual and methodological issues of relevance, and then focuses most specifically on the Dyadic Adjustment Scale developed by Spanier. Some cautions for clinicians are noted, and a discussion of future measurement needs is presented.
Digital Deliverance: Dragging Rural America Kicking and Screaming into the Information Economy

Edwards, J. (2009). Digital deliverance: Dragging rural America kicking and screaming into the information economy. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, Inc. 188 pages. Justin Edwards sets out ...
Unmet medical needs in antibacterial therapy

The innate and evolutionary resourcefulness of bacterial pathogens virtually guarantees that there will always be important areas in which antimicrobial therapy can be improved. Current areas of need, or ones that are anticipated to be problematic in the near future include nosocomial infections caused by multi-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, where the variety and prevalence of multidrug efflux pumps provides a particular challenge to the designers of new drugs. In the community setting, the current prevalence of ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance, and the growing prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli portend a need for new classes of oral agents to address this important need. On the Gram-positive side, the rapid increase in virulent community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections as a cause of pneumonia emphasizes the importance of developing more agents that are active against MRSA and that are effective for treating pneumonia. Finally, the importance of indwelling devices as a nidus for nosocomial infections emphasizes the need for effective agents for treating biofilm-associated device infection both inside and outside of the hospital.
Inkeepers may still lose liability suits: Despite compliance with statutory regulations

Abstract There was once an understanding that, as long as innkeepers met all legal requirements regarding building and safety codes, it could be established as a matter of law that the innkeepers had met their duty of reasonable care. Such a finding can no longer be guaranteed, however, as demonstrated by the case described here.
Novel magnetic dispersions using silica stabilized particles

This paper describes the preparation and characterization of a novel dispersion of silica coated magnetic particles. It is shown that by controlling the separation distance between the particles in the dispersion a considerable improvement in dispersion quality and recording performance of rigid disks is realized. Magnetic dispersions were prepared by coating γFe 2 O 3 and Co-epitaxial γFe 2 O 3 particles, in a slightly acidic aqueous environment, with colloidal silica particles (4 & 7 nm in size). In order to enhance the particle compatibility with non-polar solvents and binders the silic surface was chemically modified by replacing hydroxyl groups residing on the silica surface with methyl groups. Recording performance of rigid disks prepared with the silica coated magnetic particles was evaluated. Considerable improvement in particle orientability, S/N, defect density and resolution were realized.
The metabolic and immunologic effects of short-term thalidomide treatment of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.

Thalidomide therapy has been shown to cause increases in body weight in patients with HIV and tuberculosis infections. To examine the nature of this weight gain and its immunological correlates in patients with HIV infection, we studied a cohort of 13 patients with minimally symptomatic HIV disease. Patients were admitted to the Rockefeller University General Clinical Research Center and maintained on strict isocaloric diets to achieve weight stabilization before a 14-day course of thalidomide treatment. Mean percentage weight increase was 3.6% on day 14 of thalidomide therapy (p = 0.002). Weight gain was associated with a reduction in mean daily urinary nitrogen excretion of 1.81 g (p = 0.017). Resting energy expenditure was unaffected by thalidomide. Body composition analysis suggested some extracellular fluid retention in the first week of thalidomide therapy, followed by an expansion of lean tissue mass during the second week. Remarkably, total lymphocyte counts and CD8+ T cell counts increased follow...
A kinetic evaluation of anaerobic treatment of swine wastewater at two temperatures in a temperate climate zone

Abstract A static granular bed reactor (SGBR) was used to treat swine wastewater at 24 and 16 °C. At 24 °C, the organic loading rate (OLR) was 0.7–5.4 kg COD/m3 day and the average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was 88.5%, respectively. Meanwhile, at 16 °C, the OLR was 1.6–4.0 kg COD/m3 day and the average COD removal efficiency was 68.0%, respectively. The SGBR acted as a bioreactor as well as a biofilter. After backwashing, the recovery of COD removal was not a function of an OLR but recovery time, while that of TSS removal was not a function of either recovery time or the OLR. The maximum substrate utilization rate (kmax) ratio was 1.89 between 24 and 16 °C, and the half velocity constant (Ks) ratio was 1.22, and the maximum specific growth rate (μmax) ratio was 4.71. In addition, the temperature–activity coefficient in this study was determined to be 1.09.
On the repeated use of databases for testing incremental improvement of computer-aided detection schemes.

Imaging-based computer-aided detection (CAD) or computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) technology is continuing to improve and it appears inevitable that it will merge into the routine clinical practice of diagnostic medicine in general and radiology in particular. (For simplicity we will use CAD here to identify these technologies generically.) Today, CAD use is expanding rapidly in the clinical environment and the number of different applications is likely to increase in the near future. The more obvious examples in the radiologic domain are conventional and digital mammography, conventional and digital chest radiography, computed tomography of the lung, and optical and virtual colonoscopy. Over the last few years we have seen several CAD products approved or cleared for marketing by the US Food and Drug Administration. Most CAD systems use tools regarded as a sub-class of the broad field of statistical learning machines (SLM). Such machines require the use of many exemplar cases — the so-called “training dataset” — during the development or training phase when an attempt is made to optimize the learning and performance of a specified task based on this “known” dataset. A second “testing” phase follows in which the performance of the trained machine is assessed. The purpose of this note is to call attention to one partic-
Electronic structure of thin films by the self-consistent numerical-basis-set linear combination of atomic orbitals method: Ni(001)

We present the self-consistent numerical-basis-set linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) discrete variational method for treating the electronic structure of thin films. As in the case of bulk solids, this method provides for thin films accurate solutions of the one-particle local density equations with a non-muffin-tin potential. Hamiltonian and overlap matrix elements are evaluated accurately by means of a three-dimensional numerical Diophantine integration scheme. Application of this method is made to the self-consistent solution of one-, three-, and five-layer Ni(001) unsupported films. The LCAO Bloch basis set consists of valence orbitals (3d, 4s, and 4p states for transition metals) orthogonalized to the frozen-core wave functions. The self-consistent potential is obtained iteratively within the superposition of overlapping spherical atomic charge density model with the atomic configurations treated as adjustable parameters. Thus the crystal Coulomb potential is constructed as a superposition of overlapping spherically symmetric atomic potentials and, correspondingly, the local density Kohn-Sham (..cap alpha.. = 2/3) potential is determined from a superposition of atomic charge densities. At each iteration in the self-consistency procedure, the crystal charge density is evaluated using a sampling of 15 independent k points in (1/8)th of the irreducible two-dimensional Brillouin zone. The total density of states (DOS)more » and projected local DOS (by layer plane) are calculated using an analytic linear energy triangle method (presented as an Appendix) generalized from the tetrahedron scheme for bulk systems. Distinct differences are obtained between the surface and central plane local DOS. The central plane DOS is found to converge rapidly to the DOS of bulk paramagnetic Ni obtained by Wang and Callaway. Only a very small surplus charge (0.03 electron/atom) is found on the surface planes, in agreement with jellium model calculations.« less
Oral discussions on Session: “Dynamics and Control” - Part II

This paper contains the second part of the transcribed oral discussions of Session “Dynamics and Control” of the 2013 IREP Symposium-Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control, held on Monday morning, August 26, 2013. Papers [1]–[4] were presented.
Kalman Filter Compensation for a Special Class of Systems

Filter compensation techniques for several special but practical cases are discussed. A general set of bias and covariance equations for linear filters with modeling errors is first summarized. A method for relating the modeling errors to the selection of the covariance of "process noise" for model error compensation is suggested. A performance ordering for cases when the true system becomes a subsystem of the model used for the filter construction is given. A bias correcting filter is derived for the case when the filter is matched only to a subsystem of the actual system.
Update on Expanded Newborn Screening: ISSUES FOR CONSIDERATION

Newborn screening has stimulated much controversy. Although screening is performed on babies, the implications of a diagnosis from such screening can last a lifetime. Nurses perform newborn screening on nearly every baby born in the U.S. That adds up to 4 million heel-stick blood samples every year in this country. It's estimated that one of every 800 of these babies will screen positive for a serious disorder.
Productivity of two Douglas fir/subclover/sheep agroforests compared to pasture and forest monocultures

Resource sharing between tree and forage plant components in silvopastoral systems includes a complex set of facilitative and competitive interactions. To the extent that facilitation exceeds competition, agroforests are expected to outyield monocultures of their components. Pasture and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) tree production of young agroforests was compared to pasture and forest monocultures under both grid and cluster patterns of tree planting near Corvallis, Oregon, USA, during 1983–1987. The height and diameter growth of forest and agroforest trees was similar, regardless of tree planting pattern. Five-year average annual forage production was 6500, 5800, and 2800 kg ha−1 on pasture, agroforest, and forest plots, respectively. The total cumulative 1982–1987 above-ground phytomass yield of forage plus trees was similar for pasture and conventional grid forest monocultures. The total productivity of agroforests, however, was over 30% greater than either pasture or forest components grown in monoculture. Approximately 1.6 ha (0.96 ha forest + 0.64 ha pasture) of monocultures would be needed to equal the productivity of 1 ha of agroforest.
Personality Change in Adulthood: Loci of Change and the Role of Interpersonal Process

This study examined personality change in two domains—dispositional tendencies (emotion traits) and characteristic adaptations (views of self) over eight years in a sample of older adults (M = 63.4...
6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa probes dopamine turnover rates in central dopaminergic structures.

6-[18F]Fluoro-L-DOPA (FDOPA) cerebral kinetics and metabolism were correlated in normal primates (Macaca nemestrina) and primates with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced unilateral Parkinsonism. Application of a tracer kinetic model to positron emission tomography (PET) data indicated that the model allows reliable estimation of FDOPA blood brain barrier transport, decarboxylation and release of stored 6-[18F]fluorodopamine (FDA) radioactivity in normal striatum (k4 = 0.005/min, turnover half-time greater than or equal to 2 hr), in agreement with biochemical data. PET scans of MPTP treated monkeys revealed 40-50% reduction in total striatal activity in comparison with pre-MPTP scans. Monkey brain biochemical analysis revealed that the reduction in activity was mainly due to a decrease in FDA and its metabolites, 6[18F]fluorohomovanillic (FHVA) and 6-[18F]fluoro-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (FDOPAC). The remaining activity in tissue was 3-0-methyl-6-[18F]fluoro-L-DOPA (3-OMFD) of peripheral origin. The (FHVA + FDOPAC)/FDA ratio was 1:2 in normal putamen and greater than or equal to 6:1 in the lesioned putamen, indicative of a dramatic increase in turnover of FDA. Both kinetic and biochemical data indicate that FDOPA labels a slow turnover rate pool of dopamine in rat and primate brain. This turnover rate for stored dopamine (DA) is accelerated with dopaminergic cell losses (e.g., MPTP-induced Parkinsonism).
Experimental evaluation of enhanced generation of ultrasonic waves using an array of laser sources

Abstract An array of ten pulsed Nd: YAG lasers was constructed in order to study the effects of generating ultrasound with an array of laser sources. The laser system permitted the spatial and temporal control of the firing of the individual lasers in the array necessary for the production of both narrow-band ultrasonic signals and phased array single pulses. The increase in sensitivity of a laser ultrasonic system associated with the generation of narrow-band and phased array acoustic waves is discussed theoretically and verified experimentally for surface and bulk wave generation. The ultrasonic signals were generated in aluminium samples of various thicknesses and with source laser power densities consistent with generation in the thermoelastic regime, thus causing no damage to the surface of the specimens. The signals were detected using a path stabilized Michelson interferometer. In the narrow-band case, the waveforms were digitally filtered in order to take advantage of the reduced spectral range of the generated acoustic energy. A significant increase in the sensitivity of the laser ultrasonic system, consistent with theoretical predictions, was observed in both the narrow-band and phased array cases.
The Estrus Detection Problem: New Concepts, Technologies, and Possibilities

The single most important problem limiting high reproductive efficiency in the national dairy herd is poor detection of estrus. Failure to detect estrus or erroneous diagnosis of estrus results in an estimated annual loss of over $300 million to the dairy industry in the US. New technologies for the solution of this problem must be more effective than visual observation and aids currently used to detect estrus. Ideally, technologies that provide the solution for detection problems should provide the following: continuous (24 h/d) surveillance of the cow, accurate and automatic identification of cows in estrus, operation for the productive lifetime of the cow, minimized labor requirements, and high accuracy in identifying the appropriate physiologic or behavioral events that correlate highly with ovulation. New approaches are aimed at providing automation of detection of estrus using electronic technology. Pedometry, implantable impedance sensors, and surface-applied and implantable pressure sensors are in various stages of development and use.
A limnological comparison of two small Idaho reservoirs

Some limnological aspects of two small, widely fluctuating reservoirs were studied for one year. A well defined thermocline did not form in either reservoir. Annual heat budgets were about 15,000 cal/cm2 for both waters. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were low on the bottom during the summer months. Both reservoirs were alkaline with the pH ranging from 7.5 to 8.9. The mean primary production summer rates of nannoplankton were 9.9 mg C/m3/hr for Crowthers Reservoir and 6.7 mg C/m3/hr for Deep Creek Reservoir. Standing crop of zooplankton was highest in Deep Creek Reservoir. Biomass of detrital heterotrophs was highest in Crowthers.
Autoepitope Mapping of the Centrosome Autoantigen PCM-1 Using Scleroderma Sera with Anticentrosome Autoantibodies

We previously characterized a scleroderma serum (serum 1) containing autoantibodies against centrosome autoantigens that have been named PCM-1, PCM-2, and PCM-3. In this study, we analyzed another sclerodoma serum (serum 2) reactive with centrosome autoantigens of identical molecular weights to those recognized by serum 1. To further analyze the autoepitope domains in PCM-1 recognized by the autoantibodies present in scleroderma sera, cDNAs encoding different portions of the PCM-1 autoantigen were expressed in bacteria as fusion proteins. The immunoreactivity of the fusion proteins to the scleroderma sera was assayed by immunoblot analysis. Two regions containing autoepitope domains reactive with both sera were identified in the PCM-1 molecule. One is between amino acids 312–706 of the PCM-1 autoantigen, and the other is localized between amino acids 1,433–1,787, indicating that the immune response is oligoclonal. The results are important to clarify the mechanism of induction of anticentrosome autoantibo...
The evaluation and management of platelet refractoriness and alloimmunization.

T HE ARREST of hemorrhage associated with an increase in the patient's platelet count after blood transfusion was first reported by Duke in 1910.' It was not until the 1960s that clinical studies showed that therapeutic platelet transfusions decreased fatal hemorrhagic complications in thrombocytopenic patients2 and that prophylactic platelet transfusions reduced episodes of bleeding.3 More recent reports have suggested that a threshold of I O,OOO/~ for prophylactic platelet transfusion is equivalent to 20,OOO/~ in the absence of additional complicating clinical factors such as platelet dysfunction, associated coagulopathy, or primary defects of vascular integrity.4.5 The hemostatic benefit of platelet transfusion is presumably mediated through an increase in the posttransfusion platelet count above a target level, and clai"!s that platelet transfusion may be beneficial even in the absence of such an increase are not commonly accepted.
ANTERIOR HYALOID FACE OPACIFICATION AFTER PEDIATRIC ND:YAG LASER CAPSULOTOMY

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the clarity of the visual axis after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy following cataract extraction and primary intraocular lens implantation in a pediatric population. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all cases of cataract extraction and primary intraocular lens implantation over a period of 5 years. A group of children who had been treated by primary surgical posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy (Group 1) was used as the “gold standard,” with whom the children treated with Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy (Group 2) were compared. The groups were studied for the incidence of opacification of the visual axis after the primary procedure. Results: Data on 78 eyes were reviewed, and 56 eyes met inclusion criteria. Of these, 33 eyes were treated with primary posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy (Group 1) and 23 eyes were treated with Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy (Group 2). One eye (3%) of Group 1 experienced postoperative visual axis reopacification. Thirteen (57%) of 23 eyes in Group 2 experienced reopacification, requiring retreatment. Four eyes (17%) treated with Nd:YAG laser required a third treatment. Conclusions: In our series, 57% of patients treated with Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy experienced reopacification across the anterior hyaloid face. With the removal of the anterior vitreous at the time of cataract extraction, the scaffolding for cell migration is removed and reopacification of the visual axis is rarely seen. For patients in whom slit-lamp capsulotomy is not possible, especially if there is no Nd:YAG laser available for use in the operating room or when loss to follow-up may be an issue, primary posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy should be strongly considered. (J AAPOS 1999;3:303-7)
Penalty-free discontinuous Galerkin methods for incompressible Navier–Stokes equations

A first-order discontinuous Galerkin method is proposed for solving the steady-state incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The stability of this penalty-free method is obtained by locally enriching the discrete space with a quadratic polynomial. A priori error estimates are derived. Numerical examples confirm the theoretical convergence.
Dialogic Responsiveness: Toward Synthesis, Complexity, and Holism in Our Reponses to Young Literacy Learners

In this investigation of classroom literacy contexts, the term “dialogic responsiveness” is introduced and utilized in order to provide a holistic framework for synthesizing, researching, and describing the complexities of responsive dialogue. An in-depth perspective was provided via one reading teacher, who exemplified dialogic responsiveness, as she interacted with six focus students during literacy instruction. A breadth of perspectives was provided via four regular classroom teachers as they interacted with four of these focus students during literacy instruction. Findings reveal how these teachers were able to be responsive to the cultural, cognitive, emotional, motivational, and physical needs of young literacy learners. The findings also detail how each teacher's dialogic responsiveness influenced the literacy participation of students. The complexities of these findings are discussed by reviving and extending a metaphor used previously in the literature-the metaphor of weaving. This metaphor is ar...
Hormonal and physiological control of clutch size, egg size, and egg shape in side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana) : constraints on the evolution of lizard life histories

We present comparative data from studies of natural populations and experimental manipulations addressing the control of clutch size, egg size, and egg shape among three populations of side-blotched lizards, Uta stansburiana. On a geographic basis, females from northern populations located in the Coast Range of California produced small clutches of large eggs compared to populations from more southern locations (as little as 60 km farther south). A similar tradeoff between clutch size and egg size was observed among individuals within a population, females that lay large eggs tend to produce small clutches; on a seasonal basis, females laid smaller clutches consisting of larger eggs later in the reproductive season. Injections of ovine follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) into vitellogenic females increased the mean clutch size (from 4.2 to 6.0 eggs) with a concomitant decrease in egg mass (from 0.43 to 0.33 g). By contrast, a surgical reduction of clutch size (yolkectomy of two follicles) caused an increase in egg mass (from 0.43 to 0.53 g)—egg shape changed (elongation) with egg hypertrophy. This increase in egg mass was due largely to increased yolk; hatchlings from these hypertrophied eggs were proportionately heavier than those from control eggs. Egg size was independent of the time course of follicular development (time to oviposition from the onset of yolking averaged 29 days). These complementary manipulations indicate that (1) the number of eggs in the clutch is under the control of circulating plasma gonadotropin concentrations, and (2) the size of eggs is set by the number of follicles undergoing vitellogenesis and finally ovulated. Moreover, the effect of manipulations was dependent on the stage of vitellogenesis: production of large clutches of small eggs did not occur in females if administration of FSH commenced when follicles were above 4–5 mm in diameter (ovulation normally occurs at 8 mm), and some females undergoing yolkectomy during early vitellogenesis recruited new follicles.