cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vaccination of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), by immersion and oral booster against Edwardsiella ictaluri

. A commercially prepared vaccine against Edwardsiella ictaluri was used to vaccinate 12-day-old channel catfish fry by immersion, or by immersion plus an oral booster 2 months later. One month after the fish were fed the booster vaccine, they were challenged by waterborne exposure to 2·1 × 106 cells ml−1 of E. ictaluri. Immersion only vaccinated fish suffered 6·7% mortality and immersion plus oral-boosted fish had a 3·3% mortality. Mortality among non-vaccinated controls was 96·7% and was significantly (P < 0·01) above the vaccinated mortality. The relative per cent survival for the immersion-only fish was 93·1, while it was 96·6 for the immersion plus oral-boosted fish. Agglutinating antibody titres of the vaccinated fish were significantly (P < 0·05) higher than the control fish. When the ponds were drained 6 months after stocking, 42·7% of non-vaccinated, 56·3% of immersion-only and 70·8% of immersion plus oral-boosted fish were harvested. Survival of immersion plus orally-boosted fish was significantly (P < 0·05) higher than the controls of immersion-only fish. Duplicate populations of immersion plus oral-booster-vaccinated fish grew 34% and 56% faster, respectively, on an average daily gain than the control fish, while immersion-only fish in one pond grew 20% less per day and fish in the second pond grew 48% faster.
The Impact of Geology on the United States: A Reference Guide to Benefits and Hazards

Environmental geology is arguably an important component of undergraduate geology coursework. The topic of natural hazards, typically contained in chapters of most environmental geology texts, has grown in the last few years to become a separate subject. It is now common to see undergraduate courses offered in natural hazards with excellent supporting, stand-alone textbooks. Finding solutions to environmental problems and the evaluation and mitigation of natural hazards continues to be an important focus of most engineering geology firms, thus making study in these subject areas important to geology majors. As these geologic disciplines evolve with new research findings, there is a need for continual improvements in textbooks and reference materials.
Drag coupling between a thin Al film and a two-dimensional electron gas near the superconducting transition

Abstract We studied a bilayer system consisting of a two-dimensional electron gas in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure and a thin superconducting Al film. Our goal was to probe the coupling between the electrons and the thermally excited vortices present near the superconducting transition temperature. Drag measurements were made by passing current through the superconducting layer and measuring the voltage induced in the two-dimensional electron gas. Our measurements indicated no drag voltage, down to less than 10 nV , in any of our devices. From this we deduce an upper limit on the drag resistance of 1 mΩ . These results were unaffected by varying the properties of the two-dimensional electron gas or the drive current.
The Reaction of acetylenes with bis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)dicarbonylchromium]

Abstract The reaction between [η-5-C5H5Cr(CO)2]2 and acetylenes proceeds readily in refluxing toluene, to produce a series of binuclear chromacyclopentadiene complexes, the first examples of chromium metallacycles to be isolated.
From Performance to Casket Copy: Comparing the Homeric Epics with the Tanakh as Scriptures

Does the central role of the Iliad and the Odyssey in ancient Greek culture indicate that they functioned as scripture? Taking the role of the Tanakh in Jewish culture as the standard of comparison, this essay argues that, while the Tanakh and the epics functioned similarly as foundational texts in their respective cultures, the ways in which Homer was used in Hellenic culture differ markedly from the ways in which the Tanakh was used in ancient Jewish culture. The Homeric epics were primarily thought of as orally delivered or performed events throughout most of their history, only coming to be thought of as primarily written texts in the Hellenistic era and later, whereas almost from its origins the Tanakh commands and exemplifies a textcentered community in which that which is written is most important.
The aggregate production function of an industry with generalized-Leontief cost functions at the micro level

Abstract It is shown that Houthakker's (1955–1956) result, which is based on fixed capacity and Leontief technology at the micro level, extends to the case where firms have generalized Leontief cost functions and U shaped cost curves.
Modification of Proton Transport Kinetics of the Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase after Adaptation of Tobacco Cells to NaCI

Summary Plasma membrane enriched vesicle fractions were isolated on discontinuous sucrose gradients from unadapted and 428 mM NaCl adapted tobacco cells ( Nicotiana tabacum L. var. Wisconsin 38). The fractions collected from the 36/45 % interfaces were determined to be plasma membrane enriched based on analyses of marker enzyme activities. Kinetic properties of H + -transport (determined by [ 14 C]-SCN - uptake) of the plasma membrane H + -ATPase of adapted cells were substantially different than those of unadapted cells. H + transport activity of the plasma membrane H + -ATPase from NaCl adapted cells was more susceptible to substrate inhibition by free ATP (k i = 3.1 mM) than the activity of the plasma membrane H + -ATPase from unadapted cells (k i = 10 mM). The plasma membrane H + -ATPase from NaCl adapted cells exhibited an apparent K m for MgATP of 0.6 ± 0.2 mM compared with 1.76 ± 0.5 mM for the plasma membrane H + -ATPase from unadapted cells. These data indicate that the plasma membrane H + -ATPase of adapted cells can function efficiently in saline environments where increased competition for the ATP pool is presumed.
The Relation Between the Customer-Based Brand Equity of Media Outlets and Their Media Channel Credibility: An Exploratory Study

This study explores the relation between the customer-based brand equity (CBBE) of media outlets and their media channel credibility. D. A. Aaker's (1991) dimensions of CBBE (perceived quality, brand awareness, brand association, and brand loyalty) and Meyer's (1988) dimensions of media credibility (fairness, bias, accuracy, trustworthiness, and comprehensiveness) were used to create the construct indexes. A survey was self-administered by 201 respondents. The results show that CBBE predicts 67% of the variance in media channel credibility. Three of the 4 constructs of CBBE (perceived quality, brand association, and brand loyalty) were significantly related to media channel credibility. The relation between media channel credibility and brand awareness was not statistically significant. ACCESS TO FULL TEXT
Critically problematizing the term â€œChineseâ€: Implications for language teaching for Chinese Diasporic communities

While Chinese in the form of Mandarin is currently heavily emphasized in language teaching arenas, little research has looked at the maintenance of other equally relevant Chineses. â€œChineseâ€ has been highly diversified in the U.S. and Asian contexts for centuries. Inattention to this diversity sparks the need for a critical viewing of placing too much worth in the political economy of Mandarin at the expense of all the other varieties of Chinese in the local ecologies. In looking at local-level processes we can better understand how to bring minoritized varieties forward. This paper will begin with background information on the varieties of Chinese, followed by a description of the methodology and data collected by the authors, along with the implications this data have on â€œChineseâ€ language teaching for Chinese diasporic communities in the U.S. We call for the re-envisioning and reconceptualization of the multiple discourses of â€œChinese.â€
Organization of Storm Track Anomalies by Recurring Low-Frequency Circulation Anomalies

Abstract From previous studies it is known that anomalous momentum fluxes by bandpass eddies are important in maintaining long-lasting tropospheric flow anomalies. Evidence is presented that suggests that these anomalous fluxes do not occur at random but happen because the structure of storm track activity is modified by the presence of prominent low-frequency, large-scale circulation anomalies. This behavior is noted in an extended integration of a perpetual January simulation with a general circulation model (GCM). Because nonlinear feedbacks between low- and high-frequency variability make it difficult to establish causal relationships between these two ranges of variability, a model is constructed that approximates the storm track activity that would be expected to accompany a given low frequency without including the feedback of the high frequencies onto the low-frequency state. This model is based on the linearized primitive equations and uses a series of short integrations from random initial condi...
Serial Supply Chains with Economies of Scale: Bounds and Approximations

We consider two models of stochastic serial inventory systems with economies of scale for which the forms of optimal policies are known. In the first model, each stage has a fixed-order quantity, while in the second model, there is a fixed-order cost for external supplies. For each model, we show that the optimal policy parameters can be bounded and approximated by a series of independent, single-stage optimal policy parameters. We further construct closed-form bounds and approximations for the single-stage solutions and apply them to the serial systems. These results provide simple and effective solutions that will help to facilitate implementations in practice. They also allow us to see the connections between the serial and single-stage systems and sharpen our intuition on optimal policy parameters and system behavior.
Transposing from the Laboratory to the Classroom to Generate Authentic Research Experiences for Undergraduates

Large lecture classes and standardized laboratory exercises are characteristic of introductory biology courses. Previous research has found that these courses do not adequately convey the process of scientific research and the excitement of discovery. Here we propose a model that provides beginning biology students with an inquiry-based, active learning laboratory experience. The Dynamic Genome course replicates a modern research laboratory focused on eukaryotic transposable elements where beginning undergraduates learn key genetics concepts, experimental design, and molecular biological skills. Here we report on two key features of the course, a didactic module and the capstone original research project. The module is a modified version of a published experiment where students experience how virtual transposable elements from rice (Oryza sativa) are assayed for function in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. As part of the module, students analyze the phenotypes and genotypes of transgenic plants to determine the requirements for transposition. After mastering the skills and concepts, students participate in an authentic research project where they use computational analysis and PCR to detect transposable element insertion site polymorphism in a panel of diverse maize strains. As a consequence of their engagement in this course, students report large gains in their ability to understand the nature of research and demonstrate that they can apply that knowledge to independent research projects.
Kuria cattle raiding: capitalist transformation, commoditization, and crime formation among an east African agro-pastoral people.

L'A. tente de documenter et d'analyser la transformation, remarquee au cours du XX eme siecle, de la maniere dont les Kuria, tribu qui se deplace sur la frontiere entre la Tanzanie et le Kenya, accomplissent leurs attaques de troupeaux. Il se sert de documents coloniaux des Archives Nationales de Tanzanie, ainsi que de donnees provenant de recherches sur le terrain effectuees en 1994 et 1996 dans un village Kuria du clan Nyamongo au nord de la Tanzanie. Il demontre que ces pillards Kuria sont, depuis les annees 1920, d'importants agents de la penetration capitaliste dans cette region perdue
Exercise and weight loss improve exercise capacity independent of cardiac function in metabolic syndrome.

Hypertension, diabetes and obesity cause cardiac diastolic dysfunction (DD) which could reduce exercise capacity. Our aim was to determine if 10% weight loss by exercise at 60% VO2max five days/week (~-375 kcal/session) and caloric restriction (~-600 kcal/d) over 6 months improves exercise capacity and DD in Metabolic syndrome (MetS). Eighteen subjects (40 + 1y, women ¼ 6, BMI ¼ 33.5 + 1.0 kg/m 2 ) successfully completed the study. Maximal treadmill stress echocardiography was performed at baseline and post weight loss to determine VO2max, resting and stress DD as the ratio of peak early diastolic mitral inflow velocity (E) to tissue Doppler early diastolic annular decent (E’). After weight loss (mean ¼ 9.5+ 0.2%), all metabolic parameters improved. Resting and stress E/E’ values remained normal before and after weight loss. Exercise intolerance is likely due to general deconditioning and not cardiac dysfunction in early MetS as VO2max increases significantly with lifestyle while cardiac function remains unchanged.
History of high-intensity interactions: Physics of the power scaling of the 2.9 angstrom Xe(L) X-ray amplifier to the multi-petawatt level

The article presents experimental results demonstrating Xe(L) spectral hole-burning and corresponding saturated amplification on the Xe31+ transition array. Xe(L) single-pulse spontaneous emission spectrum was recorded with a CCD equipped von Hamos mica spectrograph. A spectral comparison of the amplified spectrum with the spontaneous emission profile is also presented.
Nothing Can Be Fixed

We establish the existence of zero elements in certain partially ordered monoids and use them to prove the existence of least fixed points in domain theory. This algebraic stance is the magic underlying Pataraia’s constructive proof of the fixed point theorem.
Four Decades Of African American Portrayals In Magazine Advertising

This paper examines the frequency of black portrayals as well as the occupations and racial compositions employed in ads depicting blacks in four mass circulation consumer magazines over four decades The portrayal of African Americans in advertising has been of interest to marketers for more than half a century. However, few studies have spanned multiple decades and very few have been extended into the 21 st century. This study extends a previous paper (Stevenson 1999) addressing the portrayal of blacks in the consumer print media. Through the use of content analysis, more than 1500 ads were analyzed in these magazines for the years 1975, 1985, 1995, and 2005. Findings indicate that there were significant increases in the numbers of blacks portrayed in the magazines analyzed in this study. It was also determined that where blacks were portrayed in occupational roles, most depictions were “above skilled labor” and that most portrayals utilized mixed peer rather than non-mixed peer depictions. Findings are compared to previous studies, managerial implications are considered, and suggestions for future research are offered.
Encyclopedia of statistics in behavioural science

Encyclopedia of statistics in behavioural science, edited by Brian S. Everitt and David C. Howell, John Wiley and Sons Inc., 111 River Street, MS 8-01, Hoboken, NJ 07030 – 5774, USA, 2nd ed., Vols ...
Epitaxial piezoelectric thin films on flexible substrates for microelectromechanical systems

It is well known that the piezoelectric properties of a thin film can be influenced by crystallographic texture. At the extreme case, epitaxial thin films can be deposited on single crystal substrates (with appropriate lattice matching) to effectively achieve a single crystal thin film. Here, the maximum advantage of orientation dependence is found. Typically this has required small, expensive single crystalline substrates. In the past 10 years however, the technique of Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD) has been developed for applying a biaxial textured template to an arbitrary smooth surface. That is, biaxially textured MgO (~10 nm thick) can be deposited on a flexible, polycrystalline or amorphous substrate. This has opened up a new realm of materials integration possibilities, with the prime example being high-temperature superconducting wires. Here, the same template is utilized for deposition of epitaxial piezoelectric thin films onto flexible substrates.
Multichannel MAC Protocols for Wireless Networks

In this paper, we propose two new MAC protocols for multichannel operation in wireless ad hoc and mesh networks. The first protocol, extended receiver directed transmission protocol (xRDT) is based on a previously known multichannel solution called receiver directed transmission (RDT) that uses a notion of quiescent channel. xRDT solves the problems faced by RDT, such as multichannel hidden terminal and deafness, by using an additional busy tone interface and few additional protocol operations. We also develop a novel single interface solution, called local coordination-based multichannel MAC (LCM MAC). LCM MAC performs coordinated channel negotiations and channel switching to provide multichannel support. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these two protocols over two other well-known multichannel protocols - MMAC and DCA - via extensive ns2 simulations
Is bilingual babbling language-specific? Some evidence from a case study of Spanish–English dual acquisition

This paper contributes to current investigations of the nature of babbling in infants raised bilingually by analyzing the babbling of a child raised in a Spanish-English environment. Examination of syllable structure shows the expected preponderance of open syllables in both language contexts while other phenomena point to important differences dependent on language context. While some of the differences relate to general features of the input languages, others coincide with individual features of the parents' input. These results offer some evidence of distinct babbling according to language context and suggest a possible influence of the type of input.
Computerized vector mapping of myocardial activation

The creation of instantaneous vectors from bipolar electrograms is automated and a movie plot consisting of a sequence of video frames displaying vectors of activation at different points in time is presented to characterize the patterns of cardiac activation in normal and diseased tissue. Preliminary studies were undertaken to test the system with normal canine hearts using single site mapping. In addition to standard isochronal and maximum vector map displays, the program generates a cinegraphic display of vectors of activation at different times, thereby tracking the entire cardiac cycle. >
Interspecific Cross-Reactivity of Deciduoma Antiserum: Interaction Between Mouse Deciduoma and Antiserum to Rat Deciduoma

Antiserum to rat deciduoma produced in the rabbit cross-reacted with mouse deciduoma extract in agar gel double diffusion test. The results of insmunoelectrophoresis revealed that the mouse deciduoma extract contained one antigen specific to deciduoma. This antigen has a mobility similar to the antigen found in rat deciduoma. Intraluminal injection of the antiserum to the mouse uterus suppressed deciduoma formation. These results suggest that mechanisms of decidualization in both species may involve similar cellular changes in producing new substances in the decidualized tissue. In a previous report (Yoshinaga, 1972), it was shown that antibody to rat deciduoma could be produced in the rabbit and that the antiserum administered directly into the uterine lumen of pseudopregnant rats inhibited deciduoma formation. This antibody, specific to deciduoma, may serve not only for the study of the mechanisms involved in ovum implantation and decidual response of the uterus, but also for possible application to fertility control. Since decidual cell response is commonly observed in various species of mammals, it was of interest to see if the antibody produced against rat deciduoma would cross-react with deciduoma in other species of mammals. This report describes our study on the cross-reactivity between the antibody to rat deciduoma and mouse deciduoma. A preliminary report of this work was published in abstract form (Yoshinaga, 1973).
Protecting Small Savers: The Political Economy of Economic Security

Admitting, then, that it is eminently desirable to reduce the action of the organized public force to the minimum … shall we not say that government can not relieve itself from the necessity of frequent and minute interferences with industry in any other way to so great an extent as by, 1st, insisting on the thorough primary education of the whole population; 2d, providing a strict system of sanitary administration; 3d, securing by special precautions the integrity of banks of savings for the encouragement of the instincts of frugality, sobriety, and industry? Each of these things is contrary to the doctrine of Laissez faire; yet I, for one, can not find room to doubt that, on purely economical grounds, the action of the State herein is not only justifiable but a matter of elementary duty.
An efficient Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector routing protocol

In this paper, we propose a method to improve fault tolerance and load balancing in Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol. This is desirable because in ad hoc settings, mobility may cause routes to break frequently and hence alternative paths are needed. The original AODV only maintains one path for a source-destination pair. This has three disadvantages. First, it will result in frequent path discovery processes and huge broadcast traffic in highly dynamic environment. Second, it cannot support asymmetric network, in which upstream and downstream path are different. Third, it has no load balancing support. To solve these problems, we propose an Efficient AODV (EAODV) by maintaining multiple paths in route tables to achieve fault tolerance and load balancing.
A Robust, Composite Packaging Approach for a High Voltage 6.5kV IGBT and Series Diode

The main motivation of this work is to design, fabricate, test, and compare an alternative, robust packaging approach for a power semiconductor current switch. Packaging a high voltage power semiconductor current switch into a single power module, compared to using separate power modules, offers cost, performance, and reliability advantages. With the advent of Wide-Bandgap (WBG) semiconductors, such as Silicon-Carbide, singular power electronic devices, where a device is denoted as a single transistor or rectifier unit on a chip, can now operate beyond 10kV–15kV levels and switch at frequencies within the kHz range. The improved voltage blocking capability reduces the number of series connected devices within the circuit, but challenges power module designers to create packages capable of managing the electrical, mechanical, and thermal stresses produced during operation. The non-sinusoidal nature of this stress punctuated with extremely fast changes in voltage and current, with respect to time, leads to ...
Contributions of Behavioral Primatology to Veterinary Science and Comparative Medicine

Behavioral primatology is a subdiscipline of the research area referred to as primatology. Like primatology, behavioral primatology is an eclectic field of study made up of researchers from diverse basic disciplines having very different historical roots and employing extremely different methodologies biased by emphases and assumptions dictated by their histories. Psychologists, zoologists, anthropologists, and psychiatrists make up the majority of those currently active in behavioral primatology, but others, including those in veterinary science, are active in research in the area. Behavioral data can be useful to veterinary scientists and to those in comparative medicine and are interesting in their own right. Veterinarians and medical scientists may specialize in behavioral disorders. In addition, those not directly interested in behavior itself may still make use of behavioral indices of potential physiologic and morphologic abnormality. Often an animal may be inadvertently stressed by social and nonsocial environmental factors, and such stress effects may be first and best recognized by behavioral means. A recognition by those not in the behavioral sciences of the basic feral behavior of primates can go a long way toward prevention or alleviation of both behavioral and physical stress of primates in captivity. Studies of free-ranging but captive troops are sources of information almost as good as, and sometimes even better than, field studies. In addition, there is a growing realization that "natural experiments" on primates in zoos can be of value, especially since many species held in zoologic parks are those least well known in more traditional captive research settings. It must be recognized that the findings from research done on captive primates living in large field cages are not directly comparable to those derived from more directly invasive but more experimental laboratory settings. A comparative perspective on captive environments, as well as on species, is strongly recommended. Behavioral primatologists, and particularly psychologists, have long been interested in behavioral development in various species of primates. A recognition of the importance of the effects of early experience, of species differences in development, of sex differences in development, of differences in species-specific social structures and in the relative plasticity of these, and of differences in symptoms of behavioral abnormality can contribute to the arsenal of techniques that might be used to improve the well-being of the primates and can help in the selection of appropriate animal models of disorder in humans for those in comparative medicine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The Role of Comparative Effectiveness Research in Developing Clinical Guidelines and Reimbursement Policies

Comparative effectiveness research (CER) may become an important factor in Medicare coverage decisions, and the new health care law may make it more easily available to the public to help in medical decision making. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Racial Discrimination and African-American Quarterbacks in the National Football League, 1968-1999

This article argues that African-American quarterbacks have faced consistent discrimination in the National Football League since Marlin Briscoe broke through the color barrier at the position in 1968. The author identifies the issue of intelligence as central to the discrimination practiced against African-American NFL quarterbacks and identifies two central arguments traditionally used to prove the insufficiency of black intelligence to play the position - the Wonderlic argumentation and the Option argumentation. The author identifies several problems with these arguments. The author concludes by drawing a correlation between the argument used against African-Americans playing quarterback in the NFL and similar discrimination against African-Americans in broader society.
The Pink Elephant Revisited

Pink Elephant Tavern in the Harrington Hotel in Washington to agree on the details necessary to administer a grant from the Council on Library Resources, Inc., to the Society of American Archivists for a survey of state archival programs. Ernst Posner, of course, was far more than a refugee; in fact, he had become a major force in the development of archival training and administration in the United States.1 Mayfield Bray was more than a research assistant; in fact, she was a trusted associate of Ernst's and a substantial contributor to the
Evaluation of the influence of source and spatial resolution of DEMs on derivative products used in landslide mapping

ABSTRACTLandslides are a major geohazard, which result in significant human, infrastructure, and economic losses. Landslide susceptibility mapping can help communities plan and prepare for these damaging events. Digital elevation models (DEMs) are one of the most important data-sets used in landslide hazard assessment. Despite their frequent use, limited research has been completed to date on how the DEM source and spatial resolution can influence the accuracy of the produced landslide susceptibility maps. The aim of this paper is to analyse the influence of spatial resolutions and source of DEMs on landslide susceptibility mapping. For this purpose, Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection (ASTER), National Elevation Dataset (NED), and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) DEMs were obtained for two study sections of approximately 140 km2 in north-west Oregon. Each DEM was resampled to 10, 30, and 50 m and slope and aspect grids were derived for each resolution. A set of nine spatial databases w...
A Chronological Catalog: Virginia's Approach

problems brought to members of the staff of the TYPICAL Manuscripts Division of the University of Virginia Library such as "I'm doing a book on the life of ordinary people at the beginning of the American Revolution. I want to see every collection you've got that covers this period"; or "I'm interested in changing attitudes toward slavery after Nat Turner's slave rebellion of 1831. What do you have pertaining to this?" made us realize there was a serious defect in our system of finding aids. There was no way we could tell a researcher about all the collections containing material that might assist him in collecting information on a research topic centering about a particular time period. Our regular catalog can answer many other research questions, but cannot give an adequate answer to this type. Because of the interest of a former curator in the national union catalog of manuscripts movements the University of Virginia changed its cataloging system over to the basic nucmc format when it was perfected. We acquired a professional cataloger for the first time to prepare nucmc reports and recatalog old collections as necessary. Our catalog originally followed the preliminary rules available in mimeographed form, and now of course depends to a large degree on the rules as available in the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules. Subject headings are obtained from the Library of Congress list (7th ed.) with the variations we find necessary written into our copies for uniformity. To facilitate the production of cards for the Manuscripts Division catalog, which is maintained separately from that of the main library, we used for some years the multilith duplication service available through the Preparations Division until this was replaced by Xerox duplication equipment in the Photographic Services Division. AH tracings for our catalog are typed on the top of duplicates of the first card of the main entry for each collection cataloged. The catalogers' part-time typist orders as many copies of the main entry card duplicated as she will need to prepare all the indicated tracings. Thus, we knew it would be a simple matter to obtain extra cards for any collections which were cataloged. Our real problems in the development of a chronological catalog were acquiring extra help for the typing of cards and some sort of plan of approach.
cis/trans Isomerization of o-Phosphino-Arenesulfonate Palladium Methyl Complexes

The cis/trans isomerization of (PO-OMe)PdMe(lut) ([PO-OMe]− = 2-{P(2-OMe-Ph)2}-4-Me-benzenesulfonate) was studied to model the proposed isomerization in chain propagation in ethylene polymerization by (o-phosphino-arenesulfonate)PdR(ethylene) species. Nonequilibrium mixtures of cis-P,C- and trans-P,C-(PO-OMe)PdMe(2,6-lutidine) were generated by the reaction of Na[PO-OMe] and {Pd(μ-Cl)Me(2,6-lutidine)}2 in CD2Cl2 at −25 °C. Kinetic studies revealed lutidine-catalyzed and noncatalyzed isomerization pathways. The lutidine-catalyzed pathway involves five-coordinate (PO-OMe)PdMe(lut)2 intermediates that undergo Berry pseudorotation. Kinetic studies, structure–activity relationships, solvent effects, and density functional theory calculations for the noncatalyzed pathway are most consistent with a mechanism, originally proposed by Nozaki, Morokuma, and co-workers, which proceeds through a five-coordinate transition state with κ3-P,O,O coordination of the [PO]− ligand.
Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Prostate Cancer Extension to the Surgical Margin and Pelvic Node Metastasis at Radical Prostatectomy

AbstractWe analyzed data from 107 consecutive patients with clinical stage B prostate cancer in an attempt to identify those at high risk for having involved margins or nodal metastasis. Each patient underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided sextant biopsies of the prostate. Patient age, surgical approach to prostatectomy, pre-biopsy prostate specific antigen (PSA) level, and number, location and maximum Gleason score of positive biopsies were statistically evaluated for all patient groups. Prostate volume and PSA density (PSAD) were calculated for all patients undergoing prostatectomy. Of the 101 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy 64 had negative margins, 37 had at least 1 positive margin and 11 of the 37 had more than 1 positive margin. Involved margins were most common at the apex (62%) and mid portion (59%) of the gland. Prostatectomy was not performed on 6 patients with nodal metastases evident on frozen section examination. Therefore, 43 patients are considered to be at high risk for having ...
Paediatric post-traumatic osseous cystic lesion following a distal radial fracture

Post-traumatic osseous cystic lesions are a rare complication in children. An aetiology of intramedullary fat seepage through the damaged bone cortex and its entrapment within the subperiosteum has been proposed. These lesions run a benign course and usually resolve spontaneously. The presence of fatty marrow gives it a distinct appearance which aids in its diagnosis and differentiation from other bone lesions. This case demonstrates a fat-fluid level within the subperiosteal cystic lesion in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and this is a typical feature of post-traumatic cystic lesion in a child. Recognition of this imaging feature allows for a confident diagnosis, cutting down on unnecessary, potentially invasive investigations.
Metrics on Other Types of Partially Ranked Data

In this chapter, the results of Chapter III are extended to the following more general type of partially ranked data: each judge is given a list of n items. He partitions these n items into r groups: the first group contains his n1 favorite items, the second group con tains his n2 next most preferred items, and so on; the final group contains his nr least favorite items. The judge does not state any preferences among members of the same group. Here n1,…, nr are strictly positive integers, satisfying n; the partial ranking is said to be “of type n1,…nr.”
HAMOLYSE NACH ERSATZ MEHRERER HERZKLAPPEN

Wahrend operativ-technische Probleme der Herzklappenprothetik weitgehend gelost sind, stellen Hamolyse und Thromboembolien immer noch unerwunschte, ja bisweilen bedrohliche Nebenerscheinungen dar. Uber die Hamolyse nach Einzelklappenersatz liegen zahlreiche Untersuchungen vor, doch wurde das Problem der Hamolyse nach Mehrklappenersatz erst wenig untersucht, woruber im folgenden berichtet werden soll.
Whither the China Model: revisiting the debate

AbstractThe China model debate has come in three waves since the early 2000s and focused on the role of the state as an organizing force to lead China’s modernization. Revisiting the debate, this article argues that while the alluring story of China’s high growth blinded its dark side for a long time, the economic downturn after 2015 is nothing more than an expedient time for Chinese leaders not only to transform China’s growth model from export and investment-driven to qualitative internal development, but also to build institutional checks on the state authority and to hold the state accountable. If China is able to complete the transition on both fronts, the China model will stand, but a sustained downturn or a lost decade or two could declare the end of the China model.
Globalization and Education

Portnoi interrogates the relationship between globalization and education, covering a range of developments within both schooling and higher education. ‘Globalization and Education’ also highlights the relationship between education and development, and the influence of global governance organizations through policy diffusion in the educational realm. Several global declarations are introduced, including Education for All, the Millennium Development Goals/Sustainable Development Goals, and the Fast Track Initiative/Global Partnership for Education. The debate regarding the convergence of a ‘world culture’ of schooling is outlined, and Portnoi argues that despite global trends, most developments and reforms in education (and in other sectors) are localized through vernacular globalization.
To Prime, or Not to Prime: That Is the Question

Mitochondrial priming is regulated by the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) family of proteins and determines a cell's "readiness" for apoptosis. A highly primed cell will undergo apoptosis more easily than an unprimed cell in response to apoptotic stimuli via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Priming can be measured via BH3 profiling, which uses BH3 peptides derived from the BH3 domain of pro-apoptotic BH3-only BCL-2 family members to provoke a response from viable mitochondria. BH3 profiling can be performed on tumor cells and can identify mechanisms a cell uses to evade apoptosis and anti-apoptotic dependency to the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members. Priming correlates with chemosensitivity of patients in multiple cancers. Therapeutics that enhances priming of patient tumor cells ex vivo could be used to aid therapeutic decisions for patients in the future.
A Robust and Reusable ECG-Based Authentication and Data Encryption Scheme for eHealth Systems

eHealth systems generate from the integration of information and communication technologies with traditional healthcare systems. They have widely replaced paper-based systems due to their prominent features of convenience and accuracy. However, eHealth systems also face many challenges, such as the privacy and security concerns over patients' identities and their personal health records (PHRs). Traditional cryptographic approaches are only capable of verifying ``what you possess" or ``what you remember" with the help of trust authorities. As a result, they are not suitable for medical applications and cannot handle above concerns effectively. Using biometrics can verify ``who you are" due to permanence, distinctiveness, and undeniability properties of biometrics. It outstands conventional authentication and encryption approaches in eHealth systems. A promising one among all is the ECG (ElectroCardioGram) signal, which is easier to implement than other biometrics. Unfortunately, most of existing works do not take the nonuniformity of ECG signals into consideration. Besides, they do not protect ECG signals well despite their sensitivity. Hence, we propose a robust and reusable authentication and encryption scheme based on ECG signals for eHealth systems. Our scheme can authenticate patients' identities and protect their PHRs, enable the reuse of the same ECG signal, and preserve the privacy of ECG signals. Theoretical and empirical evaluations demonstrate the security, effectiveness, and efficiency of the proposed scheme.
Sustained Blogging About Teaching: Instructional Methods that Support Online Participation as Professional Development

Successfully preparing prospective and practicing teachers to blog as a means of professional development requires more than simply introducing popular blogging platforms, teaching technical moves and assigning an arbitrary number of blog posts. To assist teacher educators who aim to engage teachers in sustained blogging to advance their professional growth, the author presents instructional methods drawn from scholarship on effective writing instruction, including the following: examining mentor texts in the form of teacher-generated blog posts; exploring writing territories (i.e., the topics, genres and audiences for whom a teacher could write); and pursuing specific purposes for writing to generate a number of focused blog posts from a single general topic of professional interest.
Pharmacologic Interventions with NSAIDs

Obesity as a determinant of increased cancer risk and poorer cancer outcome is well established for cancers of several organ sites, including colorectal and postmenopausal breast cancer. Obesity-associated adipose inflammation leads to local and systemic accumulation of inflammatory mediators and hormones, which have multiple proneoplastic effects. Key among these from a pharmacological perspective are cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived prostaglandins (PGs), since COX enzymes are the primary target for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Overexpression of the inducible PG synthase COX-2 occurs in the majority of colorectal neoplasias and ~40 % of breast cancers and is also evident in inflamed adipose tissue from obese mice and humans. COX/PG signaling has multiple protumorigenic consequences, which provide at least a partial explanation for epidemiologic and experimental observations of reduced cancer risk associated with NSAID use. Notably, COX/PG-mediated upregulation of estrogen biosynthesis and signaling offers a plausible target for NSAID-mediated risk reduction with respect to breast and other hormone-sensitive cancers. Additionally, “off-target” NSAID effects including modulation of NFκB and AMP kinase activity may be of particular significance in the context of obesity. NSAID-mediated amelioration of obesity-­related metabolic dysfunction has been reported, and it seems likely that NSAIDs will be similarly protective for obesity-associated carcinogenesis.
Atg5flox-Derived Autophagy-Deficient Model of Pompe Disease: Does It Tell the Whole Story?

Defective autophagy is a prominent feature in Pompe disease, an inherited deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase. An absence of this enzyme leaves cells unable to digest glycogen in the lysosome. The major tissues affected by glycogen accumulation are cardiac and skeletal muscles. The currently available enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) works well in cardiac, but not in skeletal muscle. The disappointing response to therapy is linked to the presence of large areas of autophagic debris in muscle fibers.
Vaccine-associated measles in an immunocompetent child.

Key Clinical Message We present a rare case of vaccine-associated measles infection in an immunocompetent, HIV-negative patient in the United States. This case depicts the impressive rash our patient manifested and highlights the importance of reviewing public health interventions to determine epidemiological links in geographical areas with low incidence of measles.
Case Note: Sandoz v. Amgen

On June 12, 2017, the Supreme Court decided the highly anticipated first case involving the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act (BPCIA). The Supreme Court addressed two related questions: (1) whether the statutory language instructing a biosimilar applicant to provide its application and manufacturing information to the reference biologic sponsor after FDA acceptance of the application is enforceable by injunction; and (2) whether the biosimilar applicant must give notice of intended commercial marketing to the reference biologic sponsor only after obtaining an approved license from the FDA. Upholding the decision of the Federal Circuit on the first question (albeit using different reasoning) and reversing the Federal Circuit on the second question, the Court also introduced some uncertainty for the future. This short article discusses some key points following the decision.
Effect of peer support interventions on cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Peer support by persons affected with diabetes improves peer supporter’s diabetes self-management skills. Peer support interventions by individuals who have diabetes or are affected by diabetes have been shown to improve glycemic control; however, its effects on other cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with diabetes are unknown. We aimed to estimate the effect of peer support interventions on cardiovascular disease risk factors other than glycemic control in adults with diabetes. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing peer support interventions to a control condition in adults affected by diabetes that measured any cardiovascular disease risk factors [Body Mass Index, smoking, diet, physical activity, cholesterol level, glucose control and blood pressure]. Quality was assessed by Cochrane’s risk of bias tool. We calculated standardized mean difference effect sizes using random effects models. We retrieved 438 citations from multiple databases including OVID MEDLINE, Cochrane database and Scopus, and author searches. Of 233 abstracts reviewed, 16 articles met inclusion criteria. A random effects model in a total of 3243 participants showed a positive effect of peer support interventions on systolic BP with a pooled effect size of 2.07 mmHg (CI 0.35 mmHg to 3.79 mmHg, p = 0.02); baseline pooled systolic blood pressure was 137 mmHg. There was a non-significant effect of peer support interventions on diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, body mass index, diet and physical activity. Cardiovascular disease risk factors other than glycemic control outcomes were secondary outcomes in most studies and baseline values were normal or mildly elevated. Only one study reported smoking outcomes. We found a small (2 mmHg) positive effect of peer support interventions on systolic blood pressure in adults with diabetes whose baseline blood pressure was on average minimally elevated. Additional studies need to be conducted to further understand the effect of peer support interventions on high-risk cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with diabetes.
Capacity market design and renewable energy: Performance incentives, qualifying capacity, and demand curves

Abstract A review of capacity markets in the United States in the context of increasing levels of variable renewable energy finds substantial differences with respect to incentives for operational performance, methods to calculate qualifying capacity for variable renewable energy and energy storage, and demand curves for capacity. The review also reveals large differences in historical capacity market clearing prices. The authors conclude that electricity market design must continue to evolve to achieve cost-effective policies for resource adequacy.
Christianizing Maritime Chaozhou-Shantou

Christianity flourishes in areas suffering profound dislocations amid regime change and warfare. This introductory chapter explains the appeal of Christianity in the Chaozhou-Shantou (Chaoshan) region as it transitioned from a stage of disintegration in the late imperial era into the cosmopolitan and entrepreneurial area it is today. By historicizing Western missionaries and native Christians as effective forces in maintaining global–local religious ties and the state–society balance, Lee argues that the trajectory of Christianization in Chaoshan should be seen as a process of civilizational change that inspired individuals and communities to construct a sacred order capable of empowerment in times of widespread chaos and confusion. Once global Christianity rooted itself in Chaoshan through the Christianization of family genealogies and lineage networks, native congregations acquired a level of autonomy that permitted a greater role for faith-based institutions in community governance.